Empire State Building

2214: 1495:, the five lines to enter the observation decks are "as legendary as the building itself". Concierge.com stated that there were five lines: the sidewalk line, the lobby elevator line, the ticket purchase line, the second elevator line, and the line to get off the elevator and onto the observation deck. In 2016, New York City's official tourism website made note of only three lines: the security check line, the ticket purchase line, and the second elevator line. Following renovations completed in 2019, designed to streamline queuing and reduce wait times, guests enter from a single entrance on 34th Street, where they make their way through 10,000-square-foot (930 m) exhibits on their way up to the observatories. Guests were offered a variety of ticket packages, including a package that enables them to skip the lines throughout the duration of their stay. The Empire State Building garners significant revenue from ticket sales for its observation decks, making more money from ticket sales than it does from renting office space during some years. 1224: 2818:

observatory lobby. The new lobby includes several technological features, including large LED panels, digital ticket kiosks in nine languages, and a two-story architectural model of the building surrounded by two metal staircases. The first phase of the renovation, completed in 2019, features an updated exterior lighting system and digital hosts. The new lobby also features free Wi-Fi provided for those waiting. A 10,000-square-foot (930 m) exhibit with nine galleries opened in July 2019. The 102nd floor observatory, the third phase of the redesign, reopened to the public on October 12, 2019. That portion of the project included outfitting the space with floor-to-ceiling glass windows and a brand-new glass elevator. The final portion of the renovations to be completed was a new observatory on the 80th floor, which opened on December 2, 2019. In total, the renovation cost $ 160 million or $ 165 million and took four years to finish.

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beneath it. Having secured a half-ownership of the land, Trump devised plans to take ownership of the building itself so he could renovate it, even though Helmsley and Malkin had already started their refurbishment project. He sued Empire State Building Associates in February 1995, claiming that the latter had caused the building to become a "high-rise slum" and a "second-rate, rodent-infested" office tower. Trump had intended to have Empire State Building Associates evicted for violating the terms of their lease, but was denied. This led to Helmsley's companies countersuing Trump in May. This sparked a series of lawsuits and countersuits that lasted several years, partly arising from Trump's desire to obtain the building's master lease by taking it from Empire State Building Associates. Upon Harry Helmsley's death in 1997, the Malkins sued Helmsley's widow,

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sides of the rectangle, as well as a shorter hallway on the eastern side and another long hallway on the western side. At both ends of the northern and southern corridors, there is a bank of four low-rise elevators in between the corridors. The western side of the rectangular elevator-bank corridor extends north to the 34th Street entrance and south to the 33rd Street entrance. It borders three large storefronts and leads to escalators (originally stairs), which go both to the second floor and to the basement. Going from west to east, there are secondary entrances to 34th and 33rd Streets from the northern and southern corridors, respectively. The side entrances from 33rd and 34th Street lead to two-story-high corridors around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel-and-glass-enclosed bridges at the mezzanine floor.

1619:(FCC) ordered the exclusive deal be terminated. The FCC directive was based on consumer complaints that a common location was necessary for the seven extant New York-area television stations to transmit from so that receiving antennas would not have to be constantly adjusted. Other television broadcasters would later join RCA at the building on the 81st through 83rd floors, often along with sister FM stations. Construction of a dedicated broadcast tower began on July 27, 1950, with TV, and FM, transmissions starting in 1951. The 200-foot (61 m) broadcast tower was completed in 1953. From 1951, six broadcasters agreed to pay a combined $ 600,000 per year for the use of the antenna. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennae was constructed ringing the 103rd floor observation area to act as a master antenna. 58: 1422:, in a central core and are of varying heights, with the longest of these elevators reaching from the lobby to the 80th floor. As originally built, there were four "express" elevators that connected the lobby, 80th floor, and several landings in between; the other 60 "local" elevators connected the landings with the floors above these intermediate landings. Of the 64 total elevators, 58 were for passenger use (comprising the four express elevators and 54 local elevators), and eight were for freight deliveries. The elevators were designed to move at 1,200 feet per minute (366 m/min). At the time of the skyscraper's construction, their practical speed was limited to 700 feet per minute (213 m/min) per city law, but this limit was removed shortly after the building opened. 2553: 2403:, one of the building's longest resident tenants, co-established the Empire Diamond Corporation with his father in the building in mid-1931 and rented space in the building until he died in 2008. Brod recalled that there were only about 20 tenants at the time of opening, including him, and that Al Smith was the only real tenant in the space above his seventh-floor offices. Generally, during the early 1930s, it was rare for more than a single office space to be rented in the building, despite Smith's and Raskob's aggressive marketing efforts in the newspapers and to anyone they knew. The building's lights were continuously left on, even in the unrented spaces, to give the impression of occupancy. This was exacerbated by competition from 2257: 3290: 3134: 938: inches (443.092 m) including its 203-foot (61.9 m) pinnacle. It was the first building in the world to be more than 100 stories tall, though only the lowest 86 stories are usable. The first through 85th floors contain 2.158 million square feet (200,500 m) of commercial and office space, while the 86th floor contains an observatory. The remaining 16 stories are part of the spire, which is capped by an observatory on the 102nd floor; the spire does not contain any intermediate levels and is used mostly for mechanical purposes. Atop the 102nd story is the 203 ft (61.9 m) pinnacle, much of which is covered by broadcast antennas, and surmounted with a 1362: 1469: 2173:

descend to the ground level to eat lunch. Temporary water taps were also built so workers did not waste time buying water bottles from the ground level. Additionally, carts running on a small railway system transported materials from the basement storage to elevators that brought the carts to the desired floors where they would then be distributed throughout that level using another set of tracks. The 57,480 short tons (51,320 long tons) of steel ordered for the project was the largest-ever single order of steel at the time, comprising more steel than was ordered for the Chrysler Building and 40 Wall Street combined. According to historian

1847: 1435: 2036:. The roof height was now 1,250 feet (380 m), making it the tallest building in the world by far, even without the antenna. The addition of the dirigible station meant that another floor, the now-enclosed 86th floor, would have to be built below the crown; however, unlike the Chrysler's spire, the Empire State's mast would serve a practical purpose. A revised plan was announced to the public in late December 1929, just before the start of construction. The final plan was sketched within two hours, the night before the plan was supposed to be presented to the site's owners in January 1930. 951: 2762: 1325: 2576:. The plan originally included 66-story twin towers with column-free open spaces. The Empire State's owners and real estate speculators were worried that the twin towers' 7.6 million square feet (710,000 m) of office space would create a glut of rentable space in Manhattan as well as take away the Empire State Building's profits from lessees. A revision in the World Trade Center's plan brought the twin towers to 1,370 feet (420 m) each or 110 stories, taller than the Empire State. Opponents of the new project included prominent real-estate developer 1584: 15851: 2317: 2475: 2751: 1275: 2831: 1460: 2807:, having begun trading publicly on the New York Stock Exchange the previous year. In August 2016, the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) was issued new fully diluted shares equivalent to 9.9% of the trust; this investment gave them partial ownership of the entirety of the ESRT's portfolio, and as a result, partial ownership of the Empire State Building. The trust's president John Kessler called it an "endorsement of the company's irreplaceable assets". The investment has been described by the real-estate magazine 2131: 2143:

Small pier holes were sunk into the ground to house the concrete footings that would support the steelwork. Excavation was nearly complete by early March, and construction on the building itself started on March 17, with the builders placing the first steel columns on the completed footings before the rest of the footings had been finished. Around this time, Lamb held a press conference on the building plans. He described the reflective steel panels parallel to the windows, the large-block

1952: 3599: 49: 2304:, Hine "climbed out onto the steel with the ironworkers and dangled from a derrick cable hundreds of feet above the city to capture, as no one ever had before (or has since), the dizzy work of building skyscrapers". In Rasenberger's words, Hine turned what might have been an assignment of "corporate flak" into "exhilarating art". These images were later organized into their own collection. Onlookers were enraptured by the sheer height at which the steelworkers operated. 1502: 1562:

to the building's spire, and has a circular balcony outside. It is now an access point to reach the spire for maintenance. The room now contains electrical equipment, but celebrities and dignitaries may also be given permission to take pictures there. Above the 103rd floor, there is a set of stairs and a ladder to reach the spire for maintenance work. The mast's 480 windows were all replaced in 2015. The mast serves as the base of the building's broadcasting antenna.

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the plan was abandoned after high winds made that impossible. At the top would be a conical roof and the 102nd-floor docking station. Inside, the elevators would ascend 167 feet (51 m) from the 86th floor ticket offices to a 33-foot-wide (10 m) 101st-floor waiting room. From there, stairs would lead to the 102nd floor, where passengers would enter the airships. The airships would have been moored to the spire at the equivalent of the building's 106th floor.

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the public from the late 1990s to 2005 due to limited viewing capacity and long lines. The observation decks were redesigned in mid-1979. The 102nd floor was again redesigned in a project that was completed in 2019, allowing the windows to be extended from floor to ceiling and widening the space in the observatory overall. An observatory on the 80th floor, opened in 2019, includes various exhibits as well as a mural of the skyline drawn by British artist

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building of similar height had been three and a half stories per week. While construction progressed, the final designs for the floors were being designed from the ground up (as opposed to the general design, which had been from the roof down). Some of the levels were still undergoing final approval, with several orders placed within an hour of a plan being finalized. On September 10, as steelwork was nearing completion, Smith laid the building's

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contains an embossed outline of the building, with rays radiating from the spire and the sun behind it. In the background is a state map of New York with the building's location marked by a "medallion" in the very southeast portion of the outline. A compass is depicted in the bottom right and a plaque to the building's major developers is on the bottom left. A scale model of the building was also placed south of the security desk.

3627: 1451:, despite being more expensive. There are variable charges to enter the observatories; one ticket allows visitors to go as high as the 86th floor, and there is an additional charge to visit the 102nd floor. Other ticket options for visitors include scheduled access to view the sunrise from the observatory, a "premium" guided tour with VIP access, and the "AM/PM" package which allows for two visits in the same day. 2441:

they had checked in on the 86th floor, after which passengers would have climbed steep ladders to board the airship. The idea, however, was impractical and dangerous due to powerful updrafts caused by the building itself, the wind currents across Manhattan, and the spires of nearby skyscrapers. Furthermore, even if the airship were to successfully navigate all these obstacles, its crew would have to jettison some

745:. In 1929, Empire State Inc. acquired the site and devised plans for a skyscraper there. The design for the Empire State Building was changed fifteen times until it was ensured to be the world's tallest building. Construction started on March 17, 1930, and the building opened thirteen and a half months afterward on May 1, 1931. Despite favorable publicity related to the building's construction, because of the 3152:). One engine completely penetrated the building, landing on the roof of a nearby building where it started a fire that destroyed a penthouse. The other engine and part of the landing gear plummeted down an elevator shaft, causing a fire that was extinguished in 40 minutes. Fourteen people were killed in the incident. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver fell 75 stories and survived, which still holds the 2205:, a U.S. currency set containing all denominations of notes and coins minted in 1930, a history of the site and building, and photographs of the people involved in construction. The steel structure was topped out at 1,048 feet (319 m) on September 19, twelve days ahead of schedule and 23 weeks after the start of construction. Workers raised a flag atop the 86th floor to signify this milestone. 1654:, it was stated that the placement of broadcast stations in the Empire State Building was considered "problematic" due to interference from nearby buildings. In comparison, the congressional report stated that the former Twin Towers had very few buildings of comparable height nearby thus signals suffered little interference. In 2003, a few FM stations were relocated to the nearby 2415:

elevators to the observation decks in 1931. In its first year of operation, the observation deck made approximately $ 2 million in revenue, as much as its owners made in rent that year. By 1936, the observation deck was crowded on a daily basis, with food and drink available for purchase at the top, and by 1944 the building had received its five-millionth visitor. In 1931,

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time before air conditioning became commonplace. Each of the floors has 210 structural columns that pass through it, which provide structural stability but limits the amount of open space on these floors. The relative dearth of stone in the Empire State Building allows for more space overall, with a 1:200 stone-to-building ratio compared to a 1:50 ratio in similar buildings.

2015:. The 40 Wall Street tower was revised, in April 1929, from 840 feet (260 m) to 925 feet (282 m) making it the world's tallest. The Chrysler Building added its 185-foot (56 m) steel tip to its roof in October 1929, thus bringing it to a height of 1,046 feet (319 m) and greatly exceeding the height of 40 Wall Street. The Chrysler Building's developer, 2357:, builders and real estate speculators predicted that the 1,250-foot-tall (380 m) Empire State Building would be the world's tallest building "for many years", thus ending the great New York City skyscraper rivalry. At the time, most engineers agreed that it would be difficult to build a building taller than 1,200 feet (370 m), even with the hardy Manhattan 1627:. Even though the nine stations who were broadcasting from the Empire State Building were leasing their broadcast space until 1984, most of these stations moved to the World Trade Center as soon as it was completed in 1971. The broadcasters obtained a court order stipulating that the Port Authority had to build a mast and transmission equipment in the 2253:, placed on platforms erected near the building, lifted the steel from the trucks below and installed the beams at the appropriate locations. The Empire State Building was structurally completed on April 11, 1931, twelve days ahead of schedule and 410 days after construction commenced. Al Smith shot the final rivet, which was made of solid gold. 2028:

acquired a lot at 27–31 West 33rd Street, adding 75 feet (23 m) to the width of the proposed office building's site. Two days later, Smith announced the updated plans for the skyscraper. The plans included an observation deck on the 86th-floor roof at a height of 1,050 feet (320 m), higher than the Chrysler's 71st-floor observation deck.

2510:. The sale was brokered by the Charles F. Noyes Company, a prominent real estate firm in upper Manhattan, for $ 51 million, the highest price paid for a single structure at the time. By this time, the Empire State had been fully leased for several years with a waiting list of parties looking to lease space in the building, according to the 2396:. In the first year, only 23 percent of the available space was rented, as compared to the early 1920s, where the average building would be 52 percent occupied upon opening and 90 percent occupied within five years. The lack of renters led New Yorkers to deride the building as the "Empty State Building" or "Smith's Folly". 1093:. These were later swapped for four "Freedom Lights" in 1956. In February 1964, flood lights were added on the 72nd floor to illuminate the top of the building at night so that the building could be seen from the World Fair later that year. The lights were shut off from November 1973 to July 1974 because of the 7603: 7669: 3404:

As an icon of the United States, it is also very popular among Americans. In a 2007 survey, the American Institute of Architects found that the Empire State Building was "America's favorite building". The building was originally a symbol of hope in a country devastated by the Depression, as well as a

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parked at the curb. Photography student Robert Wiles took a photo of McHale's oddly intact corpse a few minutes after her death. The police found a suicide note among possessions that she left on the observation deck: "He is much better off without me.... I wouldn't make a good wife for anybody". The

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In 2002, Trump and Yokoi sold their land claim to the Empire State Building Associates, now headed by Malkin, in a $ 57.5 million sale. This action merged the building's title and lease for the first time in half a century. Despite the lingering threat posed by the 9/11 attacks, the Empire State

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Capital improvements were made to the Empire State Building during the early to mid-1990s at a cost of $ 55 million. Because all of the building's windows were being replaced at the same time, the LPC mandated a paint-color test for the windows; the test revealed that the Empire State Building's

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docking station. Raskob and Smith had proposed dirigible ticketing offices and passenger waiting rooms on the 86th floor, while the airships themselves would be tied to the spire at the equivalent of the building's 106th floor. An elevator would ferry passengers from the 86th to the 101st floor after

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The scale of the project was massive, with trucks carrying "16,000 partition tiles, 5,000 bags of cement, 450 cubic yards of sand and 300 bags of lime" arriving at the construction site every day. There were also cafes and concession stands on five of the incomplete floors so workers did not have to

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A structural steel contract was awarded on January 12, 1930, with excavation of the site beginning ten days later on January 22, before the old hotel had been completely demolished. Two twelve-hour shifts, consisting of 300 men each, worked continuously to dig the 55-foot (17 m) deep foundation.

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reported that the spire was facing some "technical problems", but they were "no greater than might be expected under such a novel plan." By this time the blueprints for the building had gone through up to fifteen versions before they were approved. Lamb described the other specifications he was given

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Additional elevators connect the 80th floor to the six floors above it, as the six extra floors were built after the original 80 stories were approved. The elevators were mechanically operated until 2011, when they were replaced with automatic elevators during the $ 550 million renovation of the

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as well, an appellation that it has held since shortly after opening. The panels installed in the lobby in 1963 reflected this, showing the seven original wonders alongside the Empire State Building. The Empire State Building also became the standard of reference to describe the height and length of

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said the Empire State Building's appeal came from the fact that it was "caught at the exact moment of transition—caught between metal and stone, between the idea of 'monumental mass' and that of airy volume, between handicraft and machine design, and in the swing from what was essentially handicraft

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a former co-worker on the building's Fifth Avenue sidewalk. He had been laid off from his job in 2011. Two police officers confronted the gunman, and he aimed his firearm at them. They responded by firing 16 shots, killing him but also wounding nine bystanders. Most of the injured were hit by bullet

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The first suicide from the building occurred on April 7, 1931, before it was even completed, when a carpenter who had been laid-off went to the 58th floor and jumped. The first suicide after the building's opening occurred from the 86th floor observatory in February 1935, when Irma P. Eberhardt fell

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entered into a joint-venture agreement with Yokoi, with a shared goal of breaking the Empire State Building's lease on the land in an effort to gain total ownership of the building so that, if successful, the two could reap the potential profits of merging the ownership of the building with the land

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By 1980, there were nearly two million annual visitors, although a building official had previously estimated between 1.5 million and 1.75 million annual visitors. The building received its own ZIP code in May 1980 in a roll out of 63 new postal codes in Manhattan. At the time, its tenants

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resulting in the lower floors being larger than the upper floors. Consequently, the building was conceived from the top down, giving it a pencil-like shape. The plans were devised within a budget of $ 50 million and a stipulation that the building be ready for occupancy within 18 months of the start

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had been managed by Raskob, was appointed head of the company. The group also purchased nearby land so they would have the 2 acres (1 ha) needed for the base, with the combined plot measuring 425 feet (130 m) wide by 200 feet (61 m) long. The Empire State Inc. consortium was announced

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As constructed, the mast contains four rectangular tiers topped by a cylindrical shaft with a conical pinnacle. On the 102nd floor (formerly the 101st floor), there is a door with stairs ascending to the 103rd floor (formerly the 102nd). This was built as a disembarkation floor for airships tethered

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attraction was built on the 2nd floor, as a complement to the observation deck. The original cinematic presentation lasted approximately 25 minutes, while the simulation was about eight minutes. The ride had two incarnations. The original version, which ran from 1994 until around 2002, featured

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Since October 12, 1977, the spire has been lit in colors chosen to match seasonal events and holidays. Organizations are allowed to make requests through the building's website. The building is also lit in the colors of New York-based sports teams on nights when they host games: for example, orange,

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Company on Sixth Avenue between 43rd and 44th streets; an 85-story tower to be developed on the site of the Belmont Hotel near Grand Central Terminal; and the Noyes-Schulte Company's proposed tower on Broadway between Duane and Worth streets. Only one of these projects was even partially completed:

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Starting in 2009, the building's public areas received a $ 550 million renovation, with improvements to the air conditioning and waterproofing, renovations to the observation deck and main lobby, and relocation of the gift shop to the 80th floor. About $ 120 million was spent on improving

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into the north side of the Empire State Building, between the 79th and 80th floors. One engine completely penetrated the building and landed in a neighboring block, while the other engine and part of the landing gear plummeted down an elevator shaft. Fourteen people were killed in the incident, but

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being "lost in the mist" enveloping New York City. The Empire State Building officially opened the next day. Advertisements for the building's observatories were placed in local newspapers, while nearby hotels also capitalized on the events by releasing advertisements that lauded their proximity to

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Work on the building's interior and crowning mast commenced after the topping out. The mooring mast topped out on November 21, two months after the steelwork had been completed. Meanwhile, work on the walls and interior was progressing at a quick pace, with exterior walls built up to the 75th floor

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did not sign the new codes into law until March 26, 1930, just before construction was due to commence. The first steel framework was installed on April 1, 1930. From there, construction proceeded at a rapid pace; during one stretch of 10 working days, the builders erected fourteen floors. This was

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The 1,050-foot Empire State Building would only be 4 feet (1.2 m) taller than the Chrysler Building, and Raskob was afraid that Chrysler might try to "pull a trick like hiding a rod in the spire and then sticking it up at the last minute." The plans were revised one last time in December 1929,

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dome to a narrow steel spire. Raskob, wishing to have the Empire State Building be the world's tallest, reviewed the plans and had five floors added as well as a spire; however, the new floors would need to be set back because of projected wind pressure on the extension. On November 18, 1929, Smith

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nine blocks away at its closest. It also praised the 3,000,000 square feet (280,000 m) of proposed floor space near "one of the busiest sections in the world". The Empire State Building was to be a typical office building, but Raskob intended to build it "better and in a bigger way", according

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as the pilot, with the new flight also going haywire. This new version served a more informative goal, as opposed to the old version's main purpose of entertainment, and contained details about the 9/11 attacks. The simulator received mixed reviews, with assessments of the ride ranging from "great"

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The 86th floor observatory contains both an enclosed viewing gallery and an open-air outdoor viewing area, allowing for it to remain open 365 days a year regardless of the weather. The 102nd floor observatory is completely enclosed and much smaller in size. The 102nd floor observatory was closed to

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lobby located at 350 Fifth Avenue. Visitors to the observatories use an entrance at 20 West 34th Street; prior to August 2018, visitors entered through the Fifth Avenue lobby. Although physically located in South Midtown, a mixed residential and commercial area, the building is so large that it was

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As an icon of New York City, the Empire State Building has been featured in various films, books, TV shows, and video games. According to the building's official website, more than 250 movies contain depictions of the Empire State Building. In his book about the building, John Tauranac writes that

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On January 24, 2000, an elevator in the building suddenly descended 40 stories after a cable that controlled the cabin's maximum speed was severed. The elevator fell from the 44th floor to the fourth floor, where a narrowed elevator shaft provided a second safety system. Despite the 40-floor fall,

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in Manhattan both vied for this distinction and were already under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. The "Race into the Sky", as popular media called it at the time, was representative of the country's optimism in the 1920s, fueled by the building boom in major cities. The

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The final stage of the building was the installation of a hollow mast, a 158-foot (48 m) steel shaft fitted with elevators and utilities, above the 86th floor. The spire of the Empire State Building was originally intended to serve as a mooring mast for zeppelins and other airships, although

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The plaque at the western end of the lobby is on the eastern interior wall of a one-story-tall rectangular-shaped corridor that surrounds the banks of escalators, with a similar design to the lobby. The rectangular-shaped corridor actually consists of two long hallways on the northern and southern

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panels made by the Indiana Limestone Company and sourced from a quarry in south-central Indiana; the panels give the building its signature blonde color. According to official fact sheets, the facade uses 200,000 cubic feet (5,700 m) of limestone and granite, ten million bricks, and 730 short

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in Chicago. As a result of the attacks, transmissions from nearly all of the city's commercial television and FM radio stations were again broadcast from the Empire State Building. The attacks also led to an increase in security due to persistent terror threats against prominent sites in New York

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In addition to the time constraint builders had, there were also space limitations because construction materials had to be delivered quickly, and trucks needed to drop off these materials without congesting traffic. This was solved by creating a temporary driveway for the trucks between 33rd and

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Utilities are grouped in a central shaft. On the 6th through 86th stories, the central shaft is surrounded by a main corridor on all four sides. Per the final specifications of the building, the corridor is surrounded in turn by office space 28 feet (8.5 m) deep, maximizing office space at a

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sharply from the base. The setback above the 5th story is 60 feet (18 m) deep on all sides. There are smaller setbacks on the upper stories, allowing sunlight to illuminate the interiors of the top floors while also positioning these floors away from the noisy streets below. The setbacks are

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Per the 1916 Zoning Act, the wall of any given tower that faces a street could only rise to a certain height, proportionate to the street's width, at which point the building had to be set back by a given proportion. This system of setbacks would continue until the tower reaches a floor level in

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In December 1975, the observation deck was opened on the 110th floor of the Twin Towers, significantly higher than the 86th floor observatory on the Empire State Building. The latter was also losing revenue during this period, particularly as a number of broadcast stations had moved to the World

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for $ 29 million. Helmsley, Wien, and Peter Malkin quickly started a program of minor improvement projects, including the first-ever full-building facade refurbishment and window-washing in 1962, the installation of new flood lights on the 72nd floor in 1964, and replacement of the manually

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facade that was slightly more expensive than smaller bricks, and the building's vertical lines. Four colossal columns, intended for installation in the center of the building site, were delivered; they would support a combined 10,000,000 pounds (4,500,000 kg) when the building was finished.

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filed a lawsuit against the building in 1992, in what was the first lawsuit filed by an organization under the new law. A settlement was reached in 1994, in which Empire State Building Associates agreed to add ADA-compliant elements, such as new elevators, ramps, and automatic doors, during the

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Aggressive marketing efforts served to reinforce the Empire State Building's status as the world's tallest. The observatory was advertised in local newspapers as well as on railroad tickets. The building became a popular tourist attraction, with one million people each paying one dollar to ride

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as a foundation. Technically, it was believed possible to build a tower of up to 2,000 feet (610 m), but it was deemed uneconomical to do so, especially during the Great Depression. As the tallest building in the world, at that time, and the first one to exceed 100 floors, the Empire State

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had risen to the 26th floor, and by July 27, half of the steel structure had been completed. Starrett Bros. and Eken endeavored to build one floor a day in order to speed up construction, achieving a pace of four and a half stories per week; prior to this, the fastest pace of construction for a

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Demolition of the old Waldorf–Astoria began on October 1, 1929. Stripping the building down was an arduous process, as the hotel had been constructed using more rigid material than earlier buildings had been. Furthermore, the old hotel's granite, wood chips, and "'precious' metals such as lead,

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on each side, with windows projecting slightly from the limestone cladding. The bays are arranged into sets of one, two, or three windows on each floor. The bays are separated by alternating narrow and wide piers, the inclusion of which may have been influenced by the design of the contemporary

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The original plan of the building was 50 stories, but was later increased to 60 and then 80 stories. Height restrictions were placed on nearby buildings to ensure that the top fifty floors of the planned 80-story, 1,000-foot-tall (300 m) building would have unobstructed views of the city.

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The placement of the stations in the Empire State Building became a major issue with the construction of the World Trade Center's Twin Towers in the late 1960s, and early 1970s. The greater height of the Twin Towers would reflect radio waves broadcast from the Empire State Building, eventually

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The western ends of the north and south walls include escalators to a mezzanine level. At the west end of the lobby, behind the security desk, is an aluminum relief of the skyscraper as it was originally built (without the antenna). The relief, which was intended to provide a welcoming effect,

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A comprehensive restoration of the building's mooring and antenna masts also began in June 2019. Antennas on the mooring mast were removed or relocated to the upper mast, while the aluminum panels were cleaned and coated with silver paint. To minimize disruption to the observation decks, the

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to show how easy it was to transfer the deed on a property, since city clerks were not required to validate the submitted information, as well as to help demonstrate how fraudulent deeds could be used to obtain large mortgages and then have individuals disappear with the money. The paperwork

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in anticipation of a revision to the city's building code that would have allowed the Empire State Building's structural steel to carry 18,000 pounds per square inch (120,000 kPa), up from 16,000 pounds per square inch (110,000 kPa), thus reducing the amount of steel needed for the

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brass, and zinc" were not in high demand, resulting in issues with disposal. Most of the wood was deposited into a woodpile on nearby 30th Street or was burned in a swamp elsewhere. Much of the other materials that made up the old hotel, including the granite and bronze, were dumped into the

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According to official fact sheets, the Empire State Building weighs 365,000 short tons (331,122 t) and has an internal volume of 37 million cubic feet (1,000,000 m). The interior required 1,172 miles (1,886 km) of elevator cable and 2 million feet (609,600 m) of

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A renovation of the Empire State Building was commenced in the 2010s to further improve energy efficiency, public areas, and amenities. In August 2018, to improve the flow of visitor traffic, the main visitor's entrance was shifted to 20 West 34th Street as part of a major renovation of the

1488:. An interactive multimedia museum, with multiple hands-on exhibitions about the building's history, was added during this project. The design of the 10,000 sq ft (930 m) Observatory Experience was inspired by the plans and designs of the original Empire State Building. 8680: 2249:, brick hoppers, and stone hoists inside the building ensured that materials would be able to ascend quickly and without endangering or inconveniencing the public. At one point, over 200 trucks made material deliveries at the building site every day. A series of relay and erection 10766: 9756: 2858:

in 1967. An early-1970s proposal to dismantle the spire and replace it with an additional 11 floors, which would have brought the building's height to 1,494 feet (455 m) and made it once again the world's tallest at the time, was considered but ultimately rejected.

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by the time steelwork had been built to the 95th floor. The majority of the facade was already finished by the middle of November. Because of the building's height, it was deemed infeasible to have many elevators or large elevator cabins, so the builders contracted with the

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building. An additional elevator connects the 86th and 102nd floor observatories, which allows visitors access the 102nd floor observatory after having their tickets scanned. It also allows employees to access the mechanical floors located between the 87th and 101st floors.

