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In a multi-core system, connected by NoC, coherency messages and cache miss requests have to pass switches. Accordingly, switches can be augmented with simple tracking and forwarding elements to detect which cache blocks will be requested in the future by which cores. Then, the forwarding elements
1713:
Slyusar V. I., Slyusar D.V. Pyramidal design of nanoantennas array. // VIII International
Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT'11). - Kyiv, Ukraine. - National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". - September 20â23, 2011. - Pp. 140â142.
1218:
Many challenging research problems remain to be solved at all levels, from the physical link level through the network level, and all the way up to the system architecture and application software. The first dedicated research symposium on networks on chip was held at
1262:
NoC development and studies require comparing different proposals and options. NoC traffic patterns are under development to help such evaluations. Existing NoC benchmarks include NoCBench and MCSL NoC Traffic
Patterns.
1198:
would be necessary to achieve microsecond precision, a degree that is rarely needed in practice for end users (sound or video jitter need only tenth of milliseconds latency guarantee). Another motivation for NoC-level
1002:
The topology determines the physical layout and connections between nodes and channels. The message traverses hops, and each hop's channel length depends on the topology. The topology significantly influences both
1796:
Marcello
Coppola, Miltos D. Grammatikakis, Riccardo Locatelli, Giuseppe Maruccia, Lorenzo Pieralisi, "Design of Cost-Efficient Interconnect Processing Units: Spidergon STNoC", CRC Press, 2008,
2027:
Design
Automation for Embedded Systems (Springer), "Application driven network-on-chip architecture exploration & refinement for a complex SoC", June 2011, Volume 15, Issue 2, pp 133â158,
853:-based design. Preceding researches proposed the design that routes data packets instead of routing the wires. Then, the concept of "network on chips" was proposed in 2002. NoCs improve the
1007:
and power consumption. Furthermore, since the topology determines the number of alternative paths between nodes, it affects the network traffic distribution, and hence the
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1501:. Association for Computing Machinery, ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation. New York, N.Y.: Association for Computing Machinery. 2001.
1175:. Real-time computation, including audio and video playback, is one reason for providing QoS support. However, current system implementations like
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multicast any requested block to all the cores that may request the block in the future. This mechanism reduces cache miss rate.
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on the level of service that a user receives, a feature that may be deemed desirable by some corporate or government clients.
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Proceedings, 2001 Design
Automation Conference : 38th DAC: Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV, June 18-22, 2001
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1977:"Tree-based scheme for reducing shared cache miss rate leveraging regional, statistical and temporal similarities"
1735:"Tree-based scheme for reducing shared cache miss rate leveraging regional, statistical and temporal similarities"
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applications the service quality of existing on-chip interconnect infrastructure is sufficient, and dedicated
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http://www.arteris.com/hs-fs/hub/48858/file-14363521-pdf/docs/springer-appdrivennocarchitecture8.5x11.pdf
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The possible way to increasing the performance of NoC is use wireless communication channels between
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Proceedings Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Conference and Exhibition 2000 (Cat. No. PR00537)
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of interconnections in the communications subsystem yield several improvements over traditional
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platform services to enable advanced features in modern heterogeneous applications on a single
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in comparison with previous communication architectures (e.g., dedicated point-to-point signal
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In 2000s, researchers had started to propose a type of on-chip interconnection in the form of
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infrastructure. In such instances, hardware QoS logic enables the service provider to make
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1644:"Balancing On-Chip Network Latency in Multi-Application Mapping for Chip-Multiprocessors".
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are able to achieve sub-millisecond real-time computing without special hardware.
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of complex SoCs compared to other communication subsystem designs. They are an
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2083:
1996:
1893:
Giorgios
Dimitrakopoulos; Anastasios Psarras; Ioannis Seitanidis (2014-08-27).
1811:
1754:
1271:
An interconnect processing unit (IPU) is an on-chip communication network with
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1203:(QoS) is to support multiple concurrent users sharing resources of a single
4192:
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929:
491:
388:
243:
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3482:
3337:
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2037:
1120:
1069:
for a discussion of wiring requirements for point-to-point connections).
