National Rally - Knowledge

2812:. In a shock outcome, Le Pen outperformed Jospin (by 0.7%) in the 1st round, placing second and advancing to the runoff. This resulted in the first presidential run-off since 1969 without a leftist candidate and the first ever with a candidate from the far-right. To Le Pen's advantage, the election campaign had increasingly focused on law-and-order issues, helped by media attention on a number of violent incidents. Jospin had also been weakened due to the competition between an exceptional number of leftist parties. Nevertheless, Chirac did not even have to campaign in the second round, as widespread anti-Le Pen protests from the media and public opinion culminated on 3366: 479: 2922: 3055: 2259: 2911: 2797: 17431: 5523:

concerning her loan requests. Since November 2014, she insists that if a French bank agrees to give her a loan, she would break her contract with the FCBR, but she has not received any other counter-propositions. Le Pen accused the banks of collusion with the government. In April 2015, a Russian hacker group published texts and emails between Timur Prokopenko, a member of Putin's administration, and Konstantin Rykov, a former Duma deputy with ties to France, discussing Russian financial support to the National Front in exchange for its support of

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it saw a drop to around 5% in some late 2000s elections. Since 2010, the party's support seems to have increased towards its former heights. The party managed to advance to the final round of the 2002 French presidential election, although it failed to attract much more support after the initial first round vote. In the late 2000s the party suffered decline in elections. Under Marine Le Pen's presidency the party has increased its vote share significantly. The National Front came first in a national election for the first time during the

6199: 6250: 17557: 17545: 2353:(National Front of Youth; FNJ). The rhetoric used in the campaign stressed old, far-right themes and was largely uninspiring to the electorate at the time. Otherwise, its official program at this point was relatively moderate, differing little from the mainstream right's. Le Pen sought the "total fusion" of the currents in the party, and warned against "crude activism." The FNJ were banned from the party later that year. The move towards the mainstream cost it many leading members and much of its militant base. 63: 2539:, the FN won 11% of the vote and ten seats, in a contest that was considered to have a low level of importance by the public, which played to the party's advantage. The FN, notably, made inroads in both right-wing and left-wing constituencies, and finished 2nd in a number of towns. While many Socialists had arguably exploited the party in order to divide the right, Mitterrand later conceded that he had underestimated Le Pen. By July, 17% of opinion poll respondents held a positive opinion of the FN. 2488: 17605: 4798: 5052:. As the party gained growing support from the economically vulnerable, it converted towards politics of social welfare and economic protectionism. This was part of its shift away from its former claim of being the "social, popular, and national right" to its claim of being "neither right nor left – French!" Increasingly, the party's program became an amalgam of free market and welfarist policies. By the 2010s, some political commentators described its economic policies as left-wing. 6140: 2069:" of the party by softening its image and trying to frame the party as being neither right nor left. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right roots, as well as censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended and then expelled from the party in 2015. Following her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN grew. By 2015, the FN had established itself as a major political party in France. Sources traditionally label the party as 4742: 1855: 2718:. Le Pen then declared that his party would implement its "national preference" policy, with the risk of provoking the central government and being at odds with the laws of the Republic. The FN's elected representatives pursued interventionist policies with regards to the new cultural complexion of their towns by directly influencing artistic events, cinema schedules, and library holdings, as well as cutting or halting subsidies for multicultural associations. The party won 2747: 17629: 17617: 3098:, the FN received 13.02% of the vote, a little lower than the 13.07% of the 2012 elections. The party appeared to have suffered from a demobilisation of its voters from the previous vote. Nonetheless, eight deputies (six FN and two affiliated) were elected, the best number for the FN in a parliamentary election using a majoritarian electoral system since its creation. Marine Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly for the first time, while 17652: 17569: 17533: 3230:, the party received 18.68% of the votes in the first round and won 89 seats in the second round, a significant increase from the previous total of 8 seats. The 89 seats enabled the National Rally to form a parliamentary group, for which at least 15 deputies are required, for the first time since 1986, when the national assembly was elected by proportional voting. The result made the party the 3rd largest party in the assembly and the largest 5299:. The National Front denounces anti-Russian feelings in Eastern Europe and the submission of Western Europe to "Washington's" interests in the region. Marine Le Pen is very critical against the threats of sanctions directed by the international community against Russia: "European countries should seek a solution through diplomacy rather than making threats that could lead to an escalation." She argues that the United States is leading a 2834: 2773:, favoured tactical cooperation with a weakened centre-right following the left's victory, Le Pen rejected any such "compromise." In the tenth FN national congress in 1997, Mégret stepped up his position in the party as its rising star and a potential leader following Le Pen. Le Pen however refused to designate Mégret as his successor-elect, and instead made his wife Jany the leader of the FN list for the upcoming European election. 2575:, who had joined the party after its 1984 success. The RPR won a majority with smaller, centre-right parties, and thus avoided the need to deal with the FN. Although FN was unable to exercise any real political influence, the party could project an image of political legitimacy. Several of its legislative proposals were controversial and had a socially reactionary and xenophobic character, among them attempts to restore the 17581: 4754: 1867: 17593: 8003: 7970: 7932: 7899: 7864: 7831: 7796: 7656: 7611: 7566: 7521: 7481: 7433: 7235: 7208: 7176: 7152: 7138: 7084: 7040: 6967: 6926: 6890: 6854: 6780: 6744: 6708: 6672: 6636: 3042:. While some of these cities were in southern France (like Fréjus) which traditionally votes more for right-wing parties than the rest of the country, others were located in northern France, where Socialist Party had been strong until the 2010s. Following these elections, the National Front had, in cities of over 1,000 inhabitants, 1,546 and 459 councilors at two different levels of local government. 7763: 7385: 7287: 7273: 7249: 7111: 6815: 6602: 6569: 6536: 5357:, but not heavy weapons that would make France a "co-belligerent" in the conflict. Similarly, Bardella has expressed support for defense equipment, ammunition and logistical assistance to Ukraine, but maintains opposition to giving long-range missiles to Ukraine or deploying French soldiers there. He is also opposed to Ukrainian NATO membership, suggesting it could escalate the war. 2532:

appearance in a monthly poll of political popularity, in which 9% of respondents held a "positive opinion" of the FN and some support for Le Pen personally. The next month, Le Pen was, for the first time, invited on a prime-time television interview programme, which he himself later deemed "the hour that changed everything".

16427:"News: Morawiecki inviting Orbán's Fidesz and Le Pen's National Rally to join Law and Justice's group in European Parliament. The common goal is "to save Europe" and "the ECR will most likely accept everyone who agrees against the dominant liberal and left-wing groups that are on course to destroy Europe," says Morawiecki" 2784:, with a vision of building bridges to the parliamentary right. Many had also been particularly influential in intellectualising the FN's policies on immigration, identity, and "national preference". Following the split, Le Pen denounced them as "extremist" and "racist". Support for the two parties was almost equal in the 3167:". Bannon advised the party members to "Let them call you racist, let them call you xenophobes, let them call you nativists. Wear it like a badge of honor. Because every day, we get stronger and they get weaker. ... History is on our side and will bring us victory." Bannon's remarks brought the members to their feet. 2612:. With his entourage, Le Pen traversed France for the entire period and, helped by Mégret, employed an American-style campaign. Le Pen's presidential campaign was highly successful; no candidates came close to rival his ability to excite audiences at rallies and boost ratings at television appearances. Using a 5477:

about the fact that some of her European senior colleagues had formed alliances with, and visited, some Israeli settlers and groups, Marine Le Pen said: "The shared concern about radical Islam explains the relationship ... but it is possible that behind it is also the need of the visitors from Europe

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said that the Russian government considered the National Front "capable of seizing power in France and changing the course of European history in Moscow's favour." According to the French media, party leaders had frequent contact with Russian ambassador Alexander Orlov and Marine Le Pen made multiple

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centre-right. In the 2010s, the party attempted to "de-demonise" its image and changed its name to National Rally. A 2022 Kanar survey found that 46% of French voters saw Marine Le Pen as "representing a patriotic Right attached to traditional values", although 50% saw her as "a danger to democracy".

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was critical of the FN, claiming that the FN's association with "anti-Semitism and general prejudice" made it impossible for UKIP to join Le Pen's efforts for a united right-wing populist European Parliament group despite an invitation from PVV leader Wilders. In 2017, Marine Le Pen met with and was

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and always defended Israel's right to exist". She has opposed the emigration of French Jews to Israel in response to radical Islam, explaining: "The Jews of France are Frenchmen, they're at home here, and they must stay here and not emigrate. The country is obligated to provide solutions against the

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The FN has changed considerably since its foundation, pursuing the principles of modernisation and pragmatism, and adapting to the changing political climate. Its message increasingly influenced mainstream political parties, and some commentators described it as right-wing, moving closer towards the

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Le Pen protested the "media boycott" against his party by sending letters to President Mitterrand in mid-1982. Following an exchange of letters with Le Pen, Mitterrand instructed the heads of the main television channels to give equitable coverage to the FN. In January 1984, the party made its first

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to national power for the first time in the Fifth Republic; Mitterrand immediately dissolved the National Assembly and called a snap legislative election. With only three weeks to prepare its campaign, the FN fielded only a limited number of candidates and won only 0.2% of the national vote. The PFN

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The National Front was a marginal party in 1973, the first election it participated in, but the party made its breakthrough in the 1984 European Parliament election, where it won 11% of the vote and ten MEPs. Following this election, the party's support mostly ranged from around 10 to 15%, although

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The party's stance on NATO has varied throughout the years. Under Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership, the party advocated a complete withdrawal from the organization, while under Marine Le Pen's leadership, the party has softened its stance to instead advocate leaving NATO's integrated military command

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Jean-Marie Le Pen announced in September 2008 that he would retire as FN president in 2010. Le Pen's daughter Marine Le Pen and FN executive vice-president Bruno Gollnisch campaigned to succeed Le Pen, with Marine's candidacy backed by her father. On 15 January 2011, it was announced that Marine Le

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from the Russian government but a loan from a private Russian bank because no other bank would give her a loan. This loan is meant to prepare future electoral campaigns and to be repaid progressively. Marine Le Pen has publicly disclosed all the rejection letters that French banks have sent to her

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in a demonstration of 1.5 million participants across France. Chirac also refused to debate with Le Pen, and the traditional televised debate was cancelled. In the end, Chirac won the presidential run-off with an unprecedented 82.2% of the vote, with 71% of his votes—according to polls—cast simply

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Lechevalier said that most National Front politicians, and most of its leaders, held similar views as the GI. But they had to hide them from voters, she said. "We need the greatest number of people to come to our side to obtain the highest vote, in order to win,' she said. 'Then we can do what we

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Under Jordan Bardella, the RN has adopted some more pro-market policies, including lower taxes, and simplification of industrial norms. Bardella advocated an audit of public finances as a precursor to determining the 2025 budget. Bardella has sought to use these policies to court business support

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Le Pen's campaign for the presidential election unofficially began in the months following the 1986 election. To promote his statesmanship credentials, he made trips to South East Asia, the United States, and Africa. The management of the formal campaign, launched in April 1987, was entrusted to

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In France, parties have to secure support from a specific number of elected officials, from a specific number of departments, in order to be eligible to run for election. In 1976, the number of required elected officials was increased fivefold from the 1974 presidential cycle, and the number of

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in the late 1980s, some valuable FN politicians left the party. Soon, other quarrels left the party without its remaining member of the National Assembly. In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early

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in October 1983, the FN won 17% of the vote. With the choice of defeat to the political left or dealing with the FN, the local RPR and UDF agreed to form an alliance with the FN, causing a national sensation; together, they won the second round with 55% of the vote. The events in Dreux were a

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was its founder and leader until his resignation in 2011. While its influence was marginal until 1984, the party's role as a nationalist electoral force has grown considerably. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election,

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While the French party system had been dominated by polarisation and competition between the clear-cut ideological alternatives of two political blocs in the 1970s, the two blocs had largely moved towards the centre by the mid-1980s. This led many voters to perceive the blocs as more or less

4957:(immigrants minus emigrants) of 10,000 in France per year. Since 2017, that yearly net immigration rate was around 182,000 if one takes into account only people born abroad from non-French parents, but was around 44,000 if one includes also the departures and returns of French expatriates. 2956:, opinion polls showed Marine Le Pen as a serious challenger, with a few polls even suggesting that she could win the first round of the election. In the event, Le Pen came 3rd in the first round, scoring 17.9% – the best showing ever in a presidential election for the FN at that time. 2440:, the PFN became part of an attempt to build a "Euro-Right" alliance of the continent's far-right parties, and was in the end the only one of the two that contested the election. It fielded Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour as its primary candidate, while Le Pen called for voter abstention. 5909:

after he compared her to Le Pen, while Le Pen criticised Meloni's illegal immigration policies. However, in early 2024, Le Pen and Meloni made overtures to one another, declining to rule out future cooperation between their parties. In July 2024, Meloni praised Le Pen's alliance with

14372: 2314:(MSI), which at the time appeared to establish a broad coalition of the Italian hard right. The FN adopted a French version of the MSI tricolour flame as its logo. ON wanted to unite the various French far-right currents, and brought together "nationals" of Le Pen's group and 13520:

Le Pen said she and Wilders differ in their approach to Islam. 'I am against the visibility of Islam in society. We have a tradition of a strict division between church and state so I think religious symbolism has no place in the street. But I have nothing against Islam per

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was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. She temporarily stepped down in 2017 in order to concentrate on her presidential candidacy; she resumed her leadership after the election. She headed the party until 2021, when she temporarily resigned again. A year later,

2447:, both Le Pen and Pascal Gauchon of the PFN declared their intentions to run. However, an increased requirement regarding obtaining signatures of support from elected officials had been introduced for the election, which left both Le Pen and Gauchon unable to participate. 2934:

Pen had received the two-thirds vote needed to become the new leader of the FN. She embarked on a project to transform the FN into a "mainstream party" by softening its xenophobic image. Opinion polls showed the party's popularity increase under Marine Le Pen, and in the

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In 2022, Marine Le Pen proposed an end to “family reunification” rights for foreigners with residency permits and the end to the right to automatic citizenship for children born in France to foreigners living there. She also supported a referendum on immigration policy.

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By the early 1980s, the FN featured a mosaic of ideological tendencies and attracted figures who were previously resistant to the party. The party managed to draw supporters from the mainstream right, including some high-profile defectors from the RPR, the UDF, and the

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parties. Having failed to cooperate in the European Parliament, Le Pen sought in the mid-1990s to initiate contacts with other far-right parties, including from non-EU countries. The FN drew most support in Central and Eastern Europe, and Le Pen visited the Turkish

3066:, finishing first with 24.86% of the vote and 24 of France's 74 seats. This was said to be "the first time the anti-immigrant, anti-EU party had won a nationwide election in its four-decade history." The party's success came as a "shock" in France and the EU. 12490: 11874: 5219:

for "fighting radical Islam", stating that Egypt's "ability to separate extremist Islam from the religion sets an example to the rest of the world, including France, of how to deal with poisonous ideologies". The party has also favourably contrasted the

12621: 5462:. The leader of the party, Marine Le Pen, distanced herself for a time from the party machine in protest at her father's comments. In response to her father's remarks, Marine Le Pen referred to the Holocaust as the "abomination of abominations". 9630: 8931: 2372:." Despite being the only nationalist candidate, he failed to gain the support of the whole of the far-right, as the various groups either rallied behind other candidates or called for voter abstention. The campaign further lost ground when the 2788:, as the FN polled its lowest national score since 1984 with just 5.7%, and the MNR won 3.3%. The effects of the split, and competition from more moderate nationalists, resulted in their combined support being lower than the FN result of 1984. 14830: 13657: 4942:

After the 1999 split, the FN cultivated a more moderate image on immigration and Islam, no longer calling for the systematic repatriation of legal immigrants but still supporting the deportation of illegal, criminal or unemployed immigrants.

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Marine Le Pen rescinded the party's traditional support for the death penalty with her 2017 campaign launch, instead announcing support for imprisonment "in perpetuity" for the "worst crimes" in February 2017. In 2022, she proposed to hold a

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held on the same day, FN won 137 seats, and gained representation in 21 of the 22 French regional councils. The RPR depended on FN support to win presidencies in some regional councils, and the FN won vice-presidential posts in four regions.

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were also accepted in the party, as Le Pen urged the need for "reconciliation", arguing that forty years after the war the only important question was whether or not "they wish to serve their country". The FN won 8.7% overall support in the

2507:) of 1983, in turn inducing them to seek out to new political alternatives. By October 1982, Le Pen supported the prospect of deals with the mainstream right, provided that the FN did not have to soften its position on "key issues." In the 3152:. However, the name change faced opposition from an already-existing party named "Rassemblement national", whose president, Igor Kurek, described it as "Gaullist and republican right": the party had previously registered its name with the 9456: 14382: 5303:

against Russia. She sees no other solution for peace in Ukraine than to organise a kind of federation that would allow each region to have a large degree of autonomy. She thinks Ukraine should be sovereign and free as any other nation.

2765:. The result showed that the party had become established enough to compete without its leader, who had decided not to run, in order to focus on the 2002 presidential election. Although it won only one seat in the National Assembly, in 2523:, where Le Pen was elected to the local council with 11% of the vote. |Subsequent by-elections kept media attention on the party, which was for the first time able to pose as a viable component of the broader right. In a by-election in 5543:, a far-right group. In secretly taped conversations, RN leaders endorsed goals of Generation Identity and discussed plans to "remigrate" immigrants, effectively sending them back to their countries of origin, if the RN came to power. 2849:, in part in an attempt to reduce the FN's influence in regional councils. The FN won 15.1% of the vote in metropolitan France, almost the same as in 1998, but its number of councillors was almost halved due to the new system. For the 2342:, Algerian War veterans, and some monarchists, among others. Le Pen was chosen to be the first president of the party, as he was untainted with the militant public image of the ON and was a relatively moderate figure in the far-right. 12236: 9287:

Lebourg, Nicolas; Preda, Jonathan (15 May 2013). "Ordre Nouveau, fin des illusions droitières et matrice activiste du premier Front national" [New Order, end of illusions and the activist matrix of the first National Front].

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shared his views, prompting a rebuke by President Macron. Chikli later described his relations with the RN, stating it was "natural that conservative leaders will have good relations with conservative leaders all across the globe".

5232:, criticising Macron's attempts to deepen ties with Algeria. In January 2023, the National Rally was one of only four parties in the European Parliament that voted against a resolution condemning Morocco's treatment of journalist 2579:, expel foreigners who "proportionally committed more crimes than the French", restrict naturalisation, introduce a "national preference" for employment, impose taxes on the hiring of foreigners by French companies, and privatise 2737:

allowance for babies born to at least one parent of French (or EU) nationality. The measure was ruled illegal by a court, whicn also sentenced her to a suspended prison sentence, a fine, and a two-year ban from public office.

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In November 2014, Marine Le Pen confirmed that the party had received a €9 million loan from the First Czech Russian Bank (FCRB) in Moscow to the National Front. Senior FN officials from the party's political bureau informed

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programme which included lower taxes, reducing state intervention, reducing the size of the public sector, privatisation, and scaling back government bureaucracy. Some scholars have characterised the FN's 1978 programme as

15820: 2364:, were shared by most of the mainstream right. Other FN issues included calls for increased French birth rates, immigration reduction (although this was downplayed), establishment of a professional army, abrogation of the 2127:

in a landslide with 31.4% of the votes. This caused Macron to announce a snap election to try to garner more support for his party, Ensemble. Later that month, an RN-led right-wing coalition topped the first round of the

2571:, the FN took advantage of the new, proportional representation system and won 9.8% of the vote and 35 seats in the National Assembly. Many of these seats were filled by a new wave of "respectable" political operatives, 15216: 15126: 9734: 5458:, but historians could discuss the number of deaths. As to the existence of gas chambers, it is up to historians to determine." Jean-Marie Le Pen was fined for these remarks, but Gollnisch was found not guilty by the 14417: 12486: 12438: 5063:

on energy and essential products. The party has supported public services, protectionism, and economic intervention, and opposed the increase in the fuel tax in 2018, and the increase in the retirement age in 2023.

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le mouvement lepéniste peut être à juste titre considéré comme le modèle prototypique de la « nouvelle » droite radicale populiste paneuropéenne, variante contemporaine de l'extrême droite traditionnelle

2683:. Following that success, surveys found that French public opinion was largely negative towards Islam. In a 1989 legislative by-election in Dreux, FN candidate Marie-France Stirbois, campaigning mostly on an anti- 9798: 11878: 9347: 5905:(FdI) from 2013 onwards, the relationship between the RN and FdI became strained in 2022, after Meloni publicly declined to support Le Pen's 2022 presidential bid. In 2023, Meloni complained to French President 5421:

The party advocates referendums on key issues such as the death penalty, immigration policy, and constitutional change. In 2022, Marine Le Pen stated: "I want the referendum to become a classic operating tool."

15714: 13809: 15386: 11294: 5088:, but has stated that climate change is "not the priority" of the party. The party is against measures to tackle climate change and protecting the environment. The National Rally has proposed abolition of the 4938:

Since its early years, the party has called for immigration to be reduced. The theme of exclusion of non-European immigrants was brought into the party in 1978 and became increasingly important in the 1980s.

2073:. However, some media outlets have started to refer to the party as "right-wing populist" or "nationalist right" instead, arguing that it has substantially moderated from its years under Jean-Marie Le Pen. 14227: 5918:

during the 2024 French legislative election, congratulated the RN on its success in the first round of the election, and expressed preference for the right-wing alliance in the second round of the election.

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had 19.6%. Women voters in France were traditionally more attracted to mainstream conservative parties than the radical right until the 2000s. The proportion of women in the party has risen to 39% by 2017.

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Based on their first round performance, the RN will receive around €15 million per year in government subsidies for the next five years: each vote in the first round was worth €1.61 per year to the party.

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that the German occupation of France "was not particularly inhumane, even if there were a few blunders, inevitable in a country of 640,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq. mi.)" and in 1987 referred to the

17053: 14507: 14330: 10459: 9622: 8923: 9831: 2872:, reached the runoff -where she was defeated by the Socialist incumbent. These electoral defeats partly accounted for the party's financial problems. Le Pen announced the sale of the FN headquarters in 13647: 3271:

parties on a platform of refusing military aid to Ukraine, anti-immigration, and pro-"traditional family" values. The group, the third largest in the parliament, also includes members from the Flemish

16357: 14822: 13093: 3308:. Together, these parties secured the largest share of the vote in the first round with 33.15% of the vote. More voters who reported struggling financially voted for the RN than for any other party. 14563: 12203: 15255: 14950: 12412: 5980:. The delegation was not sanctioned by the European Parliament, and consisted mostly of right-wing populist politicians including MEPs from Vox, AfD, the Northern League, Vlaams Belang, the British 16480: 16275: 12000: 3084:, Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to "unite voters." In the second round of voting, Le Pen was defeated 66.1% to 33.9% by her rival 13253: 9452: 12178: 16635: 8798:

Williams, Michelle Hale (January 2011). "A new era for French far right politics? Comparing the FN under two Le Pens and The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies".

5768:(EAF). The EAF is a pan-European sovereigntist platform founded late 2010 that is recognised by the European Parliament. The EAF has individual members linked to the Austrian Freedom Party of 2880:, and of his personal armoured car. In 2008, a French court handed Le Pen a three-month suspended sentence and a €10,000 fine for remarks he made in 2005 that contravened France's law against 16389: 15354: 8489: 5718:

During Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidency, the party has also been active in establishing extra-parliamentary confederations. During the FN's 1997 national congress, the FN established the loose

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stated, "It's remarkable that a political party from the motherland of freedom can be funded by Putin's sphere—the largest European enemy of freedom." Marine Le Pen argued that it was not a

4871:) interpretations of the "people", they claim to defend the "average Frenchman" and "common sense", against the "betrayal of inevitably corrupt elites". The party has been also described as 2687:

platform, returned a symbolic FN presence to the National Assembly. By the early 1990s, some mainstream politicians began also employing anti-immigration rhetoric. In the first round of the

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made public a report of Le Pen's alleged involvement in torture during his time in Algeria. In his first participation in a presidential election, Le Pen won only 0.8% of the national vote.

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Sa "mémoire" se structure autour de deux motifs: la violence de masse, et l'intégration de l'extrême droite au jeu politique avec la création par Ordre Nouveau du Front National en 1972.

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Since their entry into the European Parliament in 1979, the National Rally has promoted a message of being pro-Europe, but anti-EU. However, in 2019, the proposal that France leave the

2420:. Following the death of Duprat in a bomb attack in 1978, the revolutionary nationalists left the party, while Stirbois became Le Pen's deputy as his solidarists effectively ousted the 14972: 14774: 12359: 11813: 11536: 8981: 3208:, political commentators noted an increased moderation in the FN's platform that aimed to attract conservative voters, as well as a new image being promoted by the party as a force of 16186: 8506: 15852: 15084: 14397: 14294: 9595: 18484: 14538: 11931: 9861: 9759: 9484: 8868: 16114: 12516: 11908: 5369:

and the EU was removed from the party's manifesto, which has since called for "reform from within" of the union. The party advocates that EU legislation should be initiated by the

16608: 16208: 15816: 15586: 13786: 9002: 13387:'Immigration: Le FN précise ses objectifs chiffrés (et ça change beaucoup)' ('FN defines more precisely its numerical immigration objectives (and that makes a great difference))' 9701: 9571: 15206: 13860: 12781: 2132:

with a record 33.2% of the votes. On 7 July, the RN also won the popular vote (37.06%) in the second round of the snap election, but only won the third highest number of seats.

15118: 19497: 16462: 14856: 14474: 8379: 4931: 19078: 16168: 14439: 9726: 5764:, announced deeper cooperation between their parties. Pursuing her de-demonisation policy, in October 2011, Marine Le Pen, as new president of the National Front, joined the 2938:

the party won 15% of the overall vote (up from 4.5% in 2008). However, due to the French electoral system, the party only won 2 of the 2,026 seats that were up for election.

