243:
3687:
4585:
199:
3068:
The
Natisone Valley dialect is unregulated, and thus a fair degree of variation is common in both pronunciation and writing. The eastern microdialects are completely unstandardized, like most other Slovene dialects. In contrast, the western microdialects have their own dictionary and grammar, written
588:
on long syllables. It also differentiates between long and short syllables, both can occur anywhere in a word. There is, however, tendency to lengthen historically short vowels. Accent is on the same syllable as in Alpine Slavic, which is different from
Standard Slovene, which has undergone
625:
Similarly to standard
Slovene, the Natisone Valley dialect also has diacritics to denote accent. The accent is free and therefore it must be denoted with a diacritic. Three standard diacritics are used; however, they do not show tonal oppositions.
3114:Šekli, Matej. 2004. "Jezik, knjižni jezik, pokrajinski oz. krajevni knjižni jezik: Genetskojezikoslovni in družbenostnojezikoslovni pristop k členjenju jezikovne stvarnosti (na primeru slovenščine)." In Erika Kržišnik (ed.),
373:, which formed from the southeastern proto-dialect, whereas the Natisone Valley dialect formed from the northwestern proto-dialect and shows many similarities with other dialects in the Littoral dialect group.
1167:
The phonology of the
Natisone Valley dialect is similar to that of standard Slovene, but it has a seven-vowel (eastern microdialects eight-vowel) system; two of those are diphthongs.
3010:
Stress, vowel length, and tone are not distinguished, except with optional diacritics when it is necessary to distinguish between similar words with a different meaning.
709:
The
Natisone Valley dialect has 24 (in the east 25) distinct phonemes, in comparison to 22 in standard Slovene. This is mostly due to the fact that it still has palatal
697:
The phonology of the
Natisone Valley dialect is similar to that of standard Slovene. Two major exceptions are the presence of diphthongs and the existence of
3069:
by Nino Špehonja in 2012. The dictionary still allows many variations in writing, and consequently pronunciation. The main reason for different spellings is
1488:-stems. These are mostly limited to single words. However, the dialect has more archaic declension patterns that differ considerably from standard Slovene:
1285:
The
Natisone Valley dialect experienced lengthening of non-final vowels, and these became undistinguishable from their long counterparts, except for *
441:
4949:
3507:
2162:
The dialect's orthography is mainly based on western microdialects. It has 26 letters; 25 of them are the same as in the
Slovene alphabet, and
3730:
3675:
1456:
The
Natisone Valley dialect still has neuter gender in the singular, but it feminized in the plural. It still has the masculine and neuter
5609:
481:
511:
421:
4146:
3653:
1083:
431:
4392:
3584:
3532:
3387:
3879:
5016:
3645:
3136:
4942:
4915:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
1056:
902:
728:
528:
The
Natisone Valley dialect is rather uniform. The easternmost microdialects are the most different, having the phonemes
3931:
5197:
5165:
3073:, which is more common in some microdialects and less in others; e.g., the word for 'bonfire' can either be written as
1066:
720:
3701:
3180:
3620:
3465:
321:, which has a higher degree of vowel reduction but shares practically the same accented vowel system. It borders the
3668:
961:
895:
4245:
3821:
947:
4935:
1225:
1027:
3636:
3563:
5405:
5225:
5220:
5183:
5151:
1921:. Words from Proto-Slavic received pretty close evolution to that of Standard Slovene, so both varieties are
1150:
has the allophone at the end of a word and between vowels in the east. In the west, the difference between
993:
923:
954:
888:
5215:
3056:
3052:
3037:
3033:
3022:
3014:
2987:
2964:
2941:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2847:
2824:
2801:
2778:
2755:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2677:
2654:
2631:
2608:
2585:
2550:
2546:
2523:
2500:
2465:
2461:
2438:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2360:
2325:
2321:
2298:
2275:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2167:
1272:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1098:
678:
661:
644:
573:
562:
541:
537:
533:
529:
5299:
3661:
1241:
1202:
5306:
701:. However, the dialect is not uniform, and differences exist between eastern and western microdialects.
4448:
4037:
1257:
1038:
822:
815:
5086:
3683:
5604:
5286:
4261:
3770:
986:
968:
726:
718:
710:
461:
3613:
3554:
3500:
4998:
4984:
4527:
4518:
3923:
2178:
1211:
1006:
3393:
5356:
5327:
5319:
5281:
5262:
5243:
5191:
5159:
5068:
4672:
4458:
4366:
4223:
4100:
3903:
854:
847:
831:
370:
366:
97:
5583:
5026:
4813:
4730:
4645:
4453:
4163:
1000:
760:
545:
477:
451:
358:
354:
342:
310:
125:
112:
102:
5141:
5055:
1376:, e-akanye, and ikanye, but examples are rare. The only more common feature is loss of final -
5379:
5267:
5248:
5235:
4958:
4876:
4725:
4229:
4072:
3869:
1922:
1014:
785:
778:
544:
at the end of a word. The biggest differences between the microdialects are the reflexes for
377:
5254:
4195:
365:. It is quite different from standard Slovene because the standard language is based on the
5436:
5039:
4720:
4697:
4468:
4328:
4282:
4023:
1918:
864:
794:
712:
501:
385:
322:
318:
5079:
4622:
4614:
4135:
3722:
3706:
3579:(in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Zveza društev Slavistično društvo Slovenije. pp. 108–121.
