National Rally - Knowledge

2801:. In a shock outcome, Le Pen outperformed Jospin (by 0.7%) in the 1st round, placing second and advancing to the runoff. This resulted in the first presidential run-off since 1969 without a leftist candidate and the first ever with a candidate from the far-right. To Le Pen's advantage, the election campaign had increasingly focused on law-and-order issues, helped by media attention on a number of violent incidents. Jospin had also been weakened due to the competition between an exceptional number of leftist parties. Nevertheless, Chirac did not even have to campaign in the second round, as widespread anti-Le Pen protests from the media and public opinion culminated on 3355: 468: 2911: 3044: 2248: 2900: 2786: 17420: 5512:

concerning her loan requests. Since November 2014, she insists that if a French bank agrees to give her a loan, she would break her contract with the FCBR, but she has not received any other counter-propositions. Le Pen accused the banks of collusion with the government. In April 2015, a Russian hacker group published texts and emails between Timur Prokopenko, a member of Putin's administration, and Konstantin Rykov, a former Duma deputy with ties to France, discussing Russian financial support to the National Front in exchange for its support of

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it saw a drop to around 5% in some late 2000s elections. Since 2010, the party's support seems to have increased towards its former heights. The party managed to advance to the final round of the 2002 French presidential election, although it failed to attract much more support after the initial first round vote. In the late 2000s the party suffered decline in elections. Under Marine Le Pen's presidency the party has increased its vote share significantly. The National Front came first in a national election for the first time during the

6188: 6239: 17546: 17534: 2342:(National Front of Youth; FNJ). The rhetoric used in the campaign stressed old, far-right themes and was largely uninspiring to the electorate at the time. Otherwise, its official program at this point was relatively moderate, differing little from the mainstream right's. Le Pen sought the "total fusion" of the currents in the party, and warned against "crude activism." The FNJ were banned from the party later that year. The move towards the mainstream cost it many leading members and much of its militant base. 52: 2528:, the FN won 11% of the vote and ten seats, in a contest that was considered to have a low level of importance by the public, which played to the party's advantage. The FN, notably, made inroads in both right-wing and left-wing constituencies, and finished 2nd in a number of towns. While many Socialists had arguably exploited the party in order to divide the right, Mitterrand later conceded that he had underestimated Le Pen. By July, 17% of opinion poll respondents held a positive opinion of the FN. 2477: 17594: 4787: 5041:. As the party gained growing support from the economically vulnerable, it converted towards politics of social welfare and economic protectionism. This was part of its shift away from its former claim of being the "social, popular, and national right" to its claim of being "neither right nor left – French!" Increasingly, the party's program became an amalgam of free market and welfarist policies. By the 2010s, some political commentators described its economic policies as left-wing. 6129: 2058:" of the party by softening its image and trying to frame the party as being neither right nor left. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right roots, as well as censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended and then expelled from the party in 2015. Following her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN grew. By 2015, the FN had established itself as a major political party in France. Sources traditionally label the party as 4731: 1844: 2707:. Le Pen then declared that his party would implement its "national preference" policy, with the risk of provoking the central government and being at odds with the laws of the Republic. The FN's elected representatives pursued interventionist policies with regards to the new cultural complexion of their towns by directly influencing artistic events, cinema schedules, and library holdings, as well as cutting or halting subsidies for multicultural associations. The party won 2736: 17618: 17606: 3087:, the FN received 13.02% of the vote, a little lower than the 13.07% of the 2012 elections. The party appeared to have suffered from a demobilisation of its voters from the previous vote. Nonetheless, eight deputies (six FN and two affiliated) were elected, the best number for the FN in a parliamentary election using a majoritarian electoral system since its creation. Marine Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly for the first time, while 17641: 17558: 17522: 3219:, the party received 18.68% of the votes in the first round and won 89 seats in the second round, a significant increase from the previous total of 8 seats. The 89 seats enabled the National Rally to form a parliamentary group, for which at least 15 deputies are required, for the first time since 1986, when the national assembly was elected by proportional voting. The result made the party the 3rd largest party in the assembly and the largest 5288:. The National Front denounces anti-Russian feelings in Eastern Europe and the submission of Western Europe to "Washington's" interests in the region. Marine Le Pen is very critical against the threats of sanctions directed by the international community against Russia: "European countries should seek a solution through diplomacy rather than making threats that could lead to an escalation." She argues that the United States is leading a 2823: 2762:, favoured tactical cooperation with a weakened centre-right following the left's victory, Le Pen rejected any such "compromise." In the tenth FN national congress in 1997, Mégret stepped up his position in the party as its rising star and a potential leader following Le Pen. Le Pen however refused to designate Mégret as his successor-elect, and instead made his wife Jany the leader of the FN list for the upcoming European election. 2564:, who had joined the party after its 1984 success. The RPR won a majority with smaller, centre-right parties, and thus avoided the need to deal with the FN. Although FN was unable to exercise any real political influence, the party could project an image of political legitimacy. Several of its legislative proposals were controversial and had a socially reactionary and xenophobic character, among them attempts to restore the 17570: 4743: 1856: 17582: 7992: 7959: 7921: 7888: 7853: 7820: 7785: 7645: 7600: 7555: 7510: 7470: 7422: 7224: 7197: 7165: 7141: 7127: 7073: 7029: 6956: 6915: 6879: 6843: 6769: 6733: 6697: 6661: 6625: 3031:. While some of these cities were in southern France (like Fréjus) which traditionally votes more for right-wing parties than the rest of the country, others were located in northern France, where Socialist Party had been strong until the 2010s. Following these elections, the National Front had, in cities of over 1,000 inhabitants, 1,546 and 459 councilors at two different levels of local government. 7752: 7374: 7276: 7262: 7238: 7100: 6804: 6591: 6558: 6525: 5346:, but not heavy weapons that would make France a "co-belligerent" in the conflict. Similarly, Bardella has expressed support for defense equipment, ammunition and logistical assistance to Ukraine, but maintains opposition to giving long-range missiles to Ukraine or deploying French soldiers there. He is also opposed to Ukrainian NATO membership, suggesting it could escalate the war. 2521:

appearance in a monthly poll of political popularity, in which 9% of respondents held a "positive opinion" of the FN and some support for Le Pen personally. The next month, Le Pen was, for the first time, invited on a prime-time television interview programme, which he himself later deemed "the hour that changed everything".

16416:"News: Morawiecki inviting Orbán's Fidesz and Le Pen's National Rally to join Law and Justice's group in European Parliament. The common goal is "to save Europe" and "the ECR will most likely accept everyone who agrees against the dominant liberal and left-wing groups that are on course to destroy Europe," says Morawiecki" 2773:, with a vision of building bridges to the parliamentary right. Many had also been particularly influential in intellectualising the FN's policies on immigration, identity, and "national preference". Following the split, Le Pen denounced them as "extremist" and "racist". Support for the two parties was almost equal in the 3156:". Bannon advised the party members to "Let them call you racist, let them call you xenophobes, let them call you nativists. Wear it like a badge of honor. Because every day, we get stronger and they get weaker. ... History is on our side and will bring us victory." Bannon's remarks brought the members to their feet. 2601:. With his entourage, Le Pen traversed France for the entire period and, helped by Mégret, employed an American-style campaign. Le Pen's presidential campaign was highly successful; no candidates came close to rival his ability to excite audiences at rallies and boost ratings at television appearances. Using a 5466:

about the fact that some of her European senior colleagues had formed alliances with, and visited, some Israeli settlers and groups, Marine Le Pen said: "The shared concern about radical Islam explains the relationship ... but it is possible that behind it is also the need of the visitors from Europe

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said that the Russian government considered the National Front "capable of seizing power in France and changing the course of European history in Moscow's favour." According to the French media, party leaders had frequent contact with Russian ambassador Alexander Orlov and Marine Le Pen made multiple

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centre-right. In the 2010s, the party attempted to "de-demonise" its image and changed its name to National Rally. A 2022 Kanar survey found that 46% of French voters saw Marine Le Pen as "representing a patriotic Right attached to traditional values", although 50% saw her as "a danger to democracy".

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was critical of the FN, claiming that the FN's association with "anti-Semitism and general prejudice" made it impossible for UKIP to join Le Pen's efforts for a united right-wing populist European Parliament group despite an invitation from PVV leader Wilders. In 2017, Marine Le Pen met with and was

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and always defended Israel's right to exist". She has opposed the emigration of French Jews to Israel in response to radical Islam, explaining: "The Jews of France are Frenchmen, they're at home here, and they must stay here and not emigrate. The country is obligated to provide solutions against the

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The FN has changed considerably since its foundation, pursuing the principles of modernisation and pragmatism, and adapting to the changing political climate. Its message increasingly influenced mainstream political parties, and some commentators described it as right-wing, moving closer towards the

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Le Pen protested the "media boycott" against his party by sending letters to President Mitterrand in mid-1982. Following an exchange of letters with Le Pen, Mitterrand instructed the heads of the main television channels to give equitable coverage to the FN. In January 1984, the party made its first

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to national power for the first time in the Fifth Republic; Mitterrand immediately dissolved the National Assembly and called a snap legislative election. With only three weeks to prepare its campaign, the FN fielded only a limited number of candidates and won only 0.2% of the national vote. The PFN

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The National Front was a marginal party in 1973, the first election it participated in, but the party made its breakthrough in the 1984 European Parliament election, where it won 11% of the vote and ten MEPs. Following this election, the party's support mostly ranged from around 10 to 15%, although

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The party's stance on NATO has varied throughout the years. Under Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership, the party advocated a complete withdrawal from the organization, while under Marine Le Pen's leadership, the party has softened its stance to instead advocate leaving NATO's integrated military command

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Jean-Marie Le Pen announced in September 2008 that he would retire as FN president in 2010. Le Pen's daughter Marine Le Pen and FN executive vice-president Bruno Gollnisch campaigned to succeed Le Pen, with Marine's candidacy backed by her father. On 15 January 2011, it was announced that Marine Le

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from the Russian government but a loan from a private Russian bank because no other bank would give her a loan. This loan is meant to prepare future electoral campaigns and to be repaid progressively. Marine Le Pen has publicly disclosed all the rejection letters that French banks have sent to her

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in a demonstration of 1.5 million participants across France. Chirac also refused to debate with Le Pen, and the traditional televised debate was cancelled. In the end, Chirac won the presidential run-off with an unprecedented 82.2% of the vote, with 71% of his votes—according to polls—cast simply

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Lechevalier said that most National Front politicians, and most of its leaders, held similar views as the GI. But they had to hide them from voters, she said. "We need the greatest number of people to come to our side to obtain the highest vote, in order to win,' she said. 'Then we can do what we

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Under Jordan Bardella, the RN has adopted some more pro-market policies, including lower taxes, and simplification of industrial norms. Bardella advocated an audit of public finances as a precursor to determining the 2025 budget. Bardella has sought to use these policies to court business support

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Le Pen's campaign for the presidential election unofficially began in the months following the 1986 election. To promote his statesmanship credentials, he made trips to South East Asia, the United States, and Africa. The management of the formal campaign, launched in April 1987, was entrusted to

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In France, parties have to secure support from a specific number of elected officials, from a specific number of departments, in order to be eligible to run for election. In 1976, the number of required elected officials was increased fivefold from the 1974 presidential cycle, and the number of

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in the late 1980s, some valuable FN politicians left the party. Soon, other quarrels left the party without its remaining member of the National Assembly. In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early

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in October 1983, the FN won 17% of the vote. With the choice of defeat to the political left or dealing with the FN, the local RPR and UDF agreed to form an alliance with the FN, causing a national sensation; together, they won the second round with 55% of the vote. The events in Dreux were a

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was its founder and leader until his resignation in 2011. While its influence was marginal until 1984, the party's role as a nationalist electoral force has grown considerably. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election,

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While the French party system had been dominated by polarisation and competition between the clear-cut ideological alternatives of two political blocs in the 1970s, the two blocs had largely moved towards the centre by the mid-1980s. This led many voters to perceive the blocs as more or less

4946:(immigrants minus emigrants) of 10,000 in France per year. Since 2017, that yearly net immigration rate was around 182,000 if one takes into account only people born abroad from non-French parents, but was around 44,000 if one includes also the departures and returns of French expatriates. 2945:, opinion polls showed Marine Le Pen as a serious challenger, with a few polls even suggesting that she could win the first round of the election. In the event, Le Pen came 3rd in the first round, scoring 17.9% – the best showing ever in a presidential election for the FN at that time. 2429:, the PFN became part of an attempt to build a "Euro-Right" alliance of the continent's far-right parties, and was in the end the only one of the two that contested the election. It fielded Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour as its primary candidate, while Le Pen called for voter abstention. 5898:

after he compared her to Le Pen, while Le Pen criticised Meloni's illegal immigration policies. However, in early 2024, Le Pen and Meloni made overtures to one another, declining to rule out future cooperation between their parties. In July 2024, Meloni praised Le Pen's alliance with

14361: 2303:(MSI), which at the time appeared to establish a broad coalition of the Italian hard right. The FN adopted a French version of the MSI tricolour flame as its logo. ON wanted to unite the various French far-right currents, and brought together "nationals" of Le Pen's group and 13509:

Le Pen said she and Wilders differ in their approach to Islam. 'I am against the visibility of Islam in society. We have a tradition of a strict division between church and state so I think religious symbolism has no place in the street. But I have nothing against Islam per

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was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. She temporarily stepped down in 2017 in order to concentrate on her presidential candidacy; she resumed her leadership after the election. She headed the party until 2021, when she temporarily resigned again. A year later,

2436:, both Le Pen and Pascal Gauchon of the PFN declared their intentions to run. However, an increased requirement regarding obtaining signatures of support from elected officials had been introduced for the election, which left both Le Pen and Gauchon unable to participate. 2923:

Pen had received the two-thirds vote needed to become the new leader of the FN. She embarked on a project to transform the FN into a "mainstream party" by softening its xenophobic image. Opinion polls showed the party's popularity increase under Marine Le Pen, and in the

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In 2022, Marine Le Pen proposed an end to “family reunification” rights for foreigners with residency permits and the end to the right to automatic citizenship for children born in France to foreigners living there. She also supported a referendum on immigration policy.

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By the early 1980s, the FN featured a mosaic of ideological tendencies and attracted figures who were previously resistant to the party. The party managed to draw supporters from the mainstream right, including some high-profile defectors from the RPR, the UDF, and the

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parties. Having failed to cooperate in the European Parliament, Le Pen sought in the mid-1990s to initiate contacts with other far-right parties, including from non-EU countries. The FN drew most support in Central and Eastern Europe, and Le Pen visited the Turkish

3055:, finishing first with 24.86% of the vote and 24 of France's 74 seats. This was said to be "the first time the anti-immigrant, anti-EU party had won a nationwide election in its four-decade history." The party's success came as a "shock" in France and the EU. 12479: 11863: 5208:

for "fighting radical Islam", stating that Egypt's "ability to separate extremist Islam from the religion sets an example to the rest of the world, including France, of how to deal with poisonous ideologies". The party has also favourably contrasted the

12610: 5451:. The leader of the party, Marine Le Pen, distanced herself for a time from the party machine in protest at her father's comments. In response to her father's remarks, Marine Le Pen referred to the Holocaust as the "abomination of abominations". 9619: 8920: 2361:." Despite being the only nationalist candidate, he failed to gain the support of the whole of the far-right, as the various groups either rallied behind other candidates or called for voter abstention. The campaign further lost ground when the 2777:, as the FN polled its lowest national score since 1984 with just 5.7%, and the MNR won 3.3%. The effects of the split, and competition from more moderate nationalists, resulted in their combined support being lower than the FN result of 1984. 14819: 13646: 4931:

After the 1999 split, the FN cultivated a more moderate image on immigration and Islam, no longer calling for the systematic repatriation of legal immigrants but still supporting the deportation of illegal, criminal or unemployed immigrants.

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Marine Le Pen rescinded the party's traditional support for the death penalty with her 2017 campaign launch, instead announcing support for imprisonment "in perpetuity" for the "worst crimes" in February 2017. In 2022, she proposed to hold a

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held on the same day, FN won 137 seats, and gained representation in 21 of the 22 French regional councils. The RPR depended on FN support to win presidencies in some regional councils, and the FN won vice-presidential posts in four regions.

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were also accepted in the party, as Le Pen urged the need for "reconciliation", arguing that forty years after the war the only important question was whether or not "they wish to serve their country". The FN won 8.7% overall support in the

2496:) of 1983, in turn inducing them to seek out to new political alternatives. By October 1982, Le Pen supported the prospect of deals with the mainstream right, provided that the FN did not have to soften its position on "key issues." In the 3141:. However, the name change faced opposition from an already-existing party named "Rassemblement national", whose president, Igor Kurek, described it as "Gaullist and republican right": the party had previously registered its name with the 9445: 14371: 5292:

against Russia. She sees no other solution for peace in Ukraine than to organise a kind of federation that would allow each region to have a large degree of autonomy. She thinks Ukraine should be sovereign and free as any other nation.

2754:. The result showed that the party had become established enough to compete without its leader, who had decided not to run, in order to focus on the 2002 presidential election. Although it won only one seat in the National Assembly, in 2512:, where Le Pen was elected to the local council with 11% of the vote. |Subsequent by-elections kept media attention on the party, which was for the first time able to pose as a viable component of the broader right. In a by-election in 5532:, a far-right group. In secretly taped conversations, RN leaders endorsed goals of Generation Identity and discussed plans to "remigrate" immigrants, effectively sending them back to their countries of origin, if the RN came to power. 2838:, in part in an attempt to reduce the FN's influence in regional councils. The FN won 15.1% of the vote in metropolitan France, almost the same as in 1998, but its number of councillors was almost halved due to the new system. For the 2331:, Algerian War veterans, and some monarchists, among others. Le Pen was chosen to be the first president of the party, as he was untainted with the militant public image of the ON and was a relatively moderate figure in the far-right. 12225: 9276:

Lebourg, Nicolas; Preda, Jonathan (15 May 2013). "Ordre Nouveau, fin des illusions droitières et matrice activiste du premier Front national" [New Order, end of illusions and the activist matrix of the first National Front].

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shared his views, prompting a rebuke by President Macron. Chikli later described his relations with the RN, stating it was "natural that conservative leaders will have good relations with conservative leaders all across the globe".

5221:, criticising Macron's attempts to deepen ties with Algeria. In January 2023, the National Rally was one of only four parties in the European Parliament that voted against a resolution condemning Morocco's treatment of journalist 2568:, expel foreigners who "proportionally committed more crimes than the French", restrict naturalisation, introduce a "national preference" for employment, impose taxes on the hiring of foreigners by French companies, and privatise 2726:

allowance for babies born to at least one parent of French (or EU) nationality. The measure was ruled illegal by a court, whicn also sentenced her to a suspended prison sentence, a fine, and a two-year ban from public office.

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In November 2014, Marine Le Pen confirmed that the party had received a €9 million loan from the First Czech Russian Bank (FCRB) in Moscow to the National Front. Senior FN officials from the party's political bureau informed

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programme which included lower taxes, reducing state intervention, reducing the size of the public sector, privatisation, and scaling back government bureaucracy. Some scholars have characterised the FN's 1978 programme as

15809: 2353:, were shared by most of the mainstream right. Other FN issues included calls for increased French birth rates, immigration reduction (although this was downplayed), establishment of a professional army, abrogation of the 2116:

in a landslide with 31.4% of the votes. This caused Macron to announce a snap election to try to garner more support for his party, Ensemble. Later that month, an RN-led right-wing coalition topped the first round of the

2560:, the FN took advantage of the new, proportional representation system and won 9.8% of the vote and 35 seats in the National Assembly. Many of these seats were filled by a new wave of "respectable" political operatives, 15205: 15115: 9723: 5447:, but historians could discuss the number of deaths. As to the existence of gas chambers, it is up to historians to determine." Jean-Marie Le Pen was fined for these remarks, but Gollnisch was found not guilty by the 14406: 12475: 12427: 5052:

on energy and essential products. The party has supported public services, protectionism, and economic intervention, and opposed the increase in the fuel tax in 2018, and the increase in the retirement age in 2023.

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le mouvement lepéniste peut être à juste titre considéré comme le modèle prototypique de la « nouvelle » droite radicale populiste paneuropéenne, variante contemporaine de l'extrême droite traditionnelle

2672:. Following that success, surveys found that French public opinion was largely negative towards Islam. In a 1989 legislative by-election in Dreux, FN candidate Marie-France Stirbois, campaigning mostly on an anti- 9787: 11867: 9336: 5894:(FdI) from 2013 onwards, the relationship between the RN and FdI became strained in 2022, after Meloni publicly declined to support Le Pen's 2022 presidential bid. In 2023, Meloni complained to French President 5410:

The party advocates referendums on key issues such as the death penalty, immigration policy, and constitutional change. In 2022, Marine Le Pen stated: "I want the referendum to become a classic operating tool."

15703: 13798: 15375: 11283: 5077:, but has stated that climate change is "not the priority" of the party. The party is against measures to tackle climate change and protecting the environment. The National Rally has proposed abolition of the 4927:

Since its early years, the party has called for immigration to be reduced. The theme of exclusion of non-European immigrants was brought into the party in 1978 and became increasingly important in the 1980s.

2062:. However, some media outlets have started to refer to the party as "right-wing populist" or "nationalist right" instead, arguing that it has substantially moderated from its years under Jean-Marie Le Pen. 14216: 5907:

during the 2024 French legislative election, congratulated the RN on its success in the first round of the election, and expressed preference for the right-wing alliance in the second round of the election.

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had 19.6%. Women voters in France were traditionally more attracted to mainstream conservative parties than the radical right until the 2000s. The proportion of women in the party has risen to 39% by 2017.

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Based on their first round performance, the RN will receive around €15 million per year in government subsidies for the next five years: each vote in the first round was worth €1.61 per year to the party.

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that the German occupation of France "was not particularly inhumane, even if there were a few blunders, inevitable in a country of 640,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq. mi.)" and in 1987 referred to the

17042: 14496: 14319: 10448: 9611: 8912: 9820: 2861:, reached the runoff -where she was defeated by the Socialist incumbent. These electoral defeats partly accounted for the party's financial problems. Le Pen announced the sale of the FN headquarters in 13636: 3260:

parties on a platform of refusing military aid to Ukraine, anti-immigration, and pro-"traditional family" values. The group, the third largest in the parliament, also includes members from the Flemish

16346: 14811: 13082: 3297:. Together, these parties secured the largest share of the vote in the first round with 33.15% of the vote. More voters who reported struggling financially voted for the RN than for any other party. 14552: 12192: 15244: 14939: 12401: 5969:. The delegation was not sanctioned by the European Parliament, and consisted mostly of right-wing populist politicians including MEPs from Vox, AfD, the Northern League, Vlaams Belang, the British 16469: 16264: 11989: 3073:, Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to "unite voters." In the second round of voting, Le Pen was defeated 66.1% to 33.9% by her rival 13242: 9441: 12167: 16624: 8787:

Williams, Michelle Hale (January 2011). "A new era for French far right politics? Comparing the FN under two Le Pens and The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies".

5757:(EAF). The EAF is a pan-European sovereigntist platform founded late 2010 that is recognised by the European Parliament. The EAF has individual members linked to the Austrian Freedom Party of 2869:, and of his personal armoured car. In 2008, a French court handed Le Pen a three-month suspended sentence and a €10,000 fine for remarks he made in 2005 that contravened France's law against 16378: 15343: 8478: 5707:

During Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidency, the party has also been active in establishing extra-parliamentary confederations. During the FN's 1997 national congress, the FN established the loose

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stated, "It's remarkable that a political party from the motherland of freedom can be funded by Putin's sphere—the largest European enemy of freedom." Marine Le Pen argued that it was not a

4860:) interpretations of the "people", they claim to defend the "average Frenchman" and "common sense", against the "betrayal of inevitably corrupt elites". The party has been also described as 2676:

platform, returned a symbolic FN presence to the National Assembly. By the early 1990s, some mainstream politicians began also employing anti-immigration rhetoric. In the first round of the

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made public a report of Le Pen's alleged involvement in torture during his time in Algeria. In his first participation in a presidential election, Le Pen won only 0.8% of the national vote.

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Sa "mémoire" se structure autour de deux motifs: la violence de masse, et l'intégration de l'extrême droite au jeu politique avec la création par Ordre Nouveau du Front National en 1972.

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Since their entry into the European Parliament in 1979, the National Rally has promoted a message of being pro-Europe, but anti-EU. However, in 2019, the proposal that France leave the

2409:. Following the death of Duprat in a bomb attack in 1978, the revolutionary nationalists left the party, while Stirbois became Le Pen's deputy as his solidarists effectively ousted the 14961: 14763: 12348: 11802: 11525: 8970: 3197:, political commentators noted an increased moderation in the FN's platform that aimed to attract conservative voters, as well as a new image being promoted by the party as a force of 16175: 8495: 15841: 15073: 14386: 14283: 9584: 18473: 14527: 11920: 9850: 9748: 9473: 8857: 16103: 12505: 11897: 5358:

and the EU was removed from the party's manifesto, which has since called for "reform from within" of the union. The party advocates that EU legislation should be initiated by the

16597: 16197: 15805: 15575: 13775: 8991: 13376:'Immigration: Le FN précise ses objectifs chiffrés (et ça change beaucoup)' ('FN defines more precisely its numerical immigration objectives (and that makes a great difference))' 9690: 9560: 15195: 13849: 12770: 2121:

with a record 33.2% of the votes. On 7 July, the RN also won the popular vote (37.06%) in the second round of the snap election, but only won the third highest number of seats.

15107: 19486: 16451: 14845: 14463: 8368: 4920: 19067: 16157: 14428: 9715: 5753:, announced deeper cooperation between their parties. Pursuing her de-demonisation policy, in October 2011, Marine Le Pen, as new president of the National Front, joined the 2927:

the party won 15% of the overall vote (up from 4.5% in 2008). However, due to the French electoral system, the party only won 2 of the 2,026 seats that were up for election.

2758:, it advanced to the second round in 132 constituencies. The FN was arguably more influential at that time than it had been in 1986 with its 35 seats. While Bruno Mégret and 16242: 15891: 15783: 14402: 13462: 13024: 12423: 11779: 8874: 14610: 13315: 11558: 9018: 14896: 14265: 11837: 11693: 8895: 16799: 6448:

the party advanced to the second round of the election for the second time, and doubled the percentage it received in the 2002 presidential election, earning 34%. In the

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Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.

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was elected president of the RN on 5 November 2022, ending Marine Le Pen's period as president of the party. Le Pen remained president of RN's parliamentary group.

