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Dermal neurofibromas typically arise in the teenage years and are often associated with the onset of puberty. In people with neurofibromatosis type I, they tend to continue to increase in number and size throughout adulthood, although limits exist as to how big they get, and cases progress at highly
645:
A large plexiform neurofibroma in the leg of a 6-year-old male. The authors state: "Our case was operated, as both the cutaneous and deep branches of the peroneal nerve were involved causing pain and numbness in the leg, and because there was a possibility for malignant transformation, as growth in
437:
While nonmyelinating
Schwann cells are the origin of neurofibromas, the mutations that make them susceptible to this transformation occur in Schwann cell precursors during early nerve development. Mutated nonmyelinating Schwann cells do not form normal Remak bundles. Instead, they fail to properly
137:
Neurofibromas have been subdivided into two broad categories: dermal and plexiform. Dermal neurofibromas are associated with a single peripheral nerve, while plexiform neurofibromas are associated with multiple nerve bundles. According to the World Health
Organization classification system, dermal
685:
have been proposed as a novel treatment of neurofibromas. ACE inhibitors are currently used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure, to avert remodeling and reinfarction after myocardial infarction, and to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy and other renal diseases. ACE inhibitors work by
673:
can be used as treatment. However, radiation is generally not used as a treatment for plexiform neurofibromas because of concerns that this could actually promote malignant transformation. There has even been a documented case of a
Schwannoma being induced from a neurofibroma due to radiation
258:
248:
or from more internal nerve bundles, and can be very large (with mass in the tens of kilograms). Internal plexiform neurofibromas are very difficult to remove completely because they extend through multiple layers of tissue and the attempt would damage healthy tissue or organs.
129:, another type of tumor arising from Schwann cells, neurofibromas incorporate many additional types of cells and structural elements in addition to Schwann cells, making it difficult to identify and understand all the mechanisms through which they originate and develop.
370:, or GTPase-activating protein. GAP accelerates the conversion of the active GTP-bound RAS to its inactive GDP-bound form, inactivating RAS and reducing RAS-mediated growth signaling. Loss of RAS control leads to increased activity of other signaling pathways including
715:
which inhibits the Ras kinase in a post translational modification step before the kinase pathway becomes hyperactive. It successfully passed phase one clinical trials but was suspended (NCT00029354) in phase two after showing no improvement over controls.
547:
Dermal neurofibromas may be 2 to 20 mm in diameter, is soft, flaccid, and pinkish-white, and frequently this soft small tumor can be invaginated, as if through a ring in the skin by pressure with the finger, a maneuver called "button-holing".
1059:
Mautner VF, Friedrich RE, von
Deimling A, Hagel C, Korf B, Knöfel MT, et al. (September 2003). "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: MRI supports the diagnosis of malignant plexiform neurofibroma".
608:
Ostertag et al. said this about treatment by laser: "The cosmetic disfigurement is the most important issue in the decision to treat cutaneous symptoms of neurofibromatosis. Treating patients with extensive neurofibromas with
790:
gene represents the ultimate solution to preventing the cluster of maladies which are enabled by the mutation. As of 2006, therapy for NF1 tumors had not been tested due to the lack of an appropriate NF1 tumor model.
3926:
1102:
McCarron KF, Goldblum JR. Plexiform neurofibroma with and without associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 54 cases. Mod Pathol. 1998; 11:612–617.
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2338:
343:. This protein is 2818 amino acids long with 3 alternatively spiced exons, 9a, 23a, and 48a. The IRA domains are hypothesized to function as negative regulators of RAS, along with the GRD domain in between them.
438:
surround and segregate target axons. It is unknown at this time why, if both types of
Schwann cells exhibit bilallelic inactivation of the NF1 gene, only the nonmyelinating variety give rise to neurofibromas.
473:, which is cell growth beyond what is normally seen. However, despite increased numbers of nonmyelinating Schwann cells, there is no neurofibroma yet. In order for the neurofibroma to develop, cells that are
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laser is still the best choice. However, it is strongly advised that a test treatment be performed to judge the effectiveness of the procedure and whether the developed scar is an acceptable trade-off."
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Removal of plexiform neurofibromas is difficult because they can be large and cross tissue boundaries. However, besides pain, plexiform neurofibromas are sometimes removed due to the possibility of
2406:
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the mass was realized by the family members of the patient." The authors also note, "However, complete resection is quite difficult due to invasion of the tumor into the surrounding soft tissues."
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The many drug therapies under study for neurofibromas are in various stages of research; more time will be required to determine if these are viable options for the treatment of neurofibromas.
991:"Cardiac overload resolved by resection of a large plexiform neurofibroma on both the buttocks and upper posterior thighs in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I: a case report"
2469:
283:. Plexiform neurofibroma is a known precursor for MPNST in NF1 patients. The formation of malignant cancers from neurofibromas is associated with the loss of expression of the
4026:
390:. This increased activity of downstream RAS pathways might work together to increase cell growth and survival. Genes that code for proteins that regulate cell growth, such as
2297:
593:
Dermal neurofibromas are not usually surgically removed unless they are painful or disfiguring, because there are generally so many of them and they are not dangerous.
