175:, the "father of the ranger service, as well as the first national park ranger". Yount was hired in 1880 to enforce the prohibition on hunting in the park. In addition to these duties, he would act as a guide and escort for visiting officials, such as he did in 1880 for the Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz. Although he was paid a yearly salary of $ 1,000 (out of the park's overall $ 15,000 yearly budget) he resigned at the end of 1881. Before leaving, he suggested to the superintendent of Yellowstone that "...the game and natural curiosities of the park be protected by officers stationed at different points of the park with authority to enforce observance of laws of the park maintenance and trails." Yount pointed out that it was nearly impossible for one person to protect the game properly over the park's vast expanse.
224:
for future generations and to protect park visitors. This goal is accomplished by the professionalism and sometimes overlapping of the different functions and specialties. For example, an interpretive ranger may be trained in and perform fire suppression, emergency medicine, or search and rescue. Law enforcement rangers and other park employees may contribute to the mission of the interpretive ranger by orienting visitors to park resources and facilities, safely and effectively move through them, and make a personal connection to park resources while they appropriately utilize facilities. The spirit of teamwork in accomplishing the mission of stewardship is underscored by the fact that in many cases, the U.S. National Park
Service in particular, park rangers share a common uniform regardless of work assignment.
31:
297:-based educational programs, meant to support and complement instruction received by visiting students in traditional academic settings, or in creating resource-based curriculum materials for other educators to utilize. Rangers often develop education programs to help educators meet specific national and local standards of instruction. Cultural resource education may include access to artifacts or replicas, and natural resource education may include the taking of samples, all under the supervision of a ranger to insure proper protection of the resources. Unlike interpretation, education programs include the opportunity to assess learning and designed to meet external standards using the protected resources as the subject.
255:
interpretive and recreational programs for the benefit of the visiting public. Duties characteristically include assignments such as: forest and structural fire control; protection of property from natural or visitor related depredation; dissemination to visitors of general, historical, or scientific information; folk-art and craft demonstration; control of traffic and visitor use of facilities; enforcement of laws and regulations; investigation of violations, complaints, trespass/encroachment, and accidents; search and rescue missions; and management activities related to resources such as wildlife, lakeshores, seashores, forests, historic buildings, battlefields, archeological properties, and recreation areas.
348:
this specialty ("protection rangers") may be primarily engaged in law enforcement duties, the many varied environments they work in may require these employees to be competent in a variety of public safety skills. Rangers who have received a law enforcement commission wear the standard NPS uniform with the
Department of the Interior law enforcement badge. In larger park units search and rescue, emergency medicine, and other functions may be a branch of the "visitor services" or "protection" division and may not require a commission.
330:
401:
98:
318:
184:(GS-0026). The park ranger position was designated for "professional" work like management of the park (park ranger (manager)-park ranger (site manager)), or management of division (chief ranger, chief of interpretation). The park technician series was designed to handle routine technical skills, i.e., giving walks, talks, patrolling roads, fee collection.
361:
sociology, or other closely related subjects pertinent to the management and protection of natural and cultural resources. Course work in fields other than those specified may be accepted if it clearly provides applicants with the background of knowledge and skills necessary for successful job performance in the position to be filled.
287:
programming and methods. Products include traditional printed materials and outdoor wayside exhibits, and now include web-based and digital applications. All uniformed rangers, regardless of their primary duties, are often expected to be experts on the resources in their care, whether they are natural or cultural.
214:
360:
Undergraduate and
Graduate Education: Major study -- natural resource management, natural sciences, history, archeology, anthropology, park and recreation management, law enforcement/police science, social sciences, museum sciences, business administration, public administration, behavioral sciences,
196:
0303 – miscellaneous clerk and assistant series, aka visitor use assistances – Duties include clerical, assistant, or technician work when other series are not appropriate. The work requires a knowledge of procedures and techniques involved in handling special programs. This series is commonly used
223:
The duties of the modern park ranger are as varied and diverse as the parks where they serve, and in recent years have become more highly specialized – though they often intertwine. Regardless of the regular duties of any one discipline, the goal of all rangers remains to protect the park resources
159:
They are a fine, earnest, intelligent, and public-spirited body of men, these rangers. Though small in number, their influence is large. Many and long are the duties heaped upon their shoulders. If a trail is to be blazed, it is "send a ranger." If an animal is floundering in the snow, a ranger is
347:
By the 1970s, the
National Park Service recognized that in order to protect visitors and park resources effectively, the service needed professional rangers dedicated primarily to law enforcement, emergency medical services, firefighting, and search and rescue. Although some modern NPS rangers in
160:
sent to pull him out; if a bear is in the hotel, if a fire threatens a forest, if someone is to be saved, it is "send a ranger." If a Dude wants to know the why, if a
Sagebrusher is puzzled about a road, it is "ask the ranger." Everything the ranger knows, he will tell you, ex-cept about himself.