8:
5456:
5099:
5006:
4992:
4667:
4628:
4372:
4018:
3851:
3826:
2444:
2251:
934:
873:
5292:
5205:
5126:
4802:
4349:
4127:
5546:
5498:
5387:
4654:
4463:
4413:
4010:
4001:
3987:
3805:
3750:
3691:
3601:
3542:
3488:
2993:
2557:
1101:
exists only in the eastern microdialects; in the western microdialects, it merged with
754:
5113:
2637:
2414:
5562:
5515:
5480:
5421:
5373:
5342:
5273:
4807:
4797:
4789:
4715:
4605:
4535:
4504:
4491:
4482:
4427:
4421:
4406:
4252:
4190:
4172:
4078:
4054:
3977:
3950:
3936:
3908:
3859:
3836:
3726:
3714:
3710:
3580:
3528:
3461:
3383:
3116:
Aktualizacija jezikovnozvrstne teorije na slovenskem. Členitev jezikovne resničnosti.
2947:
2891:
2830:
2506:
2281:
2236:
1910:
1380:, but even this is not the case in some more remote villages, such as Montemaggiore (
1233:
1047:
1020:
977:
911:
840:
802:
698:
405:
381:
338:
306:
229:
69:
5011:
4275:
4236:
4086:
3574:
2660:
2479:
2399:
2366:
5538:
5488:
5431:
5426:
5332:
4975:
4966:
4546:
4400:
4342:
4321:
4305:
4298:
4289:
4215:
4064:
4046:
3956:
3890:
3884:
3874:
3787:
3779:
3754:
3742:
2761:
2339:
2332:
1914:
765:
749:
744:
413:
362:
302:
290:
279:
271:
120:
107:
40:
2591:
2529:
2406:
2304:
2243:
2177:
Standard orthography, used in almost all situations, uses only the letters of the
5567:
5507:
5461:
5136:
5073:
4881:
4862:
4832:
4780:
4761:
4677:
4553:
4379:
4268:
4185:
4180:
4140:
4109:
3746:
3573:
Zuljan Kumar, Danila (27–29 September 2018). Žele, Andreja; Šekli, Matej (eds.).
772:
89:
5034:
2898:
2723:
2716:
2683:
2614:
1929:
Comparison of some common words in Natisone Valley dialect and Standard Slovene
326:
5466:
5337:
5210:
5131:
5121:
5107:
4868:
4744:
4707:
4692:
4540:
4499:
4335:
3841:
3831:
3797:
3738:
3018:
1075:
389:
384:, it can still be quite easily understood by most Slovene speakers, unlike the
314:
169:
2914:
2564:
2472:
5598:
5521:
5173:
5049:
4837:
4766:
4753:
4682:
4560:
4117:
3734:
3718:
1184:
940:
879:
808:
733:, which depalatalized in standard Slovene, merging with the hard consonants.
330:
309:, but also in a small part of Slovenia. It is one of the two dialects in the
2970:
2906:
2853:
2784:
2731:
5063:
4887:
4662:
4590:
3864:
651:
634:
585:
565:, with the first one usually being more palatalized. In the east, however,
334:
176:
3477:
Fonološki opis govora vasi Jevšček pri Livku nadiškega narečja slovenščine
2807:
4895:
3758:
1196:
1179:
376:
Nonetheless, the Natisone Valley dialect and standard Slovene are easily
242:
4927:
3006:
The orthography thus underdifferentiates several phonemic distinctions:
5397:
4205:
3942:
3441:
1249:
1189:
491:
5365:
3982:
3520:
3480:
3453:
3375:
1267:
1219:
668:
218:
4312:
3382:, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša. 2015. pp. 40–41.
409:
80:
65:
55:
4842:
4358:
3913:
3898:
689:( ˇ ), which indicates that a vowel can be either long or short.
4200:
3070:
1373:
465:
3686:
686:
473:
401:
204:
51:
3524:
3457:
3379:
3650:, Italian-Natisone Valley dialect dictionary (in Italian).
469:
353:
The Natisone Valley dialect is a dialect of Slovene, an
3519:(in Slovenian). Translated by Plotnikova, Anastasija.
1372:
Vowel reduction is almost non-existent; there is some
380:. Even though the dialect has many words derived from
1901:, but it has the same accent as the long infinitive.
4580:
3515:Šekli, Matej (2018). Legan Ravnikar, Andreja (ed.).
3190:. Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU
3118:
Ljubljana: Center za slovenistiko, pp. 41–58, p. 53.
3105:
vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.
536:, which are unknown to the other microdialects, and
460:). In Slovenia, it encompasses the area west of the
3369:
3040:also are not differentiated, both being written as
476:. Larger towns can only be found in Italy, such as
345:, and it evolved from Venetian–Karst dialect base.
5596:
4613:
3641:grammar of Natisone Valley dialect (in Italian).
1131:can undergo morphophonemic change into ; e.g.,
3446:Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave
1472:-stem, as well as the remains of the feminine
1419:The palatal consonants remained palatal, but *
4943:
4526:
3669:
3460:, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša.
3080:
3074:
1387:
1381:
1138:
1132:
672:
655:
638:
611:
604:
597:
590:
566:
555:
548:
515:
505:
495:
485:
455:
445:
435:
425:
400:The dialect is mainly spoken in northeastern
284:
265:
27:
4752:
3572:
3450:Dialectological and etymological discussions
3257:
3181:"Karta slovenskih narečij z večjimi naselji"
1468:-stem declension. There is also a masculine
3371:Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika: SSKJ 2
1280:
4950:
4936:
3676:
3662:
1460:-stem declension, as well as the feminine
395:
241:
4957:
3561:
3517:Tipologija lingvogenez slovanskih jezikov
3425:
3413:
3356:
3298:
3214:
3134:
572:is still distinct and even pronounced as
357:belonging to the western subgroup of the
313:to have its own written form, along with
4009:
3101:Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja."
617:shifts (e. g. NV žená, SS žéna 'wife').
341:to the west. The dialect belongs to the
4490:
3506:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3224:. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, p. 25.