2462:
1382:
2033:"A Phase II Trial of Peginterferon Alpha-2b (Pegintron) for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Related Unresectable, Symptomatic or Life-Threatening Plexiform Neurofibromas"
1515:
Packer RJ, Gutmann DH, Rubenstein A, Viskochil D, Zimmerman RA, Vezina G, et al. (May 2002). "Plexiform neurofibromas in NF1: toward biologic-based therapy".
406:. Neurofibromin has other growth-regulatory properties besides its ability to regulate RAS activity, but these other functions are poorly understood at this time.
1550:
Cebesoy O, Tutar E, Isik M, Arpacioglu O (October 2007). "A case of isolated giant plexiform neurofibroma involving all branches of the common peroneal nerve".
366:
that is composed of 2,818 amino acids with three alternatively spliced exons (9a, 23a and 48a) in the encoding gene. The functional part of neurofibromin is a
2354:
458:(LOH) must occur before a neurofibroma can form; this is called the 'two-hit hypothesis'. This LOH happens by the same mechanisms, such as oxidative
1811:
3557:
2118:"Preclincial testing of sorafenib and RAD001 in the Nf(flox/flox) ;DhhCre mouse model of plexiform neurofibroma using magnetic resonance imaging"
142:
tumors. Plexiform neurofibroma are more difficult to treat and can transform into malignant tumors. Dermal neurofibroma do not become malignant.
2969:
426:, nonmyelinating Schwann cells encapsulate small diameter PNS axons with their cytoplasmic processes. Nonmyelinating Schwann cells are the
2054:
for "Sorafenib in
Treating Young Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Plexiform Neurofibromas That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery" at
572:
469:
Once a nonmyelinating
Schwann cell has suffered inactivation of its NF1 genes, it begins to proliferate rapidly. This condition is called
3889:
1865:
for "A Phase II Study of the mTOR Inhibitor
Sirolimus in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Related Plexiform Neurofibromas (Protocol 102)" at
477:
for the NF1 gene must be recruited to the site. It has been hypothesized that the proliferating nonmyelinating
Schwann cells secrete
1961:"Phase II Study of Gleevec/Imatinib Mesylate (STI-571, NSC 716051) in Neurofibromatosis (NF1) Patients with Plexiform Neurofibromas"
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2167:"Tranilast, an anti-allergic drug, down-regulates the growth of cultured neurofibroma cells derived from neurofibromatosis type 1"
4010:
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800:
493:. These chemicals promote the migration of different kinds of cells that are heterozygous for the NF1 gene into the hyperplastic
280:
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The following examples show that plexiform neurofibromas can form anywhere and can make surgical resection difficult:
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2069:"Sorafenib inhibits growth and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in malignant peripheral nerve sheath cells"
1210:"Inactivation of the NF1 gene in human melanoma and neuroblastoma cell lines without impaired regulation of GTP.Ras"
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that only express the inactive version of the NF1 gene, which leads to a complete loss of expression of functional
524:
Dermal and plexiform neurofibromas differ in later development stages, but the details are unclear at this point.
276:
Plexiform neurofibromas have the potential to cause severe clinical complications if they occur in certain areas.
1685:
Isler MH, Fogaça MF, Mankin HJ (April 1996). "Radiation induced malignant schwannoma arising in a neurofibroma".
3543:
3027:
2653:
835:
810:
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for "Tarceva/Rapamycin for
Children With Low-Grade Gliomas With or Without Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)" at
1780:
3691:
3220:
2911:
2748:
2036:
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Rubin JB, Gutmann DH (July 2005). "Neurofibromatosis type 1 - a model for nervous system tumour formation?".
712:
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1343:- "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
946:
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Note: Not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue, and not all nervous tissue tumors are in the brain (see
418:, myelinating and nonmyelinating. While myelinating Schwann cells cover large diameter (>1 micrometer)
3137:
2668:
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1818:
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95:. They can result in a range of symptoms from physical disfiguration and pain to cognitive disability.
89:
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1261:"Induction of abnormal proliferation by nonmyelinating schwann cells triggers neurofibroma formation"
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A 14-year-old girl with NF1 was diagnosed with a neurofibroma involving her bladder, a rare location.
419:
379:
367:
69:
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1898:"Nf1-dependent tumors require a microenvironment containing Nf1+/-- and c-kit-dependent bone marrow"
1642:
Meesa IR, Junewick JJ (August 2008). "Pelvic plexiform neurofibroma involving the urinary bladder".
1444:
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element in neurofibromas. This conglomeration of nonmyelinating Schwann cells and axons is called a
170:: Sessile or pedunculated masses on the skin, which are fleshy and non-tender, and can vary in size.