192:
0025 – park ranger series – The duties are to supervise, manage, and perform work in the conservation and use of federal park resources. This involves functions such as park conservation; natural, historical, and cultural resource management; and the development and operation of interpretive and
187:
After years of concern of pay, the
National Park Service and the Office of Personnel Management agreed to consolidate the two series into a single group, to be used only for professional positions and temporary or seasonal positions. The agreement also required that the park service begin using
132:" from hunting game claimed by the nobility. Use of the term "ranger" dates to the 17th century in the United States, and was drawn from the word "range" (to travel over a large area). The title "ranger" in the modern sense was first applied to a reorganization of the fire warden force in the
286:
of the resources. Interpretation in this sense includes guided tours about the park's history, ecology or both; slideshows, talks, demonstrations; informal contacts, and historical re-enactments. Interpretive rangers apply the latest scholarship to continuously evaluate and plan interpretive
254:
This series covers positions the duties of which are to supervise, manage, and/or perform work in the conservation and use of
Federal park resources. This involves functions such as park conservation; natural, historical, and cultural resource management; and the development and operation of
183:
The park ranger position in the federal government began as a series of specialized positions in the miscellaneous series. In 1959, the official park ranger position (GS-0025 Park Ranger) was established throughout the federal government. along with its companion series the park technician
203:
0090 – guide series – Provides or supervises interpretive and guide services to visitors to sites of public interest. Give formal talks about natural and historic features, explains engineering structures and related water developments, answers questions, and guides
387:
In the last decades of the 20th century the field of resource interpretation began to consciously professionalize itself. This has resulted in the early 21st century with colleges and universities offering coursework and degrees in interpretation.
278:: park rangers provide a wide range of informational services to visitors. Some rangers provide practical information—such as driving directions, train timetables, weather forecasts, trip planning resources, and beyond. Rangers may provide
605:
782:
752:
1374:
745:
1117:
53:. While all employees of the agency contribute to the National Park Service mission of preserving unimpaired the natural and cultural resources set aside by the American people for
597:
1310:
738:
725:
1408:
1389:
895:
933:
1404:
957:
852:
235:
by Bob
Gartner, reflected the specialization of duties and the expansion of titles covering the same work as was being done in 1956. In the 21st century,
1292:
1281:
1140:
1002:
857:
1398:
231:
by C. B. Colby. At that time, park rangers fulfilled all the demands of park operations from administrative duties to technical rescue. By 1995,
1325:
1051:
200:
0189 – recreation aid and assistant series – Provides support to recreation programs by performing limited aspects of recreation work, lifeguards
1379:
787:
1259:
987:
307:
1315:
1286:
761:
414:
17:
1341:
373:
In addition to traditional undergraduate and graduate coursework, the following specialized study pertain to the park ranger profession:
356:
The United States Office of
Personnel Management provides the following guidance concerning education requirements for all park rangers:
1346:
1275:
1036:
910:
925:
627:
1215:
1207:
1075:
1041:
997:
1090:
128:
The term "ranger" is from a Middle
English word dating back to 1350–1400. "Rangers" patrolled royal forests and parks to prevent "
1394:
1253:
938:
1058:
872:
867:
809:
1220:
862:
522:
188:
other appropriate technical series for lower paid positions. The protection ranger series was changed to "GL"-0025 in 2005.
30:
1440:
1225:
977:
890:
882:
844:
769:
576:
U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Handbook of occupational groups and families. Washington, D.C. January 2008. Page 19.
