Nursultan Nazarbayev

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attorney arrived, and in some cases used corrupt defense attorneys to gather evidence. The law does not adequately provide for an independent judiciary. The executive branch sharply limited judicial independence. Prosecutors enjoyed a quasi-judicial role and had the authority to suspend court decisions. Corruption was evident at every stage of the judicial process. Although judges were among the most highly paid government employees, lawyers and human rights monitors alleged that judges, prosecutors, and other officials solicited bribes in exchange for favorable rulings in the majority of criminal cases.

5103: 5023: 4488: 4752: 4741: 5037: 4941: 1008: 5127: 4619: 4605: 1904: 5050: 3977:. Prior to that, Aisultan made several public statements on social media that Nazarbayev was his biological father and that his life was constantly threatened. He also accused his grandfather's associates of plotting and scheming. In response, Nazarbayev described Aisultan as being very similar to himself, expressing his regrets by telling that "one could not have sent him anywhere, but it was impossible to keep him. He was already a slave to this work and could not stop. We treated him in Moscow, and we treated him in London. It seems that I went out and came back to it again." 4687: 1838: 4996: 5291: 5181: 4306: 1550:. Kazakhstan at that time was seen as a backwater republic within the Soviet Union with its industry being heavily reliant upon rich raw materials, specifically in mining sectors and was forced upon to import its consumer goods from other Soviet republics. It faced problems especially in countryside with a need state farm repairs, as well as housing for farmers, lack of available preschools for rural children which Nazarbayev during his tenure raised issues in regard to these problems that was reportedly met with disagreements amongst the republic's leadership. 1507: 4386: 5384: 5076: 1768: 2618: 3767:"The party's program announced by our President today is ambitious and at the same time calculated, supported by financial and human resources. It is a logical extension of our reforms. Throughout the years of independence, I have always set clear goals, and I have said that it is necessary to work hard and hard to achieve them. And now it's the same. I support this program proposed by the President and our common task is to rally around it and work together. You have to believe in yourself, love your homeland and do everything possible for progress." 941: 5344: 5357: 4142: 3434: 4632: 4268: 4339: 3915: 4433: 4592: 2658: 4887: 13946: 4860: 1429:; while living with his paternal uncle, as his parents had not owned dwelling in the place for a brief period. Nazarbayev later himself chose to settle in the upper part of Chemolgan where mainly ethnic Russians lived, in order to master Russian while communicating with them. Despite performing well at school, by the time Nazarbayev was in 10th grade, all the classes in the same grade were called off due to a student shortage and as a result in 1957, he was sent to a boarding school named after 4007: 5319: 4806: 5371: 4660: 5411: 4779: 2919: 2085: 5196: 2541:, it was identified at least $ 785 million in European and U.S. real estate purchases made by Nazarbaev's family members and their in-laws in six countries over a 20-year span. This figure includes a handful of properties that have since been sold, including multimillion-dollar apartments in the United States bought by Nazarbaev's brother, Bolat. It does not include a sprawling Spanish estate owned by Kulibaev, for which a purchase price could not be found. 4555: 5398: 5251: 4901: 4542: 1814:(upper house) were held in December 1995 which convened in January 1996. Nazarbayev dismissed the accusations from critics of him personally dissolving the legislature by claiming that it was under Constitutional Court's orders, saying "the law is the law, and the President is obliged to abide by the constitution, otherwise, how will we build a rule-of-law state?" and that the cancellation of the 1996 presidential elections was made by the decision of the 973: 4983: 14120: 4955: 3882:

for "demonstrations and murders" while expressing condolences to the families of the victims in the protests. During the address, Nazarbayev dismissed any rumours in regard to supposed inner conflict between the country's elite by calling them "absolutely groundless", insisting that he'd been a pensioner ever since handing over presidency to Tokayev whom he remarked "possesses full power" as he was set to be elected as the new chairman of the ruling

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activists, affirming that it would increase Tokayev's governing powers and influence over the Kazakh politics while some going as far as proclaiming it as an end to the "era of Nazarbayev". According to Nazarbayev's press secretary Aidos Ükıbai, the decision was a "logical continuation of the transit of power" with the party needing to be main support for Tokayev due to "the global crisis caused by the

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of the national plan resulted in Kazakhstan's transition from a five-tier judicial system to a three-tier one in early 2016 yet it severely restricted access to the cassation review of cases by the Supreme Court. However, the expansion of jury trials has not been implemented. Furthermore, Nazarbayev abolished the local police service in 2018 following the public outrage over the murder of

2601:, Nazarbayev assured the nation in October 2008 that it would deal with the crisis by introducing a rescue package amounted to 10% of the country's GDP, of which was funded thanks in part to the national sovereign wealth fund. In his state of address on 6 March 2009, he announced 350,000 jobs for workers in the spheres of infrastructure projects as well as the creation of the 4408: 4375: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2624: 2896:, remained in detention after unfair trials. In mid-2014, Kazakhstan adopted new criminal, criminal executive, criminal procedural, and administrative codes, and a new law on trade unions, which contain articles restricting fundamental freedoms and are incompatible with international standards. Torture remains common in places of detention." 4317: 4581: 4397: 3373:. From there, Trump praised Kazakhstan as "a valued partner in our efforts to rid the Korean peninsula of nuclear weapons... and prevent the North Korean regime from threatening the world with nuclear devastation" and noted the country's crucial support for U.S. forces in Afghanistan and preventing a safe haven for terrorists. 2621: 1794:. From that period, all bills were adopted on the basis of presidential decrees such as outlawing any civic participation in an unregistered and/or illegal public association who would be punished with 15-day jail sentence or fines from 5 to 10 times the minimum monthly wage in an effort "to fight organized crime." An 3779:, telling "what is there to talk about now in the United States of America, the OSCE was not allowed in the elections at all. The Democrats did not allow Republican observers and so on. It is not in order to criticize a big state, but if we are criticized, then why are there such disorders?". In his response to the 5264: 4419: 4295: 4157: 2943:'s 2015 Rule of Law Index was 65 out of 102; the country scored well on "Order and Security" (global rank 32/102), and poorly on "Constraints on Government Powers" (global rank 93/102), "Open Government" (85/102) and "Fundamental Rights" (84/102, with a downward trend marking a deterioration in conditions). 4280: 2589:, due to lack of high liquid investments. Nazarbayev pledged for to continue in advancing for an "independent, open and free market economy." Starting from early 2000's, the Kazakh economy faced huge growth thanks to its development in energy sector and high oil prices. Nazarbayev published his manifesto: 3172:, on an upcoming visit. In one of his speeches however, Nazarbayev criticised Iran as one of the countries that provides support for terrorism. The Kazakh Foreign Ministry however, released a statement on 19 December, saying his remarks were not "what he really meant," and his comments were "mistakes." 2577:

in December 1993, significant changes were made in which all specialized banks were transformed into a joint stock company, and the National Bank was granted a number of powers. In March 1995, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the National Bank as an independent entity that is accountable only for the

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within Kazakhstan. This resulted in a rapid inflation of goods, causing discontent amongst citizens, thus forcing Nazarbayev on 12 January to sign a "On additional measures for social protection of the population in the context of price liberalisation" which established partial state-regulated prices

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stimulus package that was designed in softening the social blow caused by economic troubles. At a later news conference, Nazarbayev speaking about the electoral results remarked, "I apologize that for superdemocratic states such figures are unacceptable. But I could do nothing. If I had interfered, I

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which allowed the incumbent president—himself—to run for an unlimited number of five-year terms. This amendment applied specifically and only to Nazarbayev: the original constitution's prescribed maximum of two five-year terms will still apply to all future presidents of Kazakhstan. That same year in

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announced its resolution which declared that Nazarbayev's second term was, in fact, his first due to the adaptation of the new Kazakh Constitution which took place in 1995 during Nazarbayev's first term. This allowed him the opportunity to run for another election as his term was set to end in 2007.

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and Kazakhstan's role as an important oil supplier for the U.S. Nazarbayev proclaimed that "in economics, in energy partnership, in policy, in war on terror, we truly become close partners.", referring to U.S. support for Kazakhstan's independence. He also challenged for Bush and other world leaders

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that would connect western Kazakhstan and China with John C. K. Daly from the Jamestown Foundation describing it as "a symbolic link between two of the 21st century's rising powers, joining a booming producer with a cash-flush consumer." A construction of the expansion project was fully completed in

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approved a constitutional amendment which would allow Nazarbayev to seek re-election as many times as he wishes. This amendment applies specifically and only to Nazarbayev, since it states that the first president will have no limits on how many times he can run for office, but subsequent presidents

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which called for Nazarbayev to stop the momentum on land sales and solve the nation's problems as well. In response to the fears of the lands being sold to foreigners, especially Chinese, Nazarbayev fired back at claims, calling them "groundless" and warned that any provocateur would be punished. On

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The National plan "100 concrete steps" introduced by President Nazarbayev included measures to reform the court system of Kazakhstan, including the introduction of mandatory jury trials for certain categories of crimes (Step 21) and the creation of local police service (Step 30). The implementation

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says that "Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion. In 2014, authorities closed newspapers, jailed or fined dozens of people after peaceful but unsanctioned protests, and fined or detained worshippers for practicing religion outside state controls. Government critics,

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reported in 2002 that Nazarbayev had in the mid-1990s secretly stashed away $ 1 billion of state oil revenue in Swiss bank accounts, the decapitated carcass of a dog was left outside the newspaper's offices, with a warning reading "There won't be a next time"; the dog's head later turned up outside

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on 5 March 2017, making the president no longer able to override parliamentary votes of no-confidence, while giving the legislative branch to form a government cabinet, implementing state programs and policies. The move was seen as way by Nazarbayev to ensure the potential of a peaceful transfer of

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Growing frustrated over the problems within the Kazakh SSR, at the 16th Session of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan held in January 1986, Nazarbayev criticized Askar Kunayev, head of the Academy of Sciences, for not reforming his department. Dinmukhamed, Nazarbayev's boss and Askar's brother, felt

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On 18 January 2022, Nazarbayev made his first public appearance in a video address since the unrest, calling the events a "tragedy" which "became a lesson for all of us." From there, he urged the public "to protect independence like the apple of one's eye" by finding out unknown people responsible

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In 2014, Vladimir Putin's remarks regarding the historicity of Kazakhstan, in which he stated that Nazarbayev "created a state on a territory that never had a state ... Kazakhs never had any statehood, he has created it" led to a severe response from Nazarbayev. Four years later, in February 2018,

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Under the leadership of Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan enacted some degrees of multiculturalism in order to retain and attract talents from diverse ethnic groups among its citizenry, and even from nations that are developing ties of cooperation with the country, in order to coordinate human resources onto

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in which the term of office of the president was increased from 5 to 7 years as well as term limits. The changes also removed restriction on the maximum required age of a presidential candidate. The following day on 8 October, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the election date for January 1999. He

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In his role as a bureaucrat, Nazarbayev dealt with legal papers, logistical problems, and industrial disputes, as well as meeting workers to solve individual issues. He later wrote that "the central allocation of capital investment and the distribution of funds" meant that infrastructure was poor,

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In an October 2021 interview, Nazarbayev revealed that he had suffered a disease in his spine back in 2011, to which it became noticed while attending a concert, resulting him being carefully escorted out of the hall and eventually undergo a vertebra surgery to which Nazarbayev stated was amongst

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on 4 June 2020 setting the date of closed primaries would be held within the party "for open and political competition, promote civic engagement in the political process, and empower women and the youth of the country" to which he instructed for the party to include 30% of women and 20% of people

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Following Kazakhstan's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 16 December 1991, Turkey was among the first countries to recognize the new sovereign Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev paid his first official visit to Ankara in October 1992 to commensurate the opening of the Kazakh embassy in the

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where he met with Nazarbayev as both parties discussed issues related to the establishment and expansion of cooperation in trade, economic, scientific, technical, and cultural spheres. From there, Agreement on Cooperation between the Kazakh SSR and the Republic of Turkey was signed, making it the

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However, in 2012, Nazarbayev proposed reforms, which were later enacted by the parliament, imposing stringent restrictions on religious practices. Religious groups were required to re-register, or face closure. The initiative was explained as an attempt to combat extremism. However, under the new

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amidst political scandals evolving Tereshchenko and government ministers. Nazarbayev objected to the change, arguing that the Constitution gave the president the right to appoint the PM with already existing parliamentary confirmation regardless of the motion of confidence. However, he eventually

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for life. These reforms, which were approved by the Constitutional Council on 28 June, also expanded the powers of the Security Council, granting it the status of a constitutional body. The amendment states that, "The decisions of the security council and the chairman of the security council are

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effectively while supporting the economy". As of June 2020, the fund gathered over 28 billion tenge ($ 69.3 million) to provide financial aid to more than 470,000 families in 23 cities as part of the fund's three waves of assistance. Upon his diagnosis with COVID-19 in mid-June of that year, he

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political council meeting, it was revealed that Nazarbayev would resign from the party's leadership and suggested President Tokayev to take over the position, stressing that the Nur Otan should be led by an incumbent president. The move was met with various reactions from political analysts and

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conducted his first ever visit to Kazakhstan in mid-December 2016, when he met with Nazarbayev. The two countries signed agreements on research and development, aviation, civil service commissions and agricultural cooperation, as well as a declaration on establishing an agricultural consortium.

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The law does not require police to inform detainees that they have the right to an attorney, and police did not do so. Human rights observers alleged that law enforcement officials dissuaded detainees from seeing an attorney, gathered evidence through preliminary questioning before a detainee’s

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Kazakhstan inherited from the Soviet Union the world's fourth-largest stockpile of nuclear weapons. Within four years of independence, Kazakhstan possessed zero nuclear weapons. In one of the new government's first major decisions, Nazarbayev closed the Soviet nuclear test site at Semipalatinsk

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responded to Tokayev's statements claiming that "there's still a lot of time" for Nazarbayev to decide on whether to run for re-election pointing out that the decision will be primarily based on his. He also added that the country would only benefit if Nazarbayev chooses to run for sixth term.

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After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan faced mass unemployment and emigration. Nazarbayev was viewed to have followed Russia's economic reforms starting with price liberalisations. On 3 January 1992, he signed a decree "On measures to liberalise prices", an attempt to stabilise the

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to meet with Nazarbayev, in the first visit by an African leader to the country in years. This would be the last foreign head of state that Nazarbayev would receive while in office. Nazarbayev's last state visit to a foreign country took place five days prior to his resignation, visiting the

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and that he had stayed in the country the whole time. From there, Ükıbai stated that Nazarbayev "holds a number of consultative meetings" and is in direct contact with President Tokayev, whom he urged everyone to rally around with "to overcome current challenges and ensure the integrity" of

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to succeed his role, describing it as an emotional "serious step". However from there, Tokayev suggested for Nazarbayev to be named as an "Honorary Chairman" by the QHA to which his statements received applause. Nazarbayev accepted the offer, promising to continue to work with the Assembly.

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and other nations. By 1996, 120 nations had recognized Kazakhstan, and it had established diplomatic relations with 92 countries. The first major diplomatic initiatives by Nazarbayev were dealing with strategic issues, such as obtaining international security guarantees in the aftermath of

4469: 1480:) and full-time worker for the party, while attending the Karagandy Polytechnic Institute. He was appointed secretary of the Communist Party Committee of the Karaganda Metallurgical Kombinat in 1972, and four years later became Second Secretary of the Karaganda Regional Party Committee. 4235: 2573:'s Economic Memorandum for the next three years, which has been defined as an economic strategy. It included strict measures to reform the economy and establish macroeconomic stability and set the task of carrying out rapid and vigorous privatization. During the introduction of the 4246: 4227: 14501: 4219: 4211: 4195: 4179: 1236:. Foreign investments in key industries fueled modernization and infrastructure development. Additionally, Nazarbayev's foreign policy approach emphasized maintaining good relations with major powers and actively integrating Kazakhstan into regional organizations such as the 2649:, Nazarbayev signed the founding treaty of the Eurasian Union (EEU) in Astana, paving the way for the transition from their current customs union to the full-fledged EEU on 1 January 2015. Nazarbayev named Honorary Chairman of Supreme Eurasian Economic Council in May 2019. 2064:

Nazarbayev has always emphasized the role of education in the nation's social development. In order to make education affordable, on 13 January 2009, he introduced educational grant "Orken" for the talented youth of Kazakhstan. This decree was amended on 23 September 2016.

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increased its ranks as all pro-presidential parties began merging into one. Nazarbayev supported the move, stating the need for there to be fewer, but stronger parties that "efficiently defend the interests of the population." In December 2006, the Otan renamed itself into

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In a speech given in December 2006 marking the fifteenth anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence, Nazarbayev stated he wished to join with Iran in support of a single currency for all Central Asian states and intended to push the idea forward with the President of Iran,

11719: 4257: 4187: 2825:. Earlier the organisers of similar events were only representatives of leading religions and denominations. Among other similar events aimed at establishing interdenominational dialogue were the meetings of representatives of world religions and denominations held in 2182:

receives more investment than Kazakhstan because it is not a "-stan" country, even though it is in the same neighborhood, and not as stable as Kazakhstan. However, he noted that decision should be decided by the people on whether the country should change its name.

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clashed with police on the country's Independence Day. Fifteen people were shot dead by security forces and almost 100 people were injured. Protests quickly spread to other cities but then died down. The subsequent trial of demonstrators uncovered mass abuse and

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party. Nazarbayev remarked about his achievements as president in which his goal was to form "stability and tranquility for the country" by calling for everyone to protect these "enduring values" and for unity around the Tokayev by supporting his reform agenda.

1565:, an ethnic Russian, who despite his office, had little authority in Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev was named party leader and the top position (First Secretary of the Communist Party) on 22 June 1989, only the second Kazakh (after Kunayev) to hold the post. He was the 14511: 14506: 3863:

chief editor Alexei Venediktov, claiming that he was preparing to leave the country for unspecified treatment citing inner diplomatic circle. The Kyrgyz media reported that a private jet belonging to Nazarbayev's family had allegedly arrived in the capital of

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vaccine against the virus. From there, he urged everyone to get vaccinated due to emergence of the new COVID-19 strains for their health, acknowledging the challenging times happening in amidst of the pandemic and wishing health and wellbeing for the public.

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Since 2014, Nazarbayev has set strategic priority in Kazakhstan for economic diversification which would maintain the country's stability by avoiding the effects from its oil export reliance that would affect the economy through its constant price downfalls.

2690:. It was officially approved by the Decree of the President on 6 April 2015. The goal of the plan was for development and improvement of tourist, industrial and housing infrastructure, create 395,500 new jobs, and increase the GDP growth rate 15.7 by 2019. 3856:. Questions regarding Nazarbayev's whereabouts arose as he was viewed to be the main target in the unrest with anti-Nazarbayev slogans being chanted throughout protests along with monuments and street names dedicated to him being vandalized and torn down. 3144:

In December 2002, during Nazarbayev's visit to China, an agreement "On good neighborliness, friendship and cooperation between China and Kazakhstan" and "On cooperation between the two countries to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism" were signed.

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In March 2016, Nazarbayev released his "Manifesto: The World. The 21st century." In this manifest he called for expanding and replicating existing nuclear weapon-free zones and stressed the need to modernise existing international disarmament treaties.

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During an announcement of a railway link in 2007, Nazarbayev expressed a religious solidarity with Iran, as he was quoted as saying, "Today I will pay a visit to Turkmenistan where we will agree on the construction of a railway through Kazakhstan and

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candidates who were on presidential-list won 42 seats. The OSCE observers called the elections unfair, reporting an inflated voter turnout. Nevertheless, the new composition of the Parliament was considered to be "professional" with different various

10140: 13192: 2096:, winning 95.5% of the vote with virtually no opposition candidates. Following his victory, he announced the need in finding an "optimal way of empowering parliament, increasing the government's responsibility and improving the electoral process." 5618: 1437:. During that time, Nazarbayev's father, Äbish, wished to create favourable conditions towards his son for studying and living as well as to potentially avoid bad influence from peers by renting himself an apartment for Nazarbayev in the village. 3984:; a spokesman stated that Nazarbayev would go into isolation and work remotely. On 3 July 2020, Nazarbayev had recovered and was "back on his feet" three weeks after contracting the virus. Nazarbayev later during a meeting with Russian President 14516: 2340:

in June 2018, suggested that Nazarbayev's term presidential from 2015 was in fact, the last one as he hinted the possibility that Nazarbayev would not run for re-election which was scheduled for 2020. Minister of Information and Communications

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Over the course of Nazarbayev's presidency, an increasing number of accusations of corruption and favoritism have been directed against Nazarbayev and his circle. Critics say that the country's government has come to resemble a clan system.