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1793:
1460:"Hypertrophic scars after therapy with CO2 laser for treatment of multiple cutaneous neurofibromas"
635:
216:
85:
40:
1945:"Gleevec Holds Potential As First Drug To Successfully Treat Neurofibromatosis, Scientists Report"
1041:
3566:
3520:
3215:
2934:
2906:
2536:
1944:
1781:"R115777 to Treat Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Progressive Plexiform Neurofibromas"
989:
Mikami T, Honma-Koretsune Y, Tsunoda Y, Kagimoto S, Yabuki Y, Maegawa J, et al. (May 2020).
978:. Honolulu, HI: Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine.
2032:
971:
4061:
3706:
3701:
3635:
3495:
3407:
2723:
2257:"Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications"
455:
403:
1847:
for "Sirolimus to Treat Plexiform Neurofibromas in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type I" at
1400:
Kolanczyk M, Mautner V, Kossler N, Nguyen R, KĂĽhnisch J, Zemojtel T, et al. (July 2011).
748:
Early research has shown potential for using the c-kit tyrosine kinase blocking properties of
4003:
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Wu J, Dombi E, Jousma E, Scott Dunn R, Lindquist D, Schnell BM, et al. (February 2012).
755:
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Plexiform neurofibroma can cause disfigurement, neurological, and other clinical deficits.
2067:
Ambrosini G, Cheema HS, Seelman S, Teed A, Sambol EB, Singer S, Schwartz GK (April 2008).
8:
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Rotili A, De Maria F, Di Venosa B, Ghioni M, Pizzamiglio M, Cassano E, Moratti M (2018).
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Plexiform neurofibromas occur earlier in life and are thought to be congenital defects.
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690:, which is a growth factor that has been shown to influence the development of tumors.
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that alter the developing tumor microenvironment and result in neurofibroma formation.
65:
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of neurofibroma: A spindle cell lesion composed of slender fibroblast-like cells with
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Dermal neurofibromas (sometimes referred to as cutaneous neurofibromas) originate in
122:
47:
2447:
1671:
1593:
Iino K, Matsumoto Y, Endo M, Kawakami K, Kasashima F, Sasaki H, Kawashima A (2006).
1579:
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is being studied for treatment of unresectable plexiform neurofibroma and low-grade
669:
Once a plexiform neurofibroma has undergone malignant transformation, radiation and
295:
gene in nonmyelinating Schwann cells that also exhibit biallelic inactivation of the
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1909:
1794:"Neurofibromatosis 1: Current Issues in Diagnosis, Therapy, and Patient Management"
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947:"Immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of schwannoma and neurofibroma"
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482:
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Dermal neurofibroma in a person whose lesions first appeared when he was a teenager
139:
92:
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2016:
1998:
1980:
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2165:
Yamamoto M, Yamauchi T, Okano K, Takahashi M, Watabe S, Yamamoto Y (March 2009).
1984:
for "Pegintron to Treat Plexiform Neurofibromas in Children and Young Adults" at
1967:
820:
787:
532:
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111:
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1007:
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898:"Tumorigenic properties of neurofibromin-deficient neurofibroma Schwann cells"
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Yang FC, Ingram DA, Chen S, Zhu Y, Yuan J, Li X, et al. (October 2008).
1344:
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Dermal neurofibromas can lead to stinging, itching, pain, and disfigurement.
115:
99:
1259:
Zheng H, Chang L, Patel N, Yang J, Lowe L, Burns DK, Zhu Y (February 2008).
1226:
711:(also known as drug R115777) inhibits the activation of RAS. This drug is a
3994:
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3445:
3017:
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2797:
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Namazi H (May 2008). "ACE inhibitors: a novel treatment for neurofibroma".
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176:: Lie below and look like bumps on the skin, which can sometimes be tender.
1706:
1402:"MIA is a potential biomarker for tumour load in neurofibromatosis type 1"
1245:
1148:
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126:
119:
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Ferner RE, O'Doherty MJ (December 2002). "Neurofibroma and schwannoma".
2330:
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As of 2002, the primary treatment option for plexiform neurofibroma was
600:
lasers have been used to remove dermal neurofibromas. In a paper titled
3998:
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created by the nonmyelinating Schwann cells. These cell types include
195:
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Plexiform neurofibroma of the head and neck, before and after removal
1178:
988:
896:
Muir D, Neubauer D, Lim IT, Yachnis AT, Wallace MR (February 2001).
186:, but otherwise resembling cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas.
3903:
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3002:
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2823:
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1208:
Johnson MR, Look AT, DeClue JE, Valentine MB, Lowy DR (June 1993).
772:
749:
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514:
427:
312:
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About 10% of plexiform neurofibromas undergo transformation into a
1383:"Rare genetic condition tracked down with potential new biomarker"
257:
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2992:
2979:
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for "R115777 in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors" at
1058:
628:
494:
490:
363:
359:. This gene codes for neurofibromin which is a large 220-250 KDa
232:
31:
1514:
339:
This picture illustrates the structure of the NF1 gene product,
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2921:
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2602:
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2342:
1386:
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signalling, is being studied to treat plexiform neurofibromas.
