Neuro-linguistic programming

1085:, pp. 13–14: "There are three characteristics of effective patterning in NLP which sharply distinguish it from behavioural science as it is commonly practiced today. First, for a pattern or generalization regarding human communication to be acceptable or well–formed in NLP, it must include in the description the human agents who are initiating and responding to the pattern being described, their actions, their possible responses. Secondly, the description of the pattern must be represented in sensory grounded terms which are available to the user. This user–oriented constraint on NLP ensures usefulness. We have been continually struck by the tremendous gap between theory and practice in the behavioural sciences—this requirement closes that gap. Notice that since patterns must be represented in sensory grounded terms, available through practice to the user, a pattern will typically have multiple representation—each tailored for the differing sensory capabilities of individual users Thirdly, NLP includes within its descriptive vocabulary terms which are not directly observable ." 3911: 1097:, p. 36: "The basic elements from which the patterns of human behaviour are formed are the perceptual systems through which the members of the species operate on their environment: vision (sight), audition (hearing), kinesthesis (body sensations) and olfaction/gustation (smell/taste). The neurolinguistic programming model presupposes that all of the distinctions we as human beings are able to make concerning our environment (internal and external) and our behaviour can be usefully represented in terms of these systems. These perceptual classes constitute the structural parameters of human knowledge. We postulate that all of our ongoing experience can usefully be coded as consisting of some combination of these sensory classes." 636:

desired state and any resources that may be required to bridge the gap. The client is typically encouraged to consider the consequences of the desired outcome, and how they may affect his or her personal or professional life and relationships, taking into account any positive intentions of any problems that may arise. The practitioner thereafter assists the client in achieving the desired outcomes by using certain tools and techniques to change internal representations and responses to stimuli in the world. Finally, the practitioner helps the client to mentally rehearse and integrate the changes into his or her life. For example, the client may be asked to envision what it is like having already achieved the outcome.

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to success. Briers contends that adherence to the maxim leads to self-deprecation. According to Briers, personal endeavour is a product of invested values and aspirations and the dismissal of personally significant failure as mere feedback effectively denigrates what one values. Briers writes, "Sometimes we need to accept and mourn the death of our dreams, not just casually dismiss them as inconsequential." Briers also contends that the NLP maxim is narcissistic, self-centered and divorced from notions of moral responsibility.

3971: 3983: 606: 5329: 838:. Aupers, Houtman, and Bovbjerg identify NLP as a New Age "psycho-religion". Bovbjerg argues that New Age movements center on a transcendent "other". While monotheistic religions seek communion with a divine being, this focus shifts inward in these movements, with the "other" becoming the unconscious self. Bovbjerg posits that this emphasis on the unconscious and its hidden potential underlies NLP techniques promoting self-perfection through ongoing transformation. 297:. Scientific reviews have shown that NLP is based on outdated metaphors of the brain's inner workings that are inconsistent with current neurological theory, and that NLP contains numerous factual errors. Reviews also found that research that favored NLP contained significant methodological flaws, and that there were three times as many studies of a much higher quality that failed to reproduce the claims made by Bandler, Grinder, and other NLP practitioners. 1041:, p. 307: "As I have mentioned in the last chapter, any references made to left and right brain functions in relation to hypnotic phenomena must be considered as poorly founded. They do not add to our understanding of nor our ability to utilize hypnotic phenomena in the style of Erickson. Indeed, references such as Bandler and Grinder make to these functions give their subject matter a false appearance of having a more scientific status than it has." 506:, i.e. the adoption of a new paradigm. In developing NLP, Bandler and Grinder were not responding to a paradigmatic crisis in psychology nor did they produce any data that caused a paradigmatic crisis in psychology. There is no sense in which Bandler and Grinder caused or participated in a paradigm shift. "What did Grinder and Bandler do that makes it impossible to continue doing psychology ... without accepting their ideas? Nothing," argues Carroll. 2930:, Elich et al 1985; Mercier & Johnson 1984) had shown promise at the beginning of the decade, but after several years of conflicting and confusing results, Sharpley (1984, 1987) reviewed the research and concluded that there was little support for the assumptions of NLP. This research is now clearly on the decline, underscoring the value of thoughtful reviews and the publication of nonsupportive results in guiding empirical efforts. 5355: 5343: 920:

registered his cat with the British Board of Neuro Linguistic Programming (BBNLP), demonstrating the organization's lax credentialing. Critics like Karen Stollznow find irony in the initial legal battles between Bandler and Grinder, considering their failure to apply their own NLP principles to resolve their conflict. Others, such as Grant Devilly, characterize NLP associations as "

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specifying generalizations, and recovering deleted information in the client's statements, the transformational grammar concept of surface structure yields a more complete representation of the underlying deep structure and therefore has therapeutic benefit. Also derived from Satir were anchoring, future pacing and representational systems.

1109:, p. 7: "NLP presents specific tools which can be applied effectively in any human interaction. It offers specific techniques by which a practitioner may usefully organize and re–organize his or her subjective experience or the experiences of a client in order to define and subsequently secure any behavioural outcome." 706:

NLP appears to be the first in a long line of mass marketing seminars that purport to virtually cure any mental disorder ... it appears that NLP has no empirical or scientific support as to the underlying tenets of its theory or clinical effectiveness. What remains is a mass-marketed serving of psychopablum."

793:, and that the name "neuro-linguistic programming" uses jargon words to impress readers and obfuscate ideas, whereas NLP itself does not relate any phenomena to neural structures and has nothing in common with linguistics or programming. In education, NLP has been used as a key example of pseudoscience. 816:; that is to say, a practice with symbolic efficacy—as opposed to physical efficacy—that is able to effect change through nonspecific effects (e.g., placebo). To Langford, NLP is akin to a syncretic folk religion "that attempts to wed the magic of folk practice to the science of professional medicine". 875:

Bandler commenced further civil actions against Unlimited Ltd., various figures within the NLP community, and 200 initially unnamed defendants in July 1996 and January 1997. Bandler alleged violations of the initial settlement terms by Grinder and sought damages of no less than US$ 10,000,000.00 from

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writes, "NLP is not really a cohesive therapy but a ragbag of different techniques without a particularly clear theoretical basis ... evidence base is virtually non-existent." Eisner writes, "NLP appears to be a superficial and gimmicky approach to dealing with mental health problems. Unfortunately,

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According to one study by Steinbach, a classic interaction in NLP can be understood in terms of several major stages including establishing rapport, gleaning information about a problem mental state and desired goals, using specific tools and techniques to make interventions, and integrating proposed

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seminars at Esalen. Satir was an early leader and Bateson was a guest teacher. Bandler and Grinder have said that in addition to being a therapeutic method, NLP was also a study of communication and began marketing it as a business tool, writing that, "if any human being can do anything, so can you."

1012:, p. vii: "In single sessions, they can accelerate learning, neutralize phobias, enhance creativity, improve relationships, eliminate allergies, and lead firewalks without roasting toes. NLP achieves the goal of its inception. We have ways to do what only a genius could have done a decade ago." 737:

as three examples of unambiguous acknowledged personal failure that served as an impetus to great success. According to Briers, it was "the crash-and-burn type of failure, not the sanitised NLP Failure Lite, i.e. the failure-that-isn't really-failure sort of failure" that propelled these individuals

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Finally, NLP uses a method of learning called "modeling", designed to replicate expertise in any field. According to Bandler and Grinder, by analyzing the sequence of sensory and linguistic representations used by an expert while performing a skill, it's possible to create a mental model that can be

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Bandler and Grinder assert that behavior (both our own and others') can be understood through these sensory-based internal representations. Behavior here includes verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as effective or adaptive behaviors and less helpful or "pathological" ones. They also assert

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This lack of centralized control means there's no single standard for NLP practice or training. Practitioners can market their own methodologies, leading to inconsistencies within the field. This has been a source of criticism, highlighted by an incident in 2009 where a British television presenter

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seeking injunctive relief and damages arising from Grinder's NLP-related commercial activities; the Court issued a judgment in Bandler's favor on October 29, 1981. The subsequent settlement agreement granted Grinder a 10-year license to conduct NLP seminars, offer NLP certification, and utilize the