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initially considered forming a joint group in the next European Parliament, but ultimately once again declined. In 2024, Farage, in his capacity as the leader of

5037:. During the 1980s, Jean-Marie Le Pen complained about the rising number of "social parasites", and called for deregulation, tax cuts, and the phasing-out of the 1982:. The party advocates a "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving 19688: 17034: 17004: 16974: 16944: 16914: 15941: 14574: 11477: 4958:

The National Rally has sought to restrict Islamic practice in France. In 2011, Marine Le Pen warned that wearing full face veils are "the tip of the iceberg" of

14486: 10438: 3208:, Le Pen again reached the 2nd round with 23.15% of the votes, though she was defeated by incumbent Macron, after receiving 41.45% of the votes in the run-off. 2842:, too, a new system less favourable to the FN had been introduced. The party regained some of its strength from 1999, earning 9.8% of the vote and seven seats. 17463: 15277: 14785: 14337: 13055: 9812: 8945: 5467:

to change their image in their countries ... As far as their partners in Israel are concerned, I myself don't understand the idea of continuing to develop the

18946: 13078: 12722: 11666: 16433: 16336: 15173: 12099: 11959: 8390: 5966: 3138: 14542: 13970: 13824: 13177: 12184: 2712: 2545: 15729: 15234: 14935: 12744: 12397: 357: 16260: 16139: 15063: 13409: 12531: 11981: 8434: 2814:, in which it got 11.3% of the vote. It nevertheless outpolled Mégret's MNR, which had fielded the same number of candidates but won a mere 1.1% support. 15142: 13250: 12037: 4892:. In its 2001 programme, the party linked the breakdown of law and order to immigration, deeming immigration a "mortal threat to civil peace in France." 2377:(PFN), founded by FN dissidents (largely from the ON). Their competition weakened both parties throughout the 1970s. Along with the growing influence of 16286: 12611:"Résultats des législatives 2022 : le Rassemblement national arrive troisième avec 18,68% des voix au premier tour, selon les résultats définitifs" 12142: 12068: 5134:

treaties as foundations for "a supranational entity spelling the end of France." In 2004, the party criticised the EU as "the last stage on the road to

17787: 16505: 16314: 15009: 12164: 9049: 3232: 3142: 16616: 2769:(MNR), effectively splitting the FN in half at most levels. Many of those who joined the new MNR had joined the FN in the mid-1980s, in part from the 12792: 18360: 16368: 16220: 16002: 15335: 8470: 2452:

was even worse off, and the election marked the effective end of competition from the party. The Socialists attained their best ever result with an

2283:

had competed in some local elections since 1970, at its second congress, in June 1972, it decided to establish a new political party to contest the

19507: 17450: 13714: 13206: 11716: 9361: 8828: 5321: 4773: 4045: 3248:

In the 2024 European parliamentary elections, the RN won the most delegates of any single party (30). On 8 July, Bardella became president of the

1886: 1158: 16121: 14362:"€40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen's Front National to take advantage of rivals' woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections" 13375: 13143: 12851: 12554: 19623: 18319: 17313: 15398: 12248: 8329: 8172: 7826: 5601: 15863: 14729: 14087: 12449: 9420: 5843:(PVV) in November 2013, after years of the PVV rejecting collaboration with the FN. Similarly, in December 2013, the FN formed an alliance with 5536:, a RN Member of the European Parliament (MEP), said that many RN leaders held similar opinions as the GI, but sought to hide them from voters. 5048:, which it calls "economic patriotism", and it has advocated populist policies, such as tax cuts for people under 30 years old, and cuts in the 19683: 19628: 15959: 13600: 12369: 9641: 5513: 3937: 1050: 16892: 14225:

Les responsables du Front national érigent volontiers les Émirats en contre-exemple du Qatar, accusé de financer le fondamentalisme islamiste.

14155: 5236:

and called for cooperation with Israel, the United States, Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia to support the economic recovery of Lebanon from the

15634: 14965: 14759: 13575: 12345: 11812: 11535: 8962: 3987: 2633:

electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled, de facto FN deputy leader. The party only got 5% in the

1100: 15663: 14684: 19618: 18435: 16706: 16487: 15923: 15831: 14384: 14301: 14114: 13351: 9588: 5151: 4315: 2533: 2299:. In order to create a broad movement, ON sought to model the new party (as it earlier had sought to model itself) on the more established 1428: 14877: 14519: 13556: 11889: 10731: 9842: 9465: 8849: 4939:(2011) rebellions in several countries, Marine Le Pen campaigned for a halt to the migration of Tunisian and Libyan immigrants to Europe. 2338:, receiving 0.5% of the national vote, although Le Pen won 5% in his Paris constituency. In 1973, the party created a youth movement, the 18480: 16531: 15540: 12501: 11217: 9094: 7972: 7934: 7896: 7868: 7833: 7800: 7765: 7732: 7699: 6449: 6441: 6009: 5943: 3052: 2839: 2774: 2641: 2525: 2426: 262: 17213:

Beauzamy, Brigitte (2013). "Explaining the Rise of the Front National to Electoral Prominence: Multi-Faceted or Contradictory Models?".

16193: 15571: 13771: 11864:"2014 municipal elections: the National Front won 12 cities, elected in 1546 and 459 councilors elected in intercommunal! 31 March 2014" 9180: 8987: 2536:(CNIP). In the 1984 European elections, eleven of the 81 FN candidates came from these parties, while the party's list also included an 18596: 17445: 16736: 15877: 15688: 9552: 2204:

Espousing France's Catholic and monarchist traditions, one of the primary progenitors of the ideology generally promoted by FN was the

329: 18355: 12762: 12636: 5331:

The RN remains divided on relations with Russia, with Bardella stating that he believed Russia was a threat to French security, while

4259: 1372: 17562: 16766: 14065: 8446: 5641: 5147: 15031: 14841: 14455: 8360: 2034:

The party has seen an increase in its popularity and acceptance in French society in recent years. It has been accused of promoting

18605: 17976: 17912: 15775: 14917: 14432: 11982:"French Municipal Elections: Far-Right National Front Scores Impressive Gains, But Hopes For Real Political Power Remain A Fantasy" 8107: 8087: 8067: 8047: 6428: 3064: 2894: 2880:

the FN appeared to have re-emerged on the political scene after surprisingly winning almost 12% of the overall vote and 118 seats.

2849:, Le Pen and Mégret agreed to join forces. Le Pen came 4th in the election with 11% of the vote, and the party won no seats in the 1951: 15513: 13105: 13016: 11775: 8866: 5146:, while it returned to supporting a common European currency to rival the United States dollar. Further, it rejected the possible 2073:, the National Rally changed policies in 2019, deciding to campaign for a reform of the EU rather than leaving it and to keep the 19127: 17292: 16575: 16041: 12823: 12662: 9668: 9008: 5729: 5552:, were ordered to stand trial after they were charged with a scheme which involved paying National Rally party officials through 5237: 2931: 2362: 14900: 14177: 13537: 11689: 10088: 8891: 19678: 19668: 19658: 19653: 17780: 17752: 16796: 16676: 16646: 5916: 4791: 4017: 3823: 1130: 936: 186: 18324: 15433: 13522: 11634: 6004:. Both PiS and Fidesz had previously rejected cooperation with Le Pen in 2019. Orbán subsequently supported Le Pen during the 2680:, the FN soared to 12.7% of the overall vote, but did not win a single seat due to the nature of the electoral system. In the 19643: 18956: 17477: 17328: 17243: 17222: 17195: 17170: 17147: 17126: 16081: 13749: 12010: 11601: 11211: 10421: 9968: 9174: 9088: 8424: 4715: 3275:

The RN success in the European elections led to the dissolution of the French lower house by Emmanuel Macron on 9 June 2024.

1828: 176: 16400: 15744: 14198: 9536: 8306: 19648: 17869: 16824: 16023: 14284:"Leader of France's Rightist Party, Marine Le Pen, in a Sharp Turn After Attack by Hamas, Voices Strong Support for Israel" 13988: 13480: 7668: 6015:

Relations with the AfD deteriorated in early 2024, following Le Pen's disagreements with the AfD members' discussions over

4766: 4177: 1879: 1290: 12282: 11090: 19673: 17897: 17797: 8139: 5954: 5928: 5472: 5139: 4475: 4142: 3753: 2620:, the FN was hurt by the return two-ballot majority voting, by the limited campaign period, and by the departure of many 1588: 1255: 866: 414: 19152: 18951: 18698: 17383: 13115: 12989: 8807: 8777: 8734: 8581: 5454:

During the 2012 presidential election, Marine Le Pen sought the support of Jewish people in France. Interviewed by the

5443:". He has repeated the latter claim several times. In 2004, Bruno Gollnisch said: "I do not question the existence of 5306: 3174:

During a 2021 debate, Marine Le Pen was called "soft" on Islam by the Minister of the Interior in Macron's government,

2177:. Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small, extreme movements such as 19016: 15542:

Transnational Networks of Extreme Right Parties in East Central Europe: Stimuli and Limits of Cross-Border Cooperation

13538:"Islamophobia is the driving force of the French election – as a Muslim hijabi, neither Macron or Le Pen appeal to me" 11467: 3126: 18172: 18160: 18148: 18136: 18124: 18112: 18100: 18088: 17773: 17107: 17038: 17008: 16978: 16948: 16918: 11661: 8753: 8628: 8552: 7249: 7211: 7179: 7152: 7114: 7087: 7055: 7043: 7011: 6445: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6175: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6005: 5872: 5697: 5681: 5581: 5339: 4848:

republic that would bypass traditional political divisions and institutions. Aiming at a unity of the political (the

4357: 3324:

alliance who were expected to win 140-160 seats. Finally, the RN won only 142 seats, ranking third in the election.

3205: 3134: 3070: 2963:

In two polls about presidential favourites, conducted in April and May 2013, Marine le Pen polled ahead of president

2942: 2846: 2806:"to block Le Pen". Following the presidential election, the main centre-right parties merged to form the broad-based 2794: 2681: 2637:, while the RPR announced it would reject any alliance with the FN, a rejections that now included the local level. 2610: 2433: 2346: 2170: 2113: 2105: 2101: 2093: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1470: 18754: 16176:"France, Meloni's compliments to Le Pen: The barriers between the alternative forces to the left have been overcome" 15608: 15267: 14789: 13047: 11656: 8937: 5407:, cosigned a letter asking President Emmanuel Macron to implement proportional representation for future elections. 5118:

to turning against it. In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on pulling France out of the EU and re-introducing the

19613: 19021: 17846: 12091: 11951: 8176: 6924: 6888: 6852: 6811: 6778: 6742: 6706: 6670: 6634: 6598: 6565: 6532: 6494: 6027: 5924: 5785: 5605: 5471:. I consider it a political mistake and would like to make it clear in this context that we must have the right to 5090: 5058: 4036: 3294: 3284: 3212: 3084: 2949: 2850: 2811: 2747: 2677: 2617: 2557: 2457: 2422: 2382: 2335: 2284: 2118: 1149: 15165: 5728:

sought to distance himself from Le Pen, and later attempted to build a separate group. In 2009, the FN joined the

5652:. It was formerly known as the Europe of Nations and Freedom group, during which time it also included the Polish 5181:(along with Spain, Greece and Portugal) – although that policy was dropped in 2019. She also wants to reintroduce 18996: 18312: 13169: 5797: 5261: 4844:. National populists combine the social values of the left and the political values of the right, and advocate a 4759: 4440: 3336: 3152:, former advisor to Donald Trump before and after his 2016 election, gave what has been described as a "populist 3145:

in 2013. On 1 June, Le Pen announced that the name change was approved by party adherents with 80.81% in favour.

2980: 2711:, its fourth town, in a 1997 by-election, where similar policies were subsequently pursued. Vitrolles' new mayor 2692: 2647:

In the wake of FN's electoral success, the immigration debate, growing concerns over Islamic fundamentalism, and

2497: 1872: 1553: 449: 27: 20: 18808: 18533: 13637:"European elections 2014: Marine Le Pen's Front National victory in France is based on anguish, rage and denial" 13399: 6320:

In March 2018, the position of vice-president replaced that of General Secretary. It became a duo in June 2019:

2349:, Le Pen failed to find a mobilising theme for his campaign, since many of its platform's major issues, such as 18589: 15806:"Steve Bannon to address far-right event in France where Marine Le Pen will reveal new name for National Front" 12527: 12216:""Rassemblement national", trop proche de "Rassemblement national populaire", ancien parti collaborationniste?" 9691:"Sénatoriales : le Conseil d'État juge que l'étiquette «extrême droite» doit s'appliquer aux candidats RN" 8609: 8168: 8164: 7758: 7725: 7612: 7562: 7522: 7477: 7437: 7389: 7336: 5668:(formerly the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom) since 2014, which additionally includes Slovakia's 5593: 5573: 5062: 3773: 3194: 2924: 2915: 2877: 2835: 2648: 2634: 2580: 2550: 886: 15138: 14237: 12060: 12029: 9612:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections" 8913:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections" 3121:(National Rally) while keeping the flame as its logo. The new name was put to a vote among all party members. 2722:, who ran in place of her husband Bruno, went further in one significant measure, introducing a special 5,000- 2708: 18748: 18442: 12123: 10725:"Entre 1986 et 1988, les députés FN voulaient rétablir la peine de mort et instaurer la préférence nationale" 8180: 7927: 6420: 6023:. In May 2024, the RN announced it would end its alliance with the AfD in the next European Parliament term. 5789: 5754: 5359: 3718: 3660: 3117:

At the conclusion of the 11 March 2018 party congress in Lille, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to

2935: 2541: 2463:

The "socialist takeover" led to a radicalisation in centre-right, anti-communist, and anti-socialist voters.

831: 773: 371: 16470:"Parlement européen : le RN rompt avec ses alliés allemands de l'AfD après des déclarations sur les SS" 16304: 14999: 13945:"French elections: Why is the rejection of environmentalism a driving force behind France's far-right vote?" 13463:"'What is the headscarf doing in politics?' Muslim headscarves become issue in French presidential campaign" 9045: 4840:'s analysis, include the party in an old French tradition of "national populism" that can be traced back to 19408: 19132: 19122: 18961: 18667: 17969: 17874: 17550: 5829: 5665: 5661: 5633: 5325: 5218: 5201:

in Mali against Islamist militants in the country, because it was at the request of the Malian government.

5190: 5102: 4901: 4889: 4530: 4402: 3838: 3395: 3130: 3036: 3016: 2807: 2766: 2509: 2174: 1643: 1515: 951: 508: 204: 14320:"Israël: "Je souhaite que nous puissions nous y rendre dans les prochains temps", affirme Jordan Bardella" 8689: 8659:

Messina, Anthony (2015). "The political and policy impacts of extreme right parties in time and context".

3312:, However, 2-3 days before the second round, the RN were predicted to win around 170-220 seats. After the 19092: 17995: 12476:"Régionales en Paca : à Marseille, "les LR historiques voteront Thierry Mariani", le candidat du RN" 5448: 5392: 5380: 4537: 4352: 3803: 3693: 3623: 2605:

tone, he presented himself as the representative of the people against the "gang of four" (RPR, UDF, PS,

2042:. While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for 1650: 1465: 916: 806: 736: 161: 19213: 4027: 3289:

In June 2024, the party joined with the micro-party "To the right! Friends of Eric Ciotti", forming the

1140: 19633: 18941: 18466: 17892: 14708: 7379: 6461: 6424: 6222: 6171: 5997: 5021:. This occurred within the framework of a changed international environment, from a battle between the 4966:(which covers the head but not the face) in public. Le Pen also proposed to ban the production of both 4340: 4224: 4075: 3947: 3216: 2505: 1955: 1453: 1337: 1188: 1060: 287: 17334: 16452:"Mayotte: Marine Le Pen «fâchée» contre l'AfD qui s'interroge sur l'appartenance de l'île à la France" 13662: 9391: 5276:

as a "defender of the Christian heritage of European civilisation." The National Front considers that

4127: 1240: 19102: 19082: 18976: 18761: 18644: 18582: 18509: 18417: 18337: 16059: 7294: 5732:; it left the alliance since. Along with some other European parties, the FN in 2010 visited Japan's 5653: 5597: 5585: 5257: 5245: 4461: 4432: 4397: 4305: 2606: 1971: 1574: 1545: 1510: 1418: 343: 242: 18788: 16598:"Présidentielle 2022 : Marine Le Pen cède la tête du RN à Jordan Bardella et lance sa campagne" 14252:"Vote results: Resolution on the situation of journalists in Morocco, notably the case of Omar Radi" 12218:["National Rally", too close to "National People's Rally", former collaborationist party?]. 9645: 8638:

Mayer, Nonna (January 2013). "From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right".

5503:

said the loans "take Moscow's attempt to influence the internal politics of the EU to a new level."

5497:

that this was the first instalment of a €40 million loan, although Marine Le Pen has disputed this.

5379:

later added that the RN would not advocate withdrawing France from the integrated command while the

4696: 4152: 3201:, i.e. the popular right, the social right. The party, nonetheless, fared badly in these elections. 1809: 1265: 19663: 18853: 18624: 17902: 17851: 17818: 17714: 17645: 17526: 16888: 15514:"Patriots for Europe becomes EU parliament's 3rd-largest group, picks Jordan Bardella as president" 14145: 13799:"Comment Marine Le Pen a abandonné le libéralisme pour un programme « social-populiste »" 13500: 7605: 7515: 5721: 5669: 5649: 5617: 5444: 5098: 4877: 4841: 4799: 4686: 4330: 3927: 3480: 3257: 3220: 2938:. In October 2013, Bruno Gollnisch and Jean-Marie Le Pen resigned from their position in the AENM. 2797:, opinion polls had predicted a run-off between incumbent President Chirac and Socialist candidate 2664: 2489: 2444: 2414: 2173:, Le Pen unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate the right-wing vote around presidential candidate 2109: 2003: 1991: 1799: 1443: 1040: 593: 250: 15630: 14871:"Economic Voting and the national Front: Towards a Subregional Understanding of the Extreme-Right" 14696: 14403:"UKRAINE. De Mélenchon à Le Pen, qu'en disent les politiques français ?- 5 mars 2014 – L'Obs" 13885: 13867: 9872: 9327:"Marine Le Pen temporarily steps down as Front National leader to concentrate on presidential bid" 4837: 4244: 3853: 1357: 966: 19333: 18041: 17985: 17962: 17610: 14628:

Lorimer, Marta (2020). "Europe as ideological resource: the case of the Rassemblement National".

14122: 8249:

The system had been designed by Mitterand's party to soften its predicted weakening in the polls.

6289: 5758: 5750: 5693: 5629: 5577: 5097:

was among the few parties to come close to meeting the law, with 49% female candidates; Jospin's

5094: 5074: 5026: 4525: 4372: 4055: 3967: 3858: 3556: 2300: 1638: 1485: 1168: 1080: 971: 669: 19466: 18966: 17431: 16714: 15656: 13347: 11838:"Un an après la présidentielle, Marine Le Pen devancerait François Hollande- 3 mai 2013 – L'Obs" 6273:

The party had five vice presidents between July 2012 and March 2018 (against three previously).

3743: 3419: 2853:. The party's 4.3% support was the lowest score since the 1981 election and only one candidate, 2188: 2085:, citing "an attachment to the European spirit", but to reserve free movement to nationals of a 856: 532: 19591: 19577: 19142: 18743: 17836: 17586: 14870: 14186:

Le Pen says she supported the intervention in Mali, because the Malians asked France to step in

11807: 10724: 8184: 8144: 7965: 7427: 5962: 5613: 5533: 5476: 5233: 4908: 4454: 4387: 4310: 4065: 3535: 3344: 3290: 3269: 2501: 2086: 2039: 1567: 1500: 1423: 1178: 648: 457: 435: 19298: 18981: 18383: 18223: 18057: 16523: 15553: 14918:"Far-right leader Bardella backpedals on taking France out of NATO strategic military command" 14266:"'A Historic Moment': How French Politicians Reacted to France's New Stance on Western Sahara" 11199: 9072: 6392: 6295: 4591: 3354: 2717: 2440: 2390: 2018:

Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to

1704: 467: 19162: 18991: 18672: 17884: 17622: 17353:

Shields, James (2013). "Marine Le Pen and the 'New' FN: A Change of Style or of Substance?".

17158: 16415: 16341: 15704:"Rep. Joe Walsh continues to fan the flames of Islamophobia—and it's accomplishing his goals" 15368:[Financing of the National Front: Russian hackers unveil contacts with the Kremlin]. 15068: 15036: 14491: 12370:"Steve Bannon told a French far-right party to wear the 'racist' label 'as a badge of honor'" 10411: 9160: 5939: 5912: 5859: 5778: 5762: 5657: 5424:

There has been a difference between Marine Le Pen's and her father's opinions concerning the

5285: 5194: 4885: 4861: 4676: 4392: 4209: 3898: 3633: 3591: 3572: 3485: 3179: 3137:

had been managed by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The name had also been used by the FN previously, for

3103: 2508:(UDF) formed alliances with the FN in a number of towns. The most notable result came in the 2421:" with Le Pen being a "puppet of the Jews." The far right was marginalised altogether in the 2320: 2196: 2112:, from 7 to 89 seats. In June 2024, the party, led by its president Jordan Bardella, won the 2010: 1789: 1505: 1322: 1011: 746: 704: 685: 598: 149: 19006: 16744: 8330:"Renowned Nazi hunter in France advises Jews to choose far right over far left in elections" 5942:

in Spain. In 2024, Vox had Le Pen address its conference, despite Vox being a member of the

5883:, distanced himself from the RN, describing its economic agenda as a "disaster" for France. 5504: 4962:

of French culture. In 2021, and again in 2022, Le Pen again proposed banning the wearing of

4923:

2005 FN political poster reading: "Immigrants are going to vote... and you're abstaining?!!"

4570: 3178:. Marine Le Pen called for a "national-unity government" that would include persons such as 3034:

The international media described the results as "historic", and "impressive", although the

1683: 19398: 18931: 18703: 18191: 17941: 17139:

Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front

16078:"Meloni a "Il Corriere della Sera": "In Francia il voto della paura è stato contro Le Pen"" 14055: 9125: 8726: 8690:"The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony" 8268: 6368: 5871:

by Farage, who praised Le Pen and expressed support for her presidential bid. Prior to the

5210: 5205: 5045: 5030: 4584: 4085: 3977: 3798: 3670: 3547: 3374: 3321: 3043: 2910: 2569: 2386: 1697: 1198: 1090: 911: 783: 660: 487: 19238: 16774: 13243:"Projet de lutte contre la prostitution : la morale féministe dépourvue d'efficacité" 9642:"France – Poll gives France's far-right National Front party boost ahead of regional vote" 9553:"Jean-Marie Le Pen, exclu du Front national, fera "bien évidemment" un recours en justice" 5475:– just as we are allowed to criticise any sovereign country – without it being considered 5260:. Bardella has expressed opposition to recognition of Palestinian statehood following the 4264: 3628: 3020: 2964: 2316: 1377: 741: 8: 19567: 19403: 19383: 19308: 19112: 19001: 18986: 18878: 18838: 18737: 18723: 18709: 18369: 17945: 17841: 17690: 17498: 15836: 15041: 13320: 13210: 12424:"Marine le Pen "molle": Les propos de Gérald Darmanin sèment l'embarras au sein de LaREM" 12398:"Ex-Sarkozy minister jumps conservative ship to join French far-right - Channel NewsAsia" 11748: 11563: 11530: 11278: 9386: 7998: 7662: 6337: 6084: 5947: 5685: 5637: 5600:, it chose to distance itself from the FN. From 1999 to 2001, the FN was a member of the 5569: 5557: 5529: 5363: 5343: 5131: 5078: 4735: 4367: 4362: 4194: 4137: 3655: 3561: 3400: 3249: 3040:

suggested that "hopes for real political power remain a fantasy" for the National Front.

3008: 2899: 2751: 2402: 2374: 2180: 2069:(National Rally), and this was confirmed by a ballot of party members. Formerly strongly 1979: 1943: 1848: 1480: 1475: 1307: 1250: 768: 674: 513: 419: 315: 267: 217: 93: 19193: 19047: 18661: 15990: 14611:"Leader of French far-right in EP stands against condemning Orbán's "peace initiatives"" 13927:"Présidentielle : les principaux points du programme diplomatique de Marine Le Pen" 9129: 4577: 4425: 4219: 3047:

Demonstration against the National Front in Paris after the results of the 2014 election

2668:

was the first major test of the relations between the values of the French Republic and

2207: 1690: 1538: 1332: 19540: 19500: 19077: 18629: 17937: 17419: 17270: 16309: 15723: 15549: 14663: 14060: 13605: 13404: 12129: 10443: 9141: 8709: 8676: 8496:"French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack" 6039: 5989: 5793: 5468: 5430: 5311: 5241: 5123: 5093:, the first under the new gender parity provision in the French Constitution, Le Pen's 4943: 4681: 4629: 4605: 4509: 4447: 4105: 4095: 4007: 3883: 3793: 3788: 3643: 3638: 3369: 3215:, for which polling had indicated that FN would win only between 15 to 45 seats in the 3028: 2785: 2059: 1947: 1939: 1794: 1742: 1718: 1622: 1560: 1218: 1208: 1120: 996: 906: 901: 756: 751: 482: 409: 398: 232: 227: 212: 19373: 19338: 19273: 19072: 18888: 18833: 18639: 18285: 18258: 17296: 16559: 15456:"French far-right leader Marine Le Pen to stand trial over alleged misuse of EU funds" 15108:"" Détail de l'histoire " : Marine le Pen en " désaccord profond " avec son père" 12827: 12723:"Le Pen, Orban and the 'Patriots for Europe': Is the EU being undermined from within?" 11776:"2012 French legislative elections: Gard's 2nd constituency (first round and run-off)" 9209: 6178:. He later served as honorary president of the party from January 2011 to August 2015 5904: 5400: 5197:, she opposed the French military involvements. However, the party supported the 2013 5061:

campaign. During this time, Bardella also rescinded the prior RN pledge to repeal the

4214: 4199: 3997: 3778: 3175: 2957: 2378: 2055: 1327: 1312: 1110: 891: 19512: 19378: 19358: 19313: 19223: 18798: 18783: 18634: 18489: 18132: 18120: 18108: 18096: 18084: 18049: 18006: 17805: 17598: 17379: 17324: 17274: 17239: 17218: 17191: 17166: 17143: 17122: 17103: 16567: 15682: 14667: 14655: 13715:"The European far right: actually right? Or left? Or something altogether different?" 13576:"Le Pen is bad, but many French Muslims like me don't want to vote for Macron either" 13228: 13111: 12291: 12134: 11207: 10417: 10080: 10072: 9964: 9170: 9145: 9084: 9073:"A new course for the French radical right? The Front National and "de-demonisation"" 8773: 8749: 8730: 8713: 8680: 8624: 8605: 8577: 8548: 8420: 7704: 7341: 7060: 7016: 6499: 6301: 6133: 6092: 5953:

In 2019, RN MEPs participated in the first international delegation to visit India's

5891: 5840: 5549: 5525: 5436: 5399:

disenfranchises voters. In early 2021, Marine Le Pen, along with centrist politician

5127: 4691: 4650: 4229: 4167: 4157: 3833: 3698: 3530: 3317: 3309: 3265: 3187: 3164: 3099: 2688: 2659: 2480: 2453: 2385:", the FN gained several new groups of supporters in the late 1970s and early 1980s: 2146: 2108:, the National Rally achieved a significant increase in the number of its MPs in the 2081:

for some collectivities). In 2021, Le Pen announced that she wanted to remain in the

2014: 1975: 1804: 1763: 1342: 1280: 1270: 946: 811: 643: 117: 19521: 19268: 19031: 19026: 18843: 18778: 18515: 17813: 16684: 16654: 16261:"Marine le Pen felicita a Vox por su resultado en Andalucía antes de que se conozca" 4636: 3818: 3703: 3000: 2413:

tendency in the party leadership. A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the

1749: 931: 816: 19534: 19413: 19263: 19258: 19087: 18868: 18858: 18562: 17765: 17740: 17362: 17262: 16506:"Diaspora Affairs Minister Chikli Stands by Praise for France's Le Pen – Exclusive" 15892:"Lega, il salto di Salvini. Dai Comunisti padani all'amicizia con l'estrema destra" 14645: 14637: 13741: 12745:"Législatives : le financement politique des partis, l'autre enjeu du scrutin" 12384: 12379: 11626: 11593: 9217: 9133: 8701: 8668: 8647: 8412: 6088: 5935: 5821: 5774: 5766: 5596:

group, while the MSI left due to the Germans' arrival. As the MSI evolved into the

5440: 5396: 5198: 5186: 5135: 4643: 4382: 4295: 4239: 4234: 3863: 3783: 3713: 3708: 3168: 2870: 2704: 2047: 1756: 1495: 1408: 1352: 1347: 976: 896: 826: 821: 19348: 16077: 14641: 14217:"En quête de finances pour 2017, le FN fait les yeux doux aux Émirats arabes unis" 14199:"French far-right leader praises 'model' state Egypt for 'fighting radical Islam'" 13825:"Le Pen's opposition to pension reform, focus on public order 'pays off' in polls" 12913: 8705: 8672: 8407:

Jens Rydgren (2008). "France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism".