559:
423:
355:
spanning 350kb of genomic data, and maps to chromosomal region
335:
183:
103:
4027:
WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system
2164:
2587:
2208:"Emerging pharmacotherapies for neurodevelopmental disorders"
1399:
1299:
371:
352:
241:
156:
1817:. Denver: Mountain States Genetic Foundation. Archived from
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2506:
2347:
2254:
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383:
356:
291:
245:
160:
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1207:
16:
Benign nerve-sheath tumor in the peripheral nervous system
2255:
Gottfried ON, Viskochil DH, Couldwell WT (January 2010).
2002:
for "Study of PEG-Intron for Plexiform Neurofibromas" at
1592:
1457:
1359:
Andrews' diseases of the skin : clinical dermatology
398:
72:. In 90% of cases, they are found as stand-alone tumors (
2020:
for "Medical Treatment of "High-Risk" Neurofibromas" at
976:
Case Based Pediatrics For Medical Students and Residents
2298:"Angiogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches to NF1 Tumors"
2115:
1595:"Surgical treatment of a left ventricular neurofibroma"
606:
Laser for Treatment of Multiple Cutaneous Neurofibromas
1115:"Molecular genetics of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)"
895:
1458:
Ostertag JU, Theunissen CC, Neumann HA (March 2002).
867:
705:
growth. Studies showed no improvement over controls.
555:
may be used to detect the presence of neurofibromas.
2320:
441:
2417:
2300:. University of Florida Gainesville. Archived from
1258:
1112:
758:is being studied to treat plexiform neurofibromas.
2212:Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
1361:(10th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
489:factors such as the heparin-binding growth factor
3565:
2485:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
1895:
1684:
1356:
1039:
965:
963:
653:. The neurofibroma was removed and the patient's
114:. This protein is responsible for regulating the
84:), while the remainder are found in persons with
4053:
1812:"Current Therapies for Neurofibromatosis Type 1"
1113:Shen MH, Harper PS, Upadhyaya M (January 1996).
578:Neurofibroma marked for biopsy, right upper back
1302:"Solitary breast neurofibroma: imaging aspects"
1160:
1158:
454:. While one defective allele may be inherited,
261:Image of neurofibroma showing myxoid appearance
960:
891:
889:
741:with sirolimus was studied to treat low-grade
182:: Involving tissues and organs underneath the
3551:
2970:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
2470:
2205:
1799:. Denver: Mountain States Genetic Foundation.
1641:
98:Neurofibromas arise from nonmyelinating-type
2624:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
1713:
1635:
1543:
1451:
1252:
1164:
1155:
3890:Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes
2171:The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
1678:
1201:
1052:
969:
886:
868:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
617:
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1687:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
1552:Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
1345:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
1106:
1040:Kluwe L, Hagel C, Mautner V (April 2007).
863:
861:
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39:Neurofibroma of the skin in a person with
30:
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2182:
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1427:
1417:
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1235:
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1138:
1016:
1006:
921:
780:, inhibits growth of neurofibroma cells.
222:
2206:Wetmore DZ, Garner CC (September 2010).
602:Hypertrophic Scars After Therapy with CO
588:
531:
446:Neurofibromas arise from nonmyelinating
334:
256:
231:
207:
194:
4011:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
3935:Primary central nervous system lymphoma
3859:Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
1350:
858:
801:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
330:
281:malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
4054:
3277:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
1809:
1719:
944:
240:Plexiform neurofibromas can grow from
145:
3539:
2458:
1357:James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2006).
972:"Chapter XVIII.11. Neurofibromatosis"
2295:
1046:Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol
3697:Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
174:Discrete subcutaneous neurofibromas
13:
3102:
3059:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
752:to treat plexiform neurofibromas.
14:
4078:
2960:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
2316:
902:The American Journal of Pathology
442:Loss of tumor suppressor function
252:
163:. Three kinds are distinguished:
3885:Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
3069:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
2432:10.1097/00019052-200212000-00004
1699:10.1097/00003086-199604000-00031
1612:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2005.00135.x
1476:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01145.x
1443:
571:
409:
168:Discrete cutaneous neurofibromas
138:and plexiform neurofibromas are
110:gene that codes for the protein
4067:Dermal and subcutaneous growths
3079:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
2289:
2248:
2199:
2158:
2109:
2060:
2042:
2026:
2008:
1990:
1972:
1954:
1938:
1889:
1871:
1853:
1835:
1803:
1785:
1774:
1756:
1586:
1508:
1393:
1375:
1293:
190:
3979:Cranial and paraspinal nerves
3320:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
3028:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
2654:Infantile digital fibromatosis
1096:
1033:
982:
970:Yamashiroya VK (August 2002).
938:
836:Palisaded encapsulated neuroma
677:
543:and very low amount of stroma.