2769:, it advanced to the second round in 132 constituencies. The FN was arguably more influential at that time than it had been in 1986 with its 35 seats. While Bruno Mégret and 16253: 15902: 15794: 14413: 13473: 13035: 12434: 11790: 8885: 14621: 13326: 11569: 9029: 14907: 14276: 11848: 11704: 8906: 16810: 6459:

the party advanced to the second round of the election for the second time, and doubled the percentage it received in the 2002 presidential election, earning 34%. In the

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Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.

19649: 17481: 9790: 2635:. In the election, the party retained its 9.8% support from the previous legislative election, but was reduced to a single seat in the National Assembly. Following some 14603: 12333: 9337: 16993: 15763: 13914: 12023: 11284: 16843: 15376: 12310: 11105: 3251:

was elected president of the RN on 5 November 2022, ending Marine Le Pen's period as president of the party. Le Pen remained president of RN's parliamentary group.

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initially considered forming a joint group in the next European Parliament, but ultimately once again declined. In 2024, Farage, in his capacity as the leader of

5048:. During the 1980s, Jean-Marie Le Pen complained about the rising number of "social parasites", and called for deregulation, tax cuts, and the phasing-out of the 1993:. The party advocates a "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving 19699: 17045: 17015: 16985: 16955: 16925: 15952: 14585: 11488: 4969:

The National Rally has sought to restrict Islamic practice in France. In 2011, Marine Le Pen warned that wearing full face veils are "the tip of the iceberg" of

14497: 10449: 3219:, Le Pen again reached the 2nd round with 23.15% of the votes, though she was defeated by incumbent Macron, after receiving 41.45% of the votes in the run-off. 2853:, too, a new system less favourable to the FN had been introduced. The party regained some of its strength from 1999, earning 9.8% of the vote and seven seats. 17474: 15288: 14796: 14348: 13066: 9823: 8956: 5478:

to change their image in their countries ... As far as their partners in Israel are concerned, I myself don't understand the idea of continuing to develop the

18957: 13089: 12733: 11677: 16444: 16347: 15184: 12110: 11970: 8401: 5977: 3149: 14553: 13981: 13835: 13188: 12195: 2723: 2556: 15740: 15245: 14946: 12755: 12408: 368: 16271: 16150: 15074: 13420: 12542: 11992: 8445: 2825:, in which it got 11.3% of the vote. It nevertheless outpolled Mégret's MNR, which had fielded the same number of candidates but won a mere 1.1% support. 15153: 13261: 12048: 4903:. In its 2001 programme, the party linked the breakdown of law and order to immigration, deeming immigration a "mortal threat to civil peace in France." 2388:(PFN), founded by FN dissidents (largely from the ON). Their competition weakened both parties throughout the 1970s. Along with the growing influence of 16297: 12622:"Résultats des législatives 2022 : le Rassemblement national arrive troisième avec 18,68% des voix au premier tour, selon les résultats définitifs" 12153: 12079: 5145:

treaties as foundations for "a supranational entity spelling the end of France." In 2004, the party criticised the EU as "the last stage on the road to

17798: 16516: 16325: 15020: 12175: 9060: 3243: 3153: 16627: 2780:(MNR), effectively splitting the FN in half at most levels. Many of those who joined the new MNR had joined the FN in the mid-1980s, in part from the 12803: 18371: 16379: 16231: 16013: 15346: 8481: 2463:

was even worse off, and the election marked the effective end of competition from the party. The Socialists attained their best ever result with an

2294:

had competed in some local elections since 1970, at its second congress, in June 1972, it decided to establish a new political party to contest the

19518: 17461: 13725: 13217: 11727: 9372: 8839: 5332: 4784: 4056: 3259:

In the 2024 European parliamentary elections, the RN won the most delegates of any single party (30). On 8 July, Bardella became president of the

1897: 1169: 16132: 14373:"€40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen's Front National to take advantage of rivals' woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections" 13386: 13154: 12862: 12565: 19634: 18330: 17324: 15409: 12259: 8340: 8183: 7837: 5612: 15874: 14740: 14098: 12460: 9431: 5854:(PVV) in November 2013, after years of the PVV rejecting collaboration with the FN. Similarly, in December 2013, the FN formed an alliance with 5547:, a RN Member of the European Parliament (MEP), said that many RN leaders held similar opinions as the GI, but sought to hide them from voters. 5059:, which it calls "economic patriotism", and it has advocated populist policies, such as tax cuts for people under 30 years old, and cuts in the 19694: 19639: 15970: 13611: 12380: 9652: 5524: 3948: 1061: 16903: 14236:

Les responsables du Front national érigent volontiers les Émirats en contre-exemple du Qatar, accusé de financer le fondamentalisme islamiste.

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and called for cooperation with Israel, the United States, Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia to support the economic recovery of Lebanon from the

15645: 14976: 14770: 13586: 12356: 11823: 11546: 8973: 3998: 2644:

electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled, de facto FN deputy leader. The party only got 5% in the

1111: 15674: 14695: 19629: 18446: 16717: 16498: 15934: 15842: 14395: 14312: 14125: 13362: 9599: 5162: 4326: 2544: 2310:. In order to create a broad movement, ON sought to model the new party (as it earlier had sought to model itself) on the more established 1439: 14888: 14530: 13567: 11900: 10742: 9853: 9476: 8860: 4950:(2011) rebellions in several countries, Marine Le Pen campaigned for a halt to the migration of Tunisian and Libyan immigrants to Europe. 2349:, receiving 0.5% of the national vote, although Le Pen won 5% in his Paris constituency. In 1973, the party created a youth movement, the 18491: 16542: 15551: 12512: 11228: 9105: 7983: 7945: 7907: 7879: 7844: 7811: 7776: 7743: 7710: 6460: 6452: 6020: 5954: 3063: 2850: 2785: 2652: 2536: 2437: 273: 17224:

Beauzamy, Brigitte (2013). "Explaining the Rise of the Front National to Electoral Prominence: Multi-Faceted or Contradictory Models?".

16204: 15582: 13782: 11875:"2014 municipal elections: the National Front won 12 cities, elected in 1546 and 459 councilors elected in intercommunal! 31 March 2014" 9191: 8998: 2547:(CNIP). In the 1984 European elections, eleven of the 81 FN candidates came from these parties, while the party's list also included an 18607: 17456: 16747: 15888: 15699: 9563: 2215:

Espousing France's Catholic and monarchist traditions, one of the primary progenitors of the ideology generally promoted by FN was the

340: 18366: 12773: 12647: 5342:

The RN remains divided on relations with Russia, with Bardella stating that he believed Russia was a threat to French security, while

4270: 1383: 17573: 16777: 14076: 8457: 5652: 5158: 15042: 14852: 14466: 8371: 2045:

The party has seen an increase in its popularity and acceptance in French society in recent years. It has been accused of promoting

18616: 17987: 17923: 15786: 14928: 14443: 11993:"French Municipal Elections: Far-Right National Front Scores Impressive Gains, But Hopes For Real Political Power Remain A Fantasy" 8118: 8098: 8078: 8058: 6439: 3075: 2905: 2891:

the FN appeared to have re-emerged on the political scene after surprisingly winning almost 12% of the overall vote and 118 seats.

2860:, Le Pen and Mégret agreed to join forces. Le Pen came 4th in the election with 11% of the vote, and the party won no seats in the 1962: 15524: 13116: 13027: 11786: 8877: 5157:, while it returned to supporting a common European currency to rival the United States dollar. Further, it rejected the possible 2084:, the National Rally changed policies in 2019, deciding to campaign for a reform of the EU rather than leaving it and to keep the 19138: 17303: 16586: 16052: 12834: 12673: 9679: 9019: 5740: 5563:, were ordered to stand trial after they were charged with a scheme which involved paying National Rally party officials through 5248: 2942: 2373: 17: 14911: 14188: 13548: 11700: 10099: 8902: 19689: 19679: 19669: 19664: 17791: 17763: 16807: 16687: 16657: 5927: 4802: 4028: 3834: 1141: 947: 197: 18335: 15444: 13533: 11645: 6015:. Both PiS and Fidesz had previously rejected cooperation with Le Pen in 2019. Orbán subsequently supported Le Pen during the 2691:, the FN soared to 12.7% of the overall vote, but did not win a single seat due to the nature of the electoral system. In the 19654: 18967: 17488: 17339: 17254: 17233: 17206: 17181: 17158: 17137: 16092: 13760: 12021: 11612: 11222: 10432: 9979: 9185: 9099: 8435: 4726: 3286:

The RN success in the European elections led to the dissolution of the French lower house by Emmanuel Macron on 9 June 2024.

1839: 187: 16411: 15755: 14209: 9547: 8317: 19659: 17880: 16835: 16034: 14295:"Leader of France's Rightist Party, Marine Le Pen, in a Sharp Turn After Attack by Hamas, Voices Strong Support for Israel" 13999: 13491: 7679: 6026:

Relations with the AfD deteriorated in early 2024, following Le Pen's disagreements with the AfD members' discussions over

4777: 4188: 1890: 1301: 12293: 11101: 19684: 17908: 17808: 8150: 5965: 5939: 5483: 5150: 4486: 4153: 3764: 2631:, the FN was hurt by the return two-ballot majority voting, by the limited campaign period, and by the departure of many 1599: 1266: 877: 425: 19163: 18962: 18709: 17394: 13126: 13000: 8818: 8788: 8745: 8592: 5465:

During the 2012 presidential election, Marine Le Pen sought the support of Jewish people in France. Interviewed by the

5454:". He has repeated the latter claim several times. In 2004, Bruno Gollnisch said: "I do not question the existence of 5317: 3185:

During a 2021 debate, Marine Le Pen was called "soft" on Islam by the Minister of the Interior in Macron's government,

2188:. Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small, extreme movements such as 19027: 15553:

Transnational Networks of Extreme Right Parties in East Central Europe: Stimuli and Limits of Cross-Border Cooperation

13549:"Islamophobia is the driving force of the French election – as a Muslim hijabi, neither Macron or Le Pen appeal to me" 11478: 3137: 18183: 18171: 18159: 18147: 18135: 18123: 18111: 18099: 17784: 17118: 17049: 17019: 16989: 16959: 16929: 11672: 8764: 8639: 8563: 7260: 7222: 7190: 7163: 7125: 7098: 7066: 7054: 7022: 6456: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6186: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6016: 5883: 5708: 5692: 5592: 5350: 4859:

republic that would bypass traditional political divisions and institutions. Aiming at a unity of the political (the

4368: 3335:

alliance who were expected to win 140-160 seats. Finally, the RN won only 142 seats, ranking third in the election.

3216: 3145: 3081: 2974:

In two polls about presidential favourites, conducted in April and May 2013, Marine le Pen polled ahead of president

2953: 2857: 2817:"to block Le Pen". Following the presidential election, the main centre-right parties merged to form the broad-based 2805: 2692: 2648:, while the RPR announced it would reject any alliance with the FN, a rejections that now included the local level. 2621: 2444: 2357: 2181: 2124: 2116: 2112: 2104: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1481: 18765: 16187:"France, Meloni's compliments to Le Pen: The barriers between the alternative forces to the left have been overcome" 15619: 15278: 14800: 13058: 11667: 8948: 5418:, cosigned a letter asking President Emmanuel Macron to implement proportional representation for future elections. 5129:

to turning against it. In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on pulling France out of the EU and re-introducing the

19624: 19032: 17857: 12102: 11962: 8187: 6935: 6899: 6863: 6822: 6789: 6753: 6717: 6681: 6645: 6609: 6576: 6543: 6505: 6038: 5935: 5796: 5616: 5482:. I consider it a political mistake and would like to make it clear in this context that we must have the right to 5101: 5069: 4047: 3305: 3295: 3223: 3095: 2960: 2861: 2822: 2758: 2688: 2628: 2568: 2468: 2433: 2393: 2346: 2295: 2129: 1160: 15176: 5739:

sought to distance himself from Le Pen, and later attempted to build a separate group. In 2009, the FN joined the

5663:. It was formerly known as the Europe of Nations and Freedom group, during which time it also included the Polish 5192:(along with Spain, Greece and Portugal) – although that policy was dropped in 2019. She also wants to reintroduce 19007: 18323: 13180: 5808: 5272: 4855:. National populists combine the social values of the left and the political values of the right, and advocate a 4770: 4451: 3347: 3163:, former advisor to Donald Trump before and after his 2016 election, gave what has been described as a "populist 3156:

in 2013. On 1 June, Le Pen announced that the name change was approved by party adherents with 80.81% in favour.

2991: 2722:, its fourth town, in a 1997 by-election, where similar policies were subsequently pursued. Vitrolles' new mayor 2703: 2658:

In the wake of FN's electoral success, the immigration debate, growing concerns over Islamic fundamentalism, and

2508: 1883: 1564: 460: 38: 31: 18819: 18544: 13648:"European elections 2014: Marine Le Pen's Front National victory in France is based on anguish, rage and denial" 13410: 6331:

In March 2018, the position of vice-president replaced that of General Secretary. It became a duo in June 2019:

2360:, Le Pen failed to find a mobilising theme for his campaign, since many of its platform's major issues, such as 18600: 15817:"Steve Bannon to address far-right event in France where Marine Le Pen will reveal new name for National Front" 12538: 12227:""Rassemblement national", trop proche de "Rassemblement national populaire", ancien parti collaborationniste?" 9702:"Sénatoriales : le Conseil d'État juge que l'étiquette «extrême droite» doit s'appliquer aux candidats RN" 8620: 8179: 8175: 7769: 7736: 7623: 7573: 7533: 7488: 7448: 7400: 7347: 5679:(formerly the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom) since 2014, which additionally includes Slovakia's 5604: 5584: 5073: 3784: 3205: 2935: 2926: 2888: 2846: 2659: 2645: 2591: 2561: 897: 15149: 14248: 12071: 12040: 9623:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections" 8924:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections" 3132:(National Rally) while keeping the flame as its logo. The new name was put to a vote among all party members. 2733:, who ran in place of her husband Bruno, went further in one significant measure, introducing a special 5,000- 2719: 18759: 18453: 12134: 10736:"Entre 1986 et 1988, les députés FN voulaient rétablir la peine de mort et instaurer la préférence nationale" 8191: 7938: 6431: 6034:. In May 2024, the RN announced it would end its alliance with the AfD in the next European Parliament term. 5800: 5765: 5370: 3729: 3671: 3128:

At the conclusion of the 11 March 2018 party congress in Lille, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to

2946: 2552: 2474:

The "socialist takeover" led to a radicalisation in centre-right, anti-communist, and anti-socialist voters.

842: 784: 382: 16481:"Parlement européen : le RN rompt avec ses alliés allemands de l'AfD après des déclarations sur les SS" 16315: 15010: 13956:"French elections: Why is the rejection of environmentalism a driving force behind France's far-right vote?" 13474:"'What is the headscarf doing in politics?' Muslim headscarves become issue in French presidential campaign" 9056: 4851:'s analysis, include the party in an old French tradition of "national populism" that can be traced back to 19419: 19143: 19133: 18972: 18678: 17980: 17885: 17561: 5840: 5676: 5672: 5644: 5336: 5229: 5212:

in Mali against Islamist militants in the country, because it was at the request of the Malian government.

5201: 5113: 4912: 4900: 4541: 4413: 3849: 3406: 3141: 3047: 3027: 2818: 2777: 2520: 2185: 1654: 1526: 962: 519: 215: 14331:"Israël: "Je souhaite que nous puissions nous y rendre dans les prochains temps", affirme Jordan Bardella" 8700: 8670:

Messina, Anthony (2015). "The political and policy impacts of extreme right parties in time and context".

3323:, However, 2-3 days before the second round, the RN were predicted to win around 170-220 seats. After the 19103: 18006: 12487:"Régionales en Paca : à Marseille, "les LR historiques voteront Thierry Mariani", le candidat du RN" 5459: 5403: 5391: 4548: 4363: 3814: 3704: 3634: 2616:

tone, he presented himself as the representative of the people against the "gang of four" (RPR, UDF, PS,

2053:. While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for 1661: 1476: 927: 817: 747: 172: 19224: 4038: 3300:

In June 2024, the party joined with the micro-party "To the right! Friends of Eric Ciotti", forming the

1151: 19644: 18952: 18477: 17903: 14719: 7390: 6472: 6435: 6233: 6182: 6008: 5032:. This occurred within the framework of a changed international environment, from a battle between the 4977:(which covers the head but not the face) in public. Le Pen also proposed to ban the production of both 4351: 4235: 4086: 3958: 3227: 2516: 1966: 1464: 1348: 1199: 1071: 298: 17345: 16463:"Mayotte: Marine Le Pen «fâchée» contre l'AfD qui s'interroge sur l'appartenance de l'île à la France" 13673: 9402: 5287:

as a "defender of the Christian heritage of European civilisation." The National Front considers that

4138: 1251: 19113: 19093: 18987: 18772: 18655: 18593: 18520: 18428: 18348: 16070: 7305: 5743:; it left the alliance since. Along with some other European parties, the FN in 2010 visited Japan's 5664: 5608: 5596: 5268: 5256: 4472: 4443: 4408: 4316: 2617: 1982: 1585: 1556: 1521: 1429: 354: 253: 18799: 16609:"Présidentielle 2022 : Marine Le Pen cède la tête du RN à Jordan Bardella et lance sa campagne" 14263:"Vote results: Resolution on the situation of journalists in Morocco, notably the case of Omar Radi" 12229:["National Rally", too close to "National People's Rally", former collaborationist party?]. 9656: 8649:

Mayer, Nonna (January 2013). "From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right".

5514:

said the loans "take Moscow's attempt to influence the internal politics of the EU to a new level."

5508:

that this was the first instalment of a €40 million loan, although Marine Le Pen has disputed this.

5390:

later added that the RN would not advocate withdrawing France from the integrated command while the

4707: 4163: 3212:, i.e. the popular right, the social right. The party, nonetheless, fared badly in these elections. 1820: 1276: 19674: 18864: 18635: 17913: 17862: 17829: 17725: 17656: 17537: 16899: 15525:"Patriots for Europe becomes EU parliament's 3rd-largest group, picks Jordan Bardella as president" 14156: 13810:"Comment Marine Le Pen a abandonné le libéralisme pour un programme « social-populiste »" 13511: 7616: 7526: 5732: 5680: 5660: 5628: 5455: 5109: 4888: 4852: 4810: 4697: 4341: 3938: 3491: 3268: 3231: 2949:. In October 2013, Bruno Gollnisch and Jean-Marie Le Pen resigned from their position in the AENM. 2808:, opinion polls had predicted a run-off between incumbent President Chirac and Socialist candidate 2675: 2500: 2455: 2425: 2184:, Le Pen unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate the right-wing vote around presidential candidate 2120: 2014: 2002: 1810: 1454: 1051: 604: 261: 15641: 14882:"Economic Voting and the national Front: Towards a Subregional Understanding of the Extreme-Right" 14707: 14414:"UKRAINE. De Mélenchon à Le Pen, qu'en disent les politiques français ?- 5 mars 2014 – L'Obs" 13896: 13878: 9883: 9338:"Marine Le Pen temporarily steps down as Front National leader to concentrate on presidential bid" 4848: 4255: 3864: 1368: 977: 19344: 18052: 17996: 17973: 17621: 14639:

Lorimer, Marta (2020). "Europe as ideological resource: the case of the Rassemblement National".

14133: 8260:

The system had been designed by Mitterand's party to soften its predicted weakening in the polls.

6300: 5769: 5761: 5704: 5640: 5588: 5108:

was among the few parties to come close to meeting the law, with 49% female candidates; Jospin's

5105: 5085: 5037: 4536: 4383: 4066: 3978: 3869: 3567: 2311: 1649: 1496: 1179: 1091: 982: 680: 19477: 18977: 17442: 16725: 15667: 13358: 11849:"Un an après la présidentielle, Marine Le Pen devancerait François Hollande- 3 mai 2013 – L'Obs" 6284:

The party had five vice presidents between July 2012 and March 2018 (against three previously).

3754: 3430: 2864:. The party's 4.3% support was the lowest score since the 1981 election and only one candidate, 2199: 2096:, citing "an attachment to the European spirit", but to reserve free movement to nationals of a 867: 543: 19602: 19588: 19153: 18754: 17847: 17597: 14881: 14197:

Le Pen says she supported the intervention in Mali, because the Malians asked France to step in

11818: 10735: 8195: 8155: 7976: 7438: 5973: 5624: 5544: 5487: 5244: 4919: 4465: 4398: 4321: 4076: 3546: 3355: 3301: 3280: 2512: 2097: 2050: 1578: 1511: 1434: 1189: 659: 468: 446: 19309: 18992: 18394: 18234: 18068: 16534: 15564: 14929:"Far-right leader Bardella backpedals on taking France out of NATO strategic military command" 14277:"'A Historic Moment': How French Politicians Reacted to France's New Stance on Western Sahara" 11210: 9083: 6403: 6306: 4602: 3365: 2728: 2451: 2401: 2029:

Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to

1715: 478: 19173: 19002: 18683: 17895: 17633: 17364:

Shields, James (2013). "Marine Le Pen and the 'New' FN: A Change of Style or of Substance?".

17169: 16426: 16352: 15715:"Rep. Joe Walsh continues to fan the flames of Islamophobia—and it's accomplishing his goals" 15379:[Financing of the National Front: Russian hackers unveil contacts with the Kremlin]. 15079: 15047: 14502: 12381:"Steve Bannon told a French far-right party to wear the 'racist' label 'as a badge of honor'" 10422: 9171: 5950: 5923: 5870: 5789: 5773: 5668: 5435:

There has been a difference between Marine Le Pen's and her father's opinions concerning the

5296: 5205: 4896: 4872: 4687: 4403: 4220: 3909: 3644: 3602: 3583: 3496: 3190: 3148:

had been managed by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The name had also been used by the FN previously, for

3114: 2519:(UDF) formed alliances with the FN in a number of towns. The most notable result came in the 2432:" with Le Pen being a "puppet of the Jews." The far right was marginalised altogether in the 2331: 2207: 2123:, from 7 to 89 seats. In June 2024, the party, led by its president Jordan Bardella, won the 2021: 1800: 1516: 1333: 1022: 757: 715: 696: 609: 160: 19017: 16755: 8341:"Renowned Nazi hunter in France advises Jews to choose far right over far left in elections" 5953:

in Spain. In 2024, Vox had Le Pen address its conference, despite Vox being a member of the

5894:, distanced himself from the RN, describing its economic agenda as a "disaster" for France. 5515: 4973:

of French culture. In 2021, and again in 2022, Le Pen again proposed banning the wearing of

4934:

2005 FN political poster reading: "Immigrants are going to vote... and you're abstaining?!!"

4581: 3189:. Marine Le Pen called for a "national-unity government" that would include persons such as 3045:

The international media described the results as "historic", and "impressive", although the

1694: 19409: 18942: 18714: 18202: 17952: 17150:

Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front

16089:"Meloni a "Il Corriere della Sera": "In Francia il voto della paura è stato contro Le Pen"" 14066: 9136: 8737: 8701:"The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony" 8279: 6379: 5882:

by Farage, who praised Le Pen and expressed support for her presidential bid. Prior to the

5221: 5216: 5056: 5041: 4595: 4096: 3988: 3809: 3681: 3558: 3385: 3332: 3054: 2921: 2580: 2397: 1708: 1209: 1101: 922: 794: 671: 498: 19249: 16785: 13254:"Projet de lutte contre la prostitution : la morale féministe dépourvue d'efficacité" 9653:"France – Poll gives France's far-right National Front party boost ahead of regional vote" 9564:"Jean-Marie Le Pen, exclu du Front national, fera "bien évidemment" un recours en justice" 5486:– just as we are allowed to criticise any sovereign country – without it being considered 5271:. Bardella has expressed opposition to recognition of Palestinian statehood following the 4275: 3639: 3031: 2975: 2327: 1388: 752: 8: 19578: 19414: 19394: 19319: 19123: 19012: 18997: 18889: 18849: 18748: 18734: 18720: 18380: 17956: 17852: 17701: 17509: 15847: 15052: 13331: 13221: 12435:"Marine le Pen "molle": Les propos de Gérald Darmanin sèment l'embarras au sein de LaREM" 12409:"Ex-Sarkozy minister jumps conservative ship to join French far-right - Channel NewsAsia" 11759: 11574: 11541: 11289: 9397: 8009: 7673: 6348: 6095: 5958: 5696: 5648: 5611:, it chose to distance itself from the FN. From 1999 to 2001, the FN was a member of the 5580: 5568: 5540: 5374: 5354: 5142: 5089: 4746: 4378: 4373: 4205: 4148: 3666: 3572: 3411: 3260: 3051:

suggested that "hopes for real political power remain a fantasy" for the National Front.