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and their other books boast that NLP is a cure-all that treats a broad range of physical and mental conditions and learning difficulties, including epilepsy, myopia and dyslexia. With its promises to cure schizophrenia, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and its dismissal of psychiatric

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André Muller Weitzenhoffer—a friend and peer of Milton Erickson—wrote, "Has NLP really abstracted and explicated the essence of successful therapy and provided everyone with the means to be another Whittaker, Virginia Satir, or Erickson? ... failure to do this is evident because today there is no

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and motivational speaking programmes. Bandler led several unsuccessful efforts to exclude other parties from using NLP. Meanwhile, the rising number of practitioners and theorists led NLP to become even less uniform than it was at its foundation. Prior to the decline of NLP, scientific researchers

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Tosey P. & Mathison, J., "Fabulous Creatures of HRD: A Critical Natural History of Neuro-Linguistic Programming", University of Surrey Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Human Resource Development Research & Practice across Europe, Oxford Brookes Business School, 26–28

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In 1979, Richard Bandler and John Grinder established the Society of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) to manage commercial applications of NLP, including training, materials, and certification. The founding agreement conferred exclusive rights to profit from NLP training and certification upon

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According to Stollznow, "NLP also involves fringe discourse analysis and 'practical' guidelines for 'improved' communication. For example, one text asserts 'when you adopt the "but" word, people will remember what you said afterwards. With the "and" word, people remember what you said before and

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Once rapport is established, the practitioner may gather information about the client's present state as well as help the client define a desired state or goal for the interaction. The practitioner pays attention to the verbal and non-verbal responses as the client defines the present state and

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of their experiences. These representations involve the five senses and language. In other words, our conscious experiences take the form of sights, sounds, feelings, smells, and tastes. When we imagine something, recall an event, or think about the future, we utilize these same sensory systems

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Bandler and Grinder say that they used their own process of modeling to model Virginia Satir so they could produce what they termed the Meta-Model, a model for gathering information and challenging a client's language and underlying thinking. They say that by challenging linguistic distortions,

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Bandler and Grinder say that their methodology can codify the structure inherent to the therapeutic "magic" as performed in therapy by Perls, Satir and Erickson, and indeed inherent to any complex human activity. From that codification, they say, the structure and its activity can be learned by

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All of this leaves me with an overwhelming impression that the analyzed base of scientific articles is treated just as theater decoration, being the background for the pseudoscientific farce which NLP appears to be. Using "scientific" attributes, which is so characteristic of pseudoscience, is

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The designations "NLP" and "Neuro-linguistic Programming" are not owned, trademarked, or subject to centralized regulation. Consequently, there are no restrictions on individuals self-identifying as "NLP Master Practitioners" or "NLP Master Trainers." This decentralization has led to numerous

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multitude of their equals, not even another Whittaker, Virginia Satir, or Erickson. Ten years should have been sufficient time for this to happen. In this light, I cannot take NLP seriously ... contributions to our understanding and use of Ericksonian techniques are equally dubious.

458:. For example, I believe it was very useful that neither one of us were qualified in the field we first went after—psychology and in particular, its therapeutic application; this being one of the conditions which Kuhn identified in his historical study of paradigm shifts. 1028:

to explain what some of the problems are in Bandler and Grinder's linguistic approach to Ericksonian hypnotism. Almost any other linguistic concept used by these authors could have served equally well for the purpose of showing some of the inherent weaknesses in their

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have failed to show evidence for NLP's assumptions or effectiveness as a therapeutic method. While some NLP practitioners have argued that the lack of empirical support is due to insufficient research which tests NLP, the consensus scientific opinion is that NLP is

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changes into the client's life. The entire process is guided by the non-verbal responses of the client. The first is the act of establishing and maintaining rapport between the practitioner and the client which is achieved through pacing and leading the verbal (

379:. Other than Satir, the people they cite as influences did not collaborate with Bandler or Grinder. Chomsky himself has no association with NLP, with his work being theoretical in nature and having no therapeutic element. Stollznow writes, "ther than borrowing 673:

Early books about NLP had a psychotherapeutic focus given that the early models were psychotherapists. As an approach to psychotherapy, NLP shares similar core assumptions and foundations in common with some contemporary brief and systemic practices, such as

2172: 1073:, p. 306: One of the most striking features of the Bandler/Grinder interpretation is that it somehow ignores the issue of the existence and function of suggestion, which even in Erickson's own writings and those done with Rossi, is a central idea." 247:. NLP asserts that there is a connection between neurological processes, language and acquired behavioral patterns, and that these can be changed to achieve specific goals in life. According to Bandler and Grinder, NLP can treat problems such as 3863: 766:, and attracted some interest in counseling research and clinical psychology. However, as controlled trials failed to show any benefit from NLP and its advocates made increasingly dubious claims, scientific interest in NLP faded. 879:

In February 2000, the Court ruled against Bandler. The judgment asserted that Bandler had misrepresented his exclusive ownership of NLP intellectual property and sole authority over Society of NLP membership and certification.

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which sold more than 270,000 copies. According to court documents relating to an intellectual property dispute between Bandler and Grinder, Bandler made more than $ 800,000 in 1980 from workshop and book sales.

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My memories about what we thought at the time of discovery (with respect to the classic code we developed—that is, the years 1973 through 1978) are that we were quite explicit that we were out to overthrow a

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The notion of hemisphericity is also incorporated into such cult activities as Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP).... In any event, NLP is a movement that is still going strong, but has little scientific

1270:. In 2010, Norcross and colleagues listed it as seventh out of their list of ten most discredited drug and alcohol interventions. Glasner-Edwards and colleagues also identified it as discredited in 2010. 1486:

As NLP became more popular, some research was conducted and reviews of such research have concluded that there is no scientific basis for its theories about representational systems and eye movements.

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Bandler and Grinder reached a settlement in late 2000, acknowledging their status as co-creators and co-founders of NLP and committing to refrain from disparaging one another's NLP-related endeavors.

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The two main therapeutic uses of NLP are, firstly, as an adjunct by therapists practicing in other therapeutic disciplines and, secondly, as a specific therapy called Neurolinguistic Psychotherapy.

556:, with research indicating a lack of empirical support for NLP's essential theories. The 1990s were characterized by fewer scientific studies evaluating the methods of NLP than the previous decade. 830:

Some theorists characterize NLP as a type of "psycho-shamanism", and its focus on modeling has been compared to ritual practices in certain syncretic religions. The emphasis on lineage from an NLP

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volitionally and Kuhn does not suggest otherwise; (b) Kuhn's text does not contain the idea that being unqualified in a field of science is a prerequisite to producing a result that necessitates a

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and that attempts to dismiss the research findings based on these arguments "s an admission that NLP does not have an evidence base and that NLP practitioners are seeking a post-hoc credibility."

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Surveys in the academic community have shown NLP to be widely discredited among scientists. Among the reasons for considering NLP a pseudoscience are that evidence in favor of it is limited to

413:), create a scientific façade by needlessly complicating Ericksonian concepts with unfounded claims, make factual errors, and disregard or confuse concepts central to the Ericksonian approach. 2200: 1121:, pp. 77–80: "Strategies and representations which typically occur below an individual's level of awareness make up what is often called or referred to as the 'unconscious mind'." 543:

A community of psychotherapists and students began to form around Bandler and Grinder's initial works, leading to the growth and spread of NLP as a theory and practice. For example,

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can be divided into conscious and unconscious components. The part of our internal representations operating outside our direct awareness is referred to as the "unconscious mind".

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Norcross, John C.; Koocher, Gerald P.; Fala, Natalie C.; Wexler, Harry K. (1 September 2010). "What Does Not Work? Expert Consensus on Discredited Treatments in the Addictions".