513:. The mast cells then secrete
1:
3692:Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
3567:Tumours of the nervous system
2912:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
2749:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
2085:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0518
2073:Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
2037:National Institutes of Health
914:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63992-2
851:
713:Farnesyltransferase inhibitor
583:
93:genetically inherited disease
3737:Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
3388:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3143:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2834:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2420:Current Opinion in Neurology
2412:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
2224:10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181ee3833
2122:Pediatric Blood & Cancer
846:List of cutaneous conditions
693:
664:
553:melanoma inhibitory activity
527:
311:of neurofibroma in terms of
227:
7:
2669:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
1722:Annals of Surgical Oncology
1119:Journal of Medical Genetics
794:
730:, a compound that inhibits
719:
686:indirectly down regulating
307:This section discusses the
78:solitary nerve sheath tumor
10:
4083:
3491:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
2274:10.3171/2009.11.FOCUS09221
1914:10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.041
1599:Journal of Cardiac Surgery
1008:10.1186/s12893-020-00761-4
945:Miller RT (October 2004).
622:
180:Deep nodular neurofibromas
150:
4035:
4019:
3947:
3925:
3902:
3872:
3828:
3798:
3768:
3745:
3722:
3672:
3663:
3643:
3634:
3610:
3582:
3573:
3454:
3421:
3365:
3350:
3341:
3298:
3269:
3248:
3239:
3192:
3151:
3120:
3109:
3091:
3036:
2978:
2920:
2857:
2777:
2706:
2695:
2686:
2601:
2565:
2497:
2490:
2324:
1734:10.1245/s10434-007-9737-5
1656:10.1007/s00247-008-0865-2
1564:10.1007/s00402-007-0303-1
1278:10.1016/j.ccr.2008.01.002
1074:10.1007/s00234-003-0964-6
870:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
551:A blood test for protein
420:peripheral nervous system
70:peripheral nervous system
46:
38:
29:
24:
3864:Lhermitte–Duclos disease
3788:Choroid plexus carcinoma
3783:Choroid plexus papilloma
3256:Thrombocytopenic purpura
2902:Dermatitis herpetiformis
2887:Acute contact dermatitis
2839:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
2764:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
2734:Lichen simplex chronicus
2614:Epidermal inclusion cyst
1319:10.3332/ecancer.2018.800
636:malignant transformation
302:
217:malignant transformation
132:
86:neurofibromatosis type I
41:neurofibromatosis type I
3521:Squamous-cell carcinoma
3516:Systemic histoplasmosis
2907:Porphyria cutanea tarda
2537:Squamous-cell carcinoma
1227:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5539
414:There are two kinds of
351:gene is composed of 60
3707:Anaplastic astrocytoma
3702:Fibrillary astrocytoma
3496:Cicatricial pemphigoid
3413:Acne keloidalis nuchae
3408:Folliculitis decalvans
2296:Muir DF (April 2006).
2048:Clinical trial number
2014:Clinical trial number
1996:Clinical trial number
1978:Clinical trial number
1877:Clinical trial number
1859:Clinical trial number
1841:Clinical trial number
1762:Clinical trial number
1529:10.1212/wnl.58.10.1461
1419:10.1186/1741-7015-9-82
1167:Nature Reviews. Cancer
649:A neurofibroma on the
618:Plexiform neurofibroma
544:
456:loss of heterozygosity
404:tumor suppressor genes
344:
262:
237:
223:Plexiform neurofibroma
200:
104:biallelic inactivation
3963:Esthesioneuroblastoma
3687:Pilocytic astrocytoma
3398:Loose anagen syndrome
3325:Necrobiosis lipoidica
3261:Actinic/solar purpura
2935:Insect bite reactions
2724:Seborrheic dermatitis
2547:Merkel-cell carcinoma
2527:Molluscum contagiosum
1306:ecancermedicalscience
756:Peginterferon alfa-2b
535:
402:, are referred to as
338:
269:Medical complications
260:
235:
208:Medical complications
198:
82:sporadic neurofibroma
74:solitary neurofibroma
3968:Ganglioneuroblastoma
3873:CNS embryonal tumors
3778:Choroid plexus tumor
3221:Annulare centrifugum
2744:Glucagonoma syndrome
2542:Basal-cell carcinoma
2517:Seborrheic keratosis
2184:10.1620/tjem.217.193
1792:Viskochil D (2010).
1464:Dermatologic Surgery
872:. St. Louis: Mosby.
331:Neurofibromin 1 gene
3811:Gliomatosis cerebri
3466:Aphthous stomatitis
3403:Lichen planopilaris
3378:Androgenic alopecia
3184:Fixed drug eruption
2759:Pemphigus foliaceus
2659:Granular cell tumor
2261:Neurosurgical Focus
1644:Pediatric Radiology
737:The combination of
657:had to be replaced.