3019: 2910: 2762: 2413: 2385: 2191: 2080:(National Rally), and this was confirmed by a ballot of party members. Formerly strongly 1990: 1954: 1859: 1491: 1486: 1318: 1261: 779: 685: 524: 430: 326: 278: 228: 104: 19204: 19058: 18672: 16001: 14622:"Leader of French far-right in EP stands against condemning Orbán's "peace initiatives"" 13938:"Présidentielle : les principaux points du programme diplomatique de Marine Le Pen" 9140: 4588: 4436: 4230: 3058:

Demonstration against the National Front in Paris after the results of the 2014 election

2679:

was the first major test of the relations between the values of the French Republic and

2218: 1701: 1549: 1343: 19551: 19511: 19088: 18640: 17948: 17430: 17281: 16320: 15734: 15560: 14674: 14071: 13616: 13415: 12140: 10454: 9152: 8720: 8687: 8507:"French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack" 6050: 6000: 5804: 5479: 5441: 5322: 5252: 5134: 5104:, the first under the new gender parity provision in the French Constitution, Le Pen's 4954: 4692: 4640: 4616: 4520: 4458: 4116: 4106: 4018: 3894: 3804: 3799: 3654: 3649: 3380: 3226:, for which polling had indicated that FN would win only between 15 to 45 seats in the 3039: 2796: 2070: 1958: 1950: 1805: 1753: 1729: 1633: 1571: 1229: 1219: 1131: 1007: 917: 912: 767: 762: 493: 420: 409: 243: 238: 223: 19384: 19349: 19284: 19083: 18899: 18844: 18650: 18296: 18269: 17307: 16570: 15467:"French far-right leader Marine Le Pen to stand trial over alleged misuse of EU funds" 15119:"" Détail de l'histoire " : Marine le Pen en " désaccord profond " avec son père" 12838: 12734:"Le Pen, Orban and the 'Patriots for Europe': Is the EU being undermined from within?" 11787:"2012 French legislative elections: Gard's 2nd constituency (first round and run-off)" 9220: 6189:. He later served as honorary president of the party from January 2011 to August 2015 5915: 5411: 5208:, she opposed the French military involvements. However, the party supported the 2013 5072:

campaign. During this time, Bardella also rescinded the prior RN pledge to repeal the

4225: 4210: 4008: 3789: 3186: 2968: 2389: 2066: 1338: 1323: 1121: 902: 19523: 19389: 19369: 19324: 19234: 18809: 18794: 18645: 18500: 18143: 18131: 18119: 18107: 18095: 18060: 18017: 17816: 17609: 17390: 17335: 17285: 17250: 17229: 17202: 17177: 17154: 17133: 17114: 16578: 15693: 14678: 14666: 13726:"The European far right: actually right? Or left? Or something altogether different?" 13587:"Le Pen is bad, but many French Muslims like me don't want to vote for Macron either" 13239: 13122: 12302: 12145: 11218: 10428: 10091: 10083: 9975: 9181: 9156: 9095: 9084:"A new course for the French radical right? The Front National and "de-demonisation"" 8784: 8760: 8741: 8724: 8691: 8635: 8616: 8588: 8559: 8431: 7715: 7352: 7071: 7027: 6510: 6312: 6144: 6103: 5964:

In 2019, RN MEPs participated in the first international delegation to visit India's

5902: 5851: 5560: 5536: 5447: 5410:

disenfranchises voters. In early 2021, Marine Le Pen, along with centrist politician

5138: 4702: 4661: 4240: 4178: 4168: 3844: 3709: 3541: 3328: 3320: 3276: 3198: 3175: 3110: 2699: 2670: 2491: 2464: 2396:", the FN gained several new groups of supporters in the late 1970s and early 1980s: 2157: 2119:, the National Rally achieved a significant increase in the number of its MPs in the 2092:

for some collectivities). In 2021, Le Pen announced that she wanted to remain in the

2025: 1986: 1815: 1774: 1353: 1291: 1281: 957: 822: 654: 128: 19532: 19279: 19042: 19037: 18854: 18789: 18526: 17824: 16695: 16665: 16272:"Marine le Pen felicita a Vox por su resultado en Andalucía antes de que se conozca" 4647: 3829: 3714: 3011: 2424:

tendency in the party leadership. A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the

1760: 942: 827: 19545: 19424: 19274: 19269: 19098: 18879: 18869: 18573: 17776: 17751: 17373: 17273: 16517:"Diaspora Affairs Minister Chikli Stands by Praise for France's Le Pen – Exclusive" 15903:"Lega, il salto di Salvini. Dai Comunisti padani all'amicizia con l'estrema destra" 14656: 14648: 13752: 12756:"Législatives : le financement politique des partis, l'autre enjeu du scrutin" 12395: 12390: 11637: 11604: 9228: 9144: 8712: 8679: 8658: 8423: 6099: 5946: 5832: 5785: 5777: 5607:

group, while the MSI left due to the Germans' arrival. As the MSI evolved into the

5451: 5407: 5209: 5197: 5146: 4654: 4393: 4306: 4250: 4245: 3874: 3794: 3724: 3719: 3179: 2881: 2715: 2058: 1767: 1506: 1419: 1363: 1358: 987: 907: 837: 832: 19359: 16088: 14652: 14228:"En quête de finances pour 2017, le FN fait les yeux doux aux Émirats arabes unis" 14210:"French far-right leader praises 'model' state Egypt for 'fighting radical Islam'" 13836:"Le Pen's opposition to pension reform, focus on public order 'pays off' in polls" 12924: 8716: 8683: 8418:

Jens Rydgren (2008). "France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism".

6079: 5931: 4200: 3622: 3069: 2365: 2258: 1313: 735: 19465: 19304: 19299: 19294: 19239: 19229: 19209: 19168: 19148: 19108: 19022: 18884: 18689: 18630: 18387: 18277: 18218: 17676: 17446: 17277: 17244: 17192: 17148: 17106: 17102: 16814: 14586:"French far-right party divided over Putin's non-invitation to D-Day anniversary" 14558: 14401: 14377: 13652: 13393: 12871: 12595: 12387: 12363: 12264: 12182: 12027: 9969: 9539: 9342: 9024: 8446:"'The nation state is back': Front National's Marine Le Pen rides on global mood" 8332: 8313: 8269:

if the election had used proportional representation, it would have won 64 seats.

8145: 7950: 6940: 6391: 6324: 6254: 6087: 6063: 6004: 5985: 5906: 5750: 5510: 5469: 5387: 5343: 5335:, attended an event in Donetsk marking the "independence" of the self-proclaimed 5300: 5260: 5092:, highlighting key policies it opposes such as the 2035 ban on fossil fuel cars. 5060: 5001: 4985:

meat. Le Pen says she is "against the visibility of Islam" but not Islam per se.

4839: 4822: 4818: 4511: 4502: 4479: 4301: 4260: 4195: 4143: 3968: 3904: 3859: 3824: 3749: 3739: 3522: 3392: 3331:

were predicted to win around 150-190 seats, slightly ahead of president Macron's

3248: 3171: 3099: 3085: 3023: 2995: 2994:, lists officially supported by the National Front won mayoralties in 12 cities: 2979: 2964: 2770: 2548: 2417: 2405: 2335: 2319: 2315: 2174:, including Le Pen, were part of an inner circle of returned servicemen known as 2108: 2039: 1941: 1923: 1624: 1615: 1592: 1414: 1373: 1308: 1256: 1081: 1017: 972: 937: 862: 852: 635: 505: 312: 132: 81: 19434: 19354: 14067:"A consistent opponent of immigration: Le Pen based appeal on fears about crime" 13995: 12596:"French election result: Macron defeats Le Pen and vows to unite divided France" 6216:

Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the

5996: 4712: 4280: 2750: 2605: 1825: 1393: 19573: 19379: 19289: 19219: 19194: 19118: 18924: 18914: 18904: 18859: 18829: 18585: 18402: 18304: 17556: 17264:

Hainsworth, Paul (2012). "The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen".

15916: 15377:"Financement du FN : des hackers russes dévoilent des échanges au Kremlin" 15314:"Prêt russe au FN : Marine Le Pen publie les refus des banques françaises" 15283: 14823:"Asselineau, le Pen, Dupont-Aignan, Mélenchon… quatre nuances de souverainisme" 6340: 6288: 6198: 6083: 6075: 6042: 5898: 5855: 5684: 5284: 5237: 5178: 5154: 5133:

as the country's national currency. In the early 2000s the party denounced the

5126: 5005: 4892: 4681: 4388: 4265: 4215: 3914: 3819: 3774: 3744: 3676: 3531: 3486: 3421: 2666: 2624:, Le Pen won an unprecedented 14.4% of the vote, and double the votes of 1984. 2587: 2487: 2459: 2409: 2361: 2232: 2165: 2153: 2030: 2010: 1998: 1794: 1501: 1378: 1328: 1027: 932: 887: 857: 789: 644: 599: 534: 99: 19557: 18839: 18834: 16133:"Insight: Meloni, Le Pen rift mars far right's prospects of wielding EU power" 16115:"The far-right rift between France's Marine Le Pen and Italy's Giorgia Meloni" 15011:"Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l'Occupation" 14349:"France's far-right leader 'unfavourable to recognition of Palestinian state'" 13897:"French businesses court Marine Le Pen after taking fright at left's policies" 9261: 6249: 6012: 5736: 5430: 4173: 4158: 3769: 1286: 1271: 882: 62: 19618: 19504: 19329: 19254: 18947: 18919: 18814: 18567: 18562: 18242: 18179: 18167: 18155: 18076: 18025: 17549: 17404: 16582: 16380:"À Bruxelles, Le Pen loue le "bienfaisant courage" de la Pologne face à l'UE" 15975: 15241: 15211: 14670: 12858: 12461:"Marine le Pen promet un " gouvernement d'union nationale " si elle est élue" 12306: 12149: 11932:"Far-Right Front National makes historic gains in French municipal elections" 10095: 8427: 8026: 7912: 7578: 7195: 6827: 6409: 6318: 6203: 6067: 5969: 5863: 5824: 5781: 5757: 5728: 5636: 5556: 5292: 5166: 5049: 5045: 5029: 5025: 5018: 4826: 4797: 4758: 4574: 4346: 4311: 4183: 3899: 3779: 3759: 3595: 3536: 3272: 3103: 2914: 2869: 2865: 2809: 2636: 2620:), while the central theme of his campaign was "national preference". In the 2590:

reinstated the two-round system of majority voting for the next election. In

2576: 2100:

country, excluding residents of and visitors from another Schengen country.

2093: 2034: 2006: 1871: 1687: 1459: 1424: 1296: 1012: 892: 872: 708: 649: 117: 19158: 17936: 16821: 16445:"Le Pen questions EU-level alliance with AfD, spelling trouble for ID unity" 14440:"Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU – best option| Ukrinform" 13861:"As Bardella becomes more like Macron, his party becomes more like Meloni's" 13218:"Marine Le Pen: I would hold a referendum on reinstating the death penalty." 9760:"Marine Le Pen annonce que le Front national devient Rassemblement national" 9221:"Le Front national français dans l'espace des droites radicales européennes" 6139: 5619:

group. Between the mentioned groups, the party sat among the non-affiliated

5439:

and Jews. In 2005, Jean-Marie Le Pen wrote in the far-right weekly magazine

4922:, on the grounds that it would negatively affect the safety of sex workers. 4336: 1449: 19598: 19593: 19471: 19458: 19399: 19364: 19334: 19264: 19259: 19073: 18982: 18909: 18874: 18824: 18804: 18696: 16348:"22 of 27 EU parliamentarians visiting Kashmir are from Right-wing parties" 16298:"Meloni, Orbán, Le Pen back Spanish far right in 'battle against Brussels'" 16151:"Le Pen praises Salvini's previous anti-migration efforts, tackling Meloni" 13090:"Europeans favoring right-wing populist parties are more positive on Putin" 12367: 9596:"Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National" 9373:"France's far right replaces Le Pen with Jordan Bardella – DW – 11/05/2022" 9088:

Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?

9057:"Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales?" 7871: 7803: 5981: 5887: 5874: 5862:, which had previously eschewed cooperation with the FN when it was led by 5844: 5836: 5816: 5712: 5620: 5415: 5312: 5307: 5193: 5125:

From the 1980s to the 1990s, the party's policy shifted from favouring the

5009: 4989: 4970: 4529: 3919: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3854: 3839: 3686: 3588: 3454: 3194: 3160: 2734: 2267: 2115:, she lost to Macron in the run-off, receiving 41.45% of the votes. In the 2062: 1642: 1032: 1002: 997: 992: 967: 952: 799: 701: 567: 16053:"Nigel Farage: Marine Le Pen's economics would be 'a disaster' for France" 15609: 14249:"Le parti de Marine le Pen s'attaque à l'Algérie et fait l'éloge du Maroc" 12335:

Wear 'racist' like a badge of honour, Bannon tells French far-right summit

9232: 9127:

Forchtner, Bernhard (September 2019). "Climate change and the far right".

3734: 3461: 2586:

The party's time in the National Assembly effectively came to an end when

2384:

Following the 1974 election, the FN was obscured by the appearance of the

847: 574: 19451: 19429: 19404: 19374: 19339: 19214: 19199: 19189: 18894: 18250: 18226: 18044: 17839: 17694: 17604: 17497: 15787:"Marine Le Pen rencontre un élu américain connu pour ses propos racistes" 15318: 14161: 12701:"Bardella heads Patriots for Europe, EU Parliament's third-largest group" 12176:

Les Patriotes: How Le Pen's ex-protégé hopes to win over French far right

9824:"Après l'euro et le Frexit, nouveau revirement européen de Marine Le Pen" 6415: 6397: 6335: 6294: 6091: 6071: 6027: 5911: 5715:

and most former ID members, with Bardella ultimately chairing the group.

5688: 5656: 5600: 5014: 4947: 4830: 4814: 4719: 3629: 3515: 3447: 3442: 3416: 2873: 2421: 2369: 2149: 2081: 2054: 1832: 742: 628: 560: 555: 529: 266: 94: 17377: 16169:"Le Pen draws closer to Meloni and distances herself from Germany's AfD" 15843:"French MPs demand inquiry into Steve Bannon's links with Marine Le Pen" 15246:"Far-right Front National's Russian loan: '31 mln euros more to follow'" 14741:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro" 14661: 14099:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro" 13444:"Marine Le Pen revendique la « brutalité » contre l'islamisme" 12804:"French elections: Here's who voted for the different political parties" 9791:"Le Pen's Rassemblement National revises stance towards EU and the euro" 9680:"How Marine Le Pen turned respectable (and why you shouldn't be fooled)" 9173:

The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication

8662: 6045:

expressed support for Le Pen and the National Rally, and suggested that

3117:, on the grounds that the FN had "softened" its position on leaving the 2746: 19582: 18727: 17457:

Has Marine Le Pen made France's Front National respectable? RFI English

16254:"Putin's allies in the European Parliament rally around Le Pen's party" 15614: 14498:"Poutine et le FN : révélations sur les réseaux russes des Le Pen" 14313:"Marine Le Pen courts French Jews as far left refuses to condemn Hamas" 13236:"Le Pen is willing to hold death penalty referendum if she is elected." 9086:. In Akkerman, Tjitske; de Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.). 5938:

since 2021. The RN was critical of the decision to allow the Bulgarian

5828: 5723: 5264: 5224:'s opposition to Islamism with the more pro-Islamist position taken by 5033: 4908: 4856: 4809:

The party's ideology has been broadly described by scholars, including

3577: 3551: 3324: 3089: 2845:

A new electoral system of two-round voting had been introduced for the

2339: 2046: 690: 664: 182: 19539: 14262: 13155:"Who is Marine Le Pen and what are her French election 2022 policies?" 12539:"Elections régionales : En Aveyron, le RN veut séduire la droite" 9020:"France – A Guide to Europe's Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups" 8541:

Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to the National Rally as

5353:, Le Pen supported sending non-lethal defensive aid to Ukraine in the 4630: 3035: 2436:, although the PFN came out better off. In the first election for the 2076:

At the FN congress of 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party

1743: 19314: 19244: 18210: 17304:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right" 17198: 16412:"Marine Le Pen and Eric Zemmour face off in rival rallies – POLITICO" 15889:"Le Pen plans for far-right Parliament group fall foul of Bossi move" 15250: 14947:"Proportionnelle: Bayrou, Bayou, le Pen et Lagarde écrivent à Macron" 14720:"EU vote may shift power in main euro zone states, stall integration" 14554:"Marine Le Pen's Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk" 13534:"Marine Le Pen, Islamophobia, and the polarization of French society" 13327:"Marine Le Pen planning Italy trip to condemn North African refugees" 12835:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right" 11570:"Far-Right National Front performs well in French regional elections" 9177: 9091: 6385: 5891: 5859: 5632: 5505: 5436: 5233: 5024:

The party's economic policy shifted from the 1980s to the 1990s from

4834: 4609: 3503: 3468: 3319:, the National Rally were expected to get 230-270 seats, close to an 2929:, with regions where the National Front gained the most votes in grey 2884:. Twenty permanent employees of the FN were also dismissed in 2008. 2838: 2711: 2223:, founded at the end of the 19th century, and its descendants in the 2141: 2089: 1722: 616: 581: 18469: 17424: 16035:"Farage, Polish populists dash far-right hopes of grand EU alliance" 13121:. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. p. 2. 13059:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party" 12566:"Le Pen's far-right party suffers blow in French regional elections" 12196:"Marine Le Pen propose de rebaptiser le FN "Rassemblement national"" 9854:"Marine Le Pen n'envisage plus de suspendre les accords de Schengen" 9727:"Marine Le Pen propose de renommer le FN " Rassemblement national "" 9477:"Jean-Marie Le Pen fined again for dismissing Holocaust as 'detail'" 9148: 8949:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party" 5756:

At a conference in 2011, the two new leaders of the FN and the FPÖ,

5165:. In other issues, Le Pen opposed the invasions of Iraq, led by the 3003: 2833: 402: 18703: 17872: 17628: 17616: 17452:

Nations Presse Info, an information Website near the National Front

16836:"Jordan Bardella promu 2e vice-président du Rassemblement national" 16499:"France's Macron slams Israeli minister's backing of Marine Le Pen" 16384: 15410:"France's National Rally links to violent far-right group revealed" 15381: 15015: 13982:"French elections: Far-right's proposals go against the Green Deal" 13496: 13114: 12231: 10337: 8251:

The 1984 European election used proportional representation system.

5820: 5745: 5700: 5550: 5519: 5366: 5236:. It praised the 2024 recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the 5174: 5170: 5161:. The FN was also one of several parties that backed France's 2005 4992:

by many. The party has connected immigration to Islamic terrorism.

4844: 4623: 3659: 3437: 3401: 3264: 3164: 2941:

At the end of 2011, the National Front withdrew from the far-right

2776:

Mégret and his faction left the FN in January 1999 and founded the

2684: 2613: 2228: 2145: 2024:

to be the legitimate political vehicle for the far-right movement.

1736: 772: 550: 514: 17170:"France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right" 12648:"France: Marine Le Pen's National Rally estimated to win 89 seats" 12294:"'Let Them Call You Racists': Bannon's Pep Talk to National Front" 12041:"Far-right National Front stuns French elite with EU 'earthquake'" 11963:"France's National Front Scores Historic Win in European Election" 9453:"Marine Le Pen National Front leader | Who is Marine Le Pen?" 6360:

The position of General Secretary was held between 1972 and 2018:

5827:. In February 2017, two more conservative Republican Congressmen, 5795:

During her 2012 visit to the United States, Marine Le Pen met two

1969:

since 2022. Its candidate was defeated in the second round in the

17965: 17651: 17568: 17544: 17532: 17451: 13915:"Bardella goes back on promise to repeal Macron's pension reform" 13293: 13291: 13118:

Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe

8585:

Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe

6031: 5719: 5491: 5473: 5288: 5182: 4930: 3510: 3007: 2999: 2813: 2429: 623: 16316:"India Finally Lets Lawmakers into Kashmir: Far-Right Europeans" 16014:"Brexit party in talks to join far-right group in EU parliament" 15207:"Europe is trying to keep Russia from influencing its elections" 13026:

Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).

11814:"Anti-Euro Le Pen Party Wins First Parliament Seats in 15 Years" 11285:"French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen sets retirement date" 10474: 9315: 8876:

Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).

8615:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 91–120. 5539:

uncovered links between high-ranking National Rally figures and

5153:." It also proposed breaking all institutional ties back to the 18741: 17580: 17462:

Marine Le Pen's Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism

17387:

The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy

17075: 13783:"Macron-Le Pen face-off: EU supporter vs. economic nationalist" 11483: 9505:"Jean-Marie Le Pen condamné pour incitation à la haine raciale" 8974:"The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe's new far right" 8781:

The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy

8482:"Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu "protectionniste au sens large"" 8291:

The proportional representation was used in the 1986 elections.

6463:

the rebranded National Rally retained its spot as first party.

5992: 5466: 5328: 5000:

At the end of the 1970s, Jean-Marie Le Pen broke away from the

4982: 3327:

on 7th July, that figure was reduced to 120-170 seats, and the

3070:

Presidential and parliamentary election, rebranding (2017–2022)

3015: 2766: 2707: 2161: 2156:

and on right-wing dismay over the decision by French President

17466: 14771:"Retreating Eurosceptics now settle for 'reforms from within'" 13879:"France's far-right chief pledges to clean up public finances" 13612:"Marine Le Pen's Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France" 13492:"France's Marine Le Pen says she's not waging a religious war" 13288: 12879: 12357:"Steve Bannon tells French far-right 'history is on our side'" 11510: 10557: 8278:

It had won a mayorship only once before, in the small town of

6309:, in charge of elections and electoral litigations (2012–2018) 5240:

and suggested the French government should have acted sooner.

2655:, the FN held on to its ten seats, winning 11.7% of the vote. 19128: 19068: 19063: 17592: 15953:"Geert Wilders invites Nigel Farage to join anti-EU alliance" 13512:"Marine Le Pen backs European election alliance with Wilders" 12774:"Publication des candidatures et des résultats aux élections" 12513:"Le parti de Marine le Pen engrange les ralliements à droite" 12069: 10051: 8224: 8212: 6046: 5812: 5275:, on the grounds that this would be "recognising terrorism". 5225: 5130: 4978: 4974: 4568: 2680: 2524: 1681: 175: 15971:"Inevitably, Nigel Farage and Marine Le Pen are now buddies" 15935:"Le Pen's National Front fail to woo Britain's Eurosceptics" 14973:"Le Pen repeats slur that Nazi gas chambers were a 'detail'" 14014: 13568:"The French culture war over Islam shows no sign of abating" 11755:"Marion Le Pen becomes youngest French MP in modern history" 10039: 6019:. Morawiecki later expressed openness to the RN joining the 5835:, also met with Le Pen in Paris. The party also has ties to 5595:. Following the 1989 election, it teamed up with the German 2821:(UMP). The FN failed to hold on to Le Pen's support for the 2107:, receiving 33.9% of the votes in the run-off and losing to 19079:

Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain

17246:

The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power

17174:

The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis

17130:

The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power

15043:"Bruno Gollnisch condamné pour ses propos sur l'Holocauste" 14126:"France's Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro" 13396:. 20minutes.fr, 5 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2016. 13276: 12260:"Marine Le Pen sparks row over new name for Front National" 11407: 11173: 10954: 10906: 10390: 10325: 10313: 10301: 10233: 10027: 8613:

The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis

8314:"Vive la difference – has France's Front National changed?" 8218: 6321:, in charge of local executives and supervision (2014–2018) 5431:

Opinions on the holocaust, and relations with Jewish groups

5189: 3237: 3122: 2761:, the FN polled its best-ever result with 15.3% support in 2753:

and his faction broke out from the FN to form the MNR party

2741: 2085: 1994: 16875: 16873: 16871: 16869: 16867: 16865: 16863: 16861: 14531:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender" 14045: 14043: 14041: 13696: 13694: 13692: 13690: 13308: 13306: 12959: 12957: 11479:"Après le "Paquebot", Le Pen vend sa 605 blindée sur eBay" 11460: 11458: 11385: 11383: 11358: 11356: 11331: 11329: 11327: 11314: 11312: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11036: 11034: 11032: 10995: 10993: 10833: 10831: 10289: 9988: 8861:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender" 8632:

The Radical Right in Western Europe A Comparative Analysis

8537: 8535: 3106:

became the youngest ever member of the French parliament.

2298:. The party was launched on 5 October 1972 under the name 17440:

FNinfos, the official website of National Front activists

15279:"Is the Kremlin financing Europe's right-wing populists?" 14026: 13028:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms" 13025: 11638:"France's National Front picks Marine Le Pen as new head" 11419: 11368: 11255: 11161: 11120: 11017: 11005: 10930: 10872: 10870: 10843: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10702: 10700: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10640: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10497: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10489: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10194: 10192: 10017: 10015: 8878:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms" 8875: 8757:

France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism

8734:

The Far Right Today and The ideology of the extreme right

8230: 5879: 5377:, and that French laws should have primacy over EU laws. 4953:

In November 2015, the party stated as its goal to have a

4918:

The party opposed the 2016 criminalisation of the use of

3136:

had already been used as the name of a French party, the

1989:, protection of French identity, and stricter control of 15610:"Austrian far-right in fresh push for EU respectability" 14189:"French Military Operations in Africa Unpopular at Home" 13932: 13930: 13928: 12185:. France 24, 18 December 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 10966: 10717: 10715: 10685: 10512: 10510: 10402: 10361: 10277: 10267: 10265: 10204: 10177: 10165: 10155: 10153: 9949: 9937: 9925: 9913: 8458:"Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working" 6406:(2010–2011; interim period during the internal campaign) 6161:

party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in

16858: 15875:"Le Pen and Wilders unite to form eurosceptic alliance" 15505: 15493: 15481: 15099: 14991: 14604:"Bardella: No troops or long-range missiles to Ukraine" 14038: 13706: 13687: 13303: 13001:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections" 12981: 12969: 12954: 12942: 12135:"Why Macron Won: Luck, Skill and France's Dark History" 11605:"Marine Le Pen 'chosen to lead Frances National Front'" 11537:"La Peugeot de Le Pen à nouveau mise en vente sur ebay" 11455: 11443: 11431: 11395: 11380: 11353: 11341: 11324: 11309: 11243: 11185: 11149: 11132: 11082: 11070: 11058: 11046: 11029: 10990: 10978: 10918: 10894: 10882: 10828: 10114: 10000: 9901: 9721: 9719: 9242: 8819:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections" 8532: 6236:

since 2017. Under her leadership the party was renamed

5564: 4895:, harsher sentencing, increased prison capacity, and a 3254: 3118: 2368:, and generally the creation of a "French and European 15150:"The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote" 14910:. Enquete&Debat. 23 September 2014. Archived from 10942: 10867: 10855: 10816: 10804: 10769: 10757: 10697: 10650: 10629: 10617: 10605: 10522: 10486: 10373: 10245: 10216: 10189: 10138: 10126: 10012: 9884:"Left-wing surge thwarts far right in French election" 9754: 9752: 9303: 6297:, in charge of training and demonstrations (2011–2018) 5530: 1997:'s integrated command. It also supports reform of the 17439: 17226:

Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse

16205:"Geert Wilders voit Marine le Pen présidente en 2017" 16002:

https://x.com/EuropeElects/status/1129133778717282309

15051:(in French). Reuters. 18 January 2007. Archived from 14908:"Marine Le Pen, entre souverainisme et identitarisme" 14467:"We should beware Russia's links with Europe's right" 13925: 13411:"Marine Le Pen, France's (Kinder, Gentler) Extremist" 10792: 10712: 10673: 10593: 10581: 10569: 10545: 10507: 10349: 10262: 10150: 10063: 9430:. Policy-network.net. 22 January 2015. Archived from 6315:, in charge of strategy and communication (2012–2017) 5587:

after the 1984 election, which also consisted of the

3080:

On 24 April 2017, a day after the first round of the

2482: 37:"Front National" redirects here. For other uses, see 17806: 17325:"France: The historic victory of the Front National" 15917:"Warfare between Eurosceptic camps: Le Pen v Farage" 15445:"France's Marine Le Pen to Face Trial Over Spending" 13718: 13057:

Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).

