1222:
1143:
679:
919:
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405:). Their main objectives are preserving fauna and flora and other natural attributes, excluding direct human interference. Visits are allowed only with permission, and only for educational or scientific purposes. Changes to the ecosystems in both types of reserve are allowed to restore and preserve the natural balance, biological diversity and natural ecological processes. Ecological stations are also allowed to change the environment within strictly defined limits (e.g. affecting no more than three percent of the area or 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres), whichever is less) for the purpose of scientific research. A
47:
1415:
989:'s national parks are declared historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated and maintained by the National Nature and Parks Authority. As of 2019, Israel maintains more than 490 nature reserves that protect 2,500 species of indigenous wild plants, 20 species of fish, 530 species of birds and 70 species of mammals. In total, they cover 6,400 km (2,500 sq mi) of nature reserves, approximately 28% of the country's land area. In 1984, the two areas with the highest number of nature reserves were the South (15.2%) and
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300:
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614:
701:
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158:
3525:
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the objectives of the unit are compatible with the landowners' usage of the land and natural resources. Public visits are subject to the conditions and restrictions established by the management plan of the unit and are subject to authorisation by and regulations of the main administrative and scientific research body.
637:
the fishponds. One of the most spectacular sights of the park is the autumn migration of cranes. Some famous
Hungarian animal species live in Hortobágy National Park, such as the grey cattle, racka long-wool sheep living only in Hungary, Hungarian horses and buffalo. Hortobágy National Park has been a UNESCO
636:
is the largest continuous natural grassland in Europe and the oldest national park in
Hungary. It is situated on the eastern part of Hungary, on the plain of the Alföld. It was established in 1972. There are alkaline grasslands interrupted by marshes. They have a sizable importance because there are
441:
which cover 12% of
Egyptian land. Those nature reserves were built according to the laws no. 102/1983 and 4/1994 for protection of the Egyptian nature reserve. Egypt announced a plan from to build 40 nature reserves from 1997 to 2017, to help protect the natural resources and the culture and history
1001:
Under the Nature
Conservation Law, places can be designated as 'wilderness areas', 'nature conservation areas' and 'prefectural nature conservation areas'. In 1995, when the Japanese Government published its information in English, there were 5 wilderness areas, 10 nature conservation areas and 516
885:
in
England. They range from windswept coastal headlands, ancient woodlands and flower-rich meadows to former inner-city railways, long-abandoned landfill sites and industrial areas now re-colonized by wildlife. In total, they cover almost 40,000 ha (99,000 acres)—a natural resource which makes
412:
Wildlife refuges in Brazil have as their objective the protection of natural flora and fauna where conditions are assured for the existence and reproduction of species or communities of the local flora and the resident or migratory fauna. The refuges can consist of privately owned land, as long as
184:
in the 3rd century BC,Anuradhapura
Ancient Kingdom. Early reservations often had a religious underpinning, such as the 'evil forest' areas of West Africa which were forbidden to humans, who were threatened with spiritual attack if they went there. Sacred areas taboo from human entry to fishing and
730:
Nature reserves are one of the 11 types of protected areas in
Portugal. As of 2012, Portugal had a total of 46 protected areas, which represented 6,807.89 km (2,628.54 sq mi) of land and 463.94 km (179.13 sq mi) of marine surfaces. Among the protected areas, nine are
424:
As a federal government, Canada recognizes 55 National
Wildlife Areas, containing species of ecological significance. This area is protected by legislation known as the Canada Wildlife Act, which is overseen by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change. About half of the habitat is marine
1487:
There are also state-level administered State Nature
Reserves found throughout the country, as well as smaller reserves operated by local governments, private trusts, or even funded through public donations. Private nature reserves also exist, with land excluded from private land trusts and
2167:חוק גנים לאומיים ושמורות טבע תשכ"ג – 1963. 'שמורת טבע' – שטח שבו נשמרים חי, צומח, קרקע, מערות או מים, שיש בהם ענין של מדע או של חנוך, מפני שינויים בלתי רצויים במראם, בהרכבם הביאולוגי או במהלך התפתחותם, וששר הפנים, לפי הצעת שר החקלאות או לאחר התיעצות אתו, הכריז עליו ברשומות שהוא שמורת טבע.
1121:
administers more than 80,000 square kilometres (31,000 sq mi)—nearly 30% of the nation's total area—with at least some degree of protection. This land is composed of 14 National Parks, 30 Conservation Parks, and approximately 8,900 discrete areas of land in total.
1024:, was founded. RSCN's first efforts involved bringing back severely endangered species. In 1973, RSCN was given the right to issue hunting licenses, giving RSCN an upper hand in preventing extinction. The first step was the founding of Jordan's first nature reserve,
1174:
that cover 22,422 km (8,657 sq mi), about 17.3% of the nation's landmass. Private nature reserves exist with land excluded from private land trusts and maintained at the sole cost of the proprietor. For example, O Parks, WildLife, and
Recreation, Or
1445:. The National Wildlife Refuge System includes areas administered for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, as well as wildlife ranges, game ranges, wildlife management areas, and waterfowl production areas.