589:Dermal neurofibroma
146:Dermal neurofibroma
3975:Nerve sheath tumor
3917:Hemangiopericytoma
3486:Pemphigus vulgaris
3315:Granuloma annulare
3179:Carcinoid syndrome
3064:Tuberous sclerosis
3023:Coccidioidomycosis
2897:Bullous pemphigoid
2892:Pemphigus vulgaris
2824:Secondary syphilis
2714:Contact dermatitis
2304:on March 27, 2012.
2056:ClinicalTrials.gov
2022:ClinicalTrials.gov
2004:ClinicalTrials.gov
1986:ClinicalTrials.gov
1966:2012-04-20 at the
1951:, October 31, 2008
1885:ClinicalTrials.gov
1867:ClinicalTrials.gov
1849:ClinicalTrials.gov
1770:ClinicalTrials.gov
1389:News. 4 July 2011.
1131:10.1136/jmg.33.1.2
545:
345:
263:
238:
201:
90:autosomal-dominant
66:nerve-sheath tumor
4049:
4048:
3988:Neurofibromatosis
3943:
3942:
3898:
3897:
3824:
3823:
3732:Oligodendroglioma
3630:
3629:
3597:Craniopharyngioma
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3373:Telogen effluvium
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3235:
3234:
3087:
3086:
2955:Lichen spinulosus
2950:Keratosis pilaris
2829:Mycosis fungoides
2729:Stasis dermatitis
2719:Atopic dermatitis
2682:
2681:
2557:Trichoepithelioma
2532:Actinic keratosis
2392:
2391:
2134:10.1002/pbc.23015
1810:Klesse L (2010).
1523:(10): 1461–1470.
1368:978-0-7216-2921-6
1220:(12): 5539–5543.
879:978-1-4160-2999-1
806:Neurofibromatosis
541:storiform pattern
507:endothelial cells
503:perineurial cells
422:(PNS) axons with
125:. In contrast to
123:signaling pathway
58:
57:
19:Medical condition
4074:
4040:brain metastasis
4004:Acoustic neuroma
3806:Oligoastrocytoma
3799:Multiple/unknown
3670:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3641:
3640:
3615:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3471:Oral candidiasis
3348:
3347:
3246:
3245:
3174:Erythema nodosum
3118:
3117:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3044:Tinea versicolor
2882:Bullous impetigo
2819:Pityriasis rosea
2754:Lichen sclerosus
2739:Darier's disease
2704:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2649:Kaposi's sarcoma
2495:
2494:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2305:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2096:
2064:
2058:
2046:
2040:
2030:
2024:
2012:
2006:
1994:
1988:
1976:
1970:
1958:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1893:
1887:
1875:
1869:
1857:
1851:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1728:(5): 1538–1539.
1717:
1711:
1710:
1693:(325): 251–255.
1682:
1676:
1675:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1614:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1487:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1354:
1348:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1142:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1020:
1010:
986:
980:
979:
967:
958:
957:
951:
942:
936:
935:
925:
893:
884:
883:
865:
826:Proteus syndrome
816:Genetic disorder
575:
562:can be used for
519:survival factors
479:chemoattractants
466:in other cells.
219:has been found.
204:variable rates.
34:
22:
21:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4031:
4015:
3939:
3921:
3894:
3880:Medulloblastoma
3868:
3830:
3820:
3794:
3764:
3741:
3724:Oligodendrocyte
3718:
3653:
3647:
3645:Neuroepithelial
3626:
3611:
3606:
3583:
3569:
3564:
3534:
3525:
3457:
3450:
3417:
3383:Alopecia areata
3361:
3343:
3329:
3286:
3265:
3241:
3231:
3188:
3147:
3133:Viral exanthems
3111:
3095:
3093:
3083:
3054:Pityriasis alba
3032:
2974:
2916:
2853:
2773:
2769:Zinc deficiency
2699:
2697:
2678:
2606:
2597:
2561:
2552:Nevus sebaceous
2486:
2483:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2333:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2306:also available
2294:
2290:
2253:
2249:
2204:
2200:
2163:
2159:
2114:
2110:
2065:
2061:
2047:
2043:
2039:study 08-C-0130
2031:
2027:
2013:
2009:
1995:
1991:
1977:
1973:
1968:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1894:
1890:
1876:
1872:
1858:
1854:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1761:
1757:
1718:
1714:
1683:
1679:
1640:
1636:
1591:
1587:
1548:
1544:
1513:
1509:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1398:
1394:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1298:
1294:
1257:
1253:
1206:
1202:
1179:10.1038/nrc1653
1163:
1156:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1057:
1053:
1038:
1034:
987:
983:
968:
961:
949:
943:
939:
894:
887:
880:
866:
859:
854:
821:Watson syndrome
797:
788:neurofibromin 1
722:
696:
680:
667:
625:
620:
612:
605:
599:
591:
586:
579:
576:
530:
444:
412:
341:neurofibromin 1
333:
305:
271:
255:
230:
225:
215:No evidence of
210:
193:
153:
148:
135:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4080:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4006:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3954:
3952:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Retinoblastoma
3846:
3840:Ganglioneuroma
3836:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3774:
3772:
3770:Choroid plexus
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3658:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3506:Coxsackievirus
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3223:
3218:
3216:Gyratum repens
3213:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3138:Toxic erythema
3135:
3130:
3128:Drug eruptions
3124:
3122:
3115:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2965:Lichen nitidus
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Herpes simplex
2863:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2701:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2426:(6): 679–684.
