572:
1846:
32:
2852:
1832:
2969:
1874:
1860:
377:
727:, laws that made speaking Nawat illegal) made them conceal their use of the language. (About 30,000 people were killed during the uprising over the course of a few weeks, and those who spoke Nawat outside their homes against the new rules "provoked shame and fear." A young Nawat language activist, Carlos Cortez, explained in 2010 that this fear is worse for older speakers.)
433:, but now is mostly confined to western El Salvador. It has been on the verge of extinction in El Salvador, and has already gone extinct elsewhere in Central America. In 2012, a large number of new Nawat speakers started to appear. As of today, the language is currently going through a revitalization.
783:
Nawat had started to make a comeback as a result of the preservation and revitalization efforts of various non-profit organizations in conjunction with several universities, combined with a post-civil war resurgence of Pipil identity in El
Salvador. In the 1980s, Nawat had about 200 speakers. By
750:
project, and has also produced a range of printed materials. Thus, as the number of native speakers continues to dwindle, there is growing interest in some quarters in keeping the language alive, but as of 2002, the national government had not joined these efforts (cf. Various, 2002).
2691:, Secretaria de Docencia, Investigación Posgrado y Proyección Social. (1996) El náhuat de El Salvador: uno de los dialectos más importantes de la lengua nahua de la familia utoazteca junto con el náhuatl y el náhual. San Salvador: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de El Salvador.
1088:
to form plural nouns, of more limited distribution in the language of the Aztecs, is greatly generalised in Nawat. Still other grammatical features that were productive in
Classical Nahuatl have left only fossilised traces in Nawat: for example, synchronically Nawat has no
719:
have the highest concentration of speakers. Campbell's 1985 estimate (based on fieldwork conducted 1970–1976) was 200 speakers. Gordon (2005) reports only 20 speakers were left in 1987. Official
Mexican reports have recorded as many as 2000 speakers.
656:
Uto-Aztecan is uncontroversially divided into eight branches, including Nahuan. Research continues into verifying higher level groupings. However, the grouping adopted by
Campbell of the four southernmost branches is not yet universally accepted.
745:
of San
Salvador have both produced some teaching materials. Monica Ward has developed an on-line language course. The Nawat Language Recovery Initiative is a grassroots association currently engaged in several activities including an ongoing
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
2232:
Solano y Perez Lila, Francisco de. Areas lingüísticas y población de habla indígena de
Guatemala en 1772. Spain, Departamento de Historia de América de la Universidad de Madrid, 1969.
2406:
784:
2009, 3,000 people were participating in Nawat language learning programs, the vast majority being young people, giving rise to hopes that the language might be pulled back from the brink of extinction.
2456:"Náhuat, el renacimiento de una lengua. En 2003 quedaban solo unos 200 náhuat hablantes en todo el país. Seis años después, alrededor de 3 mil estudiantes de 11 escuelas reciben clases de este idioma"
2760:"Glosario cultural NÁWAT PIPIL Y NICARAO. El Güegüense y Mitos en lengua materna de los pipiles de Izalco. (Del náwat-pipil y náwat-nicarao al español e inglés con anotaciones al náhuatl-mexicano)"
2243:
2061:
Fowler, William Roy, The Pipil-Nicarao of
Central America, Thesis or Dissertation. Ph.D., Archaeology, University of Calgary, 1981 also published as a book by Univ of Oklahoma Press (June 1989),
1084:
in verbs. It distributes others differently: for example, 'subtractive' past formation, which is very common in the classical language, exists in Nawat but is much rarer. On the other hand,
2356:
62:
1660:'he knew it'. The mechanism of simply removing the present stem vowel to form past stems, so common in Classical Nahuatl, is limited in Nawat to polysyllabic verb stems such as
2430:
673:, focusing on "Pipil culture, such as natural medicines, traditions, traditional games, agricultural practices, and childhood songs," which is intended for language learners.
669:
are available at the website of linguist Alan R. King, including video lessons and a
Facebook group. A video documentation project is also underway, in collaboration with the
86:
853:
730:
A few small-scale projects to revitalize Nawat in El
Salvador have been attempted since 1990. The Asociación Coordinadora de Comunidades Indígenas de El Salvador (
723:
The exact number of speakers has been difficult to determine because persecution of Nawat speakers throughout the 20th century (massacres after suppression of the
2455:
1040:
past plural, etc.). This fact has been claimed by
Campbell to be diagnostic for the position of Nawat in a genetic classification, on the assumption that this
763:
472:
there during the 16th century. A hybrid form of Nahuat-Spanish was spoken by many Nicaraguans up until the 19th century. The Nawat language was also spoken in
548:
773:
awarded the National Culture Prize (Premio Nacional de Cultura 2010) to linguist Dr. Jorge Ernesto Lemus of Don Bosco University for his work with Nawat.
2253:
2826:
96:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
3767:
2943:
1965:
975:
An extinct variation of Nahuatl spoken on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Chiapas is speculated to have been closely related to Nahuat.
3081:
2360:
2209:
441:
1360:, the absolute suffix after consonants) is rarely added to polysyllabic noun stems, while the Classical postconsonantal construct suffix,
814:
437:
387:
762:, “Xuchikisa nawat” ("the house where Nawat blooms"), where children three to five years of age learned Nawat, run in cooperation with
894:
Nahuat was also formerly spoken in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, though it is now extinct in all of these countries.