11728:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy" 10424:

Political parties and the collapse of the old orders

9716: 9540:"France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended" 8947:

Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).

8840:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy" 6232:

from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the

5495:

development of radical Islam in problematic areas".

5346:suggested it was not a threat to France or Europe. 3263:, originally founded by Viktor Orbán with the Czech 2412:(1984) and his Catholic fundamentalists, as well as 2140:

The party's ideological roots can be traced to both

17295:

Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902

13003:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015. 11701:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll" 9749: 8903:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll" 8821:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015. 8604:

Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902

5397: 5185:in 1990, and subsequently considered him a friend. 5163:

rejection of the Treaty for a European Constitution

3062:The National Front received 4,712,461 votes in the 2338:'s Justice and Liberty movement; as well as former 19650:Member parties of the Identity and Democracy Party 17194:The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen 15583:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo" 15075:"Bruno Gollnisch blanchi par la Cour de cassation" 12292: 12133: 9598:. openeurope.org.uk. 23 March 2015. Archived from 8999:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo" 8583:Hobolt, Sara; De Vries, Catherine (16 June 2020). 2985: 2088:as the main currency of France (together with the 17228:. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 177–190. 16718:"Marie-Christine Arnautu: Functions in the party" 16628:"F. Philippot becomes a vice president of the FN" 13181:"Marine Le Pen's plan to make France great again" 13178: 9428:"The French National Front: On its way to power?" 5823:, whom Le Pen complimented for his stance on the 5583:. The first group it helped co-establish was the 4847:. Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg, following 2477: 19616: 18615: 17330:. In De Sio L.; Emanuele V.; Maggini N. (eds.). 15739:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 13753:"French National Front: Far right or hard left?" 13056: 12331: 11789:(in French). Minister of the Interior (France). 8946: 8363: 5722:group, which consisted of a variety of European 5551:Alleged payment of party officials with EU funds 5490:. After all, the National Front has always been 2992:municipal elections held on 23 and 30 March 2014 2899: 2702:(and thus the mayorship) in three cities in the 2528:monumental turning point in the rise of the FN. 2494:, leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011 2284:Logo of the National Front between 1972 and 2007 17168:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. (1997). 17167: 16424: 15308: 15306: 13297: 12072:"The National Front's victory: France in shock" 10563: 10480: 10057: 9129:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 8629: 8610: 6430:As of February 2023, the National Rally has 88 6228:French presidential elections. She served as a 5267:policies over time, particularly following the 2001:(EU) and its related organisations as well as 19700:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic 16029: 16027: 14853:"Ce que Marine le Pen propose pour la défense" 13674:"What does France's National Front stand for?" 13645: 13115:Catherine E. De Vries; Sara B. Hobolt (2020). 12103:"France Shaken by National Front 'Earthquake'" 11843: 11841: 11208: 9620: 8582: 8207:Other customary colours include the following: 5978:revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir 5922:In addition, the party has had relations with 5579:The FN has been part of several groups in the 4327:National Centre of Independents & Peasants 3949:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism 3244:National Rally–The Republicans alliance crisis 2791: 2318:'s Party of French Unity; "nationalists" from 2020:The party was founded in 1972, created by the 1440:National Centre of Independents & Peasants 1062:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism 18601: 18485: 17981: 17792: 17482: 17076:"Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2017" 16748:"Jean-François Jalkh: Functions in the party" 15756:"Marine Le Pen's awkward day on Capitol Hill" 14366: 14364: 14362: 14123: 12070:Charlemagne European politics (26 May 2014). 9262:"22 MESURES POUR 2022 (22 measures for 2022)" 9055:Garnier, Christophe-Cécil (7 December 2015). 6455:, when it gained 24% of the vote. During the 6181:. He served several terms as a deputy of the 5811:, who is known for his strong stance against 4778: 3999:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 3197:on the left, such as former economy minister 3150:its parliamentary group between 1986 and 1988 2894: 2695:, votes for Le Pen rose to 15% of the total. 2639:comments made by Le Pen and the FN newspaper 2379: 1891: 1112:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 18447:Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom 17101: 15721:. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017 15369: 15347:"Marine Le Pen justifie le prêt russe du FN" 15303: 15236: 15234: 14442:. Ukrinform.ua. 26 June 2013. Archived from 14020: 13750: 12885: 12853: 12766: 12749: 12747: 11901:"The French Right Scores a Historic Victory" 10331: 10307: 9286: 8971: 8630:McGann, Anthony; Kitschelt, Herbert (1997). 8611:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony (1995). 8572: 8417: 8036: 7213: 7181: 7116: 7089: 7045: 5591:(MSI), its early inspiration, and the Greek 5450:as "a point of detail of the history of the 4717: 4546: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4484: 4470: 4456: 4434: 3620: 3593: 3556: 3520: 3501: 3452: 3428: 3390: 3289: 2925:Results by region at the first round of the 2800:Logo for Le Pen's 2002 presidential campaign 2598: 2545:National Centre of Independents and Peasants 2216: 2205: 2197: 2189: 2175: 2169: 2160:to abandon his promise of holding on to the 1830: 1659: 1640: 1631: 1622: 1613: 1597: 1583: 1569: 1547: 733: 706: 669: 633: 614: 565: 541: 503: 18958:Fédération d'action nationale et européenne 17176:. University of Michigan. pp. 91–120. 16778:"Florian Philippot: Functions in the party" 16024: 15035: 11838: 8554:Azéma, Jean-Pierre; Winock, Michel (1994). 8553: 6021:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 5957:; after the election, Vox joined the RN in 5955:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 5498: 5484:criticise the policy of the State of Israel 5188:Marine Le Pen advocated France leaving the 4887:In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on a 2555:- although in unwinnable positions. Former 18608: 18594: 18492: 18478: 17988: 17974: 17799: 17785: 17489: 17475: 17429: 17263: 14975:. France 24. 27 March 2009. Archived from 14708:"European elections 2019 – as it happened" 14359: 13566:Esposti, Emanuelle Degli; Chaplin, Chris. 13565: 6425: 6030:and the AfD questioning French control of 5945:Since 2018, the RN has had relations with 5878:interviewed for the British radio station 5615:. In 2007, it was part of the short-lived 5574: 5402:The National Rally has advocated for full 5283:Marine Le Pen described Russian President 5084:Le Pen does not plan to withdraw from the 5055:Under Marine Le Pen, the RN has supported 4785: 4771: 2499:indistinguishable, particularly after the 1898: 1884: 408: 17332:The European Parliament Elections of 2014 15270: 15231: 14660: 14545: 14522: 14489: 14458: 14416:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 5 March 2014. 14370: 14060: 14058: 13468: 13466: 13464: 13050: 13019: 12744: 12674:"The makeover of France's National Rally" 12284: 11668:"Résultats des élections Cantonales 2011" 11215:The concise Oxford dictionary of politics 11209:McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009). 9169: 9126: 8921: 8372:"The rise and rise of France's far right" 8311: 6303:, in charge of social affairs (2011–2018) 3154:National Institute of Industrial Property 2248: 17223: 17046:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2021" 17016:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2015" 16986:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2010" 16956:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2004" 16926:"Résultat des élections Régionales 1998" 15784: 15607: 15148:Boitiaux, Charlotte (14 December 2011). 15147: 14148: 13609: 13584: 13546: 13441: 13404: 13402: 12993: 12753: 12698: 12563: 12290: 12257: 12224: 12131: 12100: 11960: 11746: 11632: 11630: 11599: 11597: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11270: 9788: 9290:Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea 8797: 7058: 5815:, which Domenic Powell argues, rises to 5386:structure, which France joined in 2009. 5320:were a "pro-Russian bloc." In 2014, the 4964: 4929: 4796: 3238:Jordan Bardella's leadership (from 2022) 3076:2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign 3053: 2920: 2909: 2906:2012 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign 2832: 2795: 2745: 2742:Turmoil and split of the MNR (1997–2002) 2486: 19139:National Council of European Resistance 17384: 17363: 17190: 17146: 16894: 16892: 16890: 16888: 16879: 16568: 15753: 15580: 15511: 15499: 15487: 15105: 14997: 14638: 14495: 14464: 14124:Georgiopoulos, George (20 March 2011). 14049: 14032: 13712: 13700: 13324: 13312: 13282: 12987: 12975: 12963: 12948: 12827: 11851:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 3 May 2013. 11811: 11464: 11449: 11437: 11425: 11413: 11401: 11389: 11374: 11362: 11347: 11335: 11318: 11261: 11249: 11196: 11179: 11167: 11155: 11143: 11126: 11088: 11076: 11064: 11052: 11040: 11023: 11011: 10999: 10984: 10972: 10960: 10948: 10936: 10924: 10912: 10900: 10888: 10876: 10861: 10849: 10837: 10822: 10810: 10798: 10786: 10763: 10721: 10706: 10691: 10679: 10667: 10644: 10623: 10611: 10599: 10587: 10575: 10551: 10539: 10516: 10501: 10450:"The Many Lives of François Mitterrand" 10408: 10396: 10384: 10367: 10355: 10343: 10319: 10295: 10283: 10271: 10256: 10239: 10227: 10210: 10198: 10183: 10171: 10159: 10144: 10132: 10120: 10081: 10069: 10045: 10033: 10021: 10006: 9994: 9974:. University of Michigan. p. 193. 9955: 9943: 9931: 9919: 9677: 9332: 9330: 9321: 9309: 9054: 8996: 8778: 8773: 8754: 8669: 8577: 8422:. Link.springer.com. pp. 166–180. 8402:"Le RN affirmé avoir 100,000 adhérents" 5741:Alliance of European National Movements 5555:In December 2023, 28 people, including 2943:Alliance of European National Movements 2345:The National Front fared poorly in the 2103:Le Pen reached the second round of the 445: The RN is considered part of the 14: 19635:Anti-Islam political parties in Europe 19617: 17409:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 17403: 17242: 17127: 16638:from the original on 26 September 2013 16564: 16562: 16560: 15712: 15698:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 15442: 15344: 15240: 15174: 14894:from the original on 24 September 2015 14696:"European far right hails Brexit vote" 14528: 14055: 13833: 13807: 13660:from the original on 25 September 2015 13461: 13408: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13206: 13152: 13148: 13146: 13144: 13087: 12864:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 11929: 11752: 11698: 11567: 11534: 11282: 11231:from the original on 27 September 2021 9907: 9678:Vinocur, Nicholas (12 February 2024). 9633:from the original on 25 September 2015 9248: 9218: 9194:from the original on 27 September 2021 9108:from the original on 26 September 2021 9081: 8934:from the original on 25 September 2015 8900: 8858: 8698: 8556:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 8504: 8492:from the original on 27 September 2015 8338: 8312:Gatehouse, Gabriel (5 December 2015). 7667: 6355: 5897:Though the FN had close contacts with 5819:and three-time presidential candidate 5735:(FPÖ) refused to join the efforts, as 5653:Conservative People's Party of Estonia 5215:Le Pen has praised Egyptian President 4803:Department for Protection and Security 4447:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge) 2917:, National Front president (2011–2022) 2828: 1560:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge) 198:Department for Protection and Security 19695:Political parties established in 1972 19640:Far-right political parties in France 18968:French and European Nationalist Party 18589: 18499: 18473: 17969: 17780: 17470: 17322: 17301: 16906:from the original on 24 February 2017 16808:Marine Le Pen rempile à la tête du FN 16688:"Louis Aliot: Functions in the party" 16658:"Alain Jamet: Functions in the party" 16328:from the original on 24 December 2019 16071:"Nigel Farage turns on Marine Le Pen" 15785:Levenson, Claire (14 February 2017). 15648:from the original on 10 November 2017 15589:from the original on 15 February 2011 15549: 15420:from the original on 2 September 2019 15291:from the original on 16 February 2015 15276: 15156:from the original on 30 December 2011 14859:from the original on 13 November 2013 14541:from the original on 29 January 2015. 14529:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). 14510:from the original on 29 November 2014 14496:Jauvert, Vincent (27 November 2014). 14420:from the original on 17 December 2014 14064: 14002:from the original on 12 February 2003 13536:. The ILR School, Cornell University. 13399: 13179:Vinocur, Nicholas (4 February 2017). 12832: 12718:"Bardella se récupère à Strasbourg". 12313:from the original on 15 February 2021 11725: 11627: 11594: 11476: 11267: 11202: 11108:from the original on 28 December 2014 10745:from the original on 12 December 2016 10733: 10447: 10420: 9864:from the original on 19 February 2021 9834:from the original on 21 February 2021 9818: 9816: 9801:from the original on 25 February 2021 9699: 9535:Jean-Marie suspension and expulsion: 9515:from the original on 25 February 2021 9367: 9365: 9350:from the original on 6 September 2017 9032:from the original on 27 February 2016 9005:from the original on 15 February 2011 8871:from the original on 29 January 2015. 8859:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). 8837: 8731: 8648: 8369: 5847:, and addressed an RN event in 2018. 5278: 5263:. The party has shifted towards more 5004:heritage of Poujadism and espoused a 4727:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau 3170:In January 2019, ex-Sarkozy minister 2862:legislative election of the same year 2428:, dismissing the FN as becoming "too 2304:Front national pour l'unité française 2231:group that supports the claim of the 2065:, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of " 1940: 1922: 1840:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau 369:Presidencies of Departmental Councils 188:Rassemblement national de la jeunesse 17768:Foundation of Identity and Democracy 17292: 17056:from the original on 7 November 2021 17026:from the original on 7 November 2021 16966:from the original on 7 November 2021 16936:from the original on 29 October 2021 16885: 16392:from the original on 25 October 2021 16229: 15622:from the original on 7 November 2021 15581:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). 15563:. pp. 11–13, 24. Archived from 15407: 15258:from the original on 14 January 2016 15187:from the original on 11 January 2011 15087:from the original on 7 November 2021 14751:from the original on 20 January 2020 14551: 14477:from the original on 1 December 2016 14371:Lichfield, John (27 November 2014). 14154: 14105:from the original on 20 January 2020 13442:Johannès, Franck (30 January 2021). 13359:"Net migration – France | Data" 13191:from the original on 5 February 2017 12272:from the original on 15 October 2018 12239:from the original on 15 October 2018 12038: 12003:from the original on 13 January 2015 9574:from the original on 8 December 2015 9459:from the original on 23 January 2015 9450: 9327: 8997:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). 8601: 7680:Elections to the European Parliament 7299: 6466: 6011:leader and Slovenian Prime Minister 5995:leader and Hungarian Prime Minister 5331:. In May 2015, one of her advisers, 5196:and has campaigned against allowing 3255:2024 European parliamentary election 3182:(LR) and joined the National Rally. 2963:, the National Front won two seats: 19630:Anti-immigration politics in France 17909:Union of Democrats and Independents 16846:from the original on 31 August 2019 16833: 16625: 16589:from the original on 31 August 2019 16571:"Organigramme du Front National FN" 16557: 16425:Law and Justice (7 February 2024). 16360:from the original on 2 January 2020 15754:Keating, Joshua (3 November 2011). 15277:Pabst, Sabrina (29 November 2014). 13728:. Theconversation.com. 3 May 2012. 13624:from the original on 4 October 2016 13610:Nossiter, Adam (17 November 2015). 13423:from the original on 6 January 2017 13203: 13141: 13096:from the original on 4 January 2019 12699:Malingre, Virginie (10 July 2024). 12415:from the original on 9 January 2019 12113:from the original on 23 August 2014 11535:Sulzer, Alexandre (30 April 2008). 11297:from the original on 3 January 2011 11283:Samuel, Henry (11 September 2008). 10102:from the original on 31 August 2019 9967: 9017: 8174:The party was formerly part of the 8151:The Radical Right in Western Europe 6445: 5675:. The RN has also been part of the 5535:A 2019 undercover investigation by 5531:Links with banned neo-fascist group 5243:Le Pen supports the restoration of 5149:", likening it to a "puppet of the 4487:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire 3028:the 7th arrondissement of Marseille 2279:Logo of the Italian Social Movement 1600:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire 24: 19164:Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms 18963:Federation of Nationalist Students 18710:French National-Collectivist Party 17995: 17217: 16996:from the original on 20 March 2012 16278:from the original on 4 August 2020 16211:from the original on 18 April 2020 15983:from the original on 15 March 2017 15823:from the original on 14 April 2020 15797:from the original on 29 April 2017 15713:Powell, Domenic (14 August 2012). 15357:from the original on 26 March 2015 15326:from the original on 17 March 2015 15219:from the original on 13 April 2017 14777:from the original on 23 April 2021 13732:from the original on 28 March 2019 13339:from the original on 11 March 2011 13069:from the original on 4 August 2020 12905:from the original on 7 August 2016 12467:from the original on 16 March 2021 12332:McNicholl, Tracy (11 March 2018), 12225:Herreros, Romain (11 March 2018). 11734:from the original on 27 April 2011 11707:from the original on 10 March 2011 11648:from the original on 24 April 2019 11615:from the original on 16 March 2011 11582:from the original on 18 March 2010 11217:. Oxford University. p. 356. 10462:from the original on 23 March 2017 10084:"Chronologie du Front National FN" 9813: 9789:Barbière, Cécile (16 April 2019). 9737:from the original on 11 March 2018 9700:Cohen, Dinah (22 September 2023). 9671: 9487:from the original on 23 March 2021 9451:Craw, Victoria (23 January 2015). 9390: 9362: 8959:from the original on 4 August 2020 8909:from the original on 10 March 2011 8846:from the original on 27 April 2011 6291:, first vice president (2011–2014) 6279: 6049:leader and Israeli Prime Minister 5928:IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 5776:, and other movements such as the 5699:group with Fidesz, Vox, the Czech 4048:"The Future of the Intelligentsia" 3140:, led by the radical-right lawyer 2841:for Le Pen's 2007 presidential bid 2564:, netting over 30% in some areas. 2483:Electoral breakthrough (1982–1988) 2177:Le cercle national des combattants 1161:"The Future of the Intelligentsia" 25: 19711: 18545:Mémoires : fils de la nation 17643:Other parliamentary group members 17416: 16545:from the original on 16 June 2019 15766:from the original on 27 July 2014 15389:from the original on 4 April 2015 15345:Mestre, Abel (23 November 2014). 15023:from the original on 20 July 2006 14641:Journal of European Public Policy 14465:Harding, Luke (8 December 2014). 14169:from the original on 30 July 2011 14155:Rohr, Mathieu von (7 July 2011). 13789:from the original on 10 July 2021 13763:from the original on 5 April 2015 13585:Khan-Ruf, Safya (22 April 2022). 13547:Belgacem, Assia (22 April 2022). 13409:Shorto, Russell (29 April 2011). 13038:from the original on 2 March 2017 13007:from the original on 1 March 2017 12925:"Parties and Elections in Europe" 12784:from the original on 30 June 2024 12576:from the original on 28 June 2021 12441:from the original on 4 April 2021 12206:from the original on 7 March 2019 12082:from the original on 2 April 2015 12051:from the original on 11 June 2019 11942:from the original on 2 April 2015 11911:from the original on 7 April 2014 11855:from the original on 2 April 2015 11793:from the original on 12 July 2012 11767:from the original on 22 June 2018 11680:from the original on 14 July 2011 9550:from the original on 20 July 2018 9063:from the original on 14 June 2018 8888:from the original on 2 March 2017 8825:from the original on 1 March 2017 8320:from the original on 17 July 2018 6230:Member of the European Parliament 6187:Member of the European Parliament 6017:2022 French presidential election 5991:In October 2021, Le Pen met with 5884:2019 European Parliament election 5693:2024 European Parliament election 5671:and a former member of Romania's 5527:, though this has not coalesced. 5360: 5351:2022 French presidential election 5228:. The party has advocated closer 5120: 4988:The National Rally is considered 4369:French Agrarian and Peasant Party 3217:2022 French presidential election 3174:and former conservative lawmaker 3102:was re-elected. FN's 23-year-old 3096:following parliamentary elections 3064:2014 European Parliament election 2458:(PS), a results that brought the 1985:, advocating significant cuts to 1482:French Agrarian and Peasant Party 341:Presidencies of Regional Councils 19033:Revolutionary Nationalist Groups 17650: 17627: 17615: 17603: 17591: 17579: 17567: 17555: 17543: 17531: 17334:. Rome: CISE. pp. 181–188. 17297:(in French). Les Indes Savantes. 17266:Modern & Contemporary France 17068: 17038: 17008: 16978: 16948: 16918: 16827: 16800: 16770: 16740: 16710: 16680: 16650: 16619: 16613:ici, par France Bleu et France 3 16601: 16527: 16509: 16491: 16473: 16455: 16437: 16418: 16404: 16372: 16340: 16308: 16290: 16264: 16246: 16223: 16197: 16179: 16161: 16143: 16125: 16107: 16095:from the original on 24 May 2019 16081: 16063: 16045: 16006: 15995: 15963: 15945: 15927: 15909: 15895: 15881: 15867: 15855:from the original on 4 June 2020 15835: 15809: 15778: 15747: 15706: 15680:from the original on 21 May 2019 15660: 15634: 15601: 15574: 15543: 15517: 15459: 15443:Kostov, Nick (8 December 2023). 15436: 15401: 15338: 15199: 15168: 15141: 15129:from the original on 19 May 2021 15111: 15067: 15003: 14965: 14939: 14921: 14871: 14845: 14833:from the original on 19 May 2021 14815: 14789: 14763: 14733: 14685: 14632: 14614: 14596: 14578: 14566:from the original on 16 May 2015 14432: 14406: 14389: 14341: 14323: 14305: 14287: 14269: 14255: 14241: 14220: 14202: 14181: 14117: 14091: 14079:from the original on 18 May 2013 13988: 13974: 13948: 13907: 13889: 13871: 13853: 13834:Brunet, Romain (29 March 2023). 13827: 13801: 13775: 13744: 13636: 13603: 13597: 13578: 13559: 13540: 13526: 13504: 13484: 13435: 13377: 13365:from the original on 19 May 2021 13351: 13318: 13246: 13228: 13172: 13135: 13108: 13088:Taylor, Kyle (24 January 2017). 13081: 12917: 12891: 12818: 12796: 12726: 12711: 12692: 12666: 12640: 12614: 12588: 12557: 12545:from the original on 19 May 2021 12531: 12519:from the original on 19 May 2021 12505: 12493:from the original on 19 May 2021 12479: 12453: 12427: 12401: 12373: 12349: 12325: 12291:Nossiter, Adam (10 March 2018). 12251: 12218: 12188: 12168: 12125: 12094: 12063: 12032: 12015: 11985: 11973:from the original on 29 May 2014 11954: 11923: 11893: 11867: 11812:Fouquet, Helene (17 June 2012). 11805: 11779: 11719: 11692: 11660: 11561: 11528: 11503: 11491:from the original on 22 May 2011 11470: 11094: 9770:from the original on 1 June 2018 9511:. lemonde.fr. 24 February 2005. 9219:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 April 2016). 8984:from the original on 8 July 2020 8922:Lichfield, John (1 March 2015). 8634:. University of Michigan Press. 8517:from the original on 7 July 2015 8382:from the original on 8 July 2024 8351:from the original on 3 July 2024 8285: 8272: 8263: 8188:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty 8019: 8002: 8001: 7969: 7968: 7931: 7930: 7898: 7897: 7863: 7862: 7830: 7829: 7795: 7794: 7761: 7655: 7654: 7610: 7609: 7565: 7564: 7520: 7519: 7480: 7479: 7432: 7431: 7383: 7285: 7271: 7247: 7234: 7233: 7207: 7206: 7175: 7174: 7151: 7150: 7137: 7136: 7109: 7083: 7082: 7039: 7038: 6966: 6965: 6925: 6924: 6889: 6888: 6853: 6852: 6813: 6779: 6778: 6743: 6742: 6707: 6706: 6671: 6670: 6635: 6634: 6600: 6567: 6534: 6248: 6197: 6138: 6039:2024 French legislative election 5749:("right-wing") movement and the 5695:, the National Rally joined the 5617:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty 5425: 5398:Electoral reform and referendums 5070:2024 French legislative election 4882: 4752: 4740: 3364: 3306:2024 French legislative election 3296:2024 French legislative election 3224:2022 French legislative election 2266: 2257: 2130:snap French legislative election 1865: 1853: 477: 61: 19028:Rassemblement National Français 17496: 16615:(in French). 