539:
ex-Soviet republic and is, in effect, a one-party state in control of every aspect of life. Both
Barzanis and Talabanis stood accused by Mustafa of turning the regional government into a family business, empowering and enriching members of their own families, relatives, close associates, and party members and alienating nonpartisan Kurds. Mustafa disapproved of Talabanis close alliance with Barzani and also disliked Barzanis for historical and ideological reasons and accused the Barzanis of enriching themselves from Kurdistans economy.
33:
258:
547:
a fearful response to
Mustafa's one on one meeting with Barzani, in which Talabani was fearful that Barzani may seek Mustafa as his new political ally. Mustafa has refused to meet Talabani despite his various requests. The relationship between the one time friends had reached a low after the two traded accusations about each other's actions during the Kurdish revolution in the media.
465:
cells within the major Iraqi
Kurdish cities of As-Sulaymaniyah, Arbil, Mosul and Kirkuk. During this period, Mustafa made plans for a popular uprising, which would be initiated by the sleeper cells, and supported by the newly organised Peshmerga battalions which were placed along the Iraqi/Iranian border.
555:
An Erbil court under KDP Barzani instruction issued an arrest warrant for the
General Coordinator of Gorran (Change Movement) Nawshirwan Mustafa. Nawshirwan also faced a defamation lawsuit from the KDP that was aimed at setting a precedent that will negatively affect the press in the region and would
546:
In
November 2011, Jalal Talabani sent a delegation to "seek reconciliation" with Mustafa. The delegation was told that "Talabani should reconcile with the People, not with Gorran" and that "we do not have any personal issue with Talabani." The speedy attempt at reconciliation by Talabani was seen as
468:
In the spring of 1991, Mustafa, initiated his plan and on 5 March the town of Rania was liberated from Iraqi forces. Mustafa oversaw and conducted the operation, which resulted in the liberation of all the major cities, ending with the liberation of Kirkuk on 21 March 1991. Mustafa is known as the
542:
KDP controlled Erbil court issued an arrest warrant for
Mustafa, after he attempted to topple Barzani from the KRG presidency by amending the presidency law through parliament, the charges were called politically motivated and fabricated by his party at the time. The KDP also expelled four of his
464:
In 1988, Mustafa, with
Talabani and the leadership of PUK, decided to initiate a tactical retreat to the Iranian border in the hope that Saddam would end the Anfal Campaign. Over the course of the next three years, Mustafa oversaw the reorganisation of the Peshmerga Forces whilst creating sleeper
460:
During the late 1970s through the early '90s, Mustafa was the commander in chief of
Peshmerga forces, conducting a guerrilla war against the Iraqi Ba'athist army and government. After inflicting serious damage on the better equipped Iraqi army, the Ba'athist government turned to chemical warfare.
538:
Nawshirwan built his reputation on being a republican who opposed family rule and hereditary political parties. Mustafa challenged not only
Talabanis but also Barzanis, by describing them as outmoded tribal leaders and that they run the Kurdistan Region along the same dictatorial lines of an
567:
Mustafa's legacy has been tainted by his two sons Nma and Chia who have been embroiled in multiple corruption scandals and are held largely responsible for Gorran's demise by former and current members. Gorran has become everything
Nawshirwan was against, for example he was against corrupt,
469:
architect of the uprising because he oversaw the liberation of Kurdistan of Iraq for the first time since the creation of the state of Iraq. This subsequent autonomy has led to the current Kurdistan Regional government which is an autonomous region in Northern Iraq.
543:
ministers from the KRG cabinet and the speaker of parliament was barred from entering the capital Erbil as well as ordering the closure of Gorran's TV channel KNN in the cities of Erbil and Duhok in retaliation for Mustafas attempt to change the presidency law.
428:
Mustafa was Secretary General of the clandestine Komalai Ranjdaran also known as Revolutionary Organization of Toilers of Kurdistan or Kurdistan Toilers League which he founded in 1969 until it was dissolved into the PUK in 1992. Komala was influenced by
529:
Mustafa in 2011 called for holding new elections, dissolution of the Kurdistan regional government, dissolution of parliament, separating the armed forces from politics and returning illegally acquired wealth by parties and individuals to the people.