6068: 5920: 4189: 3611: 3058: 2354: 2247: 1302: 724: 19454: 19293: 19288: 19283: 19228: 19218: 19198: 19157: 19137: 19097: 19011: 18873: 18678: 18619: 18376: 18266: 18207: 17665: 17435: 17266: 17233: 17181: 17137: 17095: 17091: 16803: 14575:"French far-right party divided over Putin's non-invitation to D-Day anniversary" 14547: 14390: 14366: 13641: 13382: 12860: 12584: 12376: 12352: 12253: 12171: 12016: 9958: 9528: 9331: 9013: 8435:"'The nation state is back': Front National's Marine Le Pen rides on global mood" 8321: 8302: 8258:

if the election had used proportional representation, it would have won 64 seats.

8134: 7939: 6929: 6380: 6313: 6243: 6076: 6052: 5993: 5974: 5895: 5739: 5499: 5458: 5376: 5332: 5324:, attended an event in Donetsk marking the "independence" of the self-proclaimed 5289: 5249: 5081:, highlighting key policies it opposes such as the 2035 ban on fossil fuel cars. 5049: 4990: 4974:

meat. Le Pen says she is "against the visibility of Islam" but not Islam per se.

4828: 4811: 4807: 4500: 4491: 4468: 4290: 4249: 4184: 4132: 3957: 3893: 3848: 3813: 3738: 3728: 3511: 3381: 3320:

were predicted to win around 150-190 seats, slightly ahead of president Macron's

3237: 3160: 3088: 3074: 3012: 2984: 2983:, lists officially supported by the National Front won mayoralties in 12 cities: 2968: 2953: 2759: 2537: 2406: 2394: 2324: 2308: 2304: 2163:, including Le Pen, were part of an inner circle of returned servicemen known as 2097: 2028: 1930: 1912: 1613: 1604: 1581: 1403: 1362: 1297: 1245: 1070: 1006: 961: 926: 851: 841: 624: 494: 301: 121: 70: 19423: 19343: 14056:"A consistent opponent of immigration: Le Pen based appeal on fears about crime" 13984: 12585:"French election result: Macron defeats Le Pen and vows to unite divided France" 6205:

Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the

5985: 4701: 4269: 2739: 2594: 1814: 1382: 19562: 19368: 19278: 19208: 19183: 19107: 18913: 18903: 18893: 18848: 18818: 18574: 18391: 18293: 17545: 17253:

Hainsworth, Paul (2012). "The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen".

15905: 15366:"Financement du FN : des hackers russes dévoilent des échanges au Kremlin" 15303:"Prêt russe au FN : Marine Le Pen publie les refus des banques françaises" 15272: 14812:"Asselineau, le Pen, Dupont-Aignan, Mélenchon… quatre nuances de souverainisme" 6329: 6277: 6187: 6072: 6064: 6031: 5887: 5844: 5673: 5273: 5226: 5167: 5143: 5122:

as the country's national currency. In the early 2000s the party denounced the

5115: 4994: 4881: 4670: 4377: 4254: 4204: 3903: 3808: 3763: 3733: 3665: 3520: 3475: 3410: 2655: 2613:, Le Pen won an unprecedented 14.4% of the vote, and double the votes of 1984. 2576: 2476: 2448: 2398: 2350: 2221: 2154: 2142: 2019: 1999: 1987: 1783: 1490: 1367: 1317: 1016: 921: 876: 846: 778: 633: 588: 523: 88: 19546: 18828: 18823: 16122:"Insight: Meloni, Le Pen rift mars far right's prospects of wielding EU power" 16104:"The far-right rift between France's Marine Le Pen and Italy's Giorgia Meloni" 15000:"Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l'Occupation" 14338:"France's far-right leader 'unfavourable to recognition of Palestinian state'" 13886:"French businesses court Marine Le Pen after taking fright at left's policies" 9250: 6238: 6001: 5725: 5419: 4162: 4147: 3758: 1275: 1260: 871: 51: 19607: 19493: 19318: 19243: 18936: 18908: 18803: 18556: 18551: 18231: 18168: 18156: 18144: 18065: 18014: 17538: 17393: 16571: 16369:"À Bruxelles, Le Pen loue le "bienfaisant courage" de la Pologne face à l'UE" 15964: 15230: 15200: 14659: 12847: 12450:"Marine le Pen promet un " gouvernement d'union nationale " si elle est élue" 12295: 12138: 11921:"Far-Right Front National makes historic gains in French municipal elections" 10084: 8416: 8015: 7901: 7567: 7184: 6816: 6398: 6307: 6192: 6056: 5958: 5852: 5813: 5770: 5746: 5717: 5625: 5545: 5281: 5155: 5038: 5034: 5018: 5014: 5007: 4815: 4786: 4747: 4563: 4335: 4300: 4172: 3888: 3768: 3748: 3584: 3525: 3261: 3092: 2903: 2858: 2854: 2798: 2625: 2609:), while the central theme of his campaign was "national preference". In the 2579:

reinstated the two-round system of majority voting for the next election. In

2565: 2089:

country, excluding residents of and visitors from another Schengen country.

2082: 2023: 1995: 1860: 1676: 1448: 1413: 1285: 1001: 881: 861: 697: 638: 106: 19147: 17925: 16810: 16434:"Le Pen questions EU-level alliance with AfD, spelling trouble for ID unity" 14429:"Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU – best option| Ukrinform" 13850:"As Bardella becomes more like Macron, his party becomes more like Meloni's" 13207:"Marine Le Pen: I would hold a referendum on reinstating the death penalty." 9749:"Marine Le Pen annonce que le Front national devient Rassemblement national" 9210:"Le Front national français dans l'espace des droites radicales européennes" 6128: 5608:

group. Between the mentioned groups, the party sat among the non-affiliated

5428:

and Jews. In 2005, Jean-Marie Le Pen wrote in the far-right weekly magazine

4911:, on the grounds that it would negatively affect the safety of sex workers. 4325: 1438: 19587: 19582: 19460: 19447: 19388: 19353: 19323: 19253: 19248: 19062: 18971: 18898: 18863: 18813: 18793: 18685: 16337:"22 of 27 EU parliamentarians visiting Kashmir are from Right-wing parties" 16287:"Meloni, Orbán, Le Pen back Spanish far right in 'battle against Brussels'" 16140:"Le Pen praises Salvini's previous anti-migration efforts, tackling Meloni" 13079:"Europeans favoring right-wing populist parties are more positive on Putin" 12356: 9585:"Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National" 9362:"France's far right replaces Le Pen with Jordan Bardella – DW – 11/05/2022" 9077:

Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?

9046:"Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales?" 7860: 7792: 5970: 5876: 5863: 5851:, which had previously eschewed cooperation with the FN when it was led by 5833: 5825: 5805: 5701: 5609: 5404: 5301: 5296: 5182: 5114:

From the 1980s to the 1990s, the party's policy shifted from favouring the

4998: 4978: 4959: 4518: 3908: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3843: 3828: 3675: 3577: 3443: 3183: 3149: 2723: 2256: 2104:, she lost to Macron in the run-off, receiving 41.45% of the votes. In the 2051: 1631: 1021: 991: 986: 981: 956: 941: 788: 690: 556: 16042:"Nigel Farage: Marine Le Pen's economics would be 'a disaster' for France" 15598: 14238:"Le parti de Marine le Pen s'attaque à l'Algérie et fait l'éloge du Maroc" 12324:

Wear 'racist' like a badge of honour, Bannon tells French far-right summit

9221: 9116:

Forchtner, Bernhard (September 2019). "Climate change and the far right".

3723: 3450: 2575:

The party's time in the National Assembly effectively came to an end when

2373:

Following the 1974 election, the FN was obscured by the appearance of the

836: 563: 19440: 19418: 19393: 19363: 19328: 19203: 19188: 19178: 18883: 18239: 18215: 18033: 17828: 17683: 17593: 17486: 15776:"Marine Le Pen rencontre un élu américain connu pour ses propos racistes" 15307: 14150: 12690:"Bardella heads Patriots for Europe, EU Parliament's third-largest group" 12165:

Les Patriotes: How Le Pen's ex-protégé hopes to win over French far right

9813:"Après l'euro et le Frexit, nouveau revirement européen de Marine Le Pen" 6404: 6386: 6324: 6283: 6080: 6060: 6016: 5900: 5704:

and most former ID members, with Bardella ultimately chairing the group.

5677: 5645: 5589: 5003: 4936: 4819: 4803: 4708: 3618: 3504: 3436: 3431: 3405: 2862: 2410: 2358: 2138: 2070: 2043: 1821: 731: 617: 549: 544: 518: 255: 83: 17366: 16158:"Le Pen draws closer to Meloni and distances herself from Germany's AfD" 15832:"French MPs demand inquiry into Steve Bannon's links with Marine Le Pen" 15235:"Far-right Front National's Russian loan: '31 mln euros more to follow'" 14730:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro" 14650: 14088:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro" 13433:"Marine Le Pen revendique la « brutalité » contre l'islamisme" 12793:"French elections: Here's who voted for the different political parties" 9780:"Le Pen's Rassemblement National revises stance towards EU and the euro" 9669:"How Marine Le Pen turned respectable (and why you shouldn't be fooled)" 9162:

The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication

8651: 6034:

expressed support for Le Pen and the National Rally, and suggested that

3106:, on the grounds that the FN had "softened" its position on leaving the 2735: 19571: 18716: 17446:

Has Marine Le Pen made France's Front National respectable? RFI English

16243:"Putin's allies in the European Parliament rally around Le Pen's party" 15603: 14487:"Poutine et le FN : révélations sur les réseaux russes des Le Pen" 14302:"Marine Le Pen courts French Jews as far left refuses to condemn Hamas" 13225:"Le Pen is willing to hold death penalty referendum if she is elected." 9075:. In Akkerman, Tjitske; de Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.). 5927:

since 2021. The RN was critical of the decision to allow the Bulgarian

5817: 5712: 5253: 5213:'s opposition to Islamism with the more pro-Islamist position taken by 5022: 4897: 4845: 4798:

The party's ideology has been broadly described by scholars, including

3566: 3540: 3313: 3078: 2834:

A new electoral system of two-round voting had been introduced for the

2328: 2035: 679: 653: 171: 19528: 14251: 13144:"Who is Marine Le Pen and what are her French election 2022 policies?" 12528:"Elections régionales : En Aveyron, le RN veut séduire la droite" 9009:"France – A Guide to Europe's Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups" 8530:

Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to the National Rally as

5342:, Le Pen supported sending non-lethal defensive aid to Ukraine in the 4619: 3024: 2425:, although the PFN came out better off. In the first election for the 2065:

At the FN congress of 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party

1732: 19303: 19233: 18199: 17293:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right" 17187: 16401:"Marine Le Pen and Eric Zemmour face off in rival rallies – POLITICO" 15878:"Le Pen plans for far-right Parliament group fall foul of Bossi move" 15239: 14936:"Proportionnelle: Bayrou, Bayou, le Pen et Lagarde écrivent à Macron" 14709:"EU vote may shift power in main euro zone states, stall integration" 14543:"Marine Le Pen's Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk" 13523:"Marine Le Pen, Islamophobia, and the polarization of French society" 13316:"Marine Le Pen planning Italy trip to condemn North African refugees" 12824:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right" 11559:"Far-Right National Front performs well in French regional elections" 9166: 9080: 6374: 5880: 5848: 5621: 5494: 5425: 5222: 5013:

The party's economic policy shifted from the 1980s to the 1990s from

4823: 4598: 3492: 3457: 3308:, the National Rally were expected to get 230-270 seats, close to an 2918:, with regions where the National Front gained the most votes in grey 2873:. Twenty permanent employees of the FN were also dismissed in 2008. 2827: 2700: 2212:, founded at the end of the 19th century, and its descendants in the 2130: 2078: 1711: 605: 570: 18458: 17413: 16024:"Farage, Polish populists dash far-right hopes of grand EU alliance" 13110:. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. p. 2. 13048:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party" 12555:"Le Pen's far-right party suffers blow in French regional elections" 12185:"Marine Le Pen propose de rebaptiser le FN "Rassemblement national"" 9843:"Marine Le Pen n'envisage plus de suspendre les accords de Schengen" 9716:"Marine Le Pen propose de renommer le FN " Rassemblement national "" 9466:"Jean-Marie Le Pen fined again for dismissing Holocaust as 'detail'" 9137: 8938:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party" 5745:

At a conference in 2011, the two new leaders of the FN and the FPÖ,

5154:. In other issues, Le Pen opposed the invasions of Iraq, led by the 2992: 2822: 391: 18692: 17861: 17617: 17605: 17441:

Nations Presse Info, an information Website near the National Front

16825:"Jordan Bardella promu 2e vice-président du Rassemblement national" 16488:"France's Macron slams Israeli minister's backing of Marine Le Pen" 16373: 15399:"France's National Rally links to violent far-right group revealed" 15370: 15004: 13971:"French elections: Far-right's proposals go against the Green Deal" 13485: 13103: 12220: 10326: 8240:

The 1984 European election used proportional representation system.

5809: 5734: 5689: 5539: 5508: 5355: 5225:. It praised the 2024 recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the 5163: 5159: 5150:. The FN was also one of several parties that backed France's 2005 4981:

by many. The party has connected immigration to Islamic terrorism.

4833: 4612: 3648: 3426: 3390: 3253: 3153: 2930:

At the end of 2011, the National Front withdrew from the far-right

2765:

Mégret and his faction left the FN in January 1999 and founded the

2673: 2602: 2217: 2134: 2013:

to be the legitimate political vehicle for the far-right movement.

1725: 761: 539: 503: 17159:"France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right" 12637:"France: Marine Le Pen's National Rally estimated to win 89 seats" 12283:"'Let Them Call You Racists': Bannon's Pep Talk to National Front" 12030:"Far-right National Front stuns French elite with EU 'earthquake'" 11952:"France's National Front Scores Historic Win in European Election" 9442:"Marine Le Pen National Front leader | Who is Marine Le Pen?" 6349:

The position of General Secretary was held between 1972 and 2018:

5816:. In February 2017, two more conservative Republican Congressmen, 5784:

During her 2012 visit to the United States, Marine Le Pen met two

1958:

since 2022. Its candidate was defeated in the second round in the

17954: 17640: 17557: 17533: 17521: 17440: 13904:"Bardella goes back on promise to repeal Macron's pension reform" 13282: 13280: 13107:

Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe

8574:

Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe

6020: 5708: 5480: 5462: 5277: 5171: 4919: 3499: 2996: 2988: 2802: 2418: 612: 16305:"India Finally Lets Lawmakers into Kashmir: Far-Right Europeans" 16003:"Brexit party in talks to join far-right group in EU parliament" 15196:"Europe is trying to keep Russia from influencing its elections" 13015:

Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).

11803:"Anti-Euro Le Pen Party Wins First Parliament Seats in 15 Years" 11274:"French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen sets retirement date" 10463: 9304: 8865:

Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).

8604:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 91–120. 5528:

uncovered links between high-ranking National Rally figures and

5142:." It also proposed breaking all institutional ties back to the 18730: 17569: 17451:

Marine Le Pen's Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism

17376:

The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy

17064: 13772:"Macron-Le Pen face-off: EU supporter vs. economic nationalist" 11472: 9494:"Jean-Marie Le Pen condamné pour incitation à la haine raciale" 8963:"The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe's new far right" 8770:

The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy

8471:"Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu "protectionniste au sens large"" 8280:

The proportional representation was used in the 1986 elections.

6452:

the rebranded National Rally retained its spot as first party.

5981: 5455: 5317: 4989:

At the end of the 1970s, Jean-Marie Le Pen broke away from the

4971: 3316:

on 7th July, that figure was reduced to 120-170 seats, and the

3059:

Presidential and parliamentary election, rebranding (2017–2022)

3004: 2755: 2696: 2150: 2145:

and on right-wing dismay over the decision by French President

17455: 14760:"Retreating Eurosceptics now settle for 'reforms from within'" 13868:"France's far-right chief pledges to clean up public finances" 13601:"Marine Le Pen's Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France" 13481:"France's Marine Le Pen says she's not waging a religious war" 13277: 12868: 12346:"Steve Bannon tells French far-right 'history is on our side'" 11499: 10546: 8267:

It had won a mayorship only once before, in the small town of

6298:, in charge of elections and electoral litigations (2012–2018) 5229:

and suggested the French government should have acted sooner.

2644:, the FN held on to its ten seats, winning 11.7% of the vote. 19117: 19057: 19052: 17581: 15942:"Geert Wilders invites Nigel Farage to join anti-EU alliance" 13501:"Marine Le Pen backs European election alliance with Wilders" 12763:"Publication des candidatures et des résultats aux élections" 12502:"Le parti de Marine le Pen engrange les ralliements à droite" 12058: 10040: 8213: 8201: 6035: 5801: 5264:, on the grounds that this would be "recognising terrorism". 5214: 5119: 4967: 4963: 4557: 2669: 2513: 1670: 164: 15960:"Inevitably, Nigel Farage and Marine Le Pen are now buddies" 15924:"Le Pen's National Front fail to woo Britain's Eurosceptics" 14962:"Le Pen repeats slur that Nazi gas chambers were a 'detail'" 14003: 13557:"The French culture war over Islam shows no sign of abating" 11744:"Marion Le Pen becomes youngest French MP in modern history" 10028: 6008:. Morawiecki later expressed openness to the RN joining the 5824:, also met with Le Pen in Paris. The party also has ties to 5584:. Following the 1989 election, it teamed up with the German 2810:(UMP). The FN failed to hold on to Le Pen's support for the 2096:, receiving 33.9% of the votes in the run-off and losing to 19068:

Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain

17235:

The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power

17163:

The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis

17119:

The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power

15032:"Bruno Gollnisch condamné pour ses propos sur l'Holocauste" 14115:"France's Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro" 13385:. 20minutes.fr, 5 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2016. 13265: 12249:"Marine Le Pen sparks row over new name for Front National" 11396: 11162: 10943: 10895: 10379: 10314: 10302: 10290: 10222: 10016: 8602:

The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis

8303:"Vive la difference – has France's Front National changed?" 8207: 6310:, in charge of local executives and supervision (2014–2018) 5420:

Opinions on the holocaust, and relations with Jewish groups

5178: 3226: 3111: 2750:, the FN polled its best-ever result with 15.3% support in 2742:

and his faction broke out from the FN to form the MNR party

2730: 2074: 1983: 16864: 16862: 16860: 16858: 16856: 16854: 16852: 16850: 14520:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender" 14034: 14032: 14030: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13679: 13297: 13295: 12948: 12946: 11468:"Après le "Paquebot", Le Pen vend sa 605 blindée sur eBay" 11449: 11447: 11374: 11372: 11347: 11345: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11303: 11301: 11181: 11179: 11177: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11025: 11023: 11021: 10984: 10982: 10822: 10820: 10278: 9977: 8850:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender" 8621:

The Radical Right in Western Europe A Comparative Analysis

8526: 8524: 3095:

became the youngest ever member of the French parliament.

2287:. The party was launched on 5 October 1972 under the name 17429:

FNinfos, the official website of National Front activists

15268:"Is the Kremlin financing Europe's right-wing populists?" 14015: 13017:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms" 13014: 11627:"France's National Front picks Marine Le Pen as new head" 11408: 11357: 11244: 11150: 11109: 11006: 10994: 10919: 10861: 10859: 10832: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10691: 10689: 10652: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10629: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10486: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10241: 10239: 10237: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10183: 10181: 10006: 10004: 8867:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms" 8864: 8746:

France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism

8723:

The Far Right Today and The ideology of the extreme right

8219: 5868: 5366:, and that French laws should have primacy over EU laws. 4942:

In November 2015, the party stated as its goal to have a

4907:

The party opposed the 2016 criminalisation of the use of

3125:

had already been used as the name of a French party, the

1978:, protection of French identity, and stricter control of 15599:"Austrian far-right in fresh push for EU respectability" 14178:"French Military Operations in Africa Unpopular at Home" 13921: 13919: 13917: 12174:. France 24, 18 December 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 10955: 10706: 10704: 10674: 10501: 10499: 10391: 10350: 10266: 10256: 10254: 10193: 10166: 10154: 10144: 10142: 9938: 9926: 9914: 9902: 8447:"Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working" 6395:(2010–2011; interim period during the internal campaign) 6150:

party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in

16847: 15864:"Le Pen and Wilders unite to form eurosceptic alliance" 15494: 15482: 15470: 15088: 14980: 14593:"Bardella: No troops or long-range missiles to Ukraine" 14027: 13695: 13676: 13292: 12990:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections" 12970: 12958: 12943: 12931: 12124:"Why Macron Won: Luck, Skill and France's Dark History" 11594:"Marine Le Pen 'chosen to lead Frances National Front'" 11526:"La Peugeot de Le Pen à nouveau mise en vente sur ebay" 11444: 11432: 11420: 11384: 11369: 11342: 11330: 11313: 11298: 11232: 11174: 11138: 11121: 11071: 11059: 11047: 11035: 11018: 10979: 10967: 10907: 10883: 10871: 10817: 10103: 9989: 9890: 9710: 9708: 9231: 8808:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections" 8521: 6225:

since 2017. Under her leadership the party was renamed

5553: 4884:, harsher sentencing, increased prison capacity, and a 3243: 3107: 2357:, and generally the creation of a "French and European 15139:"The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote" 14899:. Enquete&Debat. 23 September 2014. Archived from 10931: 10856: 10844: 10805: 10793: 10758: 10746: 10686: 10639: 10618: 10606: 10594: 10511: 10475: 10362: 10234: 10205: 10178: 10127: 10115: 10001: 9873:"Left-wing surge thwarts far right in French election" 9743: 9741: 9292: 6286:, in charge of training and demonstrations (2011–2018) 5519: 1986:'s integrated command. It also supports reform of the 17428: 17215:

Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse

16194:"Geert Wilders voit Marine le Pen présidente en 2017" 15991:

https://x.com/EuropeElects/status/1129133778717282309

15040:(in French). Reuters. 18 January 2007. Archived from 14897:"Marine Le Pen, entre souverainisme et identitarisme" 14456:"We should beware Russia's links with Europe's right" 13914: 13400:"Marine Le Pen, France's (Kinder, Gentler) Extremist" 10781: 10701: 10662: 10582: 10570: 10558: 10534: 10496: 10338: 10251: 10139: 10052: 9419:. Policy-network.net. 22 January 2015. Archived from 6304:, in charge of strategy and communication (2012–2017) 5576:

after the 1984 election, which also consisted of the

3069:

On 24 April 2017, a day after the first round of the

2471: 26:"Front National" redirects here. For other uses, see 17795: 17314:"France: The historic victory of the Front National" 15906:"Warfare between Eurosceptic camps: Le Pen v Farage" 15434:"France's Marine Le Pen to Face Trial Over Spending" 13707: 13046:

Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).

11717:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy" 10413:

Political parties and the collapse of the old orders

9705: 9529:"France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended" 8936:

Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).

8829:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy" 6221:

from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the

5484:

development of radical Islam in problematic areas".