3782:
445:
867:
2819:
2784:
2148:
3718:
3676:
2733:
2555:
2315:
2046:
1902:
994:
Two salient features of Nawat are found in several Mexican dialects: the change of to and rather than as the predominant
2936:
422:
201:
81:
3074:
2739:
104:
2759:
2463:
2381:
3777:
2812:
2494:
2066:
913:
as a former "Mejicano"-speaking town. The genetic position of San Agustín Acasaguastlán Mejicano is still uncertain (
117:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
734:
699:
In El Salvador, Nawat is endangered: it is spoken mostly by a few elderly speakers in the Salvadoran departments of
1997:
724:
3792:
3772:
2929:
1983:
576:
476:
by Toltec settlers who inhabited the region for hundreds of years before migrating further into Central America.
456:
for this language is mostly used by the international scholarly community to differentiate it more clearly from
3787:
3762:
3638:
3321:
3098:
3067:
2134:
910:
288:
2648:
2335:
3179:
2616:
Ma Timumachtika Nauataketsalis (Aprendamos el Idioma Náhuat). Guía Metodológica para la Enseñanza del Náhuat.
1101:'uncultivated land, forest' < *'under the trees'; these are synchronically unanalyzable in modern Nawat.
363:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1021:
1010:
1006:
1002:
3551:
3400:
2599:
2407:"Presidente Mauricio Funes entrega "Premio Nacional De Cultura" a lingüista, doctor, Jorge Ernesto Lemus"
3705:
3625:
3592:
3371:
3366:
3130:
2728:
716:
303:
571:
3757:
3526:
3417:
2780:
2688:
524:, states in the south of Mexico, that like Pipil have reduced the earlier /t͡ɬ/ consonant (a lateral
2789:
2275:
1419:), thus further reducing the number of absolute-construct oppositions and the incidence of absolute
998:
of a single basic rounded vowel phoneme. These features are thus characteristic but not diagnostic.
3122:
3048:
2910:
2835:
2659:
2162:
1392:
755:
670:
225:
112:
862:
708:
197:
2880:
704:
205:
3307:
1781:
tense) is generally found except in the first verb, regardless of the tense of the latter, e.g.
3556:
3027:
2952:
1851:
747:
2106:
3712:
3633:
3615:
3392:
3090:
2799:
2536:
947:. The conquest-era Papayeca population, who lived in the environs of the present-day city of
599:
509:
418:
283:
217:
133:
2078:
2036:
1080:
Nawat lacks some grammatical features present in Classical Nahuatl, such as the past prefix
916:
2582:
1966:"Náwat – y no náhuatl. El náwat centroamericano y sus sabores: Náwat pipil y náwat nicarao"
1093:, although a few lexical forms derive etymologically from older postpositional forms, e.g.
944:
700:
540:
209:
193:
3600:
2431:"Discurso del Presidente Mauricio Funes en la entrega del Premio Nacional de Cultura 2010"
2248:
1058:
One other characteristic phonological feature is the merger in Nawat of original geminate
8:
3405:
2865:
2723:
2705:
959:
237:
221:
126:
3566:
3345:
3282:
888:
44:
3546:
3477:
3350:
3237:
2982:
2857:
2485:
1837:
1438:
1327:
1308:
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is more archaic than the Classical Nahuatl reflex, where the direction change has been
948:
924:
241:
3276:
355:
3610:
3535:
3508:
3454:
3377:
3330:
3270:
3244:
3191:
3163:
3158:
3146:
2997:
2490:
2062:
2042:
1688:
1297:
229:
108:
2571:
Asociación Coordinadora de Comunidades Indígenas de El Salvador (ACCIES) (no date).
3605:
3582:
3561:
3490:
3427:
3222:
3214:
3002:
2974:
2895:
2885:
2505:
1879:
1865:
1845:
1731:
1301:
955:
778:
693:
588:
468:
who split from the Pipil around 1200 CE when they migrated south. Nawat became the
410:
293:
213:
20:
2724:
Munextia muchi ipal ne tehtechan tay tupal (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
2321:
1742:
for impossible ones, although the distinction is sometimes blurred in practice. A
3655:
3650:
3643:
3541:
3496:
3436:
3262:
3251:
3205:
3151:
3107:
3032:
2781:
Teotamachilizti iny iuliliz auh yni miquiliz Tu Temaquizticatzim Iesu Christo ...
2522:
1434:
1349:
902:
738:
610:
414:
275:
2775:
2300:
1931:
1644:(after consonants, following loss of the final vowel of the present stem), e.g.
3752:
3733:
3660:
3462:
3443:
3411:
3012:
2890:
1887:
770:
606:
556:
465:
368:
256:
2013:
1429:
have been eliminated from the Pipil grammatical system, and some monosyllabic
1326:'that, those' are also distinctively Nawat in form. The obligatory marking of
3746:
3485:
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3007:
2795:
2595:
2092:
1907:
1774:
1342:
1315:
1085:
1075:
984:
793:
759:
536:
469:
298:
2751:
1792:
are attached to verb-initial stems; principally, that in Nawat the prefixes
555:) generally treat Pipil/Nawat as a separate language, at least in practice.
425:
it was spoken in several parts of present-day Central America, most notably
2804:
2655:
1897:
1755:
1743:
1426:
1090:
1018:
696:. It was still spoken in Guatemala by almost nine thousand people in 1772.