1909:There are many loanwords borrowed from
5597:
671:( ˙ ) indicates an extra-short vowel:
408:. It is spoken along four rivers: the
5506:
4931:
3657:
3514:
3474:
3440:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3310:
3286:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3245:
3233:
3208:
3162:
1404:in the west; in the east it remained
1116:are rare and only found in loanwords.
278:
39:
3568:(in Italian). Poligrafice San Marco.
3175:
3173:
3171:
3144:(in Italian). Poligrafiche San Marco
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
1897:The infinitive has lost the final -
1408:only as a fill vowel. The cluster *
737:Natisone Valley consonant phonemes
523:
13:
5610:Languages of Friuli-Venezia Giulia
3852:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
3628:
3576:Slovenski jezik v Nadiških dolinah
3333:
3316:
3263:
3055:as well as non-syllabic "false u"
14:
5621:
3444:(1996). Kenda-Jež, Karmen (ed.).
3202:
3168:
3121:
1256:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1210:
1201:
1082:
1065:
1055:
1037:
1026:
1005:
999:
992:
985:
967:
960:
953:
946:
922:
901:
894:
887:
863:
853:
846:
830:
821:
814:
793:
784:
777:
420:) and its three tributaries: the
348:
4583:
3702:Historical linguistic minorities
3685:
3523:: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center
3456:: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center
3378:: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center
3222:Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika
584:The Natisone Valley dialect has
197:
4909:
3479:(in Slovenian). Vol. 1–2.
3434:
3419:
3407:
3396:from the original on 2022-03-18
3362:
3350:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3251:
3017:is not differentiated from its
2166:has been added for the phoneme
685:In addition, there is also the
654:( ´ ) indicates a short vowel:
554:, which has almost merged with
464:range, with villages including
317:. It is closely related to the
3239:
3227:
3156:
3138:Vocabolario Italiano - Nediško
3108:
3095:
2157:
1349:remained unchanged. Syllabic *
637:( ` ) indicates a long vowel:
472:), as well as villages around
280:[naˈdíːʃkɔnaˈɾéːt͡ʃjɛ]
1:
3088:
3063:
1904:
1451:
704:
620:
540:is sometimes used instead of
41:[nɛˈdiːʃkɔnaˈɾɛt͡ʃjɛ]
3647:Vocabolario Italiano-Nediško
3081:
3075:
1337:, respectively. The vowels *
1139:
1133:
692:
673:
656:
639:
266:
28:
7:
10:
5626:
4449:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
3932:Central-Southern Calabrian
3619:CS1 maint: date and year (
3051:is used to write syllabic
3025:, and both are written as
1313:. Other long mid vowels (*
1123:in standard Slovene, both
629:The three diacritics are:
561:in the west, merging into
468:and Kostanjevica (part of
16:Slovenian language dialect
5576:
5555:
5537:
5497:
5479:
5449:
5414:
5396:
5364:
5355:
5318:
5234:
5182:
5150:
5098:
5025:
4983:
4974:
4965:
4855:
4825:
4788:
4779:
4743:
4706:
4653:
4644:
4604:
4600:
4578:
4517:
4481:
4439:
4391:
4262:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
4214:
4171:
4162:
4126:
4108:
4099:
4063:
4045:
4036:
4000:
3968:
3922:
3850:
3814:
3796:
3778:
3769:
3765:
3698:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1872:
1847:
1836:
1785:
1774:
1763:
1752:
1741:
1730:
1691:
1680:
1655:
1644:
1579:
1548:
1537:
1271:
1162:
1074:
1013:
933:
872:
801:
771:
741:
579:
240:
228:
216:
211:
187:
182:
166:
151:
86:
76:
61:
47:
35:
26:
21:
3562:Špehonja, Nino (2012b).
3135:Špehonja, Nino (2012a).
2179:ISO basic Latin alphabet
1917:, but not as much as in
1281:Evolutionary perspective
371:Upper Carniolan dialects
249:
5198:Eastern Lower Carniolan
5166:Eastern Upper Carniolan
3822:Central-Northern Latian
3220:Toporišič, Jože. 1992.
3103:Enciklopedija Slovenije
2418:'having empty stomach'
1172:Natisone valley vowels
396:Geographic distribution
262:Natisone Valley dialect
253:Natisone Valley dialect
131:Natisone Valley dialect
22:Natisone Valley dialect
5584:Yugoslav Sign Language
4454:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
4246:Bustocco and Legnanese
3452:] (in Slovenian).
2992:
2969:
2946:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2890:
2852:
2829:
2806:
2783:
2760:
2730:
2722:
2715:
2682:
2659:
2636:
2613:
2590:
2563:
2556:
2528:
2505:
2478:
2471:
2443:
2413:
2405:
2398:
2365:
2338:
2331:
2303:
2280:
2250:
2242:
2235:
1447:at the end of a word.
1388:
1382:
613:
606:
599:
592:
576:at the end of a word.
568:
557:
550:
516:
506:
496:
486:
478:San Pietro al Natisone
456:
452:San Pietro al Natisone
446:
436:
426:
417:
355:Indo-European language
343:Littoral dialect group
333:to the southeast, the
329:to the northeast, the
325:to the northwest, the
311:Littoral dialect group
294:
285:
275:
126:Littoral dialect group
5406:Eastern Herzegovinian
5226:South White Carniolan
5221:North White Carniolan
5017:North Pohorje–Remšnik
4959:Languages of Slovenia
4877:Italian Sign Language
4826:Other German dialects
3969:Other Italo-Dalmatian
3475:Šekli, Matej (2007).
2174:in Standard Slovene.
1923:mutually intelligible
1158:is barely noticeable.