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linked to Nazarbayev and his family, which hindered transparency and accountability, posing significant obstacles to Kazakhstan's development. In addition, Nazarbayev's tenure also confronted a series of economic challenges, including the

13105: 2951:'s 2020 Rule of Law Index rose and was 62 out 128. Its global rank on "Order and Security" remained high (39/128) and low on "Constraints on Government Powers" (102/128), "Open Government" (81/128) and "Fundamental Rights" (100/128). 14551: 2173:

In 2014, Nazarbayev proposed that Kazakhstan should change its name to "Kazakh Eli" ("Country of the Kazakhs"), for the country to attract better and more foreign investment, since "Kazakhstan" by its name is associated with other

3580:. In October 2019, it was announced that all potential ministerial candidates needed the approval of Nazarbayev before being appointed by Tokayev, with the exception of Minister of Defence, Interior Minister and Foreign Minister. 11716: 2620: 13122: 1406:, to parents Ábish Nazarbayev (1903–1970) and Aljan Nazarbayeva (1910–1978). His father Ábish was a poor labourer who worked for a wealthy local family until Soviet rule confiscated the family's farmland in the 1930s during 14576: 3762:

At the 20th Nur Otan Extraordinary Congress held on 25 November 2020, the Nur Otan revealed its list of party candidates as well as electoral platforms which were approved by the delegates. Nazarbayev at the congress spoke

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was multi-vector foreign policy, which was based on initiatives to establish friendly relations with foreign partners. His government's policies were considered moderate by maintaining a balance between the world powers of

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without official confirmation. While the Kazakh embassy in the UAE denied reports of his presence in the country. Spokesperson Aidos Ükıbai in his Twitter dismissed claims, affirming that Nazarbayev was in the capital of

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Since 1992, trade between Kazakhstan and Turkey amounted to total more than 3 billion dollars yearly, reaching 3.5 billion in its peak in 2012 and remaining stagnant from there. During Nazarbayev's meeting with President

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According to Nazarbayev himself, he described his intention for stepping down was due to "peak of trust" by the people and that it was "necessary to leave", recalling his memories in attending funerals of Soviet leaders

13311: 2475:. Subsequently, Nazarbayev successfully pushed for a parliamentary bill granting him legal immunity, as well as another designed to legalise money laundering, angering critics further. When Kazakh opposition newspaper 14218: 2103:" Nazarbayev has led Kazakhstan through difficult times and into an era of prosperity and growth. He has demonstrated that he values his U.S. and Western alliances and is committed to achieving democratic governance." 2593:

in 2000, where he wrote that "today we are building a new state, a new market economy and a new democracy, and this—at the very time when many other independent states have already trodden that path similar enough."

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law, many minority religious groups are deemed illegal. In order to exist on a local level, a group must have more than 50 members: more than 500 on a regional level, and more than 5,000 on the national level.

4239: 2471:, in 1999 Swiss banking officials discovered $ 85 million in an account apparently belonging to Nazarbayev; the money, intended for the Kazakh treasury, had in part been transferred through accounts linked to 10429: 14561: 13606: 8532: 2053:, eliminating any form of opposition which sparked controversy and criticism from international organizations and groups within the country. In response, Kazakhstan introduced an amendment by allowing for a 668: 11080: 10148: 13185:"President of the Latvian Republic Valdis Zatlers Pays His First Official Visit to Kazakhstan at President Nursultan Nazarbayev' s Invitation – Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan" 13184: 9520: 1452:

when riots broke out there over working conditions. By the age of 20, he was earning a relatively good wage doing "incredibly heavy and dangerous work" in the blast furnace. From there, Nazarbayev married

3487:) has been moved to a different location in the capital from the presidential palace. It was also reported in late April 2019 that Nazarbayev also maintains a private jet for official and private visits. 14581: 11268:"Первый Президент Казахстана принял участие в официальной церемонии интронизации Императора Японии Нарухито | Официальный сайт Первого Президента Республики Казахстан – Елбасы Нурсултана Назарбаева" 4412: 2358:

in cities across the country, Nazarbayev announced his resignation as President of Kazakhstan, citing the need for "a new generation of leaders". The announcement was broadcast in a televised address in

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On 10 December 1993, the Supreme Soviet voted to dissolve itself and that same day, a presidential decree was signed which set changes in local representative and executive bodies with elections of the

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During Nazarbayev's presidency, Kazakhstan experienced a rapid economic growth in 2000s, driven by high oil prices and market-oriented reforms, establishing the country as a prominent economic power in

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In March 2019, it was announced that the program would be extended to 2025 with its new agenda being focused on developing road infrastructure. According to Minister of Infrastructure and Development

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were held where Nazarbayev won by an overwhelming majority of 91.15% (from a total of 6,871,571 eligible participating voters). Nazarbayev was sworn in for another seven-year term on 11 January 2006.

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and the Supreme Soviet which, at that time, was composed of former Communist Party legislators who had yet to stand in an election. The Constitution, adopted on 28 January 1993, created a strong

8281: 4445: 2329:. An estimated 3.86 million people visited the site with Nazarbayev at the closing ceremony on 10 September 2017 calling it as "Kazakhstan's most brilliant achievements since its independence." 14606: 14596: 14471: 14211: 11267: 7611: 4055: 3591:

On 29 November 2019, Nazarbayev was named the Honorary Chair of Central Asian Consultative Meeting. It was announced at the second Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia in

13102: 11453: 5586:: in Turkic languages, 'el'/'il' means 'the people', 'nation', '(home)land', etc., and 'bas'/'bash' means 'head' (both literally and in the meaning of 'leader'). A similar historical title is 3724:

described Nazarbayev in an interview honoring his birthday as "one of the few world politicians who has a vision of political processes". The celebratory events were held virtually due to the

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In January 2023, Nursultan Nazarbayev was hospitalized at the National Scientific Cardiac Surgery Center in Astana. On 20 January 2023, a heart operation was performed, which was successful.

11190: 3210:. Diplomatic relations were established in 1992 and Nazarbayev paid official visits to Israel in 1995 and 2000. Bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to $ 724 million in 2005. 14601: 14476: 5619:"Statement on granting the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy, His Excellency Nursultan Nazarbayev, the status of the life-time Honorary President of the Turkic Council" 7695: 7434: 3256:. Both sides have expressed interests to develop friendly, cooperative relations and for both countries to strengthen international peace and stability with an early ratification of the 1623:

The Soviet Union disintegrated following the failed coup, though Nazarbayev was highly concerned with maintaining the close economic ties between Kazakhstan and Russia. In the country's

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from his post, which according to political experts was seen as a "power grab". In his address, he criticized Kazhegeldin over his record reforms and in his place, Nazarbayev appointed

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who remarked Kazakhstan as being "key leader" on the issues of nuclear material elimination and developing international fuel bank. At the meeting, Nazarbayev, as a gift, gave Obama a

2386:(leader of the nation, leader of the people), the title bestowed upon him by parliament in 2010. The title was later removed due to the cancellation of the Law on the First President. 1484:

workers were demoralised and overworked, and centrally set targets were unrealistic; he saw the steel plant's problems as a microcosm for the problems for the Soviet Union as a whole.

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for the fifth term. From there, he gathered 97.7% of the vote share, making it one of the biggest in Kazakhstan's history. In his victory speech, he emphasized the top priority in

14466: 7203:"Resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About official interpretation of Item 5 of article 42 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan"" 14456: 4332: 11805: 8563: 3818:. Nazarbayev congratulated the party's victory in the election saying, "Kazakhstanis associate the further development of our country, improvement of welfare with our party." 2243:

took place resulting in deaths of 25 people. Nazarbayev called the incident as terrorist attacks which were orchestrated from abroad to destabilize the country similarly in a

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visiting the country in April 1994 where he met with Nazarbayev. From there, both nations signed boundary agreement on 26 April and then later during Peng's second visit to

10560: 9805: 14621: 14611: 13963: 12843: 4532: 12536: 11744: 11483: 11349: 10757: 9462: 12947: 9438: 9205: 8950:"Президент Республики Казахстан Н. А. Назарбаев о евразийской интеграции. Из выступления в Московском государственном университете им. М. В. Ломоносова 29 марта 1994 г." 9660: 14344: 11397: 10291:"О ратификации Дополнительного Соглашения между Республикой Казахстан и Китайской Народной Республикой о казахстанско-китайской государственной границе – ИПС "Әділет"" 2705:

President Nazarbayev unveiled this technological modernization initiative to increase Kazakhstan's economic competitiveness through the digital ecosystem development.

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to have greater role in decision making, calling it "a consistent and logical step in the development of the state". The Parliament approved several amendments to the

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celebrations where he was greeted by the civilian population. In regard to accommodations as the first president, it is known that his personal office (now known as

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lauded Nazabayev's leadership and called Kazakhstan's achievements under his presidency a "miracle" during their phone call on 30 November 2016. Nazarbayev visited

14641: 14531: 13977: 11072: 10782: 9285: 6514: 6454: 6410: 6366: 6259: 6215: 6126: 5691: 11423: 9512: 8597: 14374: 14082: 14072: 13921: 10613: 10029: 9626: 2765:", the Kazakhstan and United States governments worked closely together to dismantle former Soviet weapons stored in the country, with the Americans agreeing to 9172: 7227: 6036: 2753:, causing radiation sickness and birth defects. As the influence of the Soviet Union waned, Nazarbayev closed the site. He later claimed that he had encouraged 14616: 14521: 14446: 13725: 13285: 12034: 7518: 6011: 1675: 1150: 13237: 11978: 14651: 14646: 13216: 11586: 8863: 5723: 12865: 11375: 14636: 14541: 14029: 13743: 13599: 11103: 10265:"Соглашение между Республикой Казахстан и Китайской Народной Республикой о казахстанско-китайской государственной границе (г. Алматы, 26 апреля 1994 года)" 5871: 2290:. This suggested that Nazarbayev was preparing for his succession to be taken over by Dariga as the cabinet reshuffling had occurred after Uzbek President 1880:

should take over the leading role, noting the constitutional limits on president's affiliation with political parties while Nazarbayev himself remained as

7717: 2852:

the state-guided path of global market economic participation. This principle of the Kazakh leadership has earned it the name "Singapore of the Steppes".

2672:, a long-term strategy to ensure future growth prospects of Kazakhstan, and position Kazakhstan as one of the top 30 most developed nations in the world. 14062: 13589: 11787: 10082: 2294:'s death which created political uncertainty in the neighboring country. Nazarbayev dismissed the claims of hereditary succession in an interview to the 2220: 11019: 9078: 14359: 14329: 14047: 14042: 11041: 10212: 10141:"Memorandum on Security Assurances in Connection with the Republic of Kazakhstan's Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons" 4321: 3472:

during their visit to Kazakhstan. Notably, their meetings with Nazarbayev took place separately from their meetings with President Tokayev, who is the

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recalled his sickness, telling that "group of Russian doctors stood by me for ten days. It was decisive in my recovery, so it will not be forgotten."

3965:. He has two brothers, Satybaldy (1947–1980) and Bolat (born 1953), as well as one sister named Anip. On 16 August 2020, Nazarbayev's grandson, 14379: 14067: 14052: 11449: 8065: 2076:. The book took a generally pro-Nazarbayev stance, asserting in the introduction that he is mostly responsible for the success of modern Kazakhstan. 12896:"Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 12 октября 1998 года № 1212 "О награждении орденом Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного Назарбаева Н. А."" 12263: 11766: 10400: 9482: 2321:

member countries, consisting of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and India, attended the opening ceremony of

14314: 8169: 2697:, it is planned that 27,000 kilometres of local roads will be repaired, with 21,000 kilometres of national roads being reconstructed and repaired. 2227: 1213: 12457: 11182: 3697:

He recovered from the virus on 3 July 2020, in time for the celebration of his 80th birthday which was held on 6 July and also coincided with the

9334: 9307: 3911:. According to Nazarbayev, Abai's "Words of Wisdom" aided him in attempting to build a modern Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. 1180:, he appeared alone on the ballot with no opposing candidates and secured an overwhelming 98% of the vote. In 1995, he governed the country in a 13025: 9544: 7426: 1457:

on 25 August 1962, who was a dispatcher at the same steel mill that he worked in. Together, both parties would eventually have three daughters:

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During the Soviet era, over 500 military experiments with nuclear weapons were conducted by scientists in the Kazakhstan region, mostly at the

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Earliest official diplomatic contacts were established with Turkey as Kazakhstan was under the Soviet Union. In March 1991, Turkish President

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for nearly three decades, excluding chairmanship in the Security Council after the end of his presidency. He has often been referred to as a

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took over Tokayev's role as the new PM which viewed as a response towards a political crisis which occurred following the formation of the

1142: 876: 716: 12739: 11319: 10818: 10342: 10234: 9562: 1888:. The Otan, for the first time, participated in the elections, winning 23 seats. In the aftermath on 1 October 1999, Nazarbayev appointed 1414:

policy. Following this, his father took the family to the mountains to live out a nomadic existence. His family's religious tradition was

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in September 2018, both leaders announced their willingness to increase tradeover to 5 billion dollars with 10 billion set in long term.

2766: 1608:; however, Nazarbayev turned the offer down. However, on 29 July, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Nazarbayev discussed and decided that once the 8475: 7755: 7095: 6633: 6565: 5661: 3307:

a traditional Turkic amulet for "good luck" which was eventually used later to jokingly describe the sole reason for Obama's win in the

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Reuters reported that "Kazakhstan further loosened cultural ties with its former political masters in Moscow ... when a ban on speaking

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were severe, dissent was suppressed, and elections were not free and fair. In the country's first direct presidential election, held in

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Nazarbayev has clamped down on dissent in Kazakhstan, and the country has never held an election judged to be free or fair by the West.

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while Nazarbayev himself was viewed to be more of experienced policy maker as his views and stances had already been formed during the

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the Nuclear Weapon-Free World and Global Security award for ensuring peace, regional stability and sustainable economic development.

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On 11 June 2011, Daniel Witt, Vice Chairman of the Eurasia Foundation, acknowledged the role of Nazarbayev and his political reforms:

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and demanded Nazarbayev's dismissal while Nazarbayev's supporters campaigned for Kunayev's dismissal and Nazarbayev's promotion.

940: 12839: 12569: 7988: 7661: 7027:"Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 7 июля 1999 года № 168 О назначении очередных выборов в Парламент Республики Казахстан" 3398:

capital. In spite of relations between two states taking off, Nazarbayev during the First Turkic Speaking States Summit held in

13907: 12159: 11891: 11736: 11345: 9459: 8092: 5478:

Borat Subsequent Moviefilm: Delivery of Prodigious Bribe to American Regime for Make Benefit Once Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan

4864: 3756: 3227: 2781: 1924: 13259: 13081: 11505: 11220: 10671: 9652: 9430: 9197: 3406: 13711: 13555: 13340: 12922:"Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 8 июня 2015 года № 290 "О награждении орденом Александра Невского Назарбаева Н. А."" 12059: 10121: 9941: 9898: 9601: 9251: 8982: 8469: 7089: 6627: 6559: 6467: 6423: 6379: 6346: 6272: 6228: 6139: 3788: 3718: 1876:

of the party which was held on 1 March 1999, Nazarbayev was elected as the chairman. From there, he suggested that former PM

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In May 2018, the Parliament of Kazakhstan passed a constitutional amendment allowing Nazarbayev to serve as Chairman of the

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holding a telephone conversation with Nazarbayev, calling him a "great politician". In a cabinet meeting, Russian President

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with Kazakhstan that would also guarantee the country's sovereignty. On 5 December 1994, Russia, U.S., and U.K. signed the

2534:

mandatory and are subject to strict execution by state bodies, organisations and officials of the Republic of Kazakhstan."

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while working as a factory steel worker. He held prominent positions within the party and in 1984, he was appointed as the

13436: 13409: 13289: 13158: 12895: 10530: 9056: 8282:"Обращение Главы государства Нурсултана Назарбаева к народу Казахстана – Официальный сайт Президента Республики Казахстан" 3803:

to be the head of the party's campaign headquarters, a decision that was unanimously supported by the Nur Otan delegates.

2156: 2127: 12840:"Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 20 марта 2019 года № 1 "О присвоении звания "Халық Қаhарманы" Назарбаеву Н. А."" 10848: 10377: 7804: 4718: 3795:

in which Nazarbayev claimed that it received a lack of international attention in contrast with Belarus. To conclude the

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In early 2016, it was announced that 1.7 million hectares of agricultural land would be sold at an auction. This sparked

1979: 1691: 1687: 1473: 1321: 1205: 1130: 1044: 14196: 11638: 10790: 9277: 7831: 6510: 6473: 6429: 6385: 6278: 6234: 6145: 5683: 2254: 1726:(local heads) being appointed by the president. In March 1994, Kazakhstan for the first time since independence, held a 1425:, the family returned to the village of Chemolgan where in 1948, Nazarbayev began attending school and being taught the 1421:Äbish avoided compulsory military service due to a withered arm he had sustained when putting out a fire. At the end of 14441: 13286:"Т.Николич вручил Н.Назарбаеву Орден Республики Сербия » "ЭХО Усть-Каменогорска" Молодежный информационный портал" 12663: 12643: 11427: 10021: 9848: 8589: 7309: 4745: 3314: 2569:

Throughout the 1990s, privatisation and banking reforms took place in Kazakhstan. In June 1994, Nazarbayev amended the

2017:

to the post. He stated that Massimov had the "sufficient knowledge and experience" to "develop Kazakhstan's successes."

1632: 1605: 1241: 12125: 11947: 11917: 10561:"Remarks by President Obama and President Nursultan Nazarbayev of the Republic of Kazakhstan Before Bilateral Meeting" 10476: 10059: 9618: 7235: 4095: 14566: 14486: 11691: 10179: 8332: 7510: 7407: 6689: 6600: 5655: 5388: 5334: 5329: 5080: 4527: 4299: 4250: 4128: 3780: 3149: 3068: 2598: 2511: 2318: 2211: 2093: 1987: 1854: 1683: 1648: 1624: 1577: 1377: 1296:

in June 2019. Nazarbayev was immune from any criminal prosecution until being stripped from privileges following the

1293: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1201: 1177: 1146: 13970: 8399: 5459:, was named after him following his resignation in 2019. In September 2022 it reverted to its original name, Astana. 3602:(QHA) held on 28 April 2021, Nazarbayev announced his intention to step down as the QHA chairman and have President 1522:(Chairman of the Council of Ministers), the youngest-ever officeholder in the Soviet Union to serve the post, under 14491: 14022: 13747: 13347:: 1st Class in 2007 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table) 13003: 7457: 3815: 3792: 3751: 3741: 3599: 2777: 2232: 2042: 1885: 1815: 1787: 1727: 1664: 1581: 1570: 1566: 1399: 1301: 1056: 1032: 581: 512: 469: 13213: 9750: 9690: 6972: 4832: 1440:

After leaving school, Nazarbayev took up a one-year, government-funded scholarship at the Karaganda Steel Mill in

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visited Kazakhstan on 1–3 November 2015, where he offered support for Nazarbayev's 100 Concrete Steps programme.

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as the biggest opposition movement of his time in power. On 16 December 2011, demonstrations in the oil town of

1865:. Abdildin himself in response refused to acknowledge the official results, insisting that they were falsified. 13874: 13766: 13650: 13534: 13051: 13000:"Распоряжение Президента Азербайджанской Республики о награждении Нурсултана Назарбаева орденом "Гейдар Алиев"" 12977: 11665: 8734:"Kazakhstan's Economy since Independence: Does the Oil Boom offer a Second Chance for Sustainable Development?" 5240: 4285: 3853: 3791:, Nazarbayev criticized the protestors, saying "they've been fucking Belarus for a whole month," and noted the 3503: 3442: 3128: 2686:

President Nazarbayev unveiled in 2014 a multibillion-dollar domestic modernization and reformation plan called

2530: 1916: 1309: 1266: 1102: 1062: 242: 12714: 12395: 3454:, despite his resignation, he is still behind the leadership of the country. His resignation is considered by 2887:

Kazakhstan's human rights situation under Nazarbayev is uniformly described as poor by independent observers.

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opposed President Özal's initiatives in attempting to unite all Turkic-speaking territories into one nation.