603:
596:
592:
584:
580:
544:
3228:
923:
In Honduras, ethnic Nahua populations are present in small numbers in the
666:
339:
3184:
2921:
2664:. Izalco, El Salvador: Iniciativa para la Recuperación del Idioma Náhuat.
1770:
1430:
1334:
731:
426:
163:
3059:
1341:), which will contain at least one plural form, most commonly marked by
532:
share more similarities with Nawat than do the other Nahuatl varieties.
2018:
1778:
1704:
1633:
877:
848:
819:
809:
712:
689:
560:
183:
115:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2510:
Proyecto de alfabetos y ortografías para escribir las lenguas mayances
1892:
1712:
995:
972:, Costa Rica was home to a Nahua population during the 16th century.
928:
906:
898:
843:
685:
677:
563:(1988) classify Pipil among "Eastern Periphery" dialects of Nahuatl.
525:
461:
430:
348:
332:
179:
167:
2336:"Chapter 8 Testing and Evaluation = CALL program for learning Nawat"
963:
376:
1859:
833:
681:
513:
436:
In El Salvador, Nawat (Nahuat) was the language of several groups:
175:
2757:
2188:
3517:
2661:
Timumachtikan!: Curso de lengua náhuat para principiantes adultos
2382:"Dr. Jorge Lemus, Premio Nacional de Cultura (El Salvador, 2010)"
1912:
1716:
1338:
969:
932:
521:
517:
473:
457:
171:
2736:– includes grammar notes, vocabulary, texts and sound recordings
1738:
expressing possible conditions and possible results, and one in
1391:
An important number of nouns lack absolute forms and occur only
73:
2783:, Pipil text, from Internet Archive; English language article,
1789:
1331:
872:
838:
824:
449:
384:
252:
233:
2609:
Ma Timumachtika Nauataketsalis / Aprendamos el Idioma Náhuat.
2120:
1945:
936:
804:
2244:"Tiknekit timumachtiat ne nawat (Queremos aprender náhuat)"
940:
575:
Map of El Salvador's Indigenous Peoples at the time of the
529:
951:, have also been speculated to have been Nahuat speakers.
19:"Nahuat language" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1723:'he couldn't'), in the latter case having supplanted the
1005:
corresponds to not only the two Classical Nahuatl sounds
742:
2614:
Comisión Nacional de Rescate del Idioma Náhuat (1992b).
2607:
Comisión Nacional de Rescate del Idioma Náhuat (1992a).
85:
to this template: there are already 957 articles in the
2745:
2703:
A Template for CALL Programs for Endangered Languages.
2717:
2573:
Tukalmumachtiak Nahuat (Lengua Náhuat, Primer Ciclo).
2964:
2847:
1827:
383:
Pipil is classified as Critically Endangered by the
69:
65:
a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
2537:"9. Nahoas | Territorio Indígena y Gobernanza"
2623:El nawat de Cuscatlán: Apuntes para una gramática.
448:and is known to be the Nahua variety of migrating
2740:Iniciativa para la Recuperación del Idioma Náhuat
484:Most authors refer to this language by the names
3744:
2273:
2210:"A Video Library for Successor Pipil Generation"
1984:"2 Ways Nahuatl Helped Shape Nicaraguan Spanish"
798:
2696:Perfil de los pueblos indígenas en El Salvador.
1959:
1957:
1955:
2776:OLAC resources in and about the Pipil language
2489:(16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
2453:
2447:
1788:There are also some differences regarding how
954:In Nicaragua, the Nicaraos are present in the
796:as spoken in the 1970s include the following:
417:. It is the southernmost extant member of the
111:accompanying your translation by providing an
56:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
3075:
2937:
2820:
2554:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFerrero2002 (
2354:
1676:'he ran', and a handful of other verbs, e.g.
978:
792:Localities where Nawat/Pipil was reported by
2834:
2590:Vocabulario castellano-pipil pípil-kastíyan.
2357:"No hay nadie que sepa más de náhuat que yo"
2241:
1963:
1952:
1785:'he wants / wanted / would like to eat it'.
16:Nahuan language of El Salvador and Nicaragua
2669:Lenguas Indígenas de México y Centroamérica
2512:. Antigua: Editorial José de Pineda Ibarra.
2207:
2177:Lenguas Indígenas de México y Centroamérica
2028:
3082:
3068:
2951:
2944:
2930:
2827:
2813:
2543:
2411:Presidencia de la República de El Salvador
787:
375:
3089:
2678:San Salvador: Universidad de El Salvador.
508:) has also been used to refer to Nahuatl
2758:Rafael Lara-Martínez, Rick McCallister.
2034:
1496:
1136:
570:
388:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
3768:Indigenous languages of Central America
2585:.) San Salvador: Ministerio de Cultura.
2549:
1364:, is altogether unknown in Nawat: thus
1024:in nominal plural suffixes (e.g. Nawat
3745:
3516:
2720:, lessons, dictionaries, texts, videos
2718:Nawat Language Learning Resources site
2625:San Salvador: Ministerio de Educación.
2579:El pipil de la región de los Itzalcos.
1695:(synchronically unanalyzable), plural
3719:List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages
3677:Nahuatl language in the United States
3063:
2925:
2808:
2588:Calvo Pacheco, Jorge Alfredo (2000).
2435:ContraPunto - Noticias de El Salvador
2386:TEHUACÁN: RELIGIÓN, POLÍTICA, CULTURA
2009:
2007:
1903:Nawat language (typological overview)
1727:imperfect found in Mexican dialects.