1054:
1027:. For large designs, in particular, this has several limitations from a
854:
4203:
2016:
NoCS 2007 - The 1st ACM/IEEE International
Symposium on Networks-on-Chip
1023:
connections, with one wire dedicated to each signal. This results in a
944:
881:
4293:
3863:
3853:
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383:
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1895:
Microarchitecture of
Network-on-Chip Routers: A Designer's Perspective
1822:
1227:
International
Symposium on Networks-on-Chip was held in April 2008 at
4425:
3954:
3951:
3693:
2763:
2741:
1561:
1452:"A generic architecture for on-chip packet-switched interconnections"
1136:
1104:
1043:
866:
773:
591:
147:
2021:
NoCS 2008 - The 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip
1934:
Natalie Enright Jerger; Tushar Krishna; Li-Shiuan Peh (2017-06-19).
1865:
44:
4430:
4368:
3969:
2788:
1974:
1732:
1276:
1242:
1053:, as signal propagation in wires across the chip requires multiple
976:
912:
NoCs can span synchronous and asynchronous clock domains, known as
1841:
Network-on-chip: the Next Generation of System-on-Chip Integration
1588:
Network-on-chip: the Next Generation of System-on-Chip Integration
2778:
2736:
2093:
1866:
Sheng Ma; Libo Huang; Mingche Lai; Wei Shi; Zhiying Wang (2014).
1304:
1180:
1176:
1096:
1095:
The wires in the links of the network-on-chip are shared by many
1038:
in the number of interconnections. The wires occupy much of the
789:
2015:
1658:
1049:
technology, interconnects dominate both performance and dynamic
4335:
2793:
2758:
2723:
2020:
1868:
Networks-on-Chip: From Implementations to Programming Paradigms
2010:
1409:
1279:
components which jointly implement key functions of different
719:
3251:
2783:
2753:
1238:
and devices comprising an optical network on a chip (ONoC).
1115:
keeps growing, a NoC provides enhanced performance (such as
4115:
3263:
3183:
2773:
1400:
1391:
1320:
1163:(QoS), namely achieve the various requirements in terms of
1124:
1046:
710:
701:
16:
Electronic communication subsystem on an integrated circuit
1358:
1349:
This article uses the convention that "NoC" is pronounced
865:, with projections for large growth in the near future as
744:
2703:
2693:
1761:
1621:"Network-on-chip (NoC) interconnect topologies explained"
1184:
928:
or functional unit on the System-on-Chip to have its own
1815:
849:
networks in order to address the scalability issues of
1590:(1st ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 3.
1283:
programming models through a set of communication and
788:). The modules on the IC are typically semiconductor
1458:. Paris, France: IEEE Comput. Soc. pp. 250â256.
1418:
1406:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1370:
1361:
1355:
1019:
Traditionally, ICs have been designed with dedicated
756:
747:
741:
728:
716:
707:
704:
698:
842:, many of which are still experimental as of 2018.
1403:
1107:in the NoC can operate simultaneously on different
713:
1838:
1585:
827:and brings notable improvements over conventional
1159:Some researchers think that NoCs need to support
819:NoC technology applies the theory and methods of
4523:
1870:(1st ed.). Amsterdam, NL: Morgan Kaufmann.
1690:"Inter/Intra-Chip Optical Network Bibliography-"
1543:
1374:. Therefore, it uses the convention "a" for the
1839:Kundu, Santanu; Chattopadhyay, Santanu (2014).
1828:http://www.sigda.org/newsletter/2006/060415.txt
1586:Kundu, Santanu; Chattopadhyay, Santanu (2014).
1449:
1266:
1139:must be designed in such a way that they offer
1975:Marzieh Lenjani; Mahmoud Reza Hashemi (2014).
1733:Marzieh Lenjani; Mahmoud Reza Hashemi (2014).
1090:
4219:
2276:
2053:
986:(SFNs) to limit the number, length, area and
662:
1143:and can hence utilize the potential of NoC.
3281:Computer performance by orders of magnitude
1843:(1st ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
1544:Benini, L.; De Micheli, G. (January 2002).
869:computer architectures become more common.
4226:
4212:
2290:
2283:
2269:
2067:
2060:
2046:
1966:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1925:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1326:Globally asynchronous, locally synchronous
1245:â named wireless network on chip (WiNoC).