2415:
2407:"Neurofibroma"
2404:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2374:
2363:
2351:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:Classification
2318:
2317:External links
2315:
2312:
2311:
2288:
2247:
2218:(7): 564–581.
2198:
2177:(3): 193–201.
2157:
2128:(2): 173–180.
2108:
2079:(4): 890–896.
2059:
2041:
2025:
2007:
1989:
1971:
1953:
1937:
1908:(3): 437–448.
1888:
1870:
1852:
1834:
1802:
1784:
1773:
1755:
1712:
1677:
1634:
1605:(3): 278–280.
1585:
1558:(8): 709–712.
1542:
1507:
1470:(3): 296–298.
1450:
1392:
1374:
1367:
1349:
1292:
1271:(2): 117–128.
1251:
1200:
1173:(7): 557–564.
1154:
1105:
1095:
1068:(9): 618–625.
1062:Neuroradiology
1051:
1042:"Neurofibroma"
1032:
981:
959:
937:
908:(2): 501–513.
885:
878:
856:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
796:
793:
721:
718:
695:
692:
683:ACE inhibitors
679:
676:
666:
663:
662:
661:
658:
651:left ventricle
647:
624:
621:
619:
616:
610:
603:
597:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
577:
570:
564:histopathology
537:Histopathology
529:
526:
462:, that causes
443:
440:
411:
408:
388:mTOR-S6 kinase
332:
329:
317:cell signaling
304:
301:
270:
267:
254:
251:
229:
226:
224:
221:
209:
206:
192:
189:
188:
187:
177:
171:
152:
149:
147:
144:
134:
131:
56:
55:
53:Neuro-oncology
50:
44:
43:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4079:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:PNS neoplasia
4060:
4059:
4057:
4043:
4041:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:Neuroblastoma
3956:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3927:Hematopoietic
3924:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Ganglioglioma
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3760:Subependymoma
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3655:spinal tumors
3651:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
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3576:
3572:
3568:
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3542:
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3538:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Lichen planus
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:Onychomycosis
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Tinea capitis
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3342:Miscellaneous
3340:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:Nonblanchable
3238:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3090:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:Hypopigmented
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Acne vulgaris
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Lichen planus
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Herpes zoster
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Parapsoriasis
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2809:
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2801:
2799:
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2647:
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2640:
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2123:
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2100:
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2070:
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2029:
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2019:
2018:
2011:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1949:Science Daily
1946:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1924:
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1911:
1907:
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1886:
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1838:
1824:on 2012-03-09
1820:
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864:
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842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Neurofibromin
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
792:
789:
785:
781:
779:
775:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
757:
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751:
746:
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735:
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729:
725:
717:
714:
710:
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704:
700:
691:
689:
684:
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672:
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656:
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644:
643:
642:
639:
637:
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569:
568:
567:
565:
561:
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554:
549:
542:
538:
534:
525:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:neurofibromin
449:
448:Schwann cells
439:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:Schwann cells
410:Schwann cells
407:
405:
401:
400:
395:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
342:
337:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:tumorigenesis
300:
298:
294:
293:
288:
287:
282:
277:
274:
266:
259:
250:
247:
243:
234:
220:
218:
213:
205:
197:
185:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
164:
162:
158:
143:
141:
130:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
112:neurofibromin
109:
105:
102:that exhibit
101:
100:Schwann cells
96:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
54:
51:
49:
45:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
4037:
3995:Neurilemmoma
3983:Neurofibroma
3982:
3712:Glioblastoma
3650:brain tumors
3612:
3584:
3446:Ingrown nail
3018:Dermatophyte
3013:Gonococcemia
2998:Folliculitis
2639:Neurofibroma
2638:
2607:subcutaneous
2423:
2419:
2410:
2399:
2376:
2365:
2353:
2337:
2302:the original
2291:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2049:
2044:
2028:
2015:
2010:
1997:
1992:
1979:
1974:
1956:
1940:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1878:
1873:
1860:
1855:
1842:
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1819:the original
1805:
1787:
1776:
1763:
1758:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1409:
1406:BMC Medicine
1405:
1395:
1377:
1358:
1352:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1170:
1166:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1098:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1045:
1035:
998:
994:
984:
975:
953:
940:
905:
901:
869:
784:Gene therapy
782:
771:
770:
766:astrocytomas
760:
754:
747:
736:
726:
723:
707:
697:
681:
671:chemotherapy
668:
655:mitral valve
640:
633:
626:
601:
595:
592:
557:
550:
546:
523:
481:such as the
475:heterozygous
468:
445:
436:
432:Remak bundle
413:
397:
391:
348:
346:
306:
296:
290:
285:
278:
275:
272:
264:
253:Age of onset
239:
214:
211:
202:
191:Age of onset
179:
173:
167:
154:
136:
107:
97:
81:
77:
73:
64:is a benign
62:neurofibroma
61:
59:
25:Neurofibroma
3854:Neurocytoma
3816:Gliosarcoma
3682:Astrocytoma
3602:Pituicytoma
3501:Herpesvirus
3481:Leukoplakia
3306:Scleroderma
3193:Specialized
3121:Generalized
3096:involvement
3008:Candidiasis
2700:involvement
2674:Myxoid cyst
2522:Acrochordon
2051:NCT00727233
2017:NCT00846430
1999:NCT00396019
1981:NCT00678951
1880:NCT00901849
1862:NCT00634270
1844:NCT00652990
1765:NCT00025454
1265:Cancer Cell
1125:(1): 2–17.