378:mutually intelligible
160:Eastern microdialects
157:Western microdialects
4329:Southwestern Lombard
1919:Torre Valley dialect
386:Torre Valley dialect
323:Torre Valley dialect
319:Torre Valley dialect
295:dialetto natisoniano
117:Western South Slavic
4629:Vaccarizzo Albanian
3483:. pp. 409–427.
2170:, which is written
1930:
1800:
1708:
1608:
1501:
1396:turned into either
1173:
738:
189:Recognised minority
5556:Minority languages
5415:Standard varieties
4464:Judaeo-Piedmontese
4440:Other Gallo-Italic
3692:Languages of Italy
3258:Zuljan Kumar (2018
2172:⟨dž⟩
1928:
1794:
1702:
1602:
1495:
1171:
736:
699:palatal consonants
337:to the south, and
264:(Natisone Valley:
5592:
5591:
5533:
5532:
5475:
5474:
5445:
5444:
5351:
5350:
5287:Lower Sava Valley
4925:
4924:
4904:
4903:
4851:
4850:
4808:Southern Bavarian
4775:
4774:
4739:
4738:
4731:Triestine Serbian
4640:
4639:
4615:Arbëresh language
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4513:
4512:
4477:
4476:
4230:Brianzöö dialects
4158:
4157:
4095:
4094:
4032:
4031:
3996:
3995:
3637:Nediška gramatika
3586:978-961-6715-27-0
3565:Nediška gramatika
3534:978-961-05-0137-4
3389:978-961-282-010-7
3049:⟨u⟩
3042:⟨č⟩
3027:⟨g⟩
3004:
3003:
2195:⟨ǧ⟩
2191:⟨ž⟩
2187:⟨š⟩
2183:⟨č⟩
2164:⟨ǧ⟩
2155:
2154:
1937:Standard Slovene
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1790:
1789:
1696:
1695:
1598:
1597:
1476:-stem and neuter
1435:. The consonant *
1427:in the west and *
1386:) and Stermizza (
1293:then turned into
1278:
1277:
1094:
1093:
406:Venetian Slovenia
307:Venetian Slovenia
305:spoken mainly in
258:
257:
70:Venetian Slovenia
5617:
5605:Slovene dialects
5524:
5504:
5503:
5382:
5362:
5361:
5309:
5302:
5300:Zagorje-Trbovlje
5295:
5276:
5257:
5200:
5168:
5116:
5089:
5082:
5058:
5001:
4981:
4980:
4972:
4971:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4916:
4913:
4890:
4871:
4816:
4786:
4785:
4750:
4749:
4651:
4650:
4631:
4611:
4610:
4602:
4601:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4524:
4523:
4488:
4487:
4430:
4416:
4409:
4393:Emilian–Romagnol
4382:
4375:
4361:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4255:
4248:
4239:
4232:
4169:
4168:
4149:
4128:Franco-Provençal
4106:
4105:
4081:
4043:
4042:
4038:Occitano-Romance
4007:
4006:
3959:
3945:
3924:Extreme Southern
3893:
3788:Regional Italian
3776:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3723:Franco-Provençal
3690:
3689:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3624:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3569:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3538:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3471:
3428:
3426:Špehonja (2012b)
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3374:(in Slovenian).
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3331:
3325:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3177:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3132:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3099:
3084:
3078:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3024:
3016:
2989:
2966:
2943:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2849:
2826:
2803:
2780:
2757:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2679:
2656:
2633:
2610:
2587:
2552:
2548:
2525:
2502:
2467:
2463:
2440:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2362:
2327:
2323:
2300:
2277:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2173:
2169:
2165:
1934:Natisone Valley
1931:
1927:
1801:
1793:
1709:
1701:
1609:
1601:
1502:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1391:
1385:
1365:in the west and
1274:
1273:ie~iɛ uo~uɔ
1260:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1214:
1205:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1086:
1069:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1030:
1023:
1009:
1003:
996:
989:
980:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
926:
914:
905:
898:
891:
882:
867:
857:
850:
843:
834:
825:
818:
811:
797:
788:
781:
739:
735:
732:
724:
716:
680:
676:
663:
659:
646:
642:
616:
609:
602:
595:
575:
571:
564:
560:
553:
543:
539:
535:
531:
524:Further division
519:
509:
499:
489:
459:
449:
439:
429:
363:Slavic languages
288:
282:
269:
252:
250:
245:
236:
221:
203:
201:
200:
191:language in
172:
92:
43:
31:
19:
18:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5572:
5551:
5529:
5520:
5493:
5471:
5441:
5410:
5392:
5378:
5347:
5328:Slovenian Hills
5314:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5282:Kozje-Bizeljsko
5272:
5263:Central Styrian
5253:
5244:Central Savinja
5230:
5196:
5192:Lower Carniolan
5184:Lower Carniolan
5178:
5164:
5160:Upper Carniolan
5152:Upper Carniolan
5146:
5112:
5094:
5085:
5078:
5069:Inner Carniolan
5054:
5045:Natisone Valley
5021:
4997:
4961:
4956:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4900:
4886:
4867:
4847:
4833:Austrian German
4821:
4812:
4771:
4762:Calabrian Greek
4735:
4702:
4688:Natisone Valley
4673:Inner Carniolan
4636:
4627:
4596:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4568:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4509:
4473:
4441:
4435:
4426:
4412:
4405:
4387:
4378:
4371:
4367:Eastern Lombard
4357:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4251:
4244:
4235:
4228:
4224:Western Lombard
4210:
4154:
4145:
4122:
4091:
4077:
4059:
4028:
3992:
3970:
3964:
3955:
3941:
3918:
3904:Southern Latian
3889:
3870:Castelmezzanese
3846:
3810:
3792:
3761:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3644:Nino Špehonja,
3634:Nino Špehonja,
3631:
3629:Further reading
3618:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3550:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3468:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3420:
3414:Špehonja (2012b
3412:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3390:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3357:Špehonja (2012b
3355:
3351:
3343:
3334:
3326:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3299:Špehonja (2012b
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3133:
3122:
3113:
3109:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3066:
3048:
3041:
3032:The consonants
3026:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2171:
2163:
2160:
1907:
1454:
1449:
1283:
1165:
1108:The consonants
1046:
1019:
976:
939:
910:
878:
839:
807:
707:
695:
623:
603:and optionally
582:
526:
457:Špeter Slovenov
398:
367:Lower Carniolan
351:
303:Slovene dialect
276:nadiško narečje
267:nedìško narèčje
254:
248:
247:
234:
217:
207:
198:
196:
192:
190:
183:Official status
173:
168:
147:
93:
90:Language family
88:
29:nedìško narèčje
17:
12:
11:
5:
5623:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5580:
5578:
5577:Sign languages
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5512:
5510:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5485:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5370:
5368:
5359:
5357:Serbo-Croatian
5353:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5188:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5104:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5083:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4989:
4987:
4978:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:Italian Hebrew
4859:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:South Tyrolean
4805:
4800:
4794:
4792:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4712:
4710:
4708:Serbo-Croatian
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4619:
4617:
4608:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4528:Rhaeto-Romance
4521:
4519:Rhaeto-Romance