1381:, was installed in the lobby ceilings. Subsequent damage to these murals, designed by artist Leif Neandross, resulted in reproductions being installed. Renovations to the lobby in 2009, such as replacing the clock over the information desk in the Fifth Avenue lobby with an 1337:. At the top of each doorway is a bronze motif depicting one of three "crafts or industries" used in the building's construction—Electricity, Masonry, and Heating. The three-story-high space runs parallel to 33rd and 34th Streets. The lobby contains two tiers of marble: a 1217:. Artists such as Eminem and OneRepublic have been featured in later shows, including the building's annual Holiday Music-to-Lights Show. The building's owners adhere to strict standards in using the lights; for instance, they do not use the lights to play advertisements. 764:

have made it a popular attraction. Around four million tourists from around the world annually visit the building's 86th- and 102nd-floor observatories; an additional indoor observatory on the 80th floor opened in 2019. The Empire State Building is an international

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work of accomplishment by newer immigrants. The writer Benjamin Flowers states that the Empire State was "a building intended to celebrate a new America, built by men (both clients and construction workers) who were themselves new Americans." The architectural critic

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tons (650 long tons) of aluminum and stainless steel. The building also contains 6,514 windows. The decorative features on the facade are largely geometric, in contrast with earlier buildings, whose decorations often were intended to represent a specific narrative.

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collectively received 35,000 pieces of mail daily. The Empire State Building celebrated its 50th anniversary on May 1, 1981, with a much-publicized, but poorly received, laser light show, as well as an "Empire State Building Week" that ran through to May 8. The

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captured many photographs of the construction, documenting not only the work itself but also providing insight into the daily life of workers in that era. Hine's images were used extensively by the media to publish daily press releases. According to the writer

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for the first time in the 1950s. At the time, mass transit options in the building's vicinity were limited compared to the present day. Despite this challenge, the Empire State Building began to attract renters due to its reputation. A 222-foot (68 m)

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According to details prepared for the proposed initial public offering of Empire State Realty Trust, the skyscraper earned $ 62.9 million from its observation deck in nine months last year, compared with $ 62.6 million from the rental of office

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spread unfounded rumors of up to 42 deaths. The Empire State Building cost $ 40,948,900 to build (equivalent to $ 661 million in 2023), including demolition of the Waldorf–Astoria. This was lower than the $ 60 million budgeted for construction.

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operated elevators with automatic units in 1966. The little-used western end of the second floor was used as a storage space until 1964, at which point it received escalators to the first floor as part of its conversion into a highly sought retail area.

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in the stock market the previous year, nor Smith, who had no stock investments, suffered financially in the crash. However, most of the investors were affected and as a result, in December 1929, Empire State Inc. obtained a $ 27.5 million loan from

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The program was short enough—a fixed budget, no space more than 28 feet from window to corridor, as many stories of such space as possible, an exterior of limestone, and completion date of , 1931, which meant a year and six months from the beginning of

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and installing two chandeliers intended to be part of the building when it originally opened, revived much of its original grandeur. The north corridor contained eight illuminated panels created in 1963 by Roy Sparkia and Renée Nemorov, in time for the

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In 1932, the Fifth Avenue Association gave the building its 1931 "gold medal" for architectural excellence, signifying that the Empire State had been the best-designed building on Fifth Avenue to open in 1931. A year later, on March 2, 1933, the movie

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which that level's floor area was 25% that of the ground level's area. After that 25% threshold was reached, the building could rise without restriction. The 1916 Zoning Act was amended in 1961 so that buildings erected thereafter could not exceed a

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used the building as an icon to symbolize the city. In a 1932 survey of 50 American architects, fourteen ranked the Empire State Building as the United States' best building; the Empire State Building received more votes than any building except the

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under the pseudonym "T-Square", wrote the same year that the Empire State Building had a "palpably enormous" appeal to the general public, and that "its difference and distinction in the extreme sensitiveness of its entire design". Edmund Wilson of

3252:. On April 25, 2013, a man fell from the 86th floor observation deck, but he landed alive with minor injuries on an 85th-floor ledge where security guards brought him inside and paramedics transferred him to a hospital for a psychiatric evaluation. 1501: 2813:

as "an unusual move for a sovereign wealth fund", as these funds typically buy direct stakes in buildings rather than real estate companies. Other foreign entities that have a stake in the ESRT include investors from Norway, Japan, and Australia.

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began transmitting experimental television broadcasts from a small antenna erected atop the mast, with two separate transmitters for the visual and audio data. They leased the 85th floor and built a laboratory there. In 1934, RCA was joined by

2169:. On one occasion, when a supplier could not provide timely delivery of dark Hauteville marble, Starrett switched to using Rose Famosa marble from a German quarry that was purchased specifically to provide the project with sufficient marble. 1442:

The 80th, 86th, and 102nd floors contain observatories. The latter two observatories saw a combined average of four million visitors per year in 2010. Since opening, the observatories have been more popular than similar observatories at

3233:. A 7-foot (2.1 m) mesh fence was put up around the 86th floor terrace in December 1947 after five people tried to jump during a three-week span in October and November of that year. By then, sixteen people had died from suicide jumps. 2079:

was the construction superintendent of the project, and the structural engineer of the building was Homer G. Balcom. The tight completion schedule necessitated the commencement of construction even though the design had yet to be finalized.

1825:. By the 1920s, the old Waldorf–Astoria was becoming dated and the elegant social life of New York had moved much farther north. Additionally, many stores had opened on Fifth Avenue north of 34th Street. The Astor family decided to build a 3317:

magazine noted that the Empire State Building "seems to completely embody the city it has become synonymous with". The historian John Tauranac called it "'the' twentieth-century New York building", despite the existence of taller and more

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tiles on the lobby floor, which leads from east to west. To the north and south are storefronts, which are flanked by tubes of dark rounded marble and topped by a vertical band of grooves set into the marble. Until the 1960s, there was a

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acting as partners in the building's operating lease. This became the new highest price for a single structure. Over 3,000 people paid $ 10,000 for one share each in a company called Empire State Building Associates. The company in turn

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The original main lobby is accessed from Fifth Avenue, on the building's east side, and is the only place in the building where the design contains narrative motifs. It contains an entrance with one set of double doors between a pair of

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Trade Center in 1971; although the Port Authority continued to pay the broadcasting leases for the Empire State until 1984. The Empire State Building was still seen as prestigious, having seen its forty-millionth visitor in March 1971.

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The Empire State Building officially opened on May 1, 1931, forty-five days ahead of its projected opening date, and eighteen months from the start of construction. The opening was marked with an event featuring United States President

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Dailey, John A. (February 8, 1931). "Fifth Avenue Still Leading Shopping Center: Few Stores Are Available North of Forty-Second St., Recent Survey Indicates $ 3,750 Foot Top Rental Shoe Healers Predominate, There Being 28 Such Shops".

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recalled that the building was so underused in 1936 that there was no elevator service above the 45th floor, as the building above the 41st floor was empty except for the NBC offices and the Raskob/Du Pont offices on the 81st floor.

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A container ship, almost as long as the Empire State Building is high, is blocking transit in both directions through the Suez Canal, one of the world's busiest shipping channels for oil and grain and other trade linking Asia and

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so construction could begin. The stock market crash resulted in no demand for new office space; Raskob and Smith nonetheless started construction, as canceling the project would have resulted in greater losses for the investors.

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electrical wires. It has a total floor area of 2,768,591 sq ft (257,211 m), and each of the floors in the base cover 2 acres (1 ha). This gives the building capacity for 20,000 tenants and 15,000 visitors.

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fixtures, increasing the available colors from nine to over 16 million. The computer-controlled system allows the building to be illuminated in ways that were unable to be done previously with plastic gels. For instance,

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on the 86th floor observation deck during the afternoon of February 23, 1997. He killed one person and wounded six others before committing suicide. Kamal reportedly committed the shooting in response to events happening in

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topped out, taking the Empire State Building's record of tallest in the city. By 2014, the building was owned by the Empire State Realty Trust (ESRT), with Anthony Malkin as chairman, CEO, and president. The ESRT was a

1642:, was re-activated temporarily. By October 2001, nearly all of the city's commercial broadcast stations (both television and FM radio) were again transmitting from the top of the Empire State Building. In a report that 2445:

by releasing water onto the streets below in order to maintain stability, and then tie the craft's nose to the spire with no mooring lines securing the tail end of the craft. On September 15, 1931, a small commercial

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voted to designate the building and its lobby as city landmarks on May 19, 1981, citing the historic nature of the first and second floors, as well as "the fixtures and interior components" of the upper floors. The

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Two people have survived falls by not falling more than a floor. On December 2, 1979, Elvita Adams jumped from the 86th floor, only to be blown back onto a ledge on the 85th floor by a gust of wind and left with a

3660: 1539:, as the airplane's pilot who humorously tried to keep the flight under control during a storm. After the September 11 attacks in 2001, the ride was closed. An updated version debuted in mid-2002, featuring actor 3346:

Early architectural critics also focused on the Empire State Building's exterior ornamentation. Architectural critic Talbot Hamlin wrote in 1931, "That it is the world's tallest building is purely incidental."

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of the building, with the goal of reducing energy emissions by 38% within five years. For example, all of the windows were refurbished onsite into film-coated "superwindows" which block heat but pass light.

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was released in 1933. The building's size has been used as a standard of reference to describe the height and length of other structures. A symbol of New York City, the building has been named as one of the

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the building to another company headed by Helmsley and Wien, raising $ 33 million of the funds needed to pay the purchase price. In a separate transaction, the land underneath the building was sold to

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enthusiasts. The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 ft (320 m) and takes in 1,576 steps. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, achieved by Australian professional cyclist

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The 101st floor was later renamed the 102nd floor and is 101 floors above ground. The former 102nd floor, now the 103rd floor, is now a balcony that is off-limits to the public, and is 102 floors above

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permits preexisting structures to continue under the old rule. Therefore, the Empire State Building's floor area ratio of 25 cannot be duplicated, or even approached, by a new building in that district.

2599:. In 1970, the Empire State surrendered its position as the world's tallest building, when the World Trade Center's still-under-construction North Tower surpassed it, on October 19; the North Tower was 1858:

Bethlehem Engineering Corporation originally intended to build a 25-story office building on the Waldorf–Astoria site. The company's president, Floyd De L. Brown, paid $ 100,000 of the $ 1 million

1608:, continued only until October of the next year due to disputes between RCA and Armstrong. Specifically, NBC wanted to install more TV equipment in the room where Armstrong's transmitter was located. 1034:, a triple-height transom window with geometric patterns, and the golden letters "Empire State" above the fifth-floor windows. There are two entrances each on 33rd and 34th streets, with modernistic, 13315: 1674:, would be built in the meantime with the Empire State Building being used as a "backup" since signal transmissions from the building were generally of poorer quality. Following the construction of 2100:

By the time the hotel's demolition started, Raskob had secured the required funding for the construction of the building. The plan was to start construction later that year but, on October 24, the

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bomber, piloted in thick fog by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith Jr., crashed into the north side of the Empire State Building between the 79th and 80th floors (then the offices of the

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operating costs on hot days were reduced, saving $ 17 million of the project's capital cost immediately and partially funding some of the other retrofits. The Empire State Building won the

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At the beginning of 1931, Fifth Avenue was experiencing high demand for storefront space, with only 12 of 224 stores being unoccupied. The Empire State Building, along with 500 Fifth Avenue and

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After some time, the 85th floor became home to RCA's New York television operations initially as experimental station W2XBS channel 1 then, from 1941, as commercial station WNBT channel 1 (now

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The storefronts on the first floor contain aluminum-framed doors and windows within a black granite cladding. The second through fourth stories consist of windows alternating with wide stone

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endorsed the landmark status. The building became a National Historic Landmark in 1986 in close alignment with the New York City Landmarks report. The Empire State Building was added to the

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A year later, on July 24, 1946, another airplane narrowly missed striking the building. The unidentified twin-engine plane scraped past the observation deck, frightening the tourists there.

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The project involved more than 3,500 workers at its peak, including 3,439 on a single day, August 14, 1930. Many of the workers were Irish and Italian immigrants, with a sizable minority of

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located at the 21st, 25th, 30th, 72nd, 81st, and 85th stories. The setbacks correspond to the tops of elevator shafts, allowing interior spaces to be at most 28 feet (8.5 m) deep (see

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In addition to lightings, the Empire State Building is able to do immersive visual projections on the building's exterior. It partnered with Netflix in May 2022 to celebrate the return of

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balloon was attached to the spire in 1983 to mark the 50th anniversary of the character's introduction, and am inflatable dragon was placed on the spire in 2024 to promote the TV series

16991: 13049: 3203:. On December 16, 1943, William Lloyd Rambo jumped to his death from the 86th floor, landing amidst Christmas shoppers on the street below. In the early morning of September 27, 1946, 2498:

Despite the turnaround in the building's fortunes, Raskob listed it for sale in 1951, with a minimum asking price of $ 50 million. The property was purchased by business partners

2788: 3464:, contains the "Empire Tower", a 47-story replica of the Empire State Building. A portion of the hotel's interior was also designed to resemble the Empire State Building's interior. 2624:

original windows were actually red. The improvements also entailed replacing alarm systems, elevators, windows, and air conditioning; making the observation deck compliant with the

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airship circled 25 times in 45-mile-per-hour (72 km/h) winds. The airship then attempted to dock at the mast, but its ballast spilled and the craft was rocked by unpredictable

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enacted strict regulations regarding flying over New York City, setting a minimum flying altitude of 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level regardless of the weather conditions.

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took up tenancy, leasing space on the 85th floor for radio broadcasts. From the outset the building was in debt, losing $ 1 million per year by 1935. Real estate developer

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The longest world record held by the Empire State Building was for the tallest skyscraper (to structural height), which it held for 42 years until it was surpassed by the

18775: 15085: 1105:, which were four times as bright as the 1,000 incandescent lights they were to replace. New red, white, and blue metal-halide lights were installed in time for the country's 1634:

The September 11 attacks destroyed the World Trade Center and the broadcast centers atop it, leaving most of the city's stations without a transmitter for ten days until the

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canopies projecting from the entrances on 33rd and 34th streets there. Above the secondary entrances are triple windows, less elaborate in design than those on Fifth Avenue.

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Architectural critics also wrote negatively of the mast, especially in light of its failure to become a real air terminal. Chappell called the mast "a silly gesture", and

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As the tallest building in the world and the first one to exceed 100 floors, the Empire State Building immediately became an icon of the city and of the nation. In 2013,

2213: 16624: 15258: 10654: 9184:"Greatest Skyscraper Rises On A Clockwork Schedule; The Empire State Building Soars Upward, As a Modern Army Daily, Defeats Time, Far Above the Throngs on Fifth Avenue" 2454:. The near-disaster scuttled plans to turn the building's spire into an airship terminal, although one blimp did manage to make a single newspaper delivery afterward. 1511:

A 360° panoramic view of New York City from the 86th-floor observation deck in spring 2005. East River is to the left, Hudson River to the right, south is near center.

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to the public in August 1929. Concurrently, Smith announced the construction of an 80-story building on the site, to be taller than any other buildings in existence.

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of 1946, as well as the insertion of retroactive provisions into the law, allowing people to sue the government for the incident. Also as a result of the crash, the

13120: 2742:, a notorious New York bank robber. The newspaper then transferred the deed back over to the legitimate owners, who at that time were Empire State Land Associates. 19979: 18784: 12847: 13297: 6745: 6580: 2112:. Despite the economic downturn, Raskob refused to cancel the project because of the progress that had been made up to that point. Neither Raskob, who had ceased 9612: 6848: 5656: 2178: 12945: 12073: 2648: 5828: 1631:, as well as pay the broadcasters' leases in the Empire State Building until 1984. Only a few broadcasters renewed their leases in the Empire State Building. 16981: 16307: 2843: 2664: 5707: 4151: 3207:

Marine Douglas W. Brashear Jr. jumped from the 76th-floor window of the Grant Advertising Agency; police found his shoes 50 feet (15 m) from his body.

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channel 4). NBC's FM station, W2XDG, began transmitting from the antenna in 1940. NBC retained exclusive use of the top of the building until 1950 when the

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The Empire State Building Run-Up, a foot race from ground level to the 86th-floor observation deck, has been held annually since 1978. It is organized by

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Throughout its history, the Empire State Building has welcomed celebrities, royalty, and dignitaries to visit the observation deck. From celebrities like

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both of the passengers in the cabin at the time were only slightly injured. After the fall, building inspectors reviewed all of the building's elevators.

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in 1994. Ron Miller, in a 2010 book, also described the Empire State Building as one of the "seven wonders of engineering". It has often been called the

14910: 11631: 2791:' Excellence in Environment Award for 2010. For the LEED Gold certification, the building's energy reduction was considered, as was a large purchase of 164: 18768: 16047: 11456: 8148: 13274: 12491: 9608: 6539: 1943:

of construction. Design drawings and construction were concurrent. Steel drawings were completed in mid-January 1930, when foundations were underway.

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that was calculated for each zoning district. The maximum ratio for the Empire State Building's district is 15, unless it includes a public plaza. A

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required to start construction on the building, with the promise that the difference would be paid later. Brown borrowed $ 900,000 from a bank but

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The five-story base as seen from Fifth Avenue, with the main entrance at center. The Empire State Building sets back significantly above the base.

17403: 16976: 16773: 11597: 9943: 3326: 2617: 2392:, were expected to add a combined 11 stores. The office space was less successful, as the Empire State Building's opening had coincided with the 893: 793: 15206: 11933: 11089: 10807: 6035: 5533: 5453: 1213:

electoral votes respectively. Also, on November 26, 2012, the building had its first synchronized light show, using music from recording artist

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Most sources state that there are 102 floors, but some give a figure of 103 floors due to the presence of a balcony above the 102nd floor. See

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and sold the hotel to Bethlehem Engineering Corporation in 1928 for $ 14–16 million. The hotel closed shortly thereafter on May 3, 1929.

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ape that climbs the Empire State Building during the film's climax, bringing the building into the popular imagination. Later movies such as

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in a cooperative venture to test his FM system from the building's antenna. This setup, which entailed the installation of the world's first

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handed over day-to-day operations of the building in 2006 to Peter Malkin's company. In 2008, the building was temporarily "stolen" by the

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to make 66 cars that could speed at 1,200 feet per minute (366 m/min), which represented the largest-ever elevator order at the time.

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estimated that a building with the Empire State's dimensions would still stand even if hit with an impact of 50 short tons (45 long tons).

13388: 12858:. Retrieved on October 15, 2012. "New York AIR CHINA Ltd.(New York) Empire State Building 350 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6905 New York, NY 10118" 12574: 6899: 1870:

After Brown was unable to secure additional funding, the land was resold to Empire State Inc., a group of wealthy investors that included

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alleging the negligent destruction of the paintings and damage to her reputation as an artist. As part of the building's 2010 renovation,

19994: 19949: 19201: 17248: 13944: 13185: 12002: 7362: 6873: 4491: 2518:, which was completed in 1953. Crown bought out his partners' ownership stakes in 1954, becoming the sole owner. The following year, the 12628: 5603: 3409:

refers to the building as an "icon of American design". Additionally, in 2007, the Empire State Building was first on the AIA's List of

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The Empire State Building is located within the 10001 zip code area, but 10118 has been assigned as the building's own zip code by the

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ran past a guard in the enclosed 102nd-floor gallery on November 3, 1932, and jumped a gate leading to an outdoor catwalk intended for

2867: 2700: 2580:, as well as Wien's Committee for a Reasonable World Trade Center. In response to Wien's opposition, Port Authority executive director 1971: 715: 506: 14340: 11340: 1914:, to create the building design. Lamb produced the initial building design in just two weeks using the firm's earlier designs for the 20019: 19984: 18742: 17303: 15879: 13005: 6312: 3650: 3260:

Two fatal shootings have occurred in the direct vicinity of the Empire State Building. Abu Kamal, a 69-year-old Palestinian teacher,

2565: 1624: 1121:. The spire can also be lit to commemorate events including disasters, anniversaries, or deaths, as well as for celebrations such as 1069:

between each floor. The windows are placed within stainless-steel frames, which saved money by eliminating the need to apply a stone

872:, a neighborhood with a mix of residential, commercial, and entertainment activity. The block directly to the northeast contains the 12869: 12195: 11877: 2584:

said that Wien was only opposing the project because it would overshadow his Empire State Building as the world's tallest building.

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Building remained popular with 3.5 million visitors to the observatories in 2004, compared to about 2.8 million in 2003.

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Despite the damage and loss of life, many floors were open two days later. The crash helped spur the passage of the long-pending

2851: 2625: 2596: 14454: 12466: 10877: 10695: 7490: 694:. The building has a roof height of 1,250 feet (380 m) and stands a total of 1,454 feet (443.2 m) tall, including its 19676: 18951: 16763: 16040: 15674: 15176: 13606: 12931: 10671: 2887: 2871: 2704: 2628:(ADA); and refurbishing the limestone facade. The observation deck renovation was added after disability rights groups and the 2588: 1999: 921: 757: 703: 12522: 12416: 11161:"355 Million World Trade Center Backed by Port Authority Study; 355 Million World Trade Center Backed by Port Authority Study" 2495:

was erected on top of the towers starting in 1950, allowing the area's television stations to be broadcast from the building.

2411:, which, when combined with the Empire State Building, resulted in surplus of office space in a slow market during the 1930s. 17006: 16986: 16914: 15826: 15805: 15781: 15760: 15736: 15707: 15688: 15664: 15645: 15619: 15590: 15535: 15516: 15466: 15445: 15424: 15396: 15375: 15352: 15331: 15310: 15289: 15268: 15247: 14790: 14182: 14118: 13513: 9694: 9543: 8649: 7933: 7787: 7522: 7162: 7128: 7095: 7037: 6926: 6110: 5897: 5682: 4730: 4693: 4645: 4640: 4573: 4085: 3138: 3128: 2950: 2462: 2393: 1109:

that July. After the bicentennial, Helmsley retained the new lights due to the reduced maintenance cost, about $ 116 a year.

889: 14753: 14317: 13828: 11688: 9609:"Lewis Wickes Hine: The Construction of the Empire State Building, 1930–31 (New York Public Library Photography Collection)" 6417: 2201:

during a ceremony attended by thousands. The stone contained a box with contemporary artifacts including the previous day's

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hotel had 1,300 bedrooms, making it the largest hotel in the world at the time. After the death of its founding proprietor,

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Gross, Charles; Piper, Tinka Markham; Bucciarelli, Angela; Tardiff, Kenneth; Vlahov, David; Galea, Sandro (November 2007).

10840: 8050:"Coleman Du Pont Purchases The Waldorf–Astoria; Sale of Hotel Announced by George C. Boldt, Who Relinquishes Control Today" 6714: 4178: 3335: 2032:

to include a 16-story, 200-foot (61 m) metal "crown" and an additional 222-foot (68 m) mooring mast intended for

1987: 1899: 797: 477: 12548: 12228: 11809: 2345:. An account from that day stated that the view from the luncheon was obscured by a fog, with other landmarks such as the 19293: 19166: 19136: 19126: 17925: 17396: 16873: 16863: 16848: 14666:"Architects Pick 'Finest' Buildings; Lincoln Memorial Placed First, Empire State Building Second, Nebraska Capitol Third" 13128: 12360: 11713: 10605: 9878:"Empire Tower Wins 1931 Fifth Av. Prize; Association Gives Its Medal and Diploma for Building's Architectural Excellence" 7393: 5381: 3441: 3277: 3261: 2629: 2519: 1814: 781: 12844: 8303:"Smith To Help Build Highest Skyscraper; Ex-Governor Heads Group That Will Put 80-Story Office Building on Waldorf Site" 7811: 6762: 1418:

The Empire State Building has 73 elevators in all, including service elevators. Its original 64 elevators, built by the

1049:. The fifth story contains windows alternating with wide and narrow mullions, and is topped by a horizontal stone sill. 19379: 18860: 18489: 18418: 18383: 17688: 17348: 16182: 15986: 15954: 12763: 7419: 3457: 3410: 2839: 2569: 2557: 1294:. The amount of material used in the building's construction resulted in a very stiff structure when compared to other 1137: 789: 707: 699: 95: 14373: 9302:"Smith Lays Stone For Tallest Tower; 5,000 Witness Ceremony as Former Governor Wields Trowel at Empire State Building" 2019:, realized that his tower's height would exceed the Empire State Building's as well, having instructed his architect, 627: 20024: 20014: 19344: 18433: 17583: 17276: 16033: 15411: 14400: 14255: 13918: 13342: 13207: 12665: 11662: 10077: 6267: 3699:

The tenants' entrance is located at 350 Fifth Avenue, while the visitors' entrance is located at 20 West 34th Street.

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While plans for the Empire State Building were being finalized, an intense competition in New York for the title of "

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commissioned a work consisting of 15,000 stars and 5,000 circles, superimposed on a 13-by-5-foot (4.0 by 1.5 m)

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in 2007. Additionally, the Empire State Building and its ground-floor interior were designated city landmarks by the

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noted that the Empire State Building "is famous for being tall, but it is good enough to be famous for being good."

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at the top. They were first used in November 1932 when they lit up to signal Roosevelt's victory over Hoover in the

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magazine wrote of the steelworkers: "Like little spiders they toiled, spinning a fabric of steel against the sky".

1234: 1230: 1210: 1206: 785: 17: 12905: 12305: 11979: 11382: 9004:"Excavating Finished For Smith Building; Steel Construction on Empire State Structure Here Will Begin on March 15" 2795:. Other factors included low-flow bathroom fixtures, green cleaning supplies, and use of recycled paper products. 19798: 19793: 19278: 19233: 18449: 17831: 17727: 17578: 17170: 16733: 16728: 16478: 16197: 4159: 4131: 3289: 2940: 2719:

Even though she maintained her ownership stake in the building until the post-consolidation IPO in October 2013,

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stations had signed 15-year leases in the building by May 2003. It was expected that a taller broadcast tower in

1628: 742: 13151: 12196:"2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo – Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future?" 11302: 9079:"Standards For Steel Eased In New City Law; Bill Signed by Walker Allows 18,000-Pound Stress to the Square Inch" 6491: 2882:

reached a greater height in April 2012. As of 2022, it is the seventh-tallest building in New York City and the

19929: 19898: 19773: 19575: 19091: 18702: 18617: 18085: 17909: 17613: 17389: 16909: 16718: 16568: 13451: 5150: 3204: 2552: 2514:. That same year, six news companies formed a partnership to pay a combined annual fee of $ 600,000 to use the 1532: 1508: 1290:

steel frame of the building was originally designed to handle all of the building's gravitational stresses and

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alongside the traditional seven. The building's owners installed a series of paintings by the New York artist

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The Empire State Building's Art Deco design is typical of pre–World War II architecture in New York City. The

19954: 19863: 19040: 18373: 17737: 17668: 17412: 16858: 16788: 16713: 16397: 14936: 13459: 13260: 8891:"Approves $ 27,500,000 For Smith Project; Metropolitan Life Grants Loan to the Empire State Building Company" 6684: 4632: 4029: 3090: 3084: 2961: 2011:

race was defined by at least five other proposals, although only the Empire State Building would survive the

1919: 1347: 647: 12819: 10808:"Deal Is Closed On Empire State; Col. Henry Crown Increases His Ownership to 100% in Famed Office Structure" 10729: 4885:"Smith Skyscraper Has a Novel Design; Setbacks of the Empire State Building Will Begin With the Sixth Story" 3924:"Empire State Tower, Tallest In World, Is Opened By Hoover; The Highest Structure Raised By The Hand Of Man" 3519:(1996) also prominently featured the building. The building has also been featured in other works, such as " 1144:. On January 13, 2012, the building was lit in red, orange, and yellow to honor the 60th anniversary of the 19655: 19503: 19106: 18990: 18647: 18125: 17118: 16670: 16432: 16357: 15906: 13672: 13024: 12499: 11493: 11224: 11053: 3712: 3515: 3444:

also declared the building "A Modern Civil Engineering Wonder of the United States" in 1958 and one of the

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Prudential sold the land under the building in 1991 for $ 42 million to a buyer representing hotelier

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style. The Empire State Building is 1,250 ft (381 m) tall to its 102nd floor, or 1,453 feet

687: 157: 15944: 13472: 12261: 8804:"Razing Of Waldorf Started By Smith; Ceremony on Roof Marks the Beginning of Demolition of Historic Hotel" 8516:"Enlarges Site For 1,000-Foot Building; Empire State Adds 75 Feet in 33d Street to the Waldorf Hotel Plot" 1468: 710:

in 2001, the Empire State Building was New York City's tallest building until it was surpassed in 2012 by

19833: 19818: 19508: 19389: 19238: 18428: 17673: 17648: 17193: 17155: 17042: 16758: 16604: 16532: 16372: 16242: 16187: 16142: 16137: 15210: 14198: 14137: 13632: 12074:"Making Sense of New York, From 86 Stories Up; Views From the Empire State Building, Mapped Out in Steel" 11160: 10909: 10487: 9877: 9805: 9403: 9367: 9301: 9183: 9078: 9003: 8760: 8515: 8049: 6931: 5577: 5410: 5205: 4530: 4496: 3923: 3100: 1361: 963: 877: 31: 13974: 13758: 12689: 11257: 10993: 10945: 10307: 9944:"Few Shops Vacant on Fifth Avenue; Survey Discloses Only Twelve Stores Available in the Business Blocks" 9841: 9114: 8938: 8890: 8803: 8302: 8026:. Vol. 59–62 (Public domain ed.). The American Architect and Building News Company. p. 3. 4884: 4346: 1026:

The main entrance, composed of three sets of metal doors, is at the center of the facade's Fifth Avenue

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magazine wrote in 1958 that the Empire State's height would be taller than the combined heights of the

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The earliest tenants in the Empire State Building were large companies, banks, and garment industries.