897:
Through the Natural Heritage (Scotland) Act 1991 the Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) was established in 1992 as a government body, responsible to the Scottish Government Ministers and through them to the Scottish Parliament. At 31 March 2008, there were 65
1166:(MARENA) is in charge of environmental protection and of the study, planning, and management of Nicaragua's natural resources. Nearly one-fifth of the territory is designated as protected areas like national parks, nature reserves (including the
428:
Nature Conservancy Canada, Ducks Unlimited, and Escarpment Biosphere Conservancy, among others, protect nature reserves in Canada as well. As part of Canada's Ecological Gifts Program, these charities protect wilderness on privately owned lands.
1406:, was a sanctuary for wildlife, probably the first of its generation in the ancient world. According to stone inscriptions found in the vicinity, the king commanded the people not to harm animals or destroy trees within the area.
2109:
2061:
972:'s 18 biospheres extend over a total of 85,940 km (33,180 sq mi) and protect larger areas than typical national parks in other countries. The first national reserve of India was established in 1986.
1674:
1134:, a comparatively new concept in wildlife preservation, pioneered in New Zealand to help rebuild the populations of nearly extinct birds, and other species that are heavily threatened by introduced predators.
1865:
1129:
is specifically defined in the Reserves Act to mean a reserve that prioritizes the protection of rare flora and fauna, to the extent that public access is by permit only. Some of these reserves include
592:
1099:
to different amenities such as scenery, recreation, flora and fauna, scientific value, or history. Land is often sub-categorised beneath its general classification, as defined in law between the
1095:, various types of conservation areas (including stewardship land that is yet to be officially classified), and seven specific types of "reserve", each of which prioritize various degrees of
605:) covering 6,845 km (2,643 sq mi), the largest total areas being in Bavaria with 1,416 km (547 sq mi) and Lower Saxony with 1,275 km (492 sq mi).
1782:
519:. The first of them was established in 1909. There are almost 4,000 nature reserves in Sweden. They comprise about 85% of the surface that is protected by the Swedish Environmental Code.
499:
and several nature reserves, some of them inside the national park areas. The largest single reserve is Hanstholm Nature Reserve, which covers 40 km (9,900 acres) and is part of
248:
as "one of the first people anywhere to recognise not only that the natural world was of great importance but that it needed protection as humanity made more and more demands on it".
1866:"Brazil 2000. Federal Law Nº 9.985 of 07/18/2000. Regulates article 225 of the Federal Constitution and institutes the National System of Units of Conservation and other provisions"
2117:
1647:
2469:
2053:
1390:, have been declared a special nature reserve. It is a highly protected area from which all human activity is excluded, except for conservation and scientific research.
1678:
1918:
783:
There are 4 biosphere reserves (two of them are dated 1927 and 1874) and 17 nature reserves in Ukraine, covering 160,000 ha (400,000 acres). Ukraine administers
365:
used in those states and territories rather than by a single national statute. As of 2016, 1767 out of a total of 11044 protected areas listed within the Australian
1275:
has in practice become a wildlife refuge since very few people live in the area. Wildlife has flourished in the zone since the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986.
935:
The biosphere reserves of Iran have a total land area of 1.64 million km. The "reserves" support more than 8,000 recorded species of plants (almost 2,421 are
1872:
1838:
1379:, Sanbona and Lalibela. The country currently has 20 national parks covering 3,700,000 ha (37,000 km), about 3% of the total area of South Africa.
903:
1221:
1935:
1774:
1333:
South Africa is well known for its many nature reserves. The oldest nature reserve in the country (and oldest conservation area in the world) is the
1163:
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era. There are also natural protected areas where only certain species are protected, or only certain activities are prohibited; those are known as
323:
monitors and aids in various facilities to care for exotic wildlife. The number of sanctuaries has substantially increased over the past few years.
2301:
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in East Sussex, where a network of footpaths enables visitors to explore shingle, saltmarsh, saline lagoon, reedbed, and grazing marsh habitats.
2005:
575:
1817:
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Cultural practices that roughly equate to the establishment and maintenance of reserved areas for animals date back to antiquity, with King
2331:
1899:
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and enacted in California state law in 1870 as the first government owned refuge. The first federally owned refuge in the United States is
1364:
1252:) in Russia, covering some 330,000 km (130,000 sq mi), or about 1.4% of the country's total area. A few of them predate the
1021:
378:
2376:
1752:
1150:
is the second largest rainforest in the Western Hemisphere, after the Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. Located northeast of the city of
1621:
1187:
firefighter Kevin Michael Shea, who purchased 46 acres (0.19 km) of land for the purpose of restoring the ecological system of a
1651:
907:
2271:
2183:
1457:
1438:
1434:
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The Niagara Escarpment and the St. Lawrence River in Ontario are among the 18 nature reserves recognized by UNESCO in Canada.
