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1243:(Navajo beliefs about creation), the First, or Dark World is where the four Diyin Diné lived and where First Woman and First Man came into existence. Because the world was so dark, life could not thrive there and they had to move on. The Second, or Blue World, was inhabited by a few of the mammals' Earth People know today as well as the Swallow Chief, or Tåshchózhii. The First World beings had offended him and were asked to leave. From there, they headed south and arrived in the Third World or Yellow World. The four sacred mountains were found here, but due to a great flood, First Woman, First Man, and the Holy People were forced to find another world to live in. This time, when they arrived, they stayed in the Fourth World. In the Glittering World, true death came into existence, as well as the creation of the seasons, the moon, stars, and the sun.
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1319:). The Blessing Way ceremonies are based on establishing "peace, harmony, and good things exclusively" within the Dine. The Enemy Way, or Evil Way ceremonies are concerned with counteracting influences that come from outside the Dine. Spiritual healing ceremonies are rooted in Navajo traditional stories. One of them, the Night Chant ceremony, is conducted over several days and involves up to 24 dancers. The ceremony requires the dancers to wear buckskin masks, as do many of the other Navajo ceremonies, and they all represent specific gods. The purpose of the Night Chant is to purify the patients and heal them through prayers to the spirit beings. Each day of the ceremony entails the performance of certain rites and the creation of detailed sand paintings. One of the songs describes the home of the thunderbirds:
679:. Eventually, the arrangement led to a gradual end in Navajo raids, as the tribe was able to increase their livestock and crops. Also, the tribe gained an increase in the size of the Navajo reservation from 3.5 million acres (14,000 km; 5,500 sq mi) to 16 million acres (65,000 km; 25,000 sq mi) as it stands today. But economic conflicts with non-Navajos continued for many years as civilians and companies exploited resources assigned to the Navajo. The US government made leases for livestock grazing, took land for railroad development, and permitted mining on Navajo land without consulting the tribe.
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several hundred
Navajos at Houcks Tank. Rancher Bennett, whose horse was allegedly stolen, told Kerr that his horses were stolen by the three whites to catch a horse thief. In the same year, Lt. Scott went to the San Juan River with two scouts and 21 enlisted men. The Navajos believed Scott was there to drive off the whites who had settled on the reservation and had fenced off the river from the Navajo. Scott found evidence of many non-Navajo ranches. Only three were active, and the owners wanted payment for their improvements before leaving. Scott ejected them.
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1194:) describes the first hogan as being built by Coyote with help from Beavers to be a house for First Man, First Woman, and Talking God. The Beaver People gave Coyote logs and instructions on how to build the first hogan. Navajos traditionally made their hogans until the 1900s, when they started to make them in hexagonal and octagonal shapes. Hogans continue to be used as dwellings, especially by older Navajos, although they tend to be made with modern construction materials and techniques. Some are maintained specifically for ceremonial purposes.
558:. He signed a treaty with two Navajo leaders: Mariano Martinez as Head Chief and Chapitone as Second Chief. The treaty acknowledged the transfer of jurisdiction from the United Mexican States to the United States. The treaty allowed forts and trading posts to be built on Navajo land. In exchange, the United States, promised "such donations such other liberal and humane measures, as may deem meet and proper." While en route to sign this treaty, the prominent Navajo peace leader Narbona, was killed, causing hostility between the treaty parties.
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619:, New Mexico, for internment at Bosque Redondo. The internment was disastrous for the Navajo, as the government failed to provide enough water, wood, provisions, and livestock for the 4,000 to 5,000 people. Large-scale crop failure and disease were also endemic during this time, as were raids by other tribes and white civilians. Some Navajos froze in the winter because they could make only poor shelters from the few materials they were given. This period is known among the Navajos as "The Fearing Time". In addition, a small group of
764:, under which two new schools were built on the Navajo reservation. But Rough Rock Day School was run in the same militaristic style as Fort Defiance and did not implement educational reforms. Navajo accounts of the Evangelical Missionary School portray it as having a family-like atmosphere with home-cooked meals, new or gently used clothing, humane treatment, and a Navajo-based curriculum. Educators found the Evangelical Missionary School curriculum to be much more beneficial for Navajo children.
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804:. It is a repository for sound recordings, manuscripts, paintings, and sandpainting tapestries of the Navajos. It also featured exhibits to express the beauty, dignity, and logic of the Navajo religion. When Klah met Cabot in 1921, he witnessed decades of efforts by the US government and missionaries to assimilate the Navajos into mainstream society. The museum was founded to preserve the religion and traditions of the Navajo, which Klah was sure would otherwise soon be lost forever.
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1239:. The Diné believed in two classes of people: Earth People and Holy People. The Navajo people believe they passed through three worlds before arriving in this world, the Fourth World or the Glittering World. As Earth People, the Diné must do everything within their power to maintain the balance between Mother Earth and man. The Diné also had the expectation of keeping a positive relationship between them and the Diyin Diné. In the
1171:, the traditional Navajo home, is built as a shelter for either a man or a woman. Male hogans are square or conical with a distinct rectangular entrance, while a female hogan is an eight-sided house. Hogans are made of logs and covered in mud, with the door always facing east to welcome the sun each morning. Navajos also have several types of hogans for lodging and ceremonial use. Ceremonies, such as healing ceremonies or the
830:. Under various forms, it continued into the 1950s. Worried about large herds in the arid climate, at a time when the Dust Bowl was endangering the Great Plains, the government decided that the land of the Navajo Nation could support only a fixed number of sheep, goats, cattle, and horses. The Federal government believed that land erosion was worsening in the area and the only solution was to reduce the number of livestock.
1304:â Big Mountain Sheep) in Colorado. Times of day, as well as colors, are used to represent the four sacred mountains. Throughout religions, the importance of a specific number is emphasized and in the Navajo religion, the number four appears to be sacred to their practices. For example, there were four original clans of DinĂ©, four colors and times of day, four Diyin DinĂ©, and for the most part, four songs sung for a ritual.
912:. Once the code talkers completed training in the States, they were sent to the Pacific for assignment to the Marine combat divisions. With that said, there was never a crack in the Navajo language, it was never deciphered. It is known that many more Navajos volunteered to become code talkers than could be accepted; however, an undetermined number of other Navajos served as Marines in the war, but not as code talkers.
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1041:: people can only marry (or date) partners outside their own clans, which for this purpose include the clans of their four grandparents. Some Navajos favor their children to marry into their father's clan. While clans are associated with a geographical area, the area is not for the exclusive use of any one clan. Members of a clan may live hundreds of miles apart but still have a clan bond.
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1535:. These Chief's Blankets, so called because only chiefs or very wealthy individuals could afford them, were characterized by horizontal stripes and minimal patterning in red. First Phase Chief's Blankets have only horizontal stripes, Second Phase feature red rectangular designs, and Third Phase features red diamonds and partial diamond patterns.
3568:", 8 March 2016. Accessed 9 April 2016: "What happens when Rowling pulls this in, is we as Native people are now opened up to a barrage of questions about these beliefs and traditions ... but these are not things that need or should be discussed by outsiders. At all. I'm sorry if that seems "unfair," but that's how our cultures survive."
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1598:- for a total of at least 30,663). But the Navajos were a nomadic tribe, roaming over a very large area, so that an absolutely accurate enumeration even in year 1910 would have been an extremely difficult if not impossible task. The U.S. census of 2020 counted 392,962 Navajos in all states and territories.
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residence and live with his bride in her dwelling and near her mother's family. Daughters (or, if necessary, other female relatives) were traditionally the ones who received the generational property inheritance. In cases of marital separation, women would maintain the property and children. Children
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In the 1940s, large quantities of uranium were discovered in Navajo land. From then into the early 21st century, the U.S. allowed mining without sufficient environmental protection for workers, waterways, and land. The
Navajos have claimed high rates of death and illness from lung disease and cancer
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denounced
Collier as a 'dictator' and accused him of a "near reign of terror" on the Navajo reservation. Dippie adds that "He became an object of 'burning hatred' among the very people whose problems so preoccupied him." The long-term result was strong Navajo opposition to Collier's Indian New Deal.
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The result of these boarding schools led to much language loss within the Navajo Nation. After the Second World War, the Meriam Report funded more children to attend these schools with six times as many children attending boarding school than before the War. English as the primary language spoken at
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Southern
Athabaskan peoples, including the Navajo, are thought to have descended from a southward migration of Athabaskan peoples from Subarctic North America around 1,000 years ago. It has been suggested that the Navajo and Apaches may have migrated due to the effects of a volcanic explosion in the
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was appointed commissioner of the BIA. In many ways, he worked to reform government relations with the Native
American tribes, but the reduction program was devastating for the Navajo, for whom their livestock was so important. The government set land capacity in terms of "sheep units". In 1930 the
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In 1997, Welsh author Eirug Wyn published the Welsh-language novel "I Ble'r Aeth Haul y Bore?" ("Where did the
Morning Sun go?" in English) which tells the story of Carson's misdoings against the Navajo people from the point of view of a fictional young Navajo woman called "Haul y Bore" ("Morning
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In 1887, citizens Palmer, Lockhart, and King fabricated a charge of horse stealing and randomly attacked a dwelling on the reservation. Two Navajo men and all three whites died as a result, but a woman and a child survived. Capt. Kerr (with two Navajo scouts) examined the ground and then met with
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During the next 10 years, the U.S. established forts on traditional Navajo territory. Military records cite this development as a precautionary measure to protect citizens and the
Navajos from each other. However, the Spanish/Mexican-Navajo pattern of raids and expeditions continued. Over 400 New
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from the 16th through the 20th centuries. Their extended kinship groups had seasonal dwelling areas to accommodate livestock, agriculture, and gathering practices. As part of their traditional economy, Navajo groups may have formed trading or raiding parties, traveling relatively long distances.