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magazine and is often referred to as "The Most Beautiful Suicide". It was later used by visual artist

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in the late 2000s and early 2010s, some TV stations began moving their transmitting facilities there.

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The areas surrounding the Empire State Building are home to other major points of interest, including

19828: 19542: 19535: 19288: 19111: 18707: 18632: 18423: 18090: 17732: 17608: 17598: 17078: 16868: 16853: 16427: 16207: 15856: 14634:"Empire State Building Ranked Second in U. S.: Fifty Architects Put Lincoln Memorial First in Vote". 6216: 5457: 3389: 3195:

over the years by jumping from the upper parts of the building, with most attempts being successful.

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Inflatable objects have sometimes been mounted to the spire for promotional purposes. For example, a

1399: 1070: 723: 14724: 10910:"Empire State Sold; Price Is 65 Million; Empire State Building Bought By Syndicate for $ 65,000,000" 5829:"Empire State Building Light Show: LED Display Synchronized To Two Alicia Keys Songs Over Manhattan" 5054: 2564:

In 1961, the same year that Helmsley, Wien, and Malkin had purchased the Empire State Building, the

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Over 350 guests attended the opening ceremony, and following luncheon, at the 86th floor including

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The Architecture of New York City: Histories and Views of Important Structures, Sites, and Symbols

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resulting in some broadcasters relocating to the newer towers instead of suing the developer, the

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Because of the building's iconic status, it and other Midtown landmarks are common locations for

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The Empire State Building in 1932. The building's antenna was installed 21 years later, in 1953.

1846: 19868: 19778: 19698: 19693: 19686: 19633: 19530: 19466: 19399: 19253: 18890: 18812: 18667: 18587: 18567: 18408: 18120: 17930: 17628: 17366: 17165: 17032: 16778: 16723: 16273: 16252: 16003: 14512: 6167: 6165: 5889: 3548: 3153: 3027: 2879: 2799: 2766: 2487: 2479: 2218: 2094: 1991: 1939: 1935: 1822: 1675: 1643: 1601: 1031: 987: 975: 967: 869: 845:, 10118; as of 2012, it is one of 43 buildings in New York City that have their own ZIP codes. 711: 572: 535: 15476: 15342: 15279: 13960: 9684: 7777: 7512: 7370: 6877: 6257: 4505: 2878:

in Chicago. The Empire State Building remained the tallest building in New York until the new

1655: 1492: 19959: 19873: 19843: 19595: 19486: 19334: 19101: 19015: 18937: 18682: 18657: 18504: 18110: 18060: 17992: 17683: 17175: 17037: 17027: 16783: 16738: 16685: 16675: 16614: 16227: 15456: 15416: 15386: 15237: 14780: 14647: 14543: 14491: 14108: 14074: 13503: 12632: 12199: 9987: 7923: 7454:"To promote House of Dragon, the Empire State Building displays a 270-foot inflatable dragon" 7152: 5607: 5482: 4183: 3503: 3489: 3437: 2916: 2451: 2368: 2338: 2256: 2238: 1806: 881: 771: 16025: 15435: 15388:

Telecommunications: Many Broadcasters Will Not Meet May 2002 Digital Television Dtv Deadline

13975:"Killed in 57-Story Fall; Carpenter's Death at Empire State Building Believed to Be Suicide" 12331:"Empire State Realty Trust Announces $ 622 Million Investment by Qatar Investment Authority" 11932: 11344: 10670: 10394:

Reingold, Lester A. (July 2000). "Airships and the Empire State Building—Fact and Fiction".

9368:"Workers Raise Flag 1,048 Feet Above Fifth Av. As Steel Frame of Smith Building Is Finished" 7278: 7202: 6761: 6579: 6538: 6220: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6162: 5778: 4596: 4309: 3371:

called it "a public comfort station for migratory birds". Nevertheless, architecture critic

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wrote that the building's neutral color palette made it "New York's handsomest skyscraper".

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building. Although the 18,000-psi regulation had been safely enacted in other cities, Mayor

19893: 19719: 19461: 19010: 18878: 18824: 18687: 18577: 18552: 18206: 17663: 17573: 17538: 17533: 17457: 17160: 17093: 16967: 16883: 16458: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16122: 11844:"Helmsley, In a Countersuit Against Trump, Alleges a Conspiracy as Big as the Empire State" 8149:"Catharine Street as Select Shopping Centre Recalled in Lord & Taylor's Coming Removal" 7779:

High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology

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around the windows. In addition, the use of aluminum spandrels obviated the need for cross-

950: 885: 861: 416: 18929: 10488:"Moors to Empire State; Small Dirigible Makes Brief Contact While Traffic Is Jammed Below" 10199: 7029: 4238: 4236: 4234: 2282:. According to official accounts, five workers died during the construction, although the 2245:

34th Streets, and then storing the materials in the building's first floor and basements.

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in the concourse level. Johnson later filed a federal lawsuit, in January 2014, under the

1324: 698:. The Empire State Building was the world's tallest building until the first tower of the 8: 19643: 19580: 19441: 19436: 18469: 17883: 17568: 17496: 16680: 16468: 16312: 16302: 16192: 16172: 16157: 16112: 15883: 12725: 7680: 6189: 4466: 3803: 3632: 3544: 3520: 3422: 3319: 3105: 2967: 2955: 2755: 2725: 2064: 1927: 1810: 1667: 1583: 1303: 1261: 1162:, the building was lit in purple and gold, signifying the colors of his former team, the 1094: 1058: 1042: 14435: 7950: 7643: 6177: 6126: 6006: 5994: 2834:

Height comparison of several New York City buildings, with Empire State second from left

769:: it has been featured in more than 250 television series and films since the film 19883: 19878: 19783: 19768: 19681: 19525: 19354: 19298: 19248: 19186: 18830: 18753: 18652: 18612: 18459: 18221: 18025: 17945: 17643: 17588: 17312: 17150: 16634: 16342: 16337: 16257: 16247: 16232: 16222: 15795: 15771: 15634: 15579: 15406: 13895: 13862: 13569:

YWCA of the U.S.A. Empire State Building, Suite 301 350 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10118

11636: 10777: 9767: 8768: 6849:"Inside the Empire State Building's New Interactive Museum, The Observatory Experience" 6288: 5882: 4231: 3753: 3531: 3484: 3428: 3012: 2982: 2620:(LPC) voted to designate the building and its lobby as city landmarks on May 19, 1981, 2447: 2404: 2380:

climbing the Empire State Building, made the still-new building into a cinematic icon.

1979: 1962: 1805:, who had owned the site since the mid-1820s. In 1893, John Jacob Astor Sr.'s grandson 1777: 1651: 1639: 1448: 1163: 1053: 991: 901: 15752:

Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings-Revised and Updated

15508:

High Steel: The Daring Men Who Built the World's Greatest Skyline, 1881 to the Present

14591: 14550: 13098: 2769:(seen in the distance) surpassed the Empire State Building's height on April 30, 2012. 2474: 2161:

made possible through precise coordination of the building's planning, as well as the

19858: 19848: 19823: 19668: 19585: 19498: 19493: 19476: 19471: 19161: 19055: 19030: 19020: 19005: 18884: 18597: 18499: 18363: 18080: 18015: 17935: 17638: 17593: 17330: 17285: 16583: 16437: 16382: 16056: 15899: 15850: 15822: 15801: 15777: 15756: 15732: 15726: 15703: 15684: 15660: 15641: 15615: 15596: 15586: 15541: 15531: 15512: 15462: 15441: 15420: 15392: 15371: 15364: 15348: 15327: 15323:

Skyscraper: The Politics and Power of Building New York City in the Twentieth Century

15306: 15285: 15264: 15243: 14962: 14930: 14866:"Massive coral reef taller than the Empire State Building found off Australian coast" 14786: 14673: 14639: 14462: 14348: 14251: 14209: 14178: 14148: 14114: 14082: 13985: 13952: 13900: 13882: 13836: 13803: 13769: 13643: 13509: 13423: 13254: 12700: 12661: 12167: 12081: 12047: 12010: 11924: 11885: 11851: 11817: 11784: 11721: 11605: 11568: 11531: 11464: 11438: 11390: 11268: 11232: 11171: 11135: 11097: 11061: 11004: 10956: 10920: 10815: 10793: 10703: 10662: 10613: 10498: 10473: 10318: 10308:"British Flier, On Wedding Trip, Gets Bond As 5,000,000th Empire State Tower Visitor" 10207: 10170: 10083: 10073: 9951: 9888: 9852: 9816: 9779: 9690: 9539: 9414: 9378: 9312: 9194: 9125: 9089: 9014: 8949: 8901: 8814: 8707: 8645: 8526: 8313: 8156: 8111: 8060: 7929: 7819: 7783: 7696: 7622: 7518: 7427: 7194: 7158: 7124: 7091: 7033: 6966: 6753: 6696: 6571: 6530: 6359: 6320: 6263: 6228: 6106: 6069: 5893: 5770: 5421: 5389: 5158: 4895: 4726: 4689: 4604: 4541: 4354: 4301: 4081: 4023: 3934: 3640: 3017: 2530: 2346: 2144: 2135: 2007: 1915: 1883: 1864: 1647: 1485: 1308: 1298:, with a structural stiffness of 42 pounds per square foot (2.0 kPa) versus the 1274: 1189: 1102: 1011: 641: 85: 15184: 15114:"Kylie Jenner And 19 Other Celebs Spotted Visiting New York's Empire State Building" 14575:

The New International Yearbook: A Compendium of the World's Progress for the Year...

13610: 13235:"Reds Go Green: Chinese Communist Party Newspaper Signs Empire State Building Lease" 7514:

The Federal Communications Commission: Front Line in the Culture and Regulation Wars

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National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets

3244:

passengers. He landed and died on the roof of the 86th floor observation promenade.

2529:

signed a contract to purchase the Empire State Building for $ 65 million, with

1030:, flanked by molded piers that are topped with eagles. Above the main entrance is a 974:. The five-story base occupies the entire lot, while the 81-story shaft above it is 19638: 19456: 19451: 19431: 19421: 19416: 19411: 19404: 19394: 19384: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19263: 19243: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19171: 19151: 19141: 19131: 19121: 19116: 19096: 19045: 18818: 18677: 18494: 18403: 18211: 18201: 18105: 18020: 17982: 17899: 17862: 17826: 17633: 17528: 17103: 16743: 16537: 16527: 16352: 16347: 16132: 16127: 15497: 15493: 13890: 13874: 12575:"Empire State Building's Art Deco Spire Returns in All Its Glory After Restoration" 12283: 11364: 11362: 10781: 10461: 8695: 7952:

The Planning of the Modern City: A Review of the Principles Governing City Planning

7684: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7239: 4046: 3749: 3461: 3426:

listed it as part of one of the "seven wonders of the modern world" in 1931, while

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to reduce the number of broadcast stations using the Empire State Building. Eleven

1536: 1522: 1459: 1167: 1118: 995: 761: 746: 691: 122: 15611:

Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings: Steel and Composite Construction

15566: 15554: 7272: 6564:"3.3 Million Were Expected at Trade Center Attraction; A Million Haven't Shown Up" 6385: 5303: 4968: 4966: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 3578:. Its participants are referred to both as runners and as climbers, and are often 2906:

As of 2013, the building housed around 1,000 businesses. Current tenants include:

2842:

of the World Trade Center in October 1970. The Empire State Building was also the

994:, the building's form contrasted with the nearly contemporary, similarly designed 19838: 18995: 18557: 18055: 18050: 17841: 17789: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17543: 17512: 17294: 16753: 16639: 16367: 16317: 15935: 15750: 15678: 15609: 15506: 15321: 15300: 15016: 14757: 14651: 14573: 14309: 13455: 12987: 12851: 12655: 11321: 10856: 9991: 9533: 8691: 8639: 7576: 7551: 7118: 7085: 7060: 7022: 6100: 5406: 4569: 4221: 4219: 4075: 3661:

List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets

3398: 3372: 3313: 3237: 3221: 2855: 2592: 2581: 2573: 2301: 2162: 2016: 1931: 1907: 1891: 1813:, opened the 16-story Astoria Hotel on an adjacent site. The two portions of the 1785: 1663: 1635: 1571: 1257: 1182: 1122: 1114: 1035: 695: 406: 118: 15746: 14283:

Stepansky, Joseph; Kemp, Joe; Calcano, Bryan; Beekman, Daniel (April 25, 2013).

14177:. Compass American Guides (4th ed.). Compass American Guides. p. 160. 11359: 8019: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7236: 6900:"Empire State Building Tickets – Observatory and Optional Skip the Line Tickets" 5657:"Photos: Landmarks Light Up Purple, Gold to Remember Lifelong Laker Kobe Bryant" 4112: 19000: 18712: 18672: 18607: 18115: 17904: 17805: 17773: 17623: 17321: 17108: 16217: 16107: 16102: 14513:"Empire State Building—Accompanying 7 Photos, Exterior and Interior, From 1978" 13050:"Helios and Matheson Moved Principal Executive Office to Empire State Building" 10860: 10567: 10547: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10519: 10457: 10429: 10409: 7897: 6653: 4963: 4913: 4802: 4117: 3807: 3353: 3200: 2804: 2720: 2679: 2577: 2486:

By the 1940s, the Empire State Building was 98 percent occupied. The structure

2326: 2288: 2246: 2152: 2130: 2090: 2076: 2003: 1879: 1419: 1334: 865: 392: 13878: 12440:"How Designers Keep You Calm in Long Queues (It Sometimes Involves Elephants)" 4410:"14 Weird Facts That You Probably Didn't Know About the Empire State Building" 4260:"Gunman Shoots Former Co-Worker Near Empire State Building, Is Shot by Police" 4216: 2822:

restoration work took place at night. The project was completed by late 2020.

19923: 19268: 19208: 19050: 18642: 18388: 18286: 18216: 18065: 17846: 17768: 17098: 16768: 16649: 16644: 16629: 16619: 16442: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16117: 16073: 16060: 15875: 15791: 15629: 14966: 14846:"Singapore Transport Minister Says Suez Block May Disrupt Supplies to Region" 14677: 14643: 14466: 14352: 14213: 14152: 14086: 13989: 13956: 13886: 13840: 13807: 13773: 13647: 13427: 12755: 12704: 12467:"See Inside the New Empire State Building Mini Museum Showcasing Its History" 12171: 12085: 12051: 12014: 11928: 11889: 11855: 11821: 11788: 11725: 11609: 11572: 11535: 11468: 11394: 11272: 11236: 11175: 11139: 11101: 11065: 11008: 10960: 10924: 10819: 10707: 10666: 10617: 10502: 10322: 10211: 10174: 9955: 9892: 9856: 9820: 9418: 9382: 9316: 9198: 9129: 9093: 9018: 8953: 8905: 8818: 8530: 8317: 8160: 8115: 8064: 7823: 7655: 7431: 7363:"Here's The View From The Private 103rd Balcony of the Empire State Building" 7198: 6970: 6757: 6575: 6534: 6463:"Empire State Building's 80th Floor Renovations Offer New Visitor Experience" 6363: 6324: 6232: 6073: 5774: 5510: 5425: 5393: 5162: 4899: 4608: 4545: 4358: 4305: 3938: 3579: 3368: 3211: 3145: 3047: 3022: 2945: 2792: 2754:

The Empire State Building lit in blue and white annually for commencement at

2739: 2492: 2458: 2420: 2316: 2268: 2229: 2174: 2060: 1951: 1930:, which was being constructed at the same time. Concurrently, Lamb's partner 1407: 1341:

of darker marble, topped by lighter marble. There is a pattern of zigzagging

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died, September 9, 2024, the building was lit up to look like Jones's iconic

1130: 1098: 939: 853: 833: 825: 766: 675: 667: 179: 166: 16522: 16012: 15600: 15545: 12604:"Restoration of the Empire State Building's Art Deco Crown Nears Completion" 12492:"King Kong Returns To The Empire State Building Inside New Immersive Museum" 11747:"Donald Trump's Failed and Fraught Attempt to Own the Empire State Building" 10516: 10087: 6638: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5708:"How Netflix and Giant Spoon Turned the Empire State Building 'Upside Down'" 5491: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5035: 1185:

fourth season by projecting the Upside Down onto the Empire State Building.

19628: 18961: 18902: 18806: 18800: 18627: 18622: 18464: 18398: 18378: 18070: 18040: 18035: 17961: 17878: 17810: 17678: 17068: 17063: 17058: 16237: 15816: 14888: 13904: 13581: 8939:"Steel Contract Let; Empire State Building to Require Total of 50,000 Tons" 7336:"Inaccessible New York: Up To The 103rd Floor Of The Empire State Building" 6603: 4716: 4679: 3555: 3433: 3236:

Only one person has jumped from the upper observatory. Frederick Eckert of

3032: 2997: 2875: 2708: 2674: 2334: 2329:, who turned on the building's lights with the ceremonial button push from 2157: 2072: 1967: 1923: 1887: 1860: 1818: 1802: 1591:

Broadcasting began at the Empire State Building on December 22, 1931, when

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The structure was lit in red, white, and blue for several months after the

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424 ft (129.2 m) east–west; 187 ft (57.0 m) north–south

143: 15818:

Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon

15564: 14441: 14401:"The Empire State Building: A City Icon Turns 82 Amid Battle to Go Public" 10225: 8452: 6822:"Exclusive Look Inside the Empire State Building's $ 160 Million Makeover" 6398: 6200: 6183: 6171: 6135: 6021: 6000: 5734:"Bathed in New Lights, Empire State Building Will Star in More Vivid Show" 4951: 4242: 3769: 20000:

Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan

19648: 19623: 19303: 19273: 18662: 18592: 18520: 18454: 18226: 18146: 18045: 18030: 17836: 17113: 16827: 16708: 16377: 14603: 13556: 11561:"Streetscapes: The Empire State Building; A Red Reprise for a '31 Wonder" 5977: 5950: 5553:"LOOK: Empire State Building lights up blue and orange for Islanders win" 5084: 3540: 3536: 3498: 3226: 2600: 2503: 2373: 2198: 2193: 2113: 2071:. The project was financed primarily by Raskob and Pierre du Pont, while 1830: 1681:

As of 2021, the Empire State Building is home to the following stations:

1540: 1378: 1338: 1214: 1171: 1155: 1086: 897: 15458:

Icons of American Architecture: From the Alamo to the World Trade Center

15177:"NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions" 12387:"Qatar's Empire State Building Investment Is Rare Move for Foreign Fund" 7874: 5011: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4467:"One World Trade Center Won't Get an Exclusive Zip Code: USPS Officials" 3214:

leapt to her death from the 86th floor observation deck and landed on a

2750: 2522:

named the building one of the "Seven Modern Civil Engineering Wonders".

2075:'s General Builders Supply Corporation supplied the building materials. 1306:'s 26 pounds per square foot (1.2 kPa). A December 1930 feature in 1061:. The windows in each bay are separated by vertical nickel-chrome steel 1018: 998:

eight blocks north, which had an asymmetrical massing on a smaller lot.

19349: 19025: 18637: 18100: 18075: 17966: 17752: 17747: 16162: 16152: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5073: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 3584: 3525: 3249: 2296: 2271: 2261: 2182: 1382: 1295: 15797:

Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams

15680:

Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago

13633:"Crash Fire Ruins Sculptor's Studio; Photo-Diagram Of The Plane Crash" 13607:"750th Squadron 457th Bombardment Group: Officers – 1943 to 1945" 13275:"25,000 Square Feet of Pre-Builts Leased at the Empire State Building" 12597: 12595: 11632:"Advocates of Disabled File Complaint About the Empire State Building" 8001: 7989: 4080:. Fodor's Exploring Guides. Fodor's Travel Publications. p. 101. 3587:

in 2003, at a climbing rate of 6,593 ft (2,010 m) per hour.

19339: 18965: 18896: 18848: 18247: 18010: 16547: 16542: 16069: 15916: 12855: 12549:"Empire State Building Spire Restoration Nears Completion in Midtown" 11457:"Panel Creates a Historic District in Manhattan's East 60's and 70's" 11128:"Trade Center 'Topped Out' With Steel Column 1,370 Feet Above Street" 8360: 6036:"Lost Art Deco Treasures From the Empire State Building Rediscovered" 4688:(5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 266–267. 3494: 3397:. After the construction of the first World Trade Center, architect 3215: 3068: 2911: 2787:

Gold for Existing Buildings rating in September 2011, as well as the

2761: 2560:'s North Tower surpassed the Empire State Building in height by 1970. 2507: 2400: 2377: 2275: 1780:

station KWO35 broadcasts at a frequency of 162.550 MHz from the

1566: 1291: 1201:

used the top of the Empire State Building as a scoreboard during the

1175: 1126: 829: 671: 147: 14374:"Police: All Empire State Shooting Victims Were Wounded by Officers" 13594:

Connect With YWCA USA! 1400 I Street, Suite 325 Washington, DC 20005

13448: 6792:"Empire State Building Completes $ 165M Revamp with New Observatory" 6523:"Empire State Building Observation Decks Generate Startling Profits" 5282: 4831: 4202:

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

4190: 2466:

the building escaped severe damage and was reopened two days later.

2362:

Building became an icon of the city and, ultimately, of the nation.

1809:

opened the Waldorf Hotel on the site. Four years later, his cousin,

18602: 18291: 17987: 17411: 16517: 15581:

New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars

14870: 14815:"Empire State Building: The 8Th World Wonder – A History in Photos" 12592: 11777:"Company News; Trump Sues Empire State Building Management Company" 11694:(Press release). United States Department of Justice. March 3, 1994 8215: 8213: 8211: 7517:. Understanding our government. Greenwood Press. pp. 109–110. 3002: 2987: 2895: 2731: 2535: 2342: 2286:

gave reports of 14 deaths and a headline in the socialist magazine

2279: 2166: 1374: 1342: 1145: 1066: 842: 837: 663: 396: 132: 48: 17232: 15326:. EBL-Schweitzer. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. 15302:

Skyscrapers: A Social History of the Very Tall Building in America

9486: 8641:

Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings

3276:

On the morning of August 24, 2012, 58-year-old Jeffrey T. Johnson

1587:

Antennas for broadcast stations located at the top of the building

1447:, the Chrysler Building, the first One World Trade Center, or the 1354:; these murals were placed in storage when the Longchamps closed. 1129:. In 1998, the building was lit in blue after the death of singer 1022:

A pair of sculpted concrete eagles above the Fifth Avenue entrance

16748: 15577:

Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987).

15552: 15434:

Kayden, Jerold S.; The Municipal Art Society of New York (2000).

14533: 11368: 10049: 9503: 9501: 7759: 7757: 7255: 5856:"How Eminem and Jimmy Kimmel Took Over the Empire State Building" 5683:"Mark Hamill, Kevin Costner pay tribute to late James Earl Jones" 5556: 5309: 4972: 4930: 4808: 4225: 4173: 4014: 3575: 3559: 3241: 3188: 3037: 2442: 2437: 2358: 2250: 2118: 2033: 1764: 1760: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1686: 1253: 1077:, which would have been required if stone had been used instead. 1062: 1046: 959: 632: 15755:. New York: Hachette/Black Dog & Leventhal. pp. 36–37. 15657:

Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building

14734:. The American Institute of Architects; Harris Interactive. 2007 13360: 13226: 10946:"New Buyer to Sell Empire State To Prudential in Leaseback Deal" 10005: 10003: 10001: 8743: 8741: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8208: 7090:. Michelin green guides. Michelin Tire Corporation. p. 82. 6284:"Artist Files Suit Over Missing Empire State Building Paintings" 4502:

New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development

3806:

at Broadway and 49th Street; a 100-story tower developed by the

3376:

to what will be essentially industrial methods of fabrication."

13480: 13298:"Two Tenants Take Space on 50th Floor of Empire State Building" 11090:"World Trade Center Becomes World's Highest Building By 4 Feet" 10410:"Throng Strains Necks as Blimp Tries to Kiss Empire State Mast" 9651: 9513: 8919: 8440: 7720: 7718: 6959:"Travel Advisory: Empire State Building; New York on One Floor" 5804:"Empire State Building Lights up to Broadcast Election Results" 5116: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 3270: 2925: 2695:

Following the destruction of the World Trade Center during the

2647:, who was imprisoned at the time in connection with the deadly 1350:

restaurant next to the lobby, with six oval murals designed by

1052:

The facade of the tower stories is split into several vertical

1007: 971: 868:

and Sixth avenues. To the east of the Empire State Building is

15051: 15049: 14885:"World's Largest Cruise Ship Is Size of Empire State Building" 12523:"Empire State Building to Open New Observatory on 102nd Floor" 11917:"1 World Trade Center Will Reclaim the Sky in Lower Manhattan" 11598:"Perspectives; The Empire State Building's Two-Front Campaign" 9751: 9749: 9498: 9345: 7754: 7742: 6555: 3626: 3566:, the Empire State Building hosts notable figures every year. 3416:

The Empire State Building has been hailed as an example of a "

19990:

New York State Register of Historic Places in New York County

18185: 17940: 17618: 17563: 16055: 15860: 15277: 15152:"Empire Stair Building: Rhinebeck Runner Climbs Unusual Feat" 11663:"Empire State Building to Provide Better Access for Disabled" 11327: 10872: 10870: 10531: 10163:"Neighborhood Report: Midtown; A Fixture at the Empire State" 9998: 8738: 8665: 6062:"Vanished Murals From the Empire State Building Rediscovered" 5497: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4197: 2670: 2547: 2225: 2186: 1287: 13860: 13796:"Elevator Cable Failed at Empire State Building, City Finds" 13006:"Expedia Checking Into Upper Floor of Empire State Building" 12417:"New York's Empire State Building Gets a Surprising Upgrade" 12411: 12409: 12407: 11189: 11022: 10336: 10261: 10249: 9734: 9639: 9474: 9158: 8832: 8561: 8559: 7715: 7574: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4764: 4739: 4440:"The Plane Crash of '45, More Empire State Building Secrets" 18959: 15433: 15260:

Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the Making of a City

15046: 14282: 13552: 13073:"Engineering Consultant Grows at the Empire State Building" 12244: 12242: 11206: 11204: 10278: 10276: 9746: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9576: 9574: 9559: 9464: 9462: 9437: 9435: 9335: 9333: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9251: 9217: 9215: 9148: 9146: 9037: 9035: 8873: 8871: 8618: 8616: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8469: 8467: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8387: 8083: 8081: 7315: 7313: 7226: 7224: 7222: 6618: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5041: 5017: 4957: 4725:(4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 226. 4531:"Manhattan Adding 63 ZIP Codes; Empire State Gets Own Code" 4158:. National Park Service. September 11, 2007. Archived from 3110: 2972: 2935: 1772: 1768: 1756: 1752: 1736: 1724: 1716: 1690: 1612: 729:

The site of the Empire State Building, on the west side of

15475: 15437:

Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience

15068: 15066: 15064: 14425: 14423: 14421: 10867: 9926: 9924: 9911: 9909: 9710: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8603: 8601: 8588: 8586: 8377: 8375: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8198: 8196: 8194: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7288: 6404: 5988: 5928: 5926: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5361: 5359: 5095: 5078:

Landscape of Modernity: Essays on New York City, 1900–1940

5001: 4941: 4939: 4814: 3420:" due to the massive effort expended during construction. 3384:

Early in the building's history, travel companies such as

3338:

the following year due to its architectural significance.

1955:

Architectural sketch of heights and allowed building areas

753:, its owners did not make a profit until the early 1950s. 18231: 14377: 14313: 13178:"The Tangled Tale Behind the Empire State Building's IPO" 12900: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12892: 12890: 12404: 12133:"It Took 90 Minutes to 'Steal' the Empire State Building" 11962:"It's Official: 1 WTC Is New York's New Tallest Building" 9591: 9589: 8556: 8020:

The American Architect and Building News Company (1898).

7553:

Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong: A Biography

7083: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6436: 5072:

Willis, Carol (1992). Ward, David; Zunz, Olivier (eds.).

4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4868: 4597:"Living in Koreatown Exotic Flavor, Beyond Just the Food" 3281:

fragments, although three took direct hits from bullets.