462:
726:
U.S. Office of Personnel Management, TS-75 November 1985, POSITION CLASSIFICATION STANDARD FOR PARK RANGER SERIES, GS-0025
1132:
900:
797:
1264:
1024:
943:
434:
580:
1177:
1012:
971:
542:
Position Classification Standard for Park Ranger Series, GS-0025; Office of Personnel Management; TS-75 November 1985
492:
1017:
824:
109:
685:
652:
1270:
1150:
1145:
1085:
915:
567:
Position Classification Standard for Guide Series, GS-0090; Office of Personnel Management; TS-37 December 1961
1435:
1167:
243:
50:
819:
1185:
905:
828:
1320:
1046:
967:
814:
777:
424:
1190:
1063:
1029:
730:
1230:
1195:
558:
Handbook of Occupational Groups and Families May 2009; Office of Personnel Management; Washington D.C.
1235:
1162:
1110:
1007:
172:
1369:
1122:
85:. These comprise the two main disciplines of the ranger profession in the National Park Service.
382:
279:
275:
265:
70:
41:
are among the uniformed employees charged with protecting and preserving areas set aside in the
1430:
1384:
1302:
46:
1100:
429:
269:
145:
141:
62:
65:
employees who wear the uniform. Broadly speaking, all National Park Service rangers promote
1350:
406:
42:
631:
8:
653:"Masters of Science in Resource Interpretation at Stephen F. Austin State University SFA"
247:
137:
54:
783:
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fisheries: Office of Law Enforcement
136:, after fires burned 80,000 acres (320 km) in the park. The name was taken from
1095:
518:
488:
152:
329:
584:
512:
508:
164:
133:
82:
454:
1380:
Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
140:, a small force famous for their woodcraft that fought in the area during the
1424:
721:"Adopt A Ranger", the worldwide foundation to finance additional park rangers
155:, reflected upon the early park rangers in the US National Parks as follows:
577:
760:
419:
283:
246:
sums up the diversity of the official park ranger series of professional
168:
66:
58:
97:
1155:
834:
677:
656:
365:
Specialized experience may be substituted for education in some cases.
294:
213:
78:
628:"Historical Interpretation, College of Humanities and Social Sciences"
290:
227:
The oldest source of information on park ranger careers was the 1956
239:, showed the park ranger profession was only becoming more complex.
1123:
National Wildlife Refuge System: Division of Refuge Law Enforcement
317:
129:
720:
1282:
United States Merchant Marine Academy Department of Public Safety
74:
69:
of the resources in their care—either voluntary stewardship via
193:
recreational programs for the benefit of the visiting public.
715:
208:
1390:
Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia
301:
1375:
Central Intelligence Agency: Security Protective Service
197:
for fee collectors at campgrounds and entrance stations.
1260:
US Forest Service: Law Enforcement & Investigations
716:
U.S. Park Ranger Lodge of the Fraternal Order of Police
167:, second director of the National Park Service, called
710:
485:
The Extraordinary Adirondack Journey of Clarence Petty
415:
List of United States federal law enforcement agencies
1405:
Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services
1064:
Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service
762:
Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
368:
293:: rangers may also engage in leading more formalized
144:
beginning in 1755. The term was then adopted by the
1118:
Fish and Wildlife Service: Office of Law Enforcement
1091:
Bureau of Land Management: Office of Law Enforcement
678:"Historic Sites and Museum Studies - Gordon College"
396:
1141:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
34:
Park rangers presiding over US Citizenship Ceremony
151:The first Director of the National Park Service,
1422:
1311:Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives
1231:Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation
259:
507:
487:, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002.
746:
554:
552:
550:
548:
514:"Oh, Ranger!" A Book about the National Parks
308:National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers
896:Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division
1342:U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System
517:. Stanford University Press. pp. 5–7.