1257:no generalized articles in Classical
2643:San Salvador: Universidad Don Bosco.
2292:
1514:common in Classical + some dialects
1423:in comparison to Classical Nahuatl.
1296:Nawat has developed two widely used
25:
2685:San Salvador: Editorial "Nosotros".
2121:"Nawat Language in Central America"
2079:"An Overview of Nicaraguan Spanish"
1946:"Nawat Language in Central America"
1783:kineki / kinekik / kinekiskia kikwa
1491:found in Classical + some dialects
1474:less complex; analytic substitutes
1032:) and verbal plural endings (Nawat
667:online resources for learning Nawat
13:
2785:The Discovery of A Lost Pipil text
2734:Nawat Language Recovery Initiative
2486:Ethnologue: Languages of the world
2317:Nawat Language Recovery Initiative
2189:"Alan R. King's - Nawat Resources"
2035:Campbell, Lyle (January 1, 1985).
2004:
905:as former Pipil-speaking areas of
14:
3804:
2790:Archivo General de Centro America
2752:Gospel Recordings Network: Nahuat
2748:– Nawat Bible translation project
2711:
2601:The Pipil Language of El Salvador
2038:The Pipil Language of El Salvador
1998:"Nahuatl Placenames In Nicaragua"
1754:) is attested but rarely used, a
1711:'he had seen the man') and as an
1597:'I would sing/I would have sung'
1097:'river' < *'in/on the water',
566:
3783:Endangered Uto-Aztecan languages
2967:
2850:
2298:
2041:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 5.
1872:
1858:
1844:
1830:
725:1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising
30:
2683:Notas del náhuat de Nahuizalco.
2630:Gramática elemental del náhuat.
2565:
2529:
2515:
2499:
2477:
2423:
2399:
2374:
2348:
2328:
2308:
2274:Roberto Valencia (2010-04-23).
2267:
2235:
2226:
2201:
2181:
2169:
2155:
2141:
2127:
2113:
2099:
2085:
1808:when word-initial retain their
1330:extends in Nawat to almost all
1210:nouns generally have absolutes
155:Nāwat, Nāwataketsalis (Náhuat)
123:{{Translated|es|Idioma náhuat}}
3183:(Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute,
2621:Geoffroy Rivas, Pedro (1969).
2483:Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.)
2214:Rising Voices » Languages
2071:
2055:
1990:
1976:
1938:
1924:
1348:Many nouns are invariable for
1104:
776:According to a 2009 report in
769:In 2010, Salvadoran President
479:
121:You may also add the template
1:
2276:"¡'Náhuat', levántate y anda"
1758:future being preferred, e.g.
2637:El náhuat y su recuperación.
2604:. Berlin: Mouton Publishers.
2355:Carlos Chávez (2010-11-07).
1616:
1610:
1604:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1530:
1527:
1516:
1513:
1493:
1490:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1286:
1284:no post-, only prepositions
1283:
1280:
1269:
1259:
1256:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1156:
1153:
1133:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
989:
628:Nahuan (Aztecan, Nahuatlan)
7:
1964:Mc Callister, Rick (2013).
1823:
1511:subtractive past formation
927:, in the municipalities of
891:as a Pipil-speaking area.
504:(along with the synonymous
93:will aid in categorization.
10:
3809:
3639:Tehuacan–Zongolica Nahuatl
2792:, contains Pipil documents
2689:Universidad de El Salvador
2208:Eddie Avila (2012-08-28).
1601:
1577:
1555:
1535:
1521:
1510:
1484:
1467:
1277:
1253:
1228:
1206:
1186:
1161:
1150:
1127:
1073:
1069:
982:
979:Nawat and Nahuatl compared
676:The varieties of Nawat in
528:) to a /t/. Those Mexican
68:Machine translation, like
18:
3727:
3697:
3669:
3624:
3591:
3575:
3525:
3507:
3476:
3453:
3426:
3391:
3359:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3295:
3261:
3213:
3204:
3172:
3139:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3041:
3020:
2991:
2959:
2903:
2874:
2842:
2618:San Salvador: Concultura.
2611:San Salvador: Concultura.
1480:'used to stay and sleep'
911:San Agustín Acasaguastlán
660:
374:
362:
346:
330:
325:
272:
262:
247:
189:
159:
154:
149:
45:the corresponding article
3778:Languages of El Salvador
3049:Nicaraguan Sign Language
2911:Salvadoran Sign Language
2836:Languages of El Salvador
2796:Pipil recordings project
2674:Roque, Consuelo (2000).
2649:Léxico del Náhuat Básico
2577:Arauz, Próspero (1960).
1918:
1699:. Another tense suffix,
1444:
1110:Comparison: Noun phrase
897:Kaufman (1970:66) lists
754:As of 2010, the town of
671:Living Tongues Institute
3552:Tlaxcala–Puebla Nahuatl
2676:Nuestra escuela náhuat.
2454:Alfredo Garcia (2009).
2024:(subscription required)
1636:, most Nawat verbs add
868:Santo Domingo de Guzmán
854:Santa Catarina Mazaguat
788:Geographic distribution
756:Santo Domingo de Guzmán
717:Santo Domingo de Guzmán
255:(2005 census), 20,000+
132:For more guidance, see
3793:Languages of Nicaragua
3773:Mesoamerican languages
3557:Central Puebla Nahuatl
2953:Languages of Nicaragua
2681:Todd, Juan G. (1953).