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history. Using their own language they utilized a military code; for example, the Navajo word "turtle" represented a tank. In 1942, Marine staff officers composed several combat simulations and the Navajo translated it and transmitted it in their dialect to another Navajo on the other line. This
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Many Navajo young people moved to cities to work in urban factories during World War II. Many Navajo men volunteered for military service in keeping with their warrior culture, and they served in integrated units. The War
Department in 1940 rejected a proposal by the BIA that segregated units be
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led 500 men to the
Tunicha Mountains against the Navajo. Twenty Navajo chiefs asked for peace. In 1804 and 1805, the Navajo and Spaniards mounted major expeditions against each others' settlements. In May 1805, another peace was established. Similar patterns of peace-making, raiding, and trading
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Navajos came to the southwest with their own weaving traditions; however, they learned to weave cotton on vertical looms from the Pueblo peoples. The first
Spaniards to visit the region wrote about seeing Navajo blankets. By the 18th century, the Navajos had begun to import Bayeta red yarn to
2053:, veteran, attorney, engineer, and a community leader. One of few Native Americans to be accepted into the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. Upon graduation, he was commissioned as a 2nd Lt. in the U.S. Marine Corps. He made an unsuccessful attempt to run for Navajo Nation President.
1369:. Some Navajo Indian legends are staples in literature, including The First Man and First Woman as well as The Sun, Moon, and Stars. The First Man and Woman is the story about the creation of the world, and The Sun, Moon, and Stars is the story about the origin of heavenly bodies.
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In 1890, a local rancher refused to pay the Navajos a fine for livestock. The Navajos tried to collect it, and whites in southern Colorado and Utah claimed that 9,000 of the Navajos were on a warpath. A small military detachment out of Fort Wingate restored white citizens to order.
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regions of New Mexico. The Spanish, Navajo and Hopi continued to trade with each other and formed a loose alliance to fight Apache and Comanche bands for the next 20 years. During this time there were relatively minor raids by Navajo bands and Spanish citizens against each other.
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The Navajos' hallmark jewelry piece called the "squash blossom" necklace first appeared in the 1880s. The term "squash blossom" was apparently attached to the name of the Navajo necklace at an early date, although its bud-shaped beads are thought to derive from Spanish-Mexican
1177:, take place inside a hogan. According to Kehoe, this style of housing is distinctive to the Navajos. She writes, "Even today, a solidly constructed, log-walled Hogan is preferred by many Navajo families." Most Navajo members today live in apartments and houses in urban areas.
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Collier's solution was to first launch a voluntary reduction program, which was made mandatory two years later in 1935. The government paid for part of the value of each animal, but it did nothing to compensate for the loss of future yearly income for so many Navajo. In the
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The ceremonial leader proceeds by asking the Holy People to be present at the beginning of the ceremony, then identifying the patient with the power of the spirit-being, and describing the patient's transformation to renewed health with lines such as, "Happily I recover."
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Oral history indicates a long relationship with Pueblo people and a willingness to incorporate Puebloan ideas and linguistic variance. There were long-established trading practices between the groups. Mid-16th century Spanish records recount that the Pueblo exchanged
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Once the children arrived at the boarding school, their lives changed dramatically. European Americans taught the classes under an English-only curriculum and punished any student caught speaking Navajo. The children were under militaristic discipline, run by the
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In 1863, Carleton ordered Carson to use the same tactics on the Navajo. Carson and his force swept through Navajo land, killing Navajos and destroying crops and dwellings, fouling wells, and capturing livestock. Facing starvation and death, Navajo groups came to
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spends thirty days living with a Navajo family on their reservation in New Mexico. The July 2008 show called "Life on an Indian Reservation", depicts the dire conditions that many Native Americans experience living on reservations in the United States.
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Parker, accompanied by 10 enlisted men and two scouts, went up the San Juan River to separate the Navajos and citizens who had encroached on Navajo land. In the same year, Lt. Lockett, with the aid of 42 enlisted soldiers, was joined by Lt. Holomon at
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Mexican militia conducted a campaign against the Navajo, against the wishes of the Territorial Governor, in 1860â61. They killed Navajo warriors, captured women and children for slaves, and destroyed crops and dwellings. The Navajos call this period
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The completion of the railroads dramatically changed Navajo weaving. Cheap blankets were imported, so Navajo weavers shifted their focus to weaving rugs for an increasingly non-Native audience. Rail service also brought in Germantown wool from
1570:); "Wide Ruins", "Chinlee", banded geometric patterns; "Klagetoh", diamond-type patterns; "Red Mesa" and bold diamond patterns. Many of these patterns exhibit a fourfold symmetry, which is thought to embody traditional ideas about harmony or
2119:, former president of the Navajo Nation. He served three terms as Navajo Council delegate representing the chapters of Shonto, Oljato, Tsah Bi Kin and Navajo Mountain. Served two terms as Navajo County Board of Supervisors for District 1.
757:. This report discussed Indian boarding schools as being inadequate in terms of diet, medical services, dormitory overcrowding, undereducated teachers, restrictive discipline, and manual labor by the students to keep the school running.
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Men and women are seen as contemporary equals as both males and females are needed to reproduce. Although women may carry a bigger burden, fertility is so highly valued that males are expected to provide economic resources (known as
1140:). Corn is a symbol of fertility in Navajo culture as they eat white corn in the wedding ceremonies. It is considered to be immoral and/or stealing if one does not provide for the other in that premarital or marital relationship.
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wrote a series of detective novels whose detective characters were members of the Navajo Tribal Police. The novels are noted for incorporating details about Navajo culture, and in some cases expanding the focus to include nearby
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The Navajo are also known for their concha belts. The concha belt was derived from the Southern Plains Indians. Atsidi Chon was the first to create the Concha Belt and he taught his craft to other Navajos and to the Zuni people.
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are "born to" and belong to the mother's clan, and are "born for" the father's clan. The mother's eldest brother has a strong role in her children's lives. As adults, men represent their mother's clan in tribal politics.
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Navajo then translated it back into English faster than any other cryptographic facility, which demonstrated their efficacy. As a result, General Vogel recommended their recruitment into the USMC code talker program.
1428:("Thin Mexican") around 1878 and began teaching other Navajos how to work with silver. Navajos initially obtained silver from coins and ingots and hammered them into shape. By 1880, Navajo silversmiths were creating
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Apache men and destroy any Mescalero property he could find. Carleton believed these harsh tactics would bring any Indian Tribe under control. The Mescalero surrendered and were sent to the new reservation called
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meat, hides, and stone from Athabaskans traveling to the pueblos or living nearby. In the 18th century, the Spanish reported that the Navajo maintained large herds of livestock and cultivated large crop areas.
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with 30 or 40 sympathizers. They refused to surrender to the agent, and local law enforcement and military refused the agent's request for an armed engagement. General Scott arrived, and with the help of
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The Navajos did not understand why their centuries-old practices of raising livestock should change. They were united in opposition but they were unable to stop it. Historian Brian Dippie notes that the
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During the time on the reservation, the Navajo tribe was forced to assimilate into white society. Navajo children were sent to boarding schools within the reservation and off the reservation. The first
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Navajos have many different ceremonies. For the most part, their ceremonies are to prevent or cure diseases. Corn pollen is used as a blessing and as an offering during prayer. One half of the major
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in year 1626 they were so numerous that "in two days over 30,000 Navajos assembled". Apparently they were not less numerous in the early 20th century - Indian Affairs 1910 counted 29,624 Navajos in
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In 1913, an Indian agent ordered a Navajo and his three wives to come in and then arrested them for having a plural marriage. A small group of Navajos used force to free the women and retreated to
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created for the Indians. The Navajos gained firsthand experience with how they could assimilate into the modern world, and many did not return to the overcrowded reservation, which had few jobs.
547:). This agreement was not honored by some Navajo, nor by some New Mexicans. The Navajos raided New Mexican livestock, and New Mexicans took women, children, and livestock from the Navajo.
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if they tried to run away. Other conditions included inadequate food, overcrowding, required manual labor in kitchens, fields, and boiler rooms; and military-style uniforms and haircuts.
531:. On November 21, 1846, following an invitation from a small party of American soldiers under the command of Captain John Reid, who journeyed deep into Navajo country and contacted him,
4242:"The Navajoes.âThe Party Returning from Washington and Who They Are.âAbout Gov. Arny and His Views of the Indian Question.âWhat Kind of People the Navajoes area and What Their Country"
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these schools as well as the local towns surrounding the Navajo reservations contributed to residents becoming bilingual; however Navajo was still the primary language spoken at home.