1234:Research has been conducted on integrated
922:globally asynchronous, locally synchronous
669:
655:
4233:
1382:NoC"). Other sources may pronounce it as
924:electronics architectures, allowing each
1938:(2nd ed.). San Rafael, California.
1150:
1546:"Networks on chips: a new SoC paradigm"
4524:
2025:Jean-Jacques Lecler, Gilles Baillieu,
1981:IET Computers & Digital Techniques
1739:IET Computers & Digital Techniques
792:schematizing various functions of the
4207:
2264:
2041:
1618:
3252:Floating-point operations per second
1682:
939:
876:
1146:
13:
1832:
1826:The original text can be found at
1579:
1450:Guerrier, P.; Greiner, A. (2000).
1111:. Therefore, as the complexity of
975:NoC architectures typically model
14:
4588:
4304:Hardware random number generation
2004:
838:. Networks-on-chip come in many
4178:Semiconductor device fabrication
1384:
1351:
1248:
1190:This may indicate that for many
1065:to accrue on the circuit. (See
943:
935:
880:
737:
694:
43:
4153:History of general-purpose CPUs
2380:Nondeterministic Turing machine
1790:
1779:from the original on 2017-12-25
1707:
1696:from the original on 2015-09-23
1568:from the original on 2022-10-22
1480:from the original on 2022-10-22
2333:Deterministic finite automaton
1897:(1st ed.). New York, NY.
1671:
1652:
1637:
1619:Staff, E. D. N. (2023-07-26).
1612:
1537:
1491:
1443:
1343:
1:
3124:Simultaneous and heterogenous
2029:doi:10.1007/s10617-011-9075-5
1678:On-Chip Networks Bibliography
1436:
1257:
990:of interconnection wires and
4537:Electronic design automation
3808:Integrated memory controller
3790:Translation lookaside buffer
2989:Memory dependence prediction
2432:Random-access stored program
2385:Probabilistic Turing machine
1310:Electronic design automation
1267:Interconnect processing unit
872:
804:. The network on chip is a
7:
3264:Synaptic updates per second
1298:
1091:Parallelism and scalability
1014:
997:
857:of systems-on-chip and the
836:communication architectures
776:"), most typically between
10:
4593:
3668:Heterogeneous architecture
2590:Orthogonal instruction set
2360:Alternating Turing machine
2348:Quantum cellular automaton
1285:synchronization primitives
1223:, in May 2007. The second
1131:, or segmented buses with
1011:and performance achieved.
4459:
4406:
4356:
4299:Digital signal processing
4269:
4241:
4158:Microprocessor chronology
4145:
4121:Dynamic frequency scaling
4094:
4030:
3968:
3922:
3874:
3829:
3749:
3676:
3645:
3550:
3471:
3435:
3389:
3289:
3276:Cache performance metrics
3215:
3149:
3099:
3010:
3001:
2974:
2929:
2896:
2868:
2859:
2679:
2582:
2571:
2442:
2298:
2194:
2165:
2130:
2076:
2011:DATE 2006 workshop on NoC
1993:10.1049/iet-cdt.2011.0066
1751:10.1049/iet-cdt.2011.0066
1316:Integrated circuit design
1103:is achieved, because all
1063:resistance and inductance
1057:. This also allows more
796:, and are designed to be
522:Exponential random (ERGM)
189:Informational (computing)
4251:Universal Turing machine
4173:Hardware security module
3516:Digital signal processor
3493:Graphics processing unit
3305:Graphics processing unit
2224:Digital signal processor
2101:Graphics processing unit
1464:10.1109/DATE.2000.840047
1336:
1031:viewpoint. It requires
766:communications subsystem
209:Scientific collaboration
4309:Artificial intelligence
4126:Dynamic voltage scaling
3909:Memory address register
3803:Branch target predictor
3767:Address generation unit
3510:Physics processing unit
3299:Central processing unit
3258:Transactions per second
3246:Instructions per second
3169:Array processing (SIMT)
2313:Stored-program computer
1378:corresponding to NoC ("
1155:WiNoC in the 3D-chiplet
638:Category:Network theory
158:Preferential attachment
4572:Communication circuits
4331:Custom hardware attack
3932:Hardwired control unit
3814:Memory management unit
3779:Memory management unit
3528:Secure cryptoprocessor
3522:Tensor Processing Unit
3504:Vision processing unit
3238:Cycles per instruction
3232:Instructions per cycle
3179:Associative processing
2870:Instruction pipelining
2292:Processor technologies
1529:: CS1 maint: others (
1213:contractual guarantees
1156:
1025:dense network topology
527:Random geometric (RGG)
4552:Hardware acceleration
4261:Distributed computing
4235:Hardware acceleration
4015:Sum-addressed decoder
3761:Arithmetic logic unit
2888:Classic RISC pipeline
2842:Epiphany architecture
2689:Motorola 68000 series
2240:List of SoC suppliers
1814:'s column in the ACM
1167:, end-to-end delays,
1154:
1059:parasitic capacitance
920:logic. NoCs support
914:clock domain crossing
643:Category:Graph theory
4364:High-level synthesis
4136:Performance per watt
3714:replacement policies
3380:Package on a package
3270:Performance per watt
3174:Pipelined processing
2944:Tomasulo's algorithm
2749:Clipper architecture
2605:Application-specific
2318:Finite-state machine
2185:Package on a package
1999:on December 9, 2018.