2646:King, Alan R. (2011).
2635:King, Alan R. (2004).
2628:King, Alan R. (2004).
2523:"NAHUA – Exposiciones"
1852:Central America portal
1703:, functions both as a
1411:'my mother' (but not *
1145:'tender, fresh (pl.)'
1013:but also a word final
748:language documentation
665:As of 2012, extensive
614:
3788:Verb-second languages
3763:Uto-Aztecan languages
3634:Sierra Puebla Nahuatl
3616:Temascaltepec Nahuatl
3091:Uto-Aztecan languages
2800:University of Wyoming
2701:Ward, Monica (2001).
2667:Ligorred, E. (1992).
2242:German Rivas (2010).
1656:'he knows it' :
1648:'he wants it' :
1602:initial prefixes /_V
1318:pronouns/determiners
1131:limited in Classical
863:Santa Isabel Ishuatán
743:Universidad Don Bosco
625:Southern Uto-Aztecan
574:
464:it was spoken by the
134:Knowledge:Translation
105:copyright attribution
2992:Indigenous languages
2875:Indigenous languages
2746:Ne Bibliaj Tik Nawat
2729:On-line Nawat course
2592:Izalco, El Salvador.
2583:Pedro Geoffroy Rivas
1812:in most cases, e.g.
1595:ni-takwika-(tu)-skia
1399:'my hand' (but not *
1229:possessive prefixes
962:departments, and in
945:Esquipulas del Norte
887:Gordon (2009) lists
764:Don Bosco University
737:2 March 2007 at the
589:Kakawira o Cacaopera
423:Spanish colonization
289:Southern Uto-Aztecan
3126:(including Bannock)
2163:"The Toltec Empire"
1773:constructions, the
1709:k-itz-tuya ne takat
1451:
1111:
535:Nawat specialists (
413:language native to
3547:Tetelcingo Nahuatl
3401:Downriver Guarijio
2858:El Salvador portal
2754:– sound recordings
2632:El Salvador: IRIN.
1838:El Salvador portal
1766:) 'he will come'.
1640:(after vowels) or
1449:
1322:'this, these' and
1278:post/prepositions
1213:many inalienables
1109:
1028: : Classical
925:Olancho Department
917:Alagüilac language
615:
611:Mangue o Chorotega
539:, Fidias Jiménez,
510:language varieties
113:interlanguage link
3740:
3739:
3734:extinct languages
3706:Proto-Uto-Aztecan
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3601:Michoacán Nahuatl
3536:Classical Nahuatl
3387:
3386:
3372:Southern Tepehuan
3367:Northern Tepehuan
3316:
3315:
3291:
3290:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3155:
3127:
3057:
3056:
2960:Official language
2919:
2918:
2843:Official language
2671:. Madrid: Mapfre.
2506:Kaufman, Terrence
2249:La Prensa Gráfica
2048:978-3-11-088199-8
2022:(18th ed., 2015)
2000:. 25 August 2018.
1820:'he forgets it'.
1630:
1629:
1450:Comparison: Verb
1433:originating from
1294:
1293:
1151:plural formation
885:
884:
396:
395:
145:
144:
57:
53:
3800:
3758:Nahuan languages
3606:Coatepec Nahuatl
3583:Huasteca Nahuatl
3567:Ometepec Náhuatl
3562:Guerrero Nahuatl
3523:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3418:Upriver Guarijio
3336:
3335:
3327:
3326:
3211:
3210:
3182:
3149:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3103:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3021:Creole languages
2977:
2975:Nicaragua portal
2972:
2971:
2970:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2694:Various (2002).
2560:
2559:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2503:
2497:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2462:. Archived from
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2359:. Archived from
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2320:, archived from
2312:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2252:. Archived from
2239:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2135:"Toltec Culture"
2131:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:"Nawat Language"
2103:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1970:Revista Caratula
1961:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1882:
1880:Nicaragua portal
1877:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1866:Languages portal
1863:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1684:'he asked him'.
1680:'he asks him' →
1652:'he wanted it',
1625:'he forgets it'
1478:kuchi nemi katka
1452:
1448:
1395:possessed, e.g.