995:BMC Surgery
841:Skin lesion
699:Pirfenidone
678:Medications
566:diagnosis.
499:fibroblasts
471:hyperplasia
361:cytoplasmic
127:schwannomas
120:cell growth
4056:Categories
3999:Schwannoma
3912:Meningioma
3755:Ependymoma
3441:Paronychia
3282:Vasculitis
3206:Multiforme
3204:Erythema (
3159:Cellulitis
3110:Blanchable
2859:Blistering
2849:Ichthyosis
2707:Eczematous
2619:Hemangioma
2378:DiseasesDB
1828:2011-05-15
1650:(8): 916.
1485:1765/54189
1001:(1): 106.
852:References
709:Tipifarnib
703:fibroblast
584:Treatments
511:mast cells
487:angiogenic
483:KIT ligand
460:DNA damage
428:neoplastic
325:cell cycle
118:-mediated
88:(NF1), an
3674:Astrocyte
3622:Pinealoma
3575:Endocrine
3436:Psoriasis
3344:disorders
3299:Indurated
3200:Urticaria
3152:Localized
3094:epidermal
2877:Varicella
2787:Psoriasis
2698:epidermal
2664:Leiomyoma
2566:Pigmented
2499:Epidermal
2397:DermAtlas
2346:: D36.1 (
2267:(1): E8.
1517:Neurology
831:RASopathy
778:tranilast
762:Sorafenib
739:erlotinib
728:Sirolimus
701:inhibits
694:No effect
674:therapy.
665:Radiation
528:Diagnosis
464:mutations
321:histology
48:Specialty
3904:Meninges
3747:Ependyma
3511:Syphilis
3458:membrane
3113:Erythema
3049:Vitiligo
3003:Impetigo
2980:Pustular
2945:Miliaria
2793:Corporis
2644:Xanthoma
2593:Melanoma
2573:Freckles
2448:23782923
2440:12447105
2350:D36.160)
2283:20043723
2242:20814256
2193:19282654
2152:21319287
2103:18413802
1964:Archived
1932:18984156
1742:18157575
1672:11649262
1664:18458838
1621:16684061
1580:22638321
1572:17377797
1537:12041525
1494:11896787
1438:21726432
1338:29456617
1287:18242512
1187:16069817
1090:24072091
1082:12898075
1027:32423401
932:11159187
795:See also
786:for the
773:In vitro
750:imatinib
720:Research
688:TGF-beta
515:mitogens
323:and the
313:genetics
3310:morphea
3270:Papular
3249:Macular
3242:Purpura
3226:Ab igne
3211:Migrans
3164:Abscess
3092:Without
3074:Leprosy
2993:Rosacea
2930:Scabies
2922:Papular
2791:Tinea (
2779:Scaling
2583:Melasma
2578:Lentigo
2491:Growths
2372:D009455
2360:M9540/0
2233:2967570
2143:3128176
2094:3267321
1923:2788814
1750:9603376
1707:8998885
1629:7247742
1429:3224593
1329:5813918
1312:: 800.
1246:8516298
1195:7909466
1149:8825042
1140:1051805
1018:7236506
954:Propath
923:1850316
743:gliomas
629:surgery
623:Surgery
495:lesions
491:midkine
364:protein
357:17qll.2
244:in the
228:Anatomy
159:in the
151:Anatomy
140:grade I
106:of the
68:in the
3832:neuron
3829:Mature
3665:Glioma
3613:Other:
3586:Sellar
3456:Mucous
3352:Ulcers
2813:Faciei
2808:Manuum
2798:Cruris
2688:Rashes
2634:Lipoma
2629:Keloid
2603:Dermal
2512:Callus
2446:
2438:
2281:
2240:
2230:
2191:
2150:
2140:
2101:
2091:
1930:
1920:
1748:
1740:
1705:
1670:
1662:
1627:
1619:
1578:
1570:
1535:
1502:656654
1500:
1492:
1436:
1426:
1412:: 82.
1387:CORDIS
1365:
1336:
1326:
1285:
1244:
1234:
1193:
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