1757:on December 9, 2018.
1331:Network architecture
1229:Newcastle University
1221:Princeton University
980:small-world networks
812:network between SoC
4562:Computer networking
4542:Integrated circuits
4489:Digital electronics
4441:In-memory computing
4421:Transport triggered
4168:Digital electronics
3821:Instruction decoder
3773:Floating-point unit
3427:Soft microprocessor
3374:System in a package
2949:Reservation station
2479:Transport-triggered
2179:System in a package
1425:and therefore use "
1205:chip multiprocessor
984:scale-free networks
916:, or use unclocked
863:emerging technology
821:computer networking
447:Degree distribution
98:Community structure
4567:Parallel computing
4499:Hardware emulation
4467:Programmable logic
4256:Parallel computing
4040:Integrated circuit
3884:Processor register
3538:Baseband processor
2883:Operand forwarding
2343:Cellular automaton
2144:Multiprocessor SoC
1720:2019-07-17 at the
1664:2008-09-01 at the
1376:indefinite article
1236:optical waveguides
1201:quality of service
1161:quality of service
1157:
1113:integrated systems
1099:. A high level of
955:. You can help by
892:. You can help by
840:network topologies
770:integrated circuit
631:Network scientists
557:Soft configuration
4532:Network on a chip
4519:
4518:
4396:Network on a chip
4201:
4200:
4090:
4089:
3709:Instruction cache
3699:Scratchpad memory
3546:
3545:
3533:Network processor
3462:Network on a chip
3417:Ultra-low-voltage
3368:Multi-chip module
3211:
3210:
2997:
2996:
2984:Branch prediction
2961:Register renaming
2855:
2854:
2837:VISC architecture
2659:Quantum computing
2654:VISC architecture
2536:Secondary storage
2452:Microarchitecture
2412:Register machines
2258:
2257:
2173:Multi-chip module
2138:Network on a chip
1945:978-1-62705-996-1
1904:978-1-4614-4301-8
1877:978-0-12-801178-2
1850:978-1-4665-6527-2
1812:Avinoam Kolodny's
1802:978-1-4200-4471-3
1597:978-1-4665-6527-2
1473:978-0-7695-0537-4
1141:large parallelism
1051:power dissipation
1009:network bandwidth
988:power consumption
973:
972:
910:
909:
683:network on a chip
679:
678:
599:
598:
507:BianconiâBarabĂĄsi
401:
400:
219:Artificial neural
194:Telecommunication
4584:
4547:System on a chip
4511:Embedded systems
4391:System on a chip
4228:
4221:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4163:Processor design
4055:Power management
3937:Instruction unit
3798:Branch predictor
3747:
3746:
3445:System on a chip
3387:
3386:
3227:Transistor count
3151:Flynn's taxonomy
3008:
3007:
2866:
2865:
2669:Addressing modes
2580:
2579:
2526:Memory hierarchy
2390:Hypercomputation
2308:Abstract machine
2285:
2278:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2245:Mobile computing
2230:Embedded systems
2150:Programmable SoC
2069:System on a chip
2062:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2000:
1995:. Archived from
1971:
1965:
1957:
1936:On-chip Networks
1930:
1924:
1916:
1889:
1862:
1804:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1753:. Archived from
1730:
1724:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1562:10.1109/2.976921
1541:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1447:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1347:
1147:Current research
1087:-based systems.