1154:mostly suffixes
1112:
1108:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:present plural,
1023:
1012:
1008:
1004:
799:
779:El Diario de Hoy
617:(Campbell 1985)
577:Spanish conquest
557:Lastra de Suárez
551:, and Schultze,
405:, also known as
390:
379:
358:
342:
335:
294:Aztecan (Nahuan)
278:
147:
146:
124:
118:
92:
91:|topic=
89:, and specifying
74:Google Translate
55:
51:
34:
33:
26:
21:Nahuatl language
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3723:
3681:
3665:
3656:Tabasco Nahuatl
3651:Isthmus Nahuatl
3644:Orizaba Nahuatl
3620:
3587:
3571:
3542:Morelos Nahuatl
3503:
3472:
3449:
3422:
3383:
3355:
3312:
3287:
3283:Luiseño-Juaneño
3257:
3196:
3168:
3135:
3123:Northern Paiute
3093:
3088:
3058:
3053:
3037:
3016:
2987:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2955:
2950:
2920:
2915:
2899:
2870:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2838:
2833:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2714:
2706:On-line version
2568:
2563:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2504:
2500:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2366:
2364:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1734:tenses, one in
1664:'he puts it' →
1551:'I have slept'
1500:'he wanted it'
1447:
1439:grammaticalized
1368:'maize' :
1356:(cf. Classical
1337:(regardless of
1290:'in the river'
1207:inalienability
1173:generally kept
1128:plural marking
1107:
1078:
1072:
1001:However, Nawat
992:
987:
981:
790:
739:Wayback Machine
711:. The towns of
663:
654:
600:Ch'orti' people
569:
506:Eastern Nahuatl
482:
421:family. Before
415:Central America
392:
391:
382:
354:
338:
331:
321:
279:
276:Language family
274:
268:500 (2015)
265:
264:Native speakers
141:
140:
139:
122:
116:
90:
58:
52:(February 2024)
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3738:
3737:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3333:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3219:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3180:Colorado River
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3119:
3117:
3110:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3042:Sign languages
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2904:Sign languages
2901:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2793:
2787:
2778:
2773:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2742:– Spanish only
2737:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2712:External links
2710:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2692:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2653:
2644:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2596:Campbell, Lyle
2593:
2586:
2575:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2542:
2528:
2514:
2498:
2476:
2460:elsalvador.com
2446:
2422:
2398:
2373:
2347:
2327:
2307:
2299:Ward, Monica,
2291:
2266:
2234:
2225:
2200:
2180:
2168:
2154:
2140:
2126:
2112:
2098:
2084:
2070:
2054:
2047:
2027:
2003:
1989:
1975:
1951:
1937:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Nicarao people
1884:
1883:
1869:
1855:
1841:
1825:
1822:
1730:Nawat has two
1721:inte weli-tuya
1628:
1627:
1615:
1611:mostly retain
1609:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1463:Nawat example
1461:
1458:
1455:
1446:
1443:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1281:postpositions
1279:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1239:retain vowel (
1237:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1187:construct /C_
1184:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1157:mostly redup.
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1123:Nawat example
1121:
1118:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1074:Main article:
1071:
1068:
991:
988:
983:Main article:
980:
977:
883:
882:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
858:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
829:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
789:
786:
771:Mauricio Funes
662:
659:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
645:
644:
641:
637:General Aztec
635:
619:
607:Poqomam people
568:
567:Classification
565:
541:Geoffroy Rivas
481:
478:
466:Nicarao people
401:(academically
394:
393:
381:
380:
372:
371:
366:
360:
359:
352:
344:
343:
336:
328:
327:
326:Language codes
323:
322:
320:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
314:
313:
312:
311:
282:
280:
273:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
259:
249:
245:
244:
191:
187:
186:
161:
160:Native to
157:
156:
152:
151:
143:
142:
138:
137:
130:
119:
97:
94:
82:adding a topic
77:
66:
59:
40:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3805:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Miskito Coast
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2698:San Salvador.
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2656:King, Alan R.
2654:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2641:Científica 5.
2638:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2557:
2551:
2546:
2538:
2532:
2524:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2495:9781556712166
2492:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2466:on 2012-09-28
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2363:on 2012-09-29
2362:
2358:
2351:
2337:
2331:
2324:on 2010-05-20
2323:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2256:on 2015-12-25
2255:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2175:Ligorred, E:
2172:
2164:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2067:0-8061-2197-1
2064:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1941:
1934:. March 2021.
1933:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Nawat grammar
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:present tense
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1668:'he put it',
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1585:conditionals
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1520:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1471:more complex
1466:
1453:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:Postpositions
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1384:'cat' :
1383:
1379:
1376:'way' :
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1343:reduplication