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4376:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4325:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4302:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4220:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3773:
3763:
3762:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3642:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3585:
3570:
3559:
3533:
3512:
3472:
3466:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3418:
3406:
3388:
3361:
3349:
3332:
3315:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3213:
3201:
3167:
3155:
3120:
3107:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3045:
3030:
3013:The consonant
3011:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:'to put down'
2990:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2920:
2888:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2737:
2727:'lazy person'
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2554:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2396:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2255:'thrown away'
2233:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2212:Pronunciation
2210:
2207:
2204:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:meglȁ / mègla
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1906:
1903:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1453:
1450:
1329:) turned into
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1146:The consonant
1144:
1117:
1106:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1010:
997:
990:
983:
981:
973:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
931:
930:
928:
919:
917:
915:
907:
906:
899:
892:
885:
883:
876:
870:
869:
860:
858:
851:
844:
836:
835:
828:
826:
819:
812:
805:
799:
798:
791:
789:
782:
775:
769:
768:
763:
758:
747:
742:
706:
703:
694:
691:
683:
682:
665:
648:
622:
619:
581:
578:
546:Alpine Slovene
525:
522:
397:
394:
361:branch of the
350:
349:Classification
347:
299:Nadiža dialect
256:
255:
246:
238:
237:
232:
226:
225:
222:
214:
213:
212:Language codes
209:
208:
195:
193:
188:
185:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:Writing system
167:
164:
163:
162:
161:
158:
153:
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
96:
94:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
63:
59:
58:
49:
48:Native to
45:
44:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5622:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5523:
5522:Gottscheerish
5519:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5308:
5307:Sevnica-Krško
5304:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5268:South Pohorje
5266:
5264:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5249:Upper Savinja
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5172:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5000:
4999:Kranjska Gora
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4912:
4908:
4897:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4754:Italiot Greek
4751:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4726:Slavomolisano
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4592:
4581:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Judeo-Italian
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4438:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:Gallo-Romance
4098:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:Vivaro-Alpine
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:Italo-Romance
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3615:
3603:
3588:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3544:
3536:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3467:961-6182-18-8
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3427:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3259:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3189:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3159:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3072:
3046:
3031:
3020:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:'completely'
2663:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:Example word
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2180:
2175:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:Instrumental
1877:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1782:
1780:Instrumental
1779:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1688:
1686:Instrumental
1685:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:Instrumental
1584:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:turned into *
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1369:in the east.
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:and syllabic
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:. The vowel *
1288:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1119:Similarly to
1118:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
998:
995:
991:
988:
984:
982:
979:
975:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
938:
936:
932:
929:
925:
920:
918:
916:
913:
909:
908:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
886:
884:
881:
877:
875:
871:
866:
861:
859:
856:
852:
849:
845:
842:
838:
837:
833:
829:
827:
824:
820:
817:
813:
810:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
790:
787:
783:
780:
776:
774:
770:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:
751:
748:
746:
743:
740:
734:
730:
722:
714:
702:
700:
690:
688:
675:
670:
666:
658:
653:
649:
641:
636:
632:
631:
630:
627:
618:
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
577:
570:
559:
552:
547:
521:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:Karst dialect
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
281:
277:
273:
268:
263:
244:
239:
233:
231:
227:
223:
220:
215:
210:
206:
194:
186:
181:
178:
175:
171:
165:
159:
156:
155:
154:
150:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:Indo-European
95:
91:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
36:Pronunciation
34:
30:
25:
20:
5087:Šavrin Hills
5044:
5040:Torre Valley
4911:
4888:Sinte Romani
4698:Torre Valley
4687:
4646:South Slavic
4591:Italy portal
4283:Vallassinese
4164:Gallo-Italic
3700:
3646:
3635:
3590:. Retrieved
3575:
3564:
3516:
3476:
3449:
3445:
3435:Bibliography
3421:
3409:
3398:. Retrieved
3370:
3364:
3352:
3306:
3294:
3282:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3187:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3137:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3067:
3005:
2982:
2959:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2865:
2842:
2819:
2796:
2773:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2729:
2721:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2672:
2649:
2626:
2603:
2580:
2573:
2562:
2549:
2541:
2518:
2495:
2488:
2477:
2464:
2456:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2412:
2404:
2391:
2386:
2378:
2355:
2348:
2337:
2324:
2316:
2293:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2249:
2241:
2240:'what kind'
2225:
2217:
2176:
2161:
2116:ponedẹ̑ljek
2111:
2092:
2073:
2069:konác, kónc
2054:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1796:
1704:
1604:
1561:
1557:
1497:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1444:
1440:
1439:turned into
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:turned into
1420:
1418:
1413:
1412:turned into
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1361:turned into
1358:
1354:
1353:turned into
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:turned into
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1166:
1143:'grassland'.