1727:
1709:
1579:
1107:
834:. Nearly every rural county has at least one. Many national nature reserves contain nationally important populations of rare
678:
1142:
2240:
1915:
1516:
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771:
There are 15 National Parks, and around 90 Natural Parks in Spain. Spain is the country with the most sites listed in the
815:
772:
899:
536:
682:
668:
3292:
2160:
1352:, which was announced in 1898, and is the largest, at nearly 2,000,000 ha (20,000 km). The Kruger Park and
1084:
784:
629:
550:, more than 100 nature reserves, and around 130 landscape protection areas. The largest nature reserve in Estonia is
547:
496:
2916:
1571:
1180:
1066:) in Kyrgyzstan covering 600,000 hectares (6,000 km) or about three percent of the total area of the country.
567:
516:
1936:
https://web.archive.org/web/20171020083934/http://www.landscapeonline.de/wp-content/uploads/DOI103097-LO201545.pdf
1844:
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About 5.18% of the area of Romania has a protected status (12,360 km (4,770 sq mi)), including the
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1426:
766:
571:
38:
17:
1376:
1075:
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134:
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was protected as the first state-designated nature reserve in modern-day Germany; the site was bought by the
2985:
2820:
1353:
1324:
1171:
346:
203:. He spent £9000 on the construction of a three-mile long, 9 ft tall wall to enclose his park against
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depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a
2031:
1939:
1167:
1147:
3309:
1986:
1473:
1357:
1080:
964:
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with a total area of 879 km (339 sq mi). The reserves are scattered through England, from
725:
394:
382:
251:
218:
200:
31:
1971:
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is also protected, and hunting is not allowed, but products and by-products from research may be sold.
332:
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1334:
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262:
51:
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2029:
List of Protected areas in Mainland Portugal, Portuguese Forest and Nature Conservation Institute:
1807:
1599:
1442:
1272:
1096:
55:
1306:
1028:, in 1975. The primary purpose was to create means to breed endangered species, specifically: the
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3017:
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1501:
1242:
871:
366:
278:
214:
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There are several national and international organizations that oversee the numerous non-profit
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3135:
1342:
266:
146:
2209:
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1313:
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1113:
867:
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3075:
3012:
2830:
2651:
1625:
1349:
882:
483:
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118:
46:
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with a total area of approximately 1,330 km (510 sq mi). Section 21 of the
709:
8:
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3314:
3302:
3192:
3145:
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2602:
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2300:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, Division of Refuge Planning, Mountain-Prairie Region.
2263:
2054:"Áreas protegidas e Rede Natura ocupavam quase um quarto de Portugal continental em 2010"
1188:
732:
664:
638:
398:
386:
270:
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institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research
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campaign to improve the country. At the time, setting aside land for wildlife was not a
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3177:
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2179:
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Although the most public land is strongly protected for natural preservation, the term
705:
601:
245:
181:
787:, 2632 habitat management areas, 3025 nature monuments, and 1430 other preservations.
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3388:
2852:
2758:
2731:
2578:
2528:
2464:
2418:
2156:
1997:
1958:
1705:
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maintained at the sole cost of the proprietor, such as the 1,800 acres (730 ha)
1200:
1131:
1101:
500:
358:
299:
244:
from Italy. Waterton allowed local people access to his reserve and was described by
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and refuges to provide a general system for sanctuaries to follow. Among them, the
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Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation, and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia
1053:
596:
350:
308:
282:
233:
229:
207:. He tried to encourage bird life by planting trees and hollowing out trunks for
30:"Biological reserve" redirects here. For use of the term specific to Brazil, see
2232:
1441:, is responsible for managing many of the federal nature reserves including the
1288:
1020:. In 1966 the organization that would later start Jordan's nature reserves, the
37:"Biosphere reserve" redirects here. For use of the term specific to UNESCO, see
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3481:
3469:
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2001:
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The first North American wildlife refuge, Lake Merritt Wildlife sanctuary at
656:
446:(35,600 square kilometres (13,700 sq mi)) in the southeast, on the
532:
291:
set up by a federal government entirely for the scientific study of nature.
3541:
3529:
3464:
3162:
3120:
2896:
2847:
2783:
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2543:
1449:
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are two of South Africa's most visited tourist attractions, along with the
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1029:
887:
859:
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has a concentration of plants that is greater than anywhere else on earth.
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Unofficial sanctuaries can also occur as a result of human accidents; the
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1367:, including four natural sites and one mixed site. And it has provincial
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or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of
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to further support the needs of the National Wildlife Refuge System in
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in northern Eritrea specifically to protect significant populations of
443:
287:
241:
189:
188:
The world's first modern nature reserve was established in 1821 by the
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gives local authorities the exclusive statutory power to establish a
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757:, which makes up half of this area (2.43% of Romania's total area).
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2182:. Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. 31 March 1995.
1338:
1151:
1033:
936:
831:
804:
618:
354:
225:
204:
193:
157:
122:
632:, more than 15 nature reserves and more than 250 protected areas.