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:demonstrative
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1264:, indefinite
1263:
1252:
1249:'my brother'
1248:
1242:
1236:before vowel
1235:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1182:'cat (abs.)'
1181:
1176:often absent
1169:
1165:
1160:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1126:
1113:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:postpositions
1087:
1086:reduplication
1083:
1077:
1076:Nawat grammar
1067:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1016:
999:
997:
986:
985:Nawat grammar
976:
973:
971:
967:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
918:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
892:
890:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
859:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
800:
797:
795:
785:
782:
780:
774:
772:
767:
765:
761:
760:language nest
757:
752:
749:
744:
740:
736:
733:
728:
726:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
658:
642:
639:
638:
636:
634:
630:
629:
627:
626:
624:
623:
621:
620:
618:
612:
608:
605:
601:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
477:
475:
471:
470:lingua franca
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
389:
386:
378:
373:
370:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
351:
350:
345:
341:
337:
334:
329:
324:
310:
307:
306:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:General Aztec
297:
296:
295:
292:
291:
290:
287:
286:
285:
281:
277:
271:
267:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:Nueva Segovia
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
158:
153:
148:
135:
131:
128:
120:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
88:
87:main category
84:
83:
78:
75:
71:
67:
64:
61:
60:
54:
48:
46:
41:You can help
37:
28:
27:
22:
3729:
3713:Proto-Nahuan
3711:
3704:
3534:
3495:
3442:
3435:
3410:
3376:
3275:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3227:
2766:. Retrieved
2702:
2695:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2647:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2589:
2578:
2572:
2566:Bibliography
2552:, p. 75
2550:Ferrero 2002
2545:
2531:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2484:
2479:
2468:. Retrieved
2464:the original
2459:
2449:
2438:. Retrieved
2434:
2425:
2414:. Retrieved
2410:
2401:
2390:. Retrieved
2388:. 2010-10-30
2385:
2376:
2365:. Retrieved
2361:the original
2350:
2339:. Retrieved
2330:
2322:the original
2316:
2310:
2301:
2294:
2283:. Retrieved
2279:
2269:
2258:. Retrieved
2254:the original
2247:
2237:
2228:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:
2203:
2192:. Retrieved
2183:
2176:
2171:
2157:
2143:
2129:
2115:
2101:
2087:
2073:
2057:
2037:
2030:
2017:
1992:
1978:
1969:
1940:
1926:
1898:Pipil people
1817:
1816:'I arrive',
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1777:(really the
1768:
1763:
1759:
1756:periphrastic
1751:
1747:
1744:future tense
1739:
1735:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:Nawat has a
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:'he runs' →
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:To form the
1631:
1622:
1621:
1620:'I arrive',
1617:
1612:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1578:
1571:ni-weli-tuya
1570:
1564:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1523:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1486:
1485:past prefix
1477:
1437:have become
1431:prepositions
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:'my maize',
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1335:noun phrases
1323:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1287:
1273:'the/a man'
1270:
1265:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1221:
1217:
1199:
1196:always zero
1190:
1179:
1167:
1163:
1142:
1141:
1140:'tortillas'
1137:
1134:generalized
1098:
1094:
1081:
1079:
1062:with single
1057:
1052:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1019:glottal stop
1014:
1000:
993:
974:
968:
953:
922:
914:
896:
893:
886:
791:
777:
775:
768:
753:
729:
722:
705:San Salvador
698:
675:
664:
655:
632:
622:Uto-Aztecan
616:
581:Pipil people
552:
534:
512:in southern
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
483:
453:
435:
406:
402:
398:
397:
347:
308:
206:San Salvador
109:edit summary
100:
80:
50:
42:
3393:Tarahumaran
3308:Tübatulabal
3150:(including
2581:(Edited by
1732:conditional
1549:ni-kuch-tuk
1536:perfect in
1468:inflection
1435:relationals
1393:inalienably
1288:tik ne apan
1271:ne/se takat
1105:Noun phrase
559:(1986) and
500:. However,
480:Description
452:. The name
442:Cuscatlecos
427:El Salvador
419:Uto-Aztecan
284:Uto-Aztecan
202:La Libertad
164:El Salvador
3747:Categories
3406:Tarahumara
2768:2012-09-30
2470:2012-09-30
2440:2012-09-30
2416:2012-09-30
2392:2012-09-30
2367:2012-09-30
2341:2012-09-30
2285:2012-09-30
2280:elmundo.es
2260:2012-09-30
2219:2012-09-02
2194:2012-09-30
2093:"Language"
2019:Ethnologue
1705:pluperfect
1678:ki-tajtani
1674:mu-talu(j)
1666:ki-tali(j)
1634:past tense
1573:'I could'
1567:(stative)
1556:imperfect
1505:'I slept'
1503:ni-kuch-ki
1388:'my cat'.
1380:'my way',
1309:indefinite
1202:'my path'
878:Teotepeque
849:Nahuizalco
820:Cuisnahuat
810:Chiltiupan
713:Cuisnahuat
709:Ahuachapán
690:Costa Rica
640:Core Nahua
553:inter alia
238:Guanacaste
218:Chinandega
198:Ahuachapán
184:Costa Rica
47:in Spanish
3732:indicate
3351:Pima Bajo
3238:Kitanemuk
2149:"Toltecs"
1893:Cuzcatlan
1818:ki-elkawa
1760:yawi witz
1713:imperfect
1682:ki-tajtan
1658:ki-mat-ki
1650:ki-neki-k
1498:ki-neki-k
1386:nu-mistun
1260:definite
1254:articles
1162:absolute
1143:sej-selek
1138:taj-tamal
996:allophone
990:Phonology
929:Catacamas
907:Guatemala
899:Escuintla
844:Nahulingo
815:Comazagua
701:Sonsonate
686:Nicaragua
678:Guatemala
633:(extinct)
631:Pochutec
526:affricate
462:Nicaragua
438:Nonualcos
431:Nicaragua
349:Glottolog
333:ISO 639-3
248:Ethnicity
234:Matagalpa
210:Escuintla
194:Sonsonate
180:Guatemala
168:Nicaragua
127:talk page
79:Consider
3611:Pochutec
3576:Huasteca
3478:Corachol
3378:Tepecano
3360:Tepehuan
3322:Southern
3271:Cahuilla
3245:Tataviam
3192:Kawaiisu
3173:Southern
3164:Timbisha
3159:Comanche
3147:Shoshoni
3099:Northern
3033:Rama Cay
2998:Garifuna
2881:Q'eqchi'
2658:(2011).
2598:(1985).
2508:. 1970.
