814:
998:
31:
906:
1112:
1092:. Planning for rehabilitation of the Charles River bridge between Newton and Wellesley for trail use began in 2003. The trail proposal proved controversial in Newton Lower Falls – particularly the segment between Concord Street and Pine Grove Avenue, where the right-of-way is between residential properties. Trail supporters saw it as an opportunity to reconnect the neighborhood with the rest of Newton, which it is separated from by Route 128; opponents claimed it would further divide the neighborhood. Among the supporters was state representative
1147:
DCR released a study of potential trail alignments through the Lower Falls area between the Two
Bridges Trail and Quinobequin Road. The preferred alignment would use the railbed between Route 128 and Pine Grove Avenue, and DCR land adjacent to a golf course between Pine Grove Avenue and Concord Street. Those two segments were estimated to cost $ 2 million and $ 3 million to construct. The disputed section of railbed between Pine Grove Avenue and Concord Street was not considered in the study due to the litigation.
438:
554:
402:
445:
547:
395:
376:
502:
472:
431:
633:
465:
369:
362:
277:
270:
611:
573:
509:
479:
409:
322:
315:
2866:
1143:
southern portion of the rail trail, between
Concord Street and Washington Street, which did not abut residential properties. It allocated state funds for reconstruction of three footbridges over the Charles River, including the 1910-built former railroad bridge, in 2009. Construction took place from late 2010 to May 2011. The bridge and the trail portion opened in May 2012.
2076:"Chapter 166: An Act Authorizing An Exchange By The Metropolitan District Commission And The Boston And Albany Railroad Of Two Parcels Of Land, One Lying In The City Of Newton And The Other Partly In Said City And In The Town Of Weston, And A Relocation Of The Newton Lower Falls Branch Of The Same Company"
1023:
daily round trips at that time. It was further reduced to four daily round trips – two in the morning peak and two in the afternoon peak – by 1934. Saturday service ended in the 1940s; by 1949, Pine Grove was only served on peak-direction trips. Lower Falls station was demolished in 1944; Pine Grove
972:
on the branch, as the NYC was considering purchase of a fleet of the cars for lightly-used branch lines. However, the "Ping-Pong" remained the sole passenger car on the branch after the test. Service on the line was reduced during World War I and was down to 15 daily round trips by 1926. In
February
837:
to Lower Falls. The branch cost $ 39,050 to build. In 1848, it carried 26,381 passengers, most of them traveling between Lower Falls and Boston. By 1850, the branch was served by five daily round trips. Pine Grove station opened by 1856. Riverside station opened near the junction point with the main
1146:
In 2017, the DCR awarded a grant to a coalition of local nonprofit organizations for a study of the Two
Bridges Trail. That short trail would cross the disused rail bridges over I-95 and the interchange ramp, connecting to Clearwater Road and the Riverside station parking lot. In November 2020, the
1142:
In response to the controversy, a neighborhood working group was formed in 2009. The group identified 24 potential trail segments – some on streets, some on the railbed, and some on other alignments – that could be connected in various combinations to form a usable trail. The DCR proceeded with the
1027:
On
January 9, 1950, all passenger service on the branch was suspended due to a coal shortage during a miner's strike. After a petition from residents, a single round trip for commuters was restored on February 6. Diesel locomotives – typically hauling a single coach – replaced steam locomotives on
933:
Testing of the electrification took place on
January 19, 1904. A single electric railcar replaced the shuttle trains the next day, operating on the same schedule. The electrification resembled that of suburban streetcar lines, with a single wire strung from lineside poles. Power was purchased from
917:
electrification of the Lower Falls Branch and the Newton
Circuit, though it did not plan to construct it for at least several years. In June 1903, the commission ruled that the B&A was not required to operate Sunday service on the line. However, it did require the railroad to resume using a
897:
on the line in 1902 in an effort to recapture passengers from competing streetcar lines, but it was not found to be satisfactory. The B&A ended Sunday service on the line around the end of that year. In May 1903, residents appeared before the
Massachusetts Railroad Commission to voice issues
1043:
for permission to discontinue passenger service on the Newton Lower Falls Branch. The commission approved the petition that July, citing "meager patronage" and the availability of other nearby stations. Passenger service on the branch ended in August 1957, though freight service continued. The
942:. The company's Newton–Framingham streetcar line on Washington Street, then part of the Newton Street Railway, crossed the line at Lower Falls. The southern track of the four-track B&A mainline was electrified for the short distance between the branch junction and Riverside station.