456:
represented three different movements: the “Green Line”, consisting mainly of Talabani's personal followers, the Marxist–Leninist Komala, and the Socialist Movement of Kurdistan, the most influential of these groups was Mustafa's Komala Randjaran.
476:
In July 2000, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan attacked the bases of Worker-communist Party and organizations close to it. During the attacks five were killed and some injured, also hundreds of party members were arrested. In 2011
472:
In the 1980s, he had the primary role in the PUK's numerous attacks on the communist groups. In 1983, Mustafa led the PUK forces to attack the Communist Party of Iraq's main base in the village Piştaşan, killing 150 communists.
411:
Mustafa joined KDP in 1960 where he was active in the youth branch. He allied himself with Barzani's opponents in the politburo and resigned from the party before the KDP split, he did not accept hereditary nature of the party.
461:
Using biological weapons such as nerve gas and mustard gas, Saddam Hussein initiated the Anfal Campaign in early 1987, with sustained use of chemical weapons and the mass genocide of hundreds of thousands of Kurdish civilians.
500:
in Sulaimaniyah. When asked why he had established such a vast media outlet, he stated, "We have attempted to change Kurdish politics from the inside, now let us attempt it from the outside."
364:, Mustafa hails from a city, not a village, and is not a member of a tribe, Nawshirwan built his reputation on being a republican who opposed family rule and hereditary political parties.
356:, the son of Mustafa Émin Khider. Sulaymaniyah has been home to the Mustafa Émin Khider family since the city was established in 1784. Unlike Kurdistan's other prominent political leaders
1173:
564:
Mustafa died in his hometown of Sulaymaniyah in the early hours of 19 May 2017 and was buried on 20 May 2017. While it hasn't been confirmed, he is thought to have died of pneumonia.
514:
The company's newspaper, Rozhnama, heavily criticized Jalal Talabani for deciding in March 2008 to sack party members from the PUK for speaking out against politicians in the press.
493:
on 31 May 2003, he stated Iraq and Kurdistan need to "enact news laws that live up to the spirit of the age and are in line with the principles of human rights and civil society."
1038:"Rudaw in English....The Happening: Latest News and Multimedia about Kurdistan, Iraq and the World - Controversy Renewed over Fate of Communist Group in Kurdistan"
1199:
1059:
367:
Mustafa attended the Royal King Faisal school in Sulaymaniyah and was also taught foreign languages by private tutors at an early age. He went on to study
497:
1553:
1508:
1224:
1164:
1422:
420:
Mustafa published the Razgari magazine in 1968, which represented the views of nationalists calling for greater autonomy for Kurds.
1573:
1344:
769:
Akkaya, Gülşah Neslihan; Torlak, Furkan; Baştürk, Levent; Küçükkeleş, Müjge; Demir, Zehra Senem; Ziya, Saliha (23 September 2013).
1583:
1238:
481:
filed a lawsuit against Nawshirwan Mustafa and four other PUK senior members at that time as the responsible for the attacks.
1578:
770:
739:
1558:
1073:
1037:
478:
1289:
1147:
1538:
1027:
Tareq Ismael, The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 201.
835:
780:
656:
638:
612:
594:
110:
1568:
1095:
994:
918:
489:
Mustafa has had a long history of pushing for free media in the region. In an interview with the London-based
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453:
297:
261:
80:
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1263:
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895:
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303:
1449:
968:
857:
1326:
883:
1533:
1528:
987:
Spaces of diasporas: Kurdish identities, experiences of otherness and politics of belonging
504:
430:
8:
579:
La kanārī Dānubawa bo khaṛī Nāwzang:political events in Iraqi Kurdistan from 1975 to 1978
511:, weekly newspaper, Sbeiy.com, news website, Dangi Gorran, Kurdish–Arabic radio station.
333:
200:
48:
934:
372:
1502:
1457:
1309:"Kurdistan opposition leader Nawshirwan Mustafa responds to speech of Jalal Talabani"
1218:
1143:
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990:
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568:
family-run political parties, and political parties becoming a family based company.