761:Postalveolar
753:
708:
696:
684:
645:/aːɛːiːɔːuː/
628:
624:
586:pitch accent
583:
527:
502:San Leonardo
399:
375:
359:South Slavic
352:
335:Brda dialect
327:Soča dialect
298:
261:
259:
130:
113:South Slavic
103:Balto-Slavic
5437:Montenegrin
5142:Škofja Loka
5007:Jaun Valley
4993:Gail Valley
4896:Wenzhounese
4721:Montenegrin
4668:Gail Valley
4469:Piedmontese
4373:Bergamasque
4019:Campidanese
3860:Beneventano
3827:Marchigiano
3759:Wenzhounese
3610:|work=
3551:|work=
3497:|work=
3442:Logar, Tine
3345:Šekli (2007
3328:Logar (1996
3311:Logar (1996
3287:Šekli (2018
3275:Logar (1996
3246:Logar (1996
3234:Šekli (2018
3209:Šekli (2018
3163:Logar (1996
3047:The letter
3019:spirantized
2641:'birthday'
2595:'returned'
2285:'approach'
2247:'for free'
2158:Orthography
1853:Accusative
1817:Nominative
1758:Accusative
1725:Nominative
1661:Accusative
1625:Nominative
1554:Accusative
1518:Nominative
1015:Approximant
5599:Categories
5457:Macedonian
5398:Shtokavian
4985:Carinthian
4414:Parmigiano
4206:Tabarchino
4196:Monégasque
4024:Logudorese
3943:Manduriano
3806:Florentine
3400:2022-03-19
3089:References
3064:Regulation
2974:'to bend'
2951:'problem'
2902:'at noon'
2857:'to wash'
2644:kompleàno
2568:'to lick'
2403:'burning'
1905:Vocabulary
1775:-ih / -ah
1496:Masculine
1464:-stem and
1452:Morphology
1268:Diphthongs
1137:'grass' →
705:Consonants
621:Diacritics
492:Purgessimo
5547:Hungarian
5366:Chakavian
5343:Prekmurje
5320:Pannonian
4655:Slovenian
4505:Triestine
4442:languages
4428:Forlivese
4407:Bolognese
4253:Legnanese
4191:Intemelio
4136:Valdôtain
4079:Mentonasc
4055:Algherese
4011:Sardinian
4002:Sardinian
3988:Sassarese
3983:Gallurese
3971:languages
3937:Salentino
3909:Tarantino
3880:Cosentino
3837:Romanesco
3751:Sardinian
3612:ignored (
3602:cite book
3553:ignored (
3543:cite book
3521:Ljubljana
3499:ignored (
3489:cite book
3481:Ljubljana
3454:Ljubljana
3376:Ljubljana
3347::409–410)
3277::148–150)
3236::326–328)
3211::327–328)
3021:version,
2910:'falcon'
2834:'hornet'
2811:'cheese'
2687:'common'
2667:popùnoma
2638:kompleano
2510:'garden'
2489:gjàndola
2451:frùoštih
2448:'zajtrk'
2422:guarènje
2373:nadlùoga
2370:'menace'
2336:'hungry'
2308:'sucker'
2264:zavȧržen
2141:gjàndola
2136:'garden'
2121:'Monday'
2107:pandèjak
2064:'cheese'
2014:'pigeon'
1999:'candle'
1867:Locative
1831:Genitive
1806:Singular
1769:Locative
1736:Genitive
1714:Singular
1703:Feminine
1675:Locative
1639:Genitive
1614:Singular
1603:Feminine
1574:Locative
1532:Genitive
1527:-i / -je
1507:Singular
1443:and into
1392:). Short
941:voiceless
935:Fricative
880:voiceless
874:Affricate
809:voiceless
693:Phonology
669:dot above
657:á é í ó ú
640:à è ì ò ù
482:Sanguarzo
450:), up to
286:nadiščina
219:ISO 639-3
121:Slovenian
77:Ethnicity
5563:Albanian
5516:Bavarian
5499:Germanic
5422:Croatian
5388:Southern
5380:Čičarija
5333:Prlekija
5206:Čabranka
5127:Črni Vrh
5056:Banjšice
5027:Littoral
4798:Cimbrian
4790:Bavarian
4716:Croatian
4623:Arbëresh
4606:Albanian
4547:Cadorino
4536:Friulian
4492:Venetian
4483:Venetian
4422:Romagnol
4350:Cremunés
4343:Novarese
4322:Varesino
4313:Ossolano
4306:Ticinese
4299:Milanese
4290:Lecchese
4173:Ligurian
3978:Corsican
3957:Pantesco
3951:Sicilian
3891:Arianese
3885:Irpinian
3875:Cilentan
3832:Marinese
3731:Germanic
3727:Friulian
3715:Croatian
3707:Albanian
3592:9 August
3394:Archived
3148:6 August
3000:odlùožt
2765:'spicy'
2720:'wrong'
2661:popunoma
2598:uȧrnjen
2572:zmìešan
