38:
1274:
797:
281:'s government. He spent 10 years in prison after being arrested on 22 June 1964 alongside Mugabe, Tekere, Nyagumbo and Takawira for his political activities. While in prison he specifically authorised Chitepo to continue the struggle from abroad as a representative of ZANU. Sithole was convicted on a charge of plotting to assassinate Ian Smith and released from prison in 1974.
408:
205:, in July 1963. He worked as a United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (UCCZ) minister. He spent 10 years in prison after the government banned ZANU. A rift along tribal lines split ZANU in 1975, and he lost the
376:
He was granted the right to appeal, appeal was filed, but the case was never heard by the
Supreme Court. He was allowed bail because of his deteriorating health. He died on 12 December 2000, in
365:(though he withdrew shortly before the election after claiming that Mugabe's ZANU-PF was undermining his campaign). In December 1997, a court tried and convicted him of conspiring with
1373:
334:
His exit from ZANU was claimed by Mugabe to have been caused by his neglecting the fighters in Zambia (where their camp was bombed resulting in many fatalities and casualties).
1328:
292:, with a car bomb. Mugabe, in Mozambique at the time, was unanimously chosen to be the first secretary of ZANU. Later that year there was a factional split, with many
407:; he therefore had invited some of them to stay on the farm. This incensed the government, which then carried out an eviction operation. This was co-ordinated by the
395:'s ZANU-PF government, on the grounds that it harboured the "undesirables" of Harare. These were people who had been left homeless after being summarily evicted from
886:
749:
342:
Declaring that his life was in danger from political enemies, Sithole went into self-imposed exile first in the United
Kingdom in the early-1980s and then in
1383:
1378:
369:
to assassinate Mugabe and the government disqualified him from attending parliament. Sithole's small opposition group again won the
Chipinge seat in the
241:
and its immediate prohibition by the minority government motivated his entry into politics. During his studies in the United States he studied at the
1368:
1318:
662:
489:
827:
938:
1042:
400:
222:
1348:
1343:
874:
153:
1282:
1089:
237:. He studied teaching in the United States from 1955 to 1958, and was ordained a Methodist minister in 1958. The publication of his book
722:
Interview with
Ndabaningi Sithole by Tor Sellström within the project Nordic Documentation on the Liberation Struggle in Southern Africa
950:
742:
1363:
1358:
1247:
693:
544:
991:
301:
1353:
1253:
961:
944:
391:
on
Bulawayo Road, was legally purchased in 1992 under "willing buyer – willing seller" arrangements. It was later confiscated by
1037:
370:
354:
327:, which paved the way for fresh elections, but his ZANU-Ndonga Party's supporters and their villages were targeted by Mugabe's
206:
857:
839:
758:
735:
362:
324:
384:, United States. The author of three books on African politics, he is survived by his wife, Vesta, and five adult children.
1338:
1259:
721:
1388:
1333:
863:
845:
1323:
1053:
880:
1095:
1083:
926:
811:
583:
242:
182:
1048:
851:
636:
411:
as well as the City of Harare. Pre-dawn raids were carried out and, in the aftermath, Porta Farm was confiscated.
1101:
979:
973:
254:
198:
148:
428:
1113:
785:
817:
52:
967:
490:"RHODESIA SEIZES A FOE OF REGIME - Sithole, Rival of Nkomo, to Face Charges Soon - Article - NYTimes.com"
956:
892:
670:
197:(21 July 1920 – 12 December 2000) was a Zimbabwean politician and statesman who was the founder of the
320:
293:
833:
462:
115:
1077:
1015:
985:
343:
273:. In 1964 there was a party Congress at Gwelo, where Sithole was elected president and appointed
245:
and attended the First Church in Newton, founded in 1665, both located in Newton, Massachusetts.
234:
1059:
770:
521:
1119:
1071:
904:
423:, a novel published in 1972 by The Third Press/Joseph Okpaku Publishing Co., Inc., New York (
1313:
1308:
1287:
1107:
1010:
898:
8:
822:
663:"Latest International Human Rights News and Information | Amnesty International USA"
316:
419:
Sithole was the most prolific Black author in
Rhodesia. He published 12 books including
1148:
588:
1273:
1224:
1171:
1027:
1021:
424:
226:
1194:
611:
308:-dominated ZANU (now called ZANU PF) followed Mugabe with a more militant agenda.