12 September 2021. 15608:Phillips, Leigh (9 June 2011). 15175:Primor, Adar (7 January 2011). 14953:from the original on 1 May 2021 13234:Samuel, Henry (15 April 2022). 13216:Samuel, Henry (14 April 2022). 13153:Samuel, Henry (24 April 2022). 12754:Barbarit, Simon (3 July 2024). 12379:Ganley, Elaine (10 March 2018) 12258:Willsher, Kim (12 March 2018). 12156:from the original on 9 May 2017 12101:Meichtry, Stacy (26 May 2014). 11961:Meichtry, Stacy (25 May 2014). 11930:Samuel, Henry (23 March 2014). 11726:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). 11568:Samuel, Henry (15 March 2010). 11477:Riché, Pascal (29 April 2008). 10727: 10448:Birch, Jonah (19 August 2015). 10441: 10414: 10075: 9961: 9876: 9860:(in French). 12 February 2020. 9846: 9782: 9645: 9621:John Lichfield (1 March 2015). 9614: 9588: 9529: 9417: 9280: 9254: 9212: 9206: 9163: 9120: 9075: 8838:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). 8505:Taylor, Adam (8 January 2015). 8254: 8245: 8235: 8201: 8184:Technical Group of Independents 6977: 6159:National Front for French Unity 6062:The executive bureau features: 5627:group, which also includes the 5613:Technical Group of Independents 5567:funds which were earmarked for 5273:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 4452:Initiative and Liberty Movement 3138:Rassemblement National Français 2986:Electoral successes (2012–2017) 2300:National Front for French Unity 1565:Initiative and Liberty Movement 32:National Rally (disambiguation) 18454:Europe of Nations and Freedom 16902:. European Election Database. 15177:"The daughter as de-demonizer" 14797:"L'OTAN vue par Marine le Pen" 14065:James, Barry (23 April 2002). 13996:"Le Pen and his feminine side" 13808:Conesa, Elsa (18 April 2022). 13646:John Lichfield (26 May 2014). 13325:Squires, Nick (8 March 2011). 13260:. 7 April 2016. Archived from 12901:. Lefigaro.fr. 13 April 2015. 12564:Willsher, Kim (27 June 2021). 12355:Willsher, Kim (10 March 2018) 11753:Samuel, Henry (17 June 2012). 10734:Fabre, Clarisse (4 May 2002). 9971:Political parties of the world 9830:(in French). 29 January 2021. 9655:. France24.com. Archived from 9082:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 May 2016). 9048: 8759:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 8732:Mudde, Cas (25 October 2019). 8587:. Princeton University Press. 8471: 8408: 8394: 8339:Corbet, Sylvie (3 July 2024). 8305: 8168: 7762: 7384: 7286: 7272: 7248: 7110: 6814: 6601: 6568: 6535: 6367:Dominique Chaboche (1973–1976) 6263:Acting since 13 September 2021 6157:Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the 5942:to join the ID Party in 2024. 5074:2023 French pension reform law 4925: 3206:2021 French regional elections 2927:2015 French regional elections 2478:Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership 2374:Revolutionary Communist League 2243: 2042:was elected as her successor. 1963:parliamentary opposition party 1953:political party, described as 449:and does not oppose democracy. 13: 1: 19690:National conservative parties 19680:Eurosceptic parties in France 19670:1972 establishments in France 19665:Right-wing populism in France 19490:Active publications and media 18760:Revolutionary Social Movement 16900:"France: Elections 1990–2010" 15550:Mareš, Miroslav (July 2006). 15244:, Marine (27 November 2014). 14653:10.1080/13501763.2020.1754885 12132:Nossiter, Adam (7 May 2017). 8717:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1069063 8684:10.1080/01419870.2015.1016071 8420:Twenty-First Century Populism 8298: 8192:Europe of Nations and Freedom 6370:Victor Barthélémy (1976–1978) 6109: 6094:(deputy regional councilor), 6057: 5850:The FN allied with the Dutch 5801:U.S. House of Representatives 5784:(Belgian Flanders), Germany ( 5766:European Alliance for Freedom 5525:Russia's annexation of Crimea 5406:in France, claiming that the 5159:accession of Turkey to the EU 3146:presidential campaign in 1965 2945:and joined the more moderate 2900:Revival of the FN (2011–2012) 2351:Front national de la jeunesse 2135: 2125:European Parliament elections 1924:[ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃nɑsjɔnal] 19655:Right-wing parties in France 19144:National Republican Movement 18679:Antisemitic League of France 18617:Far-right politics in France 17278:10.1080/09639489.2012.691290 17113:. Harvard University Press. 17111:Far-Right Politics in Europe 14552:Vaux, Pierre (14 May 2015). 13751:Henry Astier (16 May 2014). 12929:www.parties-and-elections.eu 11997:International Business Times 11699:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). 10421:White, John Kenneth (1998). 10346:, pp. 179–180, 185–187. 9170:Forchtner, Bernhard (2020). 8901:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). 8370:Kirby, Paul (30 June 2024). 5841:White House Chief Strategist 5677:Identity and Democracy Party 5645:Freedom and Direct Democracy 4913:capital punishment in France 4414:Union for a Popular Movement 3159:During that party congress, 3142:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour 3048:International Business Times 2947:European Alliance of Freedom 2819:Union for a Popular Movement 2778:National Republican Movement 2521:20th arrondissement of Paris 2186:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour 2152:movement founded in 1953 by 2117:2022 parliamentary elections 1527:Union for a Popular Movement 437: 7: 19660:Right-wing populist parties 19104:Equality and Reconciliation 18766:Service d'ordre légionnaire 17809:political parties in France 17385:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). 17147:DeClair, Edward G. (1999). 16784:(in French). Archived from 16754:(in French). Archived from 16724:(in French). Archived from 16694:(in French). Archived from 16664:(in French). Archived from 15642:"Marine Le Pen en Autriche" 15431:want when we are in power.' 15385:(in French). 3 April 2015. 15083:(in French). 24 June 2009. 15019:(in French). 13 July 2006. 13298:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10564:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10481:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10058:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 9018:Van, Sonia (29 July 2011). 8779:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). 8139: 7661:Leftist Union + Ecologists 6234:National Assembly of France 6183:National Assembly of France 5404:proportional representation 5392:Russian invasion of Ukraine 5291:has been subjugated by the 5095: 3338: 3193:, former LR officials, and 2792:Presidential run-off (2002) 2438:European Parliament in 1979 1981:presidential elections. It 1961:. It is the single largest 1935:from 1972 to 2018 (French: 10: 19716: 19685:French nationalist parties 19008:Organisation Armée Secrète 18953:European Rally for Liberty 17094: 15469:. Reuters. 8 December 2023 13243:. Retrieved 17 April 2022. 13225:. Retrieved 17 April 2022. 12722:. 10 July 2024. p. 2. 12039:John, Mark (25 May 2014). 11676:(in French). 26 May 2011. 7391:Union for French Democracy 6457:2017 presidential election 6009:Slovenian Democratic Party 5968:following the decision by 5687:, which was later renamed 5316:that the National Front's 5102:2002 legislative elections 5079: 4995: 4955:net legal immigration rate 4352:VIA, the Way of the People 4087:The Tears of the White Man 3959:The Genius of Christianity 3293: 3241: 3073: 2954:2012 presidential election 2903: 2895:Marine Le Pen's leadership 2858:2007 presidential election 2837:National advertisement in 2823:2002 legislative elections 2806:2002 presidential election 2759:1997 legislative elections 2693:1995 presidential election 2689:1993 legislative elections 2629:1988 legislative elections 2622:1988 presidential election 2569:1986 legislative elections 2517:Union for French Democracy 2445:1981 presidential election 2434:1978 legislative elections 2394:revolutionary nationalists 2380:FN–PFN rivalry (1973–1981) 2358:1974 presidential election 2347:1973 legislative elections 2296:1973 legislative elections 2238: 2182:1965 presidential election 2105:2017 presidential election 1465:VIA, the Way of the People 1200:The Tears of the White Man 1072:The Genius of Christianity 114:Parliamentary party leader 36: 29: 19566: 19489: 19443: 19182: 19051: 18933: 18782: 18664: 18623: 18555: 18536: 18521:Blue, White and Red Rally 18507: 18438: 18429:Rassemblement bleu Marine 18420: 18413: 18350:Rassemblement bleu Marine 18347: 18315: 18288: 18261: 18194: 18087: 18036: 18005: 17945: 17922: 17894: 17871: 17838: 17815: 17761: 17735: 17711: 17685: 17669: 17642: 17523: 17516: 17506: 16234:. Srpskanarodnapartija.rs 16230:Име* (12 November 2021). 12628:(in French). 12 June 2022 11511:"Encyclopedia Britannica" 11211:"National Front (France)" 9324:, pp. 46, 56 and 71. 8972:Polakow-Suransky, Sasha. 8699:Mondon, Aurelien (2015). 8672:Ethnic and Racial Studies 8037:Congress of New Caledonia 8025:Run in a joint list with 7949: 7869: 7714: 7577: 7525: 7442: 7437: 7351: 7194: 7070: 6996: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6984: 6826: 6509: 6421:Steeve Briois (2017–2018) 6376:Pierre Gérard (1980–1981) 6373:Alain Renault (1978–1980) 6345:Steeve Briois (2018–2022) 6272: 6247: 6244: 6215: 6196: 6193: 6156: 6137: 6134: 5667:, a former member of the 5665:Congress of the New Right 5337:Donetsk People's Republic 5257:Israel-Palestine conflict 4473:Nouvelle Action Royaliste 3290:2024 legislative election 3204:In the months before the 2961:2012 legislative election 2599:Consolidation (1988–1997) 2469:1981 legislative election 1586:Nouvelle Action Royaliste 416: 400: 395: 381: 367: 353: 339: 325: 311: 297: 286: 274:European Parliament group 272: 260: 254:Rassemblement bleu Marine 249: 237: 214: 203: 193: 181: 166: 156: 138: 124: 113: 87: 77: 69: 60: 48: 19444:Ideologies and movements 17830:New Anticapitalist Party 17726:Von der Leyen Commission 17050:Minister of the Interior 17020:Minister of the Interior 16990:Minister of the Interior 16960:Minister of the Interior 16930:Minister of the Interior 16232:"Српска народна партија" 15559:. Brno, Czech Republic: 14381:. London. Archived from 14021:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12886:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12854:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12824:Scholarly descriptions: 12778:Ministère de l'Intérieur 12362:15 February 2021 at the 11673:French Interior Ministry 10332:Camus & Lebourg 2017 10308:Camus & Lebourg 2017 8573:Camus & Lebourg 2017 8428:10.1057/9780230592100_11 8347:. The Associated Press. 8161: 6364:Alain Robert (1972–1973) 5999:, Polish Prime Minister 5858:, the new leader of the 5733:Freedom Party of Austria 5629:Freedom Party of Austria 5593:National Political Union 5499:Czecho-Russian bank loan 5249:Lebanese economic crisis 5230:France–Morocco relations 5202:2010–2011 Ivorian crisis 4549:Service d'Action Civique 4039:Enquête sur la monarchie 3939:Considerations on France 3492:Catholic social teaching 3346:This article is part of 3281:Lega per Salvini Premier 3232:parliamentary opposition 2704:1995 municipal elections 2509:1983 municipal elections 2450:The election was won by 2426:French Nationalist Party 2003:economic interventionism 1662:Service d'Action Civique 1152:Enquête sur la monarchie 1052:Considerations on France 605:Catholic social teaching 459:This article is part of 383:Departmental Councillors 53: 19625:National Rally (France) 18973:Front Algérie Française 18088:Presidential candidates 18053:Marie-Christine Arnautu 17738:at the European Council 17293:Joly, Bertrand (2008). 17191:Shields, James (2007). 16806:AFP (30 November 2014) 14887:. Politics.as.nyu.edu. 13092:. Pew Research Center. 13063:The Wall Street Journal 12806:. Euronews. 2 July 2024 12107:The Wall Street Journal 11967:The Wall Street Journal 9968:Day, Alan John (2002). 9447:Devil of the Republic: 9403:Encyclopædia Britannica 8953:The Wall Street Journal 8602:Joly, Bertrand (2008). 6461:2019 European elections 6453:2014 European elections 6426:Elected representatives 6301:Marie-Christine Arnautu 5770:Heinz-Christian Strache 5762:Heinz-Christian Strache 5641:Alternative for Germany 5589:Italian Social Movement 5575:International relations 5380: 5251:. The party supports a 5086:Paris Climate Agreement 4801:Members of the party's 4747:Conservatism portal 4537:Independent Republicans 4384:Independent Republicans 4067:Violence and the Sacred 3979:St Petersburg Dialogues 3113:left the FN and formed 2936:2011 cantonal elections 2889:2010 regional elections 2851:2004 European elections 2847:2004 regional elections 2653:1989 European elections 2646:1988 cantonal elections 2562:1985 cantonal elections 2537:1984 European elections 2515:(RPR) and the centrist 2312:Italian Social Movement 1860:Conservatism portal 1650:Independent Republicans 1497:Independent Republicans 1180:Violence and the Sacred 1092:St Petersburg Dialogues 239:Political position 170:114 bis rue Michel-Ange 18:National Rally (France) 19603:Algiers putsch of 1961 19589:6 February 1934 crisis 19154:Rassemblement National 19094:Carrefour de l'Horloge 18755:National Popular Rally 18270:Marion Maréchal-Le Pen 17848:French Communist Party 17712:European Commissioners 17243:Davies, Peter (1999). 17128:Davies, Peter (2012). 16782:Rassemblement National 16752:Rassemblement National 16722:Rassemblement National 16692:Rassemblement National 16662:Rassemblement National 16569:De Boissieu, Laurent. 16539:Rassemblement National 12181:9 January 2018 at the 12026:14 August 2015 at the 11819:Bloomberg Businessweek 11104:. Archives.lesoir.be. 10082:De Boissieu, Laurent. 9266:Rassemblement National 8755:Rydgren, Jens (2008). 8242:departments threefold. 8196:Identity and Democracy 8156:Radical right (Europe) 7439:Rally for the Republic 7333:Regional presidencies 6090:(regional councilor), 5974:Bharatiya Janata Party 5936:Serbian People's Party 5625:Identity and Democracy 5545:Christelle Lechevalier 5245:France-Syria relations 5112:had 36%, and Chirac's 4935: 4920:prostitution in France 4899:on re-introducing the 4806: 4718: 4547: 4528: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4485: 4471: 4457: 4444:Carrefour de l'Horloge 4435: 4399:Rally for the Republic 4322:Future with Confidence 4077:The Camp of the Saints 3621: 3594: 3557: 3521: 3502: 3453: 3429: 3391: 3357:Conservatism in France 3302:union of the far-right 3134:Rassemblement national 3130:Rassemblement national 3059: 2930: 2918: 2842: 2801: 2786:1999 European election 2754: 2592:the regional elections 2513:Rally for the Republic 2505:tournant de la rigueur 2495: 2330:'s and Alain Robert's 2249:Foundation (1972–1973) 2235:to the French throne. 2225:Restauration Nationale 2217: 2206: 2198: 2190: 2176: 2170: 2098:European Economic Area 2078:Rassemblement National 1942:[fʁɔ̃nɑsjɔnal] 1936: 1916:Rassemblement national 1915: 1831: 1660: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1598: 1584: 1570: 1557:Carrefour de l'Horloge 1548: 1512:Rally for the Republic 1435:Future with Confidence 1190:The Camp of the Saints 734: 707: 670: 634: 615: 566: 542: 504: 470:Conservatism in France 144:; 51 years ago 54:Rassemblement National 27:French political party 18684:Breton National Party 17508:Parliamentary group: 17366:Parliamentary Affairs 17323:Russo, Luana (2014). 17302:Mayer, Nonna (2013). 17078:. Elections.bfmtv.com 16353:The Telegraph (India) 15447:. Wall Street Journal 15080:Le Nouvel Observateur 14503:Le Nouvel Observateur 13518:. 14 September 2013. 13392:29 April 2017 at the 12870:6 August 2020 at the 12833:Mayer, Nonna (2013). 12386:4 August 2020 at the 10048:, pp. 31, 36–37. 9233:10.3917/pouv.157.0115 8738:John Wiley & Sons 8705:Patterns of Prejudice 8651:Parliamentary Affairs 8606:. Les Indes Savantes. 8558:. Éditions du Seuil. 5924:Krasimir Karakachanov 5871:UK Independence Party 5790:Slovak National Party 5774:UK Independence Party 5669:UK Independence Party 5661:Danish People's Party 5623:. It was part of the 5414:and green politician 5297:Revolution of Dignity 5269:2023 Israel–Hamas war 5206:2011 Libyan civil war 4965:Islam and immigration 4933: 4915:if she were elected. 4873:national conservative 4849:Pierre-André Taguieff 4800: 4708:Immigrant criminality 4688:Clerical philosophers 4404:Republican Federation 4057:The Reign of Quantity 3730:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet 3645:Thermidorian Reaction 3603:Traditional authority 3407:Political Catholicism 3191:Nicolas Dupont-Aignan 3082:presidential election 3057: 2924: 2913: 2836: 2799: 2749: 2490: 1821:Immigrant criminality 1801:Clerical philosophers 1517:Republican Federation 1170:The Reign of Quantity 843:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet 758:Thermidorian Reaction 716:Traditional authority 520:Political Catholicism 403:rassemblementnational 19478:Révolution nationale 18978:Groupe Union Défense 18943:Charles Martel Group 18773:Solidarité Française 18715:French Popular Party 18203:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 17953:Miscellaneous centre 16834:AFP (16 June 2019). 16626:AFP (12 July 2012). 16207:. 29 November 2014. 16157:. 18 September 2023. 16121:. 23 September 2022. 15055:on 30 September 2007 14385:on 11 February 2015. 11549:on 27 September 2011 10427:. SUNY. p. 38. 10399:, pp. 182, 198. 10322:, pp. 181, 184. 10242:, pp. 177, 185. 10036:, pp. 159, 169. 9059:(in French). Slate. 8452:. 18 September 2016. 8280:Saint-Gilles-du-Gard 6440:National Rally group 6380:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 5803:associated with the 5222:United Arab Emirates 5217:Abdel Fattah El-Sisi 5057:economic nationalism 4698:French–German enmity 4097:The Tyranny of Guilt 3989:Democracy in America 3682:Second French Empire 3431:Révolution nationale 2581:Agence France-Presse 2503:' "austerity turn" ( 2398:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 2334:; the anti-Gaullist 2200:Groupe Union Défense 1811:French–German enmity 1210:The Tyranny of Guilt 1102:Democracy in America 795:Second French Empire 544:Révolution nationale 355:Regional Councillors 262:European affiliation 250:National affiliation 30:For other uses, see 19579:Franco-Prussian War 19325:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 19134:League of the South 19124:Generation Identity 19013:Party of New Forces 18993:Nouvelle Résistance 18749:Mouvement Franciste 18735:Ligue des Patriotes 18721:Jeunesses Patriotes 18395:Paul-Marie Coûteaux 18381:Miscellaneous right 18316:Leadership election 18262:Chamber of Deputies 18235:Jean-François Jalkh 18195:General Secretaries 18069:Jean-François Jalkh 17957:Miscellaneous right 17886:Democratic Movement 17853:La France Insoumise 17736:Heads of government 17702:European Parliament 17686:European Parliament 17510:Patriots for Europe 17153:. Duke University. 16788:on 11 November 2013 16758:on 11 November 2013 16698:on 10 November 2013 16668:on 11 November 2013 16388:. 22 October 2021. 16356:. 28 October 2019. 16324:. 29 October 2019. 16274:. 2 December 2018. 15959:. 13 November 2013. 15905:. 15 December 2013. 15877:. 13 November 2013. 15322:. 8 December 2014. 14979:on 3 September 2013 14949:. 4 February 2021. 14773:. 6 November 2019. 14747:. 16 January 2019. 14400:6 July 2015 at the 14234:. 25 October 2016. 14216:. 15 December 2020. 14101:. 16 January 2019. 13285:, pp. 177–185. 11760:The Daily Telegraph 11644:. 16 January 2011. 11611:. 15 January 2011. 11416:, pp. 291–293. 11182:, pp. 277–279. 10963:, pp. 247–249. 10915:, pp. 235–237. 9997:, pp. 163–164. 9602:on 19 November 2015 9434:on 15 February 2018 9141:2019WIRCC..10E.604F 8511:The Washington Post 7683: 7674:European Parliament 7668:European Parliament 7308: 7060:did not participate 6475: 6404:Jean-François Jalkh 6356:General Secretaries 6307:Jean-François Jalkh 6041:, Israeli minister 6023:in February 2024. 5959:Patriots for Europe 5697:Patriots for Europe 5649:Dutch Freedom Party 5581:European Parliament 5569:European Parliament 5541:Generation Identity 5456:concentration camps 5375:European Commission 5355:Russo-Ukrainian War 5169:, both in the 1991 5090:European Green Deal 4603:La Nation française 4379:Movement for France 4374:French Social Party 4189:Political positions 4179:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 3785:Fustel de Coulanges 3672:Bourbon Restoration 3667:Second White Terror 3412:Christian democracy 3261:Patriots for Europe 3210:la droite populaire 3121:and abandoning the 2829:Decline (2003–2010) 2763:metropolitan France 2511:, the centre-right 2452:François Mitterrand 2414:Jean-Yves Le Gallou 2386:Party of New Forces 1991:illegal immigration 1983:opposes immigration 1955:right-wing populist 1716:La Nation française 1492:Movement for France 1487:French Social Party 1302:Political positions 1292:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 898:Fustel de Coulanges 785:Bourbon Restoration 780:Second White Terror 525:Christian democracy 327:European Parliament 279:Patriots for Europe 229:Right-wing populism 142:5 October 1972 120:(National Assembly) 19498:Boulevard Voltaire 19018:Phalange Française 17949:Miscellaneous left 17445:7 May 2017 at the 17389:. Westview Press. 17351:on 27 October 2014 16813:9 May 2015 at the 16728:on 14 October 2014 16451:. 26 January 2024. 16414:. 5 February 2022. 16321:The New York Times 16175:. 2 February 2024. 15644:. Front National. 15570:on 18 August 2011. 15561:Masaryk University 14337:. 5 November 2023. 14319:. 22 October 2023. 14281:Morocco World News 14265:. 19 January 2023. 14251:. 17 October 2023. 14072:The New York Times 13617:The New York Times 13416:The New York Times 13032:The New York Times 12720:Le Canard Enchaîné 12299:The New York Times 12174:Louise Nordstorm, 12141:The New York Times 10298:, p. 180–184. 9570:. 20 August 2015. 9472:Holocaust denial: 8882:The New York Times 8783:. Westview Press. 7672: 7304: 6471: 6438:as members of the 6434:. They sit in the 6078:(vice-president), 6074:(vice-president), 6070:(vice-president), 6051:Benjamin Netanyahu 6001:Mateusz Morawiecki 5805:Tea Party movement 5731:. The significant 5683:and the Bulgarian 5673:Conservative Party 5516:Reinhard Bütikofer 5460:Court of Cassation 5323:Nouvel Observateur 5279:Russia and Ukraine 5253:two-state solution 5200:. During both the 4936: 4867:) and social (the 4807: 4693:European New Right 4617:Le Figaro Magazine 4582:Famille chrétienne 4459:La Manif pour tous 4107:The French Suicide 3705:Barbey d'Aurevilly 3655:Companions of Jehu 3650:First White Terror 3497:Counter-revolution 3381:French nationalism 3279:, and the Italian 3060: 3040:Camaret-sur-Aigues 2931: 2919: 2843: 2802: 2755: 2676:affaire du foulard 2671:Ayatollah Khomeini 2496: 1806:European New Right 1730:Le Figaro Magazine 1695:Famille chrétienne 1572:La Manif pour tous 1220:The French Suicide 818:Barbey d'Aurevilly 768:Companions of Jehu 763:First White Terror 610:Counter-revolution 494:French nationalism 421:Politics of France 224:French nationalism 19645:Jean-Marie Le Pen 19612: 19611: 19420:Tixier-Vignancour 18988:L'Œuvre Française 18865:Drieu La Rochelle 18583: 18582: 18501:Jean-Marie Le Pen 18467: 18466: 18463: 18462: 18061:Florian Philippot 18018:Jean-Marie Le Pen 17963: 17962: 17774: 17773: 17665: 17664: 17378:10.1093/pa/gss076 17341:978-88-98012-15-2 17256:978-0-415-15866-4 17235:978-1-78093-343-6 17208:978-0-415-37200-8 17183:978-0-472-08441-8 17160:978-0-8223-2139-2 17139:978-1-134-72530-4 16535:"Bureau Exécutif" 16523:. 7 October 2024. 15979:. 14 March 2017. 15408:Harrison, David. 15215:. 12 April 2017. 14829:. 14 March 2017. 14301:. 8 October 2023. 14035:, pp. 282 f. 13785:. 23 April 2017. 13264:on 28 August 2017 13240:Irish Independent 12899:"Jean-Yves Camus" 12888:, pp. 12–13. 12680:. 16 October 2022 12463:. 12 March 2021. 12202:. 11 March 2018. 11999:. 31 March 2014. 11907:. 31 March 2014. 11428:, pp. 292 f. 11377:, pp. 288 f. 11264:, pp. 280 f. 11224:978-0-19-920516-5 11170:, pp. 271 f. 11129:, pp. 264 f. 11026:, pp. 262 f. 11014:, pp. 260 f. 10939:, pp. 236 f. 10852:, pp. 223 f. 10694:, pp. 64–66. 10483:, pp. 95–98. 10434:978-0-7914-4067-4 10186:, pp. 174 f. 10174:, pp. 173 f. 9981:978-0-9536278-7-5 9958:, pp. 13–17. 9946:, pp. 27–31. 9934:, pp. 25–27. 9922:, pp. 21–24. 9910:, pp. 31–35. 9733:. 11 March 2018. 9423:Softening image: 9251:, pp. 46–55. 9187:978-1-351-10402-9 9101:978-1-317-41978-5 8663:10.1093/pa/gss071 8488:. 21 April 2014. 8437:978-1-349-28476-4 8182:(1989–1994), the 8178:(1984–1989), the 8137: 8136: 8015: 8014: 7716:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7665: 7664: 7353:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7306:Regional councils 7300:Regional councils 7297: 7296: 7072:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7028:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6975: 6974: 6511:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6473:National Assembly 6467:National Assembly 6436:National Assembly 6313:Florian Philippot 6277: 6276: 6264: 6145:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6104:Jean-Paul Garraud 6086:(spokesperson), 6007:(PiS) party, and 5966:Jammu and Kashmir 5903:Brothers of Italy 5852:Party for Freedom 5788:), and Slovakia ( 5703:, the Portuguese 5643:(AfD), the Czech 5609:National Alliance 5448:Nazi gas chambers 5371:Council of the EU 5259:and welcomed the 5040:, to one between 4795: 4794: 4759:France portal 4703:French Revolution 4662:Valeurs actuelles 4164:de La Tour du Pin 4019:What Is a Nation? 3640:War in the Vendée 3329:New Popular Front 3321:absolute majority 3267:and the Austrian 3228:National Assembly 3199:Arnaud Montebourg 3176:Jean-Paul Garraud 3111:Florian Philippot 3032:Villers-Cotterêts 2976:François Hollande 2700:absolute majority 2608:, one of the new 2492:Jean-Marie Le Pen 2465:absolute majority 2328:François Brigneau 2158:Charles de Gaulle 2148:, small business 2121:National Assembly 2026:Jean-Marie Le Pen 1987:legal immigration 1967:National Assembly 1908: 1907: 1872:France portal 1816:French Revolution 1775:Valeurs actuelles 1277:de La Tour du Pin 1132:What Is a Nation? 