2561:'mixed'
2536:komìcih
2533:'rally'
2483:'gland'
2480:gjandola
2445:fruoštih
2424:sparjèt
2410:'stuck'
2400:guarenje
2367:nadluoga
2311:lizàvac
2261:zastònj
2252:zavaržen
2206:Phoneme
2151:'gland'
1989:kandèla
1974:kakùoša
1951:Writing
1945:Writing
1940:Meaning
1911:Friulian
1820:-o / -e
1577:-u / -e
1535:-a / -u
1305:. Long *
1097:Palatal
755:alveolar
679:/ăɛ̆ɔ̆ŭ/
674:ȧ ė ȯ u̇
512:Masseris
507:Podutana
462:Kolovrat
422:Alberone
410:Natisone
382:Friulian
339:Friulian
235:sl-nedis
152:Dialects
81:Slovenes
68:valley (
66:Natisone
56:Slovenia
5489:Italian
5481:Romance
5432:Serbian
5427:Bosnian
5374:Central
5255:Solčava
5236:Styrian
5216:Kočevje
5137:Poljane
5074:Istrian
4976:Slovene
4843:Yiddish
4803:Mòcheno
4678:Istrian
4401:Emilian
4380:Cremish
4359:Spasell
4269:Comasco
4216:Lombard
4186:Genoese
4181:Brigasc
4147:Cellese
4065:Occitan
4047:Catalan
3914:Vastese
3899:Molisan
3815:Central
3780:Italian
3755:Slovene
3743:Occitan
3711:Catalan
3416::19–28)
3359::45–58)
3194:June 8,
3188:Fran.si
2994:odluožt
2954:težàva
2924:opudàn
2922:težkùo
2895:'hard'
2837:saršén
2741:lenobá
2739:naròbe
2735:'herd'
2690:skùpen
2621:kómpit
2618:'work'
2592:uarnjen
2558:zmiešan
2530:komicih
2513:ǧardìn
2476:'fire'
2407:sparjet
2349:ardèč
2305:lizavac
2288:blìžat
2259:kàjšan
2244:zastonj
2203:Letter
2146:žlẹ́za
2126:ǧardìn
2112:(east)
2110:(west)
2093:(east)
2091:(west)
2074:(east)
2072:(west)
2055:(east)
2053:(west)
2045:'fire'
2009:golọ̑b
1994:svẹ́ča
1979:kokọ̑š
1969:'goat'
1915:Italian
1842:Dative
1812:Plural
1795:Neuter
1747:Dative
1720:Plural
1678:- / -i
1653:- / -i
1650:Dative
1620:Plural
1543:Dative
1513:Plural
1484:-, and
1389:Strmica
1383:Matajur
1345:, and *
1297:, and *
1185:Central
1140:tràunik
1048:lateral
1021:central
803:Plosive
662:/aɛiɔu/
510:), and
497:Prešnje
442:Erbezzo
440:), and
432:Cosizza
414:Slovene
301:, is a
291:Italian
272:Slovene
5568:Romani
5539:Uralic
5508:German
5462:Slovak
5338:Haloze
5274:Kozjak
5211:Kostel
5132:Horjul
5122:Cerkno
5108:Tolmin
5080:Rižana
5012:Mežica
4967:Slavic
4882:Romani
4863:Hebrew
4856:Others
4838:Walser
4781:German
4693:Resian
4554:Fornes
4500:Fiuman
4336:Pavese
4276:Laghée
4237:Canzés
4201:Royasc
4141:Faetar
4118:Aostan
4110:French
4087:Niçard
3865:Barese
3842:Sabino
3798:Tuscan
3747:Romani
3719:French
3583:
3531:
3464:
3386:
3071:akanye
2948:težava
2930:debèu
2927:saku̇
2918:'fat'
2899:opudan
2892:težkuo
2831:saršen
2788:'raw'
2768:pekòč
2724:lenoba
2717:narobe
2684:skupen
2615:kompit
2574:lizàt
2507:ǧardin
2487:ogìnj
2347:làčan
2343:'red'
2282:bližat
2237:kajšan
2193:, and
2102:'red'
2088:ardèč
2083:'end'
2078:kónec
2040:ógenj
2035:ogìnj
2030:'fog'
2019:maglá
2004:golòb
1984:'hen'
1799:-stem
1707:-stem
1607:-stem
1500:-stem
1374:akanye
1163:Vowels
978:voiced
912:voiced
841:voiced
766:Dorsal
750:Dental
745:Labial
725:, and
614:mə̀gla
580:Accent
517:Mašere
487:Šenčur
466:Ukanje
437:Kozica
427:Aborna
418:Nadiža
390:Resian
315:Resian
297:), or
251:
202:
108:Slavic
62:Region
5467:Czech
5450:Other
5293:Laško
5174:Selca
5100:Rovte
5050:Karst
4767:Griko
4745:Greek
4683:Karst
4561:Nones
4541:Ladin
3739:Ladin
3735:Greek
3448:[
3330::254)
3313::7–9)
3289::326)
3260::108)
3248::148)
3184:(PDF)
3142:(PDF)
3082:krias
3076:kries
3038:/t͡ɕ/
3034:/t͡ʃ/
2977:zvìt
2915:debeu
2860:pràt
2791:sarù
2762:pekoč
2744:trȯp
2565:lizat
2501:/d͡ʒ/
2473:oginj
2427:tėšč
2340:ardeč
2333:lačan
2326:/t͡ɕ/
2322:/t͡ʃ/
2299:/t͡s/
2181:plus