1040:area of the chip
968:
965:
947:
940:
905:
902:
884:
877:
859:power efficiency
847:packet switching
810:packet switching
800:in the sense of
782:system on a chip
754:
753:
750:
749:
746:
743:
732:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
671:
664:
657:
542:Stochastic block
532:Hyperbolic (HGN)
481:
480:
344:
333:
265:
264:
173:Social influence
47:
19:
18:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4506:Logic synthesis
4455:
4402:
4357:Implementations
4352:
4265:
4237:
4232:
4202:
4197:
4183:Tickâtock model
4141:
4097:
4086:
4026:
4010:Address decoder
3964:
3918:
3914:Program counter
3889:Status register
3870:
3825:
3785:Loadâstore unit
3752:
3745:
3672:
3641:
3542:
3499:Image processor
3474:
3467:
3437:
3431:
3407:Microcontroller
3397:Embedded system
3385:
3285:
3218:
3207:
3145:
3095:
2993:
2970:
2954:Re-order buffer
2925:
2906:Data dependency
2892:
2851:
2681:
2675:
2574:
2573:Instruction set
2567:
2553:Multiprocessing
2521:Cache hierarchy
2514:Register/memory
2438:
2338:Queue automaton
2294:
2289:
2259:
2254:
2190:
2161:
2156:Microcontroller
2126:
2112:Media processor
2107:Image processor
2072:
2066:
2007:
1959:
1958:
1946:
1918:
1917:
1905:
1878:
1851:
1835:
1833:Further reading
1825:
1808:
1807:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1731:
1727:
1722:Wayback Machine
1712:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1672:
1666:Wayback Machine
1657:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1613:
1598:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1542:
1538:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1420:
1387:
1383:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1301:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1209:cloud computing
1149:
1093:
1029:physical design
1017:
1000:
969:
963:
960:
953:needs expansion
938:
906:
900:
897:
890:needs expansion
875:
802:network science
794:computer system
740:
736:
730:
697:
693:
687:network-on-chip
675:
613:
578:Boolean network
552:Maximum entropy
502:BarabĂĄsiâAlbert
419:
336:
325:
113:Controllability
78:Complex network
65:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
32:Network science
17:
12:
11:
5:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Network theory
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4494:Virtualization
4491:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4446:Systolic array
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4328:
4326:Machine vision
4323:
4322:
4321:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4188:Pin grid array
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4022:Barrel shifter
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4005:Binary decoder
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Stack register
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3757:
3755:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:AI accelerator
3485:
3479:
3477:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3454:
3451:Multiprocessor
3448:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3402:Microprocessor
3399:
3393:
3391:
3390:By application
3384:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3333:Tile processor
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3119:Hyperthreading
3111:
3105:
3103:
3101:Multithreading
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3014:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2878:Pipeline stall
2874:
2872:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2827:z/Architecture
2824:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
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2734:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2531:Virtual memory
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2355:Turing machine
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2250:Unified memory
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:AI accelerator
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2084:Microprocessor
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2005:External links
2003:
2002:
2001:
1972:
1944:
1931:
1903:
1890:
1876:
1863:
1849:
1834:
1831:
1806:
1805:
1789:
1773:www.ece.ust.hk
1760:
1725:
1706:
1681:
1670:
1651:
1636:
1611:
1596:
1578:
1536:
1507:
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1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1281:system-on-chip
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1196:hardware logic
1148:
1145:
1092:
1089:
1021:point-to-point
1016:
1013:
999:
996:
992:point-to-point
971:
970:
950:
948:
937:
934:
926:processor core
908:
907:
887:
885:
874:
871:
677:
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517:WattsâStrogatz
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338:Incidence list
334:
327:Adjacency list
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
296:Data structure
293:
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278:
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261:
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224:Interdependent
221:
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211:
206:
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196:
191:
183:
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178:
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176:
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168:Network effect
165:
163:Balance theory
160:
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123:Social capital
120:
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4465:
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4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Heterogeneous
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4408:Architectures
4405:
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4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
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4029:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Demultiplexer
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3948:
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3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Memory buffer
3902:
3900:
3899:Register file
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
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3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
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3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Combinational
3837:
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3828:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
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3809:
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3423:
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3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
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3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
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3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
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3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Scoreboarding
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2921:False sharing
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
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2800:
2797:
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2777:
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2767:
2765:
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2760:
2757:
2755:
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2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Stanford MIPS
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
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2670:
2667:
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2640:
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2628:
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2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:architectures
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Heterogeneous
2541:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2494:Memory access
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Random-access
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Stack machine
2405:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
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2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:with datapath
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
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2279:
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2248:
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2241:
2238:
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2228:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2213:
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2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:Adapted from
1803:
1799:
1793:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:"NoC traffic"
1764:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1532:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1508:1-58113-297-2
1504:
1500:
1494:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1414:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1255:
1249:Side benefits
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1006:
995:
994:connections.