2416: 1596: 1592: 1477:

Interior and exterior observation decks at the 86th floor

1198: 966:

consists of three horizontal sections—a base, shaft, and

812:

The Empire State Building is located on the west side of

18783: 15844: 14003: 13863:"Suicide Tourism in Manhattan, New York City, 1990–2004" 13739: 13529: 12932:"The Plan: Corgan's Office in the Empire State Building" 12239: 11201: 11034: 10974: 10747: 10586: 10574: 10360: 10348: 10288: 10273: 10237: 10027: 10015: 9786: 9686:

The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia

9663: 9627: 9571: 9459: 9447: 9432: 9330: 9275: 9263: 9227: 9212: 9143: 9047: 9032: 8984: 8868: 8844: 8753: 8613: 8571: 8479: 8464: 8428: 8411: 8078: 8030: 7730: 7703: 7670:"Appraiser's 'Inside' Helped Sell Empire State Building" 7310: 7219: 6708: 6706: 6674:"No Longer The Tallest, 'Most Famous' Building in World" 6639:"City That Never Sleeps Is Full of Unexpected Treasures" 5176: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3453:

other structures globally, both natural and human-made.

1934:

created "bug diagrams" of the project requirements. The

962:

because of its large lot and relatively short base. Its

15487: 15385:

Guerrero, P.F.; Abramowitz, A.D.; Morrison, F. (2002).

15131: 15061: 15034: 14615: 14418: 14341:"From Teacher to Gunman: U.S. Visit Ends in Fatal Rage" 14227: 13416:"An Evangelical College in Manhattan, Where the Sin Is" 13361:"Dedicated to Saving the World's Most Treasured Places" 13277:(Press release). Empire State Realty Trust. May 5, 2014 12003:"Terror Makes All the World A Beat for New York Police" 9921: 9906: 9722: 9239: 9059: 8967: 8856: 8784: 8714: 8598: 8583: 8496: 8372: 8331: 8270: 8225: 8191: 8007: 7995: 7970: 7285: 6715:"The Empire State Building's View Just Got Even Better" 5967: 5965: 5938: 5923: 5906: 5356: 5106: 5104: 4936: 4564: 4562: 3479:

its first documented appearance in popular culture was

2892:

eleventh-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas

2023:, to change the Chrysler's original roof from a stubby 720:

ninth-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States

682:

and built from 1930 to 1931. Its name is derived from "

14310:"Gunman Shoots 7, Kills Self at Empire State Building" 14264: 13208:"Pharma Firm Bolts Chrysler Building for Empire State" 12887: 10730:"Ben Tobin, Bought Or Built Notable Broward Buildings" 10696:"Ben Tobin, 92, Investor in Hotels And in Real Estate" 10372: 9586: 9404:"Empire State Tower Mast Up; Steel Workers Raise Flag" 8726: 8544: 7545: 7543: 7541: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6732: 4978: 4660: 4627: 4625: 4347:"South of Midtown Manhattan, Bargain Commercial Rents" 4326: 2862:

With the destruction of the World Trade Center in the

2134:

A worker bolts beams in 1930 during construction; the

15576: 15278:

Berman, J.S.; Museum of the City of New York (2003).

15239:

Understanding Tall Buildings: A Theory of Placemaking

14980: 14609: 14138:"Safety Guard Completed On The Empire State Building" 11524:"Trump Plans Revitalization of Empire State Building" 11258:"Jackhammers Bite Pavement to Start Trade Center Job" 8458: 8399: 8366: 8348: 8233:"FACTBOX-History Of New York's Empire State Building" 7895: 7330: 7328: 6703: 5956: 5763:"The Empire State Building, Now in 16 Million Colors" 5297: 4862: 4287: 4285: 4283: 3884: 3859: 15867:

Empire State Building under construction (1930–1931)

15488:

McCarthy, James Remington; Rutherford, John (1931).

15483:. Hearst Magazines. December 1930. pp. 920–924. 12870:"Boy Scouts Move Store out of Empire State Building" 10441: 10439: 8104:"Largest Office Building to Replace Waldorf-Astoria" 7925:

Gilded Mansions: Grand Architecture and High Society

7782:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 254. 7506: 7504: 6352:"Empire State Building Plans Environmental Retrofit" 5962: 5578:"Empire State Building Turns Blue as Silent Tribute" 5315: 5101: 5023: 4678: 4633:"MTA Neighborhood Maps: Herald Square / Murray Hill" 4559: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3656:

List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City

3594: 2785:

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

2699:

in 2001, the Empire State Building again became the

2432:

Per the original plans, the Empire State Building's

1938:

forced Lamb to design a structure that incorporated

1302:'s 33 pounds per square foot (1.6 kPa) and the 429: 15636:

The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark

14754:"American Society of Civil Engineers Seven Wonders" 11878:"With Helmsley Death, Wife Faces Battle for Empire" 10389: 10387: 10200:"Jack Brod, Early Tenant of Skyscraper, Dies at 98" 10127: 10125: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8181: 8179: 8177: 7538: 6809: 6418:"Empire State Building To Get Modernized Elevators" 6383: 4622: 4073: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3841:"Empire State Building Unveils New Entrance, Lobby" 15633: 15578: 15572:. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. 15560:. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. 15363: 14948: 14946: 14903: 14590: 14582: 13389:"Upper Floors of Tallest Building Blazing Inferno" 12653: 11980:"Final pieces hoisted atop One World Trade Center" 11554: 11552: 7642: 7325: 7021: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6144: 5881: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5339:"What Do the Empire State Building's Lights Mean?" 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5249: 5247: 5245: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4280: 4110: 4106: 4104: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 1821:, in early 1918, the hotel lease was purchased by 15490:Peacock alley: the romance of the Waldorf–Astoria 13241:. Archived from the original on December 16, 2011 12946:"Update 2: Coty Expands in Empire State Building" 12107:"Helmsley Caves In – Empire State Bldg. War Ends" 11303:"World Trade Center Tower Surpasses Empire State" 11297: 11295: 11293: 11291: 11289: 10436: 7845:"One World Trade Center Readies for Broadcasters" 7641:Kinney, Harrison; Gill, Brendan (April 1, 1953). 7501: 7491:"Broadcast Antennas On The Empire State Building" 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 5074:"Form Follows Finance: The Empire State Building" 4018:. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. 3824: 3811:the base of the Metropolitan Life North Building. 3156:for the longest survived elevator fall recorded. 19921: 15284:. Portraits of America. Barnes and Noble Books. 14589:Chappell, George S. (T-Square) (July 13, 1931). 14172: 13725:"The Day A Bomber Hit The Empire State Building" 12813: 12811: 11956: 11954: 11952: 10447:"Blimp Moored to Tower of Empire State Building" 10384: 10156: 10154: 10122: 8251: 8174: 8129: 7394:"Raising the Glass at the Empire State Building" 7270: 7187:"Feud Over Views From the Empire State Building" 7019: 6746:"The Empire State Building: Renewing the Affair" 6345: 6343: 6341: 5596: 5382:"Top of the Empire State To Get New Floodlights" 3911: 2372:was released. The movie, which depicted a large 1252:The Empire State Building is bathed annually in 1085:The building was originally equipped with white 19980:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan 15384: 14943: 14658: 14455:"The City; Landmark Status Gains for East Side" 14442:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 14132: 14130: 13508:. ABC-Clio ebook. Greenwood Press. p. 16. 13316:"Turkish Airlines Moves into Empire State Bldg" 12040:"Partnership in Deal for Empire State Building" 12033: 12031: 11910: 11908: 11906: 11770: 11768: 11591: 11589: 11549: 11517: 11515: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11084: 11082: 10904: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10542: 10540: 10193: 10191: 9362: 9360: 9177: 9175: 9173: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8098: 8096: 7955:. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 7763: 7748: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7598: 7596: 7123:. Fodor's Travel Guides. Fodor's Travel. 2016. 6989: 6987: 6918: 6778: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6596: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6211: 6209: 6201:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 6184:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 6172:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 6141: 6136:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 6022:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 6001:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 5756: 5754: 5439: 5259: 5242: 5200: 5198: 5142: 4781: 4243:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 4111:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 4101: 3952: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3770:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1981 3764: 3762: 3569: 3327:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 2618:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 1192:lamps and floodlights were replaced with 1,200 794:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 15926:World's tallest freestanding structure on land 15876:Empire State Building archive, circa 1930–1969 15697: 15461:. Greenwood icons. Greenwood. pp. 71–92. 14917:. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015 14520:National Register of Historic Places Inventory 13666: 13664: 12975: 12973: 12971: 12969: 12967: 12756:"100 Tallest Completed Buildings in the World" 11656: 11654: 11286: 10994:"Tower at Empire State Getting First Cleaning" 10648: 10646: 10644: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10061: 10009: 9507: 9492: 9351: 8747: 8633: 8631: 8219: 6846: 6448: 6377: 6053: 5534:"ESB to Light up with NYCFC, Red Bulls Colors" 5376: 5374: 5332: 5330: 5055:"Zoning Districts & Tools : C6 – DCP" 4775: 4758: 4715: 4525: 4523: 4338: 3723: 3721: 2006:(then the Bank of Manhattan Building) and the 636:. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. 18945: 18769: 17397: 17218: 16041: 16017: 14699:"Empire State Building Is America's Favorite" 13945:"An Urban Icon Where They Used to Go Fishing" 12808: 12151: 11949: 10721: 10687: 10655:"Empire State Building Has a Tangled History" 10151: 10072:. New York, N.Y: Da Capo Press. p. 120. 9535:Skywalkers: Mohawk Ironworkers Build the City 6338: 6251: 6249: 5125:"Oolitic's Empire Quarry a 'source of pride'" 4434: 4432: 4430: 4198:"Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)" 3671:List of tallest freestanding steel structures 3456:The building has also inspired replicas. The 2866:, the Empire State Building again became the 2587:The World Trade Center's twin towers started 1922:, as the basis. He had also been inspired by 1101:suggested that Wien and Helmsley install 204 19177:617–623 (Saks Fifth Avenue/Swiss Bank Tower) 16810: 15987:World Trade Center (1973–2001) (North Tower) 15955:World Trade Center (1973–2001) (North Tower) 14627: 14127: 14106: 13821: 13383: 13381: 13343:"Workday Switching to Empire State Building" 13025:"FDIC Signs Lease for Empire State Building" 12726:"100 Tallest Buildings in the United States" 12690:"11 Floors May Be Added to the Empire State" 12566: 12028: 11903: 11765: 11586: 11512: 11115: 11079: 10895: 10537: 10188: 9357: 9170: 8282: 8093: 7629: 7593: 7510: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7474: 6984: 6660: 6509: 6221:"Overhead, A Lobby Is Restored to Old Glory" 6206: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6027: 5751: 5195: 3775: 3759: 3728: 2846:in the world before it was surpassed by the 2730:submitted to the city included the names of 1995:to architectural writer Donald J. Reynolds. 958:The Empire State Building has a symmetrical 20005:Radio masts and towers in the United States 19613: 18867:National September 11 Memorial & Museum 17249:Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church 15504: 15340: 15055: 14505: 13661: 13071:Baird-Remba, Rebecca (September 28, 2018). 13070: 12964: 12361:"Qatar Buys Chunk of Empire State Building" 12190: 12188: 12160:"The Empire State Building Gets a Makeover" 11651: 11343:. PBS – American Experience. Archived from 10841:"Empire State Building Given Special Award" 10631: 9683:Young, William H.; Young, Nancy K. (2007). 9657: 9565: 9538:. Roaring Brook Press. pp. 85, 87–88. 9519: 9257: 8925: 8628: 8446: 7915: 7111: 6624: 6262:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 215. 5371: 5327: 5224:"Empire State Building Refaced for Savings" 4520: 4465:Sederstrom, Jonathan (September 18, 2012). 4403: 4401: 4381:"Midtown South: Living Where the Action Is" 3802:; a 1,050-foot (320 m) tower built by 3718: 3707: 3705: 3063:The National Catholic Welfare Council (now 2852:tallest freestanding structure in the world 2597:tallest freestanding structure in the world 2595:succeeded the Empire State Building as the 2108:, marking the beginning of the decade-long 18952: 18938: 18776: 18762: 18414:Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28 17404: 17390: 17225: 17211: 16048: 16034: 15849: 15235: 15011: 15009: 14955:"New York-New York, It's a Las Vegas Town" 14952: 14485: 14483: 14338: 14107:Dillenberger, Jane D. (February 1, 2001). 13829:"Empire State Elevator Plummets 40 Floors" 13673:"Thick Fog, An Errant Turn, Then Disaster" 13232: 13022: 12820:"The Empire State Building: American Icon" 12262:"Empire State Building Achieves LEED Gold" 12222: 12220: 9682: 7640: 7266: 7264: 7184: 7150: 6442: 6246: 5888:. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 5854:Wagmeister, Elizabeth (October 17, 2018). 5853: 5189: 4682:; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). 4464: 4427: 4156:National Historic Landmark summary listing 3772:, PDF page 26, for a diagram of the lobby. 3732: 3219:photo ran in the May 12, 1947, edition of 2894:behind the tallest U.S. buildings and the 2433: 2311: 916:The Empire State Building was designed by 622: 507:New York State Register of Historic Places 360:2,248,355 sq ft (208,879 m) 273:(equivalent to $ 661 million in 2023) 19127:453 (Stavros Niarchos Foundation Library) 18914:Note: Visitor numbers are estimates only. 18743:List of architects of supertall buildings 15880:Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 15731:. The Oliver Press, Inc. pp. 38–39. 15344:Fodor's See It New York City, 4th Edition 15143: 15086:"Complete National Film Registry Listing" 14756:. Asce.org. July 19, 2010. Archived from 14245: 14166: 13936: 13894: 13759:"Empire State Plane Still Not Identified" 13501: 13378: 12464: 12431: 11341:"Timeline: World Trade Center Chronology" 11328:Berman & Museum of New York City 2003 10767:"Empire State Building Will Change Hands" 10532:Berman & Museum of New York City 2003 10070:The skyscraper in American art, 1890–1931 9611:. New York Public Library. Archived from 7928:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 35. 7581:. Radio Corporation of America. p. 6 7471: 6924: 6789: 6087: 5498:Berman & Museum of New York City 2003 4344: 4291: 4275:The 103-floor Empire State Building draws 4253: 4251: 4146: 4144: 4041: 4039: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3743: 3741: 3651:List of buildings with 100 floors or more 3341: 2890:as of February 2021. It is also the 2566:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 2482:causes the building to taper with height. 2217:During construction in October 1930; the 2151:The structural steel was pre-ordered and 1625:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 1205:, using red and blue lights to represent 836:. Tenants enter the building through the 716:seventh-tallest building in New York City 478:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 62:Empire State Building illuminated in 2021 20010:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan 19975:National Historic Landmarks in Manhattan 18563:Baoneng Shenyang Global Financial Center 18279: 15790: 15698:Willis, Carol; Friedman, Donald (1998). 15628: 15607: 15525: 15454: 15242:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 71–72. 15149: 15137: 15072: 15040: 14621: 14588: 14522:. National Park Service. April 26, 1985. 14429: 14009: 13745: 13701:. Guinness World Records. Archived from 13670: 13555:of the USA. July 1, 1998. Archived from 13535: 12248: 12185: 12000: 11841: 11810:"Trump Loses Round in Empire State Suit" 11775:Gilpin, Kenneth N. (February 17, 1995). 11714:"Company News; Empire State Buyer Found" 11660: 11454: 11210: 11195: 11040: 11028: 10980: 10753: 10580: 10548:"Army Pushes Bomber Crash Investigation" 10393: 10366: 10354: 10342: 10294: 10267: 10255: 10243: 10231: 10134:"To Oldest Tenant, Empire State A Jewel" 10067: 10033: 10021: 9930: 9915: 9792: 9740: 9728: 9645: 9633: 9580: 9531: 9480: 9468: 9453: 9441: 9339: 9288: 9269: 9233: 9221: 9164: 9152: 9053: 9041: 8990: 8978: 8877: 8850: 8838: 8790: 8720: 8678: 8622: 8490: 8473: 8434: 8422: 8381: 8342: 8276: 8264: 8185: 8135: 8087: 8036: 7736: 7724: 7709: 7304: 7230: 7154:September 11 in Popular Culture: A Guide 6847:Mayes-Osterman, Cybele (July 29, 2019). 6744:Russell, James S. (September 19, 2019). 6255: 6156: 5944: 5932: 5917: 5405: 5365: 5321: 5276: 5253: 5221: 5148: 5005: 4945: 4796: 4398: 4345:Tarquinio, J. Alex (September 9, 2009). 4257: 4007: 3905: 3702: 3474:Empire State Building in popular culture 3288: 3132: 3113:of the USA (relocated to Washington, DC) 2829: 2760: 2749: 2551: 2473: 2315: 2255: 2212: 2192:By June 20, the skyscraper's supporting 2165:of common materials such as windows and 2129: 1950: 1845: 1582: 1552: 1433: 1377:mural, inspired by both the sky and the 1360: 1323: 1273: 1237:parties as results are tabulated in the 1203:2012 United States presidential election 1017: 949: 27:Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York 19935:1930s architecture in the United States 18718:VietinBank Business Center Office Tower 17002:42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal 16905:Armenian Evangelical Church of New York 15814: 15405: 15361: 15319: 15298: 15256: 15209:. Empire State Building. Archived from 15006: 14572:Hamlin, Talbot (1931). "Architecture". 14480: 14339:Kleinfield, N. R. (February 25, 1997). 14285:"Man Tumbles off Empire State Building" 14270: 14233: 13793: 13413: 12981:Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue 12817: 12687: 12547:Londono, Vanessa (September 28, 2020). 12546: 12384: 12306:"Empire State Building IPO Disappoints" 12217: 12157: 12071: 11630:Andrews, Edmund L. (January 28, 1992). 11629: 10606:"Empire State Tower Reported Near Sale" 10592: 10378: 10282: 10160: 10131: 9595: 9245: 9065: 8862: 8732: 8607: 8592: 8565: 8502: 8393: 8202: 7983: 7549: 7488: 7420:"King Kong, at 50, Lacks Get Up and Go" 7360: 7319: 7261: 6790:Ricciulli, Valeria (December 2, 2019). 6743: 6713:Wallace, Elizabeth (October 11, 2019). 6712: 6521:Bagli, Charles V. (December 24, 2011). 6349: 6033: 5760: 5606:. Empire State Building. Archived from 5042:Kayden & Municipal Art Society 2000 5018:Kayden & Municipal Art Society 2000 4958:Kayden & Municipal Art Society 2000 4825: 4666: 4594: 4407: 4378: 4332: 4069: 4067: 3878: 3798:These proposals included the 100-story 3666:List of tallest buildings by U.S. state 3173: 2872:second-tallest building in the Americas 2705:second-tallest building in the Americas 2626:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 2515: 2208: 1646:commissioned about the transition from 14: 19922: 18334: 15724: 15673: 15654: 14778: 14571: 14551:"Asset Detail – Empire State Building" 14534:"National Register Information System" 14173:Reavill, Gil; Zimmerman, Jean (2003). 13942: 13919:"Lawyer Dies in Empire Suicide Horror" 13699:"Longest Fall Survived in an Elevator" 13340: 13295: 13175: 13003: 12867: 12660:. Guinness Superlatives. p. 101. 12601: 12572: 12354: 12352: 12303: 12226: 12001:Rashbaum, William K. (July 15, 2002). 11914: 11774: 11521: 11491: 11487: 11485: 11450: 11448: 11380: 11369:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 11223:Ennis, Thomas W. (February 15, 1964). 10727: 10197: 10055: 10050:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 9980: 9716: 8577: 8550: 8405: 8354: 7921: 7849:Radio & Television Business Report 7812:"Broadcasters Put Antennas in Midtown" 7775: 7391: 7256:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 7151:Quay, Sara E.; Damico, Amy M. (2010). 6956: 6486: 6484: 6310: 6215: 5971: 5680: 5550: 5336: 5310:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 5222:Lombardi, Candace (October 14, 2010). 5122: 5110: 5071: 5029: 4973:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 4931:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 4809:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4248: 4226:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1981 4174:"National Register Information System" 4141: 4047:"Empire State Building, New York City" 4036: 4010:"Empire State Building, New York City" 3996: 3738: 2383: 2260:Photograph of a cable worker taken by 1898:and U.S. presidential candidate whose 1097:at the time. In 1976, the businessman 77:Tallest in the world from 1931 to 1970 19757: 19717: 19612: 19576:1220 (Museum of the City of New York) 19560: 19559: 19321: 19320: 19078: 19077: 18977: 18976: 18933: 18757: 18541: 18333: 18268: 18167: 17709: 17478: 17439: 17424: 17385: 17206: 17139: 16955: 16809: 16499: 16084: 16029: 16016: 15964:Tallest building in the United States 15769: 15745: 15728:Construction: Building the Impossible 14953:Goldberger, Paul (January 15, 1997). 14863: 14812: 14499:National Historic Landmark Nomination 14489: 14398: 14199:"Leaps to His Death Off Empire Tower" 13233:Del Percio, Stephen (July 18, 2011). 13149: 12796:from the original on October 22, 2017 12766:from the original on October 18, 2017 12688:Carmody, Deirdre (October 11, 1972). 12654:McWhirter, N.; McWhirter, R. (1994). 12520: 12437: 12254: 12037: 11875: 11494:"Puttin' Fix on Upper East Side Ritz" 11222: 10693: 10652: 10094: 9842:"75-Story Buildings Found Economical" 9806:"Rivalry For Height Is Seen As Ended" 9689:. Greenwood Press. pp. 144–145. 9181: 8637: 7948: 7809: 7575:Radio Corporation of America (1943). 7451: 7417: 6671: 6636: 6561: 6520: 6405:Popular Mechanics & December 1930 6098: 5989:Popular Mechanics & December 1930 5801: 5654: 5477: 5475: 5096:Popular Mechanics & December 1930 4646:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 4595:Baldwin, Deborah (October 17, 2008). 4574:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 4570:"MTA Neighborhood Maps: neighborhood" 4258:Branigin, William (August 24, 2012). 3139:1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash 3087:(now located at 370 Lexington Avenue) 2951:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 2394:Great Depression in the United States 1578: 1188:In 2012, the building's four hundred 1133:, who was nicknamed "Ol' Blue Eyes". 1065:and connected by horizontal aluminum 19940:1931 establishments in New York City 19731:42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue 19591:2067 (St. Andrew's Episcopal Church) 18785:Tourist attractions in New York City 17450: 16997:42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue 16691:The Theater at Madison Square Garden 15341:Fodor's Travel Publications (2010). 15111: 14539:National Register of Historic Places 14366: 14023:"Youth Dives from Empire State Bldg" 13671:McGovern, Tom (September 19, 1982). 13176:Levitt, David M. (August 30, 2012). 13004:Cullen, Terence (January 20, 2018). 12602:Marani, Matthew (October 16, 2020). 12573:Gannon, Devin (September 25, 2020). 12465:Ricciulli, Valeria (July 29, 2019). 12358: 12038:Bagli, Charles V. (March 19, 2002). 11842:Johnston, David Cay (May 31, 1995). 11689:"US V. Empire State Building of NYC" 11595: 11558: 10653:Bagli, Charles V. (April 28, 2013). 10198:Martin, Douglas (January 13, 2008). 8761:"Homer G. Balcom, Engineer, Is Dead" 6059: 5879: 5731: 5681:Butler, Karen (September 10, 2024). 5456:. Waldorfnewyork.com. Archived from 5149:Peterson, Iver (November 10, 1981). 4179:National Register of Historic Places 4166: 4064: 3336:National Register of Historic Places 3144:At 9:40 am on July 28, 1945, a 1986:terminal one block away, as well as 1429: 798:National Register of Historic Places 19718: 19504:1071 (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum) 17659:Trump International Hotel and Tower 16874:Stavros Niarchos Foundation Library 16864:New York Public Library Main Branch 16849:CUNY School of Professional Studies 15565:Robins, Anthony W. (May 19, 1981). 15553:Robins, Anthony W. (May 19, 1981). 15150:Colaizzo, Pete (February 8, 2016). 14988:"New York Looms Large in Las Vegas" 14785:. Ebsco Publishing. pp. 7–15. 14610:Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987 14320:from the original on April 20, 2010 13414:Buckley, Cara (December 20, 2008). 13296:Schram, Lauren (January 15, 2018). 12818:Glancey, Jonathan (June 13, 2013). 12385:Putzier, Konrad (August 25, 2016). 12349: 11915:Dunlap, David W. (April 30, 2012). 11559:Gray, Christopher (June 14, 1992). 11482: 11445: 11416:"Empire State Celebrates 50th Year" 10132:Winters, Patricia (July 17, 1994). 9962:from the original on March 15, 2022 9115:"Start Empire State Building Frame" 8459:Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987 8367:Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987 8023:American Architect and Architecture 7418:Geist, William E. (April 8, 1983). 7185:Kleinfield, N. R. (June 16, 2011). 7020:Rosenberg, A.; Dunford, M. (2011). 6925:Robertson, David (April 23, 2012). 6904:The Official Guide to New York City 6892: 6481: 6311:Barron, James (February 13, 2011). 5957:Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987 5802:Wells, Charlie (November 6, 2012). 5655:Irick, Whitney (January 27, 2020). 5411:"The Empire State to Glow at Night" 5298:Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987 5151:"Limestone Center Turns to Tourism" 4863:Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987 4702: 4379:Kravitz, Derek (October 23, 2015). 4292:Rothstein, Edward (July 15, 2011). 3523:", a 2007 episode of the TV series 3442:American Society of Civil Engineers 3191:attempts. More than 30 people have 3182: 3122: 2886:. The Empire State Building is the 2745: 2630:United States Department of Justice 2520:American Society of Civil Engineers 2119:Metropolitan Life Insurance Company 2083: 1516: 900:, two blocks east; there is also a 782:American Society of Civil Engineers 24: 19995:Office buildings completed in 1931 19950:Art Deco architecture in Manhattan 19509:1085 (Church of the Heavenly Rest) 18861:American Museum of Natural History 18384:Nanjing World Trade Center Tower 1 17238:tallest buildings in New York City 17140: 16956: 16844:CUNY Graduate School of Journalism 15718: 15183:. February 6, 2007. Archived from 14864:Lewis, Sophie (October 27, 2020). 13052:(Press release). February 21, 2012 12227:Lovins, Amory (March–April 2012). 12072:Collins, Glenn (August 14, 2004). 11661:Hamilton, Andrea (March 4, 1994). 11381:Phelps, Timothy M. (May 1, 1981). 11225:"Critics Impugned On Trade Center" 11054:"The Empire State Gets Escalators" 10161:Ramirez, Anthony (June 30, 1996). 8681:"Empire State Building Challenged" 8644:. Hachette Books. pp. 38–39. 7810:Bagli, Charles V. (May 12, 2003). 7489:Haskett, Thomas R. (August 1967). 7084:Michelin Tire Corporation (2002). 6874:"Ten Things Not to Do in New York" 6672:Mouat, Lucia (November 28, 1979). 6562:Bagli, Charles V. (May 28, 2016). 6492:"Empire State Building Fast Facts" 6384:Bonnier Corporation (April 1931). 6034:Collins, Charlotte (May 8, 2023). 5472: 5206:"Empire State Building Fact Sheet" 3458:New York-New York Hotel and Casino 2901: 2884:tenth-tallest in the United States 2610: 2125: 1154:. After retired basketball player 1138:collapse of the World Trade Center 1091:presidential election of that year 986:The setbacks were mandated by the 714:. As of 2022, the building is the 326:80th, 86th, and 102nd (top) floors 25: 20036: 19834:840 (Mrs. William B. Astor House) 19462:1000 (Metropolitan Museum of Art) 19147:510 (Manufacturers Trust Company) 18434:Xiangmi Lake New Financial Center 17277:Manhattan Life Insurance Building 16925:Our Saviour Roman Catholic Church 16270: 15994:Tallest building in New York City 15975:Tallest building in New York City 15836: 15683:. Princeton Architectural Press. 15412:The Encyclopedia of New York City 15112:Aska, Jelena (December 5, 2019). 14490:Pitts, Carolyn (April 26, 1985). 13341:Cullen, Terence (April 9, 2015). 13127:. January 2, 2017. Archived from 13023:Rubenstein, Dana (July 7, 2009). 12786:"100 Tallest Towers in the World" 12736:from the original on July 8, 2017 12304:Yousuf, Hibah (October 2, 2013). 11522:Dunlap, David W. (July 8, 1994). 10694:Saxon, Wolfgang (June 16, 1996). 10234:, pp. 273–274, 276, 279–280. 7896:US Department of Commerce, NOAA. 7873:. World Radio Map. Archived from 7613:. Associated Press. July 28, 1950 7511:Zarkin, K.; Zarkin, M.J. (2006). 7452:Klein, Kristine (June 18, 2024). 7392:Morris, Keiko (August 31, 2015). 7361:Carlson, Jen (February 2, 2016). 6957:Trucco, Terry (January 1, 1995). 6350:Navarro, Mireya (April 7, 2009). 6313:"Restored Lobby's Crowning Touch" 5211:. Empire State Realty. p. 1. 4408:Verrill, Courtney (May 1, 2016). 4294:"A View Inside King Kong's Perch" 3446:Seven Wonders of the Modern World 3332:New York City Planning Commission 3150:National Catholic Welfare Council 2868:tallest building in New York City 2848:Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma 2825: 2701:tallest building in New York City 2591:in 1966. The following year, the 2104:experienced the major and sudden 1946: 1797:The site was previously owned by 1617:Federal Communications Commission 1166:. The evening after iconic actor 778:Seven Wonders of the Modern World 20020:Tourist attractions in Manhattan 19985:New York City interior landmarks 19965:Former world's tallest buildings 19779:Fifth Avenue Hotel (28th Street) 19543:1130 (Willard D. Straight House) 19259:Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church 17926:Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith 15567:"Empire State Building Interior" 15199: 15169: 15105: 15091:National Film Preservation Board 15078: 14837: 14806: 14772: 14746: 14725:"America's FavoriteArchitecture" 14717: 14691: 14565: 14526: 14447: 14392: 14332: 14302: 14276: 14239: 14191: 14110:The Religious Art of Andy Warhol 14100: 14081:. May 12, 1947. pp. 42–43. 14067: 14049:"Leaps to Death from 76th Floor" 14041: 14015: 13967: 13911: 13854: 13787: 13751: 13717: 13691: 13625: 13599: 13574: 13541: 13495: 13465: 13441: 13407: 13353: 13334: 13308: 13289: 13267: 13200: 13169: 13143: 13113: 13083: 13064: 13042: 13016: 12997: 12938: 12924: 12861: 12837: 12778: 12748: 12718: 12681: 12647: 12621: 12540: 12514: 12484: 12458: 12378: 12335:Empire State Realty Trust – ESRT 12323: 12297: 12276: 12158:Cortese, Amy (October 5, 2008). 12125: 12099: 12065: 11994: 11869: 11835: 11802: 11739: 11706: 11681: 11623: 11455:Haberman, Clyde (May 20, 1981). 11408: 11383:"Light Show More Like a Flicker" 11374: 11333: 11250: 11216: 11153: 11046: 10986: 10938: 10833: 10800: 10759: 10598: 10480: 10402: 10300: 10039: 9974: 9936: 9870: 9834: 9798: 9601: 9525: 9396: 9294: 9107: 9071: 8996: 8931: 8883: 8796: 8679:Bartlett, Kay (March 14, 1976). 8508: 8141: 8042: 8013: 7942: 7889: 7871:"Radio Stations in New York, NY" 7863: 7837: 7803: 7769: 7568: 7445: 7411: 7385: 7354: 7178: 7144: 7077: 7065:. Mecklermedia. 1994. p. 32 7053: 7013: 6950: 6866: 6840: 6637:Mates, Rich (October 12, 2003). 6630: 6410: 6304: 6276: 5551:Peters, Chris (April 25, 2016). 5337:Melina, Remy (August 24, 2010). 5123:Tipton, Derrek (June 22, 2017). 4719:& Willensky, Elliot (2000). 3800:Metropolitan Life North Building 3792: 3625: 3611: 3597: 3535:, an eight-hour black-and-white 3165:Civil Aeronautics Administration 3129:B-25 Empire State Building crash 2789:World Federation of Great Towers 2568:formally backed plans for a new 2548:Loss of "tallest building" title 2469: 1500: 1467: 1458: 1390:, depicting the building as the 1245: 1222: 970:—similar to the components of a 786:American Institute of Architects 56: 47: 18703:Tianjin R&F Guangdong Tower 17832:Four Seasons Place Kuala Lumpur 17171:Sniffen Court Historic District 16198:Greenwich Savings Bank Building 16183:Engineering Societies' Building 15347:. Fodor's Travel Publications. 15305:. McFarland. pp. 107–116. 13943:VanDam, Jeff (April 26, 2006). 13150:Weiss, Lois (January 6, 2011). 12868:Pincus, Adam (April 27, 2012). 12521:Weiss, Lois (October 9, 2019). 12498:. July 30, 2019. Archived from 12438:Quito, Anne (August 23, 2018). 11596:Oser, Alan S. (July 21, 1996). 10847:. December 29, 1955. p. 28 10464:. September 15, 1931. p. 1 10416:. September 15, 1931. p. 3 10095:Smith, Adam (August 18, 2008). 6927:"No Threat from Large Gorillas" 6876:. Concierge.com. Archived from 5873: 5847: 5821: 5795: 5725: 5700: 5674: 5648: 5622: 5570: 5525: 5503: 5484:City Lights – New York Magazine 5215: 5065: 5047: 4672: 4588: 4484: 4458: 4372: 4132:Gross Domestic Product deflator 3543:, which was later added to the 3411:America's Favorite Architecture 3199:1,029 feet (314 m) onto a 2941:Croatian National Tourist Board 2685: 2682:, for control of the building. 2427: 2050: 1966:lauded the site's proximity to 1365:Aluminum relief of the building 1278:One of several elevator lobbies 1117:; red, white, and blue for the 911: 796:in 1980, and were added to the 790:America's Favorite Architecture 741:, was developed in 1893 as the 678:. The building was designed by 449:U.S. National Historic Landmark 19889:1115 (Jacob Ruppert Sr. House) 19854:871 (William C. Whitney House) 19036:272 (Marble Collegiate Church) 18738:Proposed supertall skyscrapers 18618:Hyundai Global Business Center 18086:Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel 17689:World Trade Center (1973–2001) 16910:First Zen Institute of America 16569:Girl Scout Museum and Archives 15366:The Empire State Building Book 14638:. April 29, 1932. p. 13. 14599:. Vol. 7. pp. 46–47. 13462:. Retrieved September 4, 2008. 12359:Egan, Matt (August 24, 2016). 11492:Sutton, Larry (May 20, 1981). 10728:Nitkin, David (June 9, 1996). 7604:"O'Dwyer Starts TV Tower Work" 7495:Broadcast Engineering Magazine 5761:Santora, Marc (July 6, 2013). 4074:Fodor's; Sinclair, M. (1998). 3729:§ Opening and early years 3693: 3386:Short Line Motor Coach Service 3229:in one of his prints entitled 2138:can be seen in the background. 2041:for the final, approved plan: 1841: 1544:to "satisfactory" to "corny". 1491:According to a 2010 report by 874:B. Altman and Company Building 13: 1: 19531:1109 (Felix M. Warburg House) 19467:1009 (Benjamin N. Duke House) 19447:974 (Harry F. Sinclair House) 19167:597 (Charles Scribner's Sons) 19137:476 (New York Public Library) 18374:Greenland Group Suzhou Center 18142:Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower 17738:International Commerce Centre 17425: 17252: 16859:High School of Art and Design 16511:Shops, restaurants, nightlife 16398:Joseph Raphael De Lamar House 16085: 15945:Tallest building in the world 15655:Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). 14813:Perez, Judith (May 1, 2012). 14113:. A&C Black. p. 67. 13477:National Film Board of Canada 13460:China National Tourist Office 12264:. U.S. Green Building Council 10097:"A Renters' Market in London" 9182:Poore, C.G. (July 27, 1930). 7898:"NWR Transmitter Propagation" 7271:Hearst Magazines (May 1931). 5732:Taub, Eric A. (May 8, 2012). 4113:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 3681: 3483:, a 1932 children's story by 3302: 3091:National Film Board of Canada 3085:China National Tourist Office 2850:(KWTV Mast) in 1954, and the 2407:as well as from buildings on 1980:Hudson and Manhattan Railroad 1920:Winston-Salem, North Carolina 1906:Empire State Inc. contracted 1264:, as seen in this 2015 image. 980: 784:. It was ranked first on the 391:Empire State Inc., including 19874:1020 (William Salomon House) 19869:962 (William A. Clark House) 19596:2366 (369th Regiment Armory) 18648:Nanjing Olympic Suning Tower 18359:Chongqing Corporate Avenue 1 18126:World Trade Center Abu Dhabi 17774:Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower 17743:International Finance Centre 17479: 16935:St. Francis of Assisi Church 16930:Redeemer Presbyterian Church 16433:Tiffany and Company Building 16358:Adelaide L. T. Douglas House 15770:James, Theodore Jr. (1975). 15391:. Diane Publishing Company. 14782:Seven Wonders of Engineering 14246:Broughton, Geoffrey (1987). 12657:The Guinness Book of Records 12629:"History of the Twin Towers" 12229:"A Farewell to Fossil Fuels" 10147:– via Chicago Tribune. 9757:"Empire State Building Open" 8008:McCarthy and Rutherford 1931 7996:McCarthy and Rutherford 1931 7277:. Hearst Magazines. p. 6060:Kahn, Eve M. (May 7, 2023). 5630:"TODAY Celebrates 60 Years!" 3818: 3733:§ Above the 102nd floor 3713:United States Postal Service 3570:Empire State Building Run-Up 3255: 3117: 2854:until the completion of the 2844:tallest human-made structure 1413: 1410:installation, in the lobby. 906:33rd Street and Sixth Avenue 318:1,224 ft (373.1 m) 310:1,250 ft (381.0 m) 294:1,454 ft (443.2 m) 7: 19894:2122 (Jordan L. Mott House) 19844:857 (George J. Gould House) 19819:William K. Vanderbilt House 19390:Mrs. William B. Astor House 19380:Temple Emanu-El of New York 19335:781 (The Sherry-Netherland) 19289:754 (Bergdorf Goodman Bldg) 19239:University Club of New York 19102:400 (The Langham, New York) 19092:355 (B. Altman and Company) 18542: 18429:Xiamen International Centre 18269: 17884:Lusail Plaza Towers 3 and 4 17649:The New York Times Building 17194:Manhattan Community Board 5 17043:Port Authority Bus Terminal 16579:Morgan Library & Museum 16533:J. Levine Books and Judaica 16500: 16373:Civic Club / Estonian House 16313:29 E 32nd St (Grolier Club) 15415:(2nd ed.). New Haven: 15299:Douglas, George H. (2004). 14250:. Collins ELT. p. 32. 13454:September 14, 2008, at the 12284:"Empire State Realty Trust" 11429:. April 30, 1981. p. 1 10396:Air & Space/Smithsonian 7024:The Rough Guide to New York 6256:Bosworth, Patricia (1984). 6105:. Prestel. pp. 53–54. 5487:. May 22, 1989. p. 35. 3735:for a detailed explanation. 3590: 3467: 3101:Nathaniel Branden Institute 2993:Kaplan International Center 2350:the newly opened building. 1836: 1438:80th floor observation deck 1269: 878:City University of New York 32:Empire Building (Manhattan) 10: 20041: 19758: 19581:1230 (El Museo del Barrio) 18855:Metropolitan Museum of Art 18369:Eye of Spring Trade Center 18168: 17440: 16920:Millinery Center Synagogue 16574:Houdini Museum of New York 16464:Kaskel and Kaskel Building 16408:Lefcourt Colonial Building 16363:Allerton 39th Street House 16208:Lord & Taylor Building 16148:American Radiator Building 15815:Pacelle, Mitchell (2001). 15477:"Man's Mightiest Monument" 15362:Goldman, Jonathan (1980). 15320:Flowers, Benjamin (2001). 15236:Al-Kodmany, Kheir (2017). 15228: 14399:Tramz, Mia (May 1, 2013). 13505:The New Ayn Rand Companion 11876:Bagli, Charles V. (1997). 11427:United Press International 10554:. July 30, 1945. p. 1 10068:Schleier, Merrill (1990). 10062:Willis & Friedman 1998 10010:Willis & Friedman 1998 9508:Willis & Friedman 1998 9493:Willis & Friedman 1998 9352:Willis & Friedman 1998 8748:Willis & Friedman 1998 8220:Willis & Friedman 1998 7687:. June 22, 1951. p. 1 5880:Nash, Eric (August 1999). 