1824:See also
1790:prefixes
1779:unmarked
1750:(plural
1670:mu-talua
1662:ki-talia
1623:kielkawa
1522:past in
1517:limited
1457:Nahuatl
1352:, since
1302:definite
1298:articles
1193:or zero
1117:Nahuatl
1053:saltillo
1015:saltillo
960:Jinotega
949:Trujillo
834:Jicalapa
794:Campbell
735:Archived
692:are now
682:Honduras
537:Campbell
514:Veracruz
356:pipi1250
257:Nicaraos
222:Jinotega
176:Honduras
103:provide
3730:Italics
3698:History
3626:Eastern
3593:Western
3527:Central
3518:Nahuatl
3509:Aztecan
3491:Huichol
3346:Oʼodham
3331:Tepiman
3229:Vanyume
3223:Serrano
3152:Gosiute
3140:Central
3116:Western
3003:Miskito
2983:Spanish
2866:Spanish
1932:"Nawat"
1913:Nahuatl
1814:ni-ajsi
1764:yu-witz
1740:-tuskia
1719:verbs (
1717:stative
1689:perfect
1654:ki-mati
1646:ki-neki
1583:-tuskia
1339:animacy
1247:nu-ikaw
1166:(Nawat
1070:Grammar
970:Bagaces
933:Gualaco
889:Dolores
694:extinct
522:Chiapas
518:Tabasco
498:Nicarao
474:Chiapas
458:Nahuatl
446:Izalcos
409:) is a
304:Eastern
251:11,100
242:Olancho
172:Chiapas
125:to the
107:in the
49:.
3497:Cazcan
3455:Cahita
3437:Eudeve
3428:Opatan
3277:Cupeño
3252:Tongva
3215:Serran
2896:Xincan
2493:
2065:
2045:
1771:serial
1697:-tiwit
1618:niajsi
1460:Nawat
1417:nan-ti
1409:nu-nan
1405:mey-ti
1397:nu-mey
1382:mistun
1370:nu-sin
1366:sin-ti
1332:plural
1328:number
1314:. The
1222:nan-ti
1218:mey-ti
1180:mistun
1120:Nawat
1099:kujtan
964:Sébaco
909:, and
903:Comapa
873:Tacuba
839:Juayua
825:Izalco
758:had a
741:) and
732:ACCIES
707:, and
688:, and
661:Status
561:Canger
520:, and
490:Nahuat
450:Toltec
411:Nahuan
407:Nahuat
385:UNESCO
253:Pipils
230:Masaya
190:Region
3753:Pipil
3670:Other
3661:Pipil
3463:Yaqui
3444:Opata
3412:Tubar
3339:Pimic
3296:Other
3263:Cupan
3206:Takic
3108:Numic
2891:Pipil
2886:Lenca
2763:(PDF)
2302:Nawat
2014:Nawat
1919:Notes
1752:-sket
1736:-skia
1701:-tuya
1605:lose
1579:-skia
1565:-tuya
1445:Verbs
1378:nu-uj
1374:uj-ti
1350:state
1232:lose
1200:nu-uj
1048:>
1011:/t͡ɬ/
956:Rivas
937:Guata
805:Ataco
643:Pipil
609:, 7.
602:, 6.
595:, 5.
593:Xinca
591:, 4.
587:, 3.
585:Lenca
583:, 2.
579:: 1.
549:Lemus
530:lects
502:Nawat
496:, or
494:Pipil
486:Nawat
460:. In
454:Pipil
403:Pipil
399:Nawat
369:Pipil
309:Nawat
214:Rivas
150:Nawat
70:DeepL
3486:Cora
3468:Mayo
3303:Hopi
3131:Mono
3013:Sumo
3008:Rama
2639:In:
2556:help
2491:ISBN
2063:ISBN
2043:ISBN
1804:and
1802:shi-
1762:(or
1693:-tuk
1591:yes
1545:yes
1538:-tuk
1531:yes
1415:or *
1403:or *
1358:-tli
1307:and
1224:...
1164:-tli
1095:apan
1060:/ll/
1038:-ket
1030:-meh
1026:-met
1009:and
958:and
943:and
941:Jano
920:).
915:see
901:and
715:and
604:Maya
597:Maya
545:King
429:and
101:must
99:You
63:View
3185:Ute
2798:at
2016:at
1806:ki-
1798:ti-
1794:ni-
1769:In
1746:in
1725:-ya
1715:of
1691:in
1642:-ki
1588:no
1560:-ya
1542:no
1528:no
1524:-ki
1494:no
1421:-ti
1413:nan
1407:),
1401:mey
1362:-wi
1354:-ti
1324:uni
1320:ini
1220:, *
1191:-wi
1168:-ti
1064:/l/
1050:/ʔ/
1046:/t/
1042:/t/
1022:/ʔ/
1017:or
1007:/t/
1003:/t/
364:ELP
340:ppl
72:or
3749::
2458:.
2433:.
2409:.
2384:.
2278:.
2246:.
2212:.
2006:^
1968:.
1954:^
1800:,
1796:,
1748:-s
1638:-k
1581:,
1487:o-
1441:.
1345:.
1312:se
1305:ne
1300:,
1266:se
1262:ne
1243:)
1170:)
1082:o-
1066:.
1055:.
1034:-t
966:.
939:,
935:,
931:,
766:.
703:,
684:,
680:,
547:,
543:,
516:,
492:,
488:,
444:,
440:,
240:,
236:,
232:,
228:,
224:,
220:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
196:,
182:,
178:,
174:,
170:,
166:,
3500:?
3187:)
3154:)
3083:e
3076:t
3069:v
2945:e
2938:t
2931:v
2828:e
2821:t
2814:v
2771:.
2651:.
2558:)
2539:.
2525:.
2473:.
2443:.
2419:.
2395:.
2370:.
2344:.
2288:.
2263:.
2222:.
2197:.
2165:.
2151:.
2137:.
2123:.
2109:.
2095:.
2081:.
2051:.
1986:.
1972:.
1948:.
1810:i
1707:(
1613:i
1607:i
1241:u
1234:o
1216:*
781:,
613:.
136:.
129:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.