1000:, p. 166, said that a single session of NLP combined with hypnosis could eliminate certain eyesight problems such as myopia and cure the common cold (op.cit., pp. 169, 174). 3522: 697:

illnesses as psychosomatic, NLP shares similarities with Scientology and the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR)." A systematic review of experimental studies by Sturt

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Although the original core techniques of NLP were therapeutic in orientation their generic nature enabled them to be applied to other fields. These applications include

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More recently, Bandler has stated, "NLP is based on finding out what works and formalizing it. In order to formalize patterns I utilized everything from linguistics to

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Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Lohr, Jeffrey M.; Morier, Dean (1 July 2001). "The Teaching of Courses in the Science and Pseudoscience of Psychology: Useful Resources".

3135:"Exploring inner landscapes through psychophenomenology: The contribution of neuro-linguistic programming to innovations in researching first person experience" 209: 4666:"Personal Development under Market Conditions: NLP and the Emergence of an Ethics of Sensitivity Based on the Idea of the Hidden Potential of the Individual" 1802:

Bradley, E. Jane; Biedermann, Heinz-Joachim (1 January 1985). "Bandler and Grinder's neurolinguistic programming: Its historical context and contribution".

5551: 678:. NLP has also been acknowledged as having influenced these practices with its reframing techniques which seeks to achieve behavior change by shifting its 360:

In contrast, the Milton-Model—a model of the purportedly hypnotic language of Milton Erickson—was described by Bandler and Grinder as "artfully vague" and

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in NLP jargon—"there is no failure, only feedback". Briers argues that the denial of the existence of failure diminishes its instructive value. He offers

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is that so much of it is built upon untested hypotheses and is supported by totally inadequate data." Weitzenhoffer adds that Bandler and Grinder misuse

863: 4069: 4022: 953: 432:." There is no mention of the mathematics of holography nor of holography in general in Spitzer's, or Grinder's account of the development of NLP. 845:. He argues that NLP's emphasis on self-transformation and internal power conflicts with the Christian belief in salvation through divine grace. 1568:

manifested also in other aspects of NLP activities... My analysis leads undeniably to the statement that NLP represents pseudoscientific rubbish

364:. The Milton-Model is used in combination with the Meta-Model as a softener, to induce "trance" and to deliver indirect therapeutic suggestion. 4324: 4038: 750:, sales, negotiation, management training, sports, teaching, coaching, team building, public speaking, and in the process of hiring employees. 665:. People who use NLP as a form of treatment risk serious adverse health consequences as it can delay the provision of effective medical care. 5387: 5347: 313:, plus a set of techniques that they derived from its initial applications. They derived many of the fundamental techniques from the work of 1503:

Sharpley, Christopher F. (1 January 1987). "Research findings on neurolinguistic programming: Nonsupportive data or an untestable theory?".

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Norcross, John C.; Koocher, Gerald P.; Garofalo, Ariele (1 January 2006). "Discredited psychological treatments and tests: A Delphi poll".

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within our minds Furthermore it is stated that these subjective representations of experience have a discernible structure, a pattern.

202: 5070:. Vol. 2: Applications of Traditional an Semi-Traditional Hypnotism. Non-Traditional Hypnotism. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 3033:

Einspruch, Eric L.; Forman, Bruce D. (1 January 1985). "Observations concerning research literature on neuro-linguistic programming".

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Dowlen, Ashley (1 January 1996). "NLP – help or hype? Investigating the uses of neuro-linguistic programming in management learning".

3465:"Chapter 8 Right-Brain Training: Some Reflections on the Application of Research on Cerebral Hemispheric Specialization to Education" 1441:

von Bergen, C. W.; Gary, Barlow Soper; Rosenthal, T.; Wilkinson, Lamar V. (1997). "Selected alternative training techniques in HRD".

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For more information on the use of neuroscience terms to lend the appearance of credibility to arguments, see Weisburg et al., 2008

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John Grinder, Suzette Elgin (1973). "A Guide to Transformational Grammar: History, Theory, Practice." Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

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Bandler's corporate entity, Not Ltd. Around November 1980, Bandler and Grinder had ceased collaboration for undisclosed reasons.

600: 450: 275:, often in a single session. They also say that NLP can model the skills of exceptional people, allowing anyone to acquire them. 85: 4272: 4243: 3107: 560:

attributes this to a declining interest in the debate as the result of a lack of empirical support for NLP from its proponents.

827:. Concepts like "double induction" and "stopping the world", central to NLP modeling, were incorporated from these influences. 701:(2012) concluded that "there is little evidence that NLP interventions improve health-related outcomes." In his review of NLP, 580:

that behavior in both the self and other people can be modified by manipulating these sense-based subjective representations.

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paradigm shifts and such a text is not possible—extraordinary discovery is not a formulaic procedure. Carroll explains that a

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Sharpley, Christopher F. (1984). "Predicate matching in NLP: a review of research on the preferred representational system".

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and that, for example, I, for one, found it very useful to plan this campaign using in part as a guide the excellent work of

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Field, E. S. (1990). "Neurolinguistic programming as an adjunct to other psychotherapeutic/hypnotherapeutic interventions".

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Pesut, Daniel J. (1 January 1991). "The art, science, and techniques of reframing in psychiatric mental health nursing".

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Davies, Dominic (Ed); Neal, Charles (Ed). (pp. 73–90). Buckingham, England: Open University Press (2000) xviii, 187 pp.

2003: 1245:

For a description of the social influence tactics used by NLP and similar pseudoscientific therapies, see Devilly, 2005

4567:. Vol. I: The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience (Limited ed.). California: Meta Publications. 5380: 5278: 5152: 4528: 4505: 3265: 2853:

Devilly, Grant J. (1 June 2005). "Power Therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry".

2553: 2424: 2357: 2333: 1780: 535:, Bandler and Grinder gave up academic writing and started producing popular books from seminar transcripts, such as 2823: 888:

In December 1997, a separate civil proceeding initiated by Tony Clarkson resulted in the revocation of Bandler's UK

615:(1979). The six directions represent "visual construct", "visual recall", "auditory construct", "auditory recall", " 498:

is not a planned activity, rather it is an outcome of scientific effort within the dominant paradigm that produces

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are poorly written works that were an overambitious, pretentious effort to reduce hypnotism to a magic of words."

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Gelso, C. J.; Fassinger, R. E. (1 January 1990). "Counseling Psychology: Theory and Research on Interventions".

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Ingalls, Joan S. (1988) "Cognition and athletic behavior: An investigation of the NLP principle of congruence."

4082: 958: 675: 572: 90: 4108: 1310:. Centre for Management Learning & Development, School of Management, University of Surrey. Archived from 518:

had developed into an industry and provided a market for some NLP ideas. At the center of this growth was the

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Weitzenhoffer, André Muller (1989). "Chapter 8: Ericksonian Hypnotism: The Bandler/Grinder Interpretation".

1603: 391: 5573: 5373: 3007: 2581: 3326: 2046: 1267: 1194: 907:. No single party holds exclusive rights, and there are no restrictions on offering NLP certifications. 20: 2381:

Beyebach, M.; Rodríguez Morejón, A. (1999). "Some thoughts on integration in solution-focused therapy".

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Due to these disputes and settlements, the terms 'NLP' and 'Neuro-Linguistic Programming' remain in the

5450: 4211:"This page contains the ruling in the case of Richard Bandler against many others in the NLP community" 3061: 4477:

Bandler, Richard; Grinder, John (1981). "Appendix II: Hypnotic Language Patterns: The Milton-Model".

3396: 1053:, p. 306: "This work , incidentally, contains some glaring misstatements of facts. For example, 862:

On September 25, 1981, Bandler filed suit against Grinder's corporate entity, Unlimited Ltd., in the

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NLP can be understood in terms of three broad components: subjectivity, consciousness, and learning.

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Richard W Bandler et al v. Quantum Leap Inc. et al (Super. Ct. Santa Cruz County, 2000, No. 132495)

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Kerry, S. (2009) Pretreatment expectations of psychotherapy clients, University of Alberta (Canada)

1255: 806: 515: 383:, NLP does not bear authentic resemblance to any of Chomsky's theories or philosophies—linguistic, 342: 243: 40: 1902:

Mercer, Jean (2015). "Controversial Therapies". In Cautin, Robin L.; Lilienfeld, Scott O. (eds.).