1166:
The B&W listed the line as 1.251 miles (2.013 km) in 1852. B&A timetables gave the
Riverside–Lower Falls distance as 1.10 miles (1.77 km) in 1899, 1.16 miles (1.87 km) in 1926, and 1.25 miles (2.01 km) in 1949. Other sources give various lengths in this
1032:) in 1950–51. The highway crossed under the Newton Lower Falls Branch between Pine Grove and Riverside, with a bridge built to carry the rail line above the highway. Route 128 was relocated slightly to the west in the early 1960s during the construction of the
884:
within its borders. An 1898 city plan called for Pine Grove Avenue and
Concord Street to be placed on bridges above the Newton Lower Falls Branch. The Highland branch crossings were eliminated in 1905–07, but those on the Newton Lower Falls Branch remained.
1071:
the line; the company removed the rails on the branch in 1976, but formal abandonment did not actually occur. On November 1, 1982, Penn Central deeded the portion of the branch south of Route 128 to the Metropolitan District Commission. It included a
745:
provided all passenger service on the branch from January 1904 to April 1930. The northern half of the branch was relocated in 1926. Passenger service dropped from 20 daily round trips in 1904 to just one in 1950; it ended entirely in 1957.
853:", while Lower Falls Branch service was reduced to shuttle trains operating between Riverside and Lower Falls. By the turn of the century, the shuttle ran 20 daily round trips (seven on Sundays). The B&A was acquired by the
1107:
clause preventing railroad use of the alignment and did not preclude a trail. A second suit on similar grounds was filed in 2009. It was ultimately dismissed in 2015, as the 30-year deed restriction had expired in 2012.
825:
opened through northern Newton in 1834. It was originally planned to go through Lower Falls, but opposition from residents led it to be built to the north instead. Around 1845, the inhabitants of Newton Lower Falls and
1374:
879:
The B&A eliminated grade crossings on its mainline in Newton in 1895–97. The city then began planning to eliminate the remaining grade crossings on the Newton Lower Falls Branch, the Highland branch, and the
1103:(DCR) – the successor to the Metropolitan District Commission – alleged that the 1982 deed restriction prevented DCR from using the alignment for a trail. DCR argued that the restriction was intended to be a
1278:
876:. Riverside station was replaced in 1893–94. Both Riverside and Newton Lower Falls were designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge. Pine Grove station was not replaced; it remained a small wooden shelter.
1055:
Freight service to the final customer on the Lower Falls Branch, a lumber yard in Wellesley, ended on May 30, 1972. In January 1973, Penn Central sold most of its lines in eastern Massachusetts to the
1986:"Origin and Development of the Fixed-Route Local Bus Transportation Network in the Cities and Towns of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority District as of December 31, 1973: Revised Edition"
830:
requested that the B&W extend a branch to the two villages. The railroad was amenable to the proposal and ordered a survey. By 1846, the railroad approved plans to build a branch to Lower Falls.
961:
with a 40-passenger coach section, a small central baggage section, and a 20-passenger smoking section. Propulsion was a pair of 125 horsepower (93 kW) electric motors. It was equipped with a
1257:
2653:
1236:
1048:). The short section at Riverside connecting the Newton Lower Falls Branch with the mainline was kept in service. The B&A was fully merged into the NYC in 1961. The NYC in turn merged into
1119:
Additional lawsuits were filed in 2011 and 2014 by other abutters claiming that the rail easement had reverted back to the adjacent property owners upon abandonment of the line. In 2014, the
2164:
2148:
1009:, was replaced with buses around April 1, 1930. With power no longer readily available, the B&A switched the line back to steam operation on April 27, 1930. Service was reduced to
926:
was considered unsafe. The B&A also resolved the transfer delays at Riverside. In September 1903, the railroad announced that it would electrify the Newton Lower Falls Branch with
749:
Freight service continued until 1972. Ownership was transferred to the state in two segments in 1973 and 1982. Proposals in the early 21st century to convert the alignment to a
2132:
1128:
1123:
found in the latter case that the line had never actually been abandoned under Massachusetts state law, and that whether the line had been abandoned was a federal issue. The
989:
and to avoid replacing the Charles River bridge. The relocation took place later in 1926, leaving the Lower Falls Branch connected to the Highland branch south of Riverside.
898:
about the Lower Falls Branch. Their complaints included the lack of Sunday service, long waits at Riverside for connecting trains, the downgrading of Pine Grove station to a
1006:
1096:, whose property abutted the right-of-way. Trail opponents dumped yard waste and trash on the disputed segment to prevent it from being used as an unofficial trail.