753:War in the Vendée 454: 453: 426:Political parties 299:National Assembly 210:100,000 (claimed) 129:Jean-Marie Le Pen 16:(Redirected from 19707: 19546:Radio Courtoisie 19527: 19183:Post-1945 people 19114:The Nationalists 19099:Debout la France 19059:Action Française 18936:post-1945 groups 18673:Action Française 18610: 18603: 18596: 18587: 18586: 18576:(wife 1960–1987) 18574:Pierrette Le Pen 18494: 18487: 18480: 18471: 18470: 18456: 18449: 18431: 18418: 18417: 18406: 18398: 18390: 18383: 18376: 18375: 18362: 18351: 18340: 18339: 18326: 18308: 18300: 18281: 18273: 18254: 18246: 18238: 18230: 18222: 18214: 18206: 18187: 18175: 18163: 18151: 18139: 18127: 18115: 18103: 18080: 18072: 18064: 18056: 18048: 18029: 18021: 18009: 17999: 17990: 17983: 17976: 17967: 17966: 17801: 17794: 17787: 17778: 17777: 17752:European Council 17688:Group Presidents 17655: 17654: 17632: 17631: 17620: 17619: 17608: 17607: 17596: 17595: 17584: 17583: 17572: 17571: 17560: 17559: 17548: 17547: 17536: 17535: 17521: 17520: 17500: 17491: 17484: 17477: 17468: 17467: 17436: 17433: 17428: 17427: 17425:Official website 17412: 17400: 17381: 17360: 17358: 17356: 17350: 17344:. Archived from 17329: 17319: 17317: 17315: 17306:. Archived from 17298: 17289: 17260: 17239: 17212: 17187: 17164: 17143: 17124: 17107:Lebourg, Nicolas 17103:Camus, Jean-Yves 17088: 17087: 17085: 17083: 17072: 17066: 17065: 17063: 17061: 17042: 17036: 17035: 17033: 17031: 17012: 17006: 17005: 17003: 17001: 16982: 16976: 16975: 16973: 16971: 16952: 16946: 16945: 16943: 16941: 16922: 16916: 16915: 16913: 16911: 16896: 16883: 16877: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16851: 16831: 16825: 16819: 16804: 16798: 16797: 16795: 16793: 16774: 16768: 16767: 16765: 16763: 16744: 16738: 16737: 16735: 16733: 16714: 16708: 16707: 16705: 16703: 16684: 16678: 16677: 16675: 16673: 16654: 16648: 16647: 16645: 16643: 16623: 16617: 16616: 16605: 16599: 16598: 16596: 16594: 16575:France Politique 16566: 16555: 16554: 16552: 16550: 16531: 16525: 16524: 16513: 16507: 16506: 16495: 16489: 16488: 16477: 16471: 16470: 16469:. 20 April 2024. 16459: 16453: 16452: 16441: 16435: 16434: 16422: 16416: 16415: 16408: 16402: 16401: 16399: 16397: 16376: 16370: 16369: 16367: 16365: 16344: 16338: 16337: 16335: 16333: 16312: 16306: 16305: 16294: 16288: 16287: 16285: 16283: 16268: 16262: 16261: 16250: 16244: 16243: 16241: 16239: 16227: 16221: 16220: 16218: 16216: 16201: 16195: 16194: 16183: 16177: 16176: 16165: 16159: 16158: 16147: 16141: 16140: 16129: 16123: 16122: 16111: 16105: 16104: 16102: 16100: 16085: 16079: 16078: 16067: 16061: 16060: 16049: 16043: 16042: 16031: 16022: 16021: 16010: 16004: 15999: 15993: 15992: 15990: 15988: 15967: 15961: 15960: 15949: 15943: 15942: 15941:. 19 April 2014. 15931: 15925: 15924: 15913: 15907: 15906: 15899: 15893: 15892: 15885: 15879: 15878: 15871: 15865: 15864: 15862: 15860: 15839: 15833: 15832: 15830: 15828: 15819:. 9 March 2018. 15813: 15807: 15806: 15804: 15802: 15782: 15776: 15775: 15773: 15771: 15751: 15745: 15744: 15738: 15730: 15728: 15726: 15710: 15704: 15703: 15697: 15689: 15687: 15685: 15679: 15672: 15664: 15658: 15657: 15655: 15653: 15638: 15632: 15631: 15629: 15627: 15605: 15599: 15598: 15596: 15594: 15578: 15572: 15571: 15569: 15558: 15547: 15541: 15540: 15538: 15536: 15521: 15515: 15509: 15503: 15497: 15491: 15485: 15479: 15478: 15476: 15474: 15463: 15457: 15456: 15454: 15452: 15440: 15434: 15433: 15427: 15425: 15405: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15373: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15362: 15342: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15331: 15310: 15301: 15300: 15298: 15296: 15274: 15268: 15267: 15265: 15263: 15238: 15229: 15228: 15226: 15224: 15203: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15192: 15172: 15166: 15165: 15163: 15161: 15145: 15139: 15138: 15136: 15134: 15125:. 3 April 2015. 15115: 15109: 15103: 15097: 15096: 15094: 15092: 15071: 15065: 15064: 15062: 15060: 15039: 15033: 15032: 15030: 15028: 15007: 15001: 14995: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14984: 14969: 14963: 14962: 14960: 14958: 14943: 14937: 14936: 14925: 14919: 14915: 14914:on 7 March 2016. 14903: 14901: 14899: 14893: 14886: 14875: 14869: 14868: 14866: 14864: 14849: 14843: 14842: 14840: 14838: 14819: 14813: 14812: 14810: 14808: 14799:. Archived from 14793: 14787: 14786: 14784: 14782: 14767: 14761: 14760: 14758: 14756: 14737: 14731: 14727: 14715: 14703: 14689: 14683: 14682: 14664: 14647:(9): 1388–1405. 14636: 14630: 14629: 14618: 14612: 14611: 14600: 14594: 14593: 14582: 14576: 14575: 14573: 14571: 14549: 14543: 14542: 14526: 14520: 14519: 14517: 14515: 14493: 14487: 14486: 14484: 14482: 14462: 14456: 14455: 14453: 14451: 14436: 14430: 14429: 14427: 14425: 14410: 14404: 14393: 14387: 14386: 14368: 14357: 14356: 14345: 14339: 14338: 14327: 14321: 14320: 14309: 14303: 14302: 14291: 14285: 14284: 14273: 14267: 14266: 14259: 14253: 14252: 14245: 14239: 14238: 14224: 14218: 14217: 14206: 14200: 14199: 14193:Voice of America 14185: 14179: 14178: 14176: 14174: 14152: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14141: 14136:on 24 March 2011 14132:. Archived from 14121: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14110: 14095: 14089: 14088: 14086: 14084: 14062: 14053: 14047: 14036: 14030: 14024: 14018: 14012: 14011: 14009: 14007: 13992: 13986: 13985: 13978: 13972: 13971: 13969: 13967: 13952: 13946: 13945: 13944:. 14 April 2022. 13934: 13923: 13922: 13911: 13905: 13904: 13893: 13887: 13886: 13875: 13869: 13868: 13857: 13851: 13850: 13848: 13846: 13831: 13825: 13824: 13822: 13820: 13805: 13799: 13798: 13796: 13794: 13779: 13773: 13772: 13770: 13768: 13748: 13742: 13741: 13739: 13737: 13722: 13716: 13710: 13704: 13698: 13685: 13681: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13640: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13629: 13607: 13601: 13595: 13594: 13582: 13576: 13575: 13563: 13557: 13556: 13544: 13538: 13537: 13530: 13524: 13523: 13508: 13502: 13501: 13488: 13482: 13481: 13480:. 15 April 2022. 13470: 13459: 13458: 13456: 13454: 13439: 13433: 13432: 13430: 13428: 13406: 13397: 13385: 13381: 13375: 13374: 13372: 13370: 13355: 13349: 13348: 13346: 13344: 13322: 13316: 13310: 13301: 13295: 13286: 13280: 13274: 13273: 13271: 13269: 13250: 13244: 13232: 13226: 13214: 13201: 13200: 13198: 13196: 13176: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13165: 13150: 13139: 13133: 13132: 13112: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13101: 13085: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13074: 13054: 13048: 13047: 13045: 13043: 13023: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13012: 12997: 12991: 12985: 12979: 12973: 12967: 12961: 12952: 12946: 12940: 12939: 12937: 12935: 12921: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12910: 12895: 12889: 12883: 12877: 12850: 12848: 12846: 12837:. Archived from 12822: 12816: 12815: 12813: 12811: 12800: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12789: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12751: 12742: 12741: 12730: 12724: 12723: 12715: 12709: 12708: 12696: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12670: 12664: 12663: 12661: 12659: 12644: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12609: 12607: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12561: 12555: 12554: 12552: 12550: 12535: 12529: 12528: 12526: 12524: 12509: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12498: 12483: 12477: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12431: 12425: 12424: 12422: 12420: 12405: 12399: 12396:Business Insider 12391:Associated Press 12377: 12371: 12353: 12347: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12329: 12323: 12322: 12320: 12318: 12296: 12288: 12282: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12255: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12244: 12222: 12216: 12215: 12213: 12211: 12192: 12186: 12172: 12166: 12165: 12163: 12161: 12137: 12129: 12123: 12122: 12120: 12118: 12098: 12092: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12067: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12056: 12036: 12030: 12019: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12008: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11897: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11886: 11877:. Archived from 11871: 11865: 11864: 11862: 11860: 11845: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11822:. Archived from 11809: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11783: 11777: 11776: 11774: 11772: 11750: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11739: 11723: 11717: 11716: 11714: 11712: 11696: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11685: 11664: 11658: 11657: 11655: 11653: 11634: 11625: 11624: 11622: 11620: 11601: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11565: 11559: 11558: 11556: 11554: 11545:. Archived from 11532: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11507: 11501: 11500: 11498: 11496: 11474: 11468: 11462: 11453: 11447: 11441: 11435: 11429: 11423: 11417: 11411: 11405: 11399: 11393: 11387: 11378: 11372: 11366: 11360: 11351: 11345: 11339: 11333: 11322: 11316: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11280: 11265: 11259: 11253: 11247: 11241: 11240: 11238: 11236: 11206: 11200: 11194: 11183: 11177: 11171: 11165: 11159: 11153: 11147: 11141: 11130: 11124: 11118: 11117: 11115: 11113: 11098: 11092: 11086: 11080: 11074: 11068: 11062: 11056: 11050: 11044: 11038: 11027: 11021: 11015: 11009: 11003: 10997: 10988: 10982: 10976: 10975:, pp. 94 f. 10970: 10964: 10958: 10952: 10946: 10940: 10934: 10928: 10922: 10916: 10910: 10904: 10898: 10892: 10886: 10880: 10874: 10865: 10859: 10853: 10847: 10841: 10835: 10826: 10820: 10814: 10808: 10802: 10796: 10790: 10784: 10767: 10761: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10750: 10740: 10731: 10725: 10719: 10710: 10704: 10695: 10689: 10683: 10677: 10671: 10665: 10648: 10642: 10627: 10621: 10615: 10609: 10603: 10597: 10591: 10585: 10579: 10573: 10567: 10561: 10555: 10549: 10543: 10537: 10520: 10514: 10505: 10499: 10484: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10445: 10439: 10438: 10418: 10412: 10411:, p. 182 f. 10406: 10400: 10394: 10388: 10382: 10371: 10370:, p. 181 f. 10365: 10359: 10353: 10347: 10341: 10335: 10329: 10323: 10317: 10311: 10305: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10286:, p. 178 f. 10281: 10275: 10269: 10260: 10254: 10243: 10237: 10231: 10225: 10214: 10213:, p. 176 f. 10208: 10202: 10196: 10187: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10163: 10157: 10148: 10142: 10136: 10130: 10124: 10123:, pp. 38 f. 10118: 10112: 10111: 10109: 10107: 10088:France Politique 10079: 10073: 10067: 10061: 10055: 10049: 10043: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10019: 10010: 10009:, pp. 36 f. 10004: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9965: 9959: 9953: 9947: 9941: 9935: 9929: 9923: 9917: 9911: 9905: 9899: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9880: 9874: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9820: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9786: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9756: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9723: 9714: 9709: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9649: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9618: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9592: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9533: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9483:. 6 April 2016. 9468: 9466: 9464: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9398:"National Rally" 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9369: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9334: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9300: 9284: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9258: 9252: 9246: 9240: 9239: 9227:(157): 115–126. 9216: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9167: 9161: 9160: 9124: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9079: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9052: 9046: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9014: 9012: 9010: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8872: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8807: 8794: 8770: 8751: 8728: 8695: 8678:(8): 1355–1361. 8666: 8645: 8626: 8607: 8598: 8569: 8539: 8530: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8475: 8469: 8465: 8453: 8441: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8309: 8292: 8289: 8283: 8276: 8270: 8267: 8261: 8258: 8252: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8223: 8217: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8194:(2015–2019) and 8172: 8132: 8112: 8092: 8072: 8041: 8040: 8030: 8023: 8005: 8004: 7997: 7972: 7971: 7964: 7934: 7933: 7926: 7901: 7900: 7893: 7866: 7865: 7858: 7833: 7832: 7825: 7798: 7797: 7790: 7765: 7764: 7757: 7729: 7684: 7671: 7658: 7657: 7650: 7643: 7613: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7568: 7567: 7560: 7553: 7523: 7522: 7515: 7508: 7483: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7435: 7434: 7427: 7420: 7387: 7386: 7379: 7372: 7324:2nd round votes 7318:1st round votes 7309: 7303: 7289: 7288: 7275: 7274: 7251: 7250: 7237: 7236: 7210: 7209: 7178: 7177: 7154: 7153: 7140: 7139: 7113: 7112: 7086: 7085: 7042: 7041: 6982: 6981: 6969: 6968: 6960: 6928: 6927: 6919: 6892: 6891: 6883: 6856: 6855: 6847: 6817: 6816: 6809: 6782: 6781: 6773: 6746: 6745: 6737: 6710: 6709: 6701: 6674: 6673: 6665: 6638: 6637: 6629: 6604: 6603: 6596: 6571: 6570: 6563: 6538: 6537: 6530: 6491:2nd round votes 6485:1st round votes 6476: 6470: 6446:Election results 6262: 6252: 6211:5 November 2022 6208:15 January 2011 6201: 6152:15 January 2011 6142: 6130: 6125: 6114: 6113: 6100:Philippe Olivier 5947:Santiago Abascal 5843:under President 5839:, who served as 5833:Dana Rohrabacher 5778:Sweden Democrats 5599:and the Belgian 5452:Second World War 5408:two-round system 5373:rather than the 5210:Operation Serval 5198:dual citizenship 5147:world government 4787: 4780: 4773: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4745: 4744: 4743: 4723: 4655:Radio Courtoisie 4636: 4552: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4490: 4476: 4462: 4448: 4440: 4437:Action Française 4409:Resistance Party 4394:Rally for France 4317:The Nationalists 4307:Debout la France 4154:de Chateaubriand 4122: 4112: 4102: 4092: 4082: 4072: 4062: 4052: 4044: 4034: 4024: 4014: 4009:The Ancient City 4004: 3994: 3984: 3974: 3964: 3954: 3944: 3765:de Chateaubriand 3626: 3599: 3584:Social hierarchy 3562: 3526: 3507: 3458: 3434: 3396: 3368: 3358: 3343: 3342: 3180:Les Republicains 2882:Holocaust denial 2732: 2724:Catherine Mégret 2400:(1977) and his " 2270: 2261: 2222: 2219:Action Française 2211: 2203: 2195: 2179: 2173: 2111:. Again in the 2059:Holocaust denial 2013:for breaches of 1944: 1931:), known as the 1926: 1921: 1900: 1893: 1886: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1836: 1768:Radio Courtoisie 1749: 1665: 1646: 1637: 1628: 1619: 1603: 1589: 1575: 1561: 1553: 1550:Action Française 1522:Resistance Party 1507:Rally for France 1430:The Nationalists 1420:Debout la France 1267:de Chateaubriand 1235: 1225: 1215: 1205: 1195: 1185: 1175: 1165: 1157: 1147: 1137: 1127: 1122:The Ancient City 1117: 1107: 1097: 1087: 1077: 1067: 1057: 878:de Chateaubriand 739: 712: 697:Social hierarchy 675: 639: 620: 571: 547: 509: 481: 471: 456: 455: 440: 412: 407: 404: 390: 376: 362: 348: 334: 320: 306: 292: 207: 157:Preceded by 152: 150: 145: 65: 46: 45: 21: 19715: 19714: 19710: 19709: 19708: 19706: 19705: 19704: 19675:Euronat members 19615: 19614: 19613: 19608: 19562: 19521: 19485: 19466:Nouvelle Droite 19439: 19330:Le Pen (Marine) 19178: 19169:Terre et Peuple 19149:Party of France 19109:Europe-Jeunesse 19084:Cité catholique 19047: 19023:Radical Network 18935: 18929: 18783:Pre-1945 people 18778: 18690:Camelots du Roi 18665:Pre-1945 groups 18660: 18619: 18614: 18584: 18579: 18551: 18532: 18503: 18498: 18468: 18459: 18452: 18445: 18434: 18427: 18409: 18401: 18393: 18388:Gilbert Collard 18386: 18379: 18369: 18365: 18358: 18349: 18343: 18333: 18329: 18322: 18311: 18303: 18297:Stéphane Ravier 18295: 18284: 18278:Gilbert Collard 18276: 18268: 18257: 18249: 18241: 18233: 18225: 18219:Bruno Gollnisch 18217: 18209: 18201: 18190: 18178: 18166: 18154: 18142: 18130: 18118: 18106: 18094: 18083: 18075: 18067: 18059: 18051: 18043: 18037:Vice-Presidents 18032: 18024: 18016: 18007: 18001: 17997: 17994: 17964: 17959: 17941: 17918: 17914:The Republicans 17890: 17867: 17863:Socialist Party 17834: 17811: 17805: 17775: 17770: 17757: 17737: 17731: 17707: 17687: 17681: 17677:Gerolf Annemans 17670:Party President 17661: 17649: 17638: 17626: 17614: 17602: 17590: 17578: 17566: 17554: 17542: 17530: 17512: 17502: 17498: 17495: 17447:Wayback Machine 17434: 17423: 17422: 17419: 17397: 17354: 17352: 17348: 17342: 17327: 17313: 17311: 17310:on 26 June 2015 17257: 17236: 17220: 17218:Further reading 17215: 17209: 17184: 17161: 17140: 17121: 17097: 17092: 17091: 17081: 17079: 17074: 17073: 17069: 17059: 17057: 17044: 17043: 17039: 17029: 17027: 17014: 17013: 17009: 16999: 16997: 16984: 16983: 16979: 16969: 16967: 16954: 16953: 16949: 16939: 16937: 16924: 16923: 16919: 16909: 16907: 16898: 16897: 16886: 16878: 16859: 16849: 16847: 16832: 16828: 16817: 16815:Wayback Machine 16805: 16801: 16791: 16789: 16776: 16775: 16771: 16761: 16759: 16746: 16745: 16741: 16731: 16729: 16716: 16715: 16711: 16701: 16699: 16686: 16685: 16681: 16671: 16669: 16656: 16655: 16651: 16641: 16639: 16624: 16620: 16607: 16606: 16602: 16592: 16590: 16567: 16558: 16548: 16546: 16533: 16532: 16528: 16515: 16514: 16510: 16505:. 10 July 2024. 16497: 16496: 16492: 16479: 16478: 16474: 16461: 16460: 16456: 16443: 16442: 16438: 16423: 16419: 16410: 16409: 16405: 16395: 16393: 16378: 16377: 16373: 16363: 16361: 16346: 16345: 16341: 16331: 16329: 16314: 16313: 16309: 16296: 16295: 16291: 16281: 16279: 16270: 16269: 16265: 16260:. 1 March 2024. 16252: 16251: 16247: 16237: 16235: 16228: 16224: 16214: 16212: 16203: 16202: 16198: 16185: 16184: 16180: 16167: 16166: 16162: 16149: 16148: 16144: 16139:. 1 April 2024. 16131: 16130: 16126: 16113: 16112: 16108: 16098: 16096: 16087: 16086: 16082: 16069: 16068: 16064: 16051: 16050: 16046: 16033: 16032: 16025: 16012: 16011: 16007: 16000: 15996: 15986: 15984: 15969: 15968: 15964: 15951: 15950: 15946: 15933: 15932: 15928: 15915: 15914: 15910: 15901: 15900: 15896: 15891:. 28 July 2004. 15887: 15886: 15882: 15873: 15872: 15868: 15858: 15856: 15851:. 12 May 2019. 15841: 15840: 15836: 15826: 15824: 15815: 15814: 15810: 15800: 15798: 15783: 15779: 15769: 15767: 15752: 15748: 15732: 15731: 15724: 15722: 15711: 15707: 15691: 15690: 15683: 15681: 15677: 15670: 15668:"Archived copy" 15666: 15665: 15661: 15651: 15649: 15640: 15639: 15635: 15625: 15623: 15606: 15602: 15592: 15590: 15579: 15575: 15567: 15556: 15548: 15544: 15534: 15532: 15529:Politico Europe 15523: 15522: 15518: 15510: 15506: 15498: 15494: 15486: 15482: 15472: 15470: 15465: 15464: 15460: 15450: 15448: 15441: 15437: 15423: 15421: 15406: 15402: 15392: 15390: 15375: 15374: 15370: 15360: 15358: 15343: 15339: 15329: 15327: 15312: 15311: 15304: 15294: 15292: 15275: 15271: 15261: 15259: 15239: 15232: 15222: 15220: 15205: 15204: 15200: 15190: 15188: 15173: 15169: 15159: 15157: 15146: 15142: 15132: 15130: 15117: 15116: 15112: 15104: 15100: 15090: 15088: 15073: 15072: 15068: 15058: 15056: 15041: 15040: 15036: 15026: 15024: 15009: 15008: 15004: 14996: 14992: 14982: 14980: 14971: 14970: 14966: 14956: 14954: 14945: 14944: 14940: 14935:. 19 June 2024. 14927: 14926: 14922: 14918: 14906: 14897: 14895: 14891: 14884: 14880: 14876: 14872: 14862: 14860: 14851: 14850: 14846: 14836: 14834: 14821: 14820: 14816: 14806: 14804: 14795: 14794: 14790: 14780: 14778: 14769: 14768: 14764: 14754: 14752: 14739: 14738: 14734: 14730: 14718: 14712:Financial Times 14706: 14702:. 24 June 2016. 14694: 14690: 14686: 14637: 14633: 14628:. 17 July 2024. 14620: 14619: 14615: 14610:. 19 June 2024. 14602: 14601: 14597: 14584: 14583: 14579: 14569: 14567: 14559:The Daily Beast 14550: 14546: 14527: 14523: 14513: 14511: 14494: 14490: 14480: 14478: 14463: 14459: 14449: 14447: 14446:on 8 March 2014 14438: 14437: 14433: 14423: 14421: 14412: 14411: 14407: 14402:Wayback Machine 14394: 14390: 14378:The Independent 14369: 14360: 14355:. 24 June 2024. 14353:Middle East Eye 14347: 14346: 14342: 14329: 14328: 14324: 14311: 14310: 14306: 14293: 14292: 14288: 14283:. 31 July 2024. 14275: 14274: 14270: 14261: 14260: 14256: 14247: 14246: 14242: 14226: 14225: 14221: 14208: 14207: 14203: 14187: 14186: 14182: 14172: 14170: 14153: 14149: 14139: 14137: 14122: 14118: 14108: 14106: 14097: 14096: 14092: 14082: 14080: 14063: 14056: 14048: 14039: 14031: 14027: 14019: 14015: 14005: 14003: 13998:. 28 May 2002. 13994: 13993: 13989: 13984:. 26 June 2024. 13980: 13979: 13975: 13965: 13963: 13954: 13953: 13949: 13936: 13935: 13926: 13921:. 12 June 2024. 13913: 13912: 13908: 13903:. 18 June 2024. 13901:Financial Times 13895: 13894: 13890: 13885:. 24 June 2024. 13883:Financial Times 13877: 13876: 13872: 13867:. 27 June 2024. 13859: 13858: 13854: 13844: 13842: 13832: 13828: 13818: 13816: 13806: 13802: 13792: 13790: 13781: 13780: 13776: 13766: 13764: 13749: 13745: 13735: 13733: 13724: 13723: 13719: 13711: 13707: 13699: 13688: 13684: 13672: 13663: 13661: 13653:The Independent 13641: 13637: 13627: 13625: 13608: 13604: 13598: 13583: 13579: 13564: 13560: 13553:The Independent 13545: 13541: 13532: 13531: 13527: 13510: 13509: 13505: 13500:. 5 March 2017. 13490: 13489: 13485: 13472: 13471: 13462: 13452: 13450: 13440: 13436: 13426: 13424: 13407: 13400: 13394:Wayback Machine 13383: 13382: 13378: 13368: 13366: 13357: 13356: 13352: 13342: 13340: 13323: 13319: 13311: 13304: 13296: 13289: 13281: 13277: 13267: 13265: 13252: 13251: 13247: 13233: 13229: 13215: 13204: 13194: 13192: 13185:Politico Europe 13177: 13173: 13163: 13161: 13151: 13142: 13136: 13129: 13113: 13109: 13099: 13097: 13086: 13082: 13072: 13070: 13055: 13051: 13041: 13039: 13024: 13020: 13010: 13008: 12999: 12998: 12994: 12986: 12982: 12974: 12970: 12962: 12955: 12947: 12943: 12933: 12931: 12923: 12922: 12918: 12908: 12906: 12897: 12896: 12892: 12884: 12880: 12872:Wayback Machine 12844: 12842: 12841:on 26 June 2015 12823: 12819: 12809: 12807: 12802: 12801: 12797: 12787: 12785: 12772: 12771: 12767: 12752: 12745: 12732: 12731: 12727: 12717: 12716: 12712: 12697: 12693: 12683: 12681: 12672: 12671: 12667: 12657: 12655: 12646: 12645: 12641: 12631: 12629: 12620: 12619: 12615: 12605: 12603: 12602:. 24 April 2022 12594: 12593: 12589: 12579: 12577: 12562: 12558: 12548: 12546: 12537: 12536: 12532: 12522: 12520: 12515:. 11 May 2021. 12511: 12510: 12506: 12496: 12494: 12489:. 16 May 2021. 12485: 12484: 12480: 12470: 12468: 12459: 12458: 12454: 12444: 12442: 12433: 12432: 12428: 12418: 12416: 12407: 12406: 12402: 12388:Wayback Machine 12378: 12374: 12364:Wayback Machine 12354: 12350: 12341: 12339: 12330: 12326: 12316: 12314: 12289: 12285: 12275: 12273: 12265:theguardian.com 12256: 12252: 12242: 12240: 12223: 12219: 12209: 12207: 12194: 12193: 12189: 12183:Wayback Machine 12173: 12169: 12159: 12157: 12130: 12126: 12116: 12114: 12099: 12095: 12085: 12083: 12068: 12064: 12054: 12052: 12037: 12033: 12028:Wayback Machine 12020: 12016: 12006: 12004: 11991: 11990: 11986: 11976: 11974: 11959: 11955: 11945: 11943: 11928: 11924: 11914: 11912: 11899: 11898: 11894: 11884: 11882: 11873: 11872: 11868: 11858: 11856: 11847: 11846: 11839: 11829: 11827: 11826:on 21 June 2012 11810: 11806: 11796: 11794: 11785: 11784: 11780: 11770: 11768: 11751: 11747: 11737: 11735: 11724: 11720: 11710: 11708: 11697: 11693: 11683: 11681: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11651: 11649: 11636: 11635: 11628: 11618: 11616: 11603: 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9627:The Independent 9619: 9615: 9605: 9603: 9594: 9593: 9589: 9577: 9575: 9562: 9553: 9551: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9518: 9516: 9503: 9499: 9490: 9488: 9475: 9471: 9462: 9460: 9455:. News.com.au. 9446: 9437: 9435: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9371: 9370: 9363: 9353: 9351: 9343:The Independent 9336: 9335: 9328: 9320: 9316: 9308: 9304: 9285: 9281: 9271: 9269: 9260: 9259: 9255: 9247: 9243: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9197: 9195: 9188: 9168: 9164: 9149:10.1002/wcc.604 9125: 9121: 9111: 9109: 9102: 9094:. p. 225. 