5335:suggested it was not a threat to France or Europe. 3252:, originally founded by Viktor Orbán with the Czech 2401:(1984) and his Catholic fundamentalists, as well as 2129:

The party's ideological roots can be traced to both

17284:

Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902

12992:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015. 11690:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll" 9738: 8892:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll" 8810:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015. 8593:

Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902

5386: 5174:in 1990, and subsequently considered him a friend. 5152:

rejection of the Treaty for a European Constitution

3051:The National Front received 4,712,461 votes in the 2327:'s Justice and Liberty movement; as well as former 19639:Member parties of the Identity and Democracy Party 17183:The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen 15572:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo" 15064:"Bruno Gollnisch blanchi par la Cour de cassation" 12281: 12122: 9587:. openeurope.org.uk. 23 March 2015. Archived from 8988:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo" 8572:Hobolt, Sara; De Vries, Catherine (16 June 2020). 2974: 2077:as the main currency of France (together with the 17217:. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 177–190. 16707:"Marie-Christine Arnautu: Functions in the party" 16617:"F. Philippot becomes a vice president of the FN" 13170:"Marine Le Pen's plan to make France great again" 13167: 9417:"The French National Front: On its way to power?" 5812:, whom Le Pen complimented for his stance on the 5572:. The first group it helped co-establish was the 4836:. Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg, following 2466: 19605: 18604: 17319:. In De Sio L.; Emanuele V.; Maggini N. (eds.). 15728:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 13742:"French National Front: Far right or hard left?" 13045: 12320: 11778:(in French). Minister of the Interior (France). 8935: 8352: 5711:group, which consisted of a variety of European 5540:Alleged payment of party officials with EU funds 5479:. After all, the National Front has always been 2981:municipal elections held on 23 and 30 March 2014 2888: 2691:(and thus the mayorship) in three cities in the 2517:monumental turning point in the rise of the FN. 2483:, leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011 2273:Logo of the National Front between 1972 and 2007 17157:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. (1997). 17156: 16413: 15297: 15295: 13286: 12061:"The National Front's victory: France in shock" 10552: 10469: 10046: 9118:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 8618: 8599: 6419:As of February 2023, the National Rally has 88 6217:French presidential elections. She served as a 5256:policies over time, particularly following the 1990:(EU) and its related organisations as well as 19689:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic 16018: 16016: 14842:"Ce que Marine le Pen propose pour la défense" 13663:"What does France's National Front stand for?" 13634: 13104:Catherine E. De Vries; Sara B. Hobolt (2020). 12092:"France Shaken by National Front 'Earthquake'" 11832: 11830: 11197: 9609: 8571: 8196:Other customary colours include the following: 5967:revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir 5911:In addition, the party has had relations with 5568:The FN has been part of several groups in the 4316:National Centre of Independents & Peasants 3938:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism 3233:National Rally–The Republicans alliance crisis 2780: 2307:'s Party of French Unity; "nationalists" from 2009:The party was founded in 1972, created by the 1429:National Centre of Independents & Peasants 1051:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism 18590: 18474: 17970: 17781: 17471: 17065:"Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2017" 16737:"Jean-François Jalkh: Functions in the party" 15745:"Marine Le Pen's awkward day on Capitol Hill" 14355: 14353: 14351: 14112: 12059:Charlemagne European politics (26 May 2014). 9251:"22 MESURES POUR 2022 (22 measures for 2022)" 9044:Garnier, Christophe-Cécil (7 December 2015). 6444:, when it gained 24% of the vote. During the 6170:. He served several terms as a deputy of the 5800:, who is known for his strong stance against 4767: 3988:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 3186:on the left, such as former economy minister 3139:its parliamentary group between 1986 and 1988 2883: 2684:, votes for Le Pen rose to 15% of the total. 2628:comments made by Le Pen and the FN newspaper 2368: 1880: 1101:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 18436:Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom 17090: 15710:. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017 15358: 15336:"Marine Le Pen justifie le prêt russe du FN" 15292: 15225: 15223: 14431:. Ukrinform.ua. 26 June 2013. Archived from 14009: 13739: 12874: 12842: 12755: 12738: 12736: 11890:"The French Right Scores a Historic Victory" 10320: 10296: 9275: 8960: 8619:McGann, Anthony; Kitschelt, Herbert (1997). 8600:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony (1995). 8561: 8406: 8025: 7202: 7170: 7105: 7078: 7034: 5580:(MSI), its early inspiration, and the Greek 5439:as "a point of detail of the history of the 4706: 4535: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4473: 4459: 4445: 4423: 3609: 3582: 3545: 3509: 3490: 3441: 3417: 3379: 3278: 2914:Results by region at the first round of the 2789:Logo for Le Pen's 2002 presidential campaign 2587: 2534:National Centre of Independents and Peasants 2205: 2194: 2186: 2178: 2164: 2158: 2149:to abandon his promise of holding on to the 1819: 1648: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1602: 1586: 1572: 1558: 1536: 722: 695: 658: 622: 603: 554: 530: 492: 18947:Fédération d'action nationale et européenne 17165:. University of Michigan. pp. 91–120. 16767:"Florian Philippot: Functions in the party" 16013: 15024: 11827: 8543:Azéma, Jean-Pierre; Winock, Michel (1994). 8542: 6010:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 5946:; after the election, Vox joined the RN in 5944:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 5487: 5473:criticise the policy of the State of Israel 5177:Marine Le Pen advocated France leaving the 4876:In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on a 2544:- although in unwinnable positions. Former 18597: 18583: 18481: 18467: 17977: 17963: 17788: 17774: 17478: 17464: 17418: 17252: 14964:. France 24. 27 March 2009. Archived from 14697:"European elections 2019 – as it happened" 14348: 13555:Esposti, Emanuelle Degli; Chaplin, Chris. 13554: 6414: 6019:and the AfD questioning French control of 5934:Since 2018, the RN has had relations with 5867:interviewed for the British radio station 5604:. In 2007, it was part of the short-lived 5563: 5391:The National Rally has advocated for full 5272:Marine Le Pen described Russian President 5073:Le Pen does not plan to withdraw from the 5044:Under Marine Le Pen, the RN has supported 4774: 4760: 2488:indistinguishable, particularly after the 1887: 1873: 397: 17321:The European Parliament Elections of 2014 15259: 15220: 14649: 14534: 14511: 14478: 14447: 14405:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 5 March 2014. 14359: 14049: 14047: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13039: 13008: 12733: 12663:"The makeover of France's National Rally" 12273: 11657:"Résultats des élections Cantonales 2011" 11204:The concise Oxford dictionary of politics 11198:McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009). 9158: 9115: 8910: 8361:"The rise and rise of France's far right" 8300: 6292:, in charge of social affairs (2011–2018) 3143:National Institute of Industrial Property 2237: 17212: 17035:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2021" 17005:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2015" 16975:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2010" 16945:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2004" 16915:"Résultat des élections Régionales 1998" 15773: 15596: 15137:Boitiaux, Charlotte (14 December 2011). 15136: 14137: 13598: 13573: 13535: 13430: 13393: 13391: 12982: 12742: 12687: 12552: 12279: 12246: 12213: 12120: 12089: 11949: 11735: 11621: 11619: 11588: 11586: 11267: 11265: 11263: 11261: 11259: 9777: 9279:Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea 8786: 7047: 5804:, which Domenic Powell argues, rises to 5375:structure, which France joined in 2009. 5309:were a "pro-Russian bloc." In 2014, the 4953: 4918: 4785: 3227:Jordan Bardella's leadership (from 2022) 3065:2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign 3042: 2909: 2898: 2895:2012 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign 2821: 2784: 2734: 2731:Turmoil and split of the MNR (1997–2002) 2475: 19128:National Council of European Resistance 17373: 17352: 17179: 17135: 16883: 16881: 16879: 16877: 16868: 16557: 15742: 15569: 15500: 15488: 15476: 15094: 14986: 14627: 14484: 14453: 14113:Georgiopoulos, George (20 March 2011). 14038: 14021: 13701: 13689: 13313: 13301: 13271: 12976: 12964: 12952: 12937: 12816: 11840:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 3 May 2013. 11800: 11453: 11438: 11426: 11414: 11402: 11390: 11378: 11363: 11351: 11336: 11324: 11307: 11250: 11238: 11185: 11168: 11156: 11144: 11132: 11115: 11077: 11065: 11053: 11041: 11029: 11012: 11000: 10988: 10973: 10961: 10949: 10937: 10925: 10913: 10901: 10889: 10877: 10865: 10850: 10838: 10826: 10811: 10799: 10787: 10775: 10752: 10710: 10695: 10680: 10668: 10656: 10633: 10612: 10600: 10588: 10576: 10564: 10540: 10528: 10505: 10490: 10439:"The Many Lives of François Mitterrand" 10397: 10385: 10373: 10356: 10344: 10332: 10308: 10284: 10272: 10260: 10245: 10228: 10216: 10199: 10187: 10172: 10160: 10148: 10133: 10121: 10109: 10070: 10058: 10034: 10022: 10010: 9995: 9983: 9963:. University of Michigan. p. 193. 9944: 9932: 9920: 9908: 9666: 9321: 9319: 9310: 9298: 9043: 8985: 8767: 8762: 8743: 8658: 8566: 8411:. Link.springer.com. pp. 166–180. 8391:"Le RN affirmé avoir 100,000 adhérents" 5730:Alliance of European National Movements 5544:In December 2023, 28 people, including 2932:Alliance of European National Movements 2334:The National Front fared poorly in the 2092:Le Pen reached the second round of the 434: The RN is considered part of the 19624:Anti-Islam political parties in Europe 19606: 17398:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 17392: 17231: 17116: 16627:from the original on 26 September 2013 16553: 16551: 16549: 15701: 15687:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 15431: 15333: 15229: 15163: 14883:from the original on 24 September 2015 14685:"European far right hails Brexit vote" 14517: 14044: 13822: 13796: 13649:from the original on 25 September 2015 13450: 13397: 13201: 13199: 13197: 13195: 13141: 13137: 13135: 13133: 13076: 12853:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 11918: 11741: 11687: 11556: 11523: 11271: 11220:from the original on 27 September 2021 9896: 9667:Vinocur, Nicholas (12 February 2024). 9622:from the original on 25 September 2015 9237: 9207: 9183:from the original on 27 September 2021 9097:from the original on 26 September 2021 9070: 8923:from the original on 25 September 2015 8889: 8847: 8687: 8545:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 8493: 8481:from the original on 27 September 2015 8327: 8301:Gatehouse, Gabriel (5 December 2015). 7656: 6344: 5886:Though the FN had close contacts with 5808:and three-time presidential candidate 5724:(FPÖ) refused to join the efforts, as 5642:Conservative People's Party of Estonia 5204:Le Pen has praised Egyptian President 4792:Department for Protection and Security 4436:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge) 2906:, National Front president (2011–2022) 2817: 1549:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge) 187:Department for Protection and Security 19684:Political parties established in 1972 19629:Far-right political parties in France 18957:French and European Nationalist Party 18578: 18488: 18462: 17958: 17769: 17459: 17311: 17290: 16895:from the original on 24 February 2017 16797:Marine Le Pen rempile à la tête du FN 16677:"Louis Aliot: Functions in the party" 16647:"Alain Jamet: Functions in the party" 16317:from the original on 24 December 2019 16060:"Nigel Farage turns on Marine Le Pen" 15774:Levenson, Claire (14 February 2017). 15637:from the original on 10 November 2017 15578:from the original on 15 February 2011 15538: 15409:from the original on 2 September 2019 15280:from the original on 16 February 2015 15265: 15145:from the original on 30 December 2011 14848:from the original on 13 November 2013 14530:from the original on 29 January 2015. 14518:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). 14499:from the original on 29 November 2014 14485:Jauvert, Vincent (27 November 2014). 14409:from the original on 17 December 2014 14053: 13991:from the original on 12 February 2003 13525:. The ILR School, Cornell University. 13388: 13168:Vinocur, Nicholas (4 February 2017). 12821: 12707:"Bardella se récupère à Strasbourg". 12302:from the original on 15 February 2021 11714: 11616: 11583: 11465: 11256: 11191: 11097:from the original on 28 December 2014 10734:from the original on 12 December 2016 10722: 10436: 10409: 9853:from the original on 19 February 2021 9823:from the original on 21 February 2021 9807: 9805: 9790:from the original on 25 February 2021 9688: 9524:Jean-Marie suspension and expulsion: 9504:from the original on 25 February 2021 9356: 9354: 9339:from the original on 6 September 2017 9021:from the original on 27 February 2016 8994:from the original on 15 February 2011 8860:from the original on 29 January 2015. 8848:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). 8826: 8720: 8637: 8358: 5836:, and addressed an RN event in 2018. 5267: 5252:. The party has shifted towards more 4993:heritage of Poujadism and espoused a 4716:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau 3159:In January 2019, ex-Sarkozy minister 2851:legislative election of the same year 2417:, dismissing the FN as becoming "too 2293:Front national pour l'unité française 2220:group that supports the claim of the 2054:, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of " 1929: 1911: 1829:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau 358:Presidencies of Departmental Councils 177:Rassemblement national de la jeunesse 17757:Foundation of Identity and Democracy 17281: 17045:from the original on 7 November 2021 17015:from the original on 7 November 2021 16955:from the original on 7 November 2021 16925:from the original on 29 October 2021 16874: 16381:from the original on 25 October 2021 16218: 15611:from the original on 7 November 2021 15570:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). 15552:. pp. 11–13, 24. Archived from 15396: 15247:from the original on 14 January 2016 15176:from the original on 11 January 2011 15076:from the original on 7 November 2021 14740:from the original on 20 January 2020 14540: 14466:from the original on 1 December 2016 14360:Lichfield, John (27 November 2014). 14143: 14094:from the original on 20 January 2020 13431:Johannès, Franck (30 January 2021). 13348:"Net migration – France | Data" 13180:from the original on 5 February 2017 12261:from the original on 15 October 2018 12228:from the original on 15 October 2018 12027: 11992:from the original on 13 January 2015 9563:from the original on 8 December 2015 9448:from the original on 23 January 2015 9439: 9316: 8986:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). 8590: 7669:Elections to the European Parliament 7288: 6455: 6000:leader and Slovenian Prime Minister 5984:leader and Hungarian Prime Minister 5320:. In May 2015, one of her advisers, 5185:and has campaigned against allowing 3244:2024 European parliamentary election 3171:(LR) and joined the National Rally. 2952:, the National Front won two seats: 19619:Anti-immigration politics in France 17898:Union of Democrats and Independents 16835:from the original on 31 August 2019 16822: 16614: 16578:from the original on 31 August 2019 16560:"Organigramme du Front National FN" 16546: 16414:Law and Justice (7 February 2024). 16349:from the original on 2 January 2020 15743:Keating, Joshua (3 November 2011). 15266:Pabst, Sabrina (29 November 2014). 13717:. Theconversation.com. 3 May 2012. 13613:from the original on 4 October 2016 13599:Nossiter, Adam (17 November 2015). 13412:from the original on 6 January 2017 13192: 13130: 13085:from the original on 4 January 2019 12688:Malingre, Virginie (10 July 2024). 12404:from the original on 9 January 2019 12102:from the original on 23 August 2014 11524:Sulzer, Alexandre (30 April 2008). 11286:from the original on 3 January 2011 11272:Samuel, Henry (11 September 2008). 10091:from the original on 31 August 2019 9956: 9006: 8163:The party was formerly part of the 8140:The Radical Right in Western Europe 6434: 5664:. The RN has also been part of the 5524:A 2019 undercover investigation by 5520:Links with banned neo-fascist group 5232:Le Pen supports the restoration of 5138:", likening it to a "puppet of the 4476:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire 3017:the 7th arrondissement of Marseille 2268:Logo of the Italian Social Movement 1589:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire 13: 19153:Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms 18952:Federation of Nationalist Students 18699:French National-Collectivist Party 17984: 17206: 16985:from the original on 20 March 2012 16267:from the original on 4 August 2020 16200:from the original on 18 April 2020 15972:from the original on 15 March 2017 15812:from the original on 14 April 2020 15786:from the original on 29 April 2017 15702:Powell, Domenic (14 August 2012). 15346:from the original on 26 March 2015 15315:from the original on 17 March 2015 15208:from the original on 13 April 2017 14766:from the original on 23 April 2021 13721:from the original on 28 March 2019 13328:from the original on 11 March 2011 13058:from the original on 4 August 2020 12894:from the original on 7 August 2016 12456:from the original on 16 March 2021 12321:McNicholl, Tracy (11 March 2018), 12214:Herreros, Romain (11 March 2018). 11723:from the original on 27 April 2011 11696:from the original on 10 March 2011 11637:from the original on 24 April 2019 11604:from the original on 16 March 2011 11571:from the original on 18 March 2010 11206:. Oxford University. p. 356. 10451:from the original on 23 March 2017 10073:"Chronologie du Front National FN" 9802: 9778:Barbière, Cécile (16 April 2019). 9726:from the original on 11 March 2018 9689:Cohen, Dinah (22 September 2023). 9660: 9476:from the original on 23 March 2021 9440:Craw, Victoria (23 January 2015). 9379: 9351: 8948:from the original on 4 August 2020 8898:from the original on 10 March 2011 8835:from the original on 27 April 2011 6280:, first vice president (2011–2014) 6268: 6038:leader and Israeli Prime Minister 5917:IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 5765:, and other movements such as the 5688:group with Fidesz, Vox, the Czech 4037:"The Future of the Intelligentsia" 3129:, led by the radical-right lawyer 2830:for Le Pen's 2007 presidential bid 2553:, netting over 30% in some areas. 2472:Electoral breakthrough (1982–1988) 2166:Le cercle national des combattants 1150:"The Future of the Intelligentsia" 14: 19700: 18534:Mémoires : fils de la nation 17632:Other parliamentary group members 17405: 16534:from the original on 16 June 2019 15755:from the original on 27 July 2014 15378:from the original on 4 April 2015 15334:Mestre, Abel (23 November 2014). 15012:from the original on 20 July 2006 14630:Journal of European Public Policy 14454:Harding, Luke (8 December 2014). 14158:from the original on 30 July 2011 14144:Rohr, Mathieu von (7 July 2011). 13778:from the original on 10 July 2021 13752:from the original on 5 April 2015 13574:Khan-Ruf, Safya (22 April 2022). 13536:Belgacem, Assia (22 April 2022). 13398:Shorto, Russell (29 April 2011). 13027:from the original on 2 March 2017 12996:from the original on 1 March 2017 12914:"Parties and Elections in Europe" 12773:from the original on 30 June 2024 12565:from the original on 28 June 2021 12430:from the original on 4 April 2021 12195:from the original on 7 March 2019 12071:from the original on 2 April 2015 12040:from the original on 11 June 2019 11931:from the original on 2 April 2015 11900:from the original on 7 April 2014 11844:from the original on 2 April 2015 11782:from the original on 12 July 2012 11756:from the original on 22 June 2018 11669:from the original on 14 July 2011 9539:from the original on 20 July 2018 9052:from the original on 14 June 2018 8877:from the original on 2 March 2017 8814:from the original on 1 March 2017 8309:from the original on 17 July 2018 6219:Member of the European Parliament 6176:Member of the European Parliament 6006:2022 French presidential election 5980:In October 2021, Le Pen met with 5873:2019 European Parliament election 5682:2024 European Parliament election 5660:and a former member of Romania's 5516:, though this has not coalesced. 5349: 5340:2022 French presidential election 5217:. The party has advocated closer 5109: 4977:The National Rally is considered 4358:French Agrarian and Peasant Party 3206:2022 French presidential election 3163:and former conservative lawmaker 3091:was re-elected. FN's 23-year-old 3085:following parliamentary elections 3053:2014 European Parliament election 2447:(PS), a results that brought the 1974:, advocating significant cuts to 1471:French Agrarian and Peasant Party 330:Presidencies of Regional Councils 19022:Revolutionary Nationalist Groups 17639: 17616: 17604: 17592: 17580: 17568: 17556: 17544: 17532: 17520: 17323:. Rome: CISE. pp. 181–188. 17286:(in French). Les Indes Savantes. 17255:Modern & Contemporary France 17057: 17027: 16997: 16967: 16937: 16907: 16816: 16789: 16759: 16729: 16699: 16669: 16639: 16608: 16602:ici, par France Bleu et France 3 16590: 16516: 16498: 16480: 16462: 16444: 16426: 16407: 16393: 16361: 16329: 16297: 16279: 16253: 16235: 16212: 16186: 16168: 16150: 16132: 16114: 16096: 16084:from the original on 24 May 2019 16070: 16052: 16034: 15995: 15984: 15952: 15934: 15916: 15898: 15884: 15870: 15856: 15844:from the original on 4 June 2020 15824: 15798: 15767: 15736: 15695: 15669:from the original on 21 May 2019 15649: 15623: 15590: 15563: 15532: 15506: 15448: 15432:Kostov, Nick (8 December 2023). 15425: 15390: 15327: 15188: 15157: 15130: 15118:from the original on 19 May 2021 15100: 15056: 14992: 14954: 14928: 14910: 14860: 14834: 14822:from the original on 19 May 2021 14804: 14778: 14752: 14722: 14674: 14621: 14603: 14585: 14567: 14555:from the original on 16 May 2015 14421: 14395: 14378: 14330: 14312: 14294: 14276: 14258: 14244: 14230: 14209: 14191: 14170: 14106: 14080: 14068:from the original on 18 May 2013 13977: 13963: 13937: 13896: 13878: 13860: 13842: 13823:Brunet, Romain (29 March 2023). 13816: 13790: 13764: 13733: 13625: 13592: 13586: 13567: 13548: 13529: 13515: 13493: 13473: 13424: 13366: 13354:from the original on 19 May 2021 13340: 13307: 13235: 13217: 13161: 13124: 13097: 13077:Taylor, Kyle (24 January 2017). 13070: 12906: 12880: 12807: 12785: 12715: 12700: 12681: 12655: 12629: 12603: 12577: 12546: 12534:from the original on 19 May 2021 12520: 12508:from the original on 19 May 2021 12494: 12482:from the original on 19 May 2021 12468: 12442: 12416: 12390: 12362: 12338: 12314: 12280:Nossiter, Adam (10 March 2018). 12240: 12207: 12177: 12157: 12114: 12083: 12052: 12021: 12004: 11974: 11962:from the original on 29 May 2014 11943: 11912: 11882: 11856: 11801:Fouquet, Helene (17 June 2012). 11794: 11768: 11708: 11681: 11649: 11550: 11517: 11492: 11480:from the original on 22 May 2011 11459: 11083: 9759:from the original on 1 June 2018 9500:. lemonde.fr. 24 February 2005. 9208:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 April 2016). 8973:from the original on 8 July 2020 8911:Lichfield, John (1 March 2015). 8623:. University of Michigan Press. 8506:from the original on 7 July 2015 8371:from the original on 8 July 2024 8340:from the original on 3 July 2024 8274: 8261: 8252: 8177:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty 8008: 7991: 7990: 7958: 7957: 7920: 7919: 7887: 7886: 7852: 7851: 7819: 7818: 7784: 7783: 7750: 7644: 7643: 7599: 7598: 7554: 7553: 7509: 7508: 7469: 7468: 7421: 7420: 7372: 7274: 7260: 7236: 7223: 7222: 7196: 7195: 7164: 7163: 7140: 7139: 7126: 7125: 7098: 7072: 7071: 7028: 7027: 6955: 6954: 6914: 6913: 6878: 6877: 6842: 6841: 6802: 6768: 6767: 6732: 6731: 6696: 6695: 6660: 6659: 6624: 6623: 6589: 6556: 6523: 6237: 6186: 6127: 6028:2024 French legislative election 5738:("right-wing") movement and the 5684:, the National Rally joined the 5606:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty 5414: 5387:Electoral reform and referendums 5059:2024 French legislative election 4871: 4741: 4729: 3353: 3295:2024 French legislative election 3285:2024 French legislative election 3213:2022 French legislative election 2255: 2246: 2119:snap French legislative election 1854: 1842: 466: 50: 19017:Rassemblement National Français 17485: 16604:(in French). 12 September 2021. 15597:Phillips, Leigh (9 June 2011). 15164:Primor, Adar (7 January 2011). 14942:from the original on 1 May 2021 13223:Samuel, Henry (15 April 2022). 13205:Samuel, Henry (14 April 2022). 13142:Samuel, Henry (24 April 2022). 12743:Barbarit, Simon (3 July 2024). 12368:Ganley, Elaine (10 March 2018) 12247:Willsher, Kim (12 March 2018). 12145:from the original on 9 May 2017 12090:Meichtry, Stacy (26 May 2014). 11950:Meichtry, Stacy (25 May 2014). 11919:Samuel, Henry (23 March 2014). 11715:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). 11557:Samuel, Henry (15 March 2010). 11466:Riché, Pascal (29 April 2008). 10716: 10437:Birch, Jonah (19 August 2015). 10430: 10403: 10064: 9950: 9865: 9849:(in French). 12 February 2020. 9835: 9771: 9634: 9610:John Lichfield (1 March 2015). 9603: 9577: 9518: 9406: 9269: 9243: 9201: 9195: 9152: 9109: 9064: 8827:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). 8494:Taylor, Adam (8 January 2015). 8243: 8234: 8224: 8190: 8173:Technical Group of Independents 6966: 6148:National Front for French Unity 6051:The executive bureau features: 5616:group, which also includes the 5602:Technical Group of Independents 5556:funds which were earmarked for 5262:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 4441:Initiative and Liberty Movement 3127:Rassemblement National Français 2975:Electoral successes (2012–2017) 2289:National Front for French Unity 1554:Initiative and Liberty Movement 21:National Rally (disambiguation) 18443:Europe of Nations and Freedom 16891:. European Election Database. 15166:"The daughter as de-demonizer" 14786:"L'OTAN vue par Marine le Pen" 14054:James, Barry (23 April 2002). 13985:"Le Pen and his feminine side" 13797:Conesa, Elsa (18 April 2022). 13635:John Lichfield (26 May 2014). 