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The states with the largest Navajo populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,306). More than three quarters of the enrolled Navajo population resides in these two states.
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These achievements of the Navajo Code Talkers have resulted in an honorable chapter in USMC history. Their patriotism and honor inevitably earned them the respect of all Americans.
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Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice, 2008 BYU Law Review 377 The Navajo and Richard Henry Pratt
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in 1870 and led the way for eight others to be established. Many older Navajos were against this education and would hide their children to keep them from being taken.
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The United States military continued to maintain forts on the Navajo reservation in the years after the Long Walk. From 1873 to 1895, the military employed Navajos as
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Saint Elias Mountain range of Alaska around 803 AD. Part of the migration was along the Rocky Mountains before arriving in the present-day southwest United States.
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Treglia, Gabriella. "Cultural Pluralism or Cultural Imposition? Examining the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Education Reforms during the Indian New Deal (1933â1945)."
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as a main source of trade and food. Meat became essential in the Navajo diet. Sheep became a form of currency and familial status. Women began to spin and weave
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Kerr, "February 18, 1887 letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona.
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Ford, "September 30, 1887 Letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona
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has been part of jewelry for centuries, but Navajo artists did not use inlay techniques to insert turquoise into silver designs until the late 19th century.
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who do harm to the minds, bodies, and families of innocent people, though these matters are rarely discussed in detail with those outside of the community.
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system, in which the family of the women owned livestock, dwellings, planting areas, and livestock grazing areas. Once married, a Navajo man would follow a
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However, not all the Navajos came in or were found. Some lived near the San Juan River, some beyond the Hopi villages, and others lived with Apache bands.
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Scott," June 22, 1887 letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona
2077:, former president of the Navajo Nation. He served in the Arizona Senate from 2004 to 2011 and in the Arizona House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017.
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for relief. On July 20, 1863, the first of many groups departed to join the Mescalero at Bosque Redondo. Other groups continued to come in through 1864.
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1857:(also known as Kin-Ya-Onny-Beyeh; 1907â1998), painter, printmaker, illustrator, and Navajo code talker with the U.S. Marine Corp during World War II.
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played a famous role during World War II by relaying radio messages using their own language. The Japanese were unable to understand or decode it.
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691:. Evidently, citizens of the surnames Houck and/or Owens had murdered a Navajo chief's son, and 100 armed Navajo warriors were looking for them.
494:, about 60 miles (97 km) west of the Rio Chama Valley region. In the 1770s, the Spanish sent military expeditions against the Navajo in the
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comes from Spanish missionaries and historians who referred to the Pueblo Indians through this term, although they referred to themselves as the
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and matrilocal world of the Navajo, women were especially hurt, as many lost their only source of income with the reduction of livestock herds.
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1424:(c. 1830âc. 1918) is considered to be the first Southwest Indians to learn silversmithing. He learned silversmithing from a Mexican man called
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meaning '(the) people'. The language comprises two geographic, mutually intelligible dialects. It is closely related to the languages of the
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Beginning in the spring of 1864, the Army forced around 9,000 Navajo men, women, and children to walk over 300 miles (480 km) to
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The Holy People, or Diyin Diné, had instructed the Earth People to view the four sacred mountains as the boundaries of the homeland (
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Navajo spiritual practice is about restoring balance and harmony to a person's life to produce health and is based on the ideas of
573:, Commander of the Federal District of New Mexico, initiated a series of military actions against the Navajos and Apaches. Colonel
1452:, hair ornaments, pins, and squash blossom necklaces for tribal use, and to sell to tourists as a way to supplement their income.
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resulting from environmental contamination. Since the 1970s, legislation has helped to regulate the industry and reduce the toll.
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1774:, geneticist and bioethicist known for promoting Indigenous data sovereignty and studying genetics within Indigenous communities
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672:. It operated from 1872 to 1875 as an anti-raid task force working to maintain the peaceful terms of the 1868 Navajo treaty.
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The Navajo Tribe relies on oral tradition to maintain beliefs and stories. Examples include the traditional creation story
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Navaho Expedition: Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Navajo Country, Made in 1849
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By treaty, the Navajos were allowed to leave the reservation for trade, with permission from the military or local
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into distinct styles. These included "Two Gray Hills" (predominantly black and white, with traditional patterns);
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Navajos grazed 1,100,000 mature sheep units. These sheep provided half the cash income for the individual Navajo.
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is the largest federally recognized tribe in the United States; additionally, the Navajo Nation has the largest
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was negotiated between Navajo leaders and the federal government allowing the surviving Navajos to return to a
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The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos
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by the pound and selling them back east by the bale. The traders encouraged the locals to weave blankets and
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or Changing Woman. Today there are more than 100 clans, some of which include other Native nations, such as
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among the Navajo, Spaniards, Apache, Comanche, and Hopi continued until the arrival of Americans in 1846.
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characters and cultures, as well. Some of the novels have been adapted for film/TV, including the series
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and clothing; they created items of highly valued artistic expression, which were also traded and sold.
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Ceremonies are used to correct curses that cause some illnesses or misfortunes. People may complain of
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554:âaccompanied by John S. Calhoun, an Indian agentâled 400 soldiers into the Navajo country, penetrating
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3950:. Jennifer Denetdale (additional text), Ada E. Deer (foreword). New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
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Navajo Yebichai (Yei Bi Chei) dancers. Edward S. Curtis. USA, 1900. The Wellcome Collection, London
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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
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A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
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of Northern Colorado University with images of U.S. documents of treaties and reports 1846â1931
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Weisiger, Marsha (2007). "Gendered Injustice: Navajo Livestock Reduction in the New Deal Era".
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George Bornstein, "The Fearing Time: Telling the tales of Indian slavery in American history",
2059:, last head chief of the Navajo and first chairman of the Navajo Tribe, (1922â1928, 1942â1946).
1905:
1749:
1674:
1613:
786:
731:
623:, longtime enemies of the Navajos had been relocated to the area, which resulted in conflicts.
595:
166:
3212:
3210:
3142:
3032:
2999:
2966:
2933:
5072:
4755:
4424:
4365:
4250:
4117:. recorded by Walter Dyk. Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books & University of Nebraska Press.
3565:
1917:
1464:
in Navajo) symbol to shape the silver pendant that hangs from the "squash blossom" necklace.
953:
761:
4879:
3024:
2991:
2958:
2925:
4738:
4692:
4663:
4461:
2583:
Doering, Briana N.; Esdale, Julie A.; Reuther, Joshua D.; Catenacci, Senna D. (July 2020).
2206:
2107:/Mexican Water), former Navajo Nation Council Delegate, working in Utah Navajo Investments.
1940:
1934:
1056:
Traditionally, there are four clans said to be the original ones, given to the Navajo from
801:
669:
643:
570:
475:, meaning a large area of cultivated lands. By the 1640s, the Spanish began using the term
464:
365:
125:
4271:
3868:
826:
was imposed upon the Navajo Nation by the federal government starting in 1933, during the
334:
8:
5117:
5103:
4799:
4658:
4517:
4359:
4323:
2214:
2110:
2062:
1913:
1631:
1583:
1559:
1281:
876:
536:
194:
186:
3777:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 492-493.
2852:
Guide to Records in the Military Archives Division Pertaining to Indian-White Relations,
4675:
4497:
3232:
3193:
3185:
2799:
2622:
Lewandowska, Magdalena (2020). "Athapaskan Migration to the North American Southwest".
2517:
2509:
1899:
1854:
1836:
1180:
Those who practice the Navajo religion regard the hogan as sacred. The religious song "
1149:
867:
General Douglas MacArthur meeting Navajo, Pima, Pawnee and other Native American troops
703:
551:
520:
325:
260:
145:
3724:
1546:
Some early European-American settlers moved in and set up trading posts, often buying
1216:
507:
267:
region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in
4569:
4327:
4209:
4186:
4165:
4135:
4118:
4055:
4036:
4015:
3998:
3982:
3970:
3951:
3927:
3705:
3343:
3218:
3197:
3148:
3121:
3060:
3036:
3025:
3003:
2992:
2970:
2959:
2937:
2926:
2834:
2806:
2774:
2753:
2698:
2641:
Seymour, Deni (2012). "Gateways for Athabascan Migration to the American Southwest".
2604:
2521:
2501:
2423:
2104:
2080:
1703:
1497:
1406:
1365:
1350:
1293:
1240:
1203:
524:
5127:
4580:
3435:
3177:
3067:
2745:
2596:
2493:
2255:
2219:
2134:
2056:
1830:
1729:
1429:
1228:
827:
708:
581:
with Army troops and volunteer New Mexico militia. Carleton ordered Carson to kill
499:
364:, where the majority of Athabaskan speakers reside. Additionally, some Navajo know
153:
149:
3889:
1755:
742:. In multiple interviews, subjects recalled being captured and disciplined by the
443:
Western historians believe that the Spanish before 1600 referred to the Navajo as
5175:
5018:
5003:
4492:
4339:
4278:
4030:
3945:
3921:
3754:
3731:
3560:
3335:
2689:
2553:
2546:
2449:
2368:
2319:
2185:
2167:
2031:
2019:
1995:
1970:
1928:
1887:
1848:
1725:
1713:
1683:
1636:
1516:
1181:
380:
284:
217:
137:
4874:
1037:
that defines relationships between individuals and families. The clan system is
5137:
5082:
4507:
4466:
4256:
4227:
4032:
Navaho symbols of healing: a Jungian exploration of ritual, image, and medicine
3103:
2002, University of New Mexico Press, Chapter 5, "our People Cried": 1923â1941.