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:
967:
958:
954:
951:This section
949:
946:
942:
941:
936:Architectures
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
904:
895:
891:
888:This section
886:
883:
879:
878:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
834:
830:
826:
825:communication
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:
752:
734:
733:
724:
692:
688:
684:
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
652:
650:
649:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
616:
609:
606:
605:
603:
602:
593:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
574:
573:
569:
568:
563:
562:LFR Benchmark
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:Blockmodeling
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
512:Fitness model
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
487:
483:
482:
479:
478:
474:
473:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:Assortativity
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
424:
423:
422:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
405:
404:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
354:
350:
349:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
271:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
255:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
186:
185:
184:
181:Network types
180:
179:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
128:Link analysis
126:
124:
121:
119:
118:Graph drawing
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:
62:
59:
58:
56:
55:
46:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4451:Neuromorphic
4395:
4314:Cryptography
4270:Applications
4193:Chip carrier
4131:Clock gating
4050:Mixed-signal
3947:Write buffer
3924:Control unit
3736:Clock signal
3475:accelerators
3461:
3457:Cypress PSoC
3114:Simultaneous
2931:Out-of-order
2563:Neuromorphic
2444:Architecture
2402:Belt machine
2395:Zeno machine
2328:Hierarchical
2166:Alternatives
2137:
2026:
1997:the original
1984:
1980:
1935:
1894:
1867:
1840:
1819:e-newsletter
1809:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1772:
1763:
1755:the original
1742:
1738:
1728:
1709:
1698:. Retrieved
1684:
1673:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:
1614:
1587:
1581:
1570:. Retrieved
1556:(1): 70â78.
1553:
1549:
1539:
1498:
1493:
1482:. Retrieved
1455:
1445:
1426:
1379:
1345:
1287:and provide
1270:
1261:
1252:
1240:
1233:
1217:
1207:in a public
1189:
1158:
1109:data packets
1094:
1071:
1055:clock cycles
1018:
1001:
974:
964:October 2018
961:
957:adding to it
952:
930:clock domain
918:asynchronous
911:
901:October 2018
898:
894:adding to it
889:
844:
818:
690:
686:
682:
680:
537:Hierarchical
492:Random graph
340: /
329: /
311:Neighborhood
248:
153:Transitivity
133:Optimization
3978:Multiplexer
3942:Data buffer
3653:Single-core
3625:bit slicing
3483:Coprocessor
3338:Coprocessor
3219:performance
3141:Cooperative
3131:Speculative
3091:Distributed
3050:Superscalar
3035:Instruction
3003:Parallelism
2976:Speculative
2808:System/3x0
2680:Instruction
2457:Von Neumann
2370:PostâTuring
2094:controllers
1823:Igor Markov
1648:. May 2014.