13314:Squires, Nick (8 March 2011). 13249:. 7 April 2016. Archived from 12890:. Lefigaro.fr. 13 April 2015. 12553:Willsher, Kim (27 June 2021). 12344:Willsher, Kim (10 March 2018) 11742:Samuel, Henry (17 June 2012). 10723:Fabre, Clarisse (4 May 2002). 9960:Political parties of the world 9819:(in French). 29 January 2021. 9644:. France24.com. Archived from 9071:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 May 2016). 9037: 8748:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 8721:Mudde, Cas (25 October 2019). 8576:. Princeton University Press. 8460: 8397: 8383: 8328:Corbet, Sylvie (3 July 2024). 8294: 8157: 7751: 7373: 7275: 7261: 7237: 7099: 6803: 6590: 6557: 6524: 6356:Dominique Chaboche (1973–1976) 6252:Acting since 13 September 2021 6146:Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the 5931:to join the ID Party in 2024. 5063:2023 French pension reform law 4914: 3195:2021 French regional elections 2916:2015 French regional elections 2467:Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership 2363:Revolutionary Communist League 2232: 2031:was elected as her successor. 1952:parliamentary opposition party 1942:political party, described as 438:and does not oppose democracy. 1: 19679:National conservative parties 19669:Eurosceptic parties in France 19659:1972 establishments in France 19654:Right-wing populism in France 19479:Active publications and media 18749:Revolutionary Social Movement 16889:"France: Elections 1990–2010" 15539:Mareš, Miroslav (July 2006). 15233:, Marine (27 November 2014). 14642:10.1080/13501763.2020.1754885 12121:Nossiter, Adam (7 May 2017). 8706:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1069063 8673:10.1080/01419870.2015.1016071 8409:Twenty-First Century Populism 8287: 8181:Europe of Nations and Freedom 6359:Victor Barthélémy (1976–1978) 6098: 6083:(deputy regional councilor), 6046: 5839:The FN allied with the Dutch 5790:U.S. House of Representatives 5773:(Belgian Flanders), Germany ( 5755:European Alliance for Freedom 5514:Russia's annexation of Crimea 5395:in France, claiming that the 5148:accession of Turkey to the EU 3135:presidential campaign in 1965 2934:and joined the more moderate 2889:Revival of the FN (2011–2012) 2340:Front national de la jeunesse 2124: 2114:European Parliament elections 1913:[ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃nɑsjɔnal] 19644:Right-wing parties in France 19133:National Republican Movement 18668:Antisemitic League of France 18606:Far-right politics in France 17267:10.1080/09639489.2012.691290 17102:. Harvard University Press. 17100:Far-Right Politics in Europe 14541:Vaux, Pierre (14 May 2015). 13740:Henry Astier (16 May 2014). 12918:www.parties-and-elections.eu 11986:International Business Times 11688:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). 10410:White, John Kenneth (1998). 10335:, pp. 179–180, 185–187. 9159:Forchtner, Bernhard (2020). 8890:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). 8359:Kirby, Paul (30 June 2024). 5830:White House Chief Strategist 5666:Identity and Democracy Party 5634:Freedom and Direct Democracy 4902:capital punishment in France 4403:Union for a Popular Movement 3148:During that party congress, 3131:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour 3037:International Business Times 2936:European Alliance of Freedom 2808:Union for a Popular Movement 2767:National Republican Movement 2510:20th arrondissement of Paris 2175:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour 2141:movement founded in 1953 by 2106:2022 parliamentary elections 1516:Union for a Popular Movement 426: 7: 19649:Right-wing populist parties 19093:Equality and Reconciliation 18755:Service d'ordre légionnaire 17798:political parties in France 17374:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). 17136:DeClair, Edward G. (1999). 16773:(in French). Archived from 16743:(in French). Archived from 16713:(in French). Archived from 16683:(in French). Archived from 16653:(in French). Archived from 15631:"Marine Le Pen en Autriche" 15420:want when we are in power.' 15374:(in French). 3 April 2015. 15072:(in French). 24 June 2009. 15008:(in French). 13 July 2006. 13287:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10553:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10470:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10047:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 9007:Van, Sonia (29 July 2011). 8768:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). 8128: 7650:Leftist Union + Ecologists 6223:National Assembly of France 6172:National Assembly of France 5393:proportional representation 5381:Russian invasion of Ukraine 5280:has been subjugated by the 5084: 3327: 3182:, former LR officials, and 2781:Presidential run-off (2002) 2427:European Parliament in 1979 1970:presidential elections. It 1950:. It is the single largest 1924:from 1972 to 2018 (French: 10: 19705: 19674:French nationalist parties 18997:Organisation Armée Secrète 18942:European Rally for Liberty 17083: 15458:. Reuters. 8 December 2023 13232:. Retrieved 17 April 2022. 13214:. Retrieved 17 April 2022. 12711:. 10 July 2024. p. 2. 12028:John, Mark (25 May 2014). 11665:(in French). 26 May 2011. 7380:Union for French Democracy 6446:2017 presidential election 5998:Slovenian Democratic Party 5957:following the decision by 5676:, which was later renamed 5305:that the National Front's 5091:2002 legislative elections 5068: 4984: 4944:net legal immigration rate 4341:VIA, the Way of the People 4076:The Tears of the White Man 3948:The Genius of Christianity 3282: 3230: 3062: 2943:2012 presidential election 2892: 2884:Marine Le Pen's leadership 2847:2007 presidential election 2826:National advertisement in 2812:2002 legislative elections 2795:2002 presidential election 2748:1997 legislative elections 2682:1995 presidential election 2678:1993 legislative elections 2618:1988 legislative elections 2611:1988 presidential election 2558:1986 legislative elections 2506:Union for French Democracy 2434:1981 presidential election 2423:1978 legislative elections 2383:revolutionary nationalists 2369:FN–PFN rivalry (1973–1981) 2347:1974 presidential election 2336:1973 legislative elections 2285:1973 legislative elections 2227: 2171:1965 presidential election 2094:2017 presidential election 1454:VIA, the Way of the People 1189:The Tears of the White Man 1061:The Genius of Christianity 103:Parliamentary party leader 25: 18: 19555: 19478: 19432: 19171: 19040: 18922: 18771: 18653: 18612: 18544: 18525: 18510:Blue, White and Red Rally 18496: 18427: 18418:Rassemblement bleu Marine 18409: 18402: 18339:Rassemblement bleu Marine 18336: 18304: 18277: 18250: 18183: 18076: 18025: 17994: 17934: 17911: 17883: 17860: 17827: 17804: 17750: 17724: 17700: 17674: 17658: 17631: 17512: 17505: 17495: 16223:. Srpskanarodnapartija.rs 16219:Име* (12 November 2021). 12617:(in French). 12 June 2022 11500:"Encyclopedia Britannica" 11200:"National Front (France)" 9313:, pp. 46, 56 and 71. 8961:Polakow-Suransky, Sasha. 8688:Mondon, Aurelien (2015). 8661:Ethnic and Racial Studies 8026:Congress of New Caledonia 8014:Run in a joint list with 7938: 7858: 7703: 7566: 7514: 7431: 7426: 7340: 7183: 7059: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6815: 6498: 6410:Steeve Briois (2017–2018) 6365:Pierre Gérard (1980–1981) 6362:Alain Renault (1978–1980) 6334:Steeve Briois (2018–2022) 6261: 6236: 6233: 6204: 6185: 6182: 6145: 6126: 6123: 5656:, a former member of the 5654:Congress of the New Right 5326:Donetsk People's Republic 5246:Israel-Palestine conflict 4462:Nouvelle Action Royaliste 3279:2024 legislative election 3193:In the months before the 2950:2012 legislative election 2588:Consolidation (1988–1997) 2458:1981 legislative election 1575:Nouvelle Action Royaliste 405: 389: 384: 370: 356: 342: 328: 314: 300: 286: 275: 263:European Parliament group 261: 249: 243:Rassemblement bleu Marine 238: 226: 203: 192: 182: 170: 155: 145: 127: 113: 102: 76: 66: 58: 49: 37: 19433:Ideologies and movements 17819:New Anticapitalist Party 17715:Von der Leyen Commission 17039:Minister of the Interior 17009:Minister of the Interior 16979:Minister of the Interior 16949:Minister of the Interior 16919:Minister of the Interior 16221:"Српска народна партија" 15548:. Brno, Czech Republic: 14370:. London. Archived from 14010:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12875:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12843:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12813:Scholarly descriptions: 12767:Ministère de l'Intérieur 12351:15 February 2021 at the 11662:French Interior Ministry 10321:Camus & Lebourg 2017 10297:Camus & Lebourg 2017 8562:Camus & Lebourg 2017 8417:10.1057/9780230592100_11 8336:. The Associated Press. 8150: 6353:Alain Robert (1972–1973) 5988:, Polish Prime Minister 5847:, the new leader of the 5722:Freedom Party of Austria 5618:Freedom Party of Austria 5582:National Political Union 5488:Czecho-Russian bank loan 5238:Lebanese economic crisis 5219:France–Morocco relations 5191:2010–2011 Ivorian crisis 4538:Service d'Action Civique 4028:Enquête sur la monarchie 3928:Considerations on France 3481:Catholic social teaching 3335:This article is part of 3270:Lega per Salvini Premier 3221:parliamentary opposition 2693:1995 municipal elections 2498:1983 municipal elections 2439:The election was won by 2415:French Nationalist Party 1992:economic interventionism 1651:Service d'Action Civique 1141:Enquête sur la monarchie 1041:Considerations on France 594:Catholic social teaching 448:This article is part of 372:Departmental Councillors 42: 19614:National Rally (France) 18962:Front Algérie Française 18077:Presidential candidates 18042:Marie-Christine Arnautu 17727:at the European Council 17282:Joly, Bertrand (2008). 17180:Shields, James (2007). 16795:AFP (30 November 2014) 14876:. Politics.as.nyu.edu. 13081:. Pew Research Center. 13052:The Wall Street Journal 12795:. Euronews. 2 July 2024 12096:The Wall Street Journal 11956:The Wall Street Journal 9957:Day, Alan John (2002). 9436:Devil of the Republic: 9392:Encyclopædia Britannica 8942:The Wall Street Journal 8591:Joly, Bertrand (2008). 6450:2019 European elections 6442:2014 European elections 6415:Elected representatives 6290:Marie-Christine Arnautu 5759:Heinz-Christian Strache 5751:Heinz-Christian Strache 5630:Alternative for Germany 5578:Italian Social Movement 5564:International relations 5369: 5240:. The party supports a 5075:Paris Climate Agreement 4790:Members of the party's 4736:Conservatism portal 4526:Independent Republicans 4373:Independent Republicans 4056:Violence and the Sacred 3968:St Petersburg Dialogues 3102:left the FN and formed 2925:2011 cantonal elections 2878:2010 regional elections 2840:2004 European elections 2836:2004 regional elections 2642:1989 European elections 2635:1988 cantonal elections 2551:1985 cantonal elections 2526:1984 European elections 2504:(RPR) and the centrist 2301:Italian Social Movement 1849:Conservatism portal 1639:Independent Republicans 1486:Independent Republicans 1169:Violence and the Sacred 1081:St Petersburg Dialogues 228:Political position 159:114 bis rue Michel-Ange 19592:Algiers putsch of 1961 19578:6 February 1934 crisis 19143:Rassemblement National 19083:Carrefour de l'Horloge 18744:National Popular Rally 18259:Marion Maréchal-Le Pen 17837:French Communist Party 17701:European Commissioners 17232:Davies, Peter (1999). 17117:Davies, Peter (2012). 16771:Rassemblement National 16741:Rassemblement National 16711:Rassemblement National 16681:Rassemblement National 16651:Rassemblement National 16558:De Boissieu, Laurent. 16528:Rassemblement National 12170:9 January 2018 at the 12015:14 August 2015 at the 11808:Bloomberg Businessweek 11093:. Archives.lesoir.be. 10071:De Boissieu, Laurent. 9255:Rassemblement National 8744:Rydgren, Jens (2008). 8231:departments threefold. 8185:Identity and Democracy 8145:Radical right (Europe) 7428:Rally for the Republic 7322:Regional presidencies 6079:(regional councilor), 5963:Bharatiya Janata Party 5925:Serbian People's Party 5614:Identity and Democracy 5534:Christelle Lechevalier 5234:France-Syria relations 5101:had 36%, and Chirac's 4924: 4909:prostitution in France 4888:on re-introducing the 4795: 4707: 4536: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4474: 4460: 4446: 4433:Carrefour de l'Horloge 4424: 4388:Rally for the Republic 4311:Future with Confidence 4066:The Camp of the Saints 3610: 3583: 3546: 3510: 3491: 3442: 3418: 3380: 3346:Conservatism in France 3291:union of the far-right 3123:Rassemblement national 3119:Rassemblement national 3048: 2919: 2907: 2831: 2790: 2775:1999 European election 2743: 2581:the regional elections 2502:Rally for the Republic 2494:tournant de la rigueur 2484: 2319:'s and Alain Robert's 2238:Foundation (1972–1973) 2224:to the French throne. 2214:Restauration Nationale 2206: 2195: 2187: 2179: 2165: 2159: 2087:European Economic Area 2067:Rassemblement National 1931:[fʁɔ̃nɑsjɔnal] 1925: 1905:Rassemblement national 1904: 1820: 1649: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1603: 1587: 1573: 1559: 1546:Carrefour de l'Horloge 1537: 1501:Rally for the Republic 1424:Future with Confidence 1179:The Camp of the Saints 723: 696: 659: 623: 604: 555: 531: 493: 459:Conservatism in France 133:; 51 years ago 43:Rassemblement National 16:French political party 18673:Breton National Party 17497:Parliamentary group: 17355:Parliamentary Affairs 17312:Russo, Luana (2014). 17291:Mayer, Nonna (2013). 17067:. Elections.bfmtv.com 16342:The Telegraph (India) 15436:. Wall Street Journal 15069:Le Nouvel Observateur 14492:Le Nouvel Observateur 13507:. 14 September 2013. 13381:29 April 2017 at the 12859:6 August 2020 at the 12822:Mayer, Nonna (2013). 12375:4 August 2020 at the 10037:, pp. 31, 36–37. 9222:10.3917/pouv.157.0115 8727:John Wiley & Sons 8694:Patterns of Prejudice 8640:Parliamentary Affairs 8595:. Les Indes Savantes. 8547:. Éditions du Seuil. 5913:Krasimir Karakachanov 5860:UK Independence Party 5779:Slovak National Party 5763:UK Independence Party 5658:UK Independence Party 5650:Danish People's Party 5612:. It was part of the 5403:and green politician 5286:Revolution of Dignity 5258:2023 Israel–Hamas war 5195:2011 Libyan civil war 4954:Islam and immigration 4922: 4904:if she were elected. 4862:national conservative 4838:Pierre-André Taguieff 4789: 4697:Immigrant criminality 4677:Clerical philosophers 4393:Republican Federation 4046:The Reign of Quantity 3719:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet 3634:Thermidorian Reaction 3592:Traditional authority 3396:Political Catholicism 3180:Nicolas Dupont-Aignan 3071:presidential election 3046: 2913: 2902: 2825: 2788: 2738: 2479: 1810:Immigrant criminality 1790:Clerical philosophers 1506:Republican Federation 1159:The Reign of Quantity 832:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet 747:Thermidorian Reaction 705:Traditional authority 509:Political Catholicism 392:rassemblementnational 19467:Révolution nationale 18967:Groupe Union Défense 18932:Charles Martel Group 18762:Solidarité Française 18704:French Popular Party 18192:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 17942:Miscellaneous centre 16823:AFP (16 June 2019). 16615:AFP (12 July 2012). 16196:. 29 November 2014. 16146:. 18 September 2023. 16110:. 23 September 2022. 15044:on 30 September 2007 14374:on 11 February 2015. 11538:on 27 September 2011 10416:. SUNY. p. 38. 10388:, pp. 182, 198. 10311:, pp. 181, 184. 10231:, pp. 177, 185. 10025:, pp. 159, 169. 9048:(in French). Slate. 8441:. 18 September 2016. 8269:Saint-Gilles-du-Gard 6429:National Rally group 6369:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 5792:associated with the 5211:United Arab Emirates 5206:Abdel Fattah El-Sisi 5046:economic nationalism 4687:French–German enmity 4086:The Tyranny of Guilt 3978:Democracy in America 3671:Second French Empire 3420:Révolution nationale 2570:Agence France-Presse 2492:' "austerity turn" ( 2387:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 2323:; the anti-Gaullist 2189:Groupe Union Défense 1800:French–German enmity 1199:The Tyranny of Guilt 1091:Democracy in America 784:Second French Empire 533:Révolution nationale 344:Regional Councillors 251:European affiliation 239:National affiliation 19:For other uses, see 19568:Franco-Prussian War 19314:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 19123:League of the South 19113:Generation Identity 19002:Party of New Forces 18982:Nouvelle Résistance 18738:Mouvement Franciste 18724:Ligue des Patriotes 18710:Jeunesses Patriotes 18384:Paul-Marie Coûteaux 18370:Miscellaneous right 18305:Leadership election 18251:Chamber of Deputies 18224:Jean-François Jalkh 18184:General Secretaries 18058:Jean-François Jalkh 17946:Miscellaneous right 17875:Democratic Movement 17842:La France Insoumise 17725:Heads of government 17691:European Parliament 17675:European Parliament 17499:Patriots for Europe 17142:. Duke University. 16777:on 11 November 2013 16747:on 11 November 2013 16687:on 10 November 2013 16657:on 11 November 2013 16377:. 22 October 2021. 16345:. 28 October 2019. 16313:. 29 October 2019. 16263:. 2 December 2018. 15948:. 13 November 2013. 15894:. 15 December 2013. 15866:. 13 November 2013. 15311:. 8 December 2014. 14968:on 3 September 2013 14938:. 4 February 2021. 14762:. 6 November 2019. 14736:. 16 January 2019. 14389:6 July 2015 at the 14223:. 25 October 2016. 14205:. 15 December 2020. 14090:. 16 January 2019. 13274:, pp. 177–185. 11749:The Daily Telegraph 11633:. 16 January 2011. 11600:. 15 January 2011. 11405:, pp. 291–293. 11171:, pp. 277–279. 10952:, pp. 247–249. 10904:, pp. 235–237. 9986:, pp. 163–164. 9591:on 19 November 2015 9423:on 15 February 2018 9130:2019WIRCC..10E.604F 8500:The Washington Post 7672: 7663:European Parliament 7657:European Parliament 7297: 7049:did not participate 6464: 6393:Jean-François Jalkh 6345:General Secretaries 6296:Jean-François Jalkh 6030:, Israeli minister 6012:in February 2024. 5948:Patriots for Europe 5686:Patriots for Europe 5638:Dutch Freedom Party 5570:European Parliament 5558:European Parliament 5530:Generation Identity 5445:concentration camps 5364:European Commission 5344:Russo-Ukrainian War 5158:, both in the 1991 5079:European Green Deal 4592:La Nation française 4368:Movement for France 4363:French Social Party 4178:Political positions 4168:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 3774:Fustel de Coulanges 3661:Bourbon Restoration 3656:Second White Terror 3401:Christian democracy 3250:Patriots for Europe 3199:la droite populaire 3110:and abandoning the 2818:Decline (2003–2010) 2752:metropolitan France 2500:, the centre-right 2441:François Mitterrand 2403:Jean-Yves Le Gallou 2375:Party of New Forces 1980:illegal immigration 1972:opposes immigration 1944:right-wing populist 1705:La Nation française 1481:Movement for France 1476:French Social Party 1291:Political positions 1281:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 887:Fustel de Coulanges 774:Bourbon Restoration 769:Second White Terror 514:Christian democracy 316:European Parliament 268:Patriots for Europe 218:Right-wing populism 131:5 October 1972 109:(National Assembly) 19487:Boulevard Voltaire 19007:Phalange Française 17938:Miscellaneous left 17434:7 May 2017 at the 17378:. Westview Press. 17340:on 27 October 2014 16802:9 May 2015 at the 16717:on 14 October 2014 16440:. 26 January 2024. 16403:. 5 February 2022. 16310:The New York Times 16164:. 2 February 2024. 15633:. Front National. 15559:on 18 August 2011. 15550:Masaryk University 14326:. 5 November 2023. 14308:. 22 October 2023. 14270:Morocco World News 14254:. 19 January 2023. 14240:. 17 October 2023. 14061:The New York Times 13606:The New York Times 13405:The New York Times 13021:The New York Times 12709:Le Canard Enchaîné 12288:The New York Times 12163:Louise Nordstorm, 12130:The New York Times 10287:, p. 180–184. 9559:. 20 August 2015. 9461:Holocaust denial: 8871:The New York Times 8772:. Westview Press. 7661: 7293: 6460: 6427:as members of the 6423:. They sit in the 6067:(vice-president), 6063:(vice-president), 6059:(vice-president), 6040:Benjamin Netanyahu 5990:Mateusz Morawiecki 5794:Tea Party movement 5720:. The significant 5672:and the Bulgarian 5662:Conservative Party 5505:Reinhard Bütikofer 5449:Court of Cassation 5312:Nouvel Observateur 5268:Russia and Ukraine 5242:two-state solution 5189:. During both the 4925: 4856:) and social (the 4796: 4682:European New Right 4606:Le Figaro Magazine 4571:Famille chrétienne 4448:La Manif pour tous 4096:The French Suicide 3694:Barbey d'Aurevilly 3644:Companions of Jehu 3639:First White Terror 3486:Counter-revolution 3370:French nationalism 3268:, and the Italian 3049: 3029:Camaret-sur-Aigues 2920: 2908: 2832: 2791: 2744: 2665:affaire du foulard 2660:Ayatollah Khomeini 2485: 1795:European New Right 1719:Le Figaro Magazine 1684:Famille chrétienne 1561:La Manif pour tous 1209:The French Suicide 807:Barbey d'Aurevilly 757:Companions of Jehu 752:First White Terror 599:Counter-revolution 483:French nationalism 410:Politics of France 213:French nationalism 19634:Jean-Marie Le Pen 19601: 19600: 19409:Tixier-Vignancour 18977:L'Œuvre Française 18854:Drieu La Rochelle 18572: 18571: 18490:Jean-Marie Le Pen 18456: 18455: 18452: 18451: 18050:Florian Philippot 18007:Jean-Marie Le Pen 17952: 17951: 17763: 17762: 17654: 17653: 17367:10.1093/pa/gss076 17330:978-88-98012-15-2 17245:978-0-415-15866-4 17224:978-1-78093-343-6 17197:978-0-415-37200-8 17172:978-0-472-08441-8 17149:978-0-8223-2139-2 17128:978-1-134-72530-4 16524:"Bureau Exécutif" 16512:. 7 October 2024. 15968:. 14 March 2017. 15397:Harrison, David. 15204:. 12 April 2017. 14818:. 14 March 2017. 14290:. 8 October 2023. 14024:, pp. 282 f. 13774:. 23 April 2017. 13253:on 28 August 2017 13229:Irish Independent 12888:"Jean-Yves Camus" 12877:, pp. 12–13. 12669:. 16 October 2022 12452:. 12 March 2021. 12191:. 11 March 2018. 11988:. 31 March 2014. 11896:. 31 March 2014. 11417:, pp. 292 f. 11366:, pp. 288 f. 11253:, pp. 280 f. 11213:978-0-19-920516-5 11159:, pp. 271 f. 11118:, pp. 264 f. 11015:, pp. 262 f. 11003:, pp. 260 f. 10928:, pp. 236 f. 10841:, pp. 223 f. 10683:, pp. 64–66. 10472:, pp. 95–98. 10423:978-0-7914-4067-4 10175:, pp. 174 f. 10163:, pp. 173 f. 9970:978-0-9536278-7-5 9947:, pp. 13–17. 9935:, pp. 27–31. 9923:, pp. 25–27. 9911:, pp. 21–24. 9899:, pp. 31–35. 9722:. 11 March 2018. 9412:Softening image: 9240:, pp. 46–55. 9176:978-1-351-10402-9 9090:978-1-317-41978-5 8652:10.1093/pa/gss071 8477:. 21 April 2014. 8426:978-1-349-28476-4 8171:(1989–1994), the 8167:(1984–1989), the 8126: 8125: 8004: 8003: 7705:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7654: 7653: 7342:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7295:Regional councils 7289:Regional councils 7286: 7285: 7061:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7017:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6964: 6963: 6500:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6462:National Assembly 6456:National Assembly 6425:National Assembly 6302:Florian Philippot 6266: 6265: 6253: 6134:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6093:Jean-Paul Garraud 6075:(spokesperson), 5996:(PiS) party, and 5955:Jammu and Kashmir 5892:Brothers of Italy 5841:Party for Freedom 5777:), and Slovakia ( 5692:, the Portuguese 5632:(AfD), the Czech 5598:National Alliance 5437:Nazi gas chambers 5360:Council of the EU 5248:and welcomed the 5029:, to one between 4784: 4783: 4748:France portal 4692:French Revolution 4651:Valeurs actuelles 4153:de La Tour du Pin 4008:What Is a Nation? 3629:War in the Vendée 3318:New Popular Front 3310:absolute majority 3256:and the Austrian 3217:National Assembly 3188:Arnaud Montebourg 3165:Jean-Paul Garraud 3100:Florian Philippot 3021:Villers-Cotterêts 2965:François Hollande 2689:absolute majority 2597:, one of the new 2481:Jean-Marie Le Pen 2454:absolute majority 2317:François Brigneau 2147:Charles de Gaulle 2137:, small business 2110:National Assembly 2015:Jean-Marie Le Pen 1976:legal immigration 1956:National Assembly 1897: 1896: 1861:France portal 1805:French Revolution 1764:Valeurs actuelles 1266:de La Tour du Pin 1121:What Is a Nation? 742:War in the Vendée 443: 442: 415:Political parties 288:National Assembly 199:100,000 (claimed) 118:Jean-Marie Le Pen 19696: 19535:Radio Courtoisie 19516: 19172:Post-1945 people 19103:The Nationalists 19088:Debout la France 19048:Action Française 18925:post-1945 groups 18662:Action Française 18599: 18592: 18585: 18576: 18575: 18565:(wife 1960–1987) 18563:Pierrette Le Pen 18483: 18476: 18469: 18460: 18459: 18445: 18438: 18420: 18407: 18406: 18395: 18387: 18379: 18372: 18365: 18364: 18351: 18340: 18329: 18328: 18315: 18297: 18289: 18270: 18262: 18243: 18235: 18227: 18219: 18211: 18203: 18195: 18176: 18164: 18152: 18140: 18128: 18116: 18104: 18092: 18069: 18061: 18053: 18045: 18037: 18018: 18010: 17998: 17988: 17979: 17972: 17965: 17956: 17955: 17790: 17783: 17776: 17767: 17766: 17741:European Council 17677:Group Presidents 17644: 17643: 17621: 17620: 17609: 17608: 17597: 17596: 17585: 17584: 17573: 17572: 17561: 17560: 17549: 17548: 17537: 17536: 17525: 17524: 17510: 17509: 17489: 17480: 17473: 17466: 17457: 17456: 17425: 17422: 17417: 17416: 17414:Official website 17401: 17389: 17370: 17349: 17347: 17345: 17339: 17333:. Archived from 17318: 17308: 17306: 17304: 17295:. Archived from 17287: 17278: 17249: 17228: 17201: 17176: 17153: 17132: 17113: 17096:Lebourg, Nicolas 17092:Camus, Jean-Yves 17077: 17076: 17074: 17072: 17061: 17055: 17054: 17052: 17050: 17031: 17025: 17024: 17022: 17020: 17001: 16995: 16994: 16992: 16990: 16971: 16965: 16964: 16962: 16960: 16941: 16935: 16934: 16932: 16930: 16911: 16905: 16904: 16902: 16900: 16885: 16872: 16866: 16845: 16844: 16842: 16840: 16820: 16814: 16808: 16793: 16787: 16786: 16784: 16782: 16763: 16757: 16756: 16754: 16752: 16733: 16727: 16726: 16724: 16722: 16703: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16692: 16673: 16667: 16666: 16664: 16662: 16643: 16637: 16636: 16634: 16632: 16612: 16606: 16605: 16594: 16588: 16587: 16585: 16583: 16564:France Politique 16555: 16544: 16543: 16541: 16539: 16520: 16514: 16513: 16502: 16496: 16495: 16484: 16478: 16477: 16466: 16460: 16459: 16458:. 20 April 2024. 16448: 16442: 16441: 16430: 16424: 16423: 16411: 16405: 16404: 16397: 16391: 16390: 16388: 16386: 16365: 16359: 16358: 16356: 16354: 16333: 16327: 16326: 16324: 16322: 16301: 16295: 16294: 16283: 16277: 16276: 16274: 16272: 16257: 16251: 16250: 16239: 16233: 16232: 16230: 16228: 16216: 16210: 16209: 16207: 16205: 16190: 16184: 16183: 16172: 16166: 16165: 16154: 16148: 16147: 16136: 16130: 16129: 16118: 16112: 16111: 16100: 16094: 16093: 16091: 16089: 16074: 16068: 16067: 16056: 16050: 16049: 16038: 16032: 16031: 16020: 16011: 16010: 15999: 15993: 15988: 15982: 15981: 15979: 15977: 15956: 15950: 15949: 15938: 15932: 15931: 15930:. 19 April 2014. 15920: 15914: 15913: 15902: 15896: 15895: 15888: 15882: 15881: 15874: 15868: 15867: 15860: 15854: 15853: 15851: 15849: 15828: 15822: 15821: 15819: 15817: 15808:. 9 March 2018. 