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27:
Protected area for flora, fauna or features of geological interest
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2114:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
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2685:
2483:
2148:
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1813:
1781:. Australian Government – Department of the Environment. 2014.
1422:
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851:
835:
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274:
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The country has many national parks but the best-known is the
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969:
808:
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110:
106:
102:
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1675:"Sir David Attenborough will open city centre's new museum"
1537: – Place where an organism is protected from predation
1196:
1184:
940:
922:
855:
843:
839:
141:. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as
3029:
2673:
1775:"Terrestrial Protected Areas in Australia by Type (2014)"
1546:
1091:
New Zealand has a variety of types of reserve, including
208:
2087:
1595:
1472:
right of the president. In 2006, a bi-partisan group of
795:
There are some differences between the regulations for
486:, an early Bulgarian nature reserve established in 1934
442:
of those areas. The largest nature reserve in Egypt is
361:. The term "nature reserve" is defined in the relevant
149:
in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.
185:
hunting are known by many ancient cultures worldwide.
3453:
1247:
1179:
Private Wildlife Reserve, was established within the
904:
National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949
1837:
258:
State in 1836 to protect it from further quarrying.
1531: – A forest which protects from natural hazard
425:habitat, and the remainder is terrestrial habitat.
2205:
1560:
1052:By the end of 2009 there were 10 nature reserves (
121:and to provide special opportunities for study or
1767:
1672:
1596:"Sri Lanka Wildlife Conservation Society (SLWCS)"
1337:that was established in 1892 in the capital city
1164:Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
377:In Brazil, nature reserves are classified by the
3549:
1843:, ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, archived from
1543: – Connecting wild territories for animals
1256:of 1917, but most have been created during the
369:used the term "nature reserve" in their names.
180:Wildlife sanctuary,one of the world's earliest
2264:"Mihintale – The first sanctuary in the world"
1704:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 29.
1312:With ≈9000 plant species found in ≈78km², the
458:On 16 March 1959, the British established the
2370:
1386:, which are South African territories in the
716:As of 2011, Poland has 1469 nature reserves.
341:, a nature reserve is the title of a type of
164:established the first nature reserve in 1821.
2261:
1996:. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny: 277.
1984:
1061:
1022:Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
379:National System of Nature Conservation Units
240:; and unsuccessfully attempted to introduce
554:, which covers 342 km (85,000 acres).
2377:
2363:
1978:
1170:), and biological reserves. Nicaragua has
2138:
1802:
1800:
814:At the end of March 2004, there were 215
2224:
1513:, a proposal to increase global coverage
1413:
1220:
1141:
1079:
917:
699:
677:
612:
526:
473:
298:
213:
156:
45:
2141:קום התהלך בארץ: מדריך שמורות טבע בישראל
1458:Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge
1329:List of protected areas of South Africa
1002:prefectural nature conservation areas.
886:an important contribution to England's
14:
3550:
2230:
1797:
1699:
1673:Wakefield Express (23 February 2013).
1345:and current Republic of South Africa.
1232:There are around 100 nature reserves (
133:. Nature reserves fall into different
2384:
2358:
2233:"Wildlife defies Chernobyl radiation"
2212:from the original on 18 December 2014
1693:
685:, one of two national parks in Kosovo
3578:Types of formally designated forests
2243:from the original on 5 November 2017
2186:from the original on 30 January 2013
2064:from the original on 4 November 2016
2011:from the original on 20 October 2013
1755:from the original on 8 December 2019
1602:from the original on 28 October 2011
1517:National Wildlife Refuge Association
1478:Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus
2324:"Lake Merritt – Wildlife Sanctuary"
2206:"O Parks, WildLife, and Recreation"
1199:provides a private nature reserve,
1117:. Under these classifications, the
1016:There are seven nature reserves in
816:national nature reserves in England
773:World Network of Biosphere Reserves
303:A forest of the Aulanko Reserve in
294:
261:The first major nature reserve was
24:
2334:from the original on 26 April 2012
2304:from the original on 11 April 2017
2147:] (in Hebrew) (2nd ed.).
2084:"Scottish National Heritage (SNH)"
1549: – Collection of wild animals
1519: – US non-profit organization
25:
3594:
2350:
2231:Mulvey, Stephen (20 April 2006).
1820:from the original on 13 July 2016
1085:Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park
900:Scottish national nature reserves
790:
708:, a famous nature reserve in the
345:used in the jurisdictions of the
3535:
3523:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3438:
3437:
2274:from the original on 7 June 2011
1511: – 2016 book by E.O. Wilson
1409:
1305:
1287:
1181:Mesoamerican Biological Corridor
811:, which are separately managed.