2234:
2179:
2173:
2050:
1982:
1976:
1958:
1881:
1820:
1777:
1771:
1687:
1643:
1618:
1532:
1484:
909:
587:
436:
400:
1338:
5169:
5013:
5008:
4604:
4487:
4410:
3941:
3467:
2608:
2505:
2224:
2154:
2140:
2013:
1952:
1909:
1745:
1739:
1543:, commercially dyed wool which greatly expanded the weavers' color palettes.
1159:
990:
760:
This report was the precursor to education reforms initiated under President
750:
661:
482:
During the 1670s, the Spanish wrote that the Diné lived in a region known as
472:
294:
280:
256:
94:
2771:
The Army and the Navajo: The Bosque Redondo Reservation Experiment 1863â1868
459:
in the 1620s to refer to the people in the Chama Valley region, east of the
5062:
4546:
4512:
4502:
2441:
2150:
2116:
2096:
2068:
2007:
1946:
1866:
1860:
1842:
1808:
1786:
1719:
1540:
1378:
1222:
1172:
793:
790:
676:
578:
544:
264:
170:
4350:
3144:"For Our Navajo People": Diné Letters, Speeches & Petitions, 1900-1960
2752:, University of Oklahoma Press (1964), trade paperback (2003), 296 pages,
1489:
1393:
37:"Diné" redirects here. For the Dene people native to northern Canada, see
5087:
5055:
5023:
4983:
4616:
4586:
4471:
4319:
2100:
2074:
1922:
1875:
1761:
1652:
1626:
allowed the Navajos to be more involved in the depictions of themselves.
1567:
1563:
1457:
1421:
1417:
1257:
1137:
1065:
1045:
843:
775:
754:
648:
616:
3747:
3305:
Yellow Dirt- An American Story of a Poisoned Land and a People Betrayed,
3189:
2891:
2600:
1523:
supplement local black, gray, and white wool, as well as wool dyed with
941:
908:, San Diego before being assigned to Field Signal Battalion training at
5067:
4973:
4968:
2831:
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
2128:
2122:
1814:
1707:
1699:
1657:
1594:(in addition to that the census of 1910 returned also 1,039 Navajos in
1591:
1551:
1547:
1524:
1401:
1049:
683:
664:
at Fort Wingate to help their regular units. During this period, Chief
574:
276:
114:
106:
5045:
4575:
3279:
American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs,
2734:
2547:"Discovery of the Athabascan Origin of the Apache and Navajo Language"
2513:
2481:
1250:
487:
232:
5038:
4988:
4373:
4358:
3810:
3181:
2037:
1528:
1467:
1410:
665:
620:
582:
412:
384:
287:
is spoken throughout the region, and most Navajo also speak English.
67:
3071:
124:
700 Residents of Canada identified as having Navajo ancestry in the
4998:
2497:
2453:
University of Arizona, Tucson Economic Development Research Program
1964:
1691:
1629:
In the final episode of the third season of the FX reality TV show
1449:
1433:
985:
The name "Navajo" comes from the late 18th century via the Spanish
360:
are believed to have migrated from northwestern Canada and eastern
102:
3334:
2748:, edited and annotated by Frank McNitt, foreword by Durwood Ball,
5142:
5132:
5122:
5028:
4978:
4954:
4945:
3832:"I Ble'r Aeth Haul y Bore? (9780862434359) | Eirug Wyn | Y Lolfa"
3789:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Navajo People in the US"
3442:. Recorded by Wheelwright, Mary C. Internet Sacred Text Archive.
3264:
Donald A. Grinde Jr, "Navajo Opposition to the Indian New Deal."
2711:
1967:(mid-19th century â early 20th century), pioneering easel painter
1817:(fl. 1902), first Navajo artist to use European drawing materials
1587:
1441:
1038:
532:
420:
268:
98:
4139:
4122:
4002:
1781:
1716:(Navajo-Isleta-San Felipe Pueblo), American professional golfer
1661:. His daughter has continued the novel series after his death.
1558:(colorful, with very extensive patterns); "Ganado" (founded by
1445:
1437:
1044:
Historically, the structure of the Navajo society is largely a
1010:
977:
749:
Change did not occur in these boarding schools until after the
432:
361:
357:
353:
255:
With more than 399,495 enrolled tribal members as of 2021, the
182:
119:
4405:
4347:
Information on authentic Navajo Art, Rugs, Jewelry, and Crafts
4092:
Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico 1694â1875
3364:
Between the Sacred Mountains: A Cultural History of the Dineh,
3253:
The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy
2919:
2917:
2071:, former chairman of the Navajo Tribe and first Diné attorney.
996:"farm fields adjoining a valley". The Navajos call themselves
279:. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of
5077:
4303:
4297:
4012:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
3211:
Richard White, ch 13: "The Navajos become Dependent" (1988).
2582:
2288:
2093:, Navajo Code Talker and former chairman of the Navajo Tribe.
1513:
Probably Bayeta-style Blanket with Terrace and Stepped Design
1168:
1030:
1014:
428:
404:
392:
3926:(paperback ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
1679:
62:
5033:
4993:
4552:
4234:
Wastelanding: Legacies of Uranium Mining in Navajo Country.
4094:. Window Rock, Arizona: Research Section, The Navajo Tribe.
2914:
2294:
2276:
2270:
1648:
1622:
which was somewhat exploitative of those Navajos involved.
1595:
1460:
designs. The Navajo silversmiths also borrowed the "naja" (
897:
416:
408:
396:
272:
190:
110:
38:
4344:
2691:
Through White Men's Eyes: A contribution to Navajo History
2418:(2003) , Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.),
981:
Dibé (sheep) remain an important aspect of Navajo culture.
3580:"Creation of First Man and First Woman - A Navajo Legend"
2653:
2585:"A Multiscalar Consideration of the Athabascan Migration"
2264:
1764:, the last original Navajo code talker who served in the
4086:. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
3969:(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
3281:(University of Oklahoma Press, 1999) pp 40, 67, 132, 152
2697:. Window Rock, AZ: The Navajo Times Publishing Company.
4332:
4146:
Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors) (1940).
4077:
The Long Walk: A History of the Navaho Wars, 1846â1868
3342:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1690:
uniform, is a Navajo (from his mother's side) retired
1280:â Blue Bead or Turquoise Mountain) in New Mexico; the
858:
550:
In 1849, the military governor of New Mexico, Colonel
3534:
3522:
3369:
2303:
2285:
2261:
896:
The Navajo Code Talkers played a significant role in
3642:
3381:
3031:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp.
2965:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp.
2829:, 20 October 2017 p. 29 (review of Andrés Reséndez,
2773:. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press.
2291:
2267:
2196:
753:
was published in 1929 by the Secretary of Interior,
711:, a leader among the Navajo, defused the situation.
514:
4353:
Navajo expert, Doctor Sarah Davis, about the Navajo
4208:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
3654:
3120:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
2998:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p.
2932:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p.
2805:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
2282:
2273:
2258:
2113:, the first woman elected to Navajo Tribal Council.
1344:
4200:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
3995:Hosteen Klah: Navajo Medicine Man and Sand Painter
3699:
3666:
3630:
2798:
1979:(born 1966), contemporary print maker and educator
1197:
989:"(Apaches of) NavajĂł", which was derived from the
811:
387:, growing mainly the traditional Native American "
4185:. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997.
4102:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
2442:"Arizona's Native American Tribes: Navajo Nation"
2065:, former Navajo Tribal Councilwoman and advocate.
1943:(born 1973), painter, illustrator, screen printer
1616:. It was written in response to an earlier film,
714:
70:(Navajo, 1818â1893), a chief during the Long Walk
5167:
4148:Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540â1542.
4089:
2768:
1890:(born 1945), TĂĄchiiÊŒnii, contemporary ceramicist
891:
543:at Bear Springs, Ojo del Oso (later the site of
4236:Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
4206:Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace
4129:
4052:Blood and Thunder: An Epic of the American West
3967:North American Indians: A Comprehensive account
3118:Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace
451:. Fray Geronimo de Zarate-Salmeron, who was in
4309:Navajo people: history, culture, language, art
4178:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
1925:(c. 1828â1918), first known Navajo silversmith
904:Each Navajo went through a basic boot camp at
263:in the country. The reservation straddles the
4928:
4389:
4203:
3795:
3725:"Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site"
3700:Turnbaugh, William; Turnbaugh, Sarah (2007).