15802: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15791: 15771: 15765: 15764: 15762: 15760: 15740: 15734: 15733: 15727: 15719: 15717: 15715: 15699: 15693: 15692: 15686: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15668: 15661: 15653: 15647: 15646: 15644: 15642: 15627: 15621: 15620: 15618: 15616: 15594: 15588: 15587: 15585: 15583: 15567: 15561: 15560: 15558: 15547: 15536: 15530: 15529: 15527: 15525: 15510: 15504: 15498: 15492: 15486: 15480: 15474: 15468: 15467: 15465: 15463: 15452: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15441: 15429: 15423: 15422: 15416: 15414: 15394: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15383: 15362: 15356: 15355: 15353: 15351: 15331: 15325: 15324: 15322: 15320: 15299: 15290: 15289: 15287: 15285: 15263: 15257: 15256: 15254: 15252: 15227: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15213: 15192: 15186: 15185: 15183: 15181: 15161: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15150: 15134: 15128: 15127: 15125: 15123: 15114:. 3 April 2015. 15104: 15098: 15092: 15086: 15085: 15083: 15081: 15060: 15054: 15053: 15051: 15049: 15028: 15022: 15021: 15019: 15017: 14996: 14990: 14984: 14978: 14977: 14975: 14973: 14958: 14952: 14951: 14949: 14947: 14932: 14926: 14925: 14914: 14908: 14904: 14903:on 7 March 2016. 14892: 14890: 14888: 14882: 14875: 14864: 14858: 14857: 14855: 14853: 14838: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14827: 14808: 14802: 14801: 14799: 14797: 14788:. Archived from 14782: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14771: 14756: 14750: 14749: 14747: 14745: 14726: 14720: 14716: 14704: 14692: 14678: 14672: 14671: 14653: 14636:(9): 1388–1405. 14625: 14619: 14618: 14607: 14601: 14600: 14589: 14583: 14582: 14571: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14560: 14538: 14532: 14531: 14515: 14509: 14508: 14506: 14504: 14482: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14471: 14451: 14445: 14444: 14442: 14440: 14425: 14419: 14418: 14416: 14414: 14399: 14393: 14382: 14376: 14375: 14357: 14346: 14345: 14334: 14328: 14327: 14316: 14310: 14309: 14298: 14292: 14291: 14280: 14274: 14273: 14262: 14256: 14255: 14248: 14242: 14241: 14234: 14228: 14227: 14213: 14207: 14206: 14195: 14189: 14188: 14182:Voice of America 14174: 14168: 14167: 14165: 14163: 14141: 14135: 14134: 14132: 14130: 14125:on 24 March 2011 14121:. Archived from 14110: 14104: 14103: 14101: 14099: 14084: 14078: 14077: 14075: 14073: 14051: 14042: 14036: 14025: 14019: 14013: 14007: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13996: 13981: 13975: 13974: 13967: 13961: 13960: 13958: 13956: 13941: 13935: 13934: 13933:. 14 April 2022. 13923: 13912: 13911: 13900: 13894: 13893: 13882: 13876: 13875: 13864: 13858: 13857: 13846: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13835: 13820: 13814: 13813: 13811: 13809: 13794: 13788: 13787: 13785: 13783: 13768: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13757: 13737: 13731: 13730: 13728: 13726: 13711: 13705: 13699: 13693: 13687: 13674: 13670: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13629: 13623: 13622: 13620: 13618: 13596: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13571: 13565: 13564: 13552: 13546: 13545: 13533: 13527: 13526: 13519: 13513: 13512: 13497: 13491: 13490: 13477: 13471: 13470: 13469:. 15 April 2022. 13459: 13448: 13447: 13445: 13443: 13428: 13422: 13421: 13419: 13417: 13395: 13386: 13374: 13370: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13359: 13344: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13311: 13305: 13299: 13290: 13284: 13275: 13269: 13263: 13262: 13260: 13258: 13239: 13233: 13221: 13215: 13203: 13190: 13189: 13187: 13185: 13165: 13159: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13139: 13128: 13122: 13121: 13101: 13095: 13094: 13092: 13090: 13074: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13063: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13032: 13012: 13006: 13005: 13003: 13001: 12986: 12980: 12974: 12968: 12962: 12956: 12950: 12941: 12935: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12924: 12910: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12899: 12884: 12878: 12872: 12866: 12839: 12837: 12835: 12826:. Archived from 12811: 12805: 12804: 12802: 12800: 12789: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12778: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12740: 12731: 12730: 12719: 12713: 12712: 12704: 12698: 12697: 12685: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12674: 12659: 12653: 12652: 12650: 12648: 12633: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12622: 12607: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12581: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12570: 12550: 12544: 12543: 12541: 12539: 12524: 12518: 12517: 12515: 12513: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12487: 12472: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12446: 12440: 12439: 12437: 12435: 12420: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12394: 12388: 12385:Business Insider 12380:Associated Press 12366: 12360: 12342: 12336: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12318: 12312: 12311: 12309: 12307: 12285: 12277: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12266: 12244: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12233: 12211: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12200: 12181: 12175: 12161: 12155: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12126: 12118: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12087: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12076: 12056: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12045: 12025: 12019: 12008: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11997: 11978: 11972: 11971: 11969: 11967: 11947: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11916: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11905: 11886: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11866:. Archived from 11860: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11849: 11834: 11825: 11824: 11822: 11820: 11811:. Archived from 11798: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11772: 11766: 11765: 11763: 11761: 11739: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11728: 11712: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11701: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11653: 11647: 11646: 11644: 11642: 11623: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11609: 11590: 11581: 11580: 11578: 11576: 11554: 11548: 11547: 11545: 11543: 11534:. Archived from 11521: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11510: 11496: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11463: 11457: 11451: 11442: 11436: 11430: 11424: 11418: 11412: 11406: 11400: 11394: 11388: 11382: 11376: 11367: 11361: 11355: 11349: 11340: 11334: 11328: 11322: 11311: 11305: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11291: 11269: 11254: 11248: 11242: 11236: 11230: 11229: 11227: 11225: 11195: 11189: 11183: 11172: 11166: 11160: 11154: 11148: 11142: 11136: 11130: 11119: 11113: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11087: 11081: 11075: 11069: 11063: 11057: 11051: 11045: 11039: 11033: 11027: 11016: 11010: 11004: 10998: 10992: 10986: 10977: 10971: 10965: 10964:, pp. 94 f. 10959: 10953: 10947: 10941: 10935: 10929: 10923: 10917: 10911: 10905: 10899: 10893: 10887: 10881: 10875: 10869: 10863: 10854: 10848: 10842: 10836: 10830: 10824: 10815: 10809: 10803: 10797: 10791: 10785: 10779: 10773: 10756: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10729: 10720: 10714: 10708: 10699: 10693: 10684: 10678: 10672: 10666: 10660: 10654: 10637: 10631: 10616: 10610: 10604: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10580: 10574: 10568: 10562: 10556: 10550: 10544: 10538: 10532: 10526: 10509: 10503: 10494: 10488: 10473: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10456: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10407: 10401: 10400:, p. 182 f. 10395: 10389: 10383: 10377: 10371: 10360: 10359:, p. 181 f. 10354: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10306: 10300: 10294: 10288: 10282: 10276: 10275:, p. 178 f. 10270: 10264: 10258: 10249: 10243: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10203: 10202:, p. 176 f. 10197: 10191: 10185: 10176: 10170: 10164: 10158: 10152: 10146: 10137: 10131: 10125: 10119: 10113: 10112:, pp. 38 f. 10107: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10096: 10077:France Politique 10068: 10062: 10056: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10026: 10020: 10014: 10008: 9999: 9998:, pp. 36 f. 9993: 9987: 9981: 9975: 9974: 9954: 9948: 9942: 9936: 9930: 9924: 9918: 9912: 9906: 9900: 9894: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9809: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9775: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9745: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9712: 9703: 9698: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9664: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9581: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9548: 9546: 9544: 9522: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9472:. 6 April 2016. 9457: 9455: 9453: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9387:"National Rally" 9383: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9358: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9323: 9314: 9308: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9289: 9273: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9228: 9216:(157): 115–126. 9205: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9041: 9035: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8861: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8796: 8783: 8759: 8740: 8717: 8684: 8667:(8): 1355–1361. 8655: 8634: 8615: 8596: 8587: 8558: 8528: 8519: 8515: 8513: 8511: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8464: 8458: 8454: 8442: 8430: 8401: 8395: 8394: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8356: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8298: 8281: 8278: 8272: 8265: 8259: 8256: 8250: 8247: 8241: 8238: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8194: 8188: 8183:(2015–2019) and 8161: 8121: 8101: 8081: 8061: 8030: 8029: 8019: 8012: 7994: 7993: 7986: 7961: 7960: 7953: 7923: 7922: 7915: 7890: 7889: 7882: 7855: 7854: 7847: 7822: 7821: 7814: 7787: 7786: 7779: 7754: 7753: 7746: 7718: 7673: 7660: 7647: 7646: 7639: 7632: 7602: 7601: 7594: 7587: 7557: 7556: 7549: 7542: 7512: 7511: 7504: 7497: 7472: 7471: 7464: 7457: 7424: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7376: 7375: 7368: 7361: 7313:2nd round votes 7307:1st round votes 7298: 7292: 7278: 7277: 7264: 7263: 7240: 7239: 7226: 7225: 7199: 7198: 7167: 7166: 7143: 7142: 7129: 7128: 7102: 7101: 7075: 7074: 7031: 7030: 6971: 6970: 6958: 6957: 6949: 6917: 6916: 6908: 6881: 6880: 6872: 6845: 6844: 6836: 6806: 6805: 6798: 6771: 6770: 6762: 6735: 6734: 6726: 6699: 6698: 6690: 6663: 6662: 6654: 6627: 6626: 6618: 6593: 6592: 6585: 6560: 6559: 6552: 6527: 6526: 6519: 6480:2nd round votes 6474:1st round votes 6465: 6459: 6435:Election results 6251: 6241: 6200:5 November 2022 6197:15 January 2011 6190: 6141:15 January 2011 6131: 6119: 6114: 6103: 6102: 6089:Philippe Olivier 5936:Santiago Abascal 5832:under President 5828:, who served as 5822:Dana Rohrabacher 5767:Sweden Democrats 5588:and the Belgian 5441:Second World War 5397:two-round system 5362:rather than the 5199:Operation Serval 5187:dual citizenship 5136:world government 4776: 4769: 4762: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4712: 4644:Radio Courtoisie 4625: 4541: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4479: 4465: 4451: 4437: 4429: 4426:Action Française 4398:Resistance Party 4383:Rally for France 4306:The Nationalists 4296:Debout la France 4143:de Chateaubriand 4111: 4101: 4091: 4081: 4071: 4061: 4051: 4041: 4033: 4023: 4013: 4003: 3998:The Ancient City 3993: 3983: 3973: 3963: 3953: 3943: 3933: 3754:de Chateaubriand 3615: 3588: 3573:Social hierarchy 3551: 3515: 3496: 3447: 3423: 3385: 3357: 3347: 3332: 3331: 3169:Les Republicains 2871:Holocaust denial 2721: 2713:Catherine Mégret 2389:(1977) and his " 2259: 2250: 2211: 2208:Action Française 2200: 2192: 2184: 2168: 2162: 2100:. Again in the 2048:Holocaust denial 2002:for breaches of 1933: 1920:), known as the 1915: 1910: 1889: 1882: 1875: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1825: 1757:Radio Courtoisie 1738: 1654: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1592: 1578: 1564: 1550: 1542: 1539:Action Française 1511:Resistance Party 1496:Rally for France 1419:The Nationalists 1409:Debout la France 1256:de Chateaubriand 1224: 1214: 1204: 1194: 1184: 1174: 1164: 1154: 1146: 1136: 1126: 1116: 1111:The Ancient City 1106: 1096: 1086: 1076: 1066: 1056: 1046: 867:de Chateaubriand 728: 701: 686:Social hierarchy 664: 628: 609: 560: 536: 498: 470: 460: 445: 444: 429: 401: 396: 393: 379: 365: 351: 337: 323: 309: 295: 281: 196: 146:Preceded by 141: 139: 134: 54: 35: 34: 19704: 19703: 19699: 19698: 19697: 19695: 19694: 19693: 19664:Euronat members 19604: 19603: 19602: 19597: 19551: 19510: 19474: 19455:Nouvelle Droite 19428: 19319:Le Pen (Marine) 19167: 19158:Terre et Peuple 19138:Party of France 19098:Europe-Jeunesse 19073:Cité catholique 19036: 19012:Radical Network 18924: 18918: 18772:Pre-1945 people 18767: 18679:Camelots du Roi 18654:Pre-1945 groups 18649: 18608: 18603: 18573: 18568: 18540: 18521: 18492: 18487: 18457: 18448: 18441: 18434: 18423: 18416: 18398: 18390: 18382: 18377:Gilbert Collard 18375: 18368: 18358: 18354: 18347: 18338: 18332: 18322: 18318: 18311: 18300: 18292: 18286:Stéphane Ravier 18284: 18273: 18267:Gilbert Collard 18265: 18257: 18246: 18238: 18230: 18222: 18214: 18208:Bruno Gollnisch 18206: 18198: 18190: 18179: 18167: 18155: 18143: 18131: 18119: 18107: 18095: 18083: 18072: 18064: 18056: 18048: 18040: 18032: 18026:Vice-Presidents 18021: 18013: 18005: 17996: 17990: 17986: 17983: 17953: 17948: 17930: 17907: 17903:The Republicans 17879: 17856: 17852:Socialist Party 17823: 17800: 17794: 17764: 17759: 17746: 17726: 17720: 17696: 17676: 17670: 17666:Gerolf Annemans 17659:Party President 17650: 17638: 17627: 17615: 17603: 17591: 17579: 17567: 17555: 17543: 17531: 17519: 17501: 17491: 17487: 17484: 17436:Wayback Machine 17423: 17412: 17411: 17408: 17386: 17343: 17341: 17337: 17331: 17316: 17302: 17300: 17299:on 26 June 2015 17246: 17225: 17209: 17207:Further reading 17204: 17198: 17173: 17150: 17129: 17110: 17086: 17081: 17080: 17070: 17068: 17063: 17062: 17058: 17048: 17046: 17033: 17032: 17028: 17018: 17016: 17003: 17002: 16998: 16988: 16986: 16973: 16972: 16968: 16958: 16956: 16943: 16942: 16938: 16928: 16926: 16913: 16912: 16908: 16898: 16896: 16887: 16886: 16875: 16867: 16848: 16838: 16836: 16821: 16817: 16806: 16804:Wayback Machine 16794: 16790: 16780: 16778: 16765: 16764: 16760: 16750: 16748: 16735: 16734: 16730: 16720: 16718: 16705: 16704: 16700: 16690: 16688: 16675: 16674: 16670: 16660: 16658: 16645: 16644: 16640: 16630: 16628: 16613: 16609: 16596: 16595: 16591: 16581: 16579: 16556: 16547: 16537: 16535: 16522: 16521: 16517: 16504: 16503: 16499: 16494:. 10 July 2024. 16486: 16485: 16481: 16468: 16467: 16463: 16450: 16449: 16445: 16432: 16431: 16427: 16412: 16408: 16399: 16398: 16394: 16384: 16382: 16367: 16366: 16362: 16352: 16350: 16335: 16334: 16330: 16320: 16318: 16303: 16302: 16298: 16285: 16284: 16280: 16270: 16268: 16259: 16258: 16254: 16249:. 1 March 2024. 16241: 16240: 16236: 16226: 16224: 16217: 16213: 16203: 16201: 16192: 16191: 16187: 16174: 16173: 16169: 16156: 16155: 16151: 16138: 16137: 16133: 16128:. 1 April 2024. 16120: 16119: 16115: 16102: 16101: 16097: 16087: 16085: 16076: 16075: 16071: 16058: 16057: 16053: 16040: 16039: 16035: 16022: 16021: 16014: 16001: 16000: 15996: 15989: 15985: 15975: 15973: 15958: 15957: 15953: 15940: 15939: 15935: 15922: 15921: 15917: 15904: 15903: 15899: 15890: 15889: 15885: 15880:. 28 July 2004. 15876: 15875: 15871: 15862: 15861: 15857: 15847: 15845: 15840:. 12 May 2019. 15830: 15829: 15825: 15815: 15813: 15804: 15803: 15799: 15789: 15787: 15772: 15768: 15758: 15756: 15741: 15737: 15721: 15720: 15713: 15711: 15700: 15696: 15680: 15679: 15672: 15670: 15666: 15659: 15657:"Archived copy" 15655: 15654: 15650: 15640: 15638: 15629: 15628: 15624: 15614: 15612: 15595: 15591: 15581: 15579: 15568: 15564: 15556: 15545: 15537: 15533: 15523: 15521: 15518:Politico Europe 15512: 15511: 15507: 15499: 15495: 15487: 15483: 15475: 15471: 15461: 15459: 15454: 15453: 15449: 15439: 15437: 15430: 15426: 15412: 15410: 15395: 15391: 15381: 15379: 15364: 15363: 15359: 15349: 15347: 15332: 15328: 15318: 15316: 15301: 15300: 15293: 15283: 15281: 15264: 15260: 15250: 15248: 15228: 15221: 15211: 15209: 15194: 15193: 15189: 15179: 15177: 15162: 15158: 15148: 15146: 15135: 15131: 15121: 15119: 15106: 15105: 15101: 15093: 15089: 15079: 15077: 15062: 15061: 15057: 15047: 15045: 15030: 15029: 15025: 15015: 15013: 14998: 14997: 14993: 14985: 14981: 14971: 14969: 14960: 14959: 14955: 14945: 14943: 14934: 14933: 14929: 14924:. 19 June 2024. 14916: 14915: 14911: 14907: 14895: 14886: 14884: 14880: 14873: 14869: 14865: 14861: 14851: 14849: 14840: 14839: 14835: 14825: 14823: 14810: 14809: 14805: 14795: 14793: 14784: 14783: 14779: 14769: 14767: 14758: 14757: 14753: 14743: 14741: 14728: 14727: 14723: 14719: 14707: 14701:Financial Times 14695: 14691:. 24 June 2016. 14683: 14679: 14675: 14626: 14622: 14617:. 17 July 2024. 14609: 14608: 14604: 14599:. 19 June 2024. 14591: 14590: 14586: 14573: 14572: 14568: 14558: 14556: 14548:The Daily Beast 14539: 14535: 14516: 14512: 14502: 14500: 14483: 14479: 14469: 14467: 14452: 14448: 14438: 14436: 14435:on 8 March 2014 14427: 14426: 14422: 14412: 14410: 14401: 14400: 14396: 14391:Wayback Machine 14383: 14379: 14367:The Independent 14358: 14349: 14344:. 24 June 2024. 14342:Middle East Eye 14336: 14335: 14331: 14318: 14317: 14313: 14300: 14299: 14295: 14282: 14281: 14277: 14272:. 31 July 2024. 14264: 14263: 14259: 14250: 14249: 14245: 14236: 14235: 14231: 14215: 14214: 14210: 14197: 14196: 14192: 14176: 14175: 14171: 14161: 14159: 14142: 14138: 14128: 14126: 14111: 14107: 14097: 14095: 14086: 14085: 14081: 14071: 14069: 14052: 14045: 14037: 14028: 14020: 14016: 14008: 14004: 13994: 13992: 13987:. 28 May 2002. 13983: 13982: 13978: 13973:. 26 June 2024. 13969: 13968: 13964: 13954: 13952: 13943: 13942: 13938: 13925: 13924: 13915: 13910:. 12 June 2024. 13902: 13901: 13897: 13892:. 18 June 2024. 13890:Financial Times 13884: 13883: 13879: 13874:. 24 June 2024. 13872:Financial Times 13866: 13865: 13861: 13856:. 27 June 2024. 13848: 13847: 13843: 13833: 13831: 13821: 13817: 13807: 13805: 13795: 13791: 13781: 13779: 13770: 13769: 13765: 13755: 13753: 13738: 13734: 13724: 13722: 13713: 13712: 13708: 13700: 13696: 13688: 13677: 13673: 13661: 13652: 13650: 13642:The Independent 13630: 13626: 13616: 13614: 13597: 13593: 13587: 13572: 13568: 13553: 13549: 13542:The Independent 13534: 13530: 13521: 13520: 13516: 13499: 13498: 13494: 13489:. 5 March 2017. 13479: 13478: 13474: 13461: 13460: 13451: 13441: 13439: 13429: 13425: 13415: 13413: 13396: 13389: 13383:Wayback Machine 13372: 13371: 13367: 13357: 13355: 13346: 13345: 13341: 13331: 13329: 13312: 13308: 13300: 13293: 13285: 13278: 13270: 13266: 13256: 13254: 13241: 13240: 13236: 13222: 13218: 13204: 13193: 13183: 13181: 13174:Politico Europe 13166: 13162: 13152: 13150: 13140: 13131: 13125: 13118: 13102: 13098: 13088: 13086: 13075: 13071: 13061: 13059: 13044: 13040: 13030: 13028: 13013: 13009: 12999: 12997: 12988: 12987: 12983: 12975: 12971: 12963: 12959: 12951: 12944: 12936: 12932: 12922: 12920: 12912: 12911: 12907: 12897: 12895: 12886: 12885: 12881: 12873: 12869: 12861:Wayback Machine 12833: 12831: 12830:on 26 June 2015 12812: 12808: 12798: 12796: 12791: 12790: 12786: 12776: 12774: 12761: 12760: 12756: 12741: 12734: 12721: 12720: 12716: 12706: 12705: 12701: 12686: 12682: 12672: 12670: 12661: 12660: 12656: 12646: 12644: 12635: 12634: 12630: 12620: 12618: 12609: 12608: 12604: 12594: 12592: 12591:. 24 April 2022 12583: 12582: 12578: 12568: 12566: 12551: 12547: 12537: 12535: 12526: 12525: 12521: 12511: 12509: 12504:. 11 May 2021. 12500: 12499: 12495: 12485: 12483: 12478:. 16 May 2021. 12474: 12473: 12469: 12459: 12457: 12448: 12447: 12443: 12433: 12431: 12422: 12421: 12417: 12407: 12405: 12396: 12395: 12391: 12377:Wayback Machine 12367: 12363: 12353:Wayback Machine 12343: 12339: 12330: 12328: 12319: 12315: 12305: 12303: 12278: 12274: 12264: 12262: 12254:theguardian.com 12245: 12241: 12231: 12229: 12212: 12208: 12198: 12196: 12183: 12182: 12178: 12172:Wayback Machine 12162: 12158: 12148: 12146: 12119: 12115: 12105: 12103: 12088: 12084: 12074: 12072: 12057: 12053: 12043: 12041: 12026: 12022: 12017:Wayback Machine 12009: 12005: 11995: 11993: 11980: 11979: 11975: 11965: 11963: 11948: 11944: 11934: 11932: 11917: 11913: 11903: 11901: 11888: 11887: 11883: 11873: 11871: 11862: 11861: 11857: 11847: 11845: 11836: 11835: 11828: 11818: 11816: 11815:on 21 June 2012 11799: 11795: 11785: 11783: 11774: 11773: 11769: 11759: 11757: 11740: 11736: 11726: 11724: 11713: 11709: 11699: 11697: 11686: 11682: 11672: 11670: 11655: 11654: 11650: 11640: 11638: 11625: 11624: 11617: 11607: 11605: 11592: 11591: 11584: 11574: 11572: 11555: 11551: 11541: 11539: 11522: 11518: 11508: 11506: 11498: 11497: 11493: 11483: 11481: 11464: 11460: 11452: 11445: 11437: 11433: 11425: 11421: 11413: 11409: 11401: 11397: 11389: 11385: 11377: 11370: 11362: 11358: 11350: 11343: 11335: 11331: 11323: 11314: 11306: 11299: 11289: 11287: 11270: 11257: 11249: 11245: 11237: 11233: 11223: 11221: 11214: 11196: 11192: 11184: 11175: 11167: 11163: 11155: 11151: 11143: 11139: 11131: 11122: 11114: 11110: 11100: 11098: 11089: 11088: 11084: 11076: 11072: 11064: 11060: 11052: 11048: 11040: 11036: 11028: 11019: 11011: 11007: 10999: 10995: 10987: 10980: 10972: 10968: 10960: 10956: 10948: 10944: 10936: 10932: 10924: 10920: 10912: 10908: 10900: 10896: 10888: 10884: 10876: 10872: 10864: 10857: 10849: 10845: 10837: 10833: 10825: 10818: 10810: 10806: 10798: 10794: 10786: 10782: 10774: 10759: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10727: 10721: 10717: 10709: 10702: 10694: 10687: 10679: 10675: 10667: 10663: 10655: 10640: 10632: 10619: 10611: 10607: 10599: 10595: 10587: 10583: 10575: 10571: 10563: 10559: 10551: 10547: 10539: 10535: 10527: 10512: 10504: 10497: 10489: 10476: 10468: 10464: 10454: 10452: 10435: 10431: 10424: 10408: 10404: 10396: 10392: 10384: 10380: 10372: 10363: 10355: 10351: 10343: 10339: 10331: 10327: 10319: 10315: 10307: 10303: 10295: 10291: 10283: 10279: 10271: 10267: 10259: 10252: 10244: 10235: 10227: 10223: 10215: 10206: 10198: 10194: 10186: 10179: 10171: 10167: 10159: 10155: 10147: 10140: 10132: 10128: 10120: 10116: 10108: 10104: 10094: 10092: 10069: 10065: 10057: 10053: 10045: 10041: 10033: 10029: 10021: 10017: 10009: 10002: 9994: 9990: 9982: 9978: 9971: 9955: 9951: 9943: 9939: 9931: 9927: 9919: 9915: 9907: 9903: 9895: 9891: 9881: 9879: 9871: 9870: 9866: 9856: 9854: 9841: 9840: 9836: 9826: 9824: 9811: 9810: 9803: 9793: 9791: 9776: 9772: 9762: 9760: 9755:. 1 June 2018. 9747: 9746: 9739: 9729: 9727: 9714: 9713: 9706: 9677: 9675: 9665: 9661: 9651: 9649: 9648:on 13 June 2018 9640: 9639: 9635: 9625: 9623: 9616:The Independent 9608: 9604: 9594: 9592: 9583: 9582: 9578: 9566: 9564: 9551: 9542: 9540: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9507: 9505: 9492: 9488: 9479: 9477: 9464: 9460: 9451: 9449: 9444:. News.com.au. 9435: 9426: 9424: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9397: 9395: 9385: 9384: 9380: 9370: 9368: 9360: 9359: 9352: 9342: 9340: 9332:The Independent 9325: 9324: 9317: 9309: 9305: 9297: 9293: 9274: 9270: 9260: 9258: 9249: 9248: 9244: 9236: 9232: 9206: 9202: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9177: 9157: 9153: 9138:10.1002/wcc.604 9114: 9110: 9100: 9098: 9091: 9083:. p. 225. 