437:There are 30 nature reserves in
2316:
2286:
2255:
2198:
2172:
2132:
2102:
2076:
2046:
2023:
1928:
1909:
1890:
1858:
1831:
1785:from the original on 7 May 2015
1568:The National Atlas of Sri Lanka
1443:National Wildlife Refuge System
1278:
767:List of national parks of Spain
683:Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park
669:Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park
39:Man and the Biosphere Programme
2180:"Nature Conservation in Japan"
1749:Yellowstone Wildlife Sanctuary
1737:
1718:
1666:
1648:"Charles Waterton (1782–1865)"
1640:
1614:
1588:
1435:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1076:Protected areas of New Zealand
1069:
1044:in their natural environment.
910:in consultation with the SNH.
731:classified as nature reserve (
321:American Sanctuary Association
13:
1:
2262:LankaLibrary (11 June 2006).
1553:
1047:
925:, a biosphere reserve in Iran
673:Sharr Mountains National Park
537:Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve
224:Waterton invented artificial
2403:Pollution / quality
2139:Hareuveni, Imanuel (1985).
1393:
1354:Table Mountain National Park
1325:South African National Parks
1137:
854:, and nesting and wintering
347:Australian Capital Territory
326:
125:. They may be designated by
7:
2116:. June 2015. Archived from
1700:Weiner, Douglas R. (1988).
1525: – Type of designation
1495:
1474:US House of Representatives
1358:Addo Elephant National Park
1298:in the Kruger National Park
1248:
1146:Peñas Blancas, part of the
1062:
965:Biosphere reserves of India
726:Protected areas of Portugal
719:
590:had 5,314 nature reserves (
219:Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)
201:Walton Hall, West Yorkshire
32:Biological reserve (Brazil)
10:
3599:
2153:Israel Ministry of Defense
2110:"Islamic Republic of Iran"
1433:In the United States, the
1322:
1214:
1154:in Northeastern Nicaragua.
1119:Department of Conservation
1108:National Parks Act of 1980
1073:
1009:
979:
962:
931:Biosphere reserves of Iran
928:
892:Rye Harbour Nature Reserve
858:. Examples include unique
778:
764:
749:Protected areas of Romania
746:
742:
723:
693:
648:
608:
581:
522:
490:
453:
407:wildlife reserve in Brazil
333:Nature reserve (Australia)
330:
152:
143:ecological protection area
36:
29:
3433:
3374:
3239:
3232:
3113:
2974:Types / location
2973:
2964:
2774:
2569:
2482:
2452:
2401:
2392:
2145:Nature Reserves in Israel
1987:"Ochrona środowiska 2012"
1916:"Sveriges nationalparker"
1897:"Sveriges nationalparker"
1439:Secretary of the Interior
1363:South Africa also has 10
1335:Groenkloof Nature Reserve
1265:
1237:
1226:South Ural Nature Reserve
1210:
1168:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve
1148:Bosawás Biosphere Reserve
1057:
1026:Shaumari Wildlife Reserve
1012:Nature reserves in Jordan
1005:
982:Nature reserves of Israel
975:
881:There are now over 1,050
868:snake's head fritillaries
696:Nature reserves in Poland
689:
667:. The national parks are
659:, 11 nature reserves, 99
651:Protected areas of Kosovo
644:
557:
552:Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve
506:
469:
416:
372:
263:Yellowstone National Park
52:Jefferson Memorial Forest
2140:
1985:Dariusz Bochenek (ed.).
1906:, Retrieved 16 July 2021
1504: – Forest in France
1476:members established the
1427:UNESCO biosphere reserve
1273:Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
1114:Conservation Act of 1987
996:
958:
760:
432:
95:nature conservation area
56:National Audubon Society
1925:, Retrieved 14 May 2016
1502:Forest of Fontainebleau
1464:in 1903 as part of his
1460:and was established by
1294:Matjulu waterhole near
913:
872:North Meadow, Cricklade
655:In Kosovo, there are 2
641:since 1 December 1999.
634:Hortobágy National Park
367:National Reserve System
279:Barguzin Nature Reserve
1730:29 August 2021 at the
1430:
1425:, United States, is a
1343:South African Republic
1229:
1155:
1088:
993:(the Shomron, 13.5%).
926:
736:
713:
686:
628:In Hungary, there are
625:
600:
546:In Estonia, there are
543:
487:
402:
390:
312:
267:Wyoming, United States
221:
165:
147:private protected area
59:
50:Bee Lick Creek in the
1725:Directions to Aulanko
1622:"Walton Hall history"
1452:, was established by
1417:
1384:Prince Edward Islands
1314:Cape Floristic Region
1224:
1193:Nicaraguan Revolution
1191:, ravaged during the
1145:
1083:
951:, and 375 species of
921:
883:local nature reserves
703:
681:
616:
572:regional nature parks
530:
477:
302:
277:, Australia, and the
217:
199:around his estate in
160:
49:
3583:Wildlife sanctuaries
3349:remnant natural area
2986:storage and recovery
2652:habitat conservation
2470:Deforestation (REDD)
1574:. 2007. p. 86.