9080: 9076: 9066: 9064: 9053: 9049: 9035: 9033: 9008: 9006: 8987: 8985: 8962: 8960: 8937: 8935: 8928:The Independent 8912: 8910: 8891: 8889: 8849: 8847: 8828: 8826: 8817: 8791: 8767: 8748: 8642: 8623: 8595: 8566: 8540: 8533: 8529: 8520: 8518: 8495: 8493: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8456: 8444: 8438: 8413: 8409: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8385: 8383: 8368: 8364: 8354: 8352: 8337: 8333: 8323: 8321: 8310: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8286: 8277: 8273: 8268: 8264: 8259: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8236: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8202: 8173: 8169: 8164: 8146:Neo-nationalism 8142: 8133: 8130: 8113: 8110: 8093: 8090: 8073: 8070: 8039: 8034: 8033: 8024: 8020: 7998: 7995: 7965: 7962: 7951:Jordan Bardella 7927: 7924: 7894: 7891: 7859: 7856: 7826: 7823: 7791: 7788: 7758: 7755: 7730: 7727: 7676: 7670: 7651: 7648: 7644: 7641: 7617:The Republicans 7606: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7561: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7527:Socialist Party 7516: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7428: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7380: 7377: 7373: 7370: 7302: 6980: 6971: 6961: 6958: 6941:Jordan Bardella 6930: 6920: 6917: 6894: 6884: 6881: 6858: 6848: 6845: 6810: 6807: 6784: 6774: 6771: 6748: 6738: 6735: 6712: 6702: 6699: 6676: 6666: 6663: 6640: 6630: 6627: 6597: 6594: 6564: 6561: 6531: 6528: 6469: 6448: 6428: 6392:Bruno Gollnisch 6358: 6325:Jordan Bardella 6282: 6280:Vice Presidents 6260: 6259:5 November 2022 6255:Jordan Bardella 6253: 6202: 6149:5 October 1972 6143: 6128: 6123: 6112: 6088:Gilles Pennelle 6064:Jordan Bardella 6060: 6005:Law and Justice 5986:Law and Justice 5984:, and Poland's 5916:Marion Maréchal 5907:Emmanuel Macron 5799:members of the 5751:Yasukuni Shrine 5709:Voice of Reason 5633:Northern League 5577: 5559:and her father 5553: 5533: 5511:The Independent 5501: 5470:daily newspaper 5433: 5428: 5412:François Bayrou 5400: 5388:Jordan Bardella 5383: 5363: 5344:Thierry Mariani 5281: 5261:Abraham Accords 5194:customs borders 5151:New World Order 5123: 5098: 5082: 5061:value-added tax 5002:anti-capitalist 4998: 4967: 4928: 4885: 4863:), ethnic (the 4840:Nouvelle Droite 4823:Nicolas Lebourg 4819:Jean-Yves Camus 4791: 4753: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4732: 4731: 4676: 4668: 4667: 4634: 4564: 4556: 4555: 4512:Cercle Proudhon 4503:Camelots du Roi 4480:Student Cockade 4446: 4427: 4419: 4418: 4342:The Republicans 4302:Alliance Royale 4294: 4286: 4285: 4184:Le Pen (Marine) 4134: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4110: 4100: 4090: 4080: 4070: 4060: 4050: 4042: 4032: 4022: 4012: 4002: 3992: 3982: 3972: 3962: 3952: 3942: 3933: 3925: 3924: 3700: 3692: 3691: 3677:Ultra-royalists 3616: 3608: 3607: 3523:Noblesse oblige 3482: 3474: 3473: 3393:Nouvelle Droite 3376: 3356: 3341: 3298: 3292: 3257: 3249:Jordan Bardella 3246: 3240: 3187:Gérald Darmanin 3172:Thierry Mariani 3100:Gilbert Collard 3086:Emmanuel Macron 3078: 3072: 3024:Mantes-la-Ville 2988: 2980:Nicolas Sarkozy 2969:Marion Maréchal 2965:Gilbert Collard 2908: 2902: 2897: 2831: 2794: 2782:Nouvelle Droite 2771:Bruno Gollnisch 2744: 2726: 2618:Communist Party 2601: 2485: 2480: 2456:Socialist Party 2418:Nouvelle Droite 2416:(1985) and the 2406:Bruno Gollnisch 2390:François Duprat 2382: 2336:Georges Bidault 2320:Pierre Bousquet 2316:Roger Holeindre 2288: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2262: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2204:(GUD), and the 2138: 2109:Emmanuel Macron 2067:de-demonisation 2040:Jordan Bardella 2033:. His daughter 1949:), is a French 1919: 1904: 1866: 1864: 1854: 1852: 1845: 1844: 1789: 1781: 1780: 1747: 1677: 1669: 1668: 1625:Cercle Proudhon 1616:Camelots du Roi 1593:Student Cockade 1559: 1540: 1532: 1531: 1455:The Republicans 1415:Alliance Royale 1407: 1399: 1398: 1297:Le Pen (Marine) 1247: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1223: 1213: 1203: 1193: 1183: 1173: 1163: 1155: 1145: 1135: 1125: 1115: 1105: 1095: 1085: 1075: 1065: 1055: 1046: 1038: 1037: 813: 805: 804: 790:Ultra-royalists 729: 721: 720: 636:Noblesse oblige 595: 587: 586: 506:Nouvelle Droite 489: 469: 450: 436: 435: 401: 391: 388: 377: 374: 363: 360: 349: 346: 335: 332: 321: 318: 307: 304: 290: 281: 233: 205: 171: 148: 146: 143: 133:Pierre Bousquet 109: 88:Vice Presidents 82:Jordan Bardella 56: 55: 52: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19713: 19703: 19702: 19697: 19692: 19687: 19682: 19677: 19672: 19667: 19662: 19657: 19652: 19647: 19642: 19637: 19632: 19627: 19610: 19609: 19607: 19606: 19596: 19591: 19586: 19576: 19574:Dreyfus affair 19570: 19568: 19567:Notable events 19564: 19563: 19561: 19560: 19555: 19548: 19543: 19536: 19533:Nouvelle École 19529: 19519:National-Hebdo 19515: 19508: 19501: 19493: 19491: 19487: 19486: 19484: 19483: 19482: 19481: 19469: 19462: 19455: 19447: 19445: 19441: 19440: 19438: 19437: 19432: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19402: 19397: 19392: 19387: 19382: 19377: 19372: 19367: 19362: 19357: 19352: 19347: 19342: 19337: 19332: 19327: 19322: 19317: 19312: 19307: 19302: 19297: 19292: 19287: 19282: 19277: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19227: 19222: 19217: 19212: 19207: 19202: 19197: 19192: 19186: 19184: 19180: 19179: 19177: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19141: 19136: 19131: 19126: 19121: 19119:French Renewal 19116: 19111: 19106: 19101: 19096: 19091: 19086: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19066: 19061: 19055: 19053: 19049: 19048: 19046: 19045: 19043:Unité Radicale 19040: 19038:Troisième Voie 19035: 19030: 19025: 19020: 19015: 19010: 19005: 19000: 18995: 18990: 18985: 18980: 18975: 18970: 18965: 18960: 18955: 18950: 18945: 18939: 18937: 18931: 18930: 18928: 18927: 18922: 18917: 18912: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18832: 18827: 18822: 18817: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18800:Benoist-Méchin 18797: 18792: 18786: 18784: 18780: 18779: 18777: 18776: 18769: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18745: 18738: 18731: 18724: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18700: 18693: 18686: 18681: 18676: 18668: 18666: 18662: 18661: 18659: 18658: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18638: 18633: 18627: 18625: 18621: 18620: 18613: 18612: 18605: 18598: 18590: 18581: 18580: 18578: 18577: 18571: 18565: 18559: 18557: 18553: 18552: 18550: 18549: 18540: 18538: 18534: 18533: 18531: 18530: 18527:Comités Jeanne 18524: 18518: 18515:National Front 18511: 18509: 18505: 18504: 18497: 18496: 18489: 18482: 18474: 18465: 18464: 18461: 18460: 18458: 18457: 18450: 18442: 18440: 18436: 18435: 18433: 18432: 18424: 18422: 18415: 18411: 18410: 18408: 18407: 18403:Jacques Peyrat 18399: 18391: 18384: 18377: 18363: 18360:National Front 18355: 18353: 18345: 18344: 18342: 18341: 18327: 18324:Tours Congress 18319: 18317: 18313: 18312: 18310: 18309: 18305:David Rachline 18301: 18292: 18290: 18286: 18285: 18283: 18282: 18274: 18265: 18263: 18259: 18258: 18256: 18255: 18247: 18239: 18231: 18223: 18215: 18207: 18198: 18196: 18192: 18191: 18189: 18188: 18176: 18164: 18152: 18140: 18128: 18116: 18104: 18091: 18089: 18085: 18084: 18082: 18081: 18073: 18065: 18057: 18049: 18040: 18038: 18034: 18033: 18031: 18030: 18022: 18013: 18011: 18003: 18002: 17998:National Rally 17993: 17992: 17985: 17978: 17970: 17961: 17960: 17946: 17943: 17942: 17940: 17939: 17934: 17932:National Rally 17928: 17926: 17920: 17919: 17917: 17916: 17911: 17906: 17900: 17898: 17892: 17891: 17889: 17888: 17883: 17877: 17875: 17869: 17868: 17866: 17865: 17860: 17858:The Ecologists 17855: 17850: 17844: 17842: 17836: 17835: 17833: 17832: 17827: 17825:Lutte Ouvrière 17821: 17819: 17813: 17812: 17804: 17803: 17796: 17789: 17781: 17772: 17771: 17764:Eurofoundation 17762: 17759: 17758: 17756: 17755: 17747: 17741: 17739: 17733: 17732: 17730: 17729: 17721: 17715: 17713: 17709: 17708: 17706: 17705: 17697: 17691: 17689: 17683: 17682: 17680: 17679: 17673: 17671: 17667: 17666: 17663: 17662: 17660: 17659: 17646: 17644: 17640: 17639: 17637: 17636: 17624: 17612: 17600: 17588: 17576: 17564: 17552: 17540: 17527: 17525: 17524:Member parties 17518: 17514: 17513: 17507: 17504: 17503: 17494: 17493: 17486: 17479: 17471: 17465: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17449: 17437: 17418: 17417:External links 17415: 17414: 17413: 17405:Winock, Michel 17401: 17396:978-0813389790 17395: 17382: 17372:(1): 179–196. 17361: 17340: 17320: 17299: 17290: 17261: 17255: 17240: 17234: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17213: 17207: 17188: 17182: 17165: 17159: 17144: 17138: 17125: 17119: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17090: 17089: 17067: 17037: 17007: 16977: 16947: 16917: 16884: 16882:, p. 319. 16857: 16826: 16799: 16769: 16739: 16709: 16679: 16649: 16618: 16600: 16556: 16526: 16521:The Media Line 16508: 16490: 16487:. 21 May 2024. 16472: 16454: 16436: 16417: 16403: 16371: 16339: 16307: 16304:. 20 May 2024. 16289: 16263: 16245: 16222: 16196: 16193:. 1 July 2024. 16178: 16160: 16142: 16124: 16106: 16091:. 8 May 2017. 16080: 16077:. 1 July 2024. 16062: 16059:. 1 July 2024. 16044: 16023: 16020:. 29 May 2019. 16005: 15994: 15962: 15944: 15926: 15923:. 13 May 2014. 15908: 15894: 15880: 15866: 15834: 15808: 15777: 15760:Foreign Policy 15746: 15705: 15659: 15633: 15600: 15573: 15542: 15516: 15514:, p. 194. 15504: 15502:, p. 193. 15492: 15490:, p. 198. 15480: 15458: 15435: 15400: 15368: 15337: 15302: 15284:Deutsche Welle 15269: 15230: 15198: 15167: 15140: 15110: 15108:, p. 317. 15098: 15066: 15034: 15002: 15000:, p. 308. 14990: 14964: 14938: 14920: 14917: 14916: 14904: 14877: 14870: 14844: 14814: 14803:on 19 May 2021 14788: 14762: 14732: 14729: 14728: 14726:. 24 May 2019. 14716: 14714:. 27 May 2019. 14704: 14691: 14684: 14631: 14613: 14595: 14592:. 6 June 2024. 14577: 14544: 14521: 14488: 14457: 14431: 14405: 14388: 14358: 14340: 14322: 14304: 14286: 14268: 14254: 14240: 14219: 14201: 14180: 14147: 14116: 14090: 14054: 14052:, p. 299. 14037: 14025: 14023:, p. 202. 14013: 13987: 13973: 13962:. 20 June 2024 13947: 13924: 13906: 13888: 13870: 13852: 13826: 13800: 13774: 13743: 13717: 13715:, p. 274. 13705: 13703:, p. 272. 13686: 13683: 13682: 13680:. 28 May 2014. 13670: 13642: 13635: 13602: 13596: 13577: 13558: 13539: 13525: 13503: 13483: 13460: 13434: 13398: 13376: 13350: 13317: 13315:, p. 315. 13302: 13287: 13275: 13258:Front National 13245: 13227: 13202: 13171: 13140: 13134: 13128:978-0691194752 13127: 13107: 13080: 13049: 13018: 12992: 12990:, p. 313. 12980: 12978:, p. 312. 12968: 12966:, p. 115. 12953: 12951:, p. 309. 12941: 12916: 12890: 12878: 12876: 12875: 12859:Winock, Michel 12856: 12851: 12830: 12817: 12795: 12765: 12743: 12740:. 9 July 2024. 12725: 12710: 12691: 12665: 12654:. 19 June 2022 12639: 12613: 12587: 12556: 12530: 12504: 12478: 12452: 12426: 12400: 12372: 12348: 12324: 12283: 12250: 12217: 12187: 12167: 12124: 12093: 12062: 12031: 12014: 11984: 11953: 11922: 11905:The New Yorker 11892: 11881:on 8 July 2014 11866: 11837: 11804: 11778: 11745: 11718: 11691: 11659: 11626: 11593: 11560: 11527: 11502: 11469: 11467:, p. 300. 11454: 11452:, p. 298. 11442: 11440:, p. 297. 11430: 11418: 11406: 11404:, p. 291. 11394: 11392:, p. 289. 11379: 11367: 11365:, p. 284. 11352: 11350:, p. 283. 11340: 11338:, p. 282. 11323: 11321:, p. 281. 11308: 11266: 11254: 11252:, p. 280. 11242: 11223: 11201: 11199:, p. 279. 11184: 11172: 11160: 11158:, p. 276. 11148: 11146:, p. 275. 11131: 11119: 11093: 11091:, p. 103. 11081: 11079:, p. 104. 11069: 11067:, p. 264. 11057: 11055:, p. 101. 11045: 11043:, p. 263. 11028: 11016: 11004: 11002:, p. 261. 10989: 10987:, p. 252. 10977: 10965: 10953: 10941: 10929: 10927:, p. 237. 10917: 10905: 10903:, p. 234. 10893: 10891:, p. 233. 10881: 10866: 10864:, pp. 89. 10854: 10842: 10840:, p. 227. 10827: 10815: 10813:, p. 224. 10803: 10791: 10789:, p. 219. 10768: 10766:, p. 217. 10756: 10726: 10711: 10709:, p. 216. 10696: 10684: 10682:, pp. 66. 10672: 10670:, p. 209. 10649: 10647:, p. 197. 10628: 10626:, p. 230. 10616: 10614:, p. 194. 10604: 10592: 10580: 10568: 10566:, p. 100. 10556: 10544: 10542:, p. 196. 10521: 10506: 10504:, p. 195. 10485: 10473: 10440: 10433: 10413: 10401: 10389: 10387:, p. 182. 10372: 10360: 10348: 10336: 10334:, p. 106. 10324: 10312: 10310:, p. 121. 10300: 10288: 10276: 10261: 10259:, p. 177. 10244: 10232: 10230:, p. 183. 10215: 10203: 10201:, p. 175. 10188: 10176: 10164: 10149: 10147:, p. 171. 10137: 10135:, p. 170. 10125: 10113: 10074: 10062: 10050: 10038: 10026: 10024:, p. 169. 10011: 9999: 9987: 9980: 9960: 9948: 9936: 9924: 9912: 9900: 9875: 9845: 9812: 9781: 9748: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9710: 9670: 9644: 9613: 9587: 9585: 9584: 9560: 9546:. 4 May 2015. 9528: 9526: 9525: 9500:Islamophobia: 9498: 9497: 9470: 9469: 9445: 9444: 9416: 9389: 9361: 9326: 9314: 9312:, p. 229. 9302: 9279: 9253: 9241: 9211: 9205: 9186: 9162: 9119: 9100: 9074: 9047: 9045: 9044: 9043: 9042: 9015: 8994: 8969: 8944: 8919: 8898: 8873: 8856: 8835: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8800:Análise Social 8795: 8790:978-0813389790 8789: 8776: 8771: 8765: 8752: 8747:978-1509536856 8746: 8729: 8711:(4): 392–413. 8696: 8667: 8657:(1): 160–178. 8646: 8640: 8627: 8621: 8608: 8599: 8594:978-0691194752 8593: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8564: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8502: 8477: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8454: 8442: 8436: 8414: 8407: 8404:. 1 July 2024. 8393: 8362: 8331: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8294: 8293: 8284: 8271: 8262: 8253: 8244: 8234: 8200: 8180:European Right 8176:European Right 8166: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8051: 8048: 8045: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8007: 7999: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7974: 7966: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7936: 7928: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7910: 7904: 7903: 7895: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7868: 7860: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7835: 7827: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7800: 7792: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7767: 7759: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7731: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7669: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7659: 7652: 7647: 7645: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7607: 7602: 7600: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7587: 7584: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7562: 7557: 7555: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7542: 7539: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7517: 7512: 7510: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7477: 7472: 7470: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7422: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7393: 7388: 7381: 7376: 7374: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7339:Winning party 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7316: 7313: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7291: 7283: 7280: 7277: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7204: 7201: 7198: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7160: 7159: 7156: 7148: 7145: 7142: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7091: 7088: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7003: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6986: 6985:Election year 6979: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6964: 6962: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6949: 6946: 6943: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6923: 6921: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6887: 6885: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6851: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6811: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6795: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6777: 6775: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6741: 6739: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6705: 6703: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6690: 6687: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6669: 6667: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6633: 6631: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6565: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6549: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6532: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6479:Election year 6468: 6465: 6447: 6444: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6351:(2022-present) 6349:Hélène Laporte 6346: 6343: 6341:David Rachline 6338: 6329: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6266: 6257: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6238:National Rally 6213: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6118: 6111: 6108: 6096:Hélène Laporte 6084:Julien Sanchez 6076:David Rachline 6059: 6056: 6043:Amichai Chikli 5976:government to 5899:Giorgia Meloni 5856:Matteo Salvini 5685:Volya Movement 5605:European Right 5585:European Right 5576: 5573: 5552: 5549: 5532: 5529: 5500: 5497: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5399: 5396: 5382: 5379: 5362: 5361:European Union 5359: 5333:Emmanuel Leroy 5295:, through the 5285:Vladimir Putin 5280: 5277: 5238:Western Sahara 5179:Saddam Hussein 5155:Treaty of Rome 5127:European Union 5122: 5121:Foreign policy 5119: 5106:National Front 5097: 5094: 5081: 5078: 5006:market liberal 4997: 4994: 4966: 4963: 4946:Following the 4927: 4924: 4893:zero tolerance 4884: 4881: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4749: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4682:Archeofuturism 4677: 4675:Related topics 4674: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4648:Nouvelle École 4644: 4637: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4492: 4491: 4482: 4477: 4468: 4466:March for Life 4463: 4454: 4449: 4441: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4389:Party of Order 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4332:National Rally 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4113: 4103: 4093: 4083: 4073: 4063: 4053: 4045: 4035: 4025: 4015: 4005: 3995: 3985: 3975: 3965: 3955: 3945: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3910:de Tocqueville 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3591: 3586: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3549: 3544: 3542:French culture 3539: 3534: 3532:Ethnopluralism 3529: 3528: 3527: 3518: 3508: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3487:Anti-communism 3483: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3450: 3445: 3435: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3422:Ultramontanism 3419: 3414: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3388: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3361: 3360: 3352: 3351: 3340: 3337: 3294:Main article: 3291: 3288: 3256: 3253: 3242:Main article: 3239: 3236: 3195:souverainistes 3109:In late 2017, 3074:Main article: 3071: 3068: 3012:Hénin-Beaumont 2987: 2984: 2904:Main article: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2830: 2827: 2793: 2790: 2743: 2740: 2698:The FN won an 2667:Salman Rushdie 2641:National Hebdo 2600: 2597: 2588:Jacques Chirac 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2460:political left 2410:Bernard Antony 2381: 2378: 2362:anti-communism 2308:Front National 2275: 2274: 2265: 2264: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2233:Count of Paris 2180:). During the 2166:French Algeria 2154:Pierre Poujade 2137: 2134: 2031:Jacques Chirac 2011:zero tolerance 1999:European Union 1937:Front national 1933:National Front 1912:National Rally 1906: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1895: 1888: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1862: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1795:Archeofuturism 1790: 1788:Related topics 1787: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1761:Nouvelle École 1757: 1750: 1740: 1733: 1726: 1719: 1712: 1705: 1698: 1691: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1605: 1604: 1595: 1590: 1581: 1579:March for Life 1576: 1567: 1562: 1554: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1502:Party of Order 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1445:National Rally 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1226: 1216: 1206: 1196: 1186: 1176: 1166: 1158: 1148: 1138: 1128: 1118: 1108: 1098: 1088: 1078: 1068: 1058: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1023:de Tocqueville 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 814: 811: 810: 807: 806: 803: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 776: 775: 770: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 730: 727: 726: 723: 722: 719: 718: 713: 704: 699: 693: 688: 683: 678: 677: 676: 662: 657: 655:French culture 652: 647: 645:Ethnopluralism 642: 641: 640: 631: 621: 612: 607: 602: 600:Anti-communism 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 579: 578: 577: 572: 563: 558: 548: 539: 538: 537: 535:Ultramontanism 532: 527: 517: 512: 511: 510: 501: 490: 487: 486: 483: 482: 474: 473: 465: 464: 452: 451: 434: 433: 428: 423: 417: 414: 413: 398: 397: 393: 392: 387: 385: 379: 378: 373: 371: 365: 364: 359: 357: 351: 350: 345: 343: 337: 336: 331: 329: 323: 322: 317: 315: 309: 308: 303: 301: 295: 294: 288: 284: 283: 276: 270: 269: 264: 258: 257: 251: 247: 246: 241: 235: 234: 232: 231: 226: 220: 218: 212: 211: 208: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 140: 136: 135: 126: 122: 121: 115: 111: 110: 108: 107: 105:Hélène Laporte 102: 100:David Rachline 97: 91: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 58: 57: 51:National Rally 50: 49: 39:National Front 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19712: 19701: 19698: 19696: 19693: 19691: 19688: 19686: 19683: 19681: 19678: 19676: 19673: 19671: 19668: 19666: 19663: 19661: 19658: 19656: 19653: 19651: 19648: 19646: 19643: 19641: 19638: 19636: 19633: 19631: 19628: 19626: 19623: 19622: 19620: 19604: 19600: 19597: 19595: 19592: 19590: 19587: 19584: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19572: 19571: 19569: 19565: 19559: 19556: 19554: 19553: 19549: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19541: 19537: 19535: 19534: 19530: 19528: 19525: 19520: 19516: 19514: 19513: 19509: 19507: 19506: 19502: 19500: 19499: 19495: 19494: 19492: 19488: 19480: 19479: 19475: 19474: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19467: 19463: 19461: 19460: 19456: 19454: 19453: 19449: 19448: 19446: 19442: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19426: 19423: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19406: 19403: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19381: 19378: 19376: 19373: 19371: 19368: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19358: 19356: 19353: 19351: 19348: 19346: 19343: 19341: 19338: 19336: 19333: 19331: 19328: 19326: 19323: 19321: 19318: 19316: 19313: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19288: 19286: 19283: 19281: 19278: 19276: 19273: 19271: 19268: 19266: 19263: 19261: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19231: 19228: 19226: 19223: 19221: 19218: 19216: 19213: 19211: 19208: 19206: 19203: 19201: 19198: 19196: 19193: 19191: 19188: 19187: 19185: 19181: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19135: 19132: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19120: 19117: 19115: 19112: 19110: 19107: 19105: 19102: 19100: 19097: 19095: 19092: 19090: 19087: 19085: 19082: 19080: 19077: 19075: 19072: 19070: 19067: 19065: 19062: 19060: 19057: 19056: 19054: 19052:Active groups 19050: 19044: 19041: 19039: 19036: 19034: 19031: 19029: 19026: 19024: 19021: 19019: 19016: 19014: 19011: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19003:Ordre Nouveau 19001: 18999: 18996: 18994: 18991: 18989: 18986: 18984: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18969: 18966: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18951: 18949: 18948:Europe-Action 18946: 18944: 18941: 18940: 18938: 18932: 18926: 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18787: 18785: 18781: 18775: 18774: 18770: 18768: 18767: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18750: 18746: 18744: 18743: 18739: 18737: 18736: 18732: 18730: 18729: 18725: 18723: 18722: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18705: 18701: 18699: 18698: 18694: 18692: 18691: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18674: 18670: 18669: 18667: 18663: 18657: 18654: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18632: 18629: 18628: 18626: 18622: 18618: 18611: 18606: 18604: 18599: 18597: 18592: 18591: 18588: 18575: 18572: 18569: 18568:Marine Le Pen 18566: 18564: 18563:Le Pen family 18561: 18560: 18558: 18554: 18547: 18546: 18542: 18541: 18539: 18535: 18528: 18525: 18522: 18519: 18516: 18513: 18512: 18510: 18508:Organisations 18506: 18502: 18495: 18490: 18488: 18483: 18481: 18476: 18475: 18472: 18455: 18451: 18448: 18444: 18443: 18441: 18437: 18430: 18426: 18425: 18423: 18419: 18416: 18412: 18404: 18400: 18396: 18392: 18389: 18385: 18382: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18364: 18361: 18357: 18356: 18354: 18352: 18346: 18337: 18332: 18331:Lyon Congress 18328: 18325: 18321: 18320: 18318: 18314: 18306: 18302: 18298: 18294: 18293: 18291: 18287: 18279: 18275: 18271: 18267: 18266: 18264: 18260: 18252: 18248: 18244: 18243:Steeve Briois 18240: 18236: 18232: 18228: 18224: 18220: 18216: 18212: 18208: 18204: 18200: 18199: 18197: 18193: 18185: 18181: 18177: 18173: 18169: 18165: 18161: 18157: 18153: 18149: 18145: 18141: 18137: 18133: 18129: 18125: 18121: 18117: 18113: 18109: 18105: 18101: 18097: 18093: 18092: 18090: 18086: 18078: 18077:Steeve Briois 18074: 18070: 18066: 18062: 18058: 18054: 18050: 18046: 18042: 18041: 18039: 18035: 18027: 18026:Marine Le Pen 18023: 18019: 18015: 18014: 18012: 18010: 18004: 18000: 17991: 17986: 17984: 17979: 17977: 17972: 17971: 17968: 17958: 17954: 17950: 17944: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17929: 17927: 17925: 17921: 17915: 17912: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17901: 17899: 17897: 17893: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17878: 17876: 17874: 17870: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17845: 17843: 17841: 17837: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17822: 17820: 17818: 17814: 17810: 17802: 17797: 17795: 17790: 17788: 17783: 17782: 17779: 17769: 17765: 17760: 17754: 17753: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17742: 17740: 17734: 17728: 17727: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17716: 17714: 17710: 17704: 17703: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17692: 17690: 17684: 17678: 17675: 17674: 17672: 17668: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17647: 17645: 17641: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17599: 17594: 17589: 17587: 17582: 17577: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17563: 17558: 17553: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17528: 17526: 17522: 17519: 17515: 17511: 17505: 17501: 17492: 17487: 17485: 17480: 17478: 17473: 17472: 17469: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17444: 17441: 17438: 17432: 17426: 17421: 17420: 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Routledge. 