376:
368:
291:
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395:
337:
321:
286:
162:
103:
1115:
1011:
825:
747:
523:
490:
387:
383:
142:
683:
Jian: Çend lapereyek le mêjûy rojnamewaniy Kurdî, 1938-1958: rojnamewaniy nihênî
587:
Panjakan yaktari ashkenin: political events in Iraqi Kurdistan from 1979 to 1983
1398:"Market intervention and monopoly; Gorran under new wave of internal criticism"
1081:
361:
357:
1522:
1461:
946:
329:
281:
232:
72:
1371:"Gorran leader Nawshirwan Mustafa dies at 73 after long battle with illness"
533:
1016:
973:
862:
605:
Khulāna la bāznadā: the inside story of events in Iraqi Kurdistan 1984-1988
349:
158:
138:
437:. In 1970 Mustafa was sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Court in
210:
1397:
348:
Nawshirwan Mustafa was born on 22 December 1944 in the old quarter of
271:
236:
220:
32:
1423:"Iraqi Kurdistan's Movement for Change faces rebellion from within"
1074:"Kurdistan Communist Party Plans Lawsuit Against Opposition Leader"
508:
240:
1327:"Jalal Talabani says Nawshirwan Mustafa secession was aggressive"
442:
438:
401:
228:
1482:
www.fildisiajans.com.tr, Fildişi Ajans, Danışmanlık ve Yazılım.
989:. Sweden: Dept. of Sociology, Göteborg University. p. 56.
434:
391:
224:
1142:. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 16, 17, 27, 29.
257:
1290:"PUK leader Talabani seeks reconciliation with Gorran leader"
911:
Iraqi Kurdistan: Political Development and Emergent Democracy
768:
190:
353:
176:
166:
534:
Republicanism and rivalry with the Barzanis and Talabanis
503:
He established the Wusha Corporation which consisted of,
550:
332:
politician who served as the General Coordinator of the
1264:"Political crisis escalates in Iraq's Kurdistan region"
180:
667:
Kurdistanî ʻÊraq: serdemî qełem u muraceʻat, 1928-1931
1200:"Erbil court issues arrest warrant for Gorran leader"
1481:
1345:"What's the Difference between Barzani and Saddam?"
1163:
649:Mīrāyatī Bābān lah nǐwān bardāshī R̮ǔm ū ʻAjamʹdā
1520:
1116:KurdishMedia.com: News about Kurds and Kurdistan
1058:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1040:. Archived from the original on 11 February 2011
651:. Kurdistan: Melbendî Awedanî Kurdistan. 1998.
448:
340:from 1 April 2009 to his death on 19 May 2017.
1193:
1191:
876:Middle East Research & Information Project
675:Jian: Be tementirîn rōjnamey kurdî 1926 - 1938
607:. Kurdistan: Meľbenî Awedanî Kurdistan. 1999.
402:Political, military and media career 1960–2017
851:
849:
847:
406:
1507:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1165:"Kurdish voters rebel against corrupt elite"
631:Hukumati Kurdistan: Kurd le gemey Sovieti da
1223:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1188:
93:1 November 1976 – 30 November 2006
908:
844:
31:
1484:"ORSAM-Center for Middle Eastern Studies"
1009:Mohammed M. A. Ahmed, Michael M. Gunter,
960:
798:"Iraqi Kurds vote in 'vibrant' elections"
740:"Nawshirwan Mustafa dies in Sulaymaniyah"
1554:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan politicians
1427:Al Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East
336:and the leader of the opposition in the
1488:ORSAM-Center for Middle Eastern Studies
1197:
556:have a negative effect on journalists.
526:in 2009 and was its leader until 2017.
496:In March 2007, Mustafa established the
1521:
1239:"Gorran Leader Mustafa's Hard Choices"
984:
824:Gunter, Michael M. (4 November 2010).
823:
734:
732:
517:
1447:
1395:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
551:Arrest warrant and defamation lawsuit
441:. As a result, he went into exile in
1448:Salih, Mohammed A. (3 August 2009).
1306:
1012:The evolution of Kurdish nationalism
819:
817:
815:
795:
729:
559:
479:Worker-communist Party of Kurdistan
423:
415:
325:
62:1 April 2009 – 19 May 2017
13:
1120:
969:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
827:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
320:(22 December 1944 – 19 May 2017) (
14:
1595:
1176:from the original on 18 June 2022
909:Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2003).
812:
855:Edmund Ghareeb, Beth Dougherty,
830:. Scarecrow Press. p. 221.