5687:United Press International 4776:Willis & Friedman 1998 4759:Willis & Friedman 1998 4722:AIA Guide to New York City 4685:AIA Guide to New York City 3646:NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building 3471: 3450:Eighth Wonder of the World 3379: 3126: 2709:Sears (later Willis) Tower 2057:Starrett Brothers and Eken 1972:Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit 1792: 1392:Eighth Wonder of the World 1239:2012 presidential election 802:National Historic Landmark 417:Starrett Brothers and Eken 29: 19884:1063 (Henry Phipps House) 19879:1058 (James Speyer House) 19829:Elbridge T. Gerry Mansion 19764: 19753: 19726: 19713: 19619: 19608: 19566: 19555: 19442:972 (Payne Whitney House) 19330: 19316: 19172:608 (Goelet/Swiss Center) 19107:401 (Tiffany and Company) 19087: 19073: 18986: 18972: 18912: 18839: 18791: 18730: 18708:Tour Financial Hub Center 18633:Mandarin Oriental Chengdu 18548: 18537: 18513: 18482: 18442: 18351: 18344: 18340: 18329: 18308: 18275: 18264: 18240: 18194: 18178: 18174: 18163: 18134: 18091:JW Marriott Marquis Dubai 18001: 17975: 17954: 17918: 17892: 17871: 17855: 17819: 17798: 17782: 17761: 17720: 17716: 17705: 17599:Comcast Technology Center 17569:875 North Michigan Avenue 17521: 17505: 17489: 17485: 17474: 17446: 17435: 17431: 17420: 17415:(300 m/984 ft and taller) 17244: 17188: 17146: 17135: 17052:Streets and intersections 17051: 17020: 17007:Grand Central–42nd Street 16987:34th Street–Herald Square 16966: 16962: 16951: 16897: 16869:Norman Thomas High School 16854:Guttman Community College 16836: 16820: 16816: 16805: 16701: 16663: 16597: 16561: 16510: 16506: 16495: 16451: 16266: 16095: 16091: 16080: 16067: 16023: 16018:Links to related articles 16000: 15991: 15983: 15972: 15961: 15951: 15942: 15932: 15923: 15913: 15907:World's tallest structure 15904: 15896: 15891: 15800:. Yale University Press. 15773:The Empire State Building 15700:Building the Empire State 15526:Reynolds, Donald (1994). 15505:Rasenberger, Jim (2009). 15455:Langmead, Donald (2009). 15281:The Empire State Building 14935:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 14848:. Reuters. March 25, 2021 13879:10.1007/s11524-007-9224-0 13259:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12986:October 14, 2008, at the 12910:Empire State Realty Trust 12850:October 20, 2012, at the 12608:The Architect's Newspaper 11423:Auburn Citizen-Advertiser 10882:ASCE Metropolitan Section 10784:. May 26, 1951. p. 1 7458:The Architect's Newspaper 7157:. Greenwood. p. 12. 4446:. Newsday. April 25, 2016 4028:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3487:. A year later, the film 3390:New York Central Railroad 3294:The Empire State Building 3284: 2921:Greater New York Councils 2888:49th-tallest in the world 2059:, which were composed of 2013:Wall Street Crash of 1929 1886:. The name came from the 1400:Visual Artists Rights Act 1080: 1001: 890:34th Street–Herald Square 724:54th-tallest in the world 680:Shreve, Lamb & Harmon 646:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 620: 615: 611: 607: 603: 595: 587: 579: 570: 566: 558: 550: 542: 533: 529: 521: 513: 504: 500: 492: 484: 475: 471: 463: 455: 446: 442: 438: 427: 422: 412: 402: 387: 377: 372: 364: 356: 348: 343: 335: 330: 322: 314: 306: 302:204 ft (62.2 m) 298: 290: 285: 281:Empire State Realty Trust 277: 267: 249: 231: 213: 195: 156: 138: 128: 114: 106: 101: 91: 81: 76: 71: 67: 55: 46: 41: 20025:Towers completed in 1953 20015:Symbols of New York City 19814:Vanderbilt Triple Palace 19804:West Presbyterian Church 19769:200 (Fifth Avenue Hotel) 19741:Fifth Avenue–59th Street 19736:Fifth Avenue/53rd Street 19662:William Tecumseh Sherman 19586:1280 (The Africa Center) 19427:Edward S. Harkness House 18921:Tourism in New York City 18693:The Stratford Residences 18419:Wuhan CTF Finance Center 17710: 17012:Times Square–42nd Street 16992:34th Street–Penn Station 16982:34th Street–Penn Station 16811:Other points of interest 16764:Metropolitan Opera House 16759:Maxine Elliott's Theatre 16655:Wyndham New Yorker Hotel 16562:Museums/cultural centers 16418:Pershing Square Building 16413:Madison Belmont Building 16393:Jonathan W. Allen Stable 16388:George S. Bowdoin Stable 16203:James A. Farley Building 16188:Engineers' Club Building 14501:. National Park Service. 13502:Gladstein, M.R. (1999). 9770:. May 2, 1931. p. 1 7556:. Lippincott. p. 20 7028:. Rough Guides. p. 6259:Diane Arbus: A Biography 4492:"Manhattan Zip Code Map" 3686: 3065:Catholic Relief Services 3059:Former tenants include: 2874:, surpassed only by the 2690: 2000:world's tallest building 1910:, of architectural firm 1782:National Weather Service 1662:stations and twenty-two 1547: 1319: 1229:Lights representing the 1113:blue, and white for the 30:Not to be confused with 19945:34th Street (Manhattan) 19849:858 (Isaac Stern House) 19824:767 (Savoy-Plaza Hotel) 19789:316 (Kaskel and Kaskel) 19614:Parks and park features 19514:Andrew Carnegie Mansion 19375:Edward J. Berwind House 19279:727 (Tiffany & Co.) 19192:British Empire Building 19182:St. Patrick's Cathedral 19162:556 (Philippine Center) 19112:424 (Lord & Taylor) 18698:Tameer Commercial Tower 18583:Dalian Greenland Center 18573:Chengdu Greenland Tower 17304:Metropolitan Life Tower 17268:New York World Building 16889:Wood Tobé–Coburn School 16879:Stern College for Women 16283:One Grand Central Place 16133:452 5th Av (HSBC Tower) 16057:Midtown (30th–42nd Sts) 15871:New York Public Library 15725:Aaseng, Nathan (1998). 15608:Taranath, B.S. (2016). 15555:"Empire State Building" 15498:2027/mdp.39015002634015 14636:New York Herald Tribune 14553:. National Park Service 14492:"Empire State Building" 14027:The Schenectady Gazette 13867:Journal of Urban Health 13794:Chivers, C. J. (2000). 13239:gbNYC Real Estate Group 13121:"New York Empire State" 12906:"Empire State Building" 10878:"Empire State Building" 10564:Brooklyn Public Library 10426:Brooklyn Public Library 9984:New York Herald Tribune 7611:Buffalo Courier-Express 7398:The Wall Street Journal 6995:"A Curious Flight Path" 6606:. Empire State Building 5513:. Empire State Building 4385:The Wall Street Journal 4152:"Empire State Building" 4077:Exploring New York City 3979:"Empire State Building" 3619:New York (state) portal 3349:George Shepard Chappell 3161:Federal Tort Claims Act 2978:Human Rights Foundation 2506:, Alfred R. Glancy and 2312:Opening and early years 2102:New York Stock Exchange 1912:Shreve, Lamb and Harmon 1882:, Coleman du Pont, and 1753:WKTU-103.5 Lake Success 1262:international LGBT icon 945: 918:Shreve, Lamb and Harmon 864:on 32nd Street between 807: 628:"Empire State Building" 382:Shreve, Lamb and Harmon 373:Design and construction 217:September 19, 1930 19694:Washington Square Park 19687:Harlem Fire Watchtower 19400:Henry Clay Frick House 19202:International Building 18891:One World Trade Center 18813:Grand Central Terminal 18668:Runhua Global Center 1 18588:Diamond Tower (Jeddah) 18568:Busan Lotte Town Tower 18424:Xi'an Greenland Center 18409:Suzhou Zhongnan Center 17931:Haeundae LCT The Sharp 17629:One World Trade Center 17367:One World Trade Center 17033:Grand Central Terminal 16253:Springs Mills Building 16004:One World Trade Center 15530:. New York: J. Wiley. 15370:. St. Martin's Press. 15257:Bascomb, Neal (2004). 13479:. 2007. Archived from 13320:The Real Deal New York 12874:The Real Deal New York 12391:The Real Deal New York 10497:. September 16, 1931. 9851:. September 22, 1929. 9377:. September 20, 1930. 9311:. September 10, 1930. 8638:Dupre, Judith (2013). 7922:Craven, Wayne (2009). 7644:"The Talk of the Town" 6219:(September 22, 2009). 6099:Lepik, Andres (2008). 3549:National Film Registry 3481:Swiss Family Manhattan 3342:Contemporary reception 3308: 3141: 3028:RaySearch Laboratories 2880:One World Trade Center 2835: 2800:One World Trade Center 2770: 2767:One World Trade Center 2758: 2603:on December 23, 1970. 2561: 2483: 2436:was intended to be an 2321: 2264: 2233: 2139: 2048: 1992:Grand Central Terminal 1956: 1855: 1823:Thomas Coleman du Pont 1676:One World Trade Center 1602:Edwin Howard Armstrong 1588: 1439: 1366: 1329: 1279: 1023: 988:1916 Zoning Resolution 955: 892:, one block west, and 712:One World Trade Center 573:New York City Landmark 536:New York City Landmark 255:; 93 years ago 237:; 93 years ago 219:; 94 years ago 201:; 94 years ago 19930:Empire State Building 19839:857 (Jay Gould House) 19794:350 (Waldorf–Astoria) 19487:Neue Galerie New York 18873:Empire State Building 18658:Palais Royale, Mumbai 18505:Waldorf Astoria Miami 18061:Emirates Office Tower 17684:Wilshire Grand Center 17604:Empire State Building 17584:Bank of America Tower 17579:Bank of America Plaza 17413:Supertall skyscrapers 17358:Empire State Building 17340:Empire State Building 17038:New York Penn Station 17028:Grand Central Madison 16915:Holy Innocents Church 16784:Sam H. Harris Theatre 16739:Herald Square Theatre 16686:Madison Square Garden 16676:New Amsterdam Theatre 16553:Wolfgang's Steakhouse 16428:Socony–Mobil Building 16228:Million Dollar Corner 16178:Empire State Building 15857:Empire State Building 15659:. Thunder Bay Press. 15585:. New York: Rizzoli. 15417:Yale University Press 15181:New York Road Runners 15021:Empire State Building 14544:National Park Service 14316:. February 24, 1997. 14075:"Picture of the Week" 13963:on February 12, 2009. 13101:on September 30, 2017 12790:The Skyscraper Center 12760:The Skyscraper Center 12730:The Skyscraper Center 11134:. December 24, 1970. 11060:. December 24, 1964. 10612:. December 18, 1951. 10317:. September 9, 1944. 9887:. February 24, 1932. 9532:Weitzman, D. (2014). 9413:. November 22, 1930. 8900:. December 14, 1929. 8525:. November 19, 1929. 8110:. December 23, 1928. 7776:Cianci, P.J. (2013). 7120:Fodor's New York City 5884:Manhattan Skyscrapers 5610:on September 20, 2001 5409:(February 23, 1964). 4184:National Park Service 3983:The Skyscraper Center 3504:An Affair to Remember 3438:Great Pyramid of Giza 3292: 3231:Suicide (Fallen Body) 3154:Guinness World Record 3136: 3093:(now located at 1123 3008:Noven Pharmaceuticals 2917:Boy Scouts of America 2833: 2764: 2753: 2734:, the famous star of 2555: 2477: 2339:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2319: 2259: 2239:Otis Elevator Company 2216: 2179:Swedish black granite 2133: 2055:The contractors were 2043: 1954: 1849: 1807:William Waldorf Astor 1586: 1553:Above the 102nd floor 1437: 1420:Otis Elevator Company 1364: 1327: 1277: 1260:of June, evoking the 1021: 953: 860:and 34th Street, and 824:to the north, in the 758:Art Deco architecture 743:Waldorf–Astoria Hotel 660:Empire State Building 180:40.74833°N 73.98528°W 42:Empire State Building 19955:Art Deco skyscrapers 19571:Mount Sinai Hospital 19294:767 (General Motors) 19157:551 (Fred F. French) 18996:47 (Salmagundi Club) 18879:Museum of Modern Art 18825:South Street Seaport 18792:More than 10 million 18688:Square Capital Tower 18578:Chongqing Tall Tower 18553:2 World Trade Center 17664:Two Prudential Plaza 17614:JPMorgan Chase Tower 17539:3 World Trade Center 17534:111 West 57th Street 16884:William Esper Studio 16474:Pennsylvania Station 16459:Bryant Hall Building 16333:152 East 38th Street 16328:146 East 38th Street 16267:5th Av – 3rd Av 16213:Macy's Herald Square 16096:8th Av – 5th Av 15776:. Harper & Row. 15156:Poughkeepsie Journal 14779:Miller, Ron (2010). 14208:. November 4, 1932. 14147:. December 5, 1947. 14055:. September 27, 1946 13483:on February 16, 2009 13365:World Monuments Fund 13188:on September 2, 2012 13131:on December 10, 2017 13125:Kaplan International 12934:. November 18, 2015. 12635:on December 28, 2013 12205:on November 22, 2010 11720:. November 1, 1991. 11096:. October 20, 1970. 10814:. October 15, 1954. 10552:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 10414:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9950:. February 8, 1931. 9615:on February 21, 2009 8948:. January 12, 1930. 8461:, pp. 610, 612. 8155:. November 3, 1912. 8059:. February 3, 1918. 7949:Lewis, N.P. (1916). 7764:Guerrero et al. 2002 7749:Guerrero et al. 2002 7550:Lessing, L. (1956). 6685:Monitor News Service 6040:Architectural Digest 5959:, pp. 612, 614. 5460:on November 27, 2013 5388:. January 21, 1964. 3605:New York City portal 3510:Sleepless in Seattle 3174:2000 elevator plunge 3053:World Monuments Fund 2864:September 11 attacks 2697:September 11 attacks 2649:Hotel New Japan Fire 2541:Prudential Insurance 2457:On July 28, 1945, a 2209:Completion and scale 1990:two blocks away and 1896:Governor of New York 1445:30 Rockefeller Plaza 1373:Until the 1960s, an 1256:lighting during the 886:New York City Subway 708:September 11 attacks 196:Construction started 19677:Madison Square Park 19644:Conservatory Garden 19437:James B. Duke House 19254:696 (The Peninsula) 19234:Saint Thomas Church 19209:641 (Olympic Tower) 19197:La Maison Francaise 19051:284 (The Wilbraham) 19041:276 (Holland House) 19031:255 (Grand Madison) 18313:No longer standing. 17728:Bank of China Tower 17497:Gran Torre Santiago 16779:Reuben's Restaurant 16724:Browne's Chop House 16681:Nederlander Theatre 16664:Venues and theaters 16625:Martinique New York 16469:Latting Observatory 16243:New York Times Bldg 16173:The Continental NYC 16158:Bryant Park Studios 15884:Columbia University 15407:Jackson, Kenneth T. 15207:"Past Race Winners" 14911:"New York-New York" 14843:See, for instance: 14825:on October 26, 2017 14612:, pp. 614–615. 14546:. January 23, 2007. 14289:New York Daily News 14029:. December 17, 1943 13923:New York Daily News 13677:New York Daily News 13613:on October 31, 2019 13395:. December 31, 1969 13347:Commercial Observer 13322:. February 14, 2011 13302:Commercial Observer 13077:Commercial Observer 13010:Commercial Observer 12137:New York Daily News 11966:New York Daily News 11498:New York Daily News 11330:, pp. 105–106. 11198:, pp. 353–354. 11031:, pp. 352–353. 10955:. August 24, 1961. 10919:. August 23, 1961. 10345:, pp. 294–295. 10270:, pp. 290–291. 10258:, pp. 286–289. 10138:New York Daily News 9743:, pp. 227–228. 9719:, pp. 100–101. 9660:, pp. 398–399. 9648:, pp. 283–284. 9522:, pp. 390–391. 9495:, pp. 130–133. 9483:, pp. 213–214. 9167:, pp. 204–205. 8928:, pp. 394–395. 8841:, pp. 198–199. 8813:. October 2, 1929. 8449:, pp. 388–389. 8396:, pp. 246–247. 8312:. August 30, 1929. 7877:on October 27, 2017 7727:, pp. 356–357. 7681:Jamestown, New York 7373:on November 5, 2017 6643:The Citizens' Voice 6469:. November 27, 2019 5835:. November 27, 2012 5808:New York Daily News 5604:"Lighting Schedule" 5324:, pp. 291–292. 4828:, pp. 413–414. 4471:Commercial Observer 4186:. January 23, 2007. 4134:figures follow the 3804:Abraham E. Lefcourt 3633:Architecture portal 3562:to royalty such as 3545:Library of Congress 3521:Daleks in Manhattan 3423:The Washington Star 3418:wonder of the world 3106:Schenley Industries 3077:(now located at 56 2968:Helios and Matheson 2956:Global Brands Group 2798:On April 30, 2012, 2756:Columbia University 2726:New York Daily News 2703:, but was only the 2384:Tenants and tourism 2284:New York Daily News 2065:William A. Starrett 1928:Daily News Building 1811:John Jacob Astor IV 1668:Bayonne, New Jersey 1656:Condé Nast Building 1304:John Hancock Center 1103:metal-halide lights 1059:Daily News Building 1045:and narrower stone 876:, which houses the 403:Structural engineer 235:April 11, 1931 199:March 17, 1930 185:40.74833; -73.98528 176: / 129:Architectural style 102:General information 19784:Caspar Samler farm 19682:Marcus Garvey Park 19526:Otto H. Kahn House 19355:Knickerbocker Club 19299:Apple Fifth Avenue 19187:Rockefeller Center 19061:350 (Empire State) 19016:170 (Sohmer Piano) 18831:Rockefeller Center 18613:Goldin Finance 117 18460:Taipei Twin Towers 18335:Under construction 18222:Mercury City Tower 18026:ADNOC Headquarters 17946:Posco Tower-Songdo 17644:The Brooklyn Tower 17589:Central Park Tower 17349:World Trade Center 17313:Woolworth Building 17151:Caspar Samler farm 17119:Park Avenue Tunnel 16635:Hotel Pennsylvania 16258:Times Square Tower 16248:Pennsylvania Plaza 16223:Marbridge Building 15263:. Broadway Books. 15213:on January 2, 2010 14959:The New York Times 14705:. February 9, 2007 14672:. April 29, 1932. 14670:The New York Times 14459:The New York Times 14345:The New York Times 14206:The New York Times 14145:The New York Times 13982:The New York Times 13949:The Herald Tribune 13833:The New York Times 13800:The New York Times 13766:The New York Times 13640:The New York Times 13420:The New York Times 13152:"Empire Expansion" 12992:Real Estate Weekly 12697:The New York Times 12164:The New York Times 12139:. December 2, 2008 12078:The New York Times 12044:The New York Times 12007:The New York Times 11982:. CNN. May 3, 2013 11937:on January 1, 2022 11921:The New York Times 11882:The New York Times 11848:The New York Times 11816:. March 22, 1995. 11814:The New York Times 11781:The New York Times 11718:The New York Times 11637:The New York Times 11602:The New York Times 11565:The New York Times 11528:The New York Times 11461:The New York Times 11387:The New York Times 11267:. August 6, 1966. 11265:The New York Times 11229:The New York Times 11170:. March 12, 1961. 11168:The New York Times 11132:The New York Times 11094:The New York Times 11058:The New York Times 11003:. August 3, 1962. 11001:The New York Times 10953:The New York Times 10917:The New York Times 10812:The New York Times 10778:Cortland, New York 10700:The New York Times 10675:on January 1, 2022 10659:The New York Times 10610:The New York Times 10495:The New York Times 10315:The New York Times 10204:The New York Times 10167:The New York Times 9948:The New York Times 9885:The New York Times 9849:The New York Times 9813:The New York Times 9768:Cortland, New York 9411:The New York Times 9375:The New York Times 9309:The New York Times 9191:The New York Times 9122:The New York Times 9088:. March 26, 1930. 9086:The New York Times 9011:The New York Times 8946:The New York Times 8898:The New York Times 8811:The New York Times 8769:The New York Times 8523:The New York Times 8310:The New York Times 8153:The New York Times 8108:The New York Times 8057:The New York Times 7816:The New York Times 7424:The New York Times 7207:on January 1, 2022 7191:The New York Times 7001:. November 5, 2001 6963:The New York Times 6828:. October 11, 2019 6766:on January 1, 2022 6750:The New York Times 6681:Olean Times-Herald 6584:on January 1, 2022 6568:The New York Times 6543:on January 1, 2022 6527:The New York Times 6356:The New York Times 6317:The New York Times 6292:. January 31, 2014 6289:The New York Times 6225:The New York Times 6174:, pp. 12, 15. 6066:The New York Times 5767:The New York Times 5636:. January 13, 2012 5531:See, for example: 5418:The New York Times 5386:The New York Times 5155:The New York Times 4892:The New York Times 4601:The New York Times 4538:The New York Times 4508:on January 7, 2021 4351:The New York Times 4314:on January 1, 2022 4298:The New York Times 4204:. November 7, 2014 4162:on August 5, 2011. 4051:SkyscraperPage.com 3931:The New York Times 3754:grandfather clause 3485:Christopher Morley 3309: 3298:Glenn Odem Coleman 3142: 3137:Wreckage from the 3075:The King's College 3013:Palo Alto Networks 2983:Human Rights Watch 2836: 2771: 2759: 2570:World Trade Center 2562: 2558:World Trade Center 2516:building's antenna 2484: 2448:United States Navy 2405:Rockefeller Center 2355:The New York Times 2322: 2265: 2234: 2140: 2038:The New York Times 1963:The New York Times 1957: 1926:'s design for the 1856: 1778:NOAA Weather Radio 1709:WPAT-93.1 Paterson 1652:digital television 1640:Alpine, New Jersey 1589: 1579:Broadcast stations 1449:Woolworth Building 1440: 1367: 1330: 1328:Fifth Avenue lobby 1280: 1164:Los Angeles Lakers 1160:January 2020 death 1142:September 11, 2001 1024: 992:Robert A. M. Stern 956: 704:topped out in 1970 700:World Trade Center 666:skyscraper in the 588:Reference no. 551:Reference no. 522:Reference no. 517:September 27, 1982 493:Reference no. 464:Reference no. 96:World Trade Center 19970:Midtown Manhattan 19917: 19916: 19911: 19910: 19907: 19906: 19859:Ogden Mills House 19749: 19748: 19709: 19708: 19669:Pulitzer Fountain 19604: 19603: 19561:Above 96th Street 19551: 19550: 19345:Metropolitan Club 19312: 19311: 19304:768 (Plaza Hotel) 19274:721 (Trump Tower) 19069: 19068: 18927: 18926: 18885:Statue of Liberty 18751: 18750: 18726: 18725: 18598:Dubai Towers Doha 18533: 18532: 18529: 18528: 18478: 18477: 18394:North Bund Centre 18364:Evergrande Center 18325: 18324: 18321: 18320: 18304: 18303: 18300: 18299: 18260: 18259: 18256: 18255: 18159: 18158: 18155: 18154: 18016:Address Boulevard 17936:Lotte World Tower 17701: 17700: 17697: 17696: 17674:Wells Fargo Plaza 17639:St. Regis Chicago 17594:Chrysler Building 17470: 17469: 17466: 17465: 17379: 17378: 17371: 17362: 17353: 17344: 17335: 17331:Chrysler Building 17326: 17317: 17308: 17299: 17290: 17286:Park Row Building 17281: 17272: 17263: 17200: 17199: 17184: 17183: 17131: 17130: 17127: 17126: 16947: 16946: 16943: 16942: 16801: 16800: 16797: 16796: 16610:The Knickerbocker 16589:Scandinavia House 16584:Museum of the Dog 16491: 16490: 16487: 16486: 16438:Union League Club 16383:Demarest Building 16011: 16010: 16001:Succeeded by 15952:Succeeded by 15933:Succeeded by 15914:Succeeded by 15900:Chrysler Building 15863:Skyscraper Center 15828:978-0-471-40394-4 15807:978-0-300-10622-0 15783:978-0-06-012172-3 15762:978-1-57912-942-2 15738:978-1-881508-59-5 15709:978-0-393-73030-2 15690:978-1-56898-044-7 15666:978-1-59223-105-8 15647:978-0-684-19678-7 15621:978-1-4398-5090-9 15592:978-0-8478-3096-1 15537:978-0-471-01439-3 15518:978-0-06-174675-8 15511:. HarperCollins. 15481:Popular Mechanics 15468:978-0-313-34207-3 15447:978-0-471-36257-9 15426:978-0-300-11465-2 15398:978-0-7567-2547-1 15377:978-0-312-24455-2 15354:978-1-4000-0498-0 15333:978-0-8122-0260-1 15312:978-0-7864-2030-8 15291:978-0-7607-3889-4 15270:978-0-7679-1268-6 15249:978-1-317-60866-0 15017:"TV & Movies" 14994:. January 3, 1997 14792:978-0-7613-5989-0 14760:on August 2, 2010 14461:. July 17, 1981. 14380:. August 24, 2012 14184:978-0-676-90495-6 14120:978-0-8264-1334-5 13984:. April 7, 1931. 13768:. July 26, 1946. 13705:on March 17, 2006 13642:. July 29, 1945. 13515:978-0-313-30321-0 12792:. April 7, 2016. 12762:. April 7, 2016. 12732:. April 7, 2016. 12419:. August 23, 2018 12337:. August 23, 2016 12113:. August 30, 2006 11439:fultonhistory.com 10794:fultonhistory.com 10774:Cortland Standard 10474:fultonhistory.com 10107:on April 19, 2010 9780:fultonhistory.com 9764:Cortland Standard 9696:978-0-313-33522-8 9545:978-1-4668-6981-3 9124:. April 1, 1930. 9013:. March 6, 1930. 8708:fultonhistory.com 8651:978-1-57912-942-2 8580:, pp. 98–99. 8568:, pp. 31–32. 8222:, pp. 85–87. 7935:978-0-393-06754-5 7851:. October 1, 2013 7789:978-0-7864-8797-4 7697:fultonhistory.com 7677:Jamestown Journal 7623:fultonhistory.com 7524:978-0-313-33416-0 7497:. pp. 24–31. 7274:Popular Mechanics 7164:978-0-313-35505-9 7130:978-0-8041-4370-7 7097:978-2-06-100408-1 7039:978-1-84836-590-2 6880:on March 16, 2010 6853:Untapped New York 6697:fultonhistory.com 6112:978-3-7913-3992-4 5899:978-1-56898-181-9 5312:, pp. 16–17. 5044:, pp. 11–12. 4732:978-0-8129-3107-5 4695:978-0-19538-386-7 4087:978-0-679-03559-6 3847:. August 22, 2018 3641:Early skyscrapers 3262:shot seven people 3193:attempted suicide 2962:Filipino Reporter 2776:energy efficiency 2531:Harry B. Helmsley 2512:Cortland Standard 2347:Statue of Liberty 2145:Indiana Limestone 2136:Chrysler Building 2106:Wall Street Crash 2008:Chrysler Building 1916:Reynolds Building 1884:Pierre S. du Pont 1827:replacement hotel 1801:of the prominent 1765:WQXR-105.9 Newark 1737:WHTZ-100.3 Newark 1648:analog television 1521:In early 1994, a 1486:Stephen Wiltshire 1430:Observation decks 1388:1964 World's Fair 1309:Popular Mechanics 1012:Indiana limestone 841:assigned its own 820:to the south and 762:observation decks 656: 655: 596:Designated entity 559:Designated entity 488:November 17, 1982 407:Homer Gage Balcom 344:Technical details 150:, New York, 10118 123:observation decks 86:Chrysler Building 16:(Redirected from 20032: 19755: 19754: 19715: 19714: 19656:Grand Army Plaza 19639:Central Park Zoo 19610: 19609: 19557: 19556: 19405:Frick Collection 19318: 19317: 19075: 19074: 19026:200 (Toy Center) 18974: 18973: 18954: 18947: 18940: 18931: 18930: 18778: 18771: 18764: 18755: 18754: 18678:Sino-Steel Tower 18539: 18538: 18495:520 Fifth Avenue 18404:South Asian Gate 18349: 18348: 18342: 18341: 18331: 18330: 18314: 18277: 18276: 18266: 18265: 18212:Federation Tower 18202:City of Capitals 18176: 18175: 18165: 18164: 18106:The Marina Torch 18021:Address Downtown 17983:Baiyoke Tower II 17900:The Clock Towers 17863:Metrobank Center 17827:The Exchange 106 17718: 17717: 17707: 17706: 17634:Salesforce Tower 17529:1 Manhattan West 17487: 17486: 17476: 17475: 17448: 17447: 17437: 17436: 17433: 17432: 17422: 17421: 17406: 17399: 17392: 17383: 17382: 17369: 17360: 17351: 17342: 17333: 17324: 17315: 17306: 17297: 17288: 17279: 17270: 17261: 17254: 17227: 17220: 17213: 17204: 17203: 17156:Garment District 17137: 17136: 17104:Lexington Avenue 16964: 16963: 16953: 16952: 16818: 16817: 16807: 16806: 16774:Princess Theatre 16744:Hotel Pierrepont 16719:Broadway Theatre 16538:Keens Steakhouse 16528:The Cutting Room 16508: 16507: 16497: 16496: 16402:Polish Consulate 16272: 16168:Candler Building 16093: 16092: 16082: 16081: 16050: 16043: 16036: 16027: 16026: 16014: 16013: 15984:Preceded by 15897:Preceded by 15889: 15888: 15853: 15848: 15847: 15845:Official website 15832: 15811: 15787: 15766: 15742: 15713: 15694: 15670: 15651: 15639: 15625: 15604: 15584: 15573: 15571: 15561: 15559: 15549: 15522: 15501: 15484: 15472: 15451: 15430: 15402: 15381: 15369: 15358: 15337: 15316: 15295: 15274: 15253: 15223: 15222: 15220: 15218: 15203: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15192: 15187:on July 16, 2011 15173: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15162: 15147: 15141: 15135: 15129: 15128: 15126: 15124: 15109: 15103: 15102: 15100: 15098: 15082: 15076: 15070: 15059: 15053: 15044: 15038: 15032: 15031: 15029: 15027: 15013: 15004: 15003: 15001: 14999: 14984: 14978: 14977: 14975: 14973: 14950: 14941: 14940: 14934: 14926: 14924: 14922: 14907: 14901: 14900: 14898: 14896: 14891:. March 28, 2018 14881: 14880: 14878: 14861: 14855: 14853: 14841: 14835: 14834: 14832: 14830: 14821:. Archived from 14810: 14804: 14803: 14801: 14799: 14776: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14765: 14750: 14744: 14743: 14741: 14739: 14729: 14721: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14710: 14695: 14689: 14688: 14686: 14684: 14662: 14656: 14655: 14631: 14625: 14619: 14613: 14607: 14601: 14600: 14594: 14586: 14580: 14579: 14569: 14563: 14562: 14560: 14558: 14547: 14530: 14524: 14523: 14517: 14509: 14503: 14502: 14496: 14487: 14478: 14477: 14475: 14473: 14451: 14445: 14439: 14433: 14427: 14416: 14415: 14413: 14411: 14396: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14385: 14370: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14359: 14336: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14325: 14306: 14300: 14299: 14297: 14295: 14280: 14274: 14268: 14262: 14261: 14243: 14237: 14231: 14225: 14224: 14222: 14220: 14203: 14195: 14189: 14188: 14170: 14164: 14163: 14161: 14159: 14142: 14134: 14125: 14124: 14104: 14098: 14097: 14095: 14093: 14071: 14065: 14064: 14062: 14060: 14045: 14039: 14038: 14036: 14034: 14019: 14013: 14007: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13996: 13979: 13971: 13965: 13964: 13959:. Archived from 13940: 13934: 13933: 13931: 13929: 13915: 13909: 13908: 13898: 13858: 13852: 13851: 13849: 13847: 13825: 13819: 13818: 13816: 13814: 13791: 13785: 13784: 13782: 13780: 13763: 13755: 13749: 13743: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13721: 13715: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13695: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13684: 13668: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13637: 13629: 13623: 13622: 13620: 13618: 13609:. Archived from 13603: 13597: 13596: 13591: 13589: 13578: 13572: 13571: 13566: 13564: 13545: 13539: 13533: 13527: 13526: 13524: 13522: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13488: 13469: 13463: 13445: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13434: 13411: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13385: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13357: 13351: 13350: 13338: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13293: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13282: 13271: 13265: 13264: 13258: 13250: 13248: 13246: 13230: 13224: 13223: 13221: 13219: 13204: 13198: 13197: 13195: 13193: 13184:. Archived from 13173: 13167: 13166: 13164: 13162: 13147: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13117: 13111: 13110: 13108: 13106: 13097:. Archived from 13087: 13081: 13080: 13068: 13062: 13061: 13059: 13057: 13046: 13040: 13039: 13037: 13035: 13020: 13014: 13013: 13001: 12995: 12994:. June 30, 2004. 12977: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12957: 12952:. April 18, 2012 12942: 12936: 12935: 12928: 12922: 12921: 12919: 12917: 12912:. April 27, 2012 12902: 12885: 12884: 12882: 12880: 12865: 12859: 12841: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12815: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12782: 12776: 12775: 12773: 12771: 12752: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12741: 12722: 12716: 12715: 12713: 12711: 12694: 12685: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12674: 12651: 12645: 12644: 12642: 12640: 12631:. Archived from 12625: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12614: 12599: 12590: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12570: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12559: 12544: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12533: 12518: 12512: 12511: 12509: 12507: 12502:on July 30, 2019 12488: 12482: 12481: 12479: 12477: 12462: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12451: 12435: 12429: 12428: 12426: 12424: 12413: 12402: 12401: 12399: 12397: 12382: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12371: 12356: 12347: 12346: 12344: 12342: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12316: 12301: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12290: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12258: 12252: 12246: 12237: 12236: 12224: 12215: 12214: 12212: 12210: 12204: 12198:. Archived from 12192: 12183: 12182: 12180: 12178: 12155: 12149: 12148: 12146: 12144: 12129: 12123: 12122: 12120: 12118: 12103: 12097: 12096: 12094: 12092: 12069: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12058: 12035: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12021: 11998: 11992: 11991: 11989: 11987: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11968:. April 30, 2012 11958: 11947: 11946: 11944: 11942: 11936: 11931:. Archived from 11912: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11873: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11862: 11839: 11833: 11832: 11830: 11828: 11806: 11800: 11799: 11797: 11795: 11772: 11763: 11762: 11760: 11758: 11753:. April 18, 2016 11743: 11737: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11710: 11704: 11703: 11701: 11699: 11693: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11667:The Buffalo News 11658: 11649: 11648: 11646: 11644: 11627: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11593: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11579: 11556: 11547: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11519: 11510: 11509: 11507: 11505: 11489: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11452: 11443: 11442: 11436: 11434: 11420: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11401: 11378: 11372: 11366: 11357: 11356: 11354: 11352: 11337: 11331: 11325: 11319: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11309:. April 30, 2012 11299: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11279: 11262: 11254: 11248: 11247: 11245: 11243: 11220: 11214: 11208: 11199: 11193: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11182: 11165: 11157: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11146: 11124: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11108: 11086: 11077: 11076: 11074: 11072: 11050: 11044: 11038: 11032: 11026: 11020: 11019: 11017: 11015: 10998: 10990: 10984: 10978: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10950: 10942: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10914: 10906: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10888: 10874: 10865: 10864: 10854: 10852: 10837: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10804: 10798: 10797: 10791: 10789: 10782:Associated Press 10771: 10763: 10757: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10725: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10691: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10674: 10669:. Archived from 10650: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10602: 10596: 10595:, pp. 1188. 10590: 10584: 10578: 10572: 10571: 10561: 10559: 10544: 10535: 10529: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10492: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10471: 10469: 10462:Associated Press 10451: 10443: 10434: 10433: 10423: 10421: 10406: 10400: 10399: 10391: 10382: 10376: 10370: 10364: 10358: 10352: 10346: 10340: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10312: 10304: 10298: 10292: 10286: 10280: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10247: 10241: 10235: 10229: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10195: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10158: 10149: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10129: 10120: 10116: 10114: 10112: 10103:. Archived from 10091: 10043: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10019: 10013: 10007: 9996: 9995: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9940: 9934: 9928: 9919: 9913: 9904: 9903: 9901: 9899: 9882: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9846: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9810: 9802: 9796: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9777: 9775: 9761: 9753: 9744: 9738: 9732: 9726: 9720: 9714: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9680: 9661: 9658:Rasenberger 2009 9655: 9649: 9643: 9637: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9605: 9599: 9593: 9584: 9578: 9569: 9566:Rasenberger 2009 9563: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9552: 9529: 9523: 9520:Rasenberger 2009 9517: 9511: 9505: 9496: 9490: 9484: 9478: 9472: 9466: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9408: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9372: 9364: 9355: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9306: 9298: 9292: 9286: 9273: 9267: 9261: 9258:Rasenberger 2009 9255: 9249: 9243: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9188: 9179: 9168: 9162: 9156: 9150: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9119: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9083: 9075: 9069: 9063: 9057: 9051: 9045: 9039: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9008: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8982: 8976: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8960: 8943: 8935: 8929: 8926:Rasenberger 2009 8923: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8912: 8895: 8887: 8881: 8875: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8808: 8800: 8794: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8765: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8736: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8705: 8703: 8696:Associated Press 8685: 8676: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8635: 8626: 8620: 8611: 8605: 8596: 8590: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8554: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8520: 8512: 8506: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8477: 8471: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8447:Rasenberger 2009 8444: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8370: 8364: 8358: 8352: 8346: 8340: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8307: 8299: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8262: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8229: 8223: 8217: 8206: 8200: 8189: 8183: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8100: 8091: 8085: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8054: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8017: 8011: 8005: 7999: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7694: 7692: 7685:Associated Press 7674: 7666: 7653: 7652: 7646: 7638: 7627: 7626: 7620: 7618: 7608: 7600: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7572: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7547: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7508: 7499: 7498: 7486: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7369:. Archived from 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7332: 7323: 7322:, pp. 1344. 