3339: 3162: 2944: 2586: 2477: 2355: 2006: 1943: 1896:

had faced an increasing unpopularity amidst worsening economy and scandal revolving around an arms deal with

1858: 1791: 1744: 1627:, held on 1 December, he appeared alone on the ballot and won 95% of the vote. On 21 December, he signed the 1531: 1285: 1185: 1026: 555: 356: 38: 11049: 10370:"EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight – Construction Of Railway To Iran On Agenda Of Turkmenistan Visit Kazakh Leader" 10204: 8681: 2776:

to establish 29 August as the International Day Against Nuclear Tests. In his article he has proposed a new

14461: 13930: 13794: 13579: 12821: 8999: 8995:"The Presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed a Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union in Astana" 8117: 7581: 7143: 5153: 5131: 4756: 4664: 4310: 3292: 3260:

treaty. In order to gain investments to Kazakhstan, Nazarbayev, during his visit, signed an agreement with

2976: 2893: 2368: 1519: 1200:. These actions consolidated Nazarbayev's authority and control over the country's political landscape. In 1134: 1129:

due to usurpation of power and autocratic rule. Nazarbayev began his political career in 1962, joining the

1101:, from the country's independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the 756: 14502:

Members of the Central Auditing Commission of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

13112:, Official Site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan 28 April 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019. 12764: 12511:"Nazarbayev Denies Split Among Kazakh Elite, Says Tokayev Has 'Full Power' in First Post-Protest Comments" 11717:Выступление Президента Республики Казахстан Касым-Жомарта Токаева на совместном заседании палат Парламента 5982: 4713: 1196:

took place, significantly bolstering the executive powers through the introduction of a new draft for the

12537:"Nazarbayev Publishes Article on Abai's Influence on His Own Life and in Shaping Contemporary Kazakhstan" 11476:"Nazarbayev named honorary chair of Central Asian Consultative Meeting, proposes solidifying cooperation" 6652: 4972: 3615: 3241: 3148:

In May 2004, a total of ten trade and economic cooperation agreements were signed which included a major

3133:

Diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and China were established in January 1992, with Chinese Premier

2582: 2574: 2486:'s apartment, with a warning reading "There will be no last time." The newspaper was firebombed as well. 1547: 1121:) from 2010 to 2022. Nazarbayev was one of the longest-ruling non-royal leaders in the world, having led 10758:"Kazakhstan is a 'kleptocracy' ruled by an autocrat. It's also an increasingly important strategic ally" 8994: 7380: 4500: 3998:

He gave his last name to his grandchildren: Aisultan Nazarbayev (1990-2020) and Nabi Nazarbayev (2008).

3852:

resigned the same day. On the evening of 5 January, Tokayev announced Nazarbayev's resignation from the

3409:, Nazarbayev vowed to extradite any persons employed at lyceums who had "links with terrorism" with the 1954:

in November 2001 by several prominent Kazakh officials who called for political and democratic reforms.

5476: 5323: 4891: 4609: 4051: 3685: 3507: 3074: 2882: 2306: 1849: 1197: 17: 12740:"Он был очень похож на меня – Нурсултан Назарбаев об Айсултане – Новости Казахстана и мира на сегодня" 8883: 7052: 5208: 3653:

However, Kazakhstan changed the name of the capital from Nur-Sultan back to Astana in September 2022.

2449: 13234:"Ordonnance Souveraine n° 4.491 du 27 septembre 2013 portant élévation dans l'Ordre de Saint-Charles" 13029: 9541: 4505: 4390: 4161: 2904: 2900: 2809: 2489: 2313:

Nazarbayev, along with seventeen heads of state and government from around the world, which included

1970:

to lead the government citing the reason "to intensify the pace of social and economic development."

1204:, Nazarbayev was re-elected second time for what was officially recognized as his first term, as the 9828: 4967: 14334: 11840:

Official website of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Elbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev

11810:

Official website of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Elbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev

10194:

Gill (30 November 2001). "Shanghai Five: An Attempt to Counter U.S. Influence in Asia?". Brookings.

5520: 5515: 5213: 4945: 4636: 4040: 3351: 2570: 2519: 2302: 2033: 1959: 1955: 1915:, who at the time served as the Minister of Culture, Information and Concord, the Secretary of the 1873: 1803: 1245: 1225: 863: 10704: 10108: 9513:"Manifest by Kazakh President Calls for Global Nuclear Disarmament, Steps to End Global Conflicts" 5753: 5235: 4102: 3759:. The primaries were held from 17 August to 3 October 2020 where Nazarbayev himself voted online. 3546:, would be "very delighted" with the development of the capital. In late October, he attended the 3464:

type of public figure. In the month since his resignation, he had met with South Korean President

3346:, as well as nuclear disarmament, fighting extremism, the situation in Afghanistan and combatting 3268:

that would extract 700,000 barrels of oil per day with a revenue of more than $ 5 billion a year.

2382:. In his televised address Nazarbayev pointed out that he had been granted the honorary status of 1802:, a referendum was held which allowed for greater presidential powers and established a bicameral 13839: 13781: 13630: 12921: 8493: 8385: 6336: 5268: 4044: 3943: 3650:

in honor of Nazarbayev. The Parliament of Kazakhstan officially voted in favour of the renaming.

2971: 2750: 2737:, and the wider world to do more to reverse the environmental damage done during the Soviet era. 2642: 2508: 2422: 2406: 2398: 2199: 2139: 1963: 1748: 1348: 1253: 1237: 1098: 598: 98: 14512:

Members of the Central Committee of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

14507:

Members of the Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

14249: 12316: 10451: 9173:"Over 10,000 Candidates Participate in Nur Otan Party Primaries, as Party Concludes First Stage" 3418: 2389:

Various colleagues of Nazarbayev reacted within hours of the announcement, with Uzbek President

426: 14436: 14146: 12035:"Nazarbayev's Legacy: Forging a Path For an Independent Kazakhstan as a Leader in Central Asia" 10346: 8432: 7314: 5704:

The republic's Supreme Soviet elected Nazarbayev president of the Kazakh SSR on April 24, 1990.

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Recipient of the Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Railway of Kazakhstan"

4206:

Recipient of the Medal for "10th Anniversary of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan"

4198:

Recipient of the Medal for "10th Anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan"

3202:

Notwithstanding Kazakhstan's membership in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the

3141:, an additional agreement on the border between two countries was signed on 24 September 1997. 2869:

in cabinet meetings took effect ... has also ordered all parliamentary hearings to be held in

2821:

Nazarbayev put forward the initiative of holding a forum of world and traditional religions in

2152: 1947: 1735: 1228:

approved a constitutional amendment allowing Nazarbayev to lead the Security Council for life.

881: 157: 13144: 10052:"Nazarbayev's trust-based relations with foreign partners help promote Kazakhstan's interests" 9116: 8381: 7747: 7079: 6617: 6549: 4783: 4751: 4740: 3661:

Nazarbayev created the Biz Birgemiz (lit. "We are Together") Fund in March 2020 "to fight the

14171: 14141: 13888: 13853: 13776: 13640: 12186:""Не пустили ОБСЕ", "долбали Беларусь". Назарбаев перед выборами хвалит себя и критикует США" 11979:"Nursultan Nazarbayev: Looking Back at a Legacy of Friendship and Cooperation With Tatarstan" 8459: 5645: 5102: 4810: 3837: 3671: 3639: 3603: 2948: 2940: 2555: 2364: 2333: 2279: 2240: 1935: 1903: 1889: 1668: 1289: 504: 461: 421: 406: 386: 324: 277: 234: 182: 152: 14304: 12239:"Another post-Soviet 'ruler for life' faces upheaval, as enormous protests sweep Kazakhstan" 11104:"Kazakhstan has turned into 'competitive transit hub', Nazarbayev tells Belt and Road forum" 5126: 4604: 3064:(NPT). Later, the governments of China and France added their signatures to the Memorandum. 2401:

was Nazarbayev's "brainchild". Other world leaders who sent messages to Nazarbayev included

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Uneasy Alliance: Relations Between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Era, 1992–1997.

8816: 5436: 5349: 5290: 5049: 4686: 3869: 3784: 3675: 3611: 3592: 3112: 2789: 2646: 2602: 2501: 2438: 2414: 2410: 2287: 2108: 1912: 1862: 1811: 1757: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1679: 1317: 1165: 1038: 31: 12343:"СМИ Кыргызстана: в Бишкек из ОАЭ прилетели два "принадлежащих семье Назарбаева" самолета" 9542:

Congress of World Religions – About Congress of leaders of world and traditional religions

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in November 2016, saying that the "transfer of power is spelled out by the Constitution."

8: 14264: 14226: 14131: 14126: 14102: 14057: 13953: 11788:"Nazarbayev's Biz Birgemiz Fund Dedicates Funds to Help 80,000 Struggling Rural Families" 9079:"Kazakhstan's Nurly Zhol and China's Economic Belt of the Silk Road: Confluence of Goals" 8949: 8934: 8843: 5180: 4558: 4379: 4305: 4172: 3966: 3499: 3390:

first international treaty for Kazakhstan. In September of that year, Nazarbayev visited

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In 1994, Nazarbayev suggested the idea of creating a "Eurasian Union" during a speech at

2494: 2058: 1877: 1822: 1761: 1752: 1274: 1249: 1169: 625: 391: 351: 316: 142: 137: 14517:

Members of the Politburo of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

12008:Официальный сайт Первого Президента Республики Казахстан – Колбасы Нурсултана Назарбаева 10316: 9880:, released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Retrieved 1 November 2015 4385: 3899:. As devout, Nazarbayev has described his spirituality as being based on the words from 3728:

pandemic in the country. A statue of Nazarbayev in military uniform was unveiled at the

3553:

as the representative of Kazakhstan. During this visit, he met with Ukrainian President

1767: 1730:

which was boycotted by the Azat and Jeltoqsan parties. From there, the pro-presidential

1506: 1007: 14289: 14136: 14077: 13809: 13799: 13361: 10452:"Kazakhstan – Visits by Foreign Leaders – Department History – Office of the Historian" 10003: 9947: 9824: 9774:"Even Vladimir Putin's Authoritarian Allies Are Fed Up With Russia's Crumbling Economy" 8769: 8761: 7857:"Казахстан сохранит ключевые приоритеты во внутренней и внешней политике – Н.Назарбаев" 7483: 7006: 6813: 6805: 5383: 5075: 4190:

Recipient of the Medal for "10 Years of the Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan"

3931: 3927: 3841: 3833: 3827: 3814:

swept a comfortable majority of 76 seats despite a loss eight seats in contrary to the

3554: 3214: 3116: 3103: 2888: 2390: 2301:

In January 2017, Nazarbayev proposed constitutional reforms, which would allow for the

2283: 2263: 1893: 1826: 1523: 1458: 1313: 1138: 921: 416: 147: 14587:

Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria

14181: 13103:

Nursultan Nazarbayev awarded the Order of Friendship of the People's Republic of China

11836:"Telegram addressed to Nursultan Nazarbayev from ex-President of Croatia Stefan Mesic" 10478:

Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush (1992, Book I)

9589:

Ideology and National Identity in Post-Communist Foreign Policies By Rick Fawn, p. 147

8682:"Big Houses, Deep Pockets: The Nazarbaev Family's Opulent Offshore Real Estate Empire" 4659: 4173:

Order of the First President of Kazakhstan – Leader of the Nation Nursultan Nazarbayev

3750:

after resigning from presidency, Nazarbayev signed a decree in the preparation of the

2645:. On 29 May 2014, alongside Russian President Vladimir Putin and Belarusian President 1682:, began debating over a draft constitution in June 1992. Opposition political parties 14279: 14259: 14239: 14097: 13530: 13473: 13445: 13125:(in Finnish). Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ja Suomen Leijonan ritarikunnat. Archived from 12561: 11320:"Volodymyr Zelenskyy met with Nursultan Nazarbayev during his working visit to Japan" 10504: 10175: 10117: 10116:. Washington, D.C.: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. 10007: 9995: 9951: 9937: 8978: 8773: 8753: 8465: 7891: 7350: 7202: 7151: 7085: 6839: 6817: 6797: 6758: 6685: 6623: 6596: 6555: 6463: 6419: 6375: 6342: 6268: 6224: 6135: 5890: 5788: 5651: 4691: 4222:

Recipient of the Medal for "10 Years of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan"

3935: 3710: 3662: 3627: 3413:

by conduct a joint inspection in educational institutions located within Kazakhstan.

3285: 3253: 2754: 2718: 2244: 2166:

In December 2012, Nazarbayev outlined a forward-looking national strategy called the

2057:

since any party that wins second place in race—regardless or not if it passes the 7%

1857:

for second term by winning 81% of the vote, defeating his main challenger and former

1740: 1628: 1601: 1539: 1511: 1501: 1466: 1278: 929: 809: 689: 401: 132: 14319: 11534: 10875: 6737:"Sociopolitical associations in independent Kazakhstan: Evolution of the phenomenon" 4141: 3433: 3410: 2873:, saying those who are not fluent must be provided with simultaneous translations." 1081:

1979–1984: Member, 14th & 15th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan

14244: 14151: 13077: 12795: 11212: 10264: 9987: 9929: 9890: 9778: 8745: 7178:"Government Reshuffle in Kazakhstan Gives Nazarbayev Maneuverability on Key Issues" 7026: 6789: 6748: 6037:"Former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev stripped of 'honorary senator' title" 5567: 5356: 4316: 3962: 3958: 3923: 3900: 3845: 3702: 3456: 3366: 2866: 2762: 2694: 2526:

As of 2015, Kazakhstan has never held an election meeting international standards.

2483: 2054: 2010: 1967: 1707: 1609: 1462: 1454: 1430: 1426: 925: 894: 162: 13337: 11613:"Nazarbayev to hand over leadership of ruling party to incumbent Kazakh president" 9991: 9976:"The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan" 9598: 9255: 8195: 4580: 3678: 3350:. Nazarbayev thanked the U.S. for its assistance in accessing Kazakhstan into the 14552:

Grand Crosses with Chain of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil)

14364: 14354: 14324: 14294: 14284: 14274: 14254: 14008: 13992: 13987: 13786: 13616: 13344: 13220: 13159:"УКАЗ ПРЕЗ. КР "О ВРУЧЕНИИ ПАМЯТНОГО ЗОЛОТОГО ОРДЕНА "МАНАС-1000" И ПАМЯТНОЙ..."" 13109: 12160:"Nur Otan утвердила партийный список кандидатов в мажилис на внеочередном съезде" 11723: 9835: 9812: 9605: 9548: 9466: 9418: 7923: 7915: 7543: 5562: 5544: 4631: 4347: 4267: 4066: 3954: 3800: 3721: 3701:. Nazarbayev received congratulations from leader such as the Armenian President 3519: 3091: 3079: 2984: 2923: 2870: 2497: 2430: 2069: 1653: 1613: 1543: 1117: 631: 431: 411: 396: 205: 13026:"Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 19 июня 2015 года № 250 "О награждении"" 9975: 9933: 6891: 4554: 4396: 4338: 3914: 3714: 3469: 2657: 2223:

criticized the election as falling short of international democratic standards.

14186: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14087: 13938: 13899: 13814: 13804: 13771: 13761: 13667: 13572: 13413: 12899: 10538: 9683:"Kazakhstan: Religion Law Restricting Faith in the Name of Tackling Extremism?" 9052: 8845:

The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Political Dynamics in Central Asia

7935: 6793: 6753: 6736: 5588: 5376: 5361: 3985: 3970: 3860: 3706: 3667: 3523: 3511: 3438: 3343: 3279:

where Nazarbayev received praise from Bush for his support during the U.S. led

3272: 3012: 2837: 2562: 2467: 2418: 2394: 2295: 2271: 2259: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2148: 2025: 2014: 1928: 1868:

In February 1999, several pro-presidential parties formed into one party named

1617: 1585: 1562: 1270: 1216:

that removed term limits exclusively for Nazarbayev, he secured re-election in

1181: 797: 777: 739: 177: 172: 167: 11948:"President of Armenia congratulates Nursultan Nazarbayev on his 80th birthday" 11587:"Nazarbayev meets with Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan" 10369: 9921: 8749: 8333:"Shavkat Mirziyoyev Talks with the First President of Kazakhstan on the Phone" 8223:"'Решение за Президентом' – Абаев об участии Назарбаева в выборах в 2020 году" 5318: 4886: 4006: 3953:

leaders related. Having grown up in the Soviet Union, Nazarbayev is fluent in

3382: 2374:

Notwithstanding his resignation as president, he continued to head the ruling

1884:

party leader. In July 1999, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the date for the

1652:

Nazarbayev (three rows from left) at the 1992 World Economic Forum chaired by

1252:

efforts by renouncing the country's inherited nuclear arsenal and closing the

14577:

Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

14405: 14339: 14309: 14269: 13945: 12291:"Kazakhstan: De-Nazarbayevification picks up steam, but is it just for show?" 11865: 10929:"Как далеко могут зайти в сотрудничестве Казахстан и Турция: мнение эксперта" 10508: 10290: 9999: 8757: 7895: 7427:"Kazakh President amends decree on educational grant for talented youngsters" 7354: 7155: 7119:"Kazakhstan: Tasmagambetov Appointed New Prime Minister After Tokaev Resigns" 6843: 6801: 6762: 5792: 5410: 4918: 4859: 3950: 3849: 3772: 3577: 3566: 3543: 3476: 3450: 3335: 3249: 3083: 3045: 3008: 2997: 2814: 2504: 2454: 2434: 2291: 2198:

to the post. Akhmetov subsequently was appointed as a Defence Minister while

1841: 1798:

extended Nazarbayev's term, originally set to end in 1996, to until 2000. In

1589: 1407: 717:

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan

13690: 11806:"Telegram addressed to Nursultan Nazarbayev from King of Jordan Abdullah II" 11126:"Russia Marks WWII Victory Day With Military Parades, Commemorative Marches" 10110:

Kazakhstan: The Road to Independence Energy Policy and the Birth of a Nation

10051: 7319: 6944:"Одно событие – два мнения. Что Назарбаев и Абдильдин говорили друг о друге" 4805: 2746:(Semei), where 456 nuclear tests had been conducted by the Soviet military. 2235:, Nazarbayev warned that without unity and stability, a crisis similarly in 12425:"Назарбаев не покидал Казахстан, заявил пресс-секретарь бывшего президента" 12133: 11955: 11925: 10586: 9718: 9023:"Nazarbayev named "Honorary Chairman" of Supreme Eurasian Economic Council" 8362: 7856: 5872:"What happens to Kazakhstan's dictatorship now that its dictator has quit?" 5485: 5263: 4778: 4343: 3946: 3939: 3573: 3569: 3539: 3461: 3362: 3319: 3300: 3265: 3181: 3177: 2980: 2761:, and was always fully committed to the group's goals. In what was dubbed " 2726: 2472: 2402: 2342: 1994: 1920: 1869: 1783:, and the official changeover of the capital happened on 10 December 1997. 1422: 1403: 1233: 13123:"Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunnan suurristin ketjuineen ulkomaalaiset saajat" 12778:"Nazarbayev Recovers From Coronavirus, Back on His Feet After Three Weeks" 12342: 12212:"Назарбаев поздравил "Нур Отан" с победой на выборах в мажилис Казахстана" 12185: 12073: 12004:"Телефонный разговор с экс-Президентом Турецкой Республики Абдуллой Гюлем" 10643:"Nazarbayev, Obama Reaffirm Strategic Partnership During New York Meeting" 8790: 8340: 6713: 6551:

Miniature empires: a historical dictionary of the newly independent states

4418: 4294: 3576:. During his meeting with Nadal, he personally called former Spanish King 2918: 2151:

as the PM, a close-ally of Nazarbayev who served as First Deputy PM under

1966:

against him. Tasmagambetov resigned in June 2003 and Nazarbayev appointed

14349: 14176: 14037: 14013: 11294:"Nursultan Nazarbayev partaking in Japan Emperor enthronization ceremony" 11242: 10819:"30 Years Ago, Turkish President Paid First Official Visit to Kazakhstan" 10401:"Leaders of Kazakhstan, Democratic Republic of Congo keen on Israel trip" 10317:"Справка: хроника важных событий в отношениях между Китаем и Казахстаном" 9563:"Congress of Religious Leaders: Promoting Dialogue between Civilisations" 8652:"Kazakh President given right to head National Security Council for life" 8407: 6889: 5489: 5201: 4493: 4156: 3992:

things that have influenced him in eventually resigning from presidency.