256:
79:Deputy Secretary General of the
1475:
1441:
1415:
1389:
1363:
1337:
1319:
1300:
1282:
1256:
1231:
1156:
1140:Iraqi Kurds and Nation-Building
1109:
1096:"The Future of the Iraqi Kurds"
1088:
1066:
1030:
1021:
1003:
978:
772:Irak Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu
571:
1584:Kurdish independence activists
1138:Ahmed, Mohammed M. A. (2016).
927:
902:
867:
789:
762:
1:
939:The Christian Science Monitor
913:. United Kingdom: Routledge.
858:Historical Dictionary of Iraq
722:
343:
1579:Iraqi Kurdistani politicians
746:(in Kurdish). Archived from
589:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 1997.
449:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
262:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
81:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
7:
1574:People of the Iran–Iraq War
1559:Gorran Movement politicians
878:. Issues 186–197: 3, 4, 24.
717:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 2012.
709:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 2009.
701:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 1995.
693:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 1981.
685:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 2004.
677:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 2002.
669:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 2000.
625:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 1992.
581:. Kurdistan: Zargata. 1997.
47:General coordinator of the
10:
1600:
796:Muir, Jim (24 July 2009).
633:. Kurdistan: K.I.B. 1993.
407:Kurdistan Democratic Party
375:and international law at
311:
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267:
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216:
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196:
186:
172:
148:
125:
120:
116:
109:
97:
86:
78:
66:
55:
46:
42:
30:
23:
1539:People from Sulaymaniyah
484:
298:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
16:Iraqi Kurdish politician
1569:Kurdish revolutionaries
1243:washingtoninstitute.org
1103:washingtoninstitute.org
304:Operation Northern Iraq
985:Alinia, Minoo (2004).
874:"Middle East Report".
1084:on 16 September 2011.
1564:Kurdish nationalists
1544:Iraqi Kurdish people
1450:"Changing Kurdistan"
1294:kurdistantribune.com
715:Edeb û Tarikhi Kurdi
699:Kêşey Partî û Yekêtî
505:Kurdish News Network
966:Michael M. Gunter,
935:"The war hits home"
518:Movement for Change
507:, TV news channel,
334:Movement for Change
201:Movement for Change
49:Movement for Change
1296:. 7 November 2011.
373:Baghdad University
318:Nawshirwan Mustafa
37:Nawshirwan Mustafa
25:Nawshirwan Mustafa
1307:Khailany, Rebin.
1270:. 12 October 2015
941:. 24 March 2003.
498:Wusha Corporation
377:Vienna University
369:political science
315:
314:
292:Operation Zafar 7
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1172:. 26 July 2009.
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1160:
1154:
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1135:
1118:
1113:
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1100:
1092:
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1080:. Archived from
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1007:
1001:
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899:
894:has extra text (
893:
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582:
560:Death and legacy
522:Mustafa founded
431:Marxism–Leninism
424:Komala Ranjdaran
416:Razgari Magazine
338:Kurdistan Region
327:
326:نەوشیروان مستەفا
287:Operation Fath 1
260:
248:Military service
163:Kurdistan Region
155:
136:22 December 1944
135:
133:
121:Personal details
104:Kosrat Rasul Ali
100:
91:
69:
60:
35:
21:
20:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1549:Kurdish Muslims
1519:
1518:
1517:
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1492:
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1480:
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1352:
1351:. 2 August 2010
1349:National Review
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1170:The Independent
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691:Karesati Hekari
689:
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629:
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491:Asharq Al-Awsat
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451:
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409:
404:
346:
197:Political party
157:
153:
143:Kingdom of Iraq
137:
131:
129:
98:
92:
87:
67:
61:
56:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1149:978-1137034083
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995:
977:
959:
926:
919:
901:
866:
843:
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811:
788:
781:
761:
750:on 22 May 2017
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405:
403:
400:
382:He also spoke
362:Jalal Talabani
358:Masoud Barzani
345:
342:
313:
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309:
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306:
295:
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268:Branch/service
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156:(aged 72)
150:
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127:
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118:
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107:
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101:
95:
94:
84:
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53:
52:
44:
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40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1451:
1444:
1429:. 9 July 2018
1428:
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1399:
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1377:. 19 May 2017
1376:
1375:www.rudaw.net
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1198:Kurdistan24.
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972:, p. 221, at
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905:
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892:|volume=
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