3140:
2362:Diné enrolled population increases to 399,494
1405:19th-century Navajo jewelry with the popular
1268:â Dawn or White Shell Mountain) in Colorado;
4164:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
4150:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
4134:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
3330:
3328:
3326:
3111:
3109:
2386:"Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census"
2330:
1931:(born 1954), textile artist and math teacher
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1248:
1187:
999:
485:
329:Navajo spinning and weaving on vertical loom
51:
4523:Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park
4112:
3237:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2792:
2790:
2674:
2621:
1163:Hogan at Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park
527:invaded Santa Fe with 1,600 men during the
368:, which is either a dialect or daughter of
27:Native American people of the United States
4935:
4921:
4396:
4382:
4356:
4267:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
3774:Primitive society and its vital statistics
3022:
2989:
2956:
2923:
2458:
1869:(1867â1937), weaver and co-founder of the
1292:â Abalone Shell Mountain) in Arizona; and
372:. Some also know Plains Sign Talk itself.
61:
4183:Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest
4162:Navajo Places: History, Legend, Landscape
4100:Stephen Watts Kearny: Soldier of the West
3882:
3770:
3503:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
3323:
3106:
2422:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2125:, current president of the Navajo Nation.
1871:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
1752:after the fall of the Philippines in 1942
798:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
297:, some Navajo people are citizens of the
4109:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
4009:
3997:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
3702:Indian Jewelry of the American Southwest
3167:
3115:
3061:"Language Documentation and Description"
2796:
2787:
2356:
2354:
2188:, author, educator, and environmentalist
2137:, former president of the Navajo Nation.
2131:, former president of the Navajo Nation.
1780:, first full-blooded Native American in
1678:
1507:
1496:
1488:
1420:is an important art form among Navajos.
1400:
1392:
1215:
1207:
1158:
1154:
976:
862:
766:
647:
324:
316:
4265:Language and Art in the Navajo Universe
4028:
3992:
3940:
3540:
3528:
3375:
3217:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 300ff.
3058:
2687:
2659:
2640:
1758:, former women's UFC flyweight champion
1359:Coyote (notable traditional characters)
1328:In the house made of the evening light
634:on a portion of their former homeland.
14:
5168:
5157:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
4962:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
4403:
4239:
4198:Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period
4035:. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press.
3147:. U of New Mexico Press. p. 250.
3116:Compiled (1974). Roessel, Ruth (ed.).
2801:Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period
2797:Compiled (1973). Roessel, Ruth (ed.).
2563:
2157:and last chairman of the Navajo Tribe.
1833:, weaver, educator, and museum curator
1204:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ (Navajo creation beliefs)
1072:, referring to the Mescalero Apache.
1021:
81:399,690 enrolled tribal members (2021)
5186:Native American history of New Mexico
4916:
4377:
4049:
3964:
3919:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3636:
3546:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3462:
3460:
3406:"Navajo Cultural History and Legends"
3400:
3398:
3396:
3387:
3081:from the original on 12 November 2020
3054:
3052:
2717:
2624:Contributions in New World Archeology
2573:, p. 22 (retrieved: 28 November 2010)
2479:
2414:
2351:
1884:(born 1946), contemporary silversmith
1577:
1432:including bracelets, tobacco flasks,
1315:and the other half is the Enemy Way (
344:(lit. 'People's language'). The term
5201:Native American tribes in New Mexico
4369:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3433:
3318:NAVAJO CODE TALKERS IN WORLD WAR II,
2396:from the original on 30 January 2022
1961:, 21st-century weaver and printmaker
1949:(1940â2014), silversmith and jeweler
1722:, musician and documentary filmmaker
936:
86:Regions with significant populations
4333:Navajo Institute for Social Justice
4014:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3554:Magic in North America Part 1: Ugh.
2392:. Statistics Canada. 21 June 2018.
2145:Washington House of Representatives
1863:(1932â2005), painter and printmaker
1501:Navajo Germantown Eye Dazzler Rug,
929:Black Mesa Peabody Coal controversy
859:Navajo Code Talkers in World War II
383:. Later, they adopted farming from
379:Initially, the Navajo were largely
24:
5181:Native American history of Arizona
4069:
3923:The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths
3759:Traditional Fine Arts Organization
3687:The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths
3484:
3457:
3393:
3366:Essai, Volume 5: Article 15, 2007.
3049:
1076:Original Navajo Clans (tradition)
637:
25:
5217:
5196:Native American tribes in Arizona
4357:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4291:
3292:American Indians and World War II
3023:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2990:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2957:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2924:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2671:Hosteen Klah, page 102 and others
1973:(born 1957), contemporary painter
882:
515:Territory of New Mexico 1846â1863
4944:
4404:
2902:from the original on 23 May 2017
2254:
2199:
1789:, mechanical engineer at NASA's
1668:
1345:Oral stories/Works of literature
940:
721:American Indian boarding schools
312:
5191:Native American history of Utah
5097:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
4196:Roessel, Ruth (editor) (1973).
3993:Newcomb, Franc Johnson (1964).
3898:from the original on 2016-03-03
3853:
3842:from the original on 2019-08-01
3824:
3781:
3764:
3740:
3718:
3693:
3678:
3619:from the original on 2021-09-03
3601:
3590:from the original on 2021-10-28
3572:
3446:from the original on 2016-05-25
3427:
3412:. November 2002. Archived from
3356:
3310:
3297:
3284:
3271:
3258:
3245:
3204:
3161:
3134:
3101:Dine: A History of the Navajos,
3093:
3016:
2983:
2950:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2844:
2819:
2762:
2739:
2723:
2665:
2634:
2615:
2576:
2528:from the original on 2021-04-21
2085:Kansas House of Representatives
1601:
1198:Spiritual and religious beliefs
1130:
812:Livestock Reduction 1930sâ1950s
5206:Native American tribes in Utah
3255:(1991) pp 333â336, quote p 335
3059:Spolsky, Bernard (July 2014).
2539:
2473:
2435:
2420:English Pronouncing Dictionary
2408:
2378:
2247:
2044:
1845:(born 1977), conceptual artist
1742:, American professional golfer
1383:
1326:In the house made of the dawn,
1309:Navajo song ceremonial complex
1143:
715:Boarding schools and education
293:Besides being enrolled in the
13:
1:
4232:Voyles, Traci Brynne (2015).
4160:Linford, Laurence D. (2000).
3905:– via www.bookrags.com.
3689:. Pickle Partners Publishing.
3338:; Leighton, Dorothea (1974).
2833:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2560:(retrieved: 28 November 2010)
2344:
1989:
1388:
1351:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ (Creation Story)
918:
892:U.S. Marine Corps Involvement
535:and other Navajos negotiated
463:and northwest of present-day
333:The Navajo are speakers of a
4808:(AZ, former Chinle Boarding)
3704:. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.
3436:"The Story of the Emergence"
3320:USMC History Division, 2006.
3170:Western Historical Quarterly
2850:Marei Bouknight and others,
2455:(retrieved: 19 January 2011)
2004:, punk/alternative rock band
1894:Christine Nofchissey McHorse
1839:(c. 1934â2022), basket maker
1734:Colorado River Indian Tribes
604:
519:The Navajos encountered the
338:Southern Athabaskan language
302:Colorado River Indian Tribes
7:
4683:Gallup-McKinley County (NM)
4240:Warren (January 27, 1875).
4204:Roessel, Ruth, ed. (1974).
4132:Apache, Navajo and Spaniard
4054:(2nd ed.). Doubleday.
4010:Pritzker, Barry M. (2000).
3307:Free Press, New York, 2010.
2854:GSA National Archives, 1972
2720:, p. 133â140, 152â154.
2469:United States Census Bureau
2192:
1955:(1920â1956), studio painter
1902:(1917â1952), studio painter
1566:styles (almost always with
1440:. Later, they added silver
1256:) they should never leave:
569:In 1861, Brigadier-General
142:Plains Indian Sign Language
10:
5222:
4285:Le systÚme de santé navajo
4283:Zaballos, Nausica (2009).
4263:Witherspoon, Gary (1977).
4157:Pruett Pub. Co., Colorado.
4098:Clarke, Dwight L. (1961).
3965:Kehoe, Alice Beck (1992).
3771:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
3498:"Navajo Ceremonial System"
3316:Marine Corps. University,
2569:Samuel J. Supalla (1992).
2161:
1800:
1796:
1766:United States Marine Corps
1672:
1482:
1478:
1376:
1348:
1201:
1147:
972:
922:
906:Marine Corps Recruit Depot
824:Navajo Livestock Reduction
818:Navajo Livestock Reduction
815:
718:
641:
608:
307:
250:Southwestern United States
36:
29:
5151:
5096:
4961:
4894:
4867:
4859:St. Michael Indian School
4851:
4771:
4654:Central Consolidated (NM)
4633:
4626:
4561:
4531:
4480:
4418:Politics and institutions
4417:
4304:Navajo Tourism Department
4247:Daily Journal of Commerce
4090:Brugge, David M. (1968).
3609:"The Sun, Moon and Stars"
2827:Times Literary Supplement
2769:Thompson, Gerald (1976).
2558:San Jose State University
2153:, first president of the
1791:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1503:Science History Institute
925:Indian termination policy
852:Indian Rights Association
228:
213:
205:
181:
176:
164:
159:
136:
131:
90:
85:
80:
75:
60:
4724:Magdalena Municipal (NM)
4599:Treaty of Bosque Redondo
4255:. p. 1 – via
4224:Journal of the Southwest
4153:Kelly, Lawrence (1970).
4130:Forbes, Jack D. (1960).