2321: 1742: 1675: 1348: 1259: 662: 394:, a researcher in the field of hypnosis, "the major weakness of Bandler and Grinder's linguistic 4952: 3474: 3468: 2325: 2313: 5588: 5290:

Not Pulling Strings: Application of Neuro-Linguistic Programming to Teaching and Learning Music

5232: 4436: 4415: 3660:"Evidence-based practices in addiction treatment: Review and recommendations for public policy" 3391: 3256: 1849: 1311: 948: 938: 654: 532: 454:) in which he detailed some of the conditions which historically have obtained in the midst of 283: 4634: 3953: 3893: 3439: 2608: 5583: 3937: 3873: 3292: 2970: 1737: 841:

Bovbjerg's secular critique echoes the conservative Christian perspective, as exemplified by

632:, matching and mirroring non-verbal behavior, or responding to eye movements) of the client. 256: 3431: 2427: 2407:

Bill O'Connell (2005) Solution-focused therapy (Brief therapy series). Sage; Second Edition

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Neurolinguistic programming, focused on such variables as sensory mode preference and use (

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Druckman, Daniel (1 November 2004). "Be All That You Can Be: Enhancing Human Performance".

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Sociologists and anthropologists have categorized NLP as a quasi-religion belonging to the

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Live Your Dreams, Let Reality Catch Up: NLP and Common Sense for Coaches, Managers and You

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Brilliant Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: How to use CBT to improve your mind and your life

429: 8: 5396: 2038: 1670: 523: 474:. Carroll replies: (a) individual scientists never have nor are they ever able to create 463: 290: 2909: 2318:

American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies

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The NLP Professional: Create a More Professional, Effective and Successful NLP Business

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Steinbach, A. (1984). "Neurolinguistic programming: a systematic approach to change".

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Roderique-Davies, G. (2009). "Neuro-linguistic programming: Cargo cult psychology?".

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According to Bandler and Grinder, people experience the world subjectively, creating

353:, is intended to be a codification of the therapeutic techniques of Perls and Satir. 326: 272: 153: 5002:"Neurolinguistic programming: a systematic review of the effects on health outcomes" 3675: 3644: 3601: 3062:"Limited evidence that neurolinguistic programming improves health-related outcomes" 3006:

Heap, M. (1988). "Hypnosis: Current clinical, experimental and forensic practices".

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An "eye accessing cue chart" as it appears as an example in Bandler & Grinder's

5307:

Platt, Garry (2001). "NLP – Neuro Linguistic Programming or No Longer Plausible?".

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Bradbury, A. (2008). "Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Time for an Informed Review".

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Windy Dryden (2007) Dryden's handbook of individual therapy. 5th edition. Sage.

420:... The models that constitute NLP are all formal models based on mathematical, 5140: 4984: 4938:"Why they say no: Foundational precises and techniques for managing resistance" 4665: 3593: 3046: 2955: 1516: 1025: 943: 842: 702: 455: 410: 314: 279: 4262: 4149: 4018:

Not Ltd v. Unlimited Ltd et al (Super. Ct. Santa Cruz County, 1981, No. 78482)

3517: 3153: 2789: 2452: 2394: 1561: 1544: 1422: 1358: 924:"—a term implying a lack of unifying principles or a shared sense of purpose. 785:

and personal testimony that it is not informed by scientific understanding of

5567: 5481: 5471: 5425: 5094: 4689: 4656: 4479:

Trance-formations: Neuro-linguistic Programming and the Structure of Hypnosis

4233: 3821:

Weisberg, D. S.; Keil, F. C.; Goodstein, J.; Rawson, E.; Gray, J. R. (2008).

3737: 3723: 3558: 3293:"Introduction: The myth of 10% and other Tall Tales about the mind and brain" 2011: 1823: 1755: 970: 933: 904: 775: 770: 759: 686:, for example, by finding the positive connotation of a thought or behavior. 653:

NLP has been promoted as being able to treat a variety of diseases including

584: 294: 230: 143: 4919: 4902: 3838: 1454: 721:

Clinical psychologist Stephen Briers questions the value of the NLP maxim—a

502:

that cannot be adequately accounted for within the current paradigm—hence a

229:) is a pseudoscientific approach to communication, personal development and 5501: 5466: 5440: 5430: 5410: 5035: 4635:"Religions of Modernity: Relocating the Sacred to the Self and the Digital" 3856: 3693: 3636: 3251: 3085: 3077: 2874: 2546:

Therapeutic perspectives on working with lesbian, gay and bisexual clients.

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Corballis, M.C. (1999). "Are we in our right minds?". In S.D. Sala (ed.).

3579: 2917: 2752: 2531: 2460: 1254:

In 2006, Norcross and colleagues found NLP to be given similar ratings as

547:

trained with Grinder and utilized a few ideas from NLP as part of his own

371:

writes that Chomsky's theories "appear to be irrelevant" to NLP. Linguist

5496: 5486: 4561:

Dilts, Robert; Grinder, John; Bandler, Richard; DeLozier, Judith (1980).

4498:

Reframing: Neuro-Linguistic Programming and the Transformation of Meaning

4379: 3185:

Beyerstein, B. L. (1990). "Brainscams: Neuromythologies of the New Age".

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Tye, Marcus J.C. (1994). "Neurolinguistic programming: Magic or myth?".

2649:

Encyclopedia of Systemic Neuro-Linguistic Programming and NLP New Coding

2133: 2010:. Interviewed by Chris Collingwood and Jules Collingwood. Archived from 4806:

The Sourcebook of Magic: A Comprehensive Guide to the Technology of NLP

1373:

We can reliably get rid of a phobia in ten minutes – every single time.

1329: 813: 763: 747: 417: 5365: 5145:

Changing with Families: A Book about Further Education for Being Human

4928: 3381: 2776:

Yemm, Graham (1 January 2006). "Can NLP help or harm your business?".

2189:, pp. 39–40, #2 Pacing Or Matching Another's Model of the World; 1968: 293:

supporting the claims made by NLP advocates, and it has been called a

56: 5236: 4747:

A Brief Guide to Beliefs: Ideas, Theologies, Mysteries, and Movements

3767:(Repr. ed.). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. p. 41. 2544:

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1815: 889: 820: 812:

Medical anthropologist Jean M. Langford categorizes NLP as a form of

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Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy

4112: 2155:

Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson: Volume 2

2042: 658: 441: 395: 361: 3765:

Mind Myths: Exploring Popular Assumptions About the Mind and Brain

3223:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 225–26. 2982: 870: 758:

In the early 1980s, NLP was advertised as an important advance in

5506: 5491: 5415: 5354: 3741: 3298:

Tall Tales About the Mind and Brain: Separating Fact from Fiction

802: 406: 264: 3016: 2977:. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. pp. 138–149. 2652:(1st ed.). Santa Cruz: NLP University Press. p. 1002. 1940: 1440: 5342: 4039:"Summary of the Legal Proceedings January 1997 – June 23, 2003" 2307: 2305: 2303: 1058: 531:

After 150 students paid $ 1,000 each for a ten-day workshop in

375:

describes Bandler's and Grinder's reference to such experts as

248: 4456:

Bandler, Richard; Grinder, John (1979). Andreas, Steve (ed.).

4068: (Super. Ct. Santa Cruz County 10 February 2000), 3657: 1638: 1636: 1634: 4884:

Invasion of Other Gods: The Seduction of New Age Spirituality

4787:

Theory and Practice of NLP Coaching: A Psychological Approach

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Enhancing Human Performance: Issues, Theories, and Techniques

2691:

Psychobabble: Exploding the myths of the self-help generation

2121: 1871: 1054: 466:

responded that Grinder has not understood Kuhn's text on the

435:

On the matter of the development of NLP, Grinder recollects:

421: 3658:

Glasner-Edwards, Suzette; Rawson, Richard (1 October 2010).