1572:Department of Survey
1365:World Heritage Sites
1350:Kruger National Park
1102:Reserves Act of 1977
908:local nature reserve
890:. A good example is
665:protected landscapes
617:Nature reserve near
497:three national parks
484:Bistrishko Branishte
460:Yob Wildlife Reserve
182:wildlife sanctuaries
3303:Earth Overshoot Day
2877:Marine conservation
2858:non-timber products
2060:. 12 January 2012.
2042:on 4 November 2016.
1921:4 June 2016 at the
1902:10 May 2021 at the
1681:on 26 February 2013
1654:on 17 December 2013
1189:dry tropical forest
639:World Heritage Site
548:five national parks
403:reservas biológicas
395:biological reserves
391:estações ecológicas
383:ecological stations
271:Royal National Park
3288:Ecosystem services
2411:Ambient standards
2268:LankaLibrary Forum
2032:"Áreas Protegidas"
1994:Ochrona Środowiska
1945:on 20 October 2017
1847:on 23 October 2018
1840:Ecological Station
1734:- Nationalparks.fi
1490:Wilbur Hot Springs
1462:Theodore Roosevelt
1431:
1254:October Revolution
1230:
1172:78 protected areas
1156:
1132:Ecological Islands
1089:
939:), 502 species of
927:
714:
706:Szczeliniec Wielki
687:
626:
602:Naturschutzgebiete
544:
488:
317:animal sanctuaries
313:
269:, followed by the
246:David Attenborough
222:
166:
101:of importance for
60:
3451:
3450:
3429:
3428:
3228:
3227:
2907:genetic resources
2843:genetic resources
2478:
2477:
2386:Natural resources
1966:Missing or empty
1812:(in Portuguese),
1711:978-0-8229-5733-1
1628:on 20 August 2010
1581:978-955-9059-04-2
1541:Wildlife corridor
1529:Protection forest
1437:, managed by the
1246:
1201:wildlife corridor
947:, 209 species of
943:, 164 species of
866:and the field of
785:40 national parks
710:Stołowe Mountains
661:natural monuments
630:10 national parks
568:10 national parks
517:30 national parks
501:Thy National Park
359:Western Australia
170:Devanampiya Tissa
113:, or features of
79:biosphere reserve
66:(also known as a
16:(Redirected from
3590:
3540:
3539:
3528:
3527:
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3515:
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3503:
3492:
3491:
3490:
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3479:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3441:
3440:
3392:
3339:Natural heritage
3298:overexploitation
3237:
3236:
2971:
2970:
2917:herbal medicines
2897:FAO Plant Treaty
2437:
2414:
2399:
2398:
2379:
2372:
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2355:
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2136:
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2099:
2097:
2095:
2090:on 18 March 2010
2086:. Archived from
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2038:. Archived from
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2010:
1991:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1938:. Archived from
1932:
1926:
1913:
1907:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1878:on 30 March 2013
1877:
1871:. Archived from
1870:
1862:
1856:
1855:
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1852:
1835:
1829:
1828:
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1735:
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1697:
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1688:
1686:
1677:. Archived from
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1650:. Archived from
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1624:. Archived from
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1570:(2nd ed.).
1564:
1535:Refuge (ecology)
1398:The area around
1309:
1291:
1267:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1065:
1059:
801:Northern Ireland
595:
533:Tarvasjõgi river
295:Around the world
234:western jackdaws
197:Charles Waterton
162:Charles Waterton
21:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3568:Protected areas
3558:Nature reserves
3548:
3547:
3546:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3474:
3462:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3425:
3390:
3370:
3356:Systems ecology
3322:Natural capital
3224:
3109:
3098:reclaimed water
2960:
2922:UPOV Convention
2770:
2565:
2474:
2448:
2444:Ozone depletion
2435:
2412:
2388:
2383:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2328:City of Oakland
2322:
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2317:
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2199:
2189:
2187:
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2155:. p. 482.
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2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1923:Wayback Machine
1914:
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1904:Wayback Machine
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1745:"Accreditation"
1743:
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1732:Wayback Machine
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1042:Persian onagers
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737:reserva natural
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351:New South Wales
335:
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309:Tavastia Proper
297:
285:, the first of
283:Imperial Russia
155:
135:IUCN categories
91:nature preserve
68:wildlife refuge
58:wildlife refuge
42:
35:
28:
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18:Nature preserve
15:
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5:
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3391:(perpetuation)
3386:
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3369:
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3353:
3352:
3351:
3344:Nature reserve
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2821:climate change
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2789:Bioprospecting
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1139:
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1127:nature reserve
1093:national parks
1087:in New Zealand
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2589:peak farmland
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2162:965-05-0193-2
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2135:
2120:on 7 May 2021
2119:
2115:
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2105:
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2085:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2041:
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2026:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
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1941:
1937:
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1420:
1416:
1410:United States
1407:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:game reserves
1366:
1361:
1359:
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1330:
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1315:
1308:
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1206:
1203:and verified
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911:
909:
905:
901:
895:
893:
889:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:alpine plants
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
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806:
802:
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711:
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684:
680:
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579:
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542:
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529:
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518:
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498:
485:
481:
476:
467:
466:in the area.