3980:

On 18 June 2020, it was reported that Nazarbayev had tested positive for

3465: 3370: 3323: 3276: 2282:

to the post of the PM. Days later on 13 September, Nazarbayev's daughter

2084: 1897: 1535: 1415: 1067:

1989–1991: Member, 17th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan

187: 13703: 13162: 13055: 12999: 12973: 11243:"Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic – News» Meetings" 8939:. Libman A. and Vinokurov E. (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2012, p. 220.) 8765: 8733: 8252:"Kazakh President Nazarbaev Abruptly Resigns, But Will Retain Key Roles" 6917:"Kazakh 'Rerun:' A Brief History of Kazakhstan's Presidential Elections" 6809: 6777: 4240:

Jubilee Medal "60 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"

1719: 1256:. Despite these accomplishments, challenges persisted due to widespread 14112: 13868: 13834: 12211: 11012:"Nazarbayev's Resignation Is an Attempt to Institutionalize His System" 9746: 9682: 7284: 7257: 7118: 6864: 5724:"Veteran Kazakh leader Nazarbayev resigns after three decades in power" 5452: 5403: 5256: 4988: 4906: 4547: 3874: 3647: 3531: 3527: 3355: 3237: 3087: 2734: 2730: 2722: 2713:

In his 1998 autobiography, Nazarbayev wrote that "The shrinking of the

2681: 2634: 2215: 2002:

and on 4 July 2007, Nazarbayev was re-elected as the party's chairman.

1790:

were held unconstitutionally and as a result, Nazarbayev dissolved the

1257: 1122: 978: 852: 602: 42: 13607:

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

13497:"Oliver Stone derided for film about 'modest' former Kazakh president" 9551:. Religions-congress.org (15 October 2007). Retrieved 3 February 2011. 4262:

Medal for "20 Years of the Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan"

4202: 3666:

received calls and telegrams of support from world leaders, including

2629:

The signing ceremony of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (in

2397:

praised Nazarbayev's leadership, even going as far as to say that the

2190:

and devaluation of the tenge, Nazarbayev on 2 April 2014 dismissed PM

14562:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

14119: 13864: 13830: 11767:"Kazakhstan to change name of capital from Nur-sultan back to Astana" 10902:"Назарбаев обещает выдать Турции любого, кто «связан с террористами»" 9806:

Lost in translation? Kazakh leader bans cabinet from speaking Russian

8936:

Holding-Together Regionalism: Twenty Years of Post-Soviet Integration

8865:

Prosperity, Security and Ever Growing Welfare of All the Kazakhstanis

5469: 4960: 4462: 4413:

Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"

2956: 2915:

According to a US government report released in 2014, in Kazakhstan:

2591:

Prosperity, Security and the Ever-Growing Welfare of all Kazakhstanis

2363:

after which he signed a decree ending his powers from 20 March 2019.

2322: 2314: 2116: 1818:

arguing that "Western schemes do not work in our Eurasian expanses."

1493: 1445: 1391: 848: 9974:

Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020).

9714:"Kazakhstan creates its own Game of Thrones to defy Putin and Borat" 8382:"Russia: Putin praises former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev" 3821: 3510:

announced the naming of Nazarbayev as the Honorary President of the

1337: 14582:

Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana

12690:"Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson claims somebody wants to kill him" 12458:"Nazarbayev addresses Kazakhstan in 1st video message since revolt" 12370:"Бишкек прокомментировал приземление самолетов с семьей Назарбаева" 12369: 11535:"Назарбаев стал почетным председателем Ассамблеи народа Казахстана" 10426:"PM Netanyahu meets with Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev" 8118:"Kazakhstan parliament passes reforms reducing presidential powers" 8014:"Bakytzhan Sagintayev is appointed Kazakhstan's new prime minister" 5173: 4438: 4327: 3981: 3883: 3811: 3807: 3796: 3747: 3725: 3622: 3550: 3422: 3399: 3386: 3280: 3257: 3040:

as a result of pressure from Western nations. Nazarbayev called on

2714: 2375: 2337: 2186:

After Kazakhstan faced an economic downturn of which was caused by

2179: 2050: 2046: 1999: 1807: 1477: 1449: 1441: 1434: 1305: 1261: 1126: 1050: 284: 12948:"Встреча с Президентом Республики Татарстан Рустамом Миннихановым" 12074:"Новый памятник Назарбаеву открыли в канун его 80-летия в столице" 10981:"The people of Kazakhstan wonder who their next president will be" 9920:

Trochev, Alexei; Slade, Gavin (2019), Caron, Jean-François (ed.),

9856: 8556:"Kazakhstan Goes After Opposition Media in New York Federal Court" 5946:"Kazakhstan's long term president to run in show election – again" 4913: 1097:(born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician who served as the first 11612: 11450:"Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev to Confirm Ministers, Governors: Decree" 11372:"Zelensky meets with Nazarbayev in Tokyo, invites him to Ukraine" 10531:"Bush and Kazakh leader praise each other in Oval Office meeting" 8590:"How Kazakhstan is Trying to Use the US Courts to Censor the Net" 8066:"Kazakh President Nazarbayev Says Power Won't Be Family Business" 7832:"Kazakhstan: Nazarbayev Apologetic for Lopsided Election Results" 6511:"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – historical state, Eurasia" 5917:"Kazakhstan's President Nazarbayev resigns but retains key posts" 5505: 5311: 5119: 4825: 4733: 4706: 4652: 4597: 4573: 4520: 4234: 3904: 3865: 3491: 3134: 3020: 2441:, embarking that "there is still a limit of human capabilities." 2236: 2121: 1931:. Mussayev became the head of the Presidential Security Service. 50: 13260:"Nursultan Nazarbayev awarded Supreme Order of the Turkic World" 12264:"Powerful ex-leader Nazarbayev is main target of Kazakhs' anger" 10343:"Kazakhstan dismisses alleged anti-Iran comments from president" 9926:

Kazakhstan and the Soviet Legacy: Between Continuity and Rupture

9922:"Trials and Tribulations: Kazakhstan's Criminal Justice Reforms" 9878:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013: Kazakhstan" 8363:"Shavkat Mirziyoyev: Nursultan Nazarbayev is a great politician" 8013: 7573: 6462:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. pp. 86–88. 6134:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. pp. 14–21. 4245: 4226: 1962:

over his proposed policies on land privatisation which led to a

1224:, serving his fourth and fifth terms as president. In 2018, the 13550: 12485:"Kazakhstan drive to close book on Nazarbayev era gathers pace" 12100:"Nursultan Nazarbayev signs decree on holding primary election" 11424:"Baseline: Djokovic and Nadal face off and dance in Kazakhstan" 10614:"Why Obama Won: An Amulet the President of Kazakhstan Gave Him" 9335:"Pursuing nuclear weapons makes nations less, not more, secure" 8910:"Economic Diversification Key to Kazakhstan's Future Stability" 7916:

Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights – Elections

6778:"Democratisation Process in Kazakhstan: Gauging the Indicators" 5845:"Kazakhs vote to confirm removal of Nazarbayev's grip on power" 5456: 5442: 5426: 5283: 5146: 5068: 5015: 4933: 4798: 4771: 4367: 4218: 4210: 4015: 4011: 3974: 3896: 3643: 3515: 3495: 3490:

He has embarked on two foreign visits since leaving office, to

3480: 3391: 3207: 3185: 3138: 3107: 3041: 3028: 3024: 3001: 2960: 2927: 2841: 2840:

views during the Soviet era; he later made attempts to support

2826: 2822: 2630: 2360: 2326: 2061:—would be guaranteed to have representation in the Parliament. 1829:, an oil engineer who prior served as an Oil and Gas Minister. 1780: 1776: 1775:

In 1994, Nazarbayev suggested relocating the capital city from

1695: 1555: 1510:

Nazarbayev (front row, second from left) at the signing of the

1395: 14607:

Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class

14597:

Recipients of the Order of Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia

14472:

Foreign members of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

11183:"Former Kazakh president made honorary head of Turkic Council" 10672:"In Astana, Kerry Promotes Stronger Ties in Economy, Security" 9818: 9653:"Kazakhstan: Restrictive Religion Law Blow To Minority Groups" 8433:"Какая болезнь повлияла на решение Назарбаева уйти в отставку" 8093:"Kazakh President, Special Panel Mull Major Political Reforms" 7989:"Kazakh President Declares June 9 as National Day of Mourning" 7662:"Karim Masimov quits as prime minister of oil-rich Kazakhstan" 6706:"Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan" 6619:

Russia and the new states of Eurasia: the politics of upheaval

5891:"Is Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev the Lee Kwan Yew of Central Asia?" 5647:

Principles of International Politics – Bruce Bueno de Mesquita

4284:

Nazarbayev with leaders of China, Russia and India during the

4194: 4178: 4065:

from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially

3859:

Rumours about Nazarbayev fleeing Kazakhstan was brought up by

1663:

Nazarbayev renamed the former State Defense Committees as the

1277:, in which these events contributed to the devaluation of the 1212:

under the provisions of a 1995 amendment. Later, exploiting a

13312:"Встреча с Президентом Республики Сербия Александром Вучичем" 12592:"Назарбаев показал свое знание английского. Это было забавно" 12158:Кулмаганбетова, Диана; Абдуллаева, Диана (25 November 2020). 11346:"Nursultan Nazarbayev, Vladimir Zelensky hold talks in Japan" 11073:"Kazakhs, foreign investors puzzled by power-sharing leaders" 9109:"Nurly Zhol Infrastructure Development Program for 2015-2019" 6999:

Report on Kazakstan's Presidential Election: January 10, 1999

6012:"Kazakh president fails to quell protests, 8 deaths reported" 5781:"Kazakhstan election avoids question of Nazarbayev successor" 5472: 5446: 5430: 5228: 5095: 4879: 4852: 4679: 4624: 4167: 3908: 3296: 3049: 3032: 3016: 2830: 2367:, speaker of the upper house of parliament, was appointed as 2175: 1938:

resigned from his post and was subsequently appointed as the

1657: 1476:, becoming a prominent member of the Young Communist League ( 1192:

extended his presidency until 2000. Additionally, in August,

1078:

Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

30:"Nazarbayev" redirects here. For other uses of the name, see 11892:"Former President Nazarbayev gets vaccinated with Sputnik V" 9198:"Digital Kazakhstan initiative presented at Web Summit 2017" 7884:"Kazakhstan's President Is Re-elected by Almost Every Voter" 7688:"Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy Leads to Government Restructuring" 6418:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 85. 6374:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 84. 6267:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 55. 6223:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 54. 4533:

Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria

4256: 4186: 3638:

On 20 March 2019, after Nazarbayev's resignation, President

1292:, a close ally of his, who overwhelmingly won the following 1284:

In March 2019, Nazarbayev resigned from the presidency amid

14602:

Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary

14477:

Heads of government of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

12060:"Capital Day Celebrations Will Be Held Virtually This Year" 7081:

Brassey's International Intelligence Yearbook: 2003 Edition

5983:"Kazakh President Re-elected; voting Flawed, Observers Say" 4424:

Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"

4402:

Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"

3562: 3535: 2845: 2248: 2132: 1848:

On 7 October 1998, a number of amendments were made to the

1723: 14527:

Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland

13358:"Spanish Official Journal. Royal Decree 677/2017, 23 june" 10955:"Нурсултан Назарбаев посетил Турцию с официальным визитом" 10670:

Orazgaliyeva, Malika; Nurbekov, Altair (3 November 2015).

9308:"Kazakhstan's Nonproliferation Model Offers More Security" 9166: 9164: 8388:

from the original on 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.

7805:"Kazakhstan's New Prime Minister to Fix Economic Problems" 6615: 6609: 5998:

Kazakhstan has never held an election that was not rigged.

3007:

From 1990 to 1994, Nazarbayev paid official visits to the

2537:

In December 2020, according to an investigative report by

1600:. Nazarbayev was close enough to Soviet general secretary 14228:

28th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

12618:"Болат Назарбаев судится в Америке со своей бывшей женой" 10497:"Chevron to Spend $ 10 Billion to Seek Oil in Kazakhstan" 8525:"As Kazakh scandal unfolds, Soviet-style reprisals begin" 8040:"Kazakh leader promotes daughter, confidant in reshuffle" 7077: 5754:"Токаев объявил о смещении с поста Нурсултана Назарбаева" 4230:

Recipient of the Medal for "50 Years of the Virgin Lands"

2112: 952: 13527:

Nursultan Nazarbayev: My Life, My Times and My Future...

12157: 10727:"Kazakhstan: Trump talked up leader's 'miracle' in call" 10587:"Глава Казахстана подарил Президенту США тумар на удачу" 9053:"Strategy 2050: Kazakhstan's Road Map to Global Success" 8144:"Kazakhstan celebrates inauguration of Expo 2017 Astana" 7604:"The Stable State of Nursultan Nazarbayev's Kazakhstanl" 7574:"Kazakhstan: Zhanaozen Oil Workers Did Not Take Up Arms" 7258:"Pro-Nazarbaev Party Merges With President's Power Base" 6741:

Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences

4333:

Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"

3342:

and the goals of finding peaceful solution based on the

3206:), under Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan had good relations with 2668:

Nazarbayev unveiled in his 2012 State of the Nation the

1149:, he was elected as Kazakhstan's first president by the 14467:

Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union

12715:"Kazakhstan: Troubled Nazarbayev grandson dies aged 29" 11398:"N Nazarbayev met with Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic" 10174:. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. p. 122. 9161: 8487: 8485: 8400:"Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic" 8170:"Expo Astana 2017 closes after three successful months" 7484:"Kazakhstan President Nazarbayev sworn in for new term" 4374: 3836:

after a sudden sharp increase in gas prices, President

2371:

of the country until the end of the presidential term.

1722:(local legislatures) taking place every five years and 1698:

from 10 to 17 June 1992 calling for the formation of a

14457:

First secretaries of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan

13580:

Prime Minister of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

13052:"Лукашенко наградил Назарбаева орденом Дружбы народов" 11866:"Nursultan Nazarbayev urges Kazakhstanis to vaccinate" 11157:"Nazarbayev made honorary president of Turkic Council" 9747:"Kazakhstan Celebrates Statehood in Riposte to Russia" 9278:"Kazakhstan and US Renew Nonproliferation Partnership" 8707:"The legacy of Nursultan Nazarbayev in Kazakh history" 7962:"Kazakh leader evokes Ukraine as land protests spread" 6684:. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. p. 81. 5439:: Turk El Ata (Spiritual Leader of the Turkic People). 3338:

where both leaders discussed the issues regarding the

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Kazakhstan under Nazarbayev became co-founders of the

1312:

until his dismissal from that post in response to the

757:

Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR

11918:"Nursultan Nazarbayev addresses people of Kazakhstan" 11639:"Nazarbayev decides to quit as Nur Otan party leader" 10235:"Mohammad Bin Zayed receives President of Kazakhstan" 9973: 7748:"Kazakhstan: President suggests renaming the country" 6832:"Autocratic Kazak Leader Ousts His Reformist Premier" 4473:

Recipient of the Order "For Merits to the Fatherland"

2991:

During Nazarbayev's presidency the main principle of

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Kazakhstan is ranked 161 out of 180 countries on the

1821:

In October 1997, Nazarbayev dismissed Prime Minister

14632:

Resigned Communist Party of the Soviet Union members

13141:"The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Japan" 10669: 10022:"Kazakh President instructs to improve court system" 9139:"State Program Nurly Zhol to Be Extended until 2025" 8649: 8621:"Kazakhstan lifts term limits on long-ruling leader" 8482: 7343:"Kazakhstan lifts term limits on long-ruling leader" 7053:"Asia Now – New prime minister named for Kazakhstan" 6865:"Kazakhstan: Parliament Appoints New Prime Minister" 6595:. Vol. 2. New York City: Garland. p. 715. 3284:

to follow the country's suit and make their nations

14622:

Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

14612:

Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour

12483:Bartlett, Paul; Bisenov, Naubet (23 January 2022). 11561:"Назарбаев встретился с наследным принцем Абу-Даби" 8457: 7511:"Kazakhstan's Presidential Election Shows Progress" 6682:

Central Asia in Focus Political and Economic Issues

4917:Golden Order in honor of the 1000th anniversary of 3806:In the following aftermath of the elections to the 3732:(an institution that itself which bears his name). 3252:on 18–20 May 1992 where he met with U.S. President 2221:

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

2072:released a biography of the Kazakh leader entitled 1923:, on 4 May 2001. Tazhin became the Chairman of the 1786:In March 1995, the Constitutional Court ruled that 1300:and continued to serve as the chairman of both the 1153:. Nazarbayev played a crucial role in opposing the 12534: 12317:"Источник: Назарбаев готовится покинуть Казахстан" 12126:"Nursultan Nazarbayev votes in Nur Otan primaries" 12032: 9619:"How Nursultan became the most loved man on Earth" 9585: 9583: 7228:"January 11. Kazinform's timeline of major events" 3354:. Following months later, U.S. Secretary of State 2205: 1444:. He also spent time training at a steel plant in 12767:, Eurasianet 18 June 2020; retrieved 18 June 2020 12765:Kazakhstan: Nazarbayev diagnosed with coronavirus 12664:"Внук Назарбаева заявил, что он – не внук, а сын" 11976: 11154: 10849:"ИНФОГРАФИКА – Турция и Казахстан: 28 лет дружбы" 10484:. U.S. Government Publishing Office. p. 793. 9254:. Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI). Archived from 8587: 7458:"Kazakhstan Thanks British Nazarbayev Biographer" 6334: 3907:poet whose philosophy is based on an enlightened 3822:2022 unrest and resignation from Security Council 3684:In June 2021, Nazarbayev received a Russian-made 3479:. Two days after leaving office, he attended the 3394:where a Memorandum of Understanding was signed. 2581:Kazakhstan managed to avoid full impact from the 2354:On 19 March 2019, following unusually persistent 14572:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX 14547:Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great 14403: 13929: 13674:First Secretary of the Central Committee of the 13078:"Си Цзиньпин наградил Назарбаева Орденом дружбы" 11737:"Нур-Султан – новое название столицы Казахстана" 9431:"Central Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone (CANWFZ)" 8491: 8308:"Kazakhstan Annuls Law 'On the First President'" 7635:"Kazakhstan Cabinet Reshuffle Promotes Massimov" 7381:"Ruling Party Sweeps Kazakh Parliamentary Polls" 6622:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 317–318. 5819:"Kazakh president declared Leader of the Nation" 4380:Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called 3498:. The former visit took place during the second 2247:to which he accused of being infiltrated by the 1907:Vladimir Putin with Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2000 669:Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR 14642:Recipients of the Supreme Order of Turkic World 14532:First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania 12758: 12482: 10612:Kjuka, Deana; Bokash, Galym (8 November 2012). 9580: 9407:Right time for building global nuclear security 6890:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 4584:Recipient of the Order of Friendship of Peoples 3848:and Almaty, effective from 5 January 2022. The 3810:which were held on 10 January 2021, the ruling 2848:pilgrimage, and supporting mosque renovations. 2202:was aimed at dealing with the economic crisis. 2159:. Massimov in turn, became the new head of the 2143:Painting of Elbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2014 1141:. Nazarbayev became the First Secretary of the 13384:"Presidency of the Republic of Turkey (Photo)" 12822:"Nursultan Nazarbayev undergoes heart surgery" 9871: 8246: 8244: 3775:of "double standards" over its conduct of the 2561:country's socio-economic situation and form a 2210:Nazarbayev for the last time ran again in the 1604:for Gorbachev to consider him for the post of 1518:In 1984, at the age 43, Nazarbayev became the 1208:'s ruling in 2000 allowed him to run again in 14617:Recipients of the Order of Vytautas the Great 14522:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic 14447:Chairmen of the Organization of Turkic States 14212: 13915: 13719: 13695: 10816: 10080: 9332: 8817:"Institutional reforms. Economic development" 7936:"Kazakhstan's land reform protests explained" 6547: 6330: 6328: 3572:during his visit to Kazakhstan for a charity 3248:Nazarbayev made his first state visit to the 1760:in October 1994 and appointing ethnic-Kazakh 1554:deeply angered and betrayed. Kunayev went to 1469:, born in 1963, 1968 and 1980, respectively. 14652:Recipients of the Order of Outstanding Merit 14647:Recipients of the Order of Liberty (Ukraine) 11123: 11101: 9919: 9599:Moscow's Largest Mosque to Undergo Extension 9413:(11 April 2010). Retrieved 3 February 2011. 8553: 7986: 7778:"Kazakhstan prime minister Akhmetov resigns" 7508: 5552: 3735: 2813:During a visit to the central mosque of the 2769:in transportation and "compensation" costs. 2444: 2219:would have looked undemocratic, right?" The 1308:until 2021. He also was the chairman of the 14637:Recipients of the Order of Alexander Nevsky 14542:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles 11506:"Назарбаев открыл сессию АНК в Нур-Султане" 10973: 10611: 9646: 9644: 9170: 8522: 8241: 7285:"Kazakhstan: Ruling Party Gets Even Bigger" 6554:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 136. 6195: 6193: 4322:Medal "For the Development of Virgin Lands" 3557:, during which he congratulated him on his 2652: 2147:On 24 September 2012, Nazarbayev appointed 2109:opponents of Nazarbayev rioted in Mangystau 1561:Kunayev was ousted in 1986 and replaced by 1472:On 15 November 1962, Nazarbayev joined the 14219: 14205: 13922: 13908: 13726: 13712: 13524: 13412:(in Russian). qurultai.org. Archived from 12866:"Nursultan Nazarbayev awarded Algys Order" 11042:"Nauryz celebrated throughout the country" 10701:U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Kazakhstan 10494: 10083:"Kazakhstan is key to the Middle Corridor" 9560: 9394: 9382: 9370: 9358: 9238: 9226: 8888:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 8861: 8583: 8581: 7692:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 7633:Petersen, Alexandros (25 September 2012). 7544:"Abuse claims swamp Kazakh oil riot trial" 7011:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7001:. Washington D.C. 20 May 1999. p. 15. 6977:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 6578: 6535: 6497: 6325: 6319: 6307: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6199: 6184: 6180: 6178: 6169: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6060: 5976: 5974: 5939: 5937: 5688:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 4251:Medal for "10 Years of the City of Astana" 4058:about living persons that is unsourced or 3918:Postage stamp with Nazarbayev and his wife 3369:in January 2018 where he met Trump at the 3058:Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances 2612: 2270:On 8 September 2016, Nazarbayev appointed 1958:was short-lived, facing opposition by the 1538:policies slowly began to take place under 989:Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan 81: 13733: 12314: 11954:(in Russian). 5 July 2020. Archived from 8882:Olcott, Martha Brill (12 December 2011). 8220: 8196:"I doubt Kazakh president will run again" 8090: 6752: 6734: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5414:Recipient of the Gold Medal of Uzbekistan 4838:Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary 4129:Learn how and when to remove this message 3771:Nazarbayev, at the congress, accused the 3271:In September 2006, he met with President 2079: 1832: 1638: 1378:Learn how and when to remove this message 1244:and globally by becoming a member of the 681:22 February 1990 – 24 April 1990 615:24 April 1990 – 16 December 1991 111:16 December 1991 – 20 March 2019 12367: 11663: 10926: 10817:Arystanbekova, Akmaral (13 March 2021). 10640: 10169: 9883: 9641: 9483:"Manifesto: The World. The 21st century" 8907: 7802: 7659: 7632: 7538: 7536: 7175: 6941: 6892:"Freedom in the World 1998 – Kazakhstan" 6190: 5869: 5643: 5563:[nʊrsʊɫˈtɑnæˌbɘʃʊˈɫɤnɑzɑrˈbɑjɪf] 5475:Dani Popescu in the 2020 satirical film 5296:Order of the State of Republic of Turkey 4944:Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the 4449:Recipient of the Order of Akhmad Kadyrov 4337: 4279: 4140: 4005: 3949:, which for a short period made the two 3938:. Aliya's first marriage was notably to 3913: 3582: 3506:. In late-May, Turkish Foreign Minister 3432: 3313: 3309:2012 United States presidential election 3231: 3073: 2970: 2922:Meeting with the Russian then-president 2917: 2808: 2656: 2616: 2523:will be restricted to a five-year term. 2488: 2448: 2253: 2138: 2126: 2083: 2019: 2013:in January 2007 and appointed Deputy PM 1973: 1902: 1836: 1766: 1647: 1643: 1505: 1327: 1248:. Moreover, he played a crucial role in 1173: 729:22 June 1989 – 7 September 1991 255:21 August 1991 – 5 January 2022 223:(Himself as President of the Kazakh SSR) 12452: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12419: 12417: 12288: 11782: 11780: 11070: 10873: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10812: 10810: 10808: 10697:"Secretary Kerry travels to Kazakhstan" 9928:, Singapore: Springer, pp. 75–99, 9650: 9616: 9045: 8841: 8731: 8578: 8427: 8425: 8091:Uatkhanov, Yerbolat (25 January 2017). 7302: 7282: 6296: 6175: 6009: 5980: 5971: 5943: 5934: 5914: 5888: 5484:In 2021, Nazarbayev was interviewed by 3610:In October 2021, during a visit to the 3502:while the latter took place during the 3332:70th session of the UN General Assembly 2708: 2074:Nazarbayev and the Making of Kazakhstan 1771:1993 Kazakh postage stamp of Nazarbayev 1324:until this title was stripped in 2023. 1157:by Soviet hardliners, which led to the 525:28 April 2021 – 5 January 2022 297:1 March 1999 – 28 January 2022 14: 14404: 13469:"We Should Be Glad Borat Still Exists" 13434: 12315:Медведева, Катерина (5 January 2022). 12236: 12153: 12151: 11664:МАМАШҰЛЫ, Асылхан (23 November 2021). 11529: 11527: 11102:Orazgaliyeva, Malika (27 April 2019). 10755: 10665: 10663: 10636: 10634: 10398: 10135: 10133: 9969: 9967: 9771: 9744: 9711: 8955:from the original on 23 September 2015 8881: 8785: 8783: 8618: 8464:. Carnegie Endowment. pp. 27–28. 8379: 7829: 7340: 6775: 6735:Sayabayev, Daniyar (1 November 2016). 6679: 6675: 6673: 6210: 6208: 5956:from the original on 11 September 2019 5799:from the original on 24 September 2016 5778: 5709: 4865:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic 4863:Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the 3437:Nazarbayev (third from the left) with 3318:Nazarbayev (left) with U.S. President 3102:In January 2019, Zimbabwean President 2876: 2797:to be modernized and better balanced. 2782:Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone 2740: 2009:, Nazarbayev dismissed Prime Minister 1734:party won a majority of 30 seats with 1580:, Nazarbayev was elected as the first 1358:Please improve this section by adding 907: 14592:Recipients of the Heydar Aliyev Order 14200: 13903: 13707: 13694: 13466: 12974:"Участие во встрече с лидерами БРИКС" 12645:Семья президента: Нурсултан Назарбаев 12562:"Central Asia's 'perfect couple' wed" 12535:Aidana Yergaliyeva (8 October 2020). 12508: 11223:from the original on 9 September 2019 10927:Байдаров, Еркин (23 September 2018). 10756:Wilkie, Christina (16 January 2018). 10528: 10432:from the original on 30 December 2016 10335: 10106: 9726:from the original on 12 December 2016 9171:Satubaldina, Assel (8 October 2020). 8650:Aigerim Seisembayeva (13 July 2018). 7698:from the original on 10 November 2017 7685: 7660:Petersen, Freya (24 September 2012). 7533: 7521:from the original on 13 November 2012 7455: 6967: 6965: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6616:Karen Dawisha; Bruce Parrott (1994). 6121: 6119: 6117: 5561: 5463: 4353: 3895:Nursultan Nazarbayev identifies as a 3719:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia 3561:and was invited by Zelensky to visit 2700: 2566:on bread, bakery products and flour. 1612:was signed, Nazarbayev would replace 1573:) from 22 February to 24 April 1990. 1188:was absent. In April of that year, a 1116: 769:22 March 1984 – 27 July 1989 482:1 March 1995 – 28 April 2021 14422:20th-century Kazakhstani politicians 14417:21st-century Kazakhstani politicians 13494: 12443: 12414: 11777: 11692:"Укибай объяснил решение Назарбаева" 11456:from the original on 6 November 2019 11352:from the original on 23 October 2019 11326:from the original on 23 October 2019 11300:from the original on 23 October 2019 11009: 10836: 10805: 10737:from the original on 19 January 2017 10380:from the original on 3 February 2009 10032:from the original on 14 October 2016 9753:from the original on 24 January 2016 9651:Leonard, Peter (29 September 2011). 9208:from the original on 31 January 2018 9089:from the original on 11 October 2017 9059:from the original on 13 January 2014 8631:from the original on 10 January 2014 8600:from the original on 8 December 2015 8566:from the original on 23 October 2015 8535:from the original on 8 December 2015 8422: 7987:Orazgaliyeva, Malika (9 June 2016). 7881: 7614:from the original on 7 November 2017 7584:from the original on 9 November 2017 7437:from the original on 11 October 2016 7405: 7361:from the original on 10 January 2014 7116: 6590: 6517:from the original on 12 October 2013 6341:. Psychology Press. pp. 59–61. 5870:Matthews, Austi S. (25 April 2019). 5684:"Background on Nursultan Nazarbayev" 4020: 3460:to be an attempt to turn him into a 2993:Kazakhstan's international relations 2068:In 2009, former UK Cabinet Minister 2028:at the White House in September 2006 1331: 1281:and triggered periods of inflation. 1045:Constitutional Council of Kazakhstan 662:(Himself as President of Kazakhstan) 14537:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 13006:from the original on 8 October 2017 12796:"Meeting with Nursultan Nazarbayev" 12148: 11524: 11213:"Meeting with Nursultan Nazarbayev" 10660: 10641:Nurbekov, Altair (5 October 2015). 10631: 10529:Gedda, George (30 September 2006). 10130: 9964: 9693:from the original on 13 August 2017 9663:from the original on 18 August 2012 9561:Muratbekov, Yertas (11 June 2015). 9071: 8780: 8221:Айтжанова, Ботагоз (21 June 2018). 7283:Pannier, Bruce (22 December 2006). 6670: 6205: 5387:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the 5106:Collar of the Order of Independence 4719:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana 3633: 3204:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 3184:. This will bring us closer to our 2759:anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan 2688:Nurly Zhol – The Path to the Future 2286:was appointed as the member of the 2088:Nazarbayev holding a speech in 2012 2049:won all the contested seats in the 1678:, under the leadership of Chairman 1671:as Defense Minister on 7 May 1992. 1316:. He was an honorary member of the 1131:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 27:President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) 24: 14118: 14028: 13969: 13944: 13390:from the original on 22 March 2014 13318:from the original on 7 August 2019 13223:, Lithuanian Orders searching form 13195:from the original on 27 March 2019 13143:. 15 November 2009. Archived from 13084:from the original on 29 April 2019 12980:from the original on 8 August 2019 12954:from the original on 8 August 2019 12928:from the original on 8 August 2019 12846:from the original on 7 August 2019 12572:from the original on 20 March 2019 12368:Пирогова, Дарья (7 January 2022). 12289:Kumenov, Almaz (20 January 2022). 12104:Информационный портал: Toppress.kz 12033:Andrei Beloborodov (4 July 2020). 11747:from the original on 21 March 2019 10991:from the original on 12 April 2019 10537:. Associated Press. Archived from 10495:Greenhouse, Steven (19 May 1992). 10245:from the original on 31 March 2019 10215:from the original on 20 March 2019 9901:from the original on 29 April 2015 9712:Lillis, Joanna (27 January 2016). 9288:from the original on 23 April 2016 8908:Voloshin, George (13 March 2018). 8262:from the original on 19 March 2019 6962: 6640: 6114: 6010:Auyezov, Olzhas (5 January 2022). 5734:from the original on 20 March 2019 5694:from the original on 27 March 2019 5445:: A street in the central part of 4746:Order of the White Rose of Finland 4145:Nursultan Nazarbayev street, Amman 3614:, Nazarbayev awarded Crown Prince 3542:that his father, former President 3428: 3228:Kazakhstan–United States relations 2549: 2544: 2378:party and remains a member of the 2178:" countries. Nazarbayev suggested 1743:that functioned. In May 1994, the 1732:People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity 1633:Commonwealth of Independent States 1606:Vice President of the Soviet Union 1242:Commonwealth of Independent States 25: 14663: 14482:Party leaders of the Soviet Union 13543: 13441:: A Guide to Every Notable Cameo" 12396:"Wion: Назарбаев находится в ОАЭ" 11977:Mintimer Shaimiev (2 July 2020). 11155:Vakkas Doğantekin (24 May 2019). 11071:Auyezov, Olzhas (29 April 2019). 10703:. 28 October 2015. Archived from 10205:"Mnangagwa arrives in Kazakhstan" 9786:from the original on 7 March 2016 9772:Michel, Casey (19 January 2015). 9745:Lillis, Joanna (6 January 2015). 9629:from the original on 5 March 2017 9441:from the original on 20 June 2019 8504:from the original on 4 March 2016 8478:from the original on 3 June 2016. 7803:Voloshin, George (9 April 2014). 7758:from the original on 10 July 2014 7318:. 10 January 2007. Archived from 7144:"Short-lived, but still a mutiny" 7117:Blua, Antoine (28 January 2002). 6942:МАМАШУЛЫ, Асылхан (5 July 2021). 6636:from the original on 27 May 2013. 6593:Europe Since 1945 An Encyclopedia 6568:from the original on 27 May 2013. 6355:from the original on 27 May 2013. 5981:Chivers, C.J. (6 December 2005). 5915:Bisenov, Naubet (20 March 2019). 5889:Oropeza, Miguel (19 March 2015). 5644:Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de (2013). 5389:Order of St Michael and St George 5335:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 4479: 4300:Order of the Red Banner of Labour 3069:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 2966: 2319:Shanghai Cooperation Organization 1588:. He supported Russian President 1168:in Kazakhstan, where a pervasive 1112:(meaning "Leader of the Nation", 1025:2019–present: Honorary Chairman, 13863: 13829: 13742: 13549: 13488: 13467:Ebiri, Bilge (21 October 2020). 13460: 13428: 13402: 13376: 13350: 13330: 13304: 13278: 13264:Assembly of people of Kazakhstan 13252: 13226: 13207: 13177: 13151: 13133: 13115: 13096: 13070: 13044: 13018: 12992: 12966: 12940: 12914: 12888: 12858: 12832: 12814: 12788: 12770: 12732: 12707: 12682: 12656: 12636: 12610: 12584: 12554: 12528: 12509:Sauer, Pjotr (18 January 2022). 12502: 12476: 12388: 12361: 12335: 12308: 12282: 12256: 12230: 12204: 12178: 12132:. 2 October 2020. Archived from 12118: 12092: 12066: 12052: 12026: 11996: 11970: 11940: 11910: 11884: 11858: 11828: 11798: 11759: 11729: 11710: 11684: 11657: 11631: 11605: 11579: 11553: 11498: 11468: 11442: 11416: 11390: 11364: 11338: 11312: 11286: 11260: 11235: 11205: 11193:from the original on 26 May 2019 11175: 11148: 11136:from the original on 10 May 2019 11117: 11095: 11083:from the original on 10 May 2019 11064: 11034: 11003: 10947: 10920: 10894: 10867: 10775: 10749: 10719: 10689: 10605: 10579: 10553: 10522: 10488: 10469: 10444: 10418: 10392: 10362: 10309: 10283: 10257: 10227: 10197: 10188: 10163: 10100: 10074: 10062:from the original on 6 July 2016 10044: 10014: 9913: 9849:"World Press Freedom Index 2014" 9841: 9798: 9765: 9738: 9705: 9675: 9610: 9592: 9554: 9535: 9523:from the original on 13 May 2016 9505: 9493:from the original on 1 July 2016 9475: 9453: 9423: 9400: 9388: 9376: 9364: 9352: 9326: 9300: 9270: 9244: 9232: 9220: 9190: 9131: 9101: 9033:from the original on 29 May 2019 9015: 8987: 8967: 8942: 8928: 8901: 8875: 8855: 8835: 8809: 8725: 8699: 8674: 8643: 8612: 8547: 8516: 8492:Seymour M. Hersh (9 July 2001). 8451: 8392: 8373: 8355: 8325: 8300: 7830:Lillis, Joanna (27 April 2015). 7728:from the original on 5 July 2015 7554:from the original on 17 May 2012 7456:Casey, Michael (11 April 2017). 7176:Kusainov, Aldar (13 June 2003). 7098:from the original on 27 May 2013 6338:Power and change in Central Asia 5944:Pannier, Bruce (11 March 2015). 5664:from the original on 3 June 2016 5494:Qazaq: History of the Golden Man 5409: 5396: 5382: 5369: 5355: 5342: 5328: 5317: 5304: 5289: 5276: 5262: 5249: 5234: 5221: 5207: 5194: 5179: 5166: 5152: 5139: 5125: 5112: 5101: 5088: 5074: 5061: 5048: 5035: 5021: 5008: 4994: 4981: 4966: 4953: 4939: 4926: 4912: 4899: 4885: 4872: 4858: 4845: 4831: 4818: 4804: 4791: 4777: 4764: 4750: 4739: 4726: 4712: 4699: 4685: 4672: 4658: 4645: 4630: 4617: 4603: 4590: 4579: 4566: 4553: 4540: 4526: 4513: 4499: 4486: 4468: 4455: 4444: 4431: 4417: 4406: 4395: 4384: 4373: 4360: 4326: 4315: 4304: 4293: 4266: 4255: 4244: 4233: 4225: 4217: 4209: 4201: 4193: 4185: 4177: 4166: 4155: 4025: 3890: 3742:2021 Kazakh legislative election 3692: 3600:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 3548:Enthronement of Japanese emperor 3538:, he told the hosting President 3526:and to open his pavilion at the 3407:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt 3299:, Nazarbayev met with President 3221: 2939:Kazakhstan's global rank in the 2795:Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty 2228:rare protests around the country 2094:Nazarbayev ran for a fourth term 1934:In January 2002, Prime Minister 1892:as the PM after his predecessor 1816:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 1806:as well. Both the elections for 1704:Sergey Tereshchenko's government 1487: 1336: 1302:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 1057:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 1033:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 1006: 971: 939: 13435:Reilly, Dan (22 October 2020). 12237:Taylor, Adam (7 January 2021). 11666:"Назарбаев дәуірі аяқталды ма?" 11048:. 26 March 2019. Archived from 10961:(in Russian). 16 September 2018 10880:Информационная система ПАРАГРАФ 10269:Информационная система ПАРАГРАФ 9617:Preston, Peter (19 July 2009). 9145:. 13 March 2019. Archived from 8977:Greenwood Press, 1999, p. 229. 8823:(in Russian). 26 September 2013 8588:Danny O'Brien (4 August 2015). 8461:Kazakhstan: Unfulfilled Promise 8274: 8256:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 8214: 8188: 8162: 8136: 8110: 8084: 8058: 8032: 8006: 7980: 7954: 7928: 7909: 7875: 7849: 7823: 7796: 7770: 7740: 7710: 7686:Keene, Eli (21 February 2013). 7679: 7653: 7626: 7596: 7566: 7502: 7476: 7449: 7419: 7399: 7373: 7334: 7276: 7250: 7220: 7195: 7169: 7136: 7110: 7071: 7045: 7031:Информационная система ПАРАГРАФ 7019: 6991: 6935: 6909: 6883: 6857: 6824: 6769: 6728: 6698: 6584: 6572: 6541: 6529: 6503: 6491: 6447: 6403: 6359: 6313: 6252: 6163: 6102: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6054: 6029: 6003: 5908: 5882: 5863: 5779:Walker, Shaun (24 April 2015). 