7317: 7308: 7302: 7283: 7282: 7268: 7259: 7253: 7234: 7228: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7206: 7201:. Archived from 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7115: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7027: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6991: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6941: 6939: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6818: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6787: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6765: 6760:. Archived from 6741: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6710: 6701: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6678: 6669: 6658: 6657: 6651: 6649: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6583: 6578:. Archived from 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6542: 6537:. Archived from 6518: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6488: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6459: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6347: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6253: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6213: 6204: 6198: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6160: 6154: 6139: 6133: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6096: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5975: 5969: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5921: 5915: 5904: 5903: 5887: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5782: 5777:. Archived from 5758: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5479: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5450: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5415: 5407:Lelyveld, Joseph 5403: 5402: 5400: 5378: 5369: 5363: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5334: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5280: 5274: 5257: 5251: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5202: 5193: 5187: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5129:The Herald-Times 5120: 5114: 5108: 5099: 5093: 5082: 5081: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4976: 4970: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4934: 4928: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4889: 4881: 4866: 4860: 4829: 4823: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4779: 4773: 4762: 4756: 4737: 4736: 4713: 4700: 4699: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4637: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4535: 4527: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4504:. Archived from 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4436: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4414:Business Insider 4405: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4313: 4308:. Archived from 4289: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4270: 4255: 4246: 4240: 4229: 4223: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4148: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4108: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4071: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4019: 4005: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3975: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3928: 3920: 3909: 3903: 3882: 3876: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3837: 3812: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3773: 3766: 3757: 3750:floor area ratio 3745: 3736: 3725: 3716: 3709: 3700: 3697: 3635: 3630: 3629: 3621: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3607: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3516:Independence Day 3462:Paradise, Nevada 3407:Jonathan Glancey 3395:Lincoln Memorial 3361:The New Republic 3307: 3304: 3210:On May 1, 1947, 3183:Suicide attempts 3123:1945 plane crash 3043:Turkish Airlines 2781:Air conditioning 2746:2010s to present 2668: 2657: 2646: 2527:Lawrence A. Wien 2500:Roger L. Stevens 2390:608 Fifth Avenue 2331:Washington, D.C. 2110:Great Depression 2084:Hotel demolition 2021:William Van Alen 2002:" was underway. 1978:station and the 1872:Louis G. Kaufman 1799:John Jacob Astor 1695:WXTV-41 Paterson 1672:Governors Island 1523:motion simulator 1517:New York Skyride 1504: 1471: 1462: 1249: 1226: 1168:James Earl Jones 1119:New York Rangers 996:500 Fifth Avenue 937: 936: 932: 929: 828:neighborhood of 747:Great Depression 706:; following the 690:of the state of 670:neighborhood of 651: 645: 637: 625: 434: 431: 336:Other dimensions 263: 261: 256: 245: 243: 238: 227: 225: 220: 209: 207: 202: 191: 190: 188: 187: 186: 181: 177: 174: 173: 172: 169: 60: 51: 39: 38: 21: 18:New York Skyride 20040: 20039: 20035: 20034: 20033: 20031: 20030: 20029: 19920: 19919: 19918: 19913: 19912: 19903: 19809:Temple Emanu-El 19760: 19745: 19722: 19720:Subway stations 19705: 19615: 19600: 19562: 19547: 19340:785 (Park Cinq) 19326: 19308: 19249:693 (St. Regis) 19083: 19065: 18982: 18968: 18958: 18928: 18923: 18915: 18908: 18842:annual visitors 18841: 18840:1 to 10 million 18835: 18794:annual visitors 18793: 18787: 18782: 18752: 18747: 18722: 18558:45 Broad Street 18544: 18525: 18509: 18490:270 Park Avenue 18474: 18438: 18336: 18317: 18312: 18296: 18271: 18252: 18236: 18190: 18170: 18151: 18130: 18056:Elite Residence 18051:DAMAC Residenze 18003: 17997: 17971: 17950: 17914: 17888: 17867: 17851: 17842:Petronas Towers 17815: 17794: 17790:Abu Dhabi Plaza 17778: 17757: 17712: 17693: 17669:U.S. Bank Tower 17609:Franklin Center 17559:50 Hudson Yards 17554:432 Park Avenue 17549:35 Hudson Yards 17544:30 Hudson Yards 17517: 17513:Torres Obispado 17501: 17481: 17462: 17442: 17427: 17416: 17410: 17380: 17375: 17295:Singer Building 17240: 17231: 17201: 17196: 17180: 17142: 17123: 17047: 17016: 16958: 16939: 16893: 16832: 16812: 16793: 16754:Liberty Theatre 16734:Garrick Theatre 16697: 16659: 16640:The Roger Hotel 16593: 16557: 16502: 16483: 16479:Waldorf–Astoria 16447: 16368:Chanin Building 16268: 16262: 16087: 16076: 16063: 16054: 16019: 16007: 15997: 15989: 15978: 15967: 15957: 15948: 15938: 15936:Ostankino Tower 15929: 15919: 15910: 15902: 15843: 15842: 15839: 15829: 15808: 15784: 15763: 15739: 15721: 15719:Further reading 15716: 15710: 15702:. W.W. Norton. 15691: 15667: 15648: 15622: 15593: 15569: 15557: 15538: 15519: 15469: 15448: 15427: 15399: 15378: 15355: 15334: 15313: 15292: 15271: 15250: 15231: 15226: 15216: 15214: 15205: 15204: 15200: 15190: 15188: 15175: 15174: 15170: 15160: 15158: 15148: 15144: 15136: 15132: 15122: 15120: 15110: 15106: 15096: 15094: 15084: 15083: 15079: 15071: 15062: 15054: 15047: 15039: 15035: 15025: 15023: 15015: 15014: 15007: 14997: 14995: 14992:Chicago Tribune 14986: 14985: 14981: 14971: 14969: 14951: 14944: 14928: 14927: 14920: 14918: 14909: 14908: 14904: 14894: 14892: 14883: 14876: 14874: 14851: 14849: 14844: 14842: 14838: 14828: 14826: 14811: 14807: 14797: 14795: 14793: 14777: 14773: 14763: 14761: 14752: 14751: 14747: 14737: 14735: 14727: 14723: 14722: 14718: 14708: 14706: 14697: 14696: 14692: 14682: 14680: 14664: 14663: 14659: 14633: 14632: 14628: 14620: 14616: 14608: 14604: 14587: 14583: 14570: 14566: 14556: 14554: 14549: 14532: 14531: 14527: 14515: 14511: 14510: 14506: 14494: 14488: 14481: 14471: 14469: 14453: 14452: 14448: 14440: 14436: 14428: 14419: 14409: 14407: 14397: 14393: 14383: 14381: 14372: 14371: 14367: 14357: 14355: 14337: 14333: 14323: 14321: 14308: 14307: 14303: 14293: 14291: 14281: 14277: 14269: 14265: 14258: 14244: 14240: 14232: 14228: 14218: 14216: 14201: 14197: 14196: 14192: 14185: 14171: 14167: 14157: 14155: 14140: 14136: 14135: 14128: 14121: 14105: 14101: 14091: 14089: 14073: 14072: 14068: 14058: 14056: 14053:Tuscaloosa News 14047: 14046: 14042: 14032: 14030: 14021: 14020: 14016: 14008: 14004: 13994: 13992: 13977: 13973: 13972: 13968: 13941: 13937: 13927: 13925: 13917: 13916: 13912: 13859: 13855: 13845: 13843: 13827: 13826: 13822: 13812: 13810: 13792: 13788: 13778: 13776: 13761: 13757: 13756: 13752: 13744: 13740: 13730: 13728: 13723: 13722: 13718: 13708: 13706: 13697: 13696: 13692: 13682: 13680: 13669: 13662: 13652: 13650: 13635: 13631: 13630: 13626: 13616: 13614: 13605: 13604: 13600: 13587: 13585: 13580: 13579: 13575: 13562: 13560: 13559:on July 1, 1998 13547: 13546: 13542: 13534: 13530: 13520: 13518: 13516: 13500: 13496: 13486: 13484: 13471: 13470: 13466: 13456:Wayback Machine 13446: 13442: 13432: 13430: 13412: 13408: 13398: 13396: 13387: 13386: 13379: 13369: 13367: 13359: 13358: 13354: 13339: 13335: 13325: 13323: 13314: 13313: 13309: 13294: 13290: 13280: 13278: 13273: 13272: 13268: 13252: 13251: 13244: 13242: 13231: 13227: 13217: 13215: 13206: 13205: 13201: 13191: 13189: 13174: 13170: 13160: 13158: 13148: 13144: 13134: 13132: 13119: 13118: 13114: 13104: 13102: 13089: 13088: 13084: 13069: 13065: 13055: 13053: 13048: 13047: 13043: 13033: 13031: 13021: 13017: 13002: 12998: 12988:Wayback Machine 12978: 12965: 12955: 12953: 12944: 12943: 12939: 12930: 12929: 12925: 12915: 12913: 12904: 12903: 12888: 12878: 12876: 12866: 12862: 12852:Wayback Machine 12842: 12838: 12828: 12826: 12816: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12784: 12783: 12779: 12769: 12767: 12754: 12753: 12749: 12739: 12737: 12724: 12723: 12719: 12709: 12707: 12692: 12686: 12682: 12672: 12670: 12668: 12652: 12648: 12638: 12636: 12627: 12626: 12622: 12612: 12610: 12600: 12593: 12583: 12581: 12571: 12567: 12557: 12555: 12545: 12541: 12531: 12529: 12519: 12515: 12505: 12503: 12490: 12489: 12485: 12475: 12473: 12463: 12459: 12449: 12447: 12436: 12432: 12422: 12420: 12415: 12414: 12405: 12395: 12393: 12383: 12379: 12369: 12367: 12357: 12350: 12340: 12338: 12329: 12328: 12324: 12314: 12312: 12302: 12298: 12288: 12286: 12282: 12281: 12277: 12267: 12265: 12260: 12259: 12255: 12247: 12240: 12233:Foreign Affairs 12225: 12218: 12208: 12206: 12202: 12194: 12193: 12186: 12176: 12174: 12156: 12152: 12142: 12140: 12131: 12130: 12126: 12116: 12114: 12105: 12104: 12100: 12090: 12088: 12070: 12066: 12056: 12054: 12036: 12029: 12019: 12017: 11999: 11995: 11985: 11983: 11978: 11971: 11969: 11960: 11959: 11950: 11940: 11938: 11913: 11904: 11894: 11892: 11874: 11870: 11860: 11858: 11840: 11836: 11826: 11824: 11808: 11807: 11803: 11793: 11791: 11773: 11766: 11756: 11754: 11745: 11744: 11740: 11730: 11728: 11712: 11711: 11707: 11697: 11695: 11691: 11687: 11686: 11682: 11672: 11670: 11659: 11652: 11642: 11640: 11628: 11624: 11614: 11612: 11594: 11587: 11577: 11575: 11557: 11550: 11540: 11538: 11520: 11513: 11503: 11501: 11490: 11483: 11473: 11471: 11453: 11446: 11432: 11430: 11418: 11414: 11413: 11409: 11399: 11397: 11379: 11375: 11367: 11360: 11350: 11348: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11326: 11322: 11312: 11310: 11301: 11300: 11287: 11277: 11275: 11260: 11256: 11255: 11251: 11241: 11239: 11221: 11217: 11209: 11202: 11194: 11190: 11180: 11178: 11163: 11159: 11158: 11154: 11144: 11142: 11126: 11125: 11116: 11106: 11104: 11088: 11087: 11080: 11070: 11068: 11052: 11051: 11047: 11039: 11035: 11027: 11023: 11013: 11011: 10996: 10992: 10991: 10987: 10979: 10975: 10965: 10963: 10948: 10944: 10943: 10939: 10929: 10927: 10912: 10908: 10907: 10896: 10886: 10884: 10876: 10875: 10868: 10857:Chicago Tribune 10850: 10848: 10845:Chicago Tribune 10839: 10838: 10834: 10824: 10822: 10806: 10805: 10801: 10787: 10785: 10769: 10765: 10764: 10760: 10752: 10748: 10738: 10736: 10726: 10722: 10712: 10710: 10692: 10688: 10678: 10676: 10651: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10604: 10603: 10599: 10591: 10587: 10579: 10575: 10557: 10555: 10546: 10545: 10538: 10530: 10517: 10507: 10505: 10490: 10486: 10485: 10481: 10467: 10465: 10449: 10445: 10444: 10437: 10419: 10417: 10408: 10407: 10403: 10392: 10385: 10377: 10373: 10365: 10361: 10353: 10349: 10341: 10337: 10327: 10325: 10310: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10293: 10289: 10285:, p. 1326. 10281: 10274: 10266: 10262: 10254: 10250: 10242: 10238: 10230: 10226: 10216: 10214: 10196: 10189: 10179: 10177: 10159: 10152: 10142: 10140: 10130: 10123: 10119: 10110: 10108: 10080: 10044: 10040: 10032: 10028: 10020: 10016: 10008: 9999: 9979: 9975: 9965: 9963: 9942: 9941: 9937: 9929: 9922: 9914: 9907: 9897: 9895: 9880: 9876: 9875: 9871: 9861: 9859: 9844: 9840: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9815:. May 2, 1931. 9808: 9804: 9803: 9799: 9791: 9787: 9773: 9771: 9759: 9755: 9754: 9747: 9739: 9735: 9727: 9723: 9715: 9711: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9681: 9664: 9656: 9652: 9644: 9640: 9632: 9628: 9618: 9616: 9607: 9606: 9602: 9594: 9587: 9579: 9572: 9564: 9560: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9530: 9526: 9518: 9514: 9506: 9499: 9491: 9487: 9479: 9475: 9467: 9460: 9452: 9448: 9440: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9406: 9402: 9401: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9370: 9366: 9365: 9358: 9350: 9346: 9338: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9304: 9300: 9299: 9295: 9287: 9276: 9268: 9264: 9256: 9252: 9244: 9240: 9232: 9228: 9220: 9213: 9203: 9201: 9186: 9180: 9171: 9163: 9159: 9151: 9144: 9134: 9132: 9117: 9113: 9112: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9081: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9064: 9060: 9052: 9048: 9040: 9033: 9023: 9021: 9006: 9002: 9001: 8997: 8989: 8985: 8977: 8968: 8958: 8956: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8924: 8920: 8910: 8908: 8893: 8889: 8888: 8884: 8876: 8869: 8861: 8857: 8849: 8845: 8837: 8833: 8823: 8821: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8763: 8759: 8758: 8754: 8746: 8739: 8731: 8727: 8719: 8715: 8701: 8699: 8692:Utica, New York 8683: 8677: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8636: 8629: 8621: 8614: 8606: 8599: 8591: 8584: 8576: 8572: 8564: 8557: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8518: 8514: 8513: 8509: 8501: 8497: 8489: 8480: 8472: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8421: 8412: 8404: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8380: 8373: 8365: 8361: 8353: 8349: 8341: 8332: 8322: 8320: 8305: 8301: 8300: 8283: 8275: 8271: 8263: 8252: 8242: 8240: 8237:Chicago Tribune 8231: 8230: 8226: 8218: 8209: 8201: 8192: 8184: 8175: 8165: 8163: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8134: 8130: 8120: 8118: 8102: 8101: 8094: 8086: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8052: 8048: 8047: 8043: 8035: 8031: 8018: 8014: 8006: 8002: 7994: 7990: 7982: 7971: 7961: 7959: 7947: 7943: 7936: 7920: 7916: 7906: 7904: 7902:www.weather.gov 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7828: 7826: 7808: 7804: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7774: 7770: 7762: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7716: 7708: 7704: 7690: 7688: 7672: 7668: 7667: 7656: 7639: 7630: 7616: 7614: 7606: 7602: 7601: 7594: 7584: 7582: 7573: 7569: 7559: 7557: 7548: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7509: 7502: 7487: 7472: 7462: 7460: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7416: 7412: 7402: 7400: 7390: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7326: 7318: 7311: 7303: 7286: 7269: 7262: 7254: 7237: 7229: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7018: 7014: 7004: 7002: 6993: 6992: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6955: 6951: 6937: 6935: 6923: 6919: 6909: 6907: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6857: 6855: 6845: 6841: 6831: 6829: 6820: 6819: 6810: 6800: 6798: 6788: 6779: 6769: 6767: 6742: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6711: 6704: 6690: 6688: 6676: 6670: 6661: 6647: 6645: 6635: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6519: 6510: 6500: 6498: 6490: 6489: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6449: 6443:Al-Kodmany 2017 6441: 6437: 6427: 6425: 6424:. June 16, 2011 6416: 6415: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6387:Popular Science 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6348: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6309: 6305: 6295: 6293: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6270: 6254: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6214: 6207: 6199: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6142: 6134: 6127: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6097: 6088: 6078: 6076: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6032: 6028: 6020: 6007: 5999: 5995: 5987: 5978: 5970: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5907: 5900: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5836: 5833:Huffington Post 5827: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5784: 5783:on July 9, 2013 5759: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5679: 5675: 5665: 5663: 5661:NBC Los Angeles 5653: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5543: 5541: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5463: 5461: 5454:"Hotel History" 5452: 5451: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5413: 5398: 5396: 5380: 5379: 5372: 5364: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5335: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5283: 5275: 5260: 5252: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5220: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5203: 5196: 5190:Al-Kodmany 2017 5188: 5177: 5167: 5165: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5121: 5117: 5109: 5102: 5094: 5085: 5070: 5066: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5040: 5036: 5028: 5024: 5016: 5012: 5004: 4979: 4971: 4964: 4960:, pp. 8–9. 4956: 4952: 4944: 4937: 4929: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4869: 4861: 4832: 4824: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4795: 4782: 4774: 4765: 4757: 4740: 4733: 4714: 4703: 4696: 4677: 4673: 4665: 4661: 4651: 4649: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4540:. May 1, 1980. 4533: 4529: 4528: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4438: 4437: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4406: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4290: 4281: 4268: 4266: 4264:Washington Post 4256: 4249: 4241: 4232: 4224: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4150: 4149: 4142: 4123: 4121: 4109: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4072: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4045: 4044: 4037: 4021: 4020: 4006: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3977: 3976: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3933:. May 2, 1931. 3926: 3922: 3921: 3912: 3904: 3885: 3877: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3839: 3838: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3776: 3767: 3760: 3746: 3739: 3726: 3719: 3710: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3603: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3572: 3476: 3470: 3399:Paul Goldberger 3382: 3373:Douglas Haskell 3344: 3305: 3301: 3287: 3278:shot and killed 3258: 3185: 3176: 3131: 3125: 3120: 3057: 2904: 2902:Notable tenants 2856:Ostankino Tower 2828: 2748: 2693: 2688: 2662: 2660:Hotel New Japan 2651: 2640: 2613: 2611:1980s and 1990s 2593:Ostankino Tower 2582:Austin J. Tobin 2574:Lower Manhattan 2550: 2472: 2430: 2386: 2314: 2302:Jim Rasenberger 2247:Concrete mixers 2211: 2194:steel structure 2163:mass production 2128: 2126:Steel structure 2086: 2053: 2017:Walter Chrysler 1949: 1936:1916 Zoning Act 1932:Richmond Shreve 1908:William F. Lamb 1892:Alfred E. Smith 1852:Waldorf-Astoria 1844: 1839: 1815:Waldorf–Astoria 1795: 1786:Upton, New York 1636:Armstrong Tower 1581: 1572:House of Dragon 1555: 1550: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1510: 1505: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1464: 1463: 1432: 1416: 1335:revolving doors 1322: 1272: 1265: 1254:rainbow-colored 1250: 1241: 1227: 1183:Stranger Things 1115:New York Knicks 1083: 1036:stainless steel 1004: 981:§ Interior 948: 934: 930: 927: 925: 914: 882:Graduate Center 810: 756:The building's 662:is a 102-story 652: 639: 638: 626: 599:Interior: Lobby 575: 538: 509: 480: 451: 428: 413:Main contractor 365:Lifts/elevators 272: 259: 257: 254: 241: 239: 236: 223: 221: 218: 205: 203: 200: 184: 182: 178: 175: 170: 167: 165: 163: 162: 151: 146: 119:Office building 63: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20038: 20028: 20027: 20022: 20017: 20012: 20007: 20002: 19997: 19992: 19987: 19982: 19977: 19972: 19967: 19962: 19957: 19952: 19947: 19942: 19937: 19932: 19915: 19914: 19909: 19908: 19905: 19904: 19902: 19901: 19899:Temple Beth-El 19896: 19891: 19886: 19881: 19876: 19871: 19866: 19861: 19856: 19851: 19846: 19841: 19836: 19831: 19826: 19821: 19816: 19811: 19806: 19801: 19796: 19791: 19786: 19781: 19776: 19774:Hotel Victoria 19771: 19765: 19762: 19761: 19751: 19750: 19747: 19746: 19744: 19743: 19738: 19733: 19727: 19724: 19723: 19711: 19710: 19707: 19706: 19704: 19703: 19702: 19701: 19691: 19690: 19689: 19679: 19674: 19673: 19672: 19665: 19653: 19652: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19626: 19620: 19617: 19616: 19606: 19605: 19602: 19601: 19599: 19598: 19593: 19588: 19583: 19578: 19573: 19567: 19564: 19563: 19553: 19552: 19549: 19548: 19546: 19545: 19540: 19539: 19538: 19528: 19523: 19522: 19521: 19511: 19506: 19501: 19496: 19491: 19490: 19489: 19479: 19474: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 19424: 19419: 19414: 19409: 19408: 19407: 19397: 19392: 19387: 19382: 19377: 19372: 19367: 19362: 19357: 19352: 19347: 19342: 19337: 19331: 19328: 19327: 19314: 19313: 19310: 19309: 19307: 19306: 19301: 19296: 19291: 19286: 19281: 19276: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19256: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19205: 19204: 19199: 19194: 19184: 19179: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19159: 19154: 19149: 19144: 19139: 19134: 19129: 19124: 19119: 19114: 19109: 19104: 19099: 19094: 19088: 19085: 19084: 19071: 19070: 19067: 19066: 19064: 19063: 19058: 19056:339 (Demarest) 19053: 19048: 19043: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19023: 19021:173 (Flatiron) 19018: 19013: 19008: 19006:153 (Scribner) 19003: 18998: 18993: 18987: 18984: 18983: 18970: 18969: 18960:Structures on 18957: 18956: 18949: 18942: 18934: 18925: 18924: 18913: 18910: 18909: 18907: 18906: 18900: 18894: 18888: 18882: 18876: 18870: 18864: 18858: 18852: 18845: 18843: 18837: 18836: 18834: 18833: 18828: 18822: 18816: 18810: 18804: 18797: 18795: 18789: 18788: 18781: 18780: 18773: 18766: 18758: 18749: 18748: 18746: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18731: 18728: 18727: 18724: 18723: 18721: 18720: 18715: 18713:Tower Infinity 18710: 18705: 18700: 18695: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18675: 18673:Ryugyong Hotel 18670: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18608:Gate of Kuwait 18605: 18600: 18595: 18590: 18585: 18580: 18575: 18570: 18565: 18560: 18555: 18549: 18546: 18545: 18535: 18534: 18531: 18530: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18523: 18517: 18515: 18511: 18510: 18508: 18507: 18502: 18497: 18492: 18486: 18484: 18480: 18479: 18476: 18475: 18473: 18472: 18467: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18446: 18444: 18440: 18439: 18437: 18436: 18431: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18355: 18353: 18346: 18338: 18337: 18327: 18326: 18323: 18322: 18319: 18318: 18316: 18315: 18309: 18306: 18305: 18302: 18301: 18298: 18297: 18295: 18294: 18289: 18283: 18281: 18273: 18272: 18262: 18261: 18258: 18257: 18254: 18253: 18251: 18250: 18244: 18242: 18241:United Kingdom 18238: 18237: 18235: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18198: 18196: 18192: 18191: 18189: 18188: 18182: 18180: 18172: 18171: 18161: 18160: 18157: 18156: 18153: 18152: 18150: 18149: 18144: 18138: 18136: 18132: 18131: 18129: 18128: 18123: 18118: 18116:Princess Tower 18113: 18108: 18103: 18098: 18093: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18073: 18068: 18063: 18058: 18053: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18028: 18023: 18018: 18013: 18007: 18005: 17999: 17998: 17996: 17995: 17990: 17985: 17979: 17977: 17973: 17972: 17970: 17969: 17964: 17958: 17956: 17952: 17951: 17949: 17948: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17928: 17922: 17920: 17916: 17915: 17913: 17912: 17907: 17905:Kingdom Centre 17902: 17896: 17894: 17890: 17889: 17887: 17886: 17881: 17875: 17873: 17869: 17868: 17866: 17865: 17859: 17857: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17849: 17844: 17839: 17834: 17829: 17823: 17821: 17817: 17816: 17814: 17813: 17808: 17806:Al Hamra Tower 17802: 17800: 17796: 17795: 17793: 17792: 17786: 17784: 17780: 17779: 17777: 17776: 17771: 17765: 17763: 17759: 17758: 17756: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17724: 17722: 17714: 17713: 17703: 17702: 17699: 17698: 17695: 17694: 17692: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17624:One Vanderbilt 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17525: 17523: 17519: 17518: 17516: 17515: 17509: 17507: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17499: 17493: 17491: 17483: 17482: 17472: 17471: 17468: 17467: 17464: 17463: 17461: 17460: 17454: 17452: 17444: 17443: 17429: 17428: 17418: 17417: 17409: 17408: 17401: 17394: 17386: 17377: 17376: 17374: 17373: 17364: 17355: 17346: 17337: 17328: 17322:40 Wall Street 17319: 17310: 17301: 17292: 17283: 17274: 17265: 17259:Trinity Church 17256: 17245: 17242: 17241: 17230: 17229: 17222: 17215: 17207: 17198: 17197: 17189: 17186: 17185: 17182: 17181: 17179: 17178: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17158: 17153: 17147: 17144: 17143: 17141:Related topics 17133: 17132: 17129: 17128: 17125: 17124: 17122: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17109:Madison Avenue 17106: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17074:Seventh Avenue 17071: 17066: 17061: 17055: 17053: 17049: 17048: 17046: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17024: 17022: 17018: 17017: 17015: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16973: 16971: 16960: 16959: 16957:Transportation 16949: 16948: 16945: 16944: 16941: 16940: 16938: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16901: 16899: 16895: 16894: 16892: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16840: 16838: 16834: 16833: 16831: 16830: 16824: 16822: 16814: 16813: 16803: 16802: 16799: 16798: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16776: 16771: 16766: 16761: 16756: 16751: 16746: 16741: 16736: 16731: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16705: 16703: 16699: 16698: 16696: 16695: 16694: 16693: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16667: 16665: 16661: 16660: 16658: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16601: 16599: 16595: 16594: 16592: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16565: 16563: 16559: 16558: 16556: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16514: 16512: 16504: 16503: 16493: 16492: 16489: 16488: 16485: 16484: 16482: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16455: 16453: 16449: 16448: 16446: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16343:275 Madison Av 16340: 16338:200 Madison Av 16335: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16279: 16277: 16264: 16263: 16261: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16218:Manhattan Mall 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16155: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16103:One Penn Plaza 16099: 16097: 16089: 16088: 16078: 16077: 16068: 16065: 16064: 16053: 16052: 16045: 16038: 16030: 16024: 16021: 16020: 16009: 16008: 16002: 15999: 15990: 15985: 15981: 15980: 15970: 15969: 15959: 15958: 15953: 15950: 15940: 15939: 15934: 15931: 15921: 15920: 15915: 15912: 15903: 15898: 15894: 15893: 15887: 15886: 15873: 15864: 15854: 15838: 15837:External links 15835: 15834: 15833: 15827: 15812: 15806: 15792:Kingwell, Mark 15788: 15782: 15767: 15761: 15743: 15737: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15714: 15708: 15695: 15689: 15671: 15665: 15652: 15646: 15630:Tauranac, John 15626: 15620: 15605: 15591: 15574: 15562: 15550: 15536: 15523: 15517: 15502: 15485: 15473: 15467: 15452: 15446: 15431: 15425: 15409:, ed. (2010). 15403: 15397: 15382: 15376: 15359: 15353: 15338: 15332: 15317: 15311: 15296: 15290: 15275: 15269: 15254: 15248: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15224: 15198: 15168: 15142: 15130: 15104: 15077: 15060: 15058:, p. 153. 15045: 15033: 15005: 14979: 14942: 14902: 14836: 14805: 14791: 14771: 14745: 14716: 14690: 14657: 14626: 14614: 14602: 14597:The New Yorker 14592:"The Sky Line" 14581: 14564: 14525: 14504: 14479: 14446: 14434: 14417: 14391: 14365: 14331: 14301: 14275: 14263: 14256: 14238: 14236:, p. 173. 14226: 14190: 14183: 14165: 14126: 14119: 14099: 14066: 14040: 14014: 14012:, p. 242. 14002: 13966: 13935: 13910: 13873:(6): 755–765. 13853: 13820: 13786: 13750: 13748:, p. 330. 13738: 13716: 13690: 13660: 13624: 13598: 13573: 13540: 13538:, p. 345. 13528: 13514: 13494: 13464: 13440: 13406: 13377: 13352: 13333: 13307: 13288: 13266: 13225: 13214:. May 24, 2010 13199: 13168: 13142: 13112: 13082: 13063: 13041: 13015: 12996: 12963: 12937: 12923: 12886: 12860: 12836: 12807: 12777: 12747: 12717: 12680: 12666: 12646: 12620: 12591: 12565: 12553:New York YIMBY 12539: 12513: 12483: 12457: 12430: 12403: 12377: 12348: 12322: 12296: 12275: 12253: 12251:, p. 368. 12238: 12216: 12184: 12150: 12124: 12098: 12064: 12027: 11993: 11948: 11902: 11868: 11834: 11801: 11764: 11738: 11705: 11680: 11650: 11622: 11585: 11548: 11511: 11481: 11444: 11407: 11373: 11358: 11347:on May 2, 2007 11332: 11320: 11285: 11249: 11215: 11213:, p. 354. 11200: 11188: 11152: 11114: 11078: 11045: 11043:, p. 352. 11033: 11021: 10985: 10983:, p. 351. 10973: 10937: 10894: 10866: 10861:newspapers.com 10832: 10799: 10758: 10756:, p. 366. 10746: 10720: 10686: 10630: 10597: 10585: 10583:, p. 332. 10573: 10568:newspapers.com 10536: 10515: 10479: 10458:Rome, New York 10454:Daily Sentinel 10435: 10430:newspapers.com 10401: 10383: 10371: 10369:, p. 237. 10359: 10357:, p. 295. 10347: 10335: 10299: 10297:, p. 291. 10287: 10272: 10260: 10248: 10246:, p. 311. 10236: 10224: 10187: 10150: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10092: 10078: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10046: 10038: 10036:, p. 271. 10026: 10024:, p. 273. 10014: 9997: 9986:. p. E1. 9973: 9935: 9920: 9905: 9869: 9833: 9797: 9795:, p. 231. 9785: 9745: 9733: 9721: 9709: 9695: 9662: 9650: 9638: 9636:, p. 283. 9626: 9600: 9585: 9583:, p. 221. 9570: 9568:, p. 398. 9558: 9544: 9524: 9512: 9510:, p. 204. 9497: 9485: 9473: 9471:, p. 208. 9458: 9456:, p. 215. 9446: 9444:, p. 214. 9431: 9395: 9356: 9354:, p. 164. 9344: 9342:, p. 213. 9329: 9293: 9291:, p. 212. 9274: 9272:, p. 149. 9262: 9260:, p. 396. 9250: 9248:, p. 246. 9238: 9236:, p. 223. 9226: 9224:, p. 222. 9211: 9169: 9157: 9155:, p. 204. 9142: 9106: 9070: 9068:, p. 248. 9058: 9056:, p. 206. 9046: 9044:, p. 207. 9031: 8995: 8993:, p. 203. 8983: 8966: 8930: 8918: 8882: 8880:, p. 268. 8867: 8865:, p. 111. 8855: 8853:, p. 200. 8843: 8831: 8795: 8783: 8772:. July 5, 1938 8752: 8737: 8725: 8713: 8688:Utica Observer 8664: 8650: 8627: 8625:, p. 185. 8612: 8610:, p. 247. 8597: 8595:, p. 235. 8582: 8570: 8555: 8553:, p. 100. 8543: 8507: 8505:, p. 230. 8495: 8493:, p. 131. 8478: 8476:, p. 130. 8463: 8451: 8439: 8437:, p. 129. 8427: 8425:, p. 205. 8410: 8398: 8386: 8371: 8369:, p. 610. 8359: 8347: 8330: 8281: 8269: 8267:, p. 288. 8250: 8224: 8207: 8205:, p. 109. 8190: 8188:, p. 287. 8173: 8140: 8138:, p. 286. 8128: 8092: 8090:, p. 118. 8077: 8041: 8039:, p. 117. 8029: 8012: 8000: 7988: 7986:, p. 108. 7969: 7941: 7934: 7914: 7888: 7862: 7836: 7802: 7788: 7768: 7753: 7741: 7739:, p. 357. 7729: 7714: 7712:, p. 356. 7702: 7654: 7649:The New Yorker 7628: 7592: 7567: 7537: 7523: 7500: 7470: 7444: 7410: 7384: 7353: 7342:. June 6, 2011 7324: 7309: 7284: 7260: 7235: 7233:, p. 186. 7218: 7177: 7163: 7143: 7129: 7110: 7096: 7076: 7052: 7038: 7012: 6999:The New Yorker 6983: 6949: 6917: 6906:. May 10, 2016 6891: 6865: 6839: 6808: 6777: 6731: 6702: 6659: 6654:newspapers.com 6629: 6627:, p. 154. 6617: 6595: 6554: 6508: 6480: 6447: 6435: 6409: 6407:, p. 921. 6397: 6376: 6337: 6303: 6275: 6268: 6245: 6205: 6188: 6176: 6161: 6159:, p. 293. 6140: 6125: 6111: 6086: 6052: 6026: 6005: 5993: 5991:, p. 922. 5976: 5961: 5949: 5947:, p. 527. 5937: 5935:, p. 459. 5922: 5920:, p. 183. 5905: 5898: 5872: 5846: 5820: 5794: 5750: 5724: 5712:Marketing Brew 5699: 5673: 5647: 5621: 5595: 5584:. May 15, 1998 5569: 5540:. May 20, 2016 5524: 5511:"Tower Lights" 5502: 5500:, p. 108. 5490: 5471: 5438: 5370: 5368:, p. 353. 5355: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5300:, p. 613. 5281: 5279:, p. 291. 5258: 5256:, p. 292. 5241: 5214: 5194: 5175: 5141: 5115: 5100: 5098:, p. 920. 5083: 5080:. p. 181. 5064: 5046: 5034: 5022: 5010: 4977: 4962: 4950: 4948:, p. 157. 4935: 4912: 4867: 4865:, p. 612. 4830: 4813: 4801: 4799:, p. 290. 4780: 4763: 4738: 4731: 4701: 4694: 4671: 4669:, p. 866. 4659: 4621: 4587: 4558: 4519: 4483: 4457: 4426: 4397: 4371: 4337: 4335:, p. 414. 4325: 4279: 4247: 4230: 4215: 4189: 4165: 4140: 4136:MeasuringWorth 4130:United States 4118:MeasuringWorth 4100: 4086: 4063: 4035: 4008:Emporis GmbH. 3995: 3951: 3910: 3883: 3881:, p. 413. 3858: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3808:Fred F. French 3791: 3774: 3758: 3737: 3717: 3701: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3622: 3608: 3592: 3589: 3571: 3568: 3564:Prince William 3472:Main article: 3469: 3466: 3381: 3378: 3354:The New Yorker 3343: 3340: 3286: 3283: 3257: 3254: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3127:Main article: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3114: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3088: 3082: 3072: 3056: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3018:People's Daily 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2914: 2908: 2903: 2900: 2827: 2826:Height records 2824: 2805:public company 2793:carbon offsets 2747: 2744: 2721:Leona Helmsley 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2680:Leona Helmsley 2612: 2609: 2578:Robert Tishman 2549: 2546: 2471: 2468: 2429: 2426: 2385: 2382: 2327:Herbert Hoover 2313: 2310: 2289:The New Masses 2210: 2207: 2203:New York Times 2153:pre-fabricated 2127: 2124: 2097:, New Jersey. 