503:
501:
1347:Marshal of the United States Supreme Court
968:United States Food and Drug Administration
753:
739:
545:
178:
351:
1216:Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
998:Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers
498:
212:
209:Duties, disciplines, and specializations
61:" is traditionally used to describe all
29:
538:
536:
534:
233:Exploring Careers in the National Parks
27:Uniformed employees patrolling US Parks
14:
1423:
1059:Transportation Security Administration
810:Defense Criminal Investigative Service
302:Law enforcement and emergency services
1293:Department of Veterans Affairs Police
734:
1226:Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
1003:Citizenship and Immigration Services
978:National Institutes of Health Police
711:Association of National Park Rangers
531:
92:
1326:Government Publishing Office Police
1042:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
602:U.S. Office of Personnel Management
341:National Park Service Ranger badges
24:
944:Department of the Air Force Police
688:from the original on 26 March 2017
435:Women in the National Park Service
369:Specialized education and training
25:
1452:
972:Office of Criminal Investigations
853:Intelligence and Security Command
704:
465:from the original on 3 March 2016
376:
1221:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
934:Office of Special Investigations
825:Pentagon Force Protection Agency
608:from the original on 8 July 2017
399:
328:
323:Non-law enforcement Ranger badge
316:
250:occupational groups as follows:
96:
1409:National Zoological Park Police
1271:Office of Secure Transportation
1151:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1146:Drug Enforcement Administration
1086:Bureau of Indian Affairs Police
858:Criminal Investigation Division
835:National Security Agency Police
820:Defense Logistics Agency Police
670:
645:
282:to visitors intended to foster
1316:Sergeant at Arms of the Senate
1168:United States Marshals Service
891:Criminal Investigative Service
620:
590:
570:
561:
477:
447:
244:Office of Personnel Management
51:President of the United States
13:
1:
1186:Bureau of Diplomatic Security
1025:Customs and Border Protection
440:
39:National Park Service rangers
1321:United States Capitol Police
1047:United States Secret Service
815:Department of Defense Police
778:Office of Export Enforcement
425:Ranger of Windsor Great Park
335:Law Enforcement Ranger badge
260:Interpretation and education
18:National Park Service Ranger
7:
1441:Law enforcement occupations
1191:Diplomatic Security Service
926:Department of the Air Force
511:; Taylor, Frank J. (1929).
392:
10:
1457:
1208:Department of the Treasury
1196:Office of Foreign Missions
1037:Federal Protective Service
455:"the definition of ranger"
380:
305:
263:
88:
1395:Postal Inspection Service
1360:
1334:
1301:
1244:
1236:United States Mint Police
1206:
1176:
1163:Federal Bureau of Prisons
1131:
1111:United States Park Police
1074:
1008:United States Coast Guard
986:
960:Health and Human Services
956:
924:
881:
843:
805:
796:
768:
598:"Park Ranger Series 0025"
587:Accessed January 2, 2009.
173:Yellowstone National Park
1370:Amtrak Police Department
383:Heritage interpretation
266:Heritage interpretation
179:Official classification
71:resource interpretation
1385:Federal Reserve Police
1303:United States Congress
883:Department of the Navy
868:Army Department Police
845:Department of the Army
770:Department of Commerce
363:
352:Education and training
257:
220:
162:
47:United States Congress
35:
1436:National Park Service
1133:Department of Justice
1101:National Park Service
1013:Investigative Service
863:Military Police Corps
798:Department of Defense
430:Epping Forest Keepers
381:Further information:
358:
280:interpretive programs
270:Experiential learning
252:
216:
157:
146:National Park Service
142:French and Indian War
73:, or compliance with
63:National Park Service
33:
1363:enforcement agencies
1351:Supreme Court Police
916:Naval Academy Police
483:Angus, Christopher,
407:United States portal
43:National Park System
1247:department agencies
1178:Department of State
911:Marine Corps Police
873:Corrections Command
509:Albright, Horace M.