5576: 5511:Counter-terrorism in Kazakhstan 5186:Order of the White Double Cross 5159:Order of the Republic of Serbia 4744:Grand Cross with Collar of the 4717:First Class with Collar of the 4342:Postage stamp with Nazarbayev, 4275: 4182:Recipient of the Medal "Astana" 4010:Nursultan Nazarbayev monument, 3334:, Nazarbayev met with Obama in 2774:United Nations General Assembly 2539:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2206:2015–2019: Fifth and final term 2024:Nazarbayev with U.S. President 1952:Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan 1844:and Nazarbayev in November 1997 1498:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 1159:dissolution of the Soviet Union 903: 833:Nursultan Äbishulych Nazarbayev 14452:Chairmen of the Turkic Council 13651:Security Council of Kazakhstan 13525:Nazarbayev, Nursultan (1998), 12192:(in Russian). 25 November 2020 11698:(in Russian). 23 November 2021 10172:Russia in Transition, Volume 2 10081:Victor Kotsev (23 June 2023). 8862:Nazarbayev, Nursultan (2000). 8594:Electronic Frontier Foundation 8554:Casey Michel (7 August 2015). 7882:Roth, Andrew (27 April 2015). 7078:Robert D'A. Henderson (2003). 6973:"Background on Nur Otan Party" 6456:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография 6412:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография 6368:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография 6261:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография 6217:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография 6128:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография 5837: 5811: 5772: 5746: 5676: 5637: 5611: 5538: 5241:Order of Isabella the Catholic 4836:Grand Cross with Chair of the 3799:congress, Nazarbayev proposed 3642:proposed renaming the capital 3565:. Nazarbayev met with Spanish 3504:2019 Moscow Victory Day Parade 3443:2019 Moscow Victory Day Parade 3330:In September 2015, during the 2910: 2859: 2836:Nazarbayev initially espoused 2349: 1567:Chairman of the Supreme Soviet 1448:, and therefore was away from 1298:2022 constitutional referendum 1103:Security Council of Kazakhstan 1063:Security Council of Kazakhstan 1031:2021–2022: Honorary Chairman, 1020:Central institution membership 243:Security Council of Kazakhstan 13: 1: 13676:Communist Party of Kazakhstan 13495:Roth, Andrew (11 July 2021). 12670:(in Russian). 23 January 2020 12652:(in Russian). 26 August 2018. 12402:(in Russian). 19 January 2022 12218:(in Russian). 10 January 2021 12190:Радио Азаттык (Azattyk Radio) 11924:. 3 July 2020. Archived from 11567:(in Russian). 28 October 2021 10906:Радио Азаттык (Azattyk Radio) 9992:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867 9829:World Report 2015: Kazakhstan 9815:". Reuters. 27 February 2018. 9333:Stephen Blank (17 May 2023). 8619:Holley, David (19 May 2007). 8439:(in Russian). 21 October 2021 7509:Witt, Daniel (11 June 2011). 7341:Holley, David (19 May 2007). 6776:Mishra, Mukesh Kumar (2009). 5623:Organization of Turkic States 5599: 5455:: The capital of Kazakhstan, 5054:Supreme Order of Turkic World 5043:Organization of Turkic States 4755:Commander Grand Cross of the 4149: 3926:. They have three daughters: 3746:While continuing to lead the 3713:and former Turkish President 3514:. On 7 September, he visited 3468:and Hungarian Prime Minister 3264:which obliged to develop the 3150:Atasu-Alashankou oil pipeline 2675: 2599:financial crisis of 2007–2008 2587:1998 Russian financial crisis 2233:Kazakhstan People's Unity Day 1631:, taking Kazakhstan into the 1594:attempted coup in August 1991 1532:Communist Party of Kazakhstan 1360:secondary or tertiary sources 1143:Communist Party of Kazakhstan 1108:He held the special title of 1095:Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev 1027:Organization of Turkic States 556:Organization of Turkic States 39:Eastern Slavic naming customs 13931:Prime Minister of Kazakhstan 12746:(in Russian). 8 January 2021 12431:(in Russian). 8 January 2022 10359:. Retrieved 3 February 2011. 10323:(in Russian). 19 August 2007 9000:Eurasian Economic Commission 8797:(in Russian). 8 January 2017 8686:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 8523:Peter Baker (11 June 2002). 8458:Martha Brill Olcott (2010). 7310:"Kazakhstan appoints new PM" 7234:(in Russian). Archived from 7123:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 6869:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 5760:(in Russian). 5 January 2022 5572:Нурсултан Абишевич Назарбаев 5239:Knight of the Collar of the 5132:Order of the Star of Romania 4757:Order of the Lion of Finland 4665:Grand Order of King Tomislav 4311:Order of the Badge of Honour 4036:biography of a living person 3621:On 23 November 2021, at the 3293:2012 Nuclear Security Summit 2977:2012 Nuclear Security Summit 2892:including opposition leader 2793:, Nazarbayev called for the 2512:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 2239:would happen. In June 2016, 1520:Prime Minister of Kazakhstan 1190:presidential term referendum 1037:2019–2023: Honorary Member, 7: 14427:Nursultan Nazarbayev family 13983:Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev 11541:(in Russian). 28 April 2021 11512:(in Russian). 28 April 2021 11010:Hess, Max (22 March 2019). 10908:(in Russian). 6 August 2016 10593:(in Russian). 26 March 2012 10399:Keinon, Herb (2 May 2019). 9934:10.1007/978-981-13-6693-2_5 7863:(in Russian). 27 April 2015 5554:Nūrsūltan Äbışūly Nazarbaev 5553: 5549:Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев 5499: 5468:Nazarbayev is portrayed by 4973:Order of Vytautas the Great 4063:must be removed immediately 3942:, the eldest son of former 3777:2020 presidential elections 3755:under the age of 35 in its 3730:National Defense University 3656: 3616:Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan 3598:At the 29th Session of the 3198:Israel–Kazakhstan relations 3180:to Iran with access to the 3106:conducted a state visit to 3060:to Kazakhstan based on the 2975:Nazarbayev (center) at the 2844:heritage by performing the 2804: 2583:1997 Asian financial crisis 2575:National Bank of Kazakhstan 2276:National Security Committee 2161:Presidential Administration 1940:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1925:National Security Committee 1625:first presidential election 1618:Premier of the Soviet Union 1548:1965 Soviet economic reform 10: 14668: 11872:(in Russian). 25 June 2021 10855:(in Russian). 2 March 2020 7084:. Brassey's. p. 272. 6794:10.1177/097492840906500306 6754:10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.018 6335:Sally N. Cummings (2002). 4892:Order of the Chrysanthemum 4001: 3924:Sara Alpysqyzy Nazarbayeva 3825: 3752:2021 legislative elections 3739: 3225: 3195: 3160: 3129:China–Kazakhstan relations 3126: 2883:Human rights in Kazakhstan 2880: 2772:Nazarbayev encouraged the 2679: 2553: 2212:2015 presidential election 1956:Tasmagambetov's government 1850:Constitution of Kazakhstan 1788:1994 legislative elections 1534:. During that period, the 1491: 1294:snap presidential election 1267:2007–2008 financial crisis 1198:Constitution of Kazakhstan 37:In this name that follows 36: 29: 14442:People from Almaty Region 14235: 14111: 14021: 14000: 13962: 13937: 13862: 13828: 13741: 13701: 13696:Links to related articles 13672: 13664: 13659: 13647: 13637: 13628: 13623: 13613: 13604: 13596: 13586: 13577: 13569: 13564: 13336:Slovak republic website, 12106:(in Russian). 4 June 2020 12080:(in Russian). 3 July 2020 10783:"Partners for Prosperity" 9853:Reporters Without Borders 9838:. Retrieved October 2015. 9435:Nuclear Threat Initiative 9055:. EdgeKZ. 18 April 2013. 8842:Gleason, Gregory (2004). 8750:10.1080/09668130500199467 8732:Pomfret, Richard (2005). 6680:Buyers, Lydia M. (2003). 6591:Cook, Bernard A. (2001). 5672:– via Google Books. 5571: 5548: 4784:Order of Legion of Honour 4506:Amir Amanullah Khan Award 4391:Order of Alexander Nevsky 4286:Moscow Victory Day Parade 4162:Order of the Golden Eagle 3922:Nazarbayev is married to 3736:2021 legislative campaign 3709:, former Tatar President 3518:once again to attend the 3376: 3191: 3163:Kazakhstan–Iran relations 2905:Reporters Without Borders 2901:World Press Freedom Index 2445:Allegations of corruption 2135:meeting in Moscow, Russia 2045:were held from which the 1758:Tereshchenko's government 1694:, held demonstrations in 1194:constitutional referendum 1088: 1016: 1002: 994: 984: 966: 961: 947: 935: 917: 888: 870: 859: 828: 823: 819: 803: 791: 773: 762: 755: 745: 733: 722: 715: 705: 695: 685: 674: 667: 651: 639: 619: 608: 597: 593: 589: 579: 575: 568:25 April 2019 – 561: 554:Honorary Chairman of the 553: 541: 529: 518: 511:Honorary Chairman of the 510: 498: 486: 475: 467: 455: 443: 371: 336: 301: 290: 283: 271: 259: 248: 240: 228: 212: 199: 115: 104: 96: 92: 80: 71: 64: 14567:Kazakhstani nationalists 14487:Presidents of Kazakhstan 13660:Party political offices 12644: 10170:Columbus, Frank (2003). 9891:"Rule of Law Index 2015" 9252:"NTI Kazakhstan Profile" 8380:Ruptly (20 March 2019). 5531: 5521:List of national leaders 5516:Government of Kazakhstan 5420: 5214:Grand Order of Mugunghwa 5081:Order of the White Eagle 4946:Order of the Three Stars 3530:. During a visit to the 3385:paid a visit to capital 3352:World Trade Organization 3236:U.S. Secretary of State 3122: 3062:Non-Proliferation Treaty 2945:Kazakhstan's global rank 2778:Non-Proliferation Treaty 2670:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy 2662:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy 2653:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy 2520:Parliament of Kazakhstan 2168:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy 2157:Äkim of Karaganda Region 2038:constitutional amendment 2034:Parliament of Kazakhstan 1986:On 4 December 2005, new 1756:backed down, dismissing 1400:was one of the republics 1246:World Trade Organization 1155:1991 coup d'état attempt 1070:1986–1990: Full member, 72: 14492:National anthem writers 13782:Panteleimon Ponomarenko 13631:President of Kazakhstan 9834:28 October 2016 at the 9604:4 February 2009 at the 9547:7 November 2017 at the 8916:. Eurasia Daily Monitor 7811:. Eurasia Daily Monitor 7641:. Eurasia Daily Monitor 7409:Nations in Transit 2011 5269:Order of Ismoili Somoni 3969:, reportedly died from 3944:President of Kyrgyzstan 3699:Day of the Capital City 3213:Israeli Prime Minister 3156: 2767:fund over $ 800 million 2751:Semipalatinsk Test Site 2643:Moscow State University 2613:Eurasian Economic Union 2509:Prime Minister of Spain 2423:President of Tajikistan 2407:President of Azerbaijan 2399:Eurasian Economic Union 2241:armed attacks in Aktobe 2131:Nazarbayev at the 2012 1964:motion of no confidence 1751:against Prime Minister 1582:President of Kazakhstan 1390:Nazarbayev was born in 1286:anti-government rallies 1254:Semipalatinsk Test Site 1238:Eurasian Economic Union 1099:President of Kazakhstan 99:President of Kazakhstan 14147:Imangali Tasmagambetov 14123: 14033: 13978:Viktor Radus-Zenkovich 13974: 13949: 8791:""Черный" понедельник" 7315:Television New Zealand 6548:James Minahan (1998). 5526:Politics of Kazakhstan 5028:Order of Saint-Charles 5001:Order of the Oak Crown 4350: 4289: 4146: 4078:"Nursultan Nazarbayev" 4050:Please help by adding 4018: 3919: 3769: 3588: 3445: 3327: 3245: 3099: 2988: 2937: 2930: 2818: 2665: 2638: 2515: 2458: 2380:Constitutional Council 2267: 2144: 2136: 2105: 2089: 2080:2011–2015: Fourth term 2029: 1988:presidential elections 1980:Constitutional Council 1948:Imangali Tasmagambetov 1908: 1845: 1833:1999–2006: Second term 1810:(lower house) and the 1772: 1660: 1639:Presidency (1990–2019) 1515: 1347:relies excessively on 1322:Constitutional Council 1320:and the member of the 1206:Constitutional Council 158:Imangali Tasmagambetov 14375:Dzhumgalbek Amanbayev 14172:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev 14142:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 14122: 14083:Masymkhan Beysembayev 14073:Masymkhan Beysembayev 14032: 13973: 13948: 13889:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 13854:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 13777:Zhumabay Shayakhmetov 13735:Leaders of Kazakhstan 13641:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 13343:13 April 2016 at the 13219:19 April 2014 at the 13214:Lithuanian Presidency 13129:on 27 September 2020. 11722:21 March 2019 at the 10376:. 12 September 2007. 10107:Cohen, Ariel (2008). 10028:. 21 September 2016. 9895:World Justice Project 9465:27 March 2014 at the 8973:Alexandrov, Mikhail. 7433:. 23 September 2016. 7406:Dave, Bhavna (2011). 4811:Order of the Redeemer 4341: 4283: 4144: 4009: 3917: 3838:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 3765: 3672:Abdullah II of Jordan 3640:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 3604:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 3586: 3436: 3361:U.S. President-elect 3317: 3235: 3115:to meet Crown Prince 3077: 2974: 2949:World Justice Project 2941:World Justice Project 2932: 2921: 2812: 2784:on 8 September 2006. 2660: 2628: 2556:Economy of Kazakhstan 2492: 2452: 2365:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 2336:, in an interview to 2334:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 2280:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev 2257: 2200:Massimov's government 2142: 2130: 2101: 2087: 2043:legislative elections 2023: 1974:2006–2011: Third term 1936:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 1911:Nazarbayev appointed 1906: 1890:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 1886:legislative elections 1840: 1796:April 1995 referendum 1770: 1749:vote of no confidence 1669:Sagadat Nurmagambetov 1651: 1644:1991–1999: First term 1509: 1328:Early life and career 1290:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 1288:and was succeeded by 1137:of the Kazakh SSR by 1114:Kazakh pronunciation: 1061:1991–2022: Chairman, 1055:1995–2021: Chairman, 1049:1999–2022: Chairman, 995:Years of service 505:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 462:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 422:Mukhtar Kul-Mukhammed 407:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev 387:Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov 325:Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov 278:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 235:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 183:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev 153:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 14627:Soviet metallurgists 14557:Heroes of Kazakhstan 14497:Nur Otan politicians 14412:Nursultan Nazarbayev 14300:Nursultan Nazarbayev 14250:Mykolas Burokevičius 14093:Nursultan Nazarbayev 13884:Nursultan Nazarbayev 13849:Nursultan Nazarbayev 13820:Nursultan Nazarbayev 13558:at Wikimedia Commons 13556:Nursultan Nazarbayev 13529:, Pilkington Press, 13147:on 15 November 2009. 11773:. 14 September 2022. 11219:. 7 September 2019. 10959:«Каспийский вестник» 10874:ТЕМИРГАЛИЕВ, Радик. 9689:. 12 November 2012. 9471:The Washington Times 9417:10 July 2015 at the 7580:. 15 December 2016. 5449:was named after him. 5437:World Turks Qurultai 5350:United Arab Emirates 4890:Grand Cordon of the 4690:Grand Cordon of the 4608:Grand Cordon of the 4056:Contentious material 3870:United Arab Emirates 3834:outbreak of protests 3785:Alexander Lukashenko 3705:, Russian President 3676:President of Croatia 3612:United Arab Emirates 3522:celebrations on the 3419:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 3405:In the aftermath of 3113:United Arab Emirates 2790:The Washington Times 2709:Environmental issues 2647:Aleksandr Lukashenko 2603:Eurasian Land Bridge 2502:President of Finland 2439:Konstantin Chernenko 2415:President of Belarus 2411:Alexander Lukashenko 2032:On 18 May 2007, the 1913:Altynbek Sarsenbayev 1863:Serikbolsyn Abdildin 1728:legislative election 1714:on executive power. 1700:coalition government 1394:, a rural town near 1318:Senate of Kazakhstan 1166:authoritarian regime 1164:Nazarbayev ruled an 1039:Senate of Kazakhstan 285:Chairman of Nur Otan 66:Nursultan Nazarbayev 32:Nazarbayev (surname) 14462:Critics of Islamism 14265:Alexander Dzasokhov 14132:Akezhan Kazhegeldin 14127:Sergey Tereshchenko 14103:Sergey Tereshchenko 14058:Dinmukhamed Kunayev 13954:Alikhan Bukeikhanov 13292:on 13 November 2015 13108:13 May 2019 at the 12243:The Washington Post 11486:on 11 December 2019 11348:. 22 October 2019. 11296:. 22 October 2019. 11217:President of Russia 10211:. 19 January 2019. 10145:untermportal.un.org 10087:Petroleum Economist 9980:Europe-Asia Studies 9859:on 14 February 2014 9811:25 May 2018 at the 9258:on 24 February 2016 8738:Europe-Asia Studies 8176:. 10 September 2017 8046:. 13 September 2016 7922:9 July 2015 at the 7754:. 7 February 2014. 7722:The Washington Post 7415:. pp. 269–270. 7207:cis-legislation.com 6838:. 11 October 1997. 5876:The Washington Post 5492:documentary titled 5433:is named after him. 5333:First Class of the 5294:First Class of the 5184:First Class of the 5157:First Class of the 5026:Grand Cross of the 4999:Grand Cross of the 4971:Grand Cross of the 4809:Grand Cross of the 4782:Grand Cross of the 4663:Grand Cross of the 4637:Order of Friendship 4559:Heydar Aliyev Order 3781:Belarusian protests 3500:Belt and Road Forum 3262:Chevron Corporation 3170:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 3054:non-aggression pact 3038:nuclear disarmament 2877:Human rights record 2741:Nuclear disarmament 2495:President of Russia 2317:and leaders of the 2231:1 May 2016, at the 2111:, described by the 2059:electoral threshold 1878:Sergey Tereshchenko 1823:Akezhan Kazhegeldin 1762:Akezhan Kazhegeldin 1753:Sergey Tereshchenko 1680:Serikbolsyn Abdilin 1665:Ministry of Defense 1275:Russo-Ukrainian War 1250:nuclear disarmament 1174:human rights abuses 1172:surrounded him, as 1170:cult of personality 1105:from 1991 to 2022. 1043:2019–2023: Member, 626:Sergey Tereshchenko 392:Adilbek Zhaksybekov 361:Amangeldı Ermegiaev 352:Zharmakhan Tuyakbay 321:Amangeldı Ermegiaev 317:Sergey Tereshchenko 143:Akezhan Kazhegeldin 138:Sergey Tereshchenko 74:Нұрсұлтан Назарбаев 14305:Saparmyrat Nyýazow 14290:Vladimir Movsisyan 14137:Nurlan Balgimbayev 14124: 14078:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 14034: 13975: 13950: 13810:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 13800:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 13600:Kilibay Medeubekov 13565:Political offices 13416:on 5 November 2017 13364:on 7 November 2017 12902:on 29 October 2013 12876:on 29 January 2021 12828:. 20 January 2023. 12598:on 29 October 2019 12136:on 28 October 2020 11645:. 23 November 2021 11619:. 23 November 2021 11430:on 29 October 2019 11404:on 29 October 2019 11378:on 23 October 2019 11274:on 23 October 2019 11124:Matthew Luxmoore. 10501:The New York Times 10405:The Jerusalem Post 9825:Human Rights Watch 9149:on 28 October 2020 9119:on 28 October 2020 8884:"Kazakhstan at 20" 8494:"The Price of oil" 8072:. 23 November 2016 8020:. 9 September 2016 7888:The New York Times 7666:The World from PRX 7264:. 10 November 2006 6836:The New York Times 5987:The New York Times 5464:In popular culture 4531:Grand Star of the 4354:Russian Federation 4351: 4290: 4147: 4034:This section of a 4019: 3920: 3842:state of emergency 3828:2022 Kazakh unrest 3793:Bulgarian protests 3783:against President 3674:as well as former 3589: 3587:Nazarbayev in 2021 3555:Volodymyr Zelensky 3446: 3328: 3246: 3240:and Nazarbayev in 3215:Benjamin Netanyahu 3117:Mohammed bin Zayed 3104:Emmerson Mnangagwa 3100: 2989: 2931: 2889:Human Rights Watch 2819: 2701:Digital Kazakhstan 2666: 2639: 2516: 2459: 2391:Shavkat Mirziyoyev 2325:which was held in 2315:Felipe VI of Spain 2268: 2264:Shavkat Mirziyoyev 2153:Massimov's cabinet 2145: 2137: 2107:In December 2011, 2090: 2030: 1978:In June 2000, the 1909: 1894:Nurlan Balgimbayev 1846: 1827:Nurlan Balgimbayev 1773: 1741:political factions 1661: 1524:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 1516: 1514:, 21 December 1991 1398:, when Kazakhstan 1139:Dinmukhamed Kunaev 1118:[jelˈbasɯ] 783:Zakash Kamaledinov 701:Kilibay Medeubekov 646:Office established 536:Office established 513:Assembly of People 493:Office established 470:Assembly of People 450:Office established 417:Askar Myrzakhmetov 266:Office established 219:Office established 148:Nurlan Balgimbayev 87:Nazarbayev in 2021 14399: 14398: 14393: 14392: 14280:Absamat Masaliyev 14260:Stanislav Hurenko 14240:Mikhail Gorbachev 14194: 14193: 14098:Uzakbay Karamanov 14063:Zhumabek Tashenev 13897: 13896: 13767:Nikolay Skvortsov 13689: 13688: 13638:Succeeded by 13614:Succeeded by 13590:Uzaqbay Qaramanov 13587:Succeeded by 13554:Media related to 13266:. 15 October 2019 12464:. 18 January 2022 11743:. 20 March 2019. 11593:. 29 October 2021 10987:. 11 April 2019. 10876:"Казахская родня" 10787:The Business Year 10733:. December 2016. 10456:history.state.gov 10241:. 14 March 2019. 10209:The Zimbabwe Mail 10151:on 19 August 2022 10123:978-91-85937-36-3 9943:978-981-13-6693-2 8983:978-0-313-30965-6 8625:Los Angeles Times 8471:978-0-87003-299-8 8258:. 19 March 2019. 7347:Los Angeles Times 7091:978-1-57488-550-7 6629:978-0-521-45895-5 6561:978-0-313-30610-5 6469:978-601-7259-37-2 6425:978-601-7259-37-2 6381:978-601-7259-37-2 6348:978-0-415-25585-1 6274:978-601-7259-37-2 6230:978-601-7259-37-2 6141:978-601-7259-37-2 5730:. 19 March 2019. 