465:
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227:
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198:
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186:
183:
179:
176:establishing
175:
171:
163:
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136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
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108:
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80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3419: /
3343:
3293:Exploitation
3178:Conservation
3121:Desalination
3056:
2949:conservation
2784:Biodiversity
2732:conservation
2579:Agricultural
2507:Fossil fuels
2336:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2297:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2267:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2236:
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2200:
2190:24 September
2188:. Retrieved
2174:
2166:
2144:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:the original
2113:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2057:
2048:
2040:the original
2035:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
1993:
1980:
1968:|title=
1947:. Retrieved
1940:the original
1930:
1911:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1873:the original
1860:
1849:, retrieved
1845:the original
1839:
1833:
1822:, retrieved
1808:
1789:15 September
1787:. Retrieved
1778:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1748:
1739:
1720:
1701:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1679:the original
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1590:
1567:
1562:
1507:
1486:
1450:Lake Merritt
1447:
1432:
1419:Cascade Head
1397:
1381:
1362:
1347:
1332:
1279:South Africa
1270:
1261:
1258:Soviet Union
1231:
1157:
1126:
1124:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1051:
1030:Arabian oryx
1015:
1000:
985:
968:
934:
896:
888:biodiversity
880:
813:
794:
782:
770:
755:Danube Delta
752:
729:
715:
712:in SW Poland
654:
627:
585:
576:marine parks
570:, around 50
562:As of 2017,
561:
545:
515:, there are
510:
495:Denmark has
494:
457:
436:
427:
423:
420:
411:
376:
336:
314:
286:
260:
250:
238:sand martins
223:
211:to nest in.
187:
167:
142:
131:institutions
119:conservation
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
61:
43:
3506:Environment
3412:Nationalism
3384:Common-pool
3025:Hydrosphere
3018:remediation
3003:Groundwater
2598:Degradation
2338:22 December
2298:www.fws.gov
2247:13 December
2124:19 December
2015:29 December
1949:16 December
1759:26 February
1632:17 December
1523:Nature park
1466:Square Deal
1341:in the old
1296:Berg-en-dal
1183:by retired
1177:El Ostional
1070:New Zealand
953:butterflies
848:butterflies
820:Lindisfarne
623:Lake Naplás
480:stone river
464:Nubian ibex
305:Hämeenlinna
288:zapovedniks
252:Drachenfels
242:little owls
139:nature park
3552:Categories
3407:Extraction
3366:Wilderness
3327:accounting
3310:Management
3276:ecological
3264:tragedy of
3183:Peak water
3168:Efficiency
3141:Sanitation
3083:Stormwater
3076:harvesting
3052:Irrigation
2954:management
2912:gene banks
2853:management
2831:management
2747:resilience
2713:phosphorus
2669:industrial
2647:Management
2623:soundscape
2529:Geothermal
2294:"Glossary"
2216:17 October
2094:27 October
2068:1 November
1809:Categorias
1779:CAPAD 2014
1606:27 October
1554:References
1509:Half-Earth
1371:including
1264:(Russian:
1249:zapovednik
1238:заповедник
1217:Zapovednik
1111:, and the
1097:protection
1048:Kyrgyzstan
850:and other
828:The Lizard
765:See also:
733:Portuguese
621:, next to
478:A bridged
444:Gebel Elba
399:Portuguese
387:Portuguese
331:See also:
226:nest boxes
190:naturalist
127:government
115:geological
83:bioreserve
3417:Renewable
3402:Depletion
3389:Conflict
3271:Economics
3249:enclosure
3208:Resources
3188:Pollution
3105:Watershed
3008:pollution
2939:Seed bank
2934:Rangeland
2816:Fisheries
2801:Biosphere
2794:biopiracy
2737:fertility
2613:cityscape
2608:Landscape
2515:peak coal
2502:Resources
2453:Emissions
2278:10 August
2002:0867-3217
1685:24 August
1404:Sri Lanka
1400:Mihintale
1394:Sri Lanka
1377:Londolozi
1243:romanized
1228:in Russia
1160:Nicaragua
1138:Nicaragua
1038:ostriches
876:Wiltshire
593:‹See Tfd›
339:Australia
327:Australia
311:, Finland
230:starlings
228:to house
178:Mihintale
174:Sri Lanka
75:sanctuary
3563:Land use
3443:Category
3376:Resource
3315:adaptive
3213:improved
3173:Conflict
3158:Security
3153:Scarcity
3146:improved
3136:Leaching
3013:recharge
2993:Drinking
2944:Wildlife
2811:Bushmeat
2806:Bushfood
2759:planning
2664:gemstone
2659:Minerals
2640:property
2628:viewshed
2618:seascape
2549:sunlight
2523:peak oil
2519:peak gas
2332:Archived
2308:10 April
2302:Archived
2272:Archived
2241:Archived
2237:BBC News
2210:Archived
2184:Archived
2062:Archived
2006:Archived
1959:cite web
1919:Archived
1900:Archived
1882:15 March
1851:30 April
1818:archived
1783:Archived
1753:Archived
1728:Archived
1600:Archived
1496:See also
1482:Congress
1373:Shamwari
1339:Pretoria
1266:заказник
1262:zakaznik
1152:Jinotega
1034:gazelles
949:reptiles
832:Cornwall
805:Scotland
720:Portugal
704:Path on
619:Budapest
586:In 1995
574:, and 8
363:statutes
355:Tasmania
256:Prussian
205:poachers
194:explorer
123:research
72:wildlife
3494:Ecology
3482:Biology
3470:Animals
3456:Portals
3244:Commons
3233:Related
3198:Quality
3114:Aspects
3040:glacial
2981:Aquifer
2887:Pasture
2838:Forests
2764:reserve
2539:Nuclear
2509: (
2465:Trading
2460:Airshed
2058:PÚBLICO
1824:16 July
1658:29 June
1245::
1234:Russian
991:Samaria
945:mammals
937:endemic
852:insects
836:flowers
797:England
779:Ukraine
743:Romania
609:Hungary
588:Germany
582:Germany
566:counts
541:Estonia
523:Estonia
491:Denmark
454:Eritrea
450:coast.