1399:U.S. Postal Police
1052:Uniformed Division
1018:Coast Guard Police
788:Office of Security
583:2009-01-03 at the
237:Live the Adventure
221:
108:. You can help by
55:future generations
36:
1418:
1417:
1361:Other federal law
1096:Hoover Dam Police
990:Homeland Security
952:
951:
524:978-1-4400-8022-7
218:Park ranger, 1956
153:Stephen T. Mather
126:
125:
16:(Redirected from
1448:
1288:Veterans Affairs
1245:Other executive
803:
802:
755:
748:
741:
732:
731:
698:
697:
695:
693:
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
655:. Archived from
649:
643:
642:
640:
639:
630:. Archived from
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
594:
588:
574:
568:
565:
559:
556:
543:
540:
529:
528:
505:
496:
481:
475:
474:
472:
470:
451:
409:
404:
403:
402:
332:
320:
171:, gamekeeper of
121:
118:
100:
93:
21:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1362:
1356:
1335:Judicial branch
1330:
1297:
1246:
1240:
1202:
1172:
1127:
1077:
1070:
989:
982:
959:
948:
939:Security Forces
920:
877:
839:
829:Pentagon Police
792:
764:
759:
707:
702:
701:
691:
689:
676:
675:
671:
662:
660:
651:
650:
646:
637:
635:
626:
625:
621:
611:
609:
596:
595:
591:
585:Wayback Machine
575:
571:
566:
562:
557:
546:
541:
532:
525:
506:
499:
482:
478:
468:
466:
453:
452:
448:
443:
405:
400:
398:
395:
389:
385:
379:
371:
354:
345:
344:
343:
342:
338:
337:
336:
333:
325:
324:
321:
310:
304:
272:
264:Main articles:
262:
219:
211:
181:
165:Horace Albright
138:Rogers' Rangers
134:Adirondack Park
122:
116:
113:
106:needs expansion
91:
83:law enforcement
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1284:
1277:Transportation
1273:
1262:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1182:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1005:
1000:
994:
992:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
964:
962:
954:
953:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
930:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
901:Master-at-Arms
898:
893:
887:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
832:
822:
817:
812:
806:
800:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
774:
772:
766:
765:
758:
757:
750:
743:
735:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
706:
705:External links
703:
700:
699:
682:www.gordon.edu
669:
644:
619:
589:
569:
560:
544:
530:
523:
497:
476:
459:Dictionary.com
445:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
411:
410:
394:
391:
378:
377:Interpretation
375:
370:
367:
353:
350:
340:
339:
334:
327:
326:
322:
315:
314:
313:
312:
311:
306:Main article:
303:
300:
299:
298:
288:
276:Interpretation
261:
258:
217:
210:
207:
206:
205:
201:
198:
194:
180:
177:
124:
123:
103:
101:
90:
87:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1453:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Public safety
1429:
1428:
1426:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1076:Department of
1073:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:Border Patrol
1028:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
991:
988:Department of
985:
979:
976:
973:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
958:Department of
955:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
923:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
884:
880:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
836:
833:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:
801:
799:
795:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
756:
751:
749:
744:
742:
737:
736:
733:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
687:
683:
679:
673:
659:on 2010-08-03
658:
654:
648:
634:on 2010-07-18
633:
629:
623:
607:
603:
599:
593:
586:
582:
579:
573:
564:
555:
553:
551:
549:
539:
537:
535:
526:
520:
516:
515:
510:
504:
502:
494:
493:0-8156-0741-5
490:
486:
480:
464:
460:
456:
450:
446:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
408:
397:
390:
384:
374:
366:
362:
357:
349:
331:
319:
309:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
273:
271:
267:
256:
251:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
225:
215:
202:
199:
195:
191:
190:
189:
185:
176:
174:
170:
166:
161:
156:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
120:
111:
107:
104:This section
102:
99:
95:
94:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1254:
1105:
1078:the Interior
690:. Retrieved
681:
672:
661:. Retrieved
657:the original
647:
636:. Retrieved
632:the original
622:
610:. Retrieved
601:
592:
572:
563:
513:
484:
479:
467:. Retrieved
458:
449:
386:
372:
364:
359:
355:
346:
253:
248:white-collar
242:The federal
241:
236:
232:
228:
226:
222:
186:
182:
163:
158:
150:
127:
114:
110:adding to it
105:
57:, the term "
38:
37:
1255:Agriculture
906:Navy Police
420:Park ranger
284:stewardship
229:Park Ranger
169:Harry Yount
67:stewardship
59:park ranger
1425:Categories
1156:FBI Police
692:17 January
663:2010-08-02
638:2010-08-02
612:17 January
469:17 January
441:References
295:curriculum
117:March 2008
79:regulation
291:Education
686:Archived
606:Archived
581:Archived
463:Archived
393:See also
130:poachers
81:through
49:and the
1106:Rangers
578:OPM.gov
89:History
75:statute
45:by the
1266:Energy
521:
491:
204:tours.
694:2018
614:2018
519:ISBN
489:ISBN
471:2018
268:and
112:.
77:or
1427::
1291::
1280::
1269::
1258::
684:.
680:.
604:.
600:.
547:^
533:^
500:^
461:.
457:.
148:.
1411:)
1407:(
1401:)
1397:(
1353:)
1349:(
974:)
970:(
831:)
827:(
754:e
747:t
740:v
696:.
666:.
641:.
616:.
527:.
495:.
473:.
119:)
115:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)