5488:in an eight-part 5298:(22 October 2009) 5267:Recipient of the 5212:Recipient of the 4692:Order of the Nile 4635:Recipient of the 4504:Recipient of the 4422:Recipient of the 4411:Recipient of the 4400:Recipient of the 4389:Recipient of the 4331:Recipient of the 4320:Recipient of the 4309:Recipient of the 4298:Recipient of the 4260:Recipient of the 4249:Recipient of the 4238:Recipient of the 4139: 4138: 4131: 4113: 4039:needs additional 3711:Mintimer Shaimiev 3663:pandemic COVID-19 3326:, 16 January 2018 3254:George H. W. Bush 3244:, 2 November 2015 2755:Olzhas Suleimenov 2719:Amazon rainforest 2637:, on 29 May 2014) 2626: 2518:In May 2007, the 2245:colour revolution 2007:political shakeup 1874:Founding Congress 1702:, resignation of 1629:Alma-Ata Protocol 1602:Mikhail Gorbachev 1598:Soviet hardliners 1540:Mikhail Gorbachev 1512:Alma-Ata Protocol 1502:Alma-Ata Protocol 1388: 1387: 1380: 1279:Kazakhstani tenge 1092: 1091: 1012:Supreme Commander 815: 814: 810:Uzakbay Karamanov 690:Uzakbay Karamanov 402:Nurlan Nigmatulin 133:Uzakbay Karamanov 16:(Redirected from 14659: 14360:Anatoly Malafeev 14330:Enn-Arno Sillari 14245:Vladimir Ivashko 14221: 14214: 14207: 14198: 14197: 14152:Daniyal Akhmetov 14048:Nurtas Undasynov 14043:Ibragim Tazhiyev 13924: 13917: 13910: 13901: 13900: 13875:Security Council 13872:(Chairman of the 13867: 13833: 13746: 13728: 13721: 13714: 13705: 13704: 13692: 13691: 13684:Party dissolved 13665:Preceded by 13649:Chairman of the 13597:Preceded by 13570:Preceded by 13562: 13561: 13553: 13539: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13483: 13481: 13464: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13432: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13421: 13406: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13395: 13380: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13369: 13360:. Archived from 13354: 13348: 13334: 13328: 13327: 13325: 13323: 13308: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13297: 13288:. Archived from 13282: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13271: 13256: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13245: 13240:on 8 August 2019 13236:. Archived from 13230: 13224: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13181: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13170: 13161:. Archived from 13155: 13149: 13148: 13137: 13131: 13130: 13119: 13113: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13089: 13074: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13063: 13058:on 8 August 2019 13054:. Archived from 13048: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13037: 13028:. Archived from 13022: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13011: 12996: 12990: 12989: 12987: 12985: 12970: 12964: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12944: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12933: 12918: 12912: 12911: 12909: 12907: 12898:. Archived from 12892: 12886: 12885: 12883: 12881: 12872:. Archived from 12862: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12836: 12830: 12829: 12818: 12812: 12811: 12809: 12807: 12792: 12786: 12785: 12782:The Astana Times 12774: 12768: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12736: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12711: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12700: 12686: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12675: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12640: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12629: 12620:. Archived from 12614: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12603: 12594:. Archived from 12588: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12558: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12541:The Astana Times 12532: 12526: 12525: 12523: 12521: 12515:The Moscow Times 12506: 12500: 12499: 12497: 12495: 12480: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12469: 12454: 12441: 12440: 12438: 12436: 12421: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12392: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12381: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12354: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12312: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12301: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12275: 12270:. 5 January 2022 12260: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12249: 12234: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12182: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12171: 12155: 12146: 12145: 12143: 12141: 12122: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12111: 12096: 12090: 12089: 12087: 12085: 12070: 12064: 12063: 12056: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12045: 12039:The Astana Times 12030: 12024: 12023: 12021: 12019: 12010:. Archived from 12000: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11983:The Astana Times 11974: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11944: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11914: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11903: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11862: 11856: 11855: 11853: 11851: 11842:. Archived from 11832: 11826: 11825: 11823: 11821: 11812:. Archived from 11802: 11796: 11795: 11792:The Astana Times 11784: 11775: 11774: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11754: 11752: 11733: 11727: 11714: 11708: 11707: 11705: 11703: 11688: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11661: 11655: 11654: 11652: 11650: 11635: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11598: 11583: 11577: 11576: 11574: 11572: 11557: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11546: 11531: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11502: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11491: 11482:. Archived from 11472: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11446: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11426:. Archived from 11420: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11400:. Archived from 11394: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11374:. Archived from 11368: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11342: 11336: 11335: 11333: 11331: 11316: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11305: 11290: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11279: 11270:. Archived from 11264: 11258: 11257: 11255: 11253: 11239: 11233: 11232: 11230: 11228: 11209: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11198: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11152: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11110: 11099: 11093: 11092: 11090: 11088: 11068: 11062: 11061: 11059: 11057: 11052:on 31 March 2019 11046:The Astana Times 11038: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11022:on 26 March 2019 11018:. Archived from 11016:The Moscow Times 11007: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10977: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10924: 10918: 10917: 10915: 10913: 10898: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10887: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10845: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10823:The Astana Times 10814: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10789:. Archived from 10779: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10753: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10723: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10712: 10693: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10676:The Astana Times 10667: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10647:The Astana Times 10638: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10609: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10583: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10572: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10526: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10515: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10473: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10462: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10411: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10385: 10366: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10345:. Archived from 10339: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10313: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10261: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10201: 10195: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10167: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10147:. Archived from 10137: 10128: 10127: 10115: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10018: 10012: 10011: 9971: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9917: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9887: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9855:. Archived from 9845: 9839: 9822: 9816: 9802: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9779:The New Republic 9769: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9758: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9709: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9679: 9673: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9648: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9614: 9608: 9596: 9590: 9587: 9578: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9567:The Astana Times 9558: 9552: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9519:. 5 April 2016. 9509: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9498: 9479: 9473: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9427: 9421: 9404: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9374: 9368: 9362: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9230: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9202:The Astana Times 9194: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9177:The Astana Times 9168: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9115:. Archived from 9113:primeminister.kz 9105: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9083:The Astana Times 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9008: 8991: 8985: 8971: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8960: 8946: 8940: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8859: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8787: 8778: 8777: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8678: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8658:. Archived from 8656:The Astana Times 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8585: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8551: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8489: 8480: 8479: 8455: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8444: 8429: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8410:on 21 March 2019 8406:. Archived from 8396: 8390: 8389: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8369:. 19 March 2019. 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8343:on 20 March 2019 8339:. Archived from 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8248: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8218: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8166: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8097:The Astana Times 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7993:The Astana Times 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7932: 7926: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7774: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7630: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7540: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7453: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7387:. 19 August 2007 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7238:on 23 March 2018 7224: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7150:. 26 June 2003. 7140: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7059:. 1 October 1999 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7023: 7017: 7016: 7010: 7002: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6969: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6939: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6871:. 9 October 1997 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6756: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6716:on 17 March 2015 6712:. Archived from 6702: 6696: 6695: 6677: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6649: 6638: 6637: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6588: 6582: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6507: 6501: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6478: 6472:. Archived from 6461: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6434: 6428:. Archived from 6417: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6390: 6384:. Archived from 6373: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6332: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6283: 6277:. Archived from 6266: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6239: 6233:. Archived from 6222: 6212: 6203: 6197: 6188: 6182: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6150: 6144:. Archived from 6133: 6123: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5978: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5961: 5941: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5720: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5699: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5615: 5593: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5565: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5542: 5413: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5386: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5359: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5332: 5324:Order of Liberty 5321: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5293: 5282: 5280: 5279: 5266: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5238: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5211: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5183: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5156: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5129: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5105: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5078: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5052: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5025: 5014: 5012: 5011: 4998: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4970: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4943: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4916: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4889: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4862: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4835: 4824: 4822: 4821: 4808: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4781: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4754: 4743: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4716: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4689: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4662: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4634: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4610:Order of Leopold 4607: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4583: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4557: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4530: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4503: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4472: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4448: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4421: 4410: 4399: 4388: 4377: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4330: 4319: 4308: 4297: 4270: 4259: 4248: 4237: 4229: 4221: 4213: 4205: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4170: 4159: 4134: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4114: 4112: 4071: 4052:reliable sources 4029: 4028: 4021: 3961:and understands 3901:Abai Qunanbaiuly 3854:Security Council 3846:Mangystau Region 3717:. Former Deputy 3703:Armen Sarkissian 3634:Capital renaming 3559:election victory 3508:Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu 3457:The Moscow Times 3367:Washington, D.C. 3078:Nazarbayev with 2763:Project Sapphire 2721:." He called on 2695:Beibut Atamkulov 2627: 2531:Security Council 2493:Nazarbayev with 2484:Irina Petrushova 2453:Nazarbayev with 2332:Senate Chairman 2258:Nazarbayev with 2194:and reappointed 2055:two-party system 2011:Daniyal Akhmetov 1968:Daniyal Akhmetov 1917:Security Council 1708:executive branch 1692:Republican Party 1610:New Union Treaty 1455:Sara Nazarbayeva 1446:Dniprodzerzhynsk 1431:Abai Qunanbaiuly 1427:Russian language 1412:collectivization 1383: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1363: 1340: 1332: 1310:Security Council 1120: 1115: 1010: 977: 975: 974: 962:Military service 957: 954: 943: 911: 909: 905: 846: 842: 840: 824:Personal details 806: 794: 787:Makhtay Sagdiyev 781:Salamay Mukashev 767: 751:Office abolished 748: 736: 727: 708: 698: 679: 663: 658:Office abolished 654: 642: 622: 613: 577: 576: 566: 548:Office abolished 544: 532: 523: 501: 489: 480: 468:Chairman of the 458: 446: 357:Aleksandr Pavlov 295: 274: 262: 253: 241:Chairman of the 231: 224: 215: 202: 163:Daniyal Akhmetov 118: 109: 85: 75: 62: 61: 21: 14667: 14666: 14662: 14661: 14660: 14658: 14657: 14656: 14402: 14401: 14400: 14395: 14394: 14389: 14380:Gregory Yeremey 14365:Stepan Pogosyan 14355:Gennady Yanayev 14325:Galina Semenova 14295:Ayaz Mutallibov 14285:Qahhor Mahkamov 14275:Petru Lucinschi 14255:Givi Gumbaridze 14231: 14225: 14195: 14190: 14182:Älihan Smaiylov 14107: 14068:Salken Daulenov 14053:Elubay Taibekov 14017: 14009:Nygmet Nurmakov 13996: 13993:Nygmet Nurmakov 13988:Saken Seyfullin 13958: 13933: 13928: 13898: 13893: 13873: 13871: 13858: 13837: 13824: 13795:Nikolai Belyaev 13787:Leonid Brezhnev 13753:First Secretary 13750: 13737: 13732: 13697: 13679: 13670: 13654: 13643: 13634: 13619: 13617:Yerik Asanbayev 13610: 13602: 13592: 13583: 13575: 13546: 13537: 13516: 13515: 13505: 13503: 13493: 13489: 13479: 13477: 13465: 13461: 13451: 13449: 13433: 13429: 13419: 13417: 13408: 13407: 13403: 13393: 13391: 13382: 13381: 13377: 13367: 13365: 13356: 13355: 13351: 13345:Wayback Machine 13335: 13331: 13321: 13319: 13310: 13309: 13305: 13295: 13293: 13284: 13283: 13279: 13269: 13267: 13258: 13257: 13253: 13243: 13241: 13232: 13231: 13227: 13221:Wayback Machine 13212: 13208: 13198: 13196: 13183: 13182: 13178: 13168: 13166: 13165:on 16 July 2012 13157: 13156: 13152: 13139: 13138: 13134: 13121: 13120: 13116: 13110:Wayback Machine 13101: 13097: 13087: 13085: 13076: 13075: 13071: 13061: 13059: 13050: 13049: 13045: 13035: 13033: 13032:on 6 March 2019 13024: 13023: 13019: 13009: 13007: 12998: 12997: 12993: 12983: 12981: 12972: 12971: 12967: 12957: 12955: 12946: 12945: 12941: 12931: 12929: 12920: 12919: 12915: 12905: 12903: 12894: 12893: 12889: 12879: 12877: 12864: 12863: 12859: 12849: 12847: 12838: 12837: 12833: 12820: 12819: 12815: 12805: 12803: 12794: 12793: 12789: 12776: 12775: 12771: 12763: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12738: 12737: 12733: 12723: 12721: 12713: 12712: 12708: 12698: 12696: 12688: 12687: 12683: 12673: 12671: 12662: 12661: 12657: 12650:Рамблер/новости 12646: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12627: 12625: 12624:on 9 April 2016 12616: 12615: 12611: 12601: 12599: 12590: 12589: 12585: 12575: 12573: 12560: 12559: 12555: 12545: 12543: 12533: 12529: 12519: 12517: 12507: 12503: 12493: 12491: 12481: 12477: 12467: 12465: 12456: 12455: 12444: 12434: 12432: 12423: 12422: 12415: 12405: 12403: 12394: 12393: 12389: 12379: 12377: 12366: 12362: 12352: 12350: 12341: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12324: 12313: 12309: 12299: 12297: 12287: 12283: 12273: 12271: 12262: 12261: 12257: 12247: 12245: 12235: 12231: 12221: 12219: 12210: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12184: 12183: 12179: 12169: 12167: 12156: 12149: 12139: 12137: 12124: 12123: 12119: 12109: 12107: 12098: 12097: 12093: 12083: 12081: 12072: 12071: 12067: 12058: 12057: 12053: 12043: 12041: 12031: 12027: 12017: 12015: 12002: 12001: 11997: 11987: 11985: 11975: 11971: 11961: 11959: 11946: 11945: 11941: 11931: 11929: 11916: 11915: 11911: 11901: 11899: 11890: 11889: 11885: 11875: 11873: 11870:lenta.inform.kz 11864: 11863: 11859: 11849: 11847: 11834: 11833: 11829: 11819: 11817: 11804: 11803: 11799: 11794:. 27 June 2020. 11786: 11785: 11778: 11765: 11764: 11760: 11750: 11748: 11735: 11734: 11730: 11726:, 20 March 2019 11724:Wayback Machine 11715: 11711: 11701: 11699: 11690: 11689: 11685: 11675: 11673: 11670:Азаттық радиосы 11662: 11658: 11648: 11646: 11637: 11636: 11632: 11622: 11620: 11611: 11610: 11606: 11596: 11594: 11585: 11584: 11580: 11570: 11568: 11559: 11558: 11554: 11544: 11542: 11533: 11532: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11504: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11487: 11474: 11473: 11469: 11459: 11457: 11448: 11447: 11443: 11433: 11431: 11422: 11421: 11417: 11407: 11405: 11396: 11395: 11391: 11381: 11379: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11355: 11353: 11344: 11343: 11339: 11329: 11327: 11318: 11317: 11313: 11303: 11301: 11292: 11291: 11287: 11277: 11275: 11266: 11265: 11261: 11251: 11249: 11247:en.president.az 11241: 11240: 11236: 11226: 11224: 11211: 11210: 11206: 11196: 11194: 11189:. 24 May 2019. 11181: 11180: 11176: 11166: 11164: 11153: 11149: 11139: 11137: 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10288: 10284: 10274: 10272: 10263: 10262: 10258: 10248: 10246: 10233: 10232: 10228: 10218: 10216: 10203: 10202: 10198: 10193: 10189: 10182: 10168: 10164: 10154: 10152: 10139: 10138: 10131: 10124: 10113: 10105: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10079: 10075: 10065: 10063: 10058:. 5 July 2016. 10050: 10049: 10045: 10035: 10033: 10020: 10019: 10015: 9972: 9965: 9956: 9954: 9944: 9918: 9914: 9904: 9902: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9876: 9872: 9862: 9860: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9836:Wayback Machine 9823: 9819: 9813:Wayback Machine 9803: 9799: 9789: 9787: 9770: 9766: 9756: 9754: 9743: 9739: 9729: 9727: 9710: 9706: 9696: 9694: 9681: 9680: 9676: 9666: 9664: 9649: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9615: 9611: 9606:Wayback Machine 9597: 9593: 9588: 9581: 9571: 9569: 9559: 9555: 9549:Wayback Machine 9540: 9536: 9526: 9524: 9511: 9510: 9506: 9496: 9494: 9481: 9480: 9476: 9467:Wayback Machine 9458: 9454: 9444: 9442: 9429: 9428: 9424: 9419:Wayback Machine 9411:Chicago Tribune 9405: 9401: 9395:Nazarbayev 1998 9393: 9389: 9383:Nazarbayev 1998 9381: 9377: 9371:Nazarbayev 1998 9369: 9365: 9359:Nazarbayev 1998 9357: 9353: 9343: 9341: 9331: 9327: 9317: 9315: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9291: 9289: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9259: 9250: 9249: 9245: 9239:Nazarbayev 1998 9237: 9233: 9227:Nazarbayev 1998 9225: 9221: 9211: 9209: 9196: 9195: 9191: 9181: 9179: 9169: 9162: 9152: 9150: 9137: 9136: 9132: 9122: 9120: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9092: 9090: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9036: 9034: 9029:. 29 May 2019. 