448:Red Sea
153:History
97:) is a
87:natural
3518:Plants
3254:global
3218:policy
3163:Supply
3126:Floods
3093:Sewage
3066:Marine
3058:huerta
2892:Plants
2882:Meadow
2742:health
2720:rights
2708:copper
2686:mining
2584:arable
2484:Energy
2424:Indoor
2159:
2149:Israel
2000:
1814:ICMBio
1708:
1578:
1423:Oregon
1211:Russia
1195:. The
1162:, the
1105:, the
1054:Kyrgyz
1040:, and
1018:Jordan
1006:Jordan
987:Israel
976:Israel
844:mosses
690:Poland
663:and 3
645:Kosovo
597:German
564:France
558:France
513:Sweden
507:Sweden
470:Europe
417:Canada
373:Brazil
275:Sydney
3542:Water
3530:Trees
3397:Curse
3203:Right
3045:polar
3035:bergs
2998:Fresh
2966:Water
2679:metal
2603:Field
2554:shade
2544:Solar
2534:Hydro
2419:Index
2143:[
2009:(PDF)
1990:(PDF)
1943:(PDF)
1876:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1063:koruk
1058:корук
997:Japan
970:India
959:India
941:birds
856:birds
840:ferns
809:Wales
761:Spain
439:Egypt
433:Egypt
393:) or
273:near
111:funga
107:fauna
103:flora
93:, or
3332:good
3281:land
3259:land
3071:Rain
2927:wood
2902:food
2865:Game
2776:Life
2727:Soil
2703:peak
2696:sand
2571:Land
2561:Wind
2436:(US)
2413:(US)
2340:2011
2310:2017
2280:2011
2249:2017
2218:2014
2192:2012
2157:ISBN
2126:2020
2096:2011
2070:2016
2036:INCF
2017:2012
1998:ISSN
1972:help
1951:2023
1884:2020
1853:2016
1826:2016
1791:2015
1761:2020
1706:ISBN
1687:2014
1660:2014
1634:2012
1608:2011
1576:ISBN
1382:The
1327:and
1197:park
1185:FDNY
923:Dena
914:Iran
842:and
807:and
671:and
531:The
357:and
236:and
209:owls
192:and
54:, a
3131:Law
3030:Ice
2870:law
2848:law
2826:law
2754:Use
2691:law
2674:ore
2635:Law
2511:gas
2497:Law
2492:Bio
2429:Law
2394:Air
1547:Zoo
1268:).
1158:In
870:at
862:at
830:in
826:to
822:in
739:).
539:in
535:at
511:In
482:in
381:as
337:In
281:of
265:in
172:of
145:or
89:or
81:or
3554::
2521:,
2517:,
2513:,
2330:.
2326:.
2296:.
2270:.
2266:.
2239:.
2235:.
2208:.
2165:.
2151::
2112:.
2056:.
2034:.
2004:.
1992:.
1963::
1961:}}
1957:{{
1816:,
1799:^
1777:.
1751:.
1747:.
1598:.
1492:.
1484:.
1421:,
1402:,
1375:,
1360:.
1240:,
1236::
1207:.
1060:,
1056::
1036:,
1032:,
955:.
878:.
874:,
846:,
838:,
803:,
799:,
775:.
735::
675:.
599::
578:.
503:.
401::
389::
353:,
349:,
307:,
232:,
109:,
105:,
85:,
77:,
70:,
62:A
3458::
2525:)
2378:e
2371:t
2364:v
2342:.
2312:.
2282:.
2251:.
2220:.
2194:.
2128:.
2098:.
2072:.
2019:.
1974:)
1970:(
1953:.
1886:.
1793:.
1763:.
1714:.
1689:.
1662:.
1636:.
1610:.
1584:.
1429:.
397:(
385:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