9069: 9065: 9055: 9053: 9042: 9038: 9024: 9022: 8997: 8995: 8976: 8974: 8951: 8949: 8926: 8924: 8917:The Independent 8901: 8899: 8880: 8878: 8838: 8836: 8817: 8815: 8806: 8780: 8756: 8737: 8631: 8612: 8584: 8555: 8529: 8522: 8518: 8509: 8507: 8484: 8482: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8445: 8433: 8427: 8402: 8398: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8357: 8353: 8343: 8341: 8326: 8322: 8312: 8310: 8299: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8275: 8266: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8248: 8244: 8239: 8235: 8229: 8225: 8216: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8191: 8162: 8158: 8153: 8135:Neo-nationalism 8131: 8122: 8119: 8102: 8099: 8082: 8079: 8062: 8059: 8028: 8023: 8022: 8013: 8009: 7987: 7984: 7954: 7951: 7940:Jordan Bardella 7916: 7913: 7883: 7880: 7848: 7845: 7815: 7812: 7780: 7777: 7747: 7744: 7719: 7716: 7665: 7659: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7606:The Republicans 7595: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7550: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7516:Socialist Party 7505: 7502: 7498: 7495: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7369: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7291: 6969: 6960: 6950: 6947: 6930:Jordan Bardella 6919: 6909: 6906: 6883: 6873: 6870: 6847: 6837: 6834: 6799: 6796: 6773: 6763: 6760: 6737: 6727: 6724: 6701: 6691: 6688: 6665: 6655: 6652: 6629: 6619: 6616: 6586: 6583: 6553: 6550: 6520: 6517: 6458: 6437: 6417: 6381:Bruno Gollnisch 6347: 6314:Jordan Bardella 6271: 6269:Vice Presidents 6249: 6248:5 November 2022 6244:Jordan Bardella 6242: 6191: 6138:5 October 1972 6132: 6117: 6112: 6101: 6077:Gilles Pennelle 6053:Jordan Bardella 6049: 5994:Law and Justice 5975:Law and Justice 5973:, and Poland's 5905:Marion Maréchal 5896:Emmanuel Macron 5788:members of the 5740:Yasukuni Shrine 5698:Voice of Reason 5622:Northern League 5566: 5548:and her father 5542: 5522: 5500:The Independent 5490: 5459:daily newspaper 5422: 5417: 5401:François Bayrou 5389: 5377:Jordan Bardella 5372: 5352: 5333:Thierry Mariani 5270: 5250:Abraham Accords 5183:customs borders 5140:New World Order 5112: 5087: 5071: 5050:value-added tax 4991:anti-capitalist 4987: 4956: 4917: 4874: 4852:), ethnic (the 4829:Nouvelle Droite 4812:Nicolas Lebourg 4808:Jean-Yves Camus 4780: 4742: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4721: 4720: 4665: 4657: 4656: 4623: 4553: 4545: 4544: 4501:Cercle Proudhon 4492:Camelots du Roi 4469:Student Cockade 4435: 4416: 4408: 4407: 4331:The Republicans 4291:Alliance Royale 4283: 4275: 4274: 4173:Le Pen (Marine) 4123: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4099: 4089: 4079: 4069: 4059: 4049: 4039: 4031: 4021: 4011: 4001: 3991: 3981: 3971: 3961: 3951: 3941: 3931: 3922: 3914: 3913: 3689: 3681: 3680: 3666:Ultra-royalists 3605: 3597: 3596: 3512:Noblesse oblige 3471: 3463: 3462: 3382:Nouvelle Droite 3365: 3345: 3330: 3287: 3281: 3246: 3238:Jordan Bardella 3235: 3229: 3176:Gérald Darmanin 3161:Thierry Mariani 3089:Gilbert Collard 3075:Emmanuel Macron 3067: 3061: 3013:Mantes-la-Ville 2977: 2969:Nicolas Sarkozy 2958:Marion Maréchal 2954:Gilbert Collard 2897: 2891: 2886: 2820: 2783: 2771:Nouvelle Droite 2760:Bruno Gollnisch 2733: 2715: 2607:Communist Party 2590: 2474: 2469: 2445:Socialist Party 2407:Nouvelle Droite 2405:(1985) and the 2395:Bruno Gollnisch 2379:François Duprat 2371: 2325:Georges Bidault 2309:Pierre Bousquet 2305:Roger Holeindre 2277: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2252: 2251: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2193:(GUD), and the 2127: 2098:Emmanuel Macron 2056:de-demonisation 2029:Jordan Bardella 2022:. His daughter 1938:), is a French 1908: 1893: 1855: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1834: 1833: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1736: 1666: 1658: 1657: 1614:Cercle Proudhon 1605:Camelots du Roi 1582:Student Cockade 1548: 1529: 1521: 1520: 1444:The Republicans 1404:Alliance Royale 1396: 1388: 1387: 1286:Le Pen (Marine) 1236: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1212: 1202: 1192: 1182: 1172: 1162: 1152: 1144: 1134: 1124: 1114: 1104: 1094: 1084: 1074: 1064: 1054: 1044: 1035: 1027: 1026: 802: 794: 793: 779:Ultra-royalists 718: 710: 709: 625:Noblesse oblige 584: 576: 575: 495:Nouvelle Droite 478: 458: 439: 425: 424: 390: 380: 377: 366: 363: 352: 349: 338: 335: 324: 321: 310: 307: 296: 293: 279: 270: 222: 194: 160: 137: 135: 132: 122:Pierre Bousquet 98: 77:Vice Presidents 71:Jordan Bardella 45: 44: 41: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 19702: 19692: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19599: 19598: 19596: 19595: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19565: 19563:Dreyfus affair 19559: 19557: 19556:Notable events 19553: 19552: 19550: 19549: 19544: 19537: 19532: 19525: 19522:Nouvelle École 19518: 19508:National-Hebdo 19504: 19497: 19490: 19482: 19480: 19476: 19475: 19473: 19472: 19471: 19470: 19458: 19451: 19444: 19436: 19434: 19430: 19429: 19427: 19426: 19421: 19416: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19396: 19391: 19386: 19381: 19376: 19371: 19366: 19361: 19356: 19351: 19346: 19341: 19336: 19331: 19326: 19321: 19316: 19311: 19306: 19301: 19296: 19291: 19286: 19281: 19276: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19256: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19181: 19175: 19173: 19169: 19168: 19166: 19165: 19160: 19155: 19150: 19145: 19140: 19135: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19108:French Renewal 19105: 19100: 19095: 19090: 19085: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19055: 19050: 19044: 19042: 19038: 19037: 19035: 19034: 19032:Unité Radicale 19029: 19027:Troisième Voie 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18989: 18984: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18959: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18928: 18926: 18920: 18919: 18917: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18789:Benoist-Méchin 18786: 18781: 18775: 18773: 18769: 18768: 18766: 18765: 18758: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18734: 18727: 18720: 18713: 18706: 18701: 18696: 18689: 18682: 18675: 18670: 18665: 18657: 18655: 18651: 18650: 18648: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18616: 18614: 18610: 18609: 18602: 18601: 18594: 18587: 18579: 18570: 18569: 18567: 18566: 18560: 18554: 18548: 18546: 18542: 18541: 18539: 18538: 18529: 18527: 18523: 18522: 18520: 18519: 18516:Comités Jeanne 18513: 18507: 18504:National Front 18500: 18498: 18494: 18493: 18486: 18485: 18478: 18471: 18463: 18454: 18453: 18450: 18449: 18447: 18446: 18439: 18431: 18429: 18425: 18424: 18422: 18421: 18413: 18411: 18404: 18400: 18399: 18397: 18396: 18392:Jacques Peyrat 18388: 18380: 18373: 18366: 18352: 18349:National Front 18344: 18342: 18334: 18333: 18331: 18330: 18316: 18313:Tours Congress 18308: 18306: 18302: 18301: 18299: 18298: 18294:David Rachline 18290: 18281: 18279: 18275: 18274: 18272: 18271: 18263: 18254: 18252: 18248: 18247: 18245: 18244: 18236: 18228: 18220: 18212: 18204: 18196: 18187: 18185: 18181: 18180: 18178: 18177: 18165: 18153: 18141: 18129: 18117: 18105: 18093: 18080: 18078: 18074: 18073: 18071: 18070: 18062: 18054: 18046: 18038: 18029: 18027: 18023: 18022: 18020: 18019: 18011: 18002: 18000: 17992: 17991: 17987:National Rally 17982: 17981: 17974: 17967: 17959: 17950: 17949: 17935: 17932: 17931: 17929: 17928: 17923: 17921:National Rally 17917: 17915: 17909: 17908: 17906: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17889: 17887: 17881: 17880: 17878: 17877: 17872: 17866: 17864: 17858: 17857: 17855: 17854: 17849: 17847:The Ecologists 17844: 17839: 17833: 17831: 17825: 17824: 17822: 17821: 17816: 17814:Lutte Ouvrière 17810: 17808: 17802: 17801: 17793: 17792: 17785: 17778: 17770: 17761: 17760: 17753:Eurofoundation 17751: 17748: 17747: 17745: 17744: 17736: 17730: 17728: 17722: 17721: 17719: 17718: 17710: 17704: 17702: 17698: 17697: 17695: 17694: 17686: 17680: 17678: 17672: 17671: 17669: 17668: 17662: 17660: 17656: 17655: 17652: 17651: 17649: 17648: 17635: 17633: 17629: 17628: 17626: 17625: 17613: 17601: 17589: 17577: 17565: 17553: 17541: 17529: 17516: 17514: 17513:Member parties 17507: 17503: 17502: 17496: 17493: 17492: 17483: 17482: 17475: 17468: 17460: 17454: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17426: 17407: 17406:External links 17404: 17403: 17402: 17394:Winock, Michel 17390: 17385:978-0813389790 17384: 17371: 17361:(1): 179–196. 17350: 17329: 17309: 17288: 17279: 17250: 17244: 17229: 17223: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17202: 17196: 17177: 17171: 17154: 17148: 17133: 17127: 17114: 17108: 17087: 17085: 17082: 17079: 17078: 17056: 17026: 16996: 16966: 16936: 16906: 16873: 16871:, p. 319. 16846: 16815: 16788: 16758: 16728: 16698: 16668: 16638: 16607: 16589: 16545: 16515: 16510:The Media Line 16497: 16479: 16476:. 21 May 2024. 16461: 16443: 16425: 16406: 16392: 16360: 16328: 16296: 16293:. 20 May 2024. 16278: 16252: 16234: 16211: 16185: 16182:. 1 July 2024. 16167: 16149: 16131: 16113: 16095: 16080:. 8 May 2017. 16069: 16066:. 1 July 2024. 16051: 16048:. 1 July 2024. 16033: 16012: 16009:. 29 May 2019. 15994: 15983: 15951: 15933: 15915: 15912:. 13 May 2014. 15897: 15883: 15869: 15855: 15823: 15797: 15766: 15749:Foreign Policy 15735: 15694: 15648: 15622: 15589: 15562: 15531: 15505: 15503:, p. 194. 15493: 15491:, p. 193. 15481: 15479:, p. 198. 15469: 15447: 15424: 15389: 15357: 15326: 15291: 15273:Deutsche Welle 15258: 15219: 15187: 15156: 15129: 15099: 15097:, p. 317. 15087: 15055: 15023: 14991: 14989:, p. 308. 14979: 14953: 14927: 14909: 14906: 14905: 14893: 14866: 14859: 14833: 14803: 14792:on 19 May 2021 14777: 14751: 14721: 14718: 14717: 14715:. 24 May 2019. 14705: 14703:. 27 May 2019. 14693: 14680: 14673: 14620: 14602: 14584: 14581:. 6 June 2024. 14566: 14533: 14510: 14477: 14446: 14420: 14394: 14377: 14347: 14329: 14311: 14293: 14275: 14257: 14243: 14229: 14208: 14190: 14169: 14136: 14105: 14079: 14043: 14041:, p. 299. 14026: 14014: 14012:, p. 202. 14002: 13976: 13962: 13951:. 20 June 2024 13936: 13913: 13895: 13877: 13859: 13841: 13815: 13789: 13763: 13732: 13706: 13704:, p. 274. 13694: 13692:, p. 272. 13675: 13672: 13671: 13669:. 28 May 2014. 13659: 13631: 13624: 13591: 13585: 13566: 13547: 13528: 13514: 13492: 13472: 13449: 13423: 13387: 13365: 13339: 13306: 13304:, p. 315. 13291: 13276: 13264: 13247:Front National 13234: 13216: 13191: 13160: 13129: 13123: 13117:978-0691194752 13116: 13096: 13069: 13038: 13007: 12981: 12979:, p. 313. 12969: 12967:, p. 312. 12957: 12955:, p. 115. 12942: 12940:, p. 309. 12930: 12905: 12879: 12867: 12865: 12864: 12848:Winock, Michel 12845: 12840: 12819: 12806: 12784: 12754: 12732: 12729:. 9 July 2024. 12714: 12699: 12680: 12654: 12643:. 19 June 2022 12628: 12602: 12576: 12545: 12519: 12493: 12467: 12441: 12415: 12389: 12361: 12337: 12313: 12272: 12239: 12206: 12176: 12156: 12113: 12082: 12051: 12020: 12003: 11973: 11942: 11911: 11894:The New Yorker 11881: 11870:on 8 July 2014 11855: 11826: 11793: 11767: 11734: 11707: 11680: 11648: 11615: 11582: 11549: 11516: 11491: 11458: 11456:, p. 300. 11443: 11441:, p. 298. 11431: 11429:, p. 297. 11419: 11407: 11395: 11393:, p. 291. 11383: 11381:, p. 289. 11368: 11356: 11354:, p. 284. 11341: 11339:, p. 283. 11329: 11327:, p. 282. 11312: 11310:, p. 281. 11297: 11255: 11243: 11241:, p. 280. 11231: 11212: 11190: 11188:, p. 279. 11173: 11161: 11149: 11147:, p. 276. 11137: 11135:, p. 275. 11120: 11108: 11082: 11080:, p. 103. 11070: 11068:, p. 104. 11058: 11056:, p. 264. 11046: 11044:, p. 101. 11034: 11032:, p. 263. 11017: 11005: 10993: 10991:, p. 261. 10978: 10976:, p. 252. 10966: 10954: 10942: 10930: 10918: 10916:, p. 237. 10906: 10894: 10892:, p. 234. 10882: 10880:, p. 233. 10870: 10855: 10853:, pp. 89. 10843: 10831: 10829:, p. 227. 10816: 10804: 10802:, p. 224. 10792: 10780: 10778:, p. 219. 10757: 10755:, p. 217. 10745: 10715: 10700: 10698:, p. 216. 10685: 10673: 10671:, pp. 66. 10661: 10659:, p. 209. 10638: 10636:, p. 197. 10617: 10615:, p. 230. 10605: 10603:, p. 194. 10593: 10581: 10569: 10557: 10555:, p. 100. 10545: 10533: 10531:, p. 196. 10510: 10495: 10493:, p. 195. 10474: 10462: 10429: 10422: 10402: 10390: 10378: 10376:, p. 182. 10361: 10349: 10337: 10325: 10323:, p. 106. 10313: 10301: 10299:, p. 121. 10289: 10277: 10265: 10250: 10248:, p. 177. 10233: 10221: 10219:, p. 183. 10204: 10192: 10190:, p. 175. 10177: 10165: 10153: 10138: 10136:, p. 171. 10126: 10124:, p. 170. 10114: 10102: 10063: 10051: 10039: 10027: 10015: 10013:, p. 169. 10000: 9988: 9976: 9969: 9949: 9937: 9925: 9913: 9901: 9889: 9864: 9834: 9801: 9770: 9737: 9704: 9702: 9701: 9700: 9699: 9659: 9633: 9602: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9549: 9535:. 4 May 2015. 9517: 9515: 9514: 9489:Islamophobia: 9487: 9486: 9459: 9458: 9434: 9433: 9405: 9378: 9350: 9315: 9303: 9301:, p. 229. 9291: 9268: 9242: 9230: 9200: 9194: 9175: 9151: 9108: 9089: 9063: 9036: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9031: 9004: 8983: 8958: 8933: 8908: 8887: 8862: 8845: 8824: 8799: 8798: 8797: 8789:Análise Social 8784: 8779:978-0813389790 8778: 8765: 8760: 8754: 8741: 8736:978-1509536856 8735: 8718: 8700:(4): 392–413. 8685: 8656: 8646:(1): 160–178. 8635: 8629: 8616: 8610: 8597: 8588: 8583:978-0691194752 8582: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8553: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8491: 8466: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8443: 8431: 8425: 8403: 8396: 8393:. 1 July 2024. 8382: 8351: 8320: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8273: 8260: 8251: 8242: 8233: 8223: 8189: 8169:European Right 8165:European Right 8155: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8130: 8127: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8006: 8005: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7988: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7955: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7925: 7917: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7884: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7857: 7849: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7824: 7816: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7789: 7781: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7748: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7720: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7707: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7689: 7686: 7683: 7680: 7677: 7658: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7648: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7596: 7591: 7589: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7573: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7551: 7546: 7544: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7531: 7528: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7506: 7501: 7499: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7466: 7461: 7459: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7443: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7430: 7425: 7418: 7413: 7411: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7395: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7382: 7377: 7370: 7365: 7363: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7344: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7329: 7328:Winning party 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7280: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7258: 7255: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7242: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7201: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7025: 7022: 7019: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7004: 7001: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6978: 6975: 6974:Election year 6968: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6953: 6951: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6935: 6932: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6840: 6838: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6800: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6766: 6764: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6730: 6728: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6694: 6692: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6658: 6656: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6640: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6622: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6587: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6521: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6505: 6502: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6468:Election year 6457: 6454: 6436: 6433: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6340:(2022-present) 6338:Hélène Laporte 6335: 6332: 6330:David Rachline 6327: 6318: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6246: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6227:National Rally 6202: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6184: 6180: 6179: 6143: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6107: 6100: 6097: 6085:Hélène Laporte 6073:Julien Sanchez 6065:David Rachline 6048: 6045: 6032:Amichai Chikli 5965:government to 5888:Giorgia Meloni 5845:Matteo Salvini 5674:Volya Movement 5594:European Right 5574:European Right 5565: 5562: 5541: 5538: 5521: 5518: 5489: 5486: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5388: 5385: 5371: 5368: 5351: 5350:European Union 5348: 5322:Emmanuel Leroy 5284:, through the 5274:Vladimir Putin 5269: 5266: 5227:Western Sahara 5168:Saddam Hussein 5144:Treaty of Rome 5116:European Union 5111: 5110:Foreign policy 5108: 5095:National Front 5086: 5083: 5070: 5067: 4995:market liberal 4986: 4983: 4955: 4952: 4935:Following the 4916: 4913: 4882:zero tolerance 4873: 4870: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4738: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4671:Archeofuturism 4666: 4664:Related topics 4663: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4647: 4640: 4637:Nouvelle École 4633: 4626: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4481: 4480: 4471: 4466: 4457: 4455:March for Life 4452: 4443: 4438: 4430: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4378:Party of Order 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4321:National Rally 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4102: 4092: 4082: 4072: 4062: 4052: 4042: 4034: 4024: 4014: 4004: 3994: 3984: 3974: 3964: 3954: 3944: 3934: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3899:de Tocqueville 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3580: 3575: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3538: 3533: 3531:French culture 3528: 3523: 3521:Ethnopluralism 3518: 3517: 3516: 3507: 3497: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3476:Anti-communism 3472: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3439: 3434: 3424: 3415: 3414: 3413: 3411:Ultramontanism 3408: 3403: 3393: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3377: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3350: 3349: 3341: 3340: 3329: 3326: 3283:Main article: 3280: 3277: 3245: 3242: 3231:Main article: 3228: 3225: 3184:souverainistes 3098:In late 2017, 3063:Main article: 3060: 3057: 3001:Hénin-Beaumont 2976: 2973: 2893:Main article: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2819: 2816: 2782: 2779: 2732: 2729: 2687:The FN won an 2656:Salman Rushdie 2630:National Hebdo 2589: 2586: 2577:Jacques Chirac 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2449:political left 2399:Bernard Antony 2370: 2367: 2351:anti-communism 2297:Front National 2264: 2263: 2254: 2253: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2222:Count of Paris 2169:). During the 2155:French Algeria 2143:Pierre Poujade 2126: 2123: 2020:Jacques Chirac 2000:zero tolerance 1988:European Union 1926:Front national 1922:National Front 1901:National Rally 1895: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1877: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1851: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1784:Archeofuturism 1779: 1777:Related topics 1776: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1750:Nouvelle École 1746: 1739: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1708: 1701: 1694: 1687: 1680: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1627: 1618: 1609: 1594: 1593: 1584: 1579: 1570: 1568:March for Life 1565: 1556: 1551: 1543: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1491:Party of Order 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1434:National Rally 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1215: 1205: 1195: 1185: 1175: 1165: 1155: 1147: 1137: 1127: 1117: 1107: 1097: 1087: 1077: 1067: 1057: 1047: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1012:de Tocqueville 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 803: 800: 799: 796: 795: 792: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 765: 764: 759: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 708: 707: 702: 693: 688: 682: 677: 672: 667: 666: 665: 651: 646: 644:French culture 641: 636: 634:Ethnopluralism 631: 630: 629: 620: 610: 601: 596: 591: 589:Anti-communism 585: 582: 581: 578: 577: 574: 573: 568: 567: 566: 561: 552: 547: 537: 528: 527: 526: 524:Ultramontanism 521: 516: 506: 501: 500: 499: 490: 479: 476: 475: 472: 471: 463: 462: 454: 453: 441: 440: 423: 422: 417: 412: 406: 403: 402: 387: 386: 382: 381: 376: 374: 368: 367: 362: 360: 354: 353: 348: 346: 340: 339: 334: 332: 326: 325: 320: 318: 312: 311: 306: 304: 298: 297: 292: 290: 284: 283: 277: 273: 272: 265: 259: 258: 253: 247: 246: 240: 236: 235: 230: 224: 223: 221: 220: 215: 209: 207: 201: 200: 197: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 174: 168: 167: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 129: 125: 124: 115: 111: 110: 104: 100: 99: 97: 96: 94:Hélène Laporte 91: 89:David Rachline 86: 80: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 47: 46: 40:National Rally 39: 38: 28:National Front 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19701: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19611: 19609: 19593: 19589: 19586: 19584: 19581: 19579: 19576: 19573: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19560: 19558: 19554: 19548: 19545: 19543: 19542: 19538: 19536: 19533: 19531: 19530: 19526: 19524: 19523: 19519: 19517: 19514: 19509: 19505: 19503: 19502: 19498: 19496: 19495: 19491: 19489: 19488: 19484: 19483: 19481: 19477: 19469: 19468: 19464: 19463: 19462: 19459: 19457: 19456: 19452: 19450: 19449: 19445: 19443: 19442: 19438: 19437: 19435: 19431: 19425: 19422: 19420: 19417: 19415: 19412: 19410: 19407: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19392: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19372: 19370: 19367: 19365: 19362: 19360: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19350: 19347: 19345: 19342: 19340: 19337: 19335: 19332: 19330: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19315: 19312: 19310: 19307: 19305: 19302: 19300: 19297: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19285: 19282: 19280: 19277: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19267: 19265: 19262: 19260: 19257: 19255: 19252: 19250: 19247: 19245: 19242: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19185: 19182: 19180: 19177: 19176: 19174: 19170: 19164: 19161: 19159: 19156: 19154: 19151: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19045: 19043: 19041:Active groups 19039: 19033: 19030: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18993: 18992:Ordre Nouveau 18990: 18988: 18985: 18983: 18980: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18958: 18955: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18937:Europe-Action 18935: 18933: 18930: 18929: 18927: 18921: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18776: 18774: 18770: 18764: 18763: 18759: 18757: 18756: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18739: 18735: 18733: 18732: 18728: 18726: 18725: 18721: 18719: 18718: 18714: 18712: 18711: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18695: 18694: 18690: 18688: 18687: 18683: 18681: 18680: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18663: 18659: 18658: 18656: 18652: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18617: 18615: 18611: 18607: 18600: 18595: 18593: 18588: 18586: 18581: 18580: 18577: 18564: 18561: 18558: 18557:Marine Le Pen 18555: 18553: 18552:Le Pen family 18550: 18549: 18547: 18543: 18536: 18535: 18531: 18530: 18528: 18524: 18517: 18514: 18511: 18508: 18505: 18502: 18501: 18499: 18497:Organisations 18495: 18491: 18484: 18479: 18477: 18472: 18470: 18465: 18464: 18461: 18444: 18440: 18437: 18433: 18432: 18430: 18426: 18419: 18415: 18414: 18412: 18408: 18405: 18401: 18393: 18389: 18385: 18381: 18378: 18374: 18371: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18353: 18350: 18346: 18345: 18343: 18341: 18335: 18326: 18321: 18320:Lyon Congress 18317: 18314: 18310: 18309: 18307: 18303: 18295: 18291: 18287: 18283: 18282: 18280: 18276: 18268: 18264: 18260: 18256: 18255: 18253: 18249: 18241: 18237: 18233: 18232:Steeve Briois 18229: 18225: 18221: 18217: 18213: 18209: 18205: 18201: 18197: 18193: 18189: 18188: 18186: 18182: 18174: 18170: 18166: 18162: 18158: 18154: 18150: 18146: 18142: 18138: 18134: 18130: 18126: 18122: 18118: 18114: 18110: 18106: 18102: 18098: 18094: 18090: 18086: 18082: 18081: 18079: 18075: 18067: 18066:Steeve Briois 18063: 18059: 18055: 18051: 18047: 18043: 18039: 18035: 18031: 18030: 18028: 18024: 18016: 18015:Marine Le Pen 18012: 18008: 18004: 18003: 18001: 17999: 17993: 17989: 17980: 17975: 17973: 17968: 17966: 17961: 17960: 17957: 17947: 17943: 17939: 17933: 17927: 17924: 17922: 17919: 17918: 17916: 17914: 17910: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17890: 17888: 17886: 17882: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17867: 17865: 17863: 17859: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17834: 17832: 17830: 17826: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17811: 17809: 17807: 17803: 17799: 17791: 17786: 17784: 17779: 17777: 17772: 17771: 17768: 17758: 17754: 17749: 17743: 17742: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17731: 17729: 17723: 17717: 17716: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17705: 17703: 17699: 17693: 17692: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17681: 17679: 17673: 17667: 17664: 17663: 17661: 17657: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17636: 17634: 17630: 17624: 17619: 17614: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17564: 17559: 17554: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17517: 17515: 17511: 17508: 17504: 17500: 17494: 17490: 17481: 17476: 17474: 17469: 17467: 17462: 17461: 17458: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17433: 17430: 17427: 17421: 17415: 17410: 17409: 17399: 17395: 17391: 17387: 17381: 17377: 17372: 17368: 17364: 17360: 17356: 17351: 17336: 17332: 17326: 17322: 17315: 17310: 17298: 17294: 17289: 17285: 17280: 17276: 17272: 17268: 17264: 17260: 17256: 17251: 17247: 17241: 17238:. Routledge. 17237: 17236: 17230: 17226: 17220: 17216: 17211: 17210: 17199: 17193: 17189: 17185: 17184: 17178: 17174: 17168: 17164: 17160: 17155: 17151: 17145: 17141: 17140: 17134: 17130: 17124: 17121:. Routledge. 17120: 17115: 17111: 17109:9780674971530 17105: 17101: 17097: 17093: 17089: 17088: 17066: 17060: 17044: 17040: 17037:(in French). 17036: 17030: 17014: 17010: 17007:(in French). 17006: 17000: 16984: 16980: 16977:(in French). 16976: 16970: 16954: 16950: 16947:(in French). 16946: 16940: 16924: 16920: 16917:(in French). 16916: 16910: 16894: 16890: 16884: 16882: 16880: 16878: 16870: 16865: 16863: 16861: 16859: 16857: 16855: 16853: 16851: 16834: 16830: 16826: 16819: 16813: 16812: 16805: 16801: 16798: 16792: 16776: 16772: 16768: 16762: 16746: 16742: 16738: 16732: 16716: 16712: 16708: 16702: 16686: 16682: 16678: 16672: 16656: 16652: 16648: 16642: 16626: 16623:(in French). 16622: 16618: 16611: 16603: 16599: 16593: 16577: 16573: 16569: 16565: 16561: 16554: 16552: 16550: 16533: 16529: 16525: 16519: 16511: 16507: 16501: 16493: 16489: 16483: 16475: 16471: 16465: 16457: 16453: 16447: 16439: 16435: 16429: 16421: 16417: 16410: 16402: 16396: 16380: 16376: 16375: 16370: 16364: 16348: 16344: 16343: 16338: 16332: 16316: 16312: 16311: 16306: 16300: 16292: 16288: 16282: 16266: 16262: 16256: 16248: 16244: 16238: 16222: 16215: 16199: 16195: 16189: 16181: 16177: 16171: 16163: 16159: 16153: 16145: 16141: 16135: 16127: 16123: 16117: 16109: 16105: 16099: 16083: 16079: 16073: 16065: 16064:The Spectator 16061: 16055: 16047: 16043: 16037: 16030:. 5 May 2019. 16029: 16025: 16019: 16017: 16008: 16004: 15998: 15992: 15987: 15971: 15967: 15966: 15965:New Statesman 15961: 15955: 15947: 15946:The Telegraph 15943: 15937: 15929: 15925: 15919: 15911: 15907: 15901: 15893: 15887: 15879: 15873: 15865: 15859: 15843: 15839: 15838: 15837:The Telegraph 15833: 15827: 15811: 15807: 15801: 15785: 15782:(in French). 15781: 15777: 15770: 15754: 15750: 15746: 15739: 15731: 15725: 15709: 15705: 15698: 15690: 15684: 15665: 15658: 15652: 15636: 15632: 15626: 15610: 15606: 15605: 15600: 15593: 15577: 15574:. France 24. 15573: 15566: 15555: 15551: 15544: 15543: 15535: 15520:. 8 July 2024 15519: 15515: 15509: 15502: 15497: 15490: 15485: 15478: 15473: 15457: 15451: 15435: 15428: 15421: 15408: 15404: 15400: 15393: 15377: 15373: 15372: 15367: 15361: 15345: 15341: 15337: 15330: 15314: 15310: 15309: 15304: 15298: 15296: 15279: 15275: 15274: 15269: 15262: 15246: 15242: 15241: 15236: 15232: 15226: 15224: 15207: 15203: 15202: 15201:The Economist 15197: 15191: 15175: 15171: 15167: 15160: 15144: 15141:. France 24. 