4105:Downs, James F. (1972).
4082:Bighorse, Tiana (1990).
4029:Sandner, Donald (1991).
3268:(1981) 19#3â6 pp: 79â87.
2688:Correll, J. Lee (1976).
2240:
1624:The Return of Navajo Boy
1609:The Return of Navajo Boy
1606:In 2000 the documentary
1493:Navajo weaver with sheep
1372:
1226:photographed in 1904 by
933:American Indian Movement
785:In 1937, Boston heiress
728:Bureau of Indian Affairs
652:Navajo woman and child,
628:Treaty of Bosque Redondo
4593:Long Walk of the Navajo
4050:Sides, Hampton (2006).
3761:(retrieved 28 Nov 2010)
3737:(retrieved 28 Nov 2010)
3735:White Mountains Online.
2892:"Fort Defiance Chapter"
2230:Long Walk of the Navajo
1896:(1948-2021), ceramicist
1803:Category:Navajo artists
1515:, 1870â1880, 50.67.54,
1397:Squash blossom necklace
1093:The Towering House clan
730:(BIA) school opened at
611:Long Walk of the Navajo
403:. They adopted herding
32:Navajo (disambiguation)
4788:Hunters Point Boarding
4360:"Navajo Indians"
4174:McNitt, Frank (1972).
4075:Bailey, L. R. (1964).
3552:Keene, Dr. Adrienne, "
3496:Wyman, Leland (1983).
3434:Klah, Hasteen (1942).
3141:Peter Iverson (2002).
2571:The Book of Name Signs
2480:Haile, Berard (1949).
2331:
2323:
1906:Barbara Teller Ornelas
1750:Imperial Japanese Army
1695:
1675:Category:Navajo people
1635:, the show's producer
1614:Sundance Film Festival
1519:
1505:
1494:
1414:
1398:
1331:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1249:
1232:
1213:
1188:
1164:
1000:
982:
868:
789:and Navajo singer and
782:
657:
566:, "the fearing time."
552:John MacRae Washington
486:
479:to refer to the Diné.
330:
322:
246:Native American people
167:Native American Church
52:
4844:(off-reservation, NM)
4818:Rough Point Community
4366:Catholic Encyclopedia
4314:Middle Ground Project
4287:. Paris: L'Harmattan.
4251:Kansas City, Missouri
4226:61.4 (2019): 821-862.
4113:Left Handed (1967) .
3920:Adair, John (1989) .
3865:Nativenetworks.si.edu
3566:Native Appropriations
3277:Alison R. Bernstein,
2896:FORT DEFIANCE CHAPTER
2643:Plains Anthropologist
1918:U.S. State Department
1732:outfielder (enrolled
1682:
1511:
1500:
1492:
1404:
1396:
1321:
1311:is the Blessing Way (
1219:
1211:
1162:
1155:Traditional dwellings
1103:One-walks-around clan
1029:There is a system of
980:
866:
787:Mary Cabot Wheelright
770:
762:Franklin D. Roosevelt
651:
523:in 1846 when General
381:hunters and gatherers
328:
320:
177:Related ethnic groups
165:Indigenous Religion,
126:2016 Canadian Census.
4824:Rough Rock Community
4806:Many Farms Community
4084:Bighorse the Warrior
3981:(3rd edition, 2006,
3891:Peterson Zah Summary
3748:"Blanket Statements"
3685:Adair, John (2015).
3440:Navajo Creation Myth
3266:Integrated Education
2390:www12.statcan.gc.ca/
2207:United States portal
2016:, traditional singer
1935:Clara Nezbah Sherman
1908:(born 1954), master
1878:(born 1948), painter
1811:(1928â2022), painter
1768:during World War II.
670:Navajo Tribal Police
644:Navajo trading posts
529:MexicanâAmerican War
465:Santa Fe, New Mexico
366:Navajo Sign Language
321:A 19th-century hogan
299:federally recognized
146:Navajo Sign Language
30:For other uses, see
4902:List of communities
4611:Livestock Reduction
4583:(1600s–1700s)
4518:Navajo-Churro sheep
4324:Washington Matthews
4320:Navajo Silversmiths
3813:on February 8, 2009
3746:Denver Art Museum.
2601:10.1017/aaq.2020.34
2482:"Navaho or Navajo?"
2465:American Factfinder
2215:Navajo-Churro sheep
2182:, poet and lecturer
2111:Lilakai Julian Neil
2063:Annie Dodge Wauneka
1937:(1914â2010), weaver
1914:cultural ambassador
1851:(born 1940), artist
1584:Alonso de Benavides
1560:Don Lorenzo Hubbell
1282:San Francisco Peaks
1077:
1013:, the Navajos were
987:(Apaches de) NavajĂł
877:Navajo code talkers
778:. 1941. Taken near
195:Northern Athabascan
187:Southern Athabascan
57:
4951:Indigenous peoples
4836:Tuba City Boarding
4751:Tuba City USD (AZ)
4744:Red Valley/Cove HS
4717:Monument Valley HS
4338:2021-04-18 at the
4277:2012-09-16 at the
4115:Son of Old Man Hat
3753:2010-12-07 at the
3730:2010-08-24 at the
3613:www.hanksville.org
3584:www.firstpeople.us
3559:2016-04-06 at the
3410:Coastal Web Weaver
3362:Lauren Del Carlo,
2589:American Antiquity
2552:2014-11-12 at the
2448:2012-01-01 at the
2367:2021-05-12 at the
2360:Becenti, Arlyssa.
1900:Gerald Nailor, Sr.
1855:Carl Nelson Gorman
1837:Mary Holiday Black
1748:, captured by the
1696:
1665:Sun" in English).
1578:Population history
1520:
1506:
1495:
1415:
1399:
1233:
1214:
1165:
1150:Navajo ethnobotany
1075:
1062:NaashtÊŒĂ©zhĂ dinĂ©âe
983:
952:. You can help by
869:
783:
704:Beautiful Mountain
658:
541:Alexander Doniphan
521:United States Army
506:In 1800, Governor
331:
323:
47:
5163:
5162:
4910:
4909:
4890:
4889:
4782:Greyhills Acad HS
4734:Red Mesa USD (AZ)
4607:(1873–1895)
4328:Project Gutenberg
4170:978-0-87480-624-3
4061:978-0-385-50777-6
4042:978-0-89281-434-3
4021:978-0-19-513877-1
3933:978-0-8061-2215-1
3251:Brian W. Dippie,
2662:, p. 19, 62.
2545:Watkins, Thayer.
2176:, author and poet
2170:, author and chef
2081:Christina Haswood
1704:nuclear physicist
1612:was shown at the
1294:Hesperus Mountain
1128:
1127:
1113:Bitter Water clan
1081:Diné Bizaad name
1064:referring to the
1058:AsdzÄ
ÌÄ
Ì NĂĄdleehĂ©
970:
969:
571:James H. Carleton
537:a treaty of peace
525:Stephen W. Kearny
356:; the Navajo and
238:
237:
201:
200:
16:(Redirected from
5213:
5112:
5104:Ancestral Pueblo
4949:
4948:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4914:
4913:
4794:Kaibeto Boarding
4712:Kayenta USD (AZ)
4631:
4630:
4587:Navajo Wars
4581:Navajo pueblitos
4408:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4362:
4260:
4219:
4143:
4126:
4095:
4065:
4046:
4025:
4006:
3980:
3961:
3937:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3867:. Archived from
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3809:. Archived from
3799:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3768:
3762:
3744:
3738:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3576:
3570:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3502:
3493:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3468:"Navajo Culture"
3464:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3402:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3336:Kluckhohn, Clyde
3332:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3303:Judy Pasternak,
3301:
3295:
3288:
3282:
3275:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3228:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3182:10.2307/25443605
3165:
3159:
3158:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3113:
3104:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3030:
3020:
3014:
3013:
2997:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2964:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2931:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2842:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2804:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2766:
2760:
2746:Simpson, James H
2743:
2737:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2696:
2685:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2580:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2477:
2471:
2462:
2456:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2382:
2376:
2358:
2338:
2336:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2251:
2220:Navajo pueblitos
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2143:, member of the
2135:Joe Shirley, Jr.
2083:, member of the
2057:Henry Chee Dodge
1831:Joyce Begay-Foss
1730:New York Yankees
1686:, pictured in a
1430:handmade jewelry
1303:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1255:
1254:
1231:
1229:Edward S. Curtis
1192:
1191:
1078:
1074:
1070:NaashgalĂ dinĂ©âĂ©
1022:Navajo Clans or
1004:
1003:
965:
962:
944:
937:
828:Great Depression
780:Canyon de Chelly
709:Henry Chee Dodge
621:Mescalero Apache
556:Canyon de Chelly
492:
491:
457:Apachu de Nabajo
370:Plains Sign Talk
340:which they call
203:
202:
76:Total population
65:
58:
55:
46:
21:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5147:
5108:
5092:
5019:Southern Paiute
4957:
4943:
4941:
4911:
4906:
4886:
4863:
4847:
4767:
4700:Ganado USD (AZ)
4671:Chinle USD (AZ)
4634:District public
4622:
4557:
4527:
4476:
4430:Council Chamber
4413:
4402:
4340:Wayback Machine
4300:, official site
4294:
4279:Wayback Machine
4270:Witte, Daniel.