3470:

Brain Lateralization in Children: Developmental Implications

2627: 2300: 2286:"The NLP swish pattern: An innovative visualizing technique" 2283: 1928: 1390: 628:, sensory predicates and keywords) and non-verbal behavior ( 4560: 4417:

The Structure of Magic I: A Book about Language and Therapy

3820: 2284:

Masters, B.; Rawlins, M.; Rawlins, L.; Weidner, J. (1991).

2214: 2193:, pp. 89–93, #23 The Change Personal History Pattern; 2139: 1631: 1619: 1335: 1118: 1106: 1094: 1082: 831: 351:

The Structure of Magic I: A Book about Language and Therapy

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1883: 402:

and mathematics, redefine or misunderstand terms from the

5179:. Alresford, United Kingdom: Management Pocketbooks Ltd. 5122:

The Rainbow Machine: Tales from a Neurolinguist's Journal

4383: 4279:. United States Patent and Trademark Office. 13 June 2013 4250:. United States Patent and Trademark Office. 13 June 2013 3032: 2380: 2004:"1996 Interview with John Grinder PhD, co-creator of NLP" 4441:(1st ed.). California: Science and Behavior Books. 3499: 3497: 3277:(Eds.) Lilienfeld, S., Lynn, S., & Lohr, J. (2004). 2467: 2265: 1787:, Vol. 58, No. 5/6 (September–October 1974), pp. 282–283 1474:. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 56–57, 165–167. 692:

According to Stollznow, "Bandler and Grinder's infamous

5047:

The Concise Guide to Today's Religions and Spirituality

4848:(1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4751:(1st ed.). Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. 4604: 4155: 3921: 3489:

NLP began in 1975 and has quickly achieved cult status.

3467:. In Molfese, Dennis L.; Segalowitz, Sidney J. (eds.). 2739:

Zastrow, C. (1990). "Social Workers and Salesworkers".

2693:(1st ed.). Santa Cruz: Pearson Education Limited. 2218: 1989: 1705:

Neurolinguistic psychotherapy: a postmodern perspective

1613: 1384: 4590:(1st ed.). California: Grinder & Associates. 3015:. London: Croom Helm. pp. 268–280. Archived from 2926:, Graunke & Roberts 1985) and predicate matching ( 2104:

Sham: How the Self-Help Movement Made America Helpless

854:

Founding, initial disputes, and settlement (1979–1981)

282:

as well as by companies that run seminars marketed as

3998: 3899: 3494: 5552:

The Truth: An Uncomfortable Book About Relationships

4768:

Mysteries and Secrets of Voodoo, Santeria, and Obeah

3142:

Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management

2563: 2561: 563: 305:

According to Bandler and Grinder, NLP consists of a

5051:(1st ed.). Oregon: Harvest House Pubslishers. 4215:

NLP Archives – Frequently Asked Questions about NLP

4185:

NLP Archives – Frequently Asked Questions about NLP

3823:"The Seductive Allure of Neuroscience Explanations" 2716:

Persuasion: Social Influence and Compliance Gaining

2158:(1st ed.). Meta Publications. pp. 11–19. 1804:

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training

509: 5237:"Skeptoid #155: NLP: Neuro-linguistic Programming" 5098: 5044: 4865:Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction 4846:The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements 4765: 4744: 4583: 4539: 3949: 3473:(1st ed.). New York: Guilford Press. p. 3377: 3375: 3352:Scientific Thinking in Speech and Language Therapy 3180: 3178: 1904:The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, Volume II 867:NLP name, subject to royalty payments to Bandler. 864:Superior Court of California, County of Santa Cruz 834:has also been likened to similar concepts in some 4161: 3959: 3279:Science and Pseudo-science in Clinical Psychology 2558: 2311: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 1961:"NLP Seminars Group – Frequently Asked Questions" 1801: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1471:Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice 1436: 1434: 1432: 914: 594: 5565: 4459:Frogs into Princes: Neuro Linguistic Programming 3503: 3429: 3219:. 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(1999). 4495: 4476: 4455: 4434: 4413: 3582:Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 2895: 2824:"Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) explained" 2489: 2259: 2224: 2210: 2206: 2182: 2178: 2151: 2127: 1889: 1877: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1648: 1642: 1625: 1609: 1523: 1429: 1396: 997: 883: 5381: 5213:Dilts, R.; Hallbom, Tim; Smith, Suzi (1990). 5065: 4971:Maag, John W. (2000). "Managing resistance". 4639:International Studies in Religion and Society 4632: 4033: 4031: 3977: 3257:Crazy Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work? 3132: 2968: 2962: 2687:"MYTH 16: There is no failure, only feedback" 2645: 2633: 2371: 2066: 1946: 1934: 1573: 1491: 1468:Thyer, Bruce A.; Pignotti, Monica G. (2015). 1467: 1070: 1050: 1038: 1021: 892:of NLP. The Court ruled in Clarkson's favor. 203: 5215:Beliefs: Pathways to Health & Well-being 5000:Sturt, Jackie; et al. (November 2012). 4770:(1st ed.). New Jersey: New Page Books. 3705: 3703: 3425: 3423: 2841: 2026: 1838: 1790: 552:began testing its theoretical underpinnings 182:Association for Neuro Linguistic Programming 4135:"Case details for trade mark UK00002067188" 3345: 3343: 3108:"Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Research" 2067:Hadnagy, Christopher; Wilson, Paul (2010). 1722: 1204:Corballis, in Della Sala and Anderson, 2012 819:Bandler and Grinder were influenced by the 661:and cancer. Such claims have no supporting 5388: 5374: 4803: 4633:Aupers, Stef; Houtman, Dick, eds. (2010). 4028: 3742:"u voor neuro-linguistische programmering" 3290: 3184: 2713: 2194: 2190: 2186: 1305:"Introducing Neuro-Linguistic Programming" 210: 196: 16:Pseudoscientific approach to psychotherapy 5025: 4918: 4808:. Wales: Crown House Publishing Limited. 4515:Bandler, Richard (1985). Andreas, Steve; 3846: 3762: 3700: 3683: 3420: 3395: 3211: 2512:The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 1665: 1560: 1542: 1387:, Chapter 4: Personal Antecedents of NLP. 1302: 1172:Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Research 325:. Bandler and Grinder also drew upon the 4900: 4881: 4663: 4641:(1st ed.). Leiden: Brill: 115–132. 4605:Grinder, John; Bostic St. Clair (2001). 4582:Grinder, John; DeLozier, Judith (1987). 4496:Bandler, Richard; Grinder, John (1982). 4435:Bandler, Richard; Grinder, John (1976). 4414:Bandler, Richard; Grinder, John (1975). 4358:. Herts: Ecademy Press. pp. 46–50. 4004: 3992: 3905: 3434:Teaching Critical Thinking in Psychology 3340: 2941: 2646:Dilts, Robert; DeLozier, Judith (2000). 2350:Expectation: The Very Brief Therapy Book 2197:, pp. 93–95, #24 The Swish Pattern. 2152:Grinder, John; Bandler, Richard (1977). 1736:Clancy, Frank; Yorkshire, Heidi (1989). 1582: 1502: 604: 5395: 5254:. Ottawa, Canada: Trafford Publishing. 4784: 4742: 4707:Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements 4537: 4514: 4277:Trademark Status and Document Retrieval 4248:Trademark Status and Document Retrieval 3933: 3877: 2852: 2738: 2271: 2100: 2037: 2001: 1958: 1847: 1009: 753: 648: 601:Methods of neuro-linguistic programming 484:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 472:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 451:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 286:to businesses and government agencies. 5566: 5271:Righting the Educational Conveyor Belt 5101:NLP: the new technology of achievement 5042: 4823:Hall, L. Michael (20 September 2010). 4704: 4664:Bovbjerg, Kirsten Marie (1 May 2011). 3885: 3881: 3787: 3736: 3462: 3187:International Journal of Mental Health 3059: 2684: 2606: 2579: 2262:, pp. 8, 15, 24, 30, 45, 52, 149. 2221:, pp. 1, 10, 28, 34, 189, 227–28. 1906:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 759. 1901: 1408: 992: 990: 796: 5369: 4999: 4867:. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 4349: 3532: 3217:"Chapter 13 Educational double-think" 2804:Dissertation Abstracts International. 2567: 2509: 2438: 1850:"Virginia Satir & Origins of NLP" 4970: 4935: 4886:(1st ed.). W Publishing Group. 4862: 4825:"The lawsuit that almost killed NLP" 4822: 4352:"Three: Demonstrating Best Practice" 4325:"NLP Comprehensive Lawsuit Response" 4167: 3965: 3535:"NLP is not based on constructivism" 3260:Jossey Bass, pp. 167–95 (169). 3005: 2775: 2580:Briers, Stephen (27 December 2012). 2497: 2493: 2477: 2473: 2043:"Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)" 1783:. Reviewed by Frank H. Nuessel, Jr. 1701: 1585:Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1543:Witkowski, Tomasz (1 January 2010). 1443:Human Resource Development Quarterly 1234:Molfese, Segalowitz and Harris, 1988 668: 300: 5006:British Journal of General Practice 4901:Langford, Jean M. (February 1999). 4728:(1st ed.). London: Routledge. 4709:(1st ed.). London: Routledge. 4156:Grinder & Bostic St. Clair 2001 3922:Grinder & Bostic St. Clair 2001 3709: 3430:Dunn D, Halonen J, Smith R (2008). 3349: 2910:10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002035 2290:Journal of Mental Health Counseling 2219:Grinder & Bostic St. Clair 2001 1990:Grinder & Bostic St. Clair 2001 1614:Grinder & Bostic St. Clair 2001 1385:Grinder & Bostic St. Clair 2001 1024:, pp. 304–305: "I have chosen 987: 619:" and "auditory internal dialogue". 13: 5097:; Faulkner, Charles, eds. (1996). 5086: 4420:. Science and Behavior Books Inc. 4380:"Cat registered as hypnotherapist" 2778:Industrial and Commercial Training 2741:Journal of Independent Social Work 2312:Russell J; Rovere A, eds. (2009). 1597:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01975.x 1266:, scared straight programmes, and 1130:See, for instance, the following: 14: 5600: 5321: 4973:Intervention in School and Clinic 3827:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3321:William F. Williams, ed. (2000), 1228:Lilienfeld, Lohr and Morier, 2001 1061:were depicted as contemporaries!" 848: 564:Main components and core concepts 468:history and philosophy of science 5353: 5341: 5327: 5196:Changing Belief Systems with NLP 4670:Journal of Contemporary Religion 4372: 4343: 4317: 4291: 4203: 4173: 4127: 4101: 4075: 4057: 4010: 3814: 3781: 3756: 3730: 3651: 3608: 3133:Tosey, P.; Mathison, J. (2010). 3060:Murray, Laura L. (30 May 2013). 3035:Journal of Counseling Psychology 2944:Journal of Counseling Psychology 2867:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01601.x 1505:Journal of Counseling Psychology 1411:Career Development International 1273: 1248: 769:Numerous literature reviews and 510:Commercialization and evaluation 23:(also NLP). For other uses, see 3676:10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.05.013 3573: 3526: 3456: 3315: 3284: 3271: 3241: 3205: 3126: 3100: 3053: 3026: 2999: 2935: 2889: 2816: 2796: 2769: 2759: 2732: 2707: 2678: 2639: 2600: 2573: 2538: 2503: 2483: 2441:Issues in Mental Health Nursing 2432: 2413: 2401: 2362: 2342: 2277: 2145: 2094: 2060: 1995: 1983: 1952: 1895: 1769: 1695: 1671:"Not-so Linguistic Programming" 1461: 1239: 1216:Lilienfeld, Lynn and Lohr, 2004 1181: 1153: 1124: 1112: 1100: 1088: 1076: 1064: 1044: 1032: 1015: 643: 490:and not an instructive text on 430:equations underlying holography 5292:. London: Kahn & Averill. 5147:. Science and Behavior Books. 4705:Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2006). 4401: 4301:. 27 July 2001. Archived from 3950:Fanthorpe & Fanthorpe 2008 3463:Harris, Lauren Julius (1988). 3199:10.1080/00207411.1990.11449169 2524:10.1080/00029157.1990.10402822 2314:"Neuro-linguistic programming" 2213:, pp. 7, 9, 10, 36, 123; 1912:10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp515 1402: 1378: 1341: 1296: 1003: 959:Solution-focused brief therapy 915:Decentralization and criticism 676:solution focused brief therapy 595:Techniques or set of practices 1: 5538:The Pickup Artist (TV series) 5332:The dictionary definition of 4945:Focus on Exceptional Children 4521:Using Your Brain–for a Change 3617:Journal of Addiction Medicine 3533:Rowan, John (December 2008). 2383:Journal of Systemic Therapies 2073:. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 1549:Polish Psychological Bulletin 1363:(Promotional video). NLP Life 1303:Tosey, Paul; Mathison, Jane. 1285: 1231:Dunn, Halonen and Smith, 2008 741: 278:NLP has been adopted by some 5579:Neuro-linguistic programming 5421:Neuro-linguistic programming 5360:Neuro-linguistic programming 5348:Neuro-linguistic programming 5335:Neuro-linguistic programming 4682:10.1080/13537903.2011.573333 4564:Neuro-Linguistic Programming 3629:10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181c5f9db 3551:10.53841/bpstcp.2008.4.3.160 3066:Evidence-Based Mental Health 1290: 896:Resolution and legacy (2000) 223:Neuro-linguistic programming 35:Neuro-linguistic programming 7: 5477:Erik von Markovik (Mystery) 5105:. New York: HarperCollins. 4462:. Utah: Real People Press. 3918:Grinder & DeLozier 1987 3890:Hammer & Rothstein 2012 3870:Cresswell & Wilson 1999 3788:Drenth, Pieter J.D (2003). 3438:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 3406:10.1207/S15328023TOP2803_03 3327:Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 3291:Della Sala, Sergio (2007). 2898:Annual Review of Psychology 2002:Grinder, John (July 1996). 1785:The Modern Language Journal 1268:emotional freedom technique 927: 884:Trademark revocation (1997) 21:Natural language processing 10: 5605: 5451:Psychological manipulation 5217:. Crown House Publishing. 5139:Bandler, R.; Grinder, J.; 4985:10.1177/105345120003500301 3594:10.1037/0735-7028.37.5.515 3047:10.1037/0022-0167.32.4.589 2956:10.1037/0022-0167.31.2.238 2607:Eisner, Donald A. (2000). 2586:. Pearson UK. p. 15. 2490:Bandler & Grinder 1982 2352:. Crown House Publishing. 2260:Bandler & Grinder 1979 2211:Bandler & Grinder 1979 2207:Bandler & Grinder 1975 2183:Bandler & Grinder 1981 2179:Bandler & Grinder 1979 2128:Bandler & Grinder 1976 2107:. Crown Publishing Group. 1890:Bandler & Grinder 1981 1878:Bandler & Grinder 1982 1643:Bandler & Grinder 1975 1626:Bandler & Grinder 1979 1610:Bandler & Grinder 1975 1517:10.1037/0022-0167.34.1.103 1397:Bandler & Grinder 1975 1162:Einspruch and Forman, 1985 998:Bandler & Grinder 1982 823:described in the books of 598: 392:André Muller Weitzenhoffer 18: 5515: 5459: 5403: 5288:O'Connor, Joseph (2007). 5124:. UK: Real People Press. 5068:The Practice of Hypnotism 5043:Walker, James K. (2007). 4863:Hunt, Stephen J. (2003). 4609:. J & C Enterprises. 4538:Bandler, Richard (1993). 4438:The Structure of Magic II 3978:Aupers & Houtman 2010 3539:The Coaching Psychologist 3518:10.1108/17581184200900014 3154:10.1108/17465641011042035 2790:10.1108/00197850610645990 2453:10.3109/01612849109058206 2395:10.1521/jsyt.1999.18.1.24 2241:Canadian Family Physician 1959:Bandler, Richard (1997). 1616:, Chapter 2: Terminology. 1562:10.2478/v10059-010-0008-0 1423:10.1108/13620439610111408 1357:Bandler, Richard (2008). 996:Note that, in a seminar, 911:certifying associations. 807:Human Potential Movements 526:. Perls had led numerous 349:others. Their 1975 book, 233:, that first appeared in 53: 39: 34: 5545:Rules of the Game (book) 5250:Ellerton, Roger (2005). 2685:Briers, Stephen (2012). 2047:The Skeptic's Dictionary 1848:Spitzer, Robert (1992). 1256:dolphin-assisted therapy 1195:The Skeptic's Dictionary 1176:Tosey and Mathison, 2010 1136:Druckman and Swets, 1988 981: 573:internal representations 516:human potential movement 343:transformational grammar 244:The Structure of Magic I 91:Representational systems 19:Not to be confused with 5164:Skeptical Intelligencer 4920:10.1525/ae.1999.26.1.24 4785:Grimley, Bruce (2013). 4743:Edwards, Linda (2001). 3839:10.1162/jocn.2008.20040 2322:American Cancer Society 2101:Salerno, Steve (2006). 1455:10.1002/hrdq.3920080403 1260:equine-assisted therapy 1142:von Bergen et al., 1997 1133:Sharpley, 1984 and 1987 514:By the late 1970s, the 257:psychosomatic illnesses 5358:Quotations related to 5273:. Metamorphous Press. 5175:Burn, Gillian (2005). 4936:Maag, John W. (1999). 4607:Whispering in the Wind 3803:: 5–13. Archived from 3384:Teaching of Psychology 3078:10.1136/eb-2013-101355 2806:Vol 48(7-B), p. 2090. 2195:Hall & Belnap 2000 2191:Hall & Belnap 2000 2187:Hall & Belnap 2000 949:List of New Age topics 939:Family systems therapy 620: 533:Santa Cruz, California 486:is foremost a work of 482:in that field and (c) 460: 5198:. Meta Publications. 5018:10.3399/bjgp12X658287 4546:. Meta Publications. 4523:. Real People Press. 4500:. Real People Press. 4481:. Real People Press. 4350:Moxom, Karen (2011). 3281:. The Guilford Press. 3213:Corballis, Michael C. 2971:"8: Social Processes" 2753:10.1300/J283v04n03_02 2348:Rubin Battino (2002) 1857:Anchor Point Magazine 1708:. London: Routledge. 965:Notable practitioners 608: 599:Further information: 437: 428:and the mathematical 5524:The Art of Seduction 5502:Neil Strauss (Style) 5350:at Wikimedia Commons 5269:Grinder, M. (1991). 4907:American Ethnologist 4181:"3.5. Who Owns NLP?" 2666:on 21 September 2013 2041:(23 February 2009). 1738:"The Bandler Method" 754:Scientific criticism 649:Alternative medicine 5574:Seduction community 5397:Seduction community 5120:Austin, A. (2007). 4951:: 1. Archived from 4089:on 10 February 2001 3884:, pp. 440–41; 3797:Studia Psychologica 2217:, pp. 35, 78; 2185:, pp. 240–50; 1949:, pp. 300–301. 1702:Wake, Lisa (2008). 1187:See the following: 1159:See the following: 1107:Dilts et al. (1980) 1095:Dilts et al. (1980) 797:As a quasi-religion 655:Parkinson's disease 591:learned by others. 537:Frogs into Princes, 524:Big Sur, California 464:Robert Todd Carroll 424:principles such as 291:scientific evidence 284:leadership training 5194:Dilts, R. (1990). 3738:Levelt, Willem J.M 2828:IONOS Startupguide 2634:Weitzenhoffer 1989 2070:Social Engineering 1965:NLP Seminars Group 1947:Weitzenhoffer 1989 1935:Weitzenhoffer 1989 1168:Sturt et al., 2012 1071:Weitzenhoffer 1989 1051:Weitzenhoffer 1989 1039:Weitzenhoffer 1989 1022:Weitzenhoffer 1989 694:Frogs into Princes 621: 612:Frogs into Princes 426:predicate calculus 273:learning disorders 5561: 5560: 5446:Social psychology 5346:Media related to 5299:978-1-871082-90-6 5261:978-1-4120-4709-8 5224:978-1-84590-802-7 5205:978-0-916990-24-4 5186:978-1-903776-31-5 5131:978-0-911226-44-7 5112:978-0-688-14619-1 5077:978-0-471-62168-3 5058:978-0-7369-2011-7 4893:978-0-8499-3987-7 4874:978-0-7546-3410-2 4855:978-0-521-14565-7 4815:978-1-899836-22-2 4796:978-1-4462-0172-5 4777:978-1-55002-784-6 4758:978-0-664-22259-8 4735:978-0-415-20049-3 4716:978-0-203-48433-3 4648:978-90-04-18451-0 4626:Secondary sources 4616:978-0-9717223-0-9 4597:978-1-55552-022-9 4574:978-0-916990-07-7 4553:978-0-916990-28-2 4542:Time for a Change 4517:Andreas, Connirae 4488:978-0-911226-22-5 4469:978-0-911226-19-5 4448:978-0-8314-0049-1 4427:978-0-8314-0044-6 4386:. 12 October 2009 4365:978-1-907722-55-4 3774:978-0-471-98303-3 3726:. 2003-01157-001. 3484:978-0-89862-719-0 3449:978-1-4051-7402-2 3365:978-0-8058-4029-2 3335:978-1-57958-207-4 3308:978-0-19-856876-6 3230:978-0-19-960049-6 3193:(3): 27–36 (27). 3114:on 3 January 2019 2992:978-0-309-03792-1 2725:978-1-000-55677-3 2700:978-0-273-77239-2 2659:978-0-9701540-0-2 2620:978-0-275-96413-9 2593:978-0-273-77849-3 2274:, pp. 134–3. 2215:Dilts et al. 1980 2181:, pp. 5–78; 2165:978-1-55552-053-3 2140:Dilts et al. 1980 2114:978-1-4000-5410-7 2080:978-0-470-63953-5 1921:978-0-4706-7127-6 1715:978-0-415-42541-4 1591:(11): 2234–2260. 1481:978-0-8261-7769-8 1336:Dilts et al. 1980 1317:on 3 January 2019 1119:Dilts et al. 1980 1083:Dilts et al. 1980 836:Eastern religions 669:Psychotherapeutic 301:Early development 220: 219: 154:Fazal Inayat-Khan 64: 63: 5596: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5367: 5366: 5357: 5345: 5331: 5316: 5309:Training Journal 5303: 5284: 5265: 5246: 5228: 5209: 5190: 5171: 5158: 5135: 5116: 5104: 5081: 5062: 5050: 5039: 5029: 5012:(604): e757–64. 4996: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4958:on 17 April 2012 4957: 4942: 4932: 4922: 4897: 4878: 4859: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4827:. 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Archived from 4035: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3947: 3941: 3931: 3925: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3850: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3810:on 16 June 2011. 3809: 3794: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3687: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3501: 3492: 3491: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3437: 3427: 3418: 3417: 3399: 3397:10.1.1.1001.2558 3379: 3370: 3369: 3356:Psychology Press 3350:Lum, C. (2001). 3347: 3338: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3288: 3282: 3275: 3269: 3248:Singer, Margaret 3245: 3239: 3238: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3162: 3156:. Archived from 3139: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3110:. Archived from 3104: 3098: 3097: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3022:on 15 June 2007. 3021: 3014: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2850: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2820: 2814: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2662:. Archived from 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2556: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2507: 2501: 2487: 2481: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2436: 2430: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2378: 2369: 2366: 2360: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2320:(2nd ed.). 