15140: 15133: 15117: 15113: 15109: 15103: 15096: 15091: 15075: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15059: 15043: 15039: 15038: 15033: 15027: 15011: 15007: 15006: 15001: 14995: 14988: 14983: 14967: 14963: 14957: 14941: 14937: 14931: 14923: 14919: 14913: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14879: 14872: 14868: 14867: 14863: 14847: 14843: 14837: 14821: 14817: 14813: 14807: 14791: 14787: 14781: 14765: 14761: 14755: 14739: 14735: 14731: 14725: 14714: 14710: 14706: 14702: 14698: 14694: 14690: 14686: 14682: 14681: 14677: 14669: 14665: 14661: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14643: 14639: 14635: 14631: 14624: 14616: 14612: 14606: 14598: 14594: 14588: 14580: 14576: 14570: 14554: 14550: 14549: 14544: 14537: 14529: 14525: 14521: 14514: 14498: 14494: 14493: 14488: 14481: 14465: 14461: 14457: 14450: 14434: 14430: 14424: 14408: 14404: 14398: 14392: 14388: 14385: 14381: 14373: 14369: 14368: 14363: 14356: 14354: 14352: 14343: 14339: 14333: 14325: 14321: 14315: 14307: 14303: 14297: 14289: 14285: 14279: 14271: 14267: 14261: 14253: 14247: 14239: 14233: 14226: 14222: 14218: 14212: 14204: 14200: 14194: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14173: 14157: 14153: 14152: 14147: 14146:"Madame Rage" 14140: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14109: 14093: 14089: 14083: 14067: 14063: 14062: 14057: 14050: 14048: 14040: 14035: 14033: 14031: 14023: 14018: 14011: 14006: 13990: 13986: 13980: 13972: 13966: 13950: 13946: 13940: 13932: 13928: 13922: 13920: 13918: 13909: 13905: 13899: 13891: 13887: 13881: 13873: 13869: 13863: 13855: 13851: 13845: 13830: 13826: 13819: 13804: 13800: 13793: 13777: 13773: 13767: 13751: 13747: 13743: 13736: 13720: 13716: 13710: 13703: 13698: 13691: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13668: 13664: 13660: 13648: 13644: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13632: 13628: 13612: 13608: 13607: 13602: 13595: 13589: 13581: 13577: 13570: 13562: 13558: 13551: 13543: 13539: 13532: 13524: 13518: 13511: 13506: 13502: 13496: 13488: 13487: 13482: 13476: 13468: 13464: 13458: 13456: 13454: 13438: 13434: 13427: 13411: 13407: 13406: 13401: 13394: 13392: 13384: 13380: 13377: 13369: 13353: 13349: 13343: 13327: 13323: 13322: 13321:The Telegraph 13317: 13310: 13303: 13298: 13296: 13289:, p. 95. 13288: 13283: 13281: 13273: 13268: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13238: 13231: 13230: 13226: 13220: 13213: 13212: 13211:The Telegraph 13208: 13202: 13200: 13198: 13196: 13179: 13175: 13171: 13164: 13149: 13148:The Telegraph 13145: 13138: 13136: 13134: 13127: 13119: 13113: 13109: 13108: 13100: 13084: 13080: 13073: 13057: 13053: 13049: 13042: 13026: 13022: 13018: 13011: 12995: 12991: 12985: 12978: 12973: 12966: 12961: 12954: 12949: 12947: 12939: 12934: 12919: 12915: 12909: 12893: 12889: 12883: 12876: 12871: 12862: 12858: 12855: 12854: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12829: 12825: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12810: 12794: 12788: 12772: 12768: 12764: 12758: 12750: 12746: 12739: 12737: 12728: 12724: 12718: 12710: 12703: 12695: 12691: 12684: 12668: 12664: 12658: 12642: 12638: 12632: 12616: 12612: 12606: 12590: 12586: 12580: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12549: 12533: 12529: 12523: 12507: 12503: 12497: 12481: 12477: 12471: 12455: 12451: 12445: 12429: 12425: 12419: 12403: 12399: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12381: 12378: 12374: 12371: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12354: 12350: 12347: 12341: 12326: 12325: 12317: 12301: 12297: 12293: 12289: 12284: 12276: 12260: 12256: 12255: 12250: 12243: 12227: 12224:(in French). 12223: 12222: 12217: 12210: 12194: 12190: 12186: 12180: 12173: 12169: 12166: 12160: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12132: 12131: 12125: 12117: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12086: 12070: 12066: 12065:The Economist 12062: 12055: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12024: 12018: 12014: 12011: 12007: 11991: 11987: 11983: 11977: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11946: 11930: 11926: 11925:The Telegraph 11922: 11915: 11899: 11895: 11891: 11885: 11869: 11865: 11859: 11843: 11839: 11833: 11831: 11814: 11810: 11809: 11804: 11797: 11781: 11777: 11771: 11755: 11751: 11750: 11745: 11738: 11722: 11719:. France 24. 11718: 11711: 11695: 11692:. France 24. 11691: 11684: 11668: 11664: 11663: 11658: 11652: 11636: 11632: 11628: 11622: 11620: 11603: 11599: 11595: 11589: 11587: 11570: 11566: 11565: 11564:The Telegraph 11560: 11553: 11537: 11533: 11532: 11527: 11520: 11505: 11501: 11495: 11479: 11476:(in French). 11475: 11474: 11469: 11462: 11455: 11450: 11448: 11440: 11435: 11428: 11423: 11416: 11411: 11404: 11399: 11392: 11387: 11380: 11375: 11373: 11365: 11360: 11353: 11348: 11346: 11338: 11333: 11326: 11321: 11319: 11317: 11309: 11304: 11302: 11285: 11281: 11280: 11279:The Telegraph 11275: 11268: 11266: 11264: 11262: 11260: 11252: 11247: 11240: 11235: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11194: 11187: 11182: 11180: 11178: 11170: 11165: 11158: 11153: 11146: 11141: 11134: 11129: 11127: 11125: 11117: 11112: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11079: 11074: 11067: 11062: 11055: 11050: 11043: 11038: 11031: 11026: 11024: 11022: 11014: 11009: 11002: 10997: 10990: 10985: 10983: 10975: 10970: 10963: 10958: 10951: 10946: 10940:, p. 93. 10939: 10934: 10927: 10922: 10915: 10910: 10903: 10898: 10891: 10886: 10879: 10874: 10868:, p. 90. 10867: 10862: 10860: 10852: 10847: 10840: 10835: 10828: 10823: 10821: 10814:, p. 70. 10813: 10808: 10801: 10796: 10790:, p. 68. 10789: 10784: 10777: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10754: 10749: 10733: 10726: 10719: 10713:, p. 80. 10712: 10707: 10705: 10697: 10692: 10690: 10682: 10677: 10670: 10665: 10658: 10653: 10651: 10649: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10635: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10614: 10609: 10602: 10597: 10591:, p. 63. 10590: 10585: 10579:, p. 62. 10578: 10573: 10567:, p. 76. 10566: 10561: 10554: 10549: 10543:, p. 61. 10542: 10537: 10530: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10519: 10517: 10515: 10508:, p. 60. 10507: 10502: 10500: 10492: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10479: 10471: 10466: 10450: 10446: 10445: 10440: 10433: 10425: 10419: 10415: 10414: 10406: 10399: 10394: 10387: 10382: 10375: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10358: 10353: 10347:, p. 43. 10346: 10341: 10334: 10329: 10322: 10317: 10310: 10305: 10298: 10293: 10286: 10281: 10274: 10269: 10263:, p. 41. 10262: 10257: 10255: 10247: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10230: 10225: 10218: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10201: 10196: 10189: 10184: 10182: 10174: 10169: 10162: 10157: 10151:, p. 39. 10150: 10145: 10143: 10135: 10130: 10123: 10118: 10111: 10106: 10090: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10067: 10061:, p. 13. 10060: 10055: 10049:, p. 94. 10048: 10043: 10036: 10031: 10024: 10019: 10012: 10007: 10005: 9997: 9992: 9985: 9980: 9972: 9966: 9962: 9961: 9953: 9946: 9941: 9934: 9929: 9922: 9917: 9910: 9905: 9898: 9893: 9878: 9874: 9868: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9838: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9806: 9789: 9785: 9781: 9774: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9744: 9742: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9711: 9709: 9696: 9692: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9670: 9663: 9647: 9643: 9637: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9606: 9590: 9586: 9580: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9525: 9521: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9490: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9462: 9447: 9443: 9438: 9437: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9413: 9409: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9382: 9367: 9363: 9357: 9355: 9338: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9322: 9320: 9312: 9307: 9300: 9295: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9272: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9239: 9234: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9204: 9198: 9182: 9178: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9163: 9155: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9112: 9096: 9092: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9067: 9051: 9047: 9040: 9020: 9016: 9015: 9010: 9005: 8993: 8990:. France 24. 8989: 8984: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8959: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8934: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8909: 8897: 8894:. France 24. 8893: 8888: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8846: 8834: 8831:. France 24. 8830: 8825: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8804: 8803: 8800: 8795:(1): 679–695. 8794: 8790: 8785: 8781: 8775: 8771: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8757: 8755:9781349284764 8751: 8747: 8742: 8738: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8636: 8632: 8630:9780472084418 8626: 8622: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8603: 8598: 8594: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8575: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8556: 8554:9782020232005 8550: 8546: 8541: 8540: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8527: 8525: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8492: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8452: 8451:The Economist 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8405: 8404: 8400: 8392: 8386: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8355: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8324: 8308: 8304: 8297: 8293: 8277: 8270: 8264: 8255: 8246: 8237: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8193: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8175:(1999–2001), 8174: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8156: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8097: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8077: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8065: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8017: 8011: 8007: 8000: 7997: 7989: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7956: 7949: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7936: 7933: 7932: 7929: 7926: 7918: 7911: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7902:Marine Le Pen 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7885: 7878: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7850: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7817: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7782: 7775: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7757: 7749: 7742: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7664: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7607: 7604: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7568:Marine Le Pen 7564: 7561: 7560: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7517: 7507: 7500: 7493: 7490: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7429: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7296: 7281: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7259: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7243: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7185:Marine Le Pen 7181: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7138: 7135: 7132: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7050: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6983:Second round 6972: 6952: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6911: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6875: 6868: 6865: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6839: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6817:Marine Le Pen 6813: 6810: 6809: 6801: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6765: 6758: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6729: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6693: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6657: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6632: 6621: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6588: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6555: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6522: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6400: 6399:Steeve Briois 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6321: 6316:, (2019–2022) 6315: 6312: 6309: 6308:Steeve Briois 6306: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6260: 6256: 6254: 6247: 6245: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6193:Marine Le Pen 6189: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6122: 6116: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6071:(treasurer), 6070: 6069:Kévin Pfeffer 6066: 6062: 6058: 6057:Steeve Briois 6055:(president), 6054: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6013: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5959:Narendra Modi 5956: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5921:Nenad Popović 5918: 5914: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5854: 5853:Umberto Bossi 5850: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5814:gold standard 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5775:Bürger in Wut 5772: 5771:Vlaams Belang 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5747:Marine Le Pen 5743: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5718:Welfare Party 5714: 5710: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5670:We Are Family 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5626:Vlaams Belang 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5546:Marine Le Pen 5537: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5477:anti-Semitism 5474: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5415:Controversies 5412: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5384: 5383:was ongoing. 5382: 5378: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5336: 5334: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5282:United States 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5166:. He visited 5165: 5162:and the 2003 5161: 5157: 5156:United States 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5040: 5039:welfare state 5036: 5035:globalisation 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5019:protectionism 5016: 5015:neoliberalism 5011: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4947: 4945: 4940: 4938: 4933: 4929: 4921: 4912: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4891: 4890:death penalty 4887: 4883: 4879: 4878:law-and-order 4872:Law and order 4869: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4858:working class 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4816:Michel Winock 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4800:James Shields 4793: 4788: 4777: 4772: 4770: 4765: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4578:L'Écho du Sud 4575: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4420: 4415:Organisations 4412: 4411: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4336:Soyons libres 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301:French Future 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4279: 4278: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4035: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3804:de La Mennais 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3688:Intellectuals 3685: 3684: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3612:Ancien Régime 3608: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3585:Souverainisme 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3526:Family values 3524: 3522: 3519: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3306:opinion polls 3304:According to 3302: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3262:Vlaams Belang 3259: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3093:Ludovic Pajot 3090: 3086: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3041: 3039: 3038: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2912: 2905: 2904:Marine Le Pen 2901: 2896: 2881: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2859:Pas de Calais 2856: 2855:Marine Le Pen 2852: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2829: 2824: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2799:Lionel Jospin 2796: 2787: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2566:death penalty 2563: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2547: 2546:collaborators 2543: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2482: 2478: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2355:Évian Accords 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2321:Ordre Nouveau 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2281:Ordre Nouveau 2272: 2267: 2258: 2249: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2197:Ordre Nouveau 2191: 2190: 2183: 2182: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2102:2022 election 2099: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2083:Schengen Area 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2025: 2024:Marine Le Pen 2021: 2016: 2012: 2011:Ordre Nouveau 2007: 2005: 2004:law and order 2001: 1997: 1996:protectionism 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1692: 1691:L'Écho du Sud 1688: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1528:Organisations 1525: 1524: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1449:Soyons libres 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1414:French Future 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1392: 1391: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1221: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 917:de La Mennais 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 804: 801:Intellectuals 798: 797: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 763: 760: 758: 755: 754: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 727: 726: 725:Ancien Régime 721: 720: 714: 713: 706: 703: 700: 699: 698:Souverainisme 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London. 13561:Al Jazeera 13505:Dutch News 13184:7 February 12923:5 November 12615:Franceinfo 12408:10 January 12265:15 October 12232:15 October 12189:La Dépêche 11927:. London. 11752:. London. 11531:20 Minutes 11504:Britannica 11091:"Archives" 9877:www.ft.com 9618:. London. 9567:9 December 9371:5 November 8919:. London. 8611:0472106635 8475:Liberation 8288:References 7977:7,765,936 7944:5,286,939 7906:4,712,461 7876:6.34 (#6) 7873:1,091,691 7841:9.81 (#4) 7838:1,684,792 7808:5.70 (#8) 7805:1,005,113 7770:2,050,086 7737:2,129,668 7709:2,210,334 7623:2,908,253 7617:2,743,497 7578:6,820,147 7572:6,018,672 7533:1,943,307 7527:2,223,800 7488:3,200,194 7482:3,564,064 7442:3,270,118 7394:3,396,141 7346:2,654,390 7254:8,133,828 7216:7,678,491 7189:6,421,426 7157:3,834,530 7133:5,525,032 7119:4,804,713 7092:4,570,838 7065:4,375,894 6977:Candidate 6899:3,589,465 6893:4,248,626 6863:1,590,858 6857:2,990,454 6821:3,528,373 6783:1,116,136 6747:2,873,390 6717:1,435,186 6711:3,791,063 6681:1,168,143 6675:3,155,702 6639:2,359,528 6603:2,703,442 6257:Incumbent 6113:Term start 6109:President 6099:Presidents 6047:Leadership 5818:Steve King 5786:Republican 5713:right-wing 5648:, and the 5620:, Italian 5550:Jean Marie 5526:Al Jazeera 5254:pro-Israel 5128:Maastricht 5099:Socialists 5023:Free World 4898:referendum 4886:referendum 4842:Boulangism 4353:Feuillants 4326:Reconquête 4265:de Villèle 4240:Retailleau 4106:Submission 3921:Literature 3884:de Rivarol 3864:Peyrefitte 3859:d'Ornellas 3834:de Maistre 3744:Brunetière 3714:de Benoist 3567:Patriotism 3541:Monarchism 3470:Principles 3437:Legitimism 3364:Ideologies 3314:exit polls 3079:En Marche! 2490:Socialists 2329:Poujadists 2160:frontistes 2125:Background 2036:xenophobia 1909:pronounced 1466:Feuillants 1439:Reconquête 1378:de Villèle 1353:Retailleau 1219:Submission 1034:Literature 997:de Rivarol 977:Peyrefitte 972:d'Ornellas 947:de Maistre 857:Brunetière 827:de Benoist 680:Patriotism 654:Monarchism 583:Principles 550:Legitimism 477:Ideologies 378:26 / 4,108 172:Youth wing 138:1972-10-05 19461:Pétainism 19379:Reynouard 19359:Philippot 19309:Le Gallou 19294:Holeindre 19289:Gollnisch 19209:Benedetti 18839:Déroulède 18784:Bainville 18625:Boulanger 18200:Carl Lang 17913:Far-right 17275:145348163 17188:Routledge 16839:31 August 16829:Le Figaro 16621:Le Figaro 16582:31 August 16572:1765-2898 16538:31 August 16456:Le Figaro 16180:Nova.news 16028:France 24 15724:cite news 15240:Mediapart 15180:7 January 15037:L'Express 14668:219020617 14660:1350-1763 14615:Ukrinform 14221:Le Figaro 13829:France 24 13667:France 24 13653:25 August 13257:28 August 12727:France 24 12641:France 24 12331:11 August 12296:0362-4331 12139:0362-4331 11567:. Paris. 11282:. Paris. 10095:31 August 10085:1765-2898 9695:Le Figaro 9557:L'Express 9398:10 August 9167:Routledge 9146:202196807 9081:Routledge 8714:146600042 8681:143522149 8538:Academic: 8532:far-right 8033:Election 7694:EP Group 7676:Election 7667:See also 7301:Election 6948:142 / 577 6375:Carl Lang 6229:in 2018. 5992:from the 5881:Reform UK 5858:In 2014, 5849:Lega Nord 5798:Joe Walsh 5592:in a new 5495:Mediapart 5481:Zionistic 5426:Holocaust 5316:trips to 5299:wrote in 5223:Omar Radi 5132:Amsterdam 5027:Communism 5004:Reaganite 4824:far-right 4624:(Defunct) 4599:Le Figaro 4158:de Gaulle 4133:de Bonald 4018:The Crowd 3854:d'Orcival 3729:de Bonald 3699:Bainville 3649:Muscadins 3624:Feuillant 3493:Dirigisme 3458:Sarkozysm 3451:Orléanism 3009:Le Pontet 2985:Beaucaire 2828:Marseille 2709:Vitrolles 2701:Marignane 2381:and his " 2131:Poujadism 2079:CFP franc 2060:far-right 1940:far-right 1903:(French: 1737:(Defunct) 1712:Le Figaro 1271:de Gaulle 1246:de Bonald 1131:The Crowd 967:d'Orcival 842:de Bonald 812:Bainville 762:Muscadins 737:Feuillant 606:Dirigisme 571:Sarkozysm 564:Orléanism 420:Elections 294:126 / 577 282:Navy blue 233:Far-right 67:President 19494:Éléments 19399:Stirbois 19369:Rachline 19339:Maréchal 19239:Brigneau 19229:Bousquet 19199:Bardella 19194:Bardèche 18987:Occident 18914:Vaugeois 18869:Maulnier 18844:Dorgères 18834:Deloncle 18809:Clémenti 18693:Faisceau 18428:European 18410:National 18169:M Le Pen 18157:M Le Pen 18145:M Le Pen 18133:J Le Pen 18121:J Le Pen 18109:J Le Pen 18097:J Le Pen 18085:J Le Pen 17893:Horizons 17806:Far-left 17432:Archived 17396:(1993). 17303:31 March 17098:(2017). 17043:Archived 17013:Archived 16983:Archived 16953:Archived 16923:Archived 16893:Archived 16833:Archived 16800:Archived 16625:Archived 16576:Archived 16532:Archived 16438:Euractiv 16379:Archived 16374:TV5Monde 16347:Archived 16315:Archived 16291:Euractiv 16265:Archived 16247:Le Monde 16198:Archived 16162:Le Monde 16144:Euractiv 16108:Le Monde 16082:Archived 15976:15 March 15970:Archived 15928:France24 15910:BBC News 15842:Archived 15810:Archived 15790:24 April 15784:Archived 15759:31 March 15753:Archived 15683:cite web 15673:24 April 15664:Archived 15635:Archived 15615:3 August 15609:Archived 15576:Archived 15407:Archived 15376:Archived 15371:Le Monde 15350:31 March 15344:Archived 15340:Le Monde 15319:31 March 15313:Archived 15278:Archived 15245:Archived 15212:14 April 15206:Archived 15174:Archived 15143:Archived 15116:Archived 15112:Le Monde 15074:Archived 15010:Archived 15005:Le Monde 14940:Archived 14887:31 March 14878:Archived 14846:Archived 14820:Archived 14770:23 April 14764:Archived 14738:Archived 14597:Politico 14579:Euractiv 14553:Archived 14528:Archived 14524:France24 14497:Archived 14464:Archived 14439:31 March 14413:31 March 14407:Archived 14387:Archived 14306:Politico 14162:1 August 14156:Archived 14129:1 August 14092:Archived 14072:2 August 14066:Archived 13989:Archived 13931:Euractiv 13908:Le Monde 13854:Le Monde 13803:Le Monde 13776:Archived 13750:Archived 13746:BBC News 13725:31 March 13719:Archived 13647:Archived 13611:Archived 13486:CBS News 13467:PBS News 13437:Le Monde 13410:Archived 13379:Archived 13352:Archived 13332:1 August 13326:Archived 13324:. Rome. 13178:Archived 13083:Archived 13056:Archived 13025:Archived 12994:Archived 12892:Archived 12857:Archived 12850:(dir.), 12834:31 March 12771:Archived 12694:Le Monde 12667:POLITICO 12589:BBC News 12563:Archived 12532:Archived 12506:Archived 12480:Archived 12454:Archived 12428:Archived 12402:Archived 12373:Archived 12349:Archived 12306:30 March 12300:Archived 12259:Archived 12226:Archived 12221:HuffPost 12199:11 March 12193:Archived 12168:Archived 12143:Archived 12106:31 March 12100:Archived 12075:31 March 12069:Archived 12044:31 March 12038:Archived 12013:Archived 11996:31 March 11990:Archived 11966:31 March 11960:Archived 11935:31 March 11929:Archived 11904:31 March 11898:Archived 11848:31 March 11842:Archived 11780:Archived 11754:Archived 11721:Archived 11694:Archived 11667:Archived 11641:15 April 11635:Archived 11631:BBC News 11608:15 April 11602:Archived 11598:BBC News 11575:15 April 11569:Archived 11478:Archived 11290:15 April 11284:Archived 11218:Archived 11101:31 March 11095:Archived 10732:Archived 10455:22 March 10449:Archived 10089:Archived 9851:Archived 9821:Archived 9788:Archived 9757:Archived 9753:Le Monde 9730:11 March 9724:Archived 9720:Le Monde 9673:POLITICO 9652:31 March 9626:31 March 9620:Archived 9561:Archived 9537:Archived 9533:BBC News 9502:Archived 9474:Archived 9452:31 March 9446:Archived 9427:31 March 9337:Archived 9214:Pouvoirs 9181:Archived 9095:Archived 9050:Archived 9019:Archived 8992:Archived 8971:Archived 8946:Archived 8927:31 March 8921:Archived 8896:Archived 8875:Archived 8858:Archived 8854:France24 8833:Archived 8812:Archived 8510:31 March 8504:Archived 8485:9 August 8479:Archived 8369:Archived 8365:BBC News 8338:Archived 8307:Archived 8271:in 1989. 8179:(2007), 8129:See also 7021:190,921 6907:89 / 577 6827:842,684 6753:393,205 6617:35 / 573 6504:108,616 6118:Term end 5810:Ron Paul 5735:Issuikai 5690:ANO 2011 5509:donation 5356:Eurozone 5193:and the 5164:Iraq War 5160:Gulf War 5124:Schengen 5085:Feminism 4834:populist 4613:Le Point 4585:La Croix 4564:Éléments 4531:Hussards 4235:Pompidou 4220:Poincaré 4210:Pécresse 4200:Maréchal 4195:MacMahon 3958:The Pope 3904:Veuillot 3819:Lemaître 3814:Lefebvre 3739:Bruckner 3562:Nativism 3427:Royalism 3391:Gaullism 3375:Integral 3337:a series 3328:Ideology 3322:Ensemble 3154:pep talk 2941:For the 2845:For the 2793:For the 2674:Islamism 2654:against 2622:notables 2603:populist 2599:notables 2562:notables 2556:For the 2432:For the 2397:(1983), 2313:Militant 2218:monarchy 2216:, a pro- 2181:Occident 2157:, (many 2135:populist 1726:Le Point 1698:La Croix 1677:Éléments 1644:Hussards 1348:Pompidou 1333:Poincaré 1323:Pécresse 1313:Maréchal 1308:MacMahon 1071:The Pope 1017:Veuillot 932:Lemaître 927:Lefebvre 852:Bruckner 675:Nativism 540:Royalism 504:Gaullism 488:Integral 450:a series 205:Ideology 114:Founders 19541:Rivarol 19529:Présent 19424:Zemmour 19354:Messiha 19224:Bouchet 19219:Bompard 19078:Civitas 18923:Defunct 18904:Rebatet 18894:Plateau 18879:Maxence 18874:Maurras 18819:Darnard 18794:Bonnard 18640:Drumont 18518:(2016–) 18512:(2015–) 18296:(2014-) 18288:(2014-) 18269:(2012-) 18242:(2014-) 18068:(2014-) 18060:(2012-) 18052:(2012-) 18044:(2011-) 18036:(2011-) 17506:Parties 17084:Sources 16420:Twitter 16126:Reuters 15714:17 July 15382:4 April 15170:Haaretz 14946:6 April 14713:Reuters 14119:Reuters 13995:24 July 13955:30 June 13834:27 June 13808:27 June 13617:17 July 13442:26 June 13153:26 June 12777:30 June 12673:14 June 12647:19 June 12621:14 June 12595:14 June 12569:28 June 12460:6 April 12434:6 April 12034:Reuters 11874:4 April 11819:30 June 11786:30 June 11760:30 June 11509:14 June 10444:Jacobin 9595:17 June 9543:21 June 9261:26 June 9126:Bibcode 8977:30 June 8367:. 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