1277:
1065:
467:
403:. Sithole had felt compassion for them, and what he felt was the breach of their
258:
90:
727:
517:"R.W. Johnson · How Mugabe came to power: Wilfred Mhanda · LRB 22 February 2001"
1212:
1188:
1032:
869:
57:
37:
1302:
1200:
1165:
1142:
1136:
392:
347:
312:
274:
262:
210:
516:
201:(ZANU), a militant, nationalist organisation that opposed the government of
1206:
404:
381:
377:
305:
297:
266:
136:
132:
111:
25:
545:"Black Opposition Leader in Rhodesia Ends Boycott - Article - NYTimes.com"
932:
779:
396:
230:
300:
into the equally militant ZAPU. Sithole eventually founded the moderate
640:
584:"Zimbabwe President's Last Rival Withdraws From Election - NYTimes.com"
270:
177:
1230:
449:
Case
Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey
366:
278:
796:
762:
358:
202:
694:"Ndabaningi Sithole: Zimbabwe's forgotten intellectual and leader"
387:
His farm, "Porta Farm" situated 25 kilometres (16 mi) from
388:
289:
285:
361:
in southeastern
Zimbabwe in 1995, and was a candidate in the
331:
troops and it failed to win any seats in the 1980 elections.
328:
515:
Mhanda, R. W. Johnson Talks to
Wilfred (22 February 2001).
319:
on 31 July 1979. Later in
September 1979 he attended the
277:
to be his secretary general. ZANU was banned in 1964 by
16:
Zimbabwean revolutionary and founder of ZANU (1920–2000)
350:, around 1984, returning to Zimbabwe in January 1992.
447:
Veenhoven, Willem Adriaan, Ewing, and Winifred Crum.
1374:
Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga politicians
1329:
Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army personnel
304:party, which renounced violent struggle, while the
253:He was one of the founders and chief architect of
780:Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
757:
409:Ministry of Local Government and National Housing
1300:
887:Zimbabwe African People's Union – Federal Party
743:
401:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1991
284:On 18 March 1975 Chitepo was assassinated in
1384:Members of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe
691:
1379:Zimbabwean expatriates in the United States
1090:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
828:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
357:to parliament for his tribal stronghold of
750:
736:
36:
257:party in August 1963 in conjunction with
1369:Andover Newton Theological School alumni
875:Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga
229:, on 21 July 1920. Sithole's father was
1319:People from Matabeleland North Province
945:Movement for Democratic Change Alliance
612:"Ndabaningi Sithole Remanded In Prison"
1301:
951:Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube
514:
992:Zimbabwe United People's Organisation
858:United Movement for Democratic Change
840:National Alliance for Good Governance
731:
692:Mushakavanhu, Tinashe (6 July 2022).
604:
563:
482:
315:'s transitional government under the
441:
1349:Prisoners and detainees of Zimbabwe
1344:Prisoners and detainees of Rhodesia
537:
460:
337:
13:
1054:Responsible Government Association
669:. 18 December 2015. Archived from
14:
1400:
1096:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party
927:Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
715:
461:Uys, Stanley (15 December 2000).
243:Andover Newton Theological School
183:Andover Newton Theological School
1364:21st-century Methodist ministers
1359:20th-century Methodist ministers
1272:
910:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance (ZYA)
852:Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland
795:
569:Michael Cowen and Liisa Laakso.
53:Member of Parliament of Zimbabwe
1102:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party
980:Zimbabwe African National Union
974:United African National Council
881:Zimbabwe African People's Union
685:
655:
571:Multi-party Elections in Africa
255:Zimbabwe African National Union
199:Zimbabwe African National Union
1354:Zimbabwean Methodist ministers
1084:Rhodesian White People's Party
939:Movement for Democratic Change
629:
576:
508:
454:
1:
1114:United National Federal Party
786:Citizens Coalition for Change
434:
216:
463:"The Rev Ndabaningi Sithole"
7:
1339:People convicted of treason
269:in the Highfields House of
10:
1405:
1389:Rhodesian Methodist clergy
1334:Zimbabwean revolutionaries
893:Zimbabwe Development Party
363:1996 presidential election
1324:Alumni of Achimota School
1268:
1240:
1181:
1158:
1129:
1043:National Democratic Party
1001:
962:People's Democratic Party
917:
804:
793:
769:
592:. Zimbabwe. 16 March 1996
321:Lancaster House Agreement
188:
176:
168:
160:
144:
121:
105:
100:
96:
84:
74:
63:
51:
47:
35:
23:
846:National Patriotic Front
834:Mthwakazi Republic Party
637:"Know Your City - SDI -"
414:
1078:Rhodesia National Party
986:Zimbabwe Unity Movement
933:Forum Party of Zimbabwe
344:Silver Spring, Maryland
248:
164:Vesta Zvamwaida Sithole
1060:Rhodesian Action Party
812:Coalition of Democrats
522:London Review of Books
1120:United Rhodesia Party
1072:Rhodesia Labour Party
905:Zimbabwe Labour Party
864:United People's Party
724:– dated 25 July 1995.