2097:rdȅč
1964:kóza
1959:kozá
1809:Dual
1717:Dual
1617:Dual
1510:Dual
1301:into
1197:Close
1180:Front
1134:tràva
773:Nasal
687:caron
677:(IPA
660:(IPA
652:acute
643:(IPA
635:grave
612:*
607:məglȁ
605:*
598:*
591:*
574:/t͡s/
567:*
563:/t͡ʃ/
556:*
549:*
474:Livek
447:Arbeč
404:, in
402:Italy
205:Italy
177:Latin
52:Italy
5114:Bača
5064:Brda
5035:Soča
4663:Brda
3621:link
3614:help
3594:2022
3581:ISBN
3555:help
3529:ISBN
3525:SAZU
3508:link
3501:help
3462:ISBN
3458:SAZU
3384:ISBN
3380:SAZU
3301::22)
3196:2020
3165::11)
3150:2022
3057:/u̯/
3036:and
2971:zvit
2907:saku
2885:/u̯/
2871:/uː/
2854:prat
2814:sér
2785:saru
2732:trop
2710:/ɔ̆/
2701:/ɔː/
2547:/iː/
2415:tešč
2393:/ɛ̆/
2384:/ɛː/
2223:/aː/
2168:/dʒ/
2131:vȓt
2059:sȉr
2050:sér
1954:IPA
1948:IPA
1913:and
1887:-am
1884:-mi
1881:-an
1873:-ih
1848:-an
1786:-mi
1783:-jo
1753:-in
1692:-am
1681:-ah
1656:-an
1594:-mi
1591:-an
1588:-an
1580:-ah
1549:-an
1333:and
1250:Open
1190:Back
1156:/tʃ/
1154:and
1152:/tɕ/
1148:/tɕ/
1127:and
1112:and
1110:/dʒ/
1076:Flap
667:The
650:The
633:The
600:žèna
593:ženȁ
532:and
388:and
369:and
260:The
230:IETF
3079:or
3053:/u/
3023:/ɣ/
3015:/g/
2988:/ʒ/
2983:Ž ž
2965:/z/
2960:Z z
2942:/ʋ/
2937:V v
2880:/ŭ/
2875:/u/
2866:U u
2848:/t/
2843:T t
2825:/ʃ/
2820:Š š
2808:ser
2802:/s/
2797:S s
2779:/r/
2774:R r
2756:/p/
2751:P p
2705:/ɔ/
2696:O o
2678:/n/
2673:N n
2655:/m/
2650:M m
2632:/l/
2627:L l
2609:/k/
2604:K k
2586:/j/
2581:J j
2551:/i/
2542:I i
2524:/x/
2519:H h
2496:Ǧ ǧ
2466:/ɡ/
2462:/ɣ/
2457:G g
2439:/f/
2434:F f
2388:/ɛ/
2379:E e
2361:/d/
2356:D d
2317:Č č
2294:C c
2276:/b/
2271:B b
2230:/ă/
2227:/a/
2218:A a
2027:/
1870:-e
1862:-a
1859:-i
1856:-o
1845:-u
1834:-a
1826:-a
1823:-i
1772:-i
1764:-i
1750:-i
1739:-i
1731:-i
1689:-o
1670:-e
1667:-i
1664:-o
1642:-e
1634:-e
1631:-i
1628:-a
1569:-e
1566:-a
1562:gen
1560:or
1558:nom
1546:-u
1524:-a
1480:-,
1410:ję-
1400:or
1359:r̥̄
1351:ł̥̄
1341:, *
1325:, *
1321:, *
1317:, *
1220:Mid
1129:/l/
1125:/v/
1121:/l/
1114:/g/
1103:/j/
1099:/ʎ/
542:/n/
538:/m/
534:/ʎ/
530:/ə/
520:).
500:),
490:),
470:Lig
430:),
5601::
3757:,
3753:,
3749:,
3745:,
3741:,
3737:,
3733:,
3729:,
3725:,
3721:,
3717:,
3713:,
3709:,
3705::
3606::
3604:}}
3600:{{
3547::
3545:}}
3541:{{
3527:.
3493::
3491:}}
3487:{{
3392:.
3335:^
3318:^
3265:^
3186:.
3170:^
3123:^
3085:.
2197::
2189:,
2185:,
1925:.
1837:-
1761:-
1742:-
1728:-
1645:-
1538:-
1521:-
1433:č́
1429:t’
1416:.
1367:ər
1363:ar
1355:uː
1343:ū'
1335:oː
1331:eː
1319:ę̄
1311:aː
1307:ə̄
1303:uo
1295:ie
1291:ě̄
1237:)
1070:)
1004:~
927:)
924:dʒ
903:tɕ
896:tʃ
889:ts
868:)
752:/
729:tɕ
717:,
681:).
664:).
647:).
610:→
596:→
569:t’
551:t’
480:,
416::
392:.
293::
289:;
283:,
274::
270:;
54:,
4951:e
4944:t
4937:v
3677:e
3670:t
3663:v
3639:,
3623:)
3616:)
3596:.
3557:)
3537:.
3510:)
3503:)
3470:.
3403:.
3198:.
3152:.
3059:.
3044:.
3029:.
1899:i
1797:o
1705:i
1605:a
1498:o
1486:n
1482:t
1478:s
1474:v
1470:j
1466:i
1462:a
1458:o
1445:x
1441:ɣ
1437:g
1425:j
1421:ĺ
1414:i
1406:ə
1402:i
1398:a
1394:ə
1378:i
1347:ā
1339:ī
1327:ǭ
1323:ò
1315:ē
1299:ō
1287:ò
1258:a
1242:ɔ
1234:ə
1231:(
1226:ɛ
1212:u
1203:i
1105:.
1084:ɾ
1067:ʎ
1064:(
1057:l
1039:j
1028:ʋ
1007:ɦ
1001:ɣ
994:ʒ
987:z
969:x
962:ʃ
955:s
948:f
921:(
865:ɡ
862:(
855:d
848:b
832:k
823:t
816:p
795:ɲ
786:n
779:m
731:/
727:/
723:/
721:ʎ
719:/
715:/
713:ɲ
711:/
558:č
514:(
504:(
494:(
484:(
454:(
444:(
434:(
424:(
412:(
224:–
72:)
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