1121:scalability
1101:parallelism
1083:-based and
1067:Rent's rule
982:(SWNs) and
855:scalability
823:to on-chip
583:agent based
497:ErdĆsâRĂ©nyi
138:Reciprocity
103:Percolation
88:Small-world
4577:Modularity
4526:Categories
4482:chronology
4343:Networking
4098:management
3993:Multiplier
3854:Logic gate
3844:Sequential
3751:Functional
3731:Clock rate
3704:Data cache
3677:Components
3658:Multi-core
3646:Core count
3136:Preemptive
3040:Pipelining
3023:Bit-serial
2966:Wide-issue
2911:Structural
2833:Tilera ISA
2799:MicroBlaze
2769:ETRAX CRIS
2664:Comparison
2509:Loadâstore
2489:Endianness
2207:chronology
2077:Components
1783:2018-10-08
1700:2015-07-02
1630:2023-11-17
1572:2022-11-23
1484:2022-11-23
1437:References
1258:Benchmarks
1165:throughput
1137:algorithms
1117:throughput
1105:data links
610:Categories
467:Efficiency
462:Modularity
442:Clustering
427:Centrality
415:Algorithms
239:Dependency
214:Biological
93:Scale-free
4472:Processor
4426:Multicore
4032:Circuitry
3952:Microcode
3876:Registers
3719:coherence
3694:CPU cache
3552:Word size
3217:Processor
2861:Execution
2764:DEC Alpha
2742:Power ISA
2558:Cognitive
2365:Universal
2202:Processor
1987:: 30â48.
1962:cite book
1954:991871622
1921:cite book
1913:890132032
1886:894609116
1859:895661009
1745:: 30â48.
1659:NoCS 2007
1606:895661009
1525:cite book
1517:326240184
1289:low-level
1192:real-time
1173:deadlines
1127:, shared
1044:nanometer
1042:, and in
1036:quadratic
873:Structure
867:multicore
774:microchip
359:Bipartite
281:Component
199:Transport
148:Homophily
108:Evolution
83:Contagion
4431:Manycore
4416:Dataflow
4369:C to HDL
3970:Datapath
3663:Manycore
3635:variable
3473:Hardware
3109:Temporal
2789:OpenRISC
2484:Cellular
2474:Dataflow
2467:modified
1777:Archived
1718:Archived
1694:Archived
1668:website.
1662:Archived
1566:Archived
1550:Computer
1478:Archived
1299:See also
1277:software
1273:hardware
1243:chiplets
1169:fairness
1085:crossbar
1077:locality
1073:Sparsity
1015:Benefits
998:Topology
833:crossbar
790:IP cores
626:Software
588:Epidemic
570:Dynamics
484:Topology
457:Distance
394:Weighted
369:Directed
364:Complete
268:Features
229:Semantic
24:a series
22:Part of
4460:Related
4287:DirectX
4146:Related
4077:Quantum
4067:Digital
4062:Boolean
3960:Counter
3859:Quantum
3620:512-bit
3615:256-bit
3610:128-bit
3453:(MPSoC)
3438:on chip
3436:Systems
3254:(FLOPS)
3067:Process
2916:Control
2898:Hazards
2784:Itanium
2779:Unicore
2737:PowerPC
2462:Harvard
2422:Pointer
2417:Counter
2375:Quantum
2195:Related
2146:(MPSoC)
1305:Arteris
1181:RTLinux
1177:VxWorks
1135:). The
1133:bridges
1097:signals
1005:latency
814:modules
808:-based
798:modular
778:modules
764:-based
762:network
760:) is a
410:Metrics
379:Labeled
249:on-Chip
234:Spatial
143:Closure
4477:design
4336:scrypt
4243:Theory
4082:Switch
4072:Analog
3810:(IMC)
3781:(MMU)
3630:others
3605:64-bit
3600:48-bit
3595:32-bit
3590:24-bit
3585:16-bit
3580:15-bit
3575:12-bit
3412:Mobile
3328:Stream
3323:Barrel
3318:Vector
3307:(GPU)
3266:(SUPS)
3234:(IPC)
3086:Memory
3079:Vector
3062:Thread
3045:Scalar
2847:Others
2794:RISC-V
2759:SuperH
2728:Power
2724:MIPS-X
2699:PDP-11
2548:Fabric
2300:Models
2212:design
2152:(PSoC)
1952:
1942:
1911:
1901:
1884:
1874:
1857:
1847:
1800:
1604:
1594:
1515:
1505:
1470:
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