399:in Harare before the
1288:Politics of Zimbabwe
1108:United Federal Party
1011:Central Africa Party
899:Zimbabwe First Party
221:Sithole was born in
1221:(ZANU, ZANU–Ndonga)
823:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
371:June 2000 elections
317:Internal Settlement
239:African Nationalism
233:and his mother was
1283:Parties by country
1219:Ndabaningi Sithole
1149:Emmerson Mnangagwa
918:Defunct Zimbabwean
589:The New York Times
549:The New York Times
494:The New York Times
195:Ndabaningi Sithole
30:Ndabaningi Sithole
1296:
1295:
1225:Morgan Tsvangirai
1172:Morgan Tsvangirai
1028:Confederate Party
1022:City Youth League
1002:Defunct Rhodesian
818:Liberal Democrats
759:Political parties
573:, 2002. Page 339.
451:, 1975. Page 326.
227:Southern Rhodesia
192:
191:
1396:
1276:
1195:Arthur Mutambara
968:Republican Front
799:
752:
745:
738:
729:
728:
709:
708:
706:
704:
698:The Conversation
689:
683:
682:
680:
678:
659:
653:
652:
650:
648:
639:. Archived from
633:
627:
626:
624:
622:
616:Hartford-hwp.com
608:
602:
601:
599:
597:
580:
574:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
541:
535:
534:
532:
530:
525:. pp. 26–27
512:
506:
505:
503:
501:
486:
480:
479:
477:
475:
458:
452:
445:
338:Exile and return
140:
128:
125:12 December 2000
101:Personal details
87:
77:
68:
40:
21:
20:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1264:
1250:(ZANU, ZANU–PF)
1236:
1209:(ZAPU, ZANU–PF)
1177:
1159:Prime Ministers
1154:
1125:
1066:Rhodesian Front
1003:
997:
957:Patriotic Front
919:
913:
800:
791:
765:
756:
718:
713:
712:
702:
700:
690:
686:
676:
674:
673:on 25 June 2009
661:
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593:
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499:
497:
488:
487:
483:
473:
471:
468:TheGuardian.com
459:
455:
446:
442:
437:
417:
340:
325:Lord Carrington
311:Sithole joined
259:Herbert Chitepo
251:
219:
152:
145:Political party
131:
130:
126:
110:
91:Wilson Khumbula
85:
80:Goodson Sithole
75:
69:
64:
55:
43:
42:Sithole in 1955
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1402:
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1371:
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1285:
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1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1241:Armed factions
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1213:Welshman Ncube
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1189:Nelson Chamisa
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
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1123:
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1111:
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1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1033:Dominion Party
1030:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
954:
948:
947:(MDC-Alliance)
942:
936:
930:
923:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
870:United Parties
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861:
855:
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843:
837:
831:
825:
820:
815:
808:
806:
802:
801:
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783:
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766:
755:
754:
747:
740:
732:
726:
725:
717:
716:External links
714:
711:
710:
684:
667:Amnestyusa.org
654:
643:on 12 May 2009
628:
603:
575:
562:
536:
507:
496:. 23 June 1964
481:
453:
439:
438:
436:
433:
421:The Polygamist
416:
413:
339:
336:
250:
247:
218:
215:
207:1980 elections
190:
189:
186:
185:
180:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
146:
142:
141:
129:(aged 80)
123:
119:
118:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
78:
72:
71:
61:
60:
58:Chipinge South
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
29:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1401:
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1239:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:Abel Muzorewa
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:Robert Mugabe
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:Robert Mugabe
1141:
1138:
1137:Canaan Banana
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:Federal Party
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1000:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
922:
916:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
877:(ZANU–Ndonga)
876:
873:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:Other parties
803:
798:
787:
784:
781:
778:
777:
775:
772:
771:Parliamentary
768:
764:
760:
753:
748:
746:
741:
739:
734:
733:
730:
723:
720:
719:
699:
695:
688:
672:
668:
664:
658:
642:
638:
632:
617:
613:
607:
591:
590:
585:
579:
572:
566:
551:. August 1979
550:
546:
540:
524:
523:
518:
511:
495:
491:
485:
470:
469:
464:
457:
450:
444:
440:
432:
430:
426:
422:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:Robert Mugabe
390:
385:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
348:United States
345:
335:
332:
330:
326:
323:, chaired by
322:
318:
314:
313:Abel Muzorewa
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:Robert Mugabe
272:
268:
264:
263:Robert Mugabe
260:
256:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
214:
212:
211:Robert Mugabe
208:
204:
200:
196:
187:
184:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
147:
143:
138:
134:
124:
120:
117:
113:
108:
104:
99:
95:
92:
89:
83:
79:
73:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
22:
19:
1227:(MDC, MDC–T)
1218:
1207:Joshua Nkomo
1191:(MDC–T, CCC)
1049:Reform Party
1016:Centre Party
701:. Retrieved
697:
687:
675:. Retrieved
671:the original
666:
657:
645:. Retrieved
641:the original
631:
619:. Retrieved
615:
606:
594:. Retrieved
587:
578:
570:
565:
553:. Retrieved
548:
539:
527:. Retrieved
520:
510:
498:. Retrieved
493:
484:
472:. Retrieved
466:
456:
448:
443:
420:
418:
405:human rights
386:
382:Pennsylvania
378:Philadelphia
375:
352:
341:
333:
310:
298:Joshua Nkomo
283:
267:Edgar Tekere
252:
238:
220:
194:
193:
156:(after 1975)
137:Pennsylvania
133:Philadelphia
127:(2000-12-12)
112:Nyamandhlovu
109:21 July 1920
86:Succeeded by
65:
26:The Reverend
18:
1314:2000 deaths
1309:1920 births
677:22 December
621:22 December
596:22 December
555:22 December
529:22 December
500:22 December
355:was elected
302:ZANU-Ndonga
223:Nyamandlovu
154:ZANU–Ndonga
151:(1963–1975)
76:Preceded by
1303:Categories
1182:Key people
1130:Presidents
901:(ZimFirst)
435:References
429:0893880361
296:following
271:Enos Nkala
217:Early life
178:Alma mater
1231:Ian Smith
1168:(ZANU–PF)
1151:(ZANU–PF)
1145:(ZANU–PF)
889:(ZAPU–FP)
782:(ZANU–PF)
703:26 August
647:7 October
367:Chimwenje
279:Ian Smith
70:1995–2000
66:In office
1278:Politics
763:Zimbabwe
397:shanties
359:Chipinge
203:Rhodesia
169:Children
116:Rhodesia
1260:FROLIZI
1215:(MDC–N)
1197:(MDC–M)
1174:(MDC–T)
1092:(SRANC)
1004:parties
953:(MDC–N)
920:parties
830:(MDC–T)
773:parties
294:Ndebele
235:Ndebele
1256:(ZAPU)
1203:(UANC)
1139:(ZANU)
1116:(UNFP)
1104:(SRLP)
1098:(SRCP)
1086:(RWPP)
994:(ZUPO)
982:(ZANU)
976:(UANC)
883:(ZAPU)
860:(UMDC)
854:(PUMA)
842:(NAGG)
814:(CODE)
474:7 July
427:
389:Harare
290:Zambia
286:Lusaka
161:Spouse
1254:ZIPRA
1248:ZANLA
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1056:(RGA)
1045:(NDP)
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929:(CAZ)
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836:(MRP)
788:(CCC)
415:Books
329:ZANLA
306:Shona
1233:(RF)
1068:(RF)
1018:(CP)
970:(RF)
705:2022
679:2015
649:2009
623:2015
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557:2015
531:2015
502:2015
476:2020
425:ISBN
265:and
249:ZANU
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