17248: 17247: 17241: 17237: 17231: 17227: 17222: 17221: 17210: 17204: 17200: 17196: 17195: 17189: 17185: 17179: 17175: 17171: 17166: 17162: 17156: 17152: 17151: 17145: 17141: 17135: 17132:. Routledge. 17131: 17126: 17122: 17120:9780674971530 17116: 17112: 17108: 17104: 17100: 17099: 17077: 17071: 17055: 17051: 17048:(in French). 17047: 17041: 17025: 17021: 17018:(in French). 17017: 17011: 16995: 16991: 16988:(in French). 16987: 16981: 16965: 16961: 16958:(in French). 16957: 16951: 16935: 16931: 16928:(in French). 16927: 16921: 16905: 16901: 16895: 16893: 16891: 16889: 16881: 16876: 16874: 16872: 16870: 16868: 16866: 16864: 16862: 16845: 16841: 16837: 16830: 16824: 16823: 16816: 16812: 16809: 16803: 16787: 16783: 16779: 16773: 16757: 16753: 16749: 16743: 16727: 16723: 16719: 16713: 16697: 16693: 16689: 16683: 16667: 16663: 16659: 16653: 16637: 16634:(in French). 16633: 16629: 16622: 16614: 16610: 16604: 16588: 16584: 16580: 16576: 16572: 16565: 16563: 16561: 16544: 16540: 16536: 16530: 16522: 16518: 16512: 16504: 16500: 16494: 16486: 16482: 16476: 16468: 16464: 16458: 16450: 16446: 16440: 16432: 16428: 16421: 16413: 16407: 16391: 16387: 16386: 16381: 16375: 16359: 16355: 16354: 16349: 16343: 16327: 16323: 16322: 16317: 16311: 16303: 16299: 16293: 16277: 16273: 16267: 16259: 16255: 16249: 16233: 16226: 16210: 16206: 16200: 16192: 16188: 16182: 16174: 16170: 16164: 16156: 16152: 16146: 16138: 16134: 16128: 16120: 16116: 16110: 16094: 16090: 16084: 16076: 16075:The Spectator 16072: 16066: 16058: 16054: 16048: 16041:. 5 May 2019. 16040: 16036: 16030: 16028: 16019: 16015: 16009: 16003: 15998: 15982: 15978: 15977: 15976:New Statesman 15972: 15966: 15958: 15957:The Telegraph 15954: 15948: 15940: 15936: 15930: 15922: 15918: 15912: 15904: 15898: 15890: 15884: 15876: 15870: 15854: 15850: 15849: 15848:The Telegraph 15844: 15838: 15822: 15818: 15812: 15796: 15793:(in French). 15792: 15788: 15781: 15765: 15761: 15757: 15750: 15742: 15736: 15720: 15716: 15709: 15701: 15695: 15676: 15669: 15663: 15647: 15643: 15637: 15621: 15617: 15616: 15611: 15604: 15588: 15585:. France 24. 15584: 15577: 15566: 15562: 15555: 15554: 15546: 15531:. 8 July 2024 15530: 15526: 15520: 15513: 15508: 15501: 15496: 15489: 15484: 15468: 15462: 15446: 15439: 15432: 15419: 15415: 15411: 15404: 15388: 15384: 15383: 15378: 15372: 15356: 15352: 15348: 15341: 15325: 15321: 15320: 15315: 15309: 15307: 15290: 15286: 15285: 15280: 15273: 15257: 15253: 15252: 15247: 15243: 15237: 15235: 15218: 15214: 15213: 15212:The Economist 15208: 15202: 15186: 15182: 15178: 15171: 15155: 15152:. France 24. 15151: 15144: 15128: 15124: 15120: 15114: 15107: 15102: 15086: 15082: 15081: 15076: 15070: 15054: 15050: 15049: 15044: 15038: 15022: 15018: 15017: 15012: 15006: 14999: 14994: 14978: 14974: 14968: 14952: 14948: 14942: 14934: 14930: 14924: 14913: 14909: 14905: 14890: 14883: 14879: 14878: 14874: 14858: 14854: 14848: 14832: 14828: 14824: 14818: 14802: 14798: 14792: 14776: 14772: 14766: 14750: 14746: 14742: 14736: 14725: 14721: 14717: 14713: 14709: 14705: 14701: 14697: 14693: 14692: 14688: 14680: 14676: 14672: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14654: 14650: 14646: 14642: 14635: 14627: 14623: 14617: 14609: 14605: 14599: 14591: 14587: 14581: 14565: 14561: 14560: 14555: 14548: 14540: 14536: 14532: 14525: 14509: 14505: 14504: 14499: 14492: 14476: 14472: 14468: 14461: 14445: 14441: 14435: 14419: 14415: 14409: 14403: 14399: 14396: 14392: 14384: 14380: 14379: 14374: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14354: 14350: 14344: 14336: 14332: 14326: 14318: 14314: 14308: 14300: 14296: 14290: 14282: 14278: 14272: 14264: 14258: 14250: 14244: 14237: 14233: 14229: 14223: 14215: 14211: 14205: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14184: 14168: 14164: 14163: 14158: 14157:"Madame Rage" 14151: 14135: 14131: 14127: 14120: 14104: 14100: 14094: 14078: 14074: 14073: 14068: 14061: 14059: 14051: 14046: 14044: 14042: 14034: 14029: 14022: 14017: 14001: 13997: 13991: 13983: 13977: 13961: 13957: 13951: 13943: 13939: 13933: 13931: 13929: 13920: 13916: 13910: 13902: 13898: 13892: 13884: 13880: 13874: 13866: 13862: 13856: 13841: 13837: 13830: 13815: 13811: 13804: 13788: 13784: 13778: 13762: 13758: 13754: 13747: 13731: 13727: 13721: 13714: 13709: 13702: 13697: 13695: 13693: 13691: 13679: 13675: 13671: 13659: 13655: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13643: 13639: 13623: 13619: 13618: 13613: 13606: 13600: 13592: 13588: 13581: 13573: 13569: 13562: 13554: 13550: 13543: 13535: 13529: 13522: 13517: 13513: 13507: 13499: 13498: 13493: 13487: 13479: 13475: 13469: 13467: 13465: 13449: 13445: 13438: 13422: 13418: 13417: 13412: 13405: 13403: 13395: 13391: 13388: 13380: 13364: 13360: 13354: 13338: 13334: 13333: 13332:The Telegraph 13328: 13321: 13314: 13309: 13307: 13300:, p. 95. 13299: 13294: 13292: 13284: 13279: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13249: 13242: 13241: 13237: 13231: 13224: 13223: 13222:The Telegraph 13219: 13213: 13211: 13209: 13207: 13190: 13186: 13182: 13175: 13160: 13159:The Telegraph 13156: 13149: 13147: 13145: 13138: 13130: 13124: 13120: 13119: 13111: 13095: 13091: 13084: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13053: 13037: 13033: 13029: 13022: 13006: 13002: 12996: 12989: 12984: 12977: 12972: 12965: 12960: 12958: 12950: 12945: 12930: 12926: 12920: 12904: 12900: 12894: 12887: 12882: 12873: 12869: 12866: 12865: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12840: 12836: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12825: 12821: 12805: 12799: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12769: 12761: 12757: 12750: 12748: 12739: 12735: 12729: 12721: 12714: 12706: 12702: 12695: 12679: 12675: 12669: 12653: 12649: 12643: 12627: 12623: 12617: 12601: 12597: 12591: 12575: 12571: 12567: 12560: 12544: 12540: 12534: 12518: 12514: 12508: 12492: 12488: 12482: 12466: 12462: 12456: 12440: 12436: 12430: 12414: 12410: 12404: 12398: 12397: 12392: 12389: 12385: 12382: 12376: 12370: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12358: 12352: 12337: 12336: 12328: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12295: 12287: 12271: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12254: 12238: 12235:(in French). 12234: 12233: 12228: 12221: 12205: 12201: 12197: 12191: 12184: 12180: 12177: 12171: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12142: 12136: 12128: 12112: 12108: 12104: 12097: 12081: 12077: 12076:The Economist 12073: 12066: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12035: 12029: 12025: 12022: 12018: 12002: 11998: 11994: 11988: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11957: 11941: 11937: 11936:The Telegraph 11933: 11926: 11910: 11906: 11902: 11896: 11880: 11876: 11870: 11854: 11850: 11844: 11842: 11825: 11821: 11820: 11815: 11808: 11792: 11788: 11782: 11766: 11762: 11761: 11756: 11749: 11733: 11730:. France 24. 11729: 11722: 11706: 11703:. France 24. 11702: 11695: 11679: 11675: 11674: 11669: 11663: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11633: 11631: 11614: 11610: 11606: 11600: 11598: 11581: 11577: 11576: 11575:The Telegraph 11571: 11564: 11548: 11544: 11543: 11538: 11531: 11516: 11512: 11506: 11490: 11487:(in French). 11486: 11485: 11480: 11473: 11466: 11461: 11459: 11451: 11446: 11439: 11434: 11427: 11422: 11415: 11410: 11403: 11398: 11391: 11386: 11384: 11376: 11371: 11364: 11359: 11357: 11349: 11344: 11337: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11320: 11315: 11313: 11296: 11292: 11291: 11290:The Telegraph 11286: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11273: 11271: 11263: 11258: 11251: 11246: 11230: 11226: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11205: 11198: 11193: 11191: 11189: 11181: 11176: 11169: 11164: 11157: 11152: 11145: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11128: 11123: 11107: 11103: 11097: 11090: 11085: 11078: 11073: 11066: 11061: 11054: 11049: 11042: 11037: 11035: 11033: 11025: 11020: 11013: 11008: 11001: 10996: 10994: 10986: 10981: 10974: 10969: 10962: 10957: 10951:, p. 93. 10950: 10945: 10938: 10933: 10926: 10921: 10914: 10909: 10902: 10897: 10890: 10885: 10879:, p. 90. 10878: 10873: 10871: 10863: 10858: 10851: 10846: 10839: 10834: 10832: 10825:, p. 70. 10824: 10819: 10812: 10807: 10801:, p. 68. 10800: 10795: 10788: 10783: 10781: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10765: 10760: 10744: 10737: 10730: 10724:, p. 80. 10723: 10718: 10716: 10708: 10703: 10701: 10693: 10688: 10681: 10676: 10669: 10664: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10654: 10646: 10641: 10639: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10625: 10620: 10613: 10608: 10602:, p. 63. 10601: 10596: 10590:, p. 62. 10589: 10584: 10578:, p. 76. 10577: 10572: 10565: 10560: 10554:, p. 61. 10553: 10548: 10541: 10536: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10519:, p. 60. 10518: 10513: 10511: 10503: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10492: 10490: 10482: 10477: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10451: 10444: 10436: 10430: 10426: 10425: 10417: 10410: 10405: 10398: 10393: 10386: 10381: 10379: 10377: 10369: 10364: 10358:, p. 43. 10357: 10352: 10345: 10340: 10333: 10328: 10321: 10316: 10309: 10304: 10297: 10292: 10285: 10280: 10274:, p. 41. 10273: 10268: 10266: 10258: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10241: 10236: 10229: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10212: 10207: 10200: 10195: 10193: 10185: 10180: 10173: 10168: 10162:, p. 39. 10161: 10156: 10154: 10146: 10141: 10134: 10129: 10122: 10117: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10078: 10072:, p. 13. 10071: 10066: 10060:, p. 94. 10059: 10054: 10047: 10042: 10035: 10030: 10023: 10018: 10016: 10008: 10003: 9996: 9991: 9983: 9977: 9973: 9972: 9964: 9957: 9952: 9945: 9940: 9933: 9928: 9921: 9916: 9909: 9904: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9863: 9859: 9855: 9849: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9785: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9755: 9753: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9707: 9703: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9685: 9681: 9674: 9658: 9654: 9648: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9617: 9601: 9597: 9591: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9536: 9532: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9501: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9473: 9458: 9454: 9449: 9448: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9424: 9420: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9393: 9378: 9374: 9368: 9366: 9349: 9345: 9344: 9339: 9333: 9331: 9323: 9318: 9311: 9306: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9283: 9267: 9263: 9257: 9250: 9245: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9215: 9209: 9193: 9189: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9174: 9166: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9123: 9107: 9103: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9078: 9062: 9058: 9051: 9031: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9004: 9001:. France 24. 9000: 8995: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8970: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8945: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8920: 8908: 8905:. France 24. 8904: 8899: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8857: 8845: 8842:. France 24. 8841: 8836: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8814: 8811: 8806:(1): 679–695. 8805: 8801: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8768: 8766:9781349284764 8762: 8758: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8647: 8643: 8641:9780472084418 8637: 8633: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8614: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8586: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8567: 8565:9782020232005 8561: 8557: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8538: 8536: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8503: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8474: 8463: 8462:The Economist 8459: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8403: 8397: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8366: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8335: 8319: 8315: 8308: 8304: 8288: 8281: 8275: 8266: 8257: 8248: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8204: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8186:(1999–2001), 8185: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8167: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8143: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8108: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8088: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8049: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8028: 8022: 8018: 8011: 8008: 8000: 7993: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7967: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7937: 7929: 7922: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7913:Marine Le Pen 7911: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7896: 7889: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7861: 7854: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7828: 7821: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7793: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7768: 7760: 7753: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7725: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7698: 7695: 7692: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7675: 7660: 7653: 7646: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7579:Marine Le Pen 7575: 7572: 7571: 7563: 7556: 7549: 7546: 7543: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7518: 7511: 7504: 7501: 7498: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7440: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7413: 7410: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7382: 7375: 7368: 7365: 7362: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7307: 7292: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7196:Marine Le Pen 7192: 7189: 7188: 7184: 7173: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7108: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7081: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7007: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6994:Second round 6983: 6963: 6956: 6953: 6950: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6922: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6886: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6850: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6828:Marine Le Pen 6824: 6821: 6820: 6812: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6776: 6769: 6766: 6763: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6740: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6704: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6668: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6632: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6599: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6566: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6533: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6410:Steeve Briois 6408: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6327:, (2019–2022) 6326: 6323: 6320: 6319:Steeve Briois 6317: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6271: 6267: 6265: 6258: 6256: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6214: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6204:Marine Le Pen 6200: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6141: 6133: 6127: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6107: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6082:(treasurer), 6081: 6080:Kévin Pfeffer 6077: 6073: 6069: 6068:Steeve Briois 6066:(president), 6065: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5970:Narendra Modi 5967: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5932:Nenad Popović 5929: 5925: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5876: 5872: 5867: 5865: 5864:Umberto Bossi 5861: 5857: 5853: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5825:gold standard 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5786:Bürger in Wut 5783: 5782:Vlaams Belang 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5758:Marine Le Pen 5754: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5729:Welfare Party 5725: 5721: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5681:We Are Family 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5637:Vlaams Belang 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5557:Marine Le Pen 5548: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5488:anti-Semitism 5485: 5481: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5426:Controversies 5423: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5394:was ongoing. 5393: 5389: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5345: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5293:United States 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5184: 5180: 5177:. He visited 5176: 5173:and the 2003 5172: 5168: 5167:United States 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5051: 5050:welfare state 5047: 5046:globalisation 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5030:protectionism 5027: 5026:neoliberalism 5022: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4958: 4956: 4951: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4932: 4923: 4921: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4901:death penalty 4898: 4894: 4890: 4889:law-and-order 4883:Law and order 4880: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4869:working class 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4827:Michel Winock 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4811:James Shields 4804: 4799: 4788: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4774: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4589:L'Écho du Sud 4586: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4426:Organisations 4423: 4422: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4347:Soyons libres 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4312:French Future 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4290: 4289: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3815:de La Mennais 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3699:Intellectuals 3696: 3695: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3623:Ancien Régime 3619: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3596:Souverainisme 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3537:Family values 3535: 3533: 3530: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3317:opinion polls 3315:According to 3313: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3273:Vlaams Belang 3270: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3104:Ludovic Pajot 3101: 3097: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2937: 2928: 2923: 2916: 2915:Marine Le Pen 2912: 2907: 2892: 2890: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2870:Pas de Calais 2867: 2866:Marine Le Pen 2863: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2835: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2811: 2810:Lionel Jospin 2807: 2798: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2748: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2656: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2577:death penalty 2574: 2570: 2565: 2563: 2558: 2557:collaborators 2554: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2493: 2489: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2366:Évian Accords 2363: 2359: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2332:Ordre Nouveau 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2292:Ordre Nouveau 2283: 2278: 2269: 2260: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208:Ordre Nouveau 2202: 2201: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113:2022 election 2110: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2094:Schengen Area 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2035:Marine Le Pen 2032: 2027: 2023: 2022:Ordre Nouveau 2018: 2016: 2015:law and order 2012: 2008: 2007:protectionism 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1917: 1913: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1703: 1702:L'Écho du Sud 1699: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1539:Organisations 1536: 1535: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1460:Soyons libres 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1425:French Future 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1041: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 928:de La Mennais 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 812:Intellectuals 809: 808: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 738: 737: 736:Ancien Régime 732: 731: 725: 724: 717: 714: 711: 710: 709:Souverainisme 705: 703: 700: 698: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 674: 673: 668: 667: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 650:Family values 648: 646: 643: 638: 637: 632: 630: 627: 626: 625: 622: 619: 618: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 597: 591: 590: 583: 580: 576: 573: 570: 569: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 553: 552: 549: 546: 545: 540: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 521: 518: 516: 513: 508: 507: 502: 500: 497: 496: 495: 492: 491: 485: 484: 480: 476: 475: 472: 467: 466: 462: 458: 457: 448: 447:radical right 444: 439: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 418: 415: 411: 406: 399: 394: 386: 384: 380: 372: 370: 366: 358: 356: 352: 344: 342: 338: 330: 328: 324: 316: 314: 310: 302: 300: 296: 289: 285: 280: 277: 275: 271: 268: 265: 263: 259: 255: 252: 248: 245: 242: 240: 236: 230: 227: 225: 222: 221: 219: 217: 213: 209: 202: 199: 196: 194:Security wing 192: 189: 186: 184: 180: 177: 174: 169: 165: 162: 161:Ordre Nouveau 159: 155: 141: 137: 134: 130: 127: 123: 119: 118:Marine Le Pen 116: 112: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 92: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 59: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 19599:Algerian War 19594:Vichy France 19550: 19538: 19531: 19517: 19510: 19503: 19496: 19476: 19464: 19459:Maurrassisme 19457: 19450: 19174:The Patriots 19074:Alsace First 18983:Jeune Nation 18771: 18764: 18747: 18740: 18733: 18726: 18719: 18702: 18697:Croix-de-Feu 18695: 18688: 18671: 18543: 18514: 18414:Affiliations 18359: 17931: 17767: 17749: 17744: 17723: 17718: 17699: 17585: 17411:(in French). 17408: 17386: 17369: 17365: 17353:. 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London. 8622:0472106635 8486:Liberation 8299:References 7988:7,765,936 7955:5,286,939 7917:4,712,461 7887:6.34 (#6) 7884:1,091,691 7852:9.81 (#4) 7849:1,684,792 7819:5.70 (#8) 7816:1,005,113 7781:2,050,086 7748:2,129,668 7720:2,210,334 7634:2,908,253 7628:2,743,497 7589:6,820,147 7583:6,018,672 7544:1,943,307 7538:2,223,800 7499:3,200,194 7493:3,564,064 7453:3,270,118 7405:3,396,141 7357:2,654,390 7265:8,133,828 7227:7,678,491 7200:6,421,426 7168:3,834,530 7144:5,525,032 7130:4,804,713 7103:4,570,838 7076:4,375,894 6988:Candidate 6910:3,589,465 6904:4,248,626 6874:1,590,858 6868:2,990,454 6832:3,528,373 6794:1,116,136 6758:2,873,390 6728:1,435,186 6722:3,791,063 6692:1,168,143 6686:3,155,702 6650:2,359,528 6614:2,703,442 6268:Incumbent 6124:Term start 6120:President 6110:Presidents 6058:Leadership 5829:Steve King 5797:Republican 5724:right-wing 5659:, and the 5631:, Italian 5561:Jean Marie 5537:Al Jazeera 5265:pro-Israel 5139:Maastricht 5110:Socialists 5034:Free World 4909:referendum 4897:referendum 4853:Boulangism 4364:Feuillants 4337:Reconquête 4276:de Villèle 4251:Retailleau 4117:Submission 3932:Literature 3895:de Rivarol 3875:Peyrefitte 3870:d'Ornellas 3845:de Maistre 3755:Brunetière 3725:de Benoist 3578:Patriotism 3552:Monarchism 3481:Principles 3448:Legitimism 3375:Ideologies 3325:exit polls 3090:En Marche! 2501:Socialists 2340:Poujadists 2171:frontistes 2136:Background 2047:xenophobia 1920:pronounced 1477:Feuillants 1450:Reconquête 1389:de Villèle 1364:Retailleau 1230:Submission 1045:Literature 1008:de Rivarol 988:Peyrefitte 983:d'Ornellas 958:de Maistre 868:Brunetière 838:de Benoist 691:Patriotism 665:Monarchism 594:Principles 561:Legitimism 488:Ideologies 389:26 / 4,108 183:Youth wing 149:1972-10-05 19472:Pétainism 19390:Reynouard 19370:Philippot 19320:Le Gallou 19305:Holeindre 19300:Gollnisch 19220:Benedetti 18850:Déroulède 18795:Bainville 18636:Boulanger 18211:Carl Lang 17924:Far-right 17286:145348163 17199:Routledge 16850:31 August 16840:Le Figaro 16632:Le Figaro 16593:31 August 16583:1765-2898 16549:31 August 16467:Le Figaro 16191:Nova.news 16039:France 24 15735:cite news 15251:Mediapart 15191:7 January 15048:L'Express 14679:219020617 14671:1350-1763 14626:Ukrinform 14232:Le Figaro 13840:France 24 13678:France 24 13664:25 August 13268:28 August 12738:France 24 12652:France 24 12342:11 August 12307:0362-4331 12150:0362-4331 11578:. Paris. 11293:. 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