4216:
4072:
4070:Further reading
4062:
4043:
4022:
3977:
3958:
3934:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3874:
3872:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3845:
3843:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3816:
3814:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3769:
3765:
3755:Wayback Machine
3745:
3741:
3732:Wayback Machine
3723:
3719:
3712:
3698:
3694:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3622:
3620:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3593:
3591:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3561:Wayback Machine
3551:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3510:on 5 March 2016
3507:
3500:
3494:
3485:
3476:
3474:
3472:Discover Navajo
3466:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3447:
3432:
3428:
3419:
3417:
3404:
3403:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3370:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3311:
3302:
3298:
3289:
3285:
3276:
3272:
3263:
3259:
3250:
3246:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3209:
3205:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3114:
3107:
3099:Peter Iverson,
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:10.25894/ldd241
3066:. p. 117.
3063:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3021:
3017:
3010:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2922:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2849:
2845:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2767:
2763:
2744:
2740:
2728:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2694:
2686:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2639:
2635:
2620:
2616:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2554:Wayback Machine
2544:
2540:
2531:
2529:
2478:
2474:
2463:
2459:
2450:Wayback Machine
2440:
2436:
2430:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2375:, 26 April 2021
2369:Wayback Machine
2359:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2314:; also spelled
2308:
2304:
2281:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2186:Elizabeth Woody
2168:Freddie Bitsoie
2164:
2091:Peter MacDonald
2047:
2040:, ballet dancer
2032:R. Carlos Nakai
2020:James and Ernie
1996:Jeremiah Bitsui
1992:
1971:Emmi Whitehorse
1929:Marilou Schultz
1888:Betty Manygoats
1849:Lorenzo Clayton
1805:
1799:
1726:Jacoby Ellsbury
1714:Notah Begay III
1684:Jacoby Ellsbury
1677:
1671:
1637:Morgan Spurlock
1604:
1580:
1517:Brooklyn Museum
1487:
1481:
1473:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1361:
1347:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1247:
1227:
1206:
1200:
1186:
1182:The Blessingway
1157:
1152:
1146:
1133:
1027:
998:
975:
966:
960:
957:
950:needs expansion
935:
921:
894:
885:
861:
820:
814:
723:
717:
662:"Indian Scouts"
646:
640:
638:Reservation era
613:
607:
577:was at the new
517:
500:Chuska Mountain
484:
471:comes from the
315:
310:
285:Navajo language
221:
92:
71:
49:
45:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5219:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5161:
5160:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5073:Western Apache
5070:
5065:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5056:Akimel O'odham
5053:
5051:Tohono OÊŒodham
5043:
5042:
5041:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4940:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4917:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4778:
4776:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4688:Navajo Pine HS
4680:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4641:Cedar USD (AZ)
4637:
4635:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4543:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:Chapter houses
4454:
4449:
4444:
4442:Vice President
4439:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4401:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4330:
4317:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4293:
4292:External links
4290:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4268:
4261:
4257:newspapers.com
4237:
4230:
4220:
4214:
4201:
4194:
4181:Plog, Stephen
4179:
4172:
4158:
4155:Navajo Roundup
4151:
4144:
4127:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4087:
4080:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4060:
4047:
4041:
4026:
4020:
4007:
3990:
3987:978-0131928763
3976:978-0136243625
3975:
3962:
3956:
3942:Iverson, Peter
3938:
3932:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3881:
3861:"Klee Benally"
3852:
3836:www.ylolfa.com
3823:
3794:
3780:
3763:
3739:
3717:
3710:
3692:
3677:
3665:
3653:
3651:, p. 135.
3641:
3629:
3600:
3571:
3545:
3533:
3521:
3483:
3456:
3426:
3392:
3390:, p. 133.
3380:
3368:
3355:
3349:0-674-6060-3-5
3348:
3322:
3309:
3296:
3283:
3270:
3257:
3244:
3223:
3203:
3176:(4): 437â455.
3160:
3153:
3133:
3126:
3105:
3092:
3048:
3041:
3015:
3008:
2982:
2975:
2949:
2942:
2913:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2843:
2818:
2811:
2786:
2779:
2761:
2738:
2722:
2710:
2703:
2673:
2664:
2652:
2633:
2614:
2595:(3): 470â491.
2575:
2562:
2538:
2498:10.2307/977783
2472:
2457:
2434:
2428:
2407:
2377:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2235:Navajoceratops
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2180:Luci Tapahonso
2177:
2174:Sherwin Bitsui
2171:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2051:Chris Deschene
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:Teresa Montoya
1980:
1977:Melanie Yazzie
1974:
1968:
1962:
1959:Tyrrell Tapaha
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1882:Yazzie Johnson
1879:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1821:Harrison Begay
1818:
1812:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1784:
1778:Cory Witherill
1775:
1772:Krystal Tsosie
1769:
1759:
1753:
1743:
1737:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1688:Boston Red Sox
1670:
1667:
1644:Tony Hillerman
1619:The Navajo Boy
1603:
1600:
1579:
1576:
1533:Plains Indians
1485:Navajo weaving
1483:Main article:
1480:
1477:
1418:Silversmithing
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1377:Main article:
1374:
1371:
1346:
1343:
1322:
1288:DookÊŒoÊŒoosĆĂĂd
1199:
1196:
1156:
1153:
1148:Main article:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:HashtĆâishnii
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:TĂłdichâii'nii
1106:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1026:
1020:
974:
971:
968:
967:
947:
945:
920:
917:
910:Camp Pendleton
893:
890:
884:
883:Uranium mining
881:
860:
857:
813:
810:
719:Main article:
716:
713:
689:Navajo Springs
639:
636:
609:Main article:
606:
603:
588:Bosque Redondo
516:
513:
461:San Juan River
455:in 1622, used
314:
311:
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26:
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2:
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4843:
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4837:
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4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4812:Many Farms HS
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4800:Leupp Schools
4798:
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4792:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
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4753:
4752:
4749:
4745:
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4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:Page USD (AZ)
4727:
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4706:
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4647:
4646:White Cone HS
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4605:Navajo Scouts
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589: (1800s)
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4570:The Emergence
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4540:ĂdahoonĂĆĂgĂĂ
4537:
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4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Supreme Court
4450:
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4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
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4423:
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4416:
4412:
4411:Navajo Nation
4407:
4399:
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4387:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4355:
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4337:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4298:Navajo Nation
4296:
4295:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4215:0-912586-18-4
4211:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:0-500-27939-X
4188:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3957:0-7910-8595-3
3953:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3871:on 2011-12-11
3870:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3812:
3808:
3807:navajoboy.com
3804:
3798:
3790:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3711:9780764325779
3707:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3669:
3663:, p. 44.
3662:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3549:
3543:, p. 90.
3542:
3537:
3531:, p. 88.
3530:
3525:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3416:on 2016-04-18
3415:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3378:, p. 23.
3377:
3372:
3365:
3359:
3351:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3280:
3274:
3267:
3261:
3254:
3248:
3240:
3234:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3154:9780826327185
3150:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3127:0-912586-18-4
3123:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3096:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3044:
3042:0-8058-3760-4
3038:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3019:
3011:
3009:0-8058-3760-4
3005:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2986:
2978:
2976:0-8058-3760-4
2972:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2953:
2945:
2943:0-8058-3760-4
2939:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2840:
2839:9780547640983
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2814:
2812:0-912586-16-8
2808:
2803:
2802:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2780:9780816504954
2776:
2772:
2765:
2759:
2758:0-8061-3570-0
2755:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2704:9780894172922
2700:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2429:3-12-539683-2
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:Jones, Daniel
2411:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2299:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Navajo Nation
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2197:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2155:Navajo Nation
2152:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:Chris Stearns
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:Radmilla Cody
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:Quincy Tahoma
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:Navajo weaver
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:(1914â2012),
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:Nicco Montaño
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:Joe Kieyoomia
1744:
1741:
1740:Rickie Fowler
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1669:Navajo people
1666:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:According to
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1395:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1220:HastobĂga, a
1218:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:HonĂĄghĂĄahnii
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:KinyaaâĂĄanii
1088:
1087:
1084:English name
1083:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1002:
995:
992:
988:
979:
964:
955:
951:
948:This section
946:
943:
939:
938:
934:
930:
926:
916:
913:
911:
907:
902:
899:
889:
880:
878:
875:Four hundred
873:
865:
856:
853:
847:
845:
839:
836:
831:
829:
825:
819:
809:
805:
803:
799:
795:
792:
788:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
763:
758:
756:
752:
751:Meriam Report
747:
745:
741:
735:
733:
732:Fort Defiance
729:
722:
712:
710:
705:
700:
696:
692:
690:
685:
680:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
655:
650:
645:
635:
633:
629:
626:In 1868, the
624:
622:
618:
612:
602:
599:
597:
596:Fort Defiance
591:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
539:with Colonel
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
512:
509:
504:
501:
497:
493:
490:
489:
480:
478:
474:
473:Tewa language
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
438:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Three Sisters
386:
385:Pueblo people
382:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
327:
319:
313:Early history
305:
303:
300:
296:
295:Navajo Nation
291:
288:
286:
282:
281:West Virginia
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Navajo Nation
253:
251:
247:
243:
234:
231:
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95:Navajo Nation
91:United States
89:
84:
79:
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69:
64:
59:
56:
54:
40:
33:
19:
5153:
5068:Southern Ute
5063:Tonto Apache
4875:Diné College
4756:Tuba City HS
4648:, now closed
4617:Code talkers
4568:
4547:Navajo Times
4545:
4538:
4513:Navajo dolls
4364:
4326:, 1883 from
4284:
4264:
4245:
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4223:
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4011:
3994:
3966:
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3922:
3914:Bibliography
3900:. Retrieved
3890:
3884:
3873:. Retrieved
3869:the original
3864:
3855:
3844:. Retrieved
3835:
3826:
3815:. Retrieved
3811:the original
3806:
3797:
3783:
3773:
3766:
3758:
3742:
3734:
3720:
3701:
3695:
3686:
3680:
3675:, p. 9.