2309: 2298: 2297: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2237: 2222: 2204: 2198: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2035: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2014:on 28 April 2013 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1967:. Archived from 1956: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1854: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1816:10.1037/h0088527 1799: 1788: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1733: 1720: 1719: 1699: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1667:Stollznow, Karen 1663: 1646: 1640: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1580: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1540: 1521: 1520: 1500: 1489: 1488: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1438: 1427: 1426: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1316: 1309: 1300: 1280: 1277: 1271: 1252: 1246: 1243: 1237: 1219:Della Sala, 2007 1201:Beyerstein, 1990 1185: 1179: 1157: 1151: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1068: 1062: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1019: 1013: 1007: 1001: 994: 876:each defendant. 825:Carlos Castaneda 663:medical evidence 583:NLP posits that 558:Tomasz Witkowski 520:Esalen Institute 462:The philosopher 335:Alfred Korzybski 261:near-sightedness 212: 205: 198: 149:Charles Faulkner 139:Connirae Andreas 70:Neuro-linguistic 66: 65: 57:edit on Wikidata 49: 32: 31: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5511: 5455: 5436:Social dynamics 5399: 5394: 5324: 5319: 5306: 5300: 5287: 5281: 5268: 5262: 5249: 5235:(26 May 2009). 5231: 5225: 5212: 5206: 5193: 5187: 5174: 5161: 5155: 5138: 5132: 5119: 5113: 5093: 5089: 5087:Further reading 5084: 5078: 5059: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4940: 4894: 4875: 4856: 4834: 4832: 4831:on 27 June 2013 4816: 4797: 4778: 4759: 4736: 4717: 4649: 4623: 4617: 4598: 4575: 4554: 4531: 4508: 4489: 4470: 4449: 4428: 4407:Primary sources 4404: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4331:on 17 July 2019 4323: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4305:on 24 June 2013 4297: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4221:on 27 June 2013 4209: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4191:on 24 June 2013 4179: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4115:on 6 April 2001 4107: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4083:"NLP Matters 2" 4081: 4080: 4076: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4029: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3948: 3944: 3932: 3928: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3900: 3888:, p. 235; 3880:, p. 573; 3868: 3864: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3792: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3761: 3757: 3735: 3731: 3718:(3–4): 309–42. 3708: 3701: 3670:(2–3): 93–104. 3656: 3652: 3613: 3609: 3578: 3574: 3531: 3527: 3502: 3495: 3485: 3461: 3457: 3450: 3428: 3421: 3380: 3373: 3366: 3348: 3341: 3320: 3316: 3309: 3289: 3285: 3276: 3272: 3246: 3242: 3231: 3210: 3206: 3183: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3163:on 19 July 2018 3160: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3058: 3054: 3031: 3027: 3019: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2967: 2963: 2940: 2936: 2894: 2890: 2851: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2801: 2797: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2760: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2660: 2644: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2605: 2601: 2594: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2559: 2543: 2539: 2508: 2504: 2488: 2484: 2472: 2468: 2437: 2433: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2379: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2310: 2301: 2282: 2278: 2270: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2238: 2225: 2205: 2201: 2177: 2173: 2166: 2150: 2146: 2138: 2134: 2130:, pp. 3–8. 2126: 2122: 2115: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2065: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2036: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1971:on 22 June 2013 1957: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1922: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1800: 1791: 1774: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1734: 1723: 1716: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1664: 1649: 1641: 1632: 1624: 1620: 1608: 1604: 1581: 1574: 1541: 1524: 1501: 1492: 1482: 1466: 1462: 1439: 1430: 1407: 1403: 1399:, pp. 5–6. 1395: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1366: 1364: 1356: 1353:Wayback Machine 1346: 1342: 1334: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1307: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1264:psychosynthesis 1253: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1186: 1182: 1158: 1154: 1148:Witkowski, 2010 1129: 1125: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1081: 1077: 1069: 1065: 1049: 1045: 1037: 1033: 1020: 1016: 1008: 1004: 995: 988: 984: 930: 917: 898: 886: 873: 856: 851: 799: 756: 744: 671: 651: 646: 603: 597: 566: 528:Gestalt therapy 512: 476:paradigm shifts 456:paradigm shifts 387:or political." 373:Karen Stollznow 331:Gregory Bateson 319:Milton Erickson 303: 280:hypnotherapists 235:Richard Bandler 216: 187: 186: 177: 169: 168: 134: 126: 125: 116:Richard Bandler 111: 103: 102: 96:Covert hypnosis 81: 71: 60: 45: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5602: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5548: 5541: 5534: 5527: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5393: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5351: 5339: 5323: 5322:External links 5320: 5318: 5317: 5304: 5298: 5285: 5279: 5266: 5260: 5247: 5233:Dunning, Brian 5229: 5223: 5210: 5204: 5191: 5185: 5177:NLP Pocketbook 5172: 5159: 5153: 5136: 5130: 5117: 5111: 5095:Andreas, Steve 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5076: 5063: 5057: 5040: 4997: 4968: 4933: 4898: 4892: 4879: 4873: 4860: 4854: 4841: 4820: 4814: 4801: 4795: 4782: 4776: 4763: 4757: 4740: 4734: 4721: 4715: 4702: 4676:(2): 189–205. 4661: 4647: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4602: 4596: 4579: 4573: 4558: 4552: 4535: 4529: 4512: 4506: 4493: 4487: 4474: 4468: 4453: 4447: 4432: 4426: 4410: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4371: 4364: 4342: 4316: 4290: 4261: 4232: 4202: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4137:. 13 June 2013 4126: 4100: 4074: 4056: 4027: 4009: 3997: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3942: 3926: 3910: 3898: 3862: 3813: 3780: 3773: 3755: 3729: 3699: 3650: 3623:(3): 174–180. 3607: 3572: 3545:(3): 160–163. 3525: 3493: 3483: 3455: 3448: 3419: 3371: 3364: 3358:. p. 16. 3339: 3314: 3307: 3283: 3270: 3240: 3229: 3204: 3174: 3125: 3099: 3052: 3025: 2998: 2991: 2961: 2934: 2888: 2840: 2815: 2795: 2768: 2758: 2731: 2724: 2706: 2699: 2677: 2658: 2638: 2636:, p. 305. 2626: 2619: 2599: 2592: 2572: 2557: 2537: 2502: 2482: 2466: 2431: 2412: 2400: 2370: 2361: 2341: 2334: 2299: 2276: 2264: 2252: 2243:, 30, 147–50. 2223: 2199: 2171: 2164: 2144: 2132: 2120: 2113: 2093: 2079: 2059: 2039:Carroll, R. T. 2025: 1994: 1982: 1951: 1939: 1937:, p. 304. 1927: 1920: 1894: 1882: 1880:, p. 240. 1870: 1859:(July): ? 1837: 1789: 1768: 1721: 1714: 1694: 1647: 1630: 1618: 1602: 1572: 1522: 1511:(1): 103–107. 1490: 1480: 1460: 1449:(4): 281–294. 1428: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1340: 1328: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1272: 1247: 1238: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1222:Williams, 2000 1220: 1217: 1214: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1191: 1190:Witkowsi, 2010 1180: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1145:Druckman, 2004 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1123: 1111: 1099: 1087: 1075: 1063: 1043: 1031: 1026:nominalization 1014: 1002: 985: 983: 980: 979: 978: 973: 962: 961: 956: 951: 946: 944:Frank Farrelly 941: 936: 929: 926: 916: 913: 897: 894: 885: 882: 872: 869: 855: 852: 850: 849:Legal disputes 847: 843:David Jeremiah 798: 795: 755: 752: 743: 740: 723:presupposition 703:Stephen Briers 670: 667: 650: 647: 645: 642: 596: 593: 565: 562: 511: 508: 504:paradigm shift 496:paradigm shift 480:paradigm shift 411:nominalization 341:(particularly 315:Virginia Satir 302: 299: 251:, depression, 218: 217: 215: 214: 207: 200: 192: 189: 188: 185: 184: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 135: 132: 131: 128: 127: 124: 123: 118: 112: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 100: 99: 98: 93: 82: 79: 78: 75: 74: 62: 61: 54: 51: 50: 43: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5601: 5590: 5589:Pseudoscience 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5482:Tariq Nasheed 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5472:Ross Jeffries 5470: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5426:Pickup artist 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5361: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5344: 5340: 5338:at Wiktionary 5337: 5336: 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