9021: 9020: 9016: 9006: 9004: 8993: 8992: 8988: 8972: 8968: 8958: 8956: 8948: 8947: 8943: 8933: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8906: 8902: 8892: 8890: 8880: 8876: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8840: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8815: 8814: 8810: 8800: 8798: 8789: 8788: 8781: 8730: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8665: 8663: 8662:on 2 April 2019 8648: 8644: 8634: 8632: 8617: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8586: 8579: 8569: 8567: 8552: 8548: 8538: 8536: 8529:Chicago Tribune 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8490: 8483: 8472: 8456: 8452: 8442: 8440: 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7541: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7507: 7503: 7493: 7491: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7467: 7465: 7464:. Arlington, VA 7454: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7425: 7424: 7420: 7412: 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7239: 7232:lenta.inform.kz 7226: 7225: 7221: 7211: 7209: 7201: 7200: 7196: 7186: 7184: 7174: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7142: 7141: 7137: 7127: 7125: 7115: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7062: 7060: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7036: 7034: 7025: 7024: 7020: 7004: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6992: 6982: 6980: 6971: 6970: 6963: 6953: 6951: 6940: 6936: 6926: 6924: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6900: 6898: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6782:India Quarterly 6774: 6770: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6692: 6678: 6671: 6661: 6659: 6651: 6650: 6641: 6630: 6614: 6610: 6603: 6589: 6585: 6579:Nazarbayev 1998 6577: 6573: 6562: 6546: 6542: 6536:Nazarbayev 1998 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6498:Nazarbayev 1998 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6479:on 2 April 2021 6476: 6470: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6435:on 2 April 2021 6432: 6426: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6391:on 2 April 2021 6388: 6382: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6349: 6333: 6326: 6320:Nazarbayev 1998 6318: 6314: 6308:Nazarbayev 1998 6306: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6284:on 2 April 2021 6281: 6275: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6240:on 2 April 2021 6237: 6231: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6206: 6200:Nazarbayev 1998 6198: 6191: 6185:Nazarbayev 1998 6183: 6176: 6170:Nazarbayev 1998 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6151:on 2 April 2021 6148: 6142: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6115: 6109:Nazarbayev 1998 6107: 6103: 6097:Nazarbayev 1998 6095: 6091: 6085:Nazarbayev 1998 6083: 6079: 6073:Nazarbayev 1998 6071: 6067: 6061:Nazarbayev 1998 6059: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6008: 6004: 5991: 5989: 5979: 5972: 5959: 5957: 5942: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5913: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5887: 5883: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5852: 5849:intellinews.com 5843: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5777: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5737: 5735: 5722: 5721: 5710: 5697: 5695: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5658: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5597: 5596: 5581: 5577: 5558: 5543: 5539: 5534: 5502: 5466: 5423: 5397: 5395: 5370: 5368: 5343: 5341: 5305: 5303: 5277: 5275: 5250: 5248: 5222: 5220: 5195: 5193: 5167: 5165: 5140: 5138: 5113: 5111: 5089: 5087: 5062: 5060: 5036: 5034: 5009: 5007: 4982: 4980: 4954: 4952: 4927: 4925: 4900: 4898: 4873: 4871: 4846: 4844: 4819: 4817: 4792: 4790: 4765: 4763: 4727: 4725: 4700: 4698: 4673: 4671: 4646: 4644: 4639:(28 April 2019) 4618: 4616: 4591: 4589: 4567: 4565: 4541: 4539: 4514: 4512: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4456: 4454: 4432: 4430: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4348:Dmitry Medvedev 4278: 4152: 4135: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4072: 4070: 4049: 4030: 4026: 4004: 3893: 3830: 3824: 3801:Bauyrjan Baibek 3744: 3738: 3722:Grigory Karasin 3695: 3659: 3636: 3520:Moscow City Day 3431: 3429:Post-presidency 3379: 3230: 3224: 3200: 3194: 3165: 3159: 3131: 3125: 3098:in Russia, 2018 3092:Dmitry Medvedev 3080:Nikol Pashinyan 2985:Dmitry Medvedev 2969: 2924:Dmitry Medvedev 2913: 2894:Vladimir Kozlov 2885: 2879: 2862: 2807: 2743: 2711: 2703: 2684: 2678: 2655: 2617: 2615: 2578:head of state. 2558: 2552: 2550:Economic issues 2547: 2545:Domestic policy 2498:Dmitry Medvedev 2447: 2431:Leonid Brezhnev 2352: 2266:in October 2018 2208: 2124:of detainees. 2092:In April 2011, 2082: 2070:Jonathan Aitken 1976: 1944:State Secretary 1859:Supreme Council 1835: 1792:Supreme Council 1764:as the new PM. 1745:Supreme Council 1654:Henry Kissinger 1646: 1641: 1614:Valentin Pavlov 1544:Khrushchev Thaw 1528:First Secretary 1504: 1490: 1474:Communist Party 1384: 1373: 1367: 1364: 1357: 1353:primary sources 1341: 1330: 1186:Supreme Council 1113: 1084: 1022: 1021: 1011: 972: 970: 951: 928: 924: 913: 901: 897: 895:Sara Konakayeva 880: 872: 871:Other political 860:Political party 847: 844: 838: 836: 835: 834: 804: 792: 786: 784: 782: 780: 768: 763: 746: 734: 728: 723: 706: 696: 680: 675: 661: 660: 652: 640: 634: 632:Yerik Asanbayev 630: 628: 620: 614: 609: 585: 567: 562: 542: 530: 524: 519: 499: 487: 481: 476: 456: 444: 439: 436: 432:Bauyrjan Baibek 427:Mäulen Äşimbaev 412:Bauyrjan Baibek 397:Darhan Kaletaev 380: 379: 367: 364: 345: 344: 332: 329: 310: 309: 296: 291: 272: 260: 254: 249: 229: 222: 221: 213: 206:Yerik Asanbayev 200: 195: 192: 126: 125: 116: 110: 105: 88: 76: 73: 67: 58: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14665: 14655: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14397: 14396: 14391: 14390: 14388: 14387: 14385:Mikhail Surkov 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14335:Sergey Sokolov 14332: 14327: 14322: 14320:Alfrēds Rubiks 14317: 14315:Yuri Prokofiev 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14236: 14233: 14232: 14224: 14223: 14216: 14209: 14201: 14192: 14191: 14189: 14187:Oljas Bektenov 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14167:Karim Massimov 14164: 14162:Serik Akhmetov 14159: 14157:Karim Massimov 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14117: 14115: 14109: 14108: 14106: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14088:Bayken Ashimov 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14027: 14025: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14004: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13968: 13966: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13956: 13943: 13941: 13939:Alash Autonomy 13935: 13934: 13927: 13926: 13919: 13912: 13904: 13895: 13894: 13892: 13891: 13886: 13880: 13878: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13851: 13845: 13843: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13822: 13817: 13815:Gennady Kolbin 13812: 13807: 13805:Ismail Yusupov 13802: 13797: 13792: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13772:Gennady Borkov 13769: 13764: 13762:Levon Mirzoyan 13758: 13756: 13739: 13738: 13731: 13730: 13723: 13716: 13708: 13702: 13699: 13698: 13687: 13686: 13681: 13671: 13668:Gennady Kolbin 13666: 13662: 13661: 13657: 13656: 13645: 13644: 13639: 13636: 13627: 13621: 13620: 13615: 13612: 13603: 13598: 13594: 13593: 13588: 13585: 13576: 13573:Bayken Ashimov 13571: 13567: 13566: 13560: 13559: 13545: 13544:External links 13542: 13541: 13540: 13535: 13521: 13520: 13514: 13513: 13487: 13459: 13437:"Who's Who in 13427: 13401: 13375: 13349: 13329: 13303: 13277: 13251: 13225: 13206: 13176: 13150: 13132: 13114: 13095: 13069: 13043: 13017: 12991: 12965: 12939: 12913: 12887: 12857: 12831: 12813: 12802:. 30 June 2021 12787: 12784:. 3 July 2020. 12769: 12757: 12731: 12706: 12681: 12655: 12635: 12609: 12583: 12553: 12527: 12501: 12475: 12442: 12413: 12387: 12360: 12334: 12307: 12295:eurasianet.org 12281: 12255: 12229: 12203: 12177: 12147: 12117: 12091: 12065: 12062:. 5 July 2020. 12051: 12025: 12014:on 5 July 2020 11995: 11969: 11958:on 5 July 2020 11939: 11928:on 6 July 2020 11909: 11898:. 27 June 2021 11883: 11857: 11846:on 5 July 2020 11827: 11816:on 5 July 2020 11797: 11776: 11758: 11728: 11709: 11683: 11656: 11630: 11604: 11578: 11552: 11523: 11497: 11467: 11441: 11415: 11389: 11363: 11337: 11311: 11285: 11259: 11234: 11204: 11174: 11161:Anadolu Agency 11147: 11116: 11094: 11063: 11033: 11002: 10972: 10946: 10933:eurasia.expert 10919: 10893: 10866: 10835: 10804: 10793:on 7 June 2021 10774: 10748: 10718: 10707:on 15 May 2021 10688: 10659: 10630: 10604: 10578: 10565:whitehouse.gov 10552: 10541:on 7 June 2021 10521: 10487: 10468: 10443: 10428:. mfa.gov.il. 10417: 10391: 10361: 10334: 10308: 10282: 10256: 10226: 10196: 10187: 10180: 10162: 10129: 10122: 10099: 10073: 10043: 10013: 9963: 9942: 9912: 9882: 9870: 9840: 9817: 9797: 9764: 9749:. EurasiaNet. 9737: 9704: 9674: 9640: 9609: 9591: 9579: 9553: 9534: 9504: 9474: 9452: 9422: 9399: 9387: 9375: 9363: 9351: 9325: 9299: 9269: 9243: 9231: 9219: 9189: 9160: 9130: 9100: 9070: 9044: 9014: 8986: 8966: 8941: 8927: 8900: 8874: 8854: 8851:. p. 248. 8834: 8808: 8779: 8744:(6): 859–876. 8724: 8698: 8673: 8642: 8611: 8577: 8546: 8515: 8498:The New Yorker 8481: 8470: 8450: 8421: 8391: 8372: 8354: 8324: 8299: 8273: 8240: 8213: 8202:. 20 June 2018 8187: 8161: 8150:. 10 June 2017 8135: 8124:. 6 March 2017 8109: 8083: 8057: 8031: 8005: 7979: 7953: 7927: 7908: 7874: 7848: 7836:eurasianet.org 7822: 7795: 7784:. 2 April 2014 7769: 7739: 7709: 7678: 7652: 7625: 7595: 7565: 7532: 7501: 7490:. 8 April 2011 7475: 7448: 7418: 7398: 7385:eurasianet.org 7372: 7333: 7322:on 15 May 2011 7301: 7275: 7249: 7219: 7194: 7182:eurasianet.org 7168: 7135: 7109: 7090: 7070: 7044: 7018: 6990: 6979:. 5 April 2012 6961: 6934: 6923:. 9 March 2015 6908: 6882: 6856: 6823: 6788:(3): 313–327. 6768: 6727: 6697: 6690: 6669: 6639: 6628: 6608: 6601: 6583: 6571: 6560: 6540: 6528: 6502: 6490: 6468: 6446: 6424: 6402: 6380: 6358: 6347: 6324: 6312: 6295: 6273: 6251: 6229: 6204: 6189: 6174: 6162: 6140: 6113: 6101: 6089: 6077: 6065: 6053: 6028: 6002: 5970: 5933: 5907: 5881: 5862: 5836: 5825:. 15 June 2010 5810: 5771: 5745: 5708: 5675: 5656: 5650:. p. 57. 5636: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5575: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5498: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5450: 5440: 5434: 5429:: A street in 5422: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5377:United Kingdom 5366: 5365: 5364: 5362:Order of Zayed 5360:Collar of the 5339: 5338: 5337: 5326: 5322:Member of the 5301: 5300: 5299: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5243:(23 June 2017) 5218: 5217: 5216: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5130:Collar of the 5109: 5108: 5107: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5079:Knight of the 5058: 5057: 5056: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5005: 5004: 5003: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4748: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4642: 4641: 4640: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4481: 4480:Foreign awards 4478: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4474: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4415: 4404: 4393: 4382: 4378:Knight of the 4355: 4352: 4336: 4335: 4324: 4313: 4302: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4264: 4253: 4242: 4231: 4223: 4215: 4207: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4175: 4171:Collar of the 4164: 4160:Collar of the 4151: 4148: 4137: 4136: 4060:poorly sourced 4033: 4031: 4024: 4003: 4000: 3986:Vladimir Putin 3971:cardiac arrest 3892: 3889: 3861:Echo of Moscow 3832:Following the 3826:Main article: 3823: 3820: 3740:Main article: 3737: 3734: 3707:Vladimir Putin 3694: 3691: 3668:Vladimir Putin 3658: 3655: 3635: 3632: 3512:Turkic Council 3439:Vladimir Putin 3430: 3427: 3411:Gülen movement 3378: 3375: 3344:Minsk Protocol 3273:George W. Bush 3223: 3220: 3193: 3190: 3158: 3155: 3124: 3121: 3096:FIFA World Cup 3052:to conclude a 3013:United Kingdom 2968: 2967:Foreign policy 2965: 2912: 2909: 2903:, compiled by 2881:Main article: 2878: 2875: 2861: 2858: 2838:anti-religious 2806: 2803: 2787:In an oped in 2742: 2739: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2677: 2674: 2654: 2651: 2614: 2611: 2597:Following the 2563:market economy 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2468:The New Yorker 2457:in Seoul, 2010 2446: 2443: 2419:Emomali Rahmon 2395:Vladimir Putin 2351: 2348: 2296:Bloomberg News 2272:Karim Massimov 2260:Vladimir Putin 2207: 2204: 2196:Karim Massimov 2192:Serik Akhmetov 2188:low oil prices 2149:Serik Akhmetov 2081: 2078: 2026:George W. Bush 2015:Karim Massimov 1975: 1972: 1929:Alnur Mussayev 1834: 1831: 1676:Supreme Soviet 1667:and appointed 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1586:Supreme Soviet 1563:Gennady Kolbin 1489: 1486: 1386: 1385: 1344: 1342: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1271:2010s oil glut 1214:2007 amendment 1182:rule by decree 1151:Supreme Soviet 1135:Prime Minister 1090: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1068: 1065: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1004: 1000: 999: 996: 992: 991: 986: 985:Branch/service 982: 981: 968: 964: 963: 959: 958: 949: 945: 944: 937: 933: 932: 919: 915: 914: 899: 893: 892: 890: 886: 885: 874: 868: 867: 861: 857: 856: 855:, Soviet Union 832: 830: 826: 825: 821: 820: 817: 816: 813: 812: 807: 801: 800: 798:Bayken Ashimov 795: 789: 788: 778:Bayken Ashimov 775: 771: 770: 760: 759: 753: 752: 749: 743: 742: 740:Gennady Kolbin 737: 731: 730: 720: 719: 713: 712: 711:Erik Asanbayev 709: 703: 702: 699: 693: 692: 687: 683: 682: 672: 671: 665: 664: 655: 649: 648: 643: 637: 636: 623: 621:Vice President 617: 616: 606: 605: 595: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 580: 573: 572: 559: 558: 551: 550: 545: 539: 538: 533: 527: 526: 516: 515: 508: 507: 502: 496: 495: 490: 484: 483: 473: 472: 465: 464: 459: 453: 452: 447: 441: 440: 438: 437: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 383: 377: 376: 375: 373: 369: 368: 366: 365: 363: 362: 359: 354: 348: 342: 341: 340: 338: 334: 333: 331: 330: 328: 327: 322: 319: 313: 307: 306: 305: 303: 299: 298: 288: 287: 281: 280: 275: 269: 268: 263: 257: 256: 246: 245: 238: 237: 232: 226: 225: 216: 210: 209: 203: 201:Vice President 197: 196: 194: 193: 191: 190: 185: 180: 178:Karim Massimov 175: 173:Serik Akhmetov 170: 168:Karim Massimov 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 129: 123: 122: 121: 119: 117:Prime Minister 113: 112: 102: 101: 94: 93: 90: 89: 86: 78: 77: 69: 68: 65: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14664: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14437:Living people 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14407: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14340:Yegor Stroyev 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14310:Ivan Polozkov 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14270:Islam Karimov 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14237: 14234: 14229: 14222: 14217: 14215: 14210: 14208: 14203: 14202: 14199: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14121: 14116: 14114: 14110: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14035: 14031: 14026: 14024: 14020: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14003: 13999: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13972: 13967: 13965: 13961: 13955: 13952: 13951: 13947: 13942: 13940: 13936: 13932: 13925: 13920: 13918: 13913: 13911: 13906: 13905: 13902: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13870: 13866: 13861: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13836: 13832: 13827: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791:Ivan Yakovlev 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13749: 13745: 13740: 13736: 13729: 13724: 13722: 13717: 13715: 13710: 13709: 13706: 13700: 13693: 13685: 13682: 13678: 13677: 13669: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13652: 13646: 13642: 13633: 13632: 13626: 13622: 13618: 13609: 13608: 13601: 13595: 13591: 13582: 13581: 13574: 13568: 13563: 13557: 13552: 13548: 13547: 13538: 13532: 13528: 13523: 13522: 13518: 13517: 13502: 13498: 13491: 13476: 13475: 13470: 13463: 13448: 13447: 13442: 13440: 13431: 13415: 13411: 13410:"Declaration" 13405: 13389: 13385: 13379: 13363: 13359: 13353: 13346: 13342: 13339: 13338:State honours 13333: 13317: 13313: 13307: 13291: 13287: 13281: 13265: 13261: 13255: 13239: 13235: 13229: 13222: 13218: 13215: 13210: 13194: 13190: 13186: 13180: 13164: 13160: 13154: 13146: 13142: 13136: 13128: 13124: 13118: 13111: 13107: 13104: 13099: 13083: 13079: 13073: 13057: 13053: 13047: 13031: 13027: 13021: 13005: 13001: 12995: 12979: 12975: 12969: 12953: 12949: 12943: 12927: 12923: 12917: 12901: 12897: 12891: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12861: 12845: 12841: 12835: 12827: 12823: 12817: 12801: 12797: 12791: 12783: 12779: 12773: 12766: 12761: 12745: 12741: 12735: 12720: 12716: 12710: 12695: 12691: 12685: 12669: 12665: 12659: 12651: 12647: 12639: 12623: 12619: 12613: 12597: 12593: 12587: 12571: 12567: 12563: 12557: 12542: 12538: 12531: 12516: 12512: 12505: 12490: 12486: 12479: 12463: 12459: 12453: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12430: 12426: 12420: 12418: 12401: 12397: 12391: 12375: 12371: 12364: 12348: 12347:Радио Азаттык 12344: 12338: 12322: 12318: 12311: 12296: 12292: 12285: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12244: 12240: 12233: 12217: 12213: 12207: 12191: 12187: 12181: 12165: 12164:informburo.kz 12161: 12154: 12152: 12135: 12131: 12127: 12121: 12105: 12101: 12095: 12079: 12078:Радио Азаттык 12075: 12069: 12061: 12055: 12040: 12036: 12029: 12013: 12009: 12005: 11999: 11984: 11980: 11973: 11957: 11953: 11949: 11943: 11927: 11923: 11919: 11913: 11897: 11893: 11887: 11871: 11867: 11861: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11831: 11815: 11811: 11807: 11801: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11781: 11772: 11768: 11762: 11746: 11742: 11741:Tengrinews.kz 11738: 11732: 11725: 11721: 11718: 11713: 11697: 11696:Tengrinews.kz 11693: 11687: 11671: 11667: 11660: 11644: 11640: 11634: 11618: 11614: 11608: 11592: 11588: 11582: 11566: 11565:Tengrinews.kz 11562: 11556: 11540: 11536: 11530: 11528: 11511: 11507: 11501: 11485: 11481: 11477: 11471: 11455: 11451: 11445: 11429: 11425: 11419: 11403: 11399: 11393: 11377: 11373: 11367: 11351: 11347: 11341: 11325: 11321: 11315: 11299: 11295: 11289: 11273: 11269: 11263: 11248: 11244: 11238: 11222: 11218: 11214: 11208: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11178: 11162: 11158: 11151: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11120: 11105: 11098: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11067: 11051: 11047: 11043: 11037: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11006: 10990: 10986: 10985:The Economist 10982: 10976: 10960: 10956: 10950: 10934: 10930: 10923: 10907: 10903: 10897: 10881: 10877: 10870: 10854: 10850: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10824: 10820: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10778: 10763: 10759: 10752: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10722: 10706: 10702: 10698: 10692: 10677: 10673: 10666: 10664: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10635: 10619: 10615: 10608: 10592: 10588: 10582: 10566: 10562: 10556: 10540: 10536: 10532: 10525: 10510: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10491: 10480: 10479: 10472: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10431: 10427: 10421: 10406: 10402: 10395: 10379: 10375: 10371: 10365: 10348: 10344: 10338: 10322: 10318: 10312: 10296: 10295:adilet.zan.kz 10292: 10286: 10270: 10266: 10260: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10230: 10214: 10210: 10206: 10200: 10191: 10183: 10181:1-59033-760-3 10177: 10173: 10166: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10136: 10134: 10125: 10119: 10112: 10111: 10103: 10088: 10084: 10077: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10047: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10017: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9970: 9968: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9916: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9879: 9874: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9844: 9837: 9833: 9830: 9826: 9821: 9814: 9810: 9807: 9801: 9785: 9781: 9780: 9775: 9768: 9752: 9748: 9741: 9725: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9708: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9678: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9647: 9645: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9613: 9607: 9603: 9600: 9595: 9586: 9584: 9568: 9564: 9557: 9550: 9546: 9543: 9538: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9508: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9478: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9461: 9456: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9426: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9403: 9397:, p. 150 9396: 9391: 9385:, p. 142 9384: 9379: 9373:, p. 143 9372: 9367: 9361:, p. 141 9360: 9355: 9340: 9336: 9329: 9314:. 25 May 2023 9313: 9312:eureporter.co 9309: 9303: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9257: 9253: 9247: 9240: 9235: 9228: 9223: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9178: 9174: 9167: 9165: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9134: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9018: 9003:. 29 May 2014 9002: 9001: 8996: 8990: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8970: 8954: 8951: 8945: 8938: 8937: 8931: 8915: 8911: 8904: 8889: 8885: 8878: 8867: 8866: 8858: 8847: 8846: 8838: 8822: 8818: 8812: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8784: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8728: 8713:. 6 July 2020 8712: 8711:Businessworld 8708: 8702: 8687: 8683: 8677: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8646: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8615: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8584: 8582: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8550: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8488: 8486: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8463: 8462: 8454: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8426: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8395: 8387: 8383: 8376: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8328: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8245: 8228: 8227:Tengrinews.kz 8224: 8217: 8201: 8197: 8191: 8175: 8171: 8165: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8098: 8094: 8087: 8071: 8070:Bloomberg.com 8067: 8061: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8019: 8015: 8009: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7967: 7963: 7957: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7912: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7878: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7837: 7833: 7826: 7810: 7806: 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