3668:
3656:
3644:
3639:, p. 4.
3632:
3621:. Retrieved
3612:
3603:
3592:. Retrieved
3583:
3574:
3564:
3548:
3541:Sandner 1991
3536:
3529:Sandner 1991
3524:
3512:. Retrieved
3505:the original
3475:. Retrieved
3471:
3448:. Retrieved
3439:
3429:
3418:. Retrieved
3414:the original
3409:
3383:
3376:Iverson 2006
3371:
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3358:
3339:
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3143:
3136:
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3100:
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3026:
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2993:
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2952:
2927:
2904:. Retrieved
2895:
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2660:Iverson 2006
2655:
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2642:
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2623:
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2592:
2588:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2541:
2530:. Retrieved
2492:(1): 85â90.
2489:
2486:The Americas
2485:
2475:
2460:
2452:
2437:
2419:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2389:
2380:
2373:Navajo Times
2372:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2315:
2249:
2151:Peterson Zah
2117:Jonathan Nez
2097:Mark Maryboy
2069:Thomas Dodge
2026:Carmen Moore
2022:, comedy duo
2008:Raven Chacon
1985:, film maker
1947:Tommy Singer
1867:Hastiin Klah
1861:R. C. Gorman
1843:Raven Chacon
1809:Beatien Yazz
1787:Aaron Yazzie
1720:Klee Benally
1663:
1656:
1642:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1602:In the media
1581:
1571:
1568:natural dyes
1556:Teec Nos Pos
1555:
1545:
1541:Philadelphia
1537:
1521:
1512:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1425:
1416:
1379:Navajo music
1366:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ
1364:
1362:
1336:
1332:
1324:In Tsegihi ,
1323:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1270:Mount Taylor
1245:
1241:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ
1236:
1234:
1221:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1134:
1131:Gender roles
1122:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1023:
1015:semi-nomadic
1008:
997:
993:
986:
984:
958:
954:adding to it
949:
914:
903:
895:
886:
874:
870:
848:
840:
835:John Collier
832:
821:
806:
796:founded the
794:Hastiin Klah
791:medicine man
784:
771:
759:
748:
743:
739:
736:
724:
701:
697:
693:
681:
677:Indian agent
674:
668:founded the
659:
653:
625:
614:
600:
592:
579:Fort Wingate
568:
563:
560:
549:
545:Fort Wingate
518:
505:
496:Mount Taylor
483:
481:
476:
468:
456:
448:
444:
442:
425:
378:
374:
349:
345:
341:
332:
292:
289:
265:Four Corners
254:
241:
239:
171:Christianity
118:
50:
44:Ethnic group
5118:Basketmaker
4984:Halchidhoma
4895:Communities
4842:Navajo Prep
4830:Shonto Prep
4763:Winslow USD
4739:Red Mesa HS
4693:Tohatchi HS
4664:Shiprock HS
4498:Ethnobotany
4472:Miss Navajo
4345:Navajo Arts
4176:Navajo Wars
3290:Bernstein,
3085:14 December
2400:31 December
2147:since 2022.
2087:since 2021.
2075:Albert Hale
2045:Politicians
1941:Ryan Singer
1923:Atsidi Sani
1876:David Johns
1762:Chester Nez
1548:Navajo rugs
1458:pomegranate
1426:Nakai Tsosi
1422:Atsidi Sani
1384:Visual arts
1317:AnaÊŒĂ NdĂĄĂĄÊŒ
1313:HĂłzhÇ«ÌÇ«ÌjĂ)
1300:Dibé Nitsaa
1258:Blanca Peak
1144:Ethnobotany
1138:bridewealth
1046:matrilineal
1009:Like other
961:August 2016
844:matrilineal
776:Ansel Adams
755:Hubert Work
632:reservation
617:Fort Sumner
564:Naahondzood
342:Diné bizaad
261:reservation
218:Diné Bizaad
189:) peoples,
5170:Categories
4974:Chiricahua
4969:Chemehuevi
4659:Newcomb HS
4553:KTNN Radio
4351:The Navajo
4107:The Navajo
3947:The Navajo
3902:2016-04-02
3875:2012-01-31
3846:2019-08-01
3817:2009-02-26
3803:"Synopsis"
3673:Adair 1989
3661:Adair 1989
3649:Adair 1989
3637:Adair 1989
3623:2021-10-13
3594:2021-10-13
3477:2023-12-04
3450:2016-05-31
3420:2016-05-31
3388:Kehoe 1992
3340:The Navaho
3224:0803297246
2718:Sides 2006
2649:: 149â161.
2630:: 139â164.
2532:2020-12-14
2345:References
2129:Ben Shelly
2123:Buu Nygren
2034:, musician
2010:, composer
1990:Performers
1815:Apie Begay
1801:See also:
1708:Korean War
1700:Fred Begay
1673:See also:
1658:Dark Winds
1592:New Mexico
1389:Silverwork
1349:See also:
1264:SisnaajinĂ
1202:See also:
1189:hĂłzhÇ«ÌÇ«ÌjĂ
1050:matrilocal
923:See also:
919:After 1945
816:See also:
642:See also:
575:Kit Carson
435:goods for
431:and woven
277:New Mexico
197:) peoples
115:California
107:New Mexico
5154:See also:
5110:dwellings
5039:Hopi-Tewa
4989:Havasupai
4705:Ganado HS
4676:Chinle HS
4627:Education
4437:President
3233:cite book
3198:147597303
2609:0002-7316
2522:144292342
2506:0003-1615
2038:Jock Soto
2028:, actress
2002:Blackfire
1468:Turquoise
1434:necklaces
1411:dragonfly
1355:Black God
1068:, of the
1039:exogamous
1011:Apacheans
833:In 1933,
682:In 1883,
666:Manuelito
656:1880â1910
605:Long Walk
583:Mescalero
413:Spaniards
411:from the
223:Hand Talk
132:Languages
68:Manuelito
5128:Mogollon
5004:Maricopa
4999:Hualapai
4868:Tertiary
4493:Language
4336:Archived
4275:Archived
4140:60013480
4123:67004921
4003:64020759
3944:(2006).
3896:Archived
3840:Archived
3751:Archived
3728:Archived
3617:Archived
3588:Archived
3557:Archived
3444:Archived
3294:pp 46â49
3190:25443605
3076:Archived
2900:Archived
2550:Archived
2526:Archived
2446:Archived
2394:Archived
2365:Archived
2333:NaabeehĂł
2307:-É-hoh,
2193:See also
2105:Red Mesa
1965:Klah Tso
1692:baseball
1442:earrings
1276:TsoodziĆ
1237:HĂłzhóójĂ
1223:HataaĆii
1174:kinaaldĂĄ
1123:Mud clan
802:Santa Fe
772:Untitled
421:blankets
214:Language
183:Apachean
160:Religion
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5143:Sinagua
5133:Patayan
5123:Hohokam
5083:Yavapai
5046:OÊŒodham
5029:Quechan
4979:Cocopah
4955:Arizona
4852:Private
4775:/Tribal
4619:(1940s)
4613:(1930s)
4576:Dinétah
4562:History
4508:Weaving
4481:Culture
4467:Rangers
4425:Council
4228:summary
2729:9
2162:Writers
1998:, actor
1916:of the
1827:painter
1797:Artists
1710:veteran
1632:30 Days
1588:Arizona
1564:Persian
1479:Weaving
1446:buckles
1438:bracers
1413:designs
1339:witches
1251:Dinétah
973:Culture
533:Narbona
488:Dinétah
449:Quechos
445:Apaches
335:Na-Dené
308:History
269:Arizona
248:of the
233:Dinétah
229:Country
154:Spanish
150:English
99:Arizona
18:Navajos
5176:Navajo
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5014:Navajo
5009:Mohave
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1462:najahe
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283:. The
275:, and
244:are a
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120:Canada
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4532:Media
4503:Music
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3501:(PDF)
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2241:Notes
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1450:bolos
1373:Music
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1031:clans
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4447:Flag
4210:ISBN
4187:ISBN
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4119:LCCN
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4037:ISBN
4016:ISBN
3999:LCCN
3983:ISBN
3971:ISBN
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3928:ISBN
3706:ISBN
3516:2016
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3239:link
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3087:2020
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