2091:Atlantic Ocean 2085: 2082: 2077:John W. Bowser 2069:Andrew J. Eken 2052: 2049: 2004:40 Wall Street 1948: 1947:Design changes 1945: 1890:for New York. 1888:state nickname 1880:John J. Raskob 1876:Ellis P. Earle 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1775: 1701: 1699:WFUT-68 Newark 1606:FM transmitter 1580: 1577: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1518: 1515: 1507: 1506: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1476: 1475: 1466: 1465: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1431: 1428: 1415: 1412: 1321: 1318: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1251: 1244: 1242: 1228: 1221: 1174:villain from “ 1151:The Today Show 1082: 1079: 1003: 1000: 947: 944: 913: 910: 884:. The nearest 809: 806: 760:, height, and 654: 653: 618: 617: 613: 612: 609: 608: 605: 604: 601: 600: 597: 593: 592: 589: 585: 584: 581: 577: 576: 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 556: 555: 552: 548: 547: 544: 540: 539: 534: 531: 530: 527: 526: 523: 519: 518: 515: 511: 510: 505: 502: 501: 498: 497: 494: 490: 489: 486: 482: 481: 476: 473: 472: 469: 468: 465: 461: 460: 457: 453: 452: 447: 444: 443: 440: 439: 436: 435: 425: 424: 420: 419: 414: 410: 409: 404: 400: 399: 393:John J. Raskob 389: 385: 384: 379: 375: 374: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 350: 346: 345: 341: 340: 337: 333: 332: 328: 327: 324: 320: 319: 316: 312: 311: 308: 304: 303: 300: 296: 295: 292: 288: 287: 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 251: 247: 246: 233: 229: 228: 215: 211: 210: 197: 193: 192: 160: 154: 153: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 64: 61: 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20037: 20026: 20023: 20021: 20018: 20016: 20013: 20011: 20008: 20006: 20003: 20001: 19998: 19996: 19993: 19991: 19988: 19986: 19983: 19981: 19978: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19966: 19963: 19961: 19958: 19956: 19953: 19951: 19948: 19946: 19943: 19941: 19938: 19936: 19933: 19931: 19928: 19927: 19925: 19900: 19897: 19895: 19892: 19890: 19887: 19885: 19882: 19880: 19877: 19875: 19872: 19870: 19867: 19865: 19864:Lenox Library 19862: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19850: 19847: 19845: 19842: 19840: 19837: 19835: 19832: 19830: 19827: 19825: 19822: 19820: 19817: 19815: 19812: 19810: 19807: 19805: 19802: 19800: 19799:391 (Gunther) 19797: 19795: 19792: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19775: 19772: 19770: 19767: 19766: 19763: 19756: 19752: 19742: 19739: 19737: 19734: 19732: 19729: 19728: 19725: 19721: 19716: 19712: 19700: 19697: 19696: 19695: 19692: 19688: 19685: 19684: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19671: 19670: 19666: 19664: 19663: 19659: 19658: 19657: 19654: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19631: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19621: 19618: 19611: 19607: 19597: 19594: 19592: 19589: 19587: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19572: 19569: 19568: 19565: 19558: 19554: 19544: 19541: 19537: 19536:Jewish Museum 19534: 19533: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19520: 19519:Cooper Hewitt 19517: 19516: 19515: 19512: 19510: 19507: 19505: 19502: 19500: 19497: 19495: 19492: 19488: 19485: 19484: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19465: 19463: 19460: 19458: 19455: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19428: 19425: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19406: 19403: 19402: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19381: 19378: 19376: 19373: 19371: 19368: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19358: 19356: 19353: 19351: 19348: 19346: 19343: 19341: 19338: 19336: 19333: 19332: 19329: 19325: 19319: 19315: 19305: 19302: 19300: 19297: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19285: 19282: 19280: 19277: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19267: 19265: 19262: 19260: 19257: 19255: 19252: 19250: 19247: 19245: 19244:689 (Aeolian) 19242: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19224:653 (Cartier) 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19189: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19163: 19160: 19158: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19145: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19133: 19130: 19128: 19125: 19123: 19120: 19118: 19115: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19089: 19086: 19082: 19076: 19072: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19022: 19019: 19017: 19014: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18988: 18985: 18981: 18975: 18971: 18967: 18963: 18955: 18950: 18948: 18943: 18941: 18936: 18935: 18932: 18922: 18918: 18911: 18904: 18901: 18898: 18895: 18892: 18889: 18886: 18883: 18880: 18877: 18874: 18871: 18868: 18865: 18862: 18859: 18856: 18853: 18850: 18847: 18846: 18844: 18838: 18832: 18829: 18826: 18823: 18820: 18817: 18814: 18811: 18808: 18805: 18802: 18799: 18798: 18796: 18790: 18786: 18779: 18774: 18772: 18767: 18765: 18760: 18759: 18756: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18733: 18732: 18729: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18643:Namaste Tower 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18589: 18586: 18584: 18581: 18579: 18576: 18574: 18571: 18569: 18566: 18564: 18561: 18559: 18556: 18554: 18551: 18550: 18547: 18540: 18536: 18522: 18519: 18518: 18516: 18514:South America 18512: 18506: 18503: 18501: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18485: 18483:North America 18481: 18471: 18468: 18466: 18463: 18461: 18458: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18447: 18445: 18441: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18389:Ningbo Center 18387: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18356: 18354: 18350: 18347: 18343: 18339: 18332: 18328: 18311: 18310: 18307: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18287:Australia 108 18285: 18284: 18282: 18278: 18274: 18267: 18263: 18249: 18246: 18245: 18243: 18239: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18227:Neva Towers 2 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18217:Lakhta Center 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18199: 18197: 18193: 18187: 18184: 18183: 18181: 18177: 18173: 18166: 18162: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18139: 18137: 18133: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18111:Ocean Heights 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18097: 18094: 18092: 18089: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18067: 18066:Etihad Towers 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18008: 18006: 18000: 17994: 17991: 17989: 17986: 17984: 17981: 17980: 17978: 17974: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17959: 17957: 17953: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17927: 17924: 17923: 17921: 17917: 17911: 17908: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17897: 17895: 17891: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17876: 17874: 17870: 17864: 17861: 17860: 17858: 17854: 17848: 17847:Telekom Tower 17845: 17843: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17833: 17830: 17828: 17825: 17824: 17822: 17818: 17812: 17809: 17807: 17804: 17803: 17801: 17797: 17791: 17788: 17787: 17785: 17781: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17769:Abeno Harukas 17767: 17766: 17764: 17760: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17733:Central Plaza 17731: 17729: 17726: 17725: 17723: 17719: 17715: 17708: 17704: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17526: 17524: 17522:United States 17520: 17514: 17511: 17510: 17508: 17504: 17498: 17495: 17494: 17492: 17488: 17484: 17477: 17473: 17459: 17456: 17455: 17453: 17449: 17445: 17438: 17434: 17430: 17423: 17419: 17414: 17407: 17402: 17400: 17395: 17393: 17388: 17387: 17384: 17368: 17365: 17359: 17356: 17350: 17347: 17341: 17338: 17332: 17329: 17323: 17320: 17314: 17311: 17305: 17302: 17296: 17293: 17287: 17284: 17278: 17275: 17269: 17266: 17260: 17257: 17250: 17247: 17246: 17243: 17239: 17235: 17228: 17223: 17221: 17216: 17214: 17209: 17208: 17205: 17195: 17192: 17187: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17154: 17152: 17149: 17148: 17145: 17138: 17134: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17099:Herald Square 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17085: 17082: 17080: 17079:Eighth Avenue 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17056: 17054: 17050: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17025: 17023: 17019: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16965: 16961: 16954: 16950: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16902: 16900: 16896: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16841: 16839: 16835: 16829: 16826: 16825: 16823: 16819: 16815: 16808: 16804: 16790: 16789:Savoy Theatre 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16775: 16772: 16770: 16769:Morgans Hotel 16767: 16765: 16762: 16760: 16757: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16714:Belmont Hotel 16712: 16710: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16700: 16692: 16689: 16688: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16671:AMC Empire 25 16669: 16668: 16666: 16662: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16650:Hotel Wolcott 16648: 16646: 16645:The Wilbraham 16643: 16641: 16638: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16630:Hotel McAlpin 16628: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16620:Library Hotel 16618: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16602: 16600: 16596: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16566: 16564: 16560: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16515: 16513: 16509: 16505: 16498: 16494: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16456: 16454: 16450: 16444: 16443:Williams Club 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16403: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16323:110 E 42nd St 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16265: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16123:130 W 30th St 16121: 16119: 16118:15 Penn Plaza 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16100: 16098: 16094: 16090: 16083: 16079: 16075: 16074:New York City 16071: 16066: 16062: 16061:Midtown South 16058: 16051: 16046: 16044: 16039: 16037: 16032: 16031: 16028: 16022: 16015: 16005: 15996: 15995: 15988: 15982: 15977: 15976: 15971: 15966: 15965: 15960: 15956: 15947: 15946: 15941: 15937: 15928: 15927: 15922: 15918: 15909: 15908: 15901: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15881: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15868: 15865: 15862: 15858: 15855: 15852: 15846: 15841: 15840: 15830: 15824: 15820: 15819: 15813: 15809: 15803: 15799: 15798: 15793: 15789: 15785: 15779: 15775: 15774: 15768: 15764: 15758: 15754: 15753: 15748: 15747:Dupré, Judith 15744: 15740: 15734: 15730: 15729: 15723: 15722: 15711: 15705: 15701: 15696: 15692: 15686: 15682: 15681: 15676: 15675:Willis, Carol 15672: 15668: 15662: 15658: 15653: 15649: 15643: 15638: 15637: 15631: 15627: 15623: 15617: 15614:. CRC Press. 15613: 15612: 15606: 15602: 15598: 15594: 15588: 15583: 15582: 15575: 15568: 15563: 15556: 15551: 15547: 15543: 15539: 15533: 15529: 15524: 15520: 15514: 15510: 15509: 15503: 15499: 15495: 15491: 15486: 15482: 15478: 15474: 15470: 15464: 15460: 15459: 15453: 15449: 15443: 15439: 15438: 15432: 15428: 15422: 15418: 15414: 15413: 15408: 15404: 15400: 15394: 15390: 15389: 15383: 15379: 15373: 15368: 15367: 15360: 15356: 15350: 15346: 15345: 15339: 15335: 15329: 15325: 15324: 15318: 15314: 15308: 15304: 15303: 15297: 15293: 15287: 15283: 15282: 15276: 15272: 15266: 15262: 15261: 15255: 15251: 15245: 15241: 15240: 15234: 15233: 15212: 15208: 15202: 15186: 15182: 15178: 15172: 15157: 15153: 15146: 15140:, p. 27. 15139: 15138:Tauranac 2014 15134: 15119: 15115: 15108: 15093: 15092: 15087: 15081: 15075:, p. 73. 15074: 15073:Langmead 2009 15069: 15067: 15065: 15057: 15052: 15050: 15043:, p. 24. 15042: 15041:Tauranac 2014 15037: 15022: 15018: 15012: 15010: 14993: 14989: 14983: 14968: 14964: 14960: 14956: 14949: 14947: 14938: 14932: 14916: 14912: 14906: 14890: 14886: 14873: 14872: 14867: 14860: 14847: 14840: 14824: 14820: 14816: 14809: 14794: 14788: 14784: 14783: 14775: 14759: 14755: 14749: 14733: 14726: 14720: 14704: 14700: 14694: 14679: 14675: 14671: 14667: 14661: 14653: 14649: 14645: 14641: 14637: 14630: 14624:, p. 20. 14623: 14622:Tauranac 2014 14618: 14611: 14606: 14598: 14593: 14585: 14577: 14576: 14568: 14552: 14545: 14541: 14540: 14535: 14529: 14521: 14514: 14508: 14500: 14493: 14486: 14484: 14468: 14464: 14460: 14456: 14450: 14443: 14438: 14432:, p. 19. 14431: 14430:Tauranac 2014 14426: 14424: 14422: 14406: 14402: 14395: 14379: 14375: 14369: 14354: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14335: 14319: 14315: 14311: 14305: 14290: 14286: 14279: 14273:, p. 63. 14272: 14267: 14259: 14257:0-00-370641-9 14253: 14249: 14242: 14235: 14230: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14200: 14194: 14186: 14180: 14176: 14169: 14154: 14150: 14146: 14139: 14133: 14131: 14122: 14116: 14112: 14111: 14103: 14088: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14070: 14054: 14050: 14044: 14028: 14024: 14018: 14011: 14010:Tauranac 2014 14006: 13991: 13987: 13983: 13976: 13970: 13962: 13958: 13954: 13950: 13946: 13939: 13924: 13920: 13914: 13906: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13888: 13884: 13880: 13876: 13872: 13868: 13864: 13857: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13830: 13824: 13809: 13805: 13801: 13797: 13790: 13775: 13771: 13767: 13760: 13754: 13747: 13746:Tauranac 2014 13742: 13726: 13720: 13704: 13700: 13694: 13678: 13674: 13667: 13665: 13649: 13645: 13641: 13634: 13628: 13612: 13608: 13602: 13595: 13583: 13577: 13570: 13558: 13554: 13550: 13549:"Empire.html" 13544: 13537: 13536:Tauranac 2014 13532: 13517: 13511: 13507: 13506: 13498: 13482: 13478: 13474: 13468: 13461: 13457: 13453: 13450: 13444: 13429: 13425: 13421: 13417: 13410: 13394: 13390: 13384: 13382: 13366: 13362: 13356: 13348: 13344: 13337: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13303: 13299: 13292: 13276: 13270: 13262: 13256: 13240: 13236: 13229: 13213: 13209: 13203: 13187: 13183: 13179: 13172: 13157: 13156:New York Post 13153: 13146: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13116: 13100: 13096: 13092: 13086: 13078: 13074: 13067: 13051: 13045: 13030: 13026: 13019: 13011: 13007: 13000: 12993: 12989: 12985: 12982: 12976: 12974: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12951: 12947: 12941: 12933: 12927: 12911: 12907: 12901: 12899: 12897: 12895: 12893: 12891: 12875: 12871: 12864: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12846: 12840: 12825: 12821: 12814: 12812: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12781: 12765: 12761: 12757: 12751: 12735: 12731: 12727: 12721: 12706: 12702: 12698: 12691: 12684: 12669: 12667:9780851125121 12663: 12659: 12658: 12650: 12634: 12630: 12624: 12609: 12605: 12598: 12596: 12580: 12576: 12569: 12554: 12550: 12543: 12528: 12527:New York Post 12524: 12517: 12501: 12497: 12493: 12487: 12472: 12468: 12461: 12445: 12441: 12434: 12418: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12392: 12388: 12381: 12366: 12362: 12355: 12353: 12336: 12332: 12326: 12311: 12307: 12300: 12285: 12279: 12263: 12257: 12250: 12249:Tauranac 2014 12245: 12243: 12234: 12230: 12223: 12221: 12201: 12197: 12191: 12189: 12173: 12169: 12165: 12161: 12154: 12138: 12134: 12128: 12117:September 21, 12112: 12111:New York Post 12108: 12102: 12087: 12083: 12079: 12075: 12068: 12057:September 21, 12053: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12034: 12032: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12004: 11997: 11986:September 20, 11981: 11967: 11963: 11957: 11955: 11953: 11935: 11930: 11926: 11922: 11918: 11911: 11909: 11907: 11895:September 21, 11891: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11872: 11861:September 21, 11857: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11838: 11827:September 21, 11823: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11805: 11794:September 21, 11790: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11771: 11769: 11752: 11748: 11742: 11731:September 21, 11727: 11723: 11719: 11715: 11709: 11690: 11684: 11668: 11664: 11657: 11655: 11639: 11638: 11633: 11626: 11615:September 21, 11611: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11592: 11590: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11562: 11555: 11553: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11518: 11516: 11500:. p. 141 11499: 11495: 11488: 11486: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11458: 11451: 11449: 11440: 11428: 11424: 11417: 11411: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11377: 11371:, p. 18. 11370: 11365: 11363: 11346: 11342: 11336: 11329: 11324: 11308: 11304: 11298: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11290: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11259: 11253: 11238: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11219: 11212: 11211:Tauranac 2014 11207: 11205: 11197: 11196:Tauranac 2014 11192: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11162: 11156: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11085: 11083: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11055: 11049: 11042: 11041:Tauranac 2014 11037: 11030: 11029:Tauranac 2014 11025: 11010: 11006: 11002: 10995: 10989: 10982: 10981:Tauranac 2014 10977: 10966:September 21, 10962: 10958: 10954: 10947: 10941: 10930:September 21, 10926: 10922: 10918: 10911: 10905: 10903: 10901: 10899: 10883: 10879: 10873: 10871: 10862: 10858: 10846: 10842: 10836: 10825:September 21, 10821: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10803: 10795: 10783: 10779: 10775: 10768: 10762: 10755: 10754:Tauranac 2014 10750: 10735: 10731: 10724: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10697: 10690: 10679:September 21, 10673: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10649: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10637: 10635: 10623:September 21, 10619: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10594: 10589: 10582: 10581:Tauranac 2014 10577: 10569: 10565: 10553: 10549: 10543: 10541: 10534:, p. 86. 10533: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10489: 10483: 10475: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10448: 10442: 10440: 10431: 10427: 10415: 10411: 10405: 10397: 10390: 10388: 10381:, p. 44. 10380: 10375: 10368: 10367:Tauranac 2014 10363: 10356: 10355:Tauranac 2014 10351: 10344: 10343:Tauranac 2014 10339: 10324: 10320: 10316: 10309: 10303: 10296: 10295:Tauranac 2014 10291: 10284: 10279: 10277: 10269: 10268:Tauranac 2014 10264: 10257: 10256:Tauranac 2014 10252: 10245: 10244:Tauranac 2014 10240: 10233: 10232:Tauranac 2014 10228: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10192: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10164: 10157: 10155: 10139: 10135: 10128: 10126: 10106: 10102: 10098: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10079:0-306-80385-2 10075: 10071: 10066: 10064:, p. 48. 10063: 10060: 10058:, p. 90. 10057: 10054: 10052:, p. 17. 10051: 10048: 10047: 10042: 10035: 10034:Tauranac 2014 10030: 10023: 10022:Tauranac 2014 10018: 10012:, p. 48. 10011: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9933:, p. 72. 9932: 9931:Langmead 2009 9927: 9925: 9918:, p. 25. 9917: 9916:Tauranac 2014 9912: 9910: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9879: 9873: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9843: 9837: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9807: 9801: 9794: 9793:Tauranac 2014 9789: 9781: 9769: 9765: 9758: 9752: 9750: 9742: 9741:Tauranac 2014 9737: 9731:, p. 87. 9730: 9729:Langmead 2009 9725: 9718: 9713: 9698: 9692: 9688: 9687: 9679: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9659: 9654: 9647: 9646:Tauranac 2014 9642: 9635: 9634:Tauranac 2014 9630: 9614: 9610: 9604: 9598:, p. 72. 9597: 9592: 9590: 9582: 9581:Tauranac 2014 9577: 9575: 9567: 9562: 9547: 9541: 9537: 9536: 9528: 9521: 9516: 9509: 9504: 9502: 9494: 9489: 9482: 9481:Tauranac 2014 9477: 9470: 9469:Tauranac 2014 9465: 9463: 9455: 9454:Tauranac 2014 9450: 9443: 9442:Tauranac 2014 9438: 9436: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9405: 9399: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9369: 9363: 9361: 9353: 9348: 9341: 9340:Tauranac 2014 9336: 9334: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9303: 9297: 9290: 9289:Tauranac 2014 9285: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9271: 9270:Tauranac 2014 9266: 9259: 9254: 9247: 9242: 9235: 9234:Tauranac 2014 9230: 9223: 9222:Tauranac 2014 9218: 9216: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9185: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9166: 9165:Tauranac 2014 9161: 9154: 9153:Tauranac 2014 9149: 9147: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9116: 9110: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9080: 9074: 9067: 9062: 9055: 9054:Tauranac 2014 9050: 9043: 9042:Tauranac 2014 9038: 9036: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9005: 8999: 8992: 8991:Tauranac 2014 8987: 8981:, p. 85. 8980: 8979:Langmead 2009 8975: 8973: 8971: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8940: 8934: 8927: 8922: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8892: 8886: 8879: 8878:Tauranac 2014 8874: 8872: 8864: 8859: 8852: 8851:Tauranac 2014 8847: 8840: 8839:Tauranac 2014 8835: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8805: 8799: 8793:, p. 84. 8792: 8791:Langmead 2009 8787: 8771: 8770: 8762: 8756: 8750:, p. 46. 8749: 8744: 8742: 8735:, p. 17. 8734: 8729: 8723:, p. 90. 8722: 8721:Langmead 2009 8717: 8709: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8682: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8653: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8634: 8632: 8624: 8623:Tauranac 2014 8619: 8617: 8609: 8604: 8602: 8594: 8589: 8587: 8579: 8574: 8567: 8562: 8560: 8552: 8547: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8511: 8504: 8499: 8492: 8491:Tauranac 2014 8487: 8485: 8483: 8475: 8474:Tauranac 2014 8470: 8468: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8443: 8436: 8435:Tauranac 2014 8431: 8424: 8423:Tauranac 2014 8419: 8417: 8415: 8408:, p. 12. 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8384:, p. 89. 8383: 8382:Langmead 2009 8378: 8376: 8368: 8363: 8357:, p. 90. 8356: 8351: 8345:, p. 80. 8344: 8343:Langmead 2009 8339: 8337: 8335: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8304: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8286: 8279:, p. 79. 8278: 8277:Langmead 2009 8273: 8266: 8265:Reynolds 1994 8261: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8221: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8204: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8187: 8186:Reynolds 1994 8182: 8180: 8178: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8144: 8137: 8136:Reynolds 1994 8132: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8097: 8089: 8088:Tauranac 2014 8084: 8082: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8045: 8038: 8037:Tauranac 2014 8033: 8025: 8024: 8016: 8010:, p. 77. 8009: 8004: 7998:, p. 23. 7997: 7992: 7985: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7958: 7954: 7953: 7945: 7937: 7931: 7927: 7926: 7918: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7850: 7846: 7840: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7806: 7791: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7772: 7766:, p. 37. 7765: 7760: 7758: 7751:, p. 36. 7750: 7745: 7738: 7737:Tauranac 2014 7733: 7726: 7725:Tauranac 2014 7721: 7719: 7711: 7710:Tauranac 2014 7706: 7698: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7671: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7651:. p. 19. 7650: 7645: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7624: 7612: 7605: 7599: 7597: 7580: 7579: 7571: 7555: 7554: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7526: 7520: 7516: 7515: 7507: 7505: 7496: 7492: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7459: 7455: 7448: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7414: 7399: 7395: 7388: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7357: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7329: 7321: 7316: 7314: 7307:, p. 82. 7306: 7305:Langmead 2009 7301: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7280: 7276: 7275: 7267: 7265: 7258:, p. 17. 7257: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7232: 7231:Tauranac 2014 7227: 7225: 7223: 7205: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7166: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7147: 7132: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7114: 7099: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7087:New York City 7080: 7064: 7063: 7056: 7041: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7025: 7016: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6934: 6933: 6928: 6921: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6832:September 29, 6827: 6823: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6764: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6707: 6698: 6686: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6655: 6644: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6621: 6605: 6604:"ESB Tickets" 6599: 6582: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6558: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6485: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6445:, p. 71. 6444: 6439: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6406: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6380: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6307: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6271: 6269:9780393326611 6265: 6261: 6260: 6252: 6250: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6217:Barron, James 6212: 6210: 6203:, p. 16. 6202: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6186:, p. 12. 6185: 6180: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6158: 6157:Reynolds 1994 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6138:, p. 14. 6137: 6132: 6130: 6114: 6108: 6104: 6103: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6041: 6037: 6030: 6024:, p. 15. 6023: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6003:, p. 13. 6002: 5997: 5990: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5974:, p. 95. 5973: 5968: 5966: 5958: 5953: 5946: 5945:Taranath 2016 5941: 5934: 5933:Taranath 2016 5929: 5927: 5919: 5918:Tauranac 2014 5914: 5912: 5910: 5901: 5895: 5891: 5886: 5885: 5876: 5861: 5857: 5850: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5809: 5805: 5798: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5755: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5692:September 10, 5688: 5684: 5677: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5558: 5554: 5539: 5535: 5528: 5512: 5506: 5499: 5494: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5476: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5408: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5375: 5367: 5366:Tauranac 2014 5362: 5360: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5331: 5323: 5322:Reynolds 1994 5318: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5278: 5277:Reynolds 1994 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5255: 5254:Reynolds 1994 5250: 5248: 5246: 5229: 5225: 5218: 5207: 5201: 5199: 5192:, p. 72. 5191: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5113:, p. 96. 5112: 5107: 5105: 5097: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5079: 5075: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5043: 5038: 5032:, p. 67. 5031: 5026: 5019: 5014: 5008:, p. 81. 5007: 5006:Langmead 2009 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4975:, p. 16. 4974: 4969: 4967: 4959: 4954: 4947: 4946:Tauranac 2014 4942: 4940: 4933:, p. 15. 4932: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4827: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4811:, p. 14. 4810: 4805: 4798: 4797:Reynolds 1994 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4778:, p. 56. 4777: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4761:, p. 14. 4760: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4734: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4717:White, Norval 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4697: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4680:White, Norval 4675: 4668: 4663: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4614:September 25, 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4526: 4524: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4329: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4276: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4252: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4227: 4222: 4220: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4105: 4089: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4070: 4068: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4040: 4031: 4025: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3908:, p. 86. 3907: 3906:Langmead 2009 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3880: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3823: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3771: 3765: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3696: 3692: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3628: 3623: 3620: 3609: 3606: 3595: 3588: 3586: 3581: 3580:tower running 3577: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3369:Lewis Mumford 3365: 3363: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3351:, writing in 3350: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3316: 3315: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3282: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3213: 3212:Evelyn McHale 3208: 3206: 3205:shell-shocked 3202: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3146:B-25 Mitchell 3140: 3135: 3130: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067:, located in 3066: 3062: 3061: 3060: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3048:Workday, Inc. 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3023:Qatar Airways 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2998:Li & Fung 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2946:Expedia Group 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2810:The Real Deal 2806: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2752: 2743: 2741: 2740:Willie Sutton 2737: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2661: 2655: 2650: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2608: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2554: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2494: 2493:radio antenna 2489: 2481: 2476: 2470:Profitability 2467: 2464: 2460: 2459:B-25 Mitchell 2455: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2425: 2422: 2421:Seymour Durst 2418: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2353:According to 2351: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2278:reserve near 2277: 2273: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2232:seen overhead 2231: 2230:J-class blimp 2227: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2175:John Tauranac 2170: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2137: 2132: 2123: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1953: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1900:1928 campaign 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1867:on the loan. 1866: 1862: 1853: 1848: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1749:WNEW-FM-102.7 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1585: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1509: 1503: 1496: 1494: 1493:Concierge.com 1489: 1487: 1470: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1436: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1317: 1313: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1276: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1131:Frank Sinatra 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1099:Douglas Leigh 1096: 1095:energy crisis 1092: 1088: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1009: 999: 997: 993: 989: 984: 982: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 952: 943: 941: 940:lightning rod 923: 919: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 888:stations are 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 854:Herald Square 851: 846: 844: 839: 835: 834:New York City 831: 827: 826:Midtown South 823: 819: 815: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 774: 773: 768: 767:cultural icon 763: 759: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 733:between West 732: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:New York City 673: 669: 668:Midtown South 665: 661: 649: 643: 635: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 474: 470: 466: 462: 459:June 24, 1986 458: 454: 450: 445: 441: 437: 433: 426: 421: 418: 415: 411: 408: 405: 401: 398: 394: 390: 386: 383: 380: 376: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 338: 334: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 299:Antenna spire 297: 293: 289: 284: 280: 276: 270: 266: 252: 248: 234: 230: 216: 212: 198: 194: 189: 161: 159: 155: 149: 145: 141: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 100: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 75: 72:Record height 70: 66: 59: 54: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 19960:Fifth Avenue 19667: 19660: 19629:Central Park 19324:96th Streets 19097:390 (Gorham) 19081:59th Streets 19060: 18962:Fifth Avenue 18916: 18903:Ellis Island 18872: 18807:Central Park 18801:Times Square 18628:Lamar Towers 18623:Jeddah Tower 18465:Thamrin Nine 18450:Legacy Tower 18399:Shandong IFC 18379:Haikou Tower 18096:The Landmark 18071:Gevora Hotel 18041:Burj Khalifa 18036:Burj Al Arab 17962:85 Sky Tower 17893:Saudi Arabia 17879:Aspire Tower 17811:Arraya Tower 17679:Willis Tower 17603: 17458:Iconic Tower 17357: 17339: 17190: 17069:Sixth Avenue 17064:Fifth Avenue 17059:Third Avenue 17021:Railroad/bus 16821:Green spaces 16308:18 E 41st St 16303:10 E 40th St 16238:Nelson Tower 16177: 15992: 15973: 15962: 15943: 15924: 15905: 15817: 15796: 15772: 15751: 15727: 15699: 15679: 15656: 15640:. Scribner. 15635: 15610: 15580: 15527: 15507: 15489: 15480: 15457: 15436: 15410: 15387: 15365: 15343: 15322: 15301: 15280: 15259: 15238: 15215:. Retrieved 15211:the original 15201: 15189:. Retrieved 15185:the original 15180: 15171: 15159:. Retrieved 15155: 15145: 15133: 15123:December 18, 15121:. Retrieved 15117: 15107: 15095:. Retrieved 15089: 15080: 15056:Fodor's 2010 15036: 15024:. Retrieved 15020: 14996:. Retrieved 14991: 14982: 14970:. Retrieved 14958: 14919:. Retrieved 14914: 14905: 14893:. Retrieved 14889:iHeart Media 14875:. Retrieved 14869: 14857: 14850:. Retrieved 14839: 14827:. Retrieved 14823:the original 14818: 14808: 14796:. Retrieved 14781: 14774: 14762:. Retrieved 14758:the original 14748: 14736:. Retrieved 14731: 14719: 14707:. Retrieved 14702: 14693: 14683:December 26, 14681:. Retrieved 14669: 14660: 14635: 14629: 14617: 14605: 14596: 14584: 14574: 14567: 14555:. Retrieved 14537: 14528: 14519: 14507: 14498: 14470:. Retrieved 14458: 14449: 14444:, p. i. 14437: 14408:. 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