1100:
800:
south of Riverside and ran southwest, joining the original alignment at Pine Grove. Passenger trains typically covered the length of the branch in five minutes.
1036:
extension to Boston. A new bridge for the Newton Lower Falls Branch was constructed over the new alignment, while the old alignment became an interchange ramp.
685:
2902:
2661:
788:
section of Newton, with Pine Grove station located at Pine Grove Avenue. The line crossed the Charles River again into the Lower Falls section of
2856:
2816:
2897:
1040:
2503:
Final System Plan for Restructuring Railroads in the Northeast and Midwest Region Pursuant to the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973
2447:
Final System Plan for Restructuring Railroads in the Northeast and Midwest Region Pursuant to the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973
2777:
2480:
2870:
1056:
945:
All service on the line was provided by the single electric car, originally numbered 11 and later 01, which was built in the company's
2892:
1076:
that disallowed the right-of-way from being used as "a transportation, communication, electrical or other corridor or right of way".
978:
2794:
678:
969:
861:
849:, which also connected to the main line near Riverside. Highland branch and main line commuter service were linked into the "
741:
opened in 1886, the Newton Lower Falls Branch was relegated to shuttle service. A streetcar-like electric railcar powered by
1124:
2843:
935:
619:
2838:
2187:
671:
2217:
1651:
1338:
1060:
934:
the Boston Suburban Electric Company – a holding firm for several streetcar lines that eventually were merged as the
827:
813:
785:
727:
1005:
The M&B replaced its Newton–Framingham streetcar line with buses in late 1929. Its final streetcar service, the
1194:
A short portion of the former Highland branch near Riverside remained in use for an industrial customer until 1976.
488:
2362:
872:. The new Newton Lower Falls station was built in 1887; later demolished, it was very similar to the still-extant
2695:
997:
986:
1443:
796:. Tracks continued across the street to a freight yard and engine house. After 1926, the line branched off the
833:
The Newton Lower Falls Branch opened on January 18, 1847. "Newton Special" commuter service was extended from
772:
The approximately 1.2-mile (1.9 km) line originally branched off the Boston and Albany main line west of
881:
822:
930:
in the following months. The electrification was intended to reduce the cost of running the shuttle trains.
1132:
773:
719:
348:
251:
70:
1897:
1879:
1861:
1670:
1615:
1597:
1068:
754:
2721:
Charles C. Stover, III and Katharine S. Stover v. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
2567:
Charles C. Stover, III and Katharine S. Stover v. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
2550:
1059:. This included the section of the Newton Lower Falls Branch north of the Route 128 bridge. In 1975, the
985:
near Riverside. This allowed the B&A to relocate the northern half of the line to remove tracks from
974:
939:
869:
873:
842:
711:
99:
1135:(STB) had sole jurisdiction over railroad abandonments. At the request of the court, the STB filed an
30:
2855:
1391:
1358:
1028:
the branch in April 1951. The state constructed the northern section of the Circumferential Highway (
854:
2729:
2725:
2571:
2529:
1427:
1088:
region identified several disused rail lines, including the Newton Lower Falls Branch, as potential
1695:
Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl (June 1988). "Architecture for the Boston & Albany Railroad: 1881-1894".
1120:
1111:
789:
731:
850:
2676:
2619:
2611:
2462:
2420:
2402:
2384:
2340:
2332:
2313:
2273:
2241:
2233:
2114:
2095:
2038:
2020:
1970:. No. 65. Connecticut Valley Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society. p. 19.
1945:
1922:
1843:
1825:
1750:
1562:
1294:
1215:
1029:
962:
905:
222:
2760:
1581:
1512:
1496:
1033:
919:
793:
2634:
2497:
2441:
2075:
2056:
1807:
1786:
1768:
2877:
2818:
Lower Falls Shared-Use Trail Feasibility Study: Leo J. Martin Golf Course to Quinobequin Road
2299:
1474:
1466:
777:
723:
2291:
2255:
2002:
2743:
Elaine K. Murray and Ruth Levens v. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
2546:
Elaine K. Murray and Ruth Levens v. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
2525:
Elaine K. Murray and Ruth Levens v. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
1283:. Boston and Albany Railroad. September 25, 1949. p. 33 – via Wikimedia Commons.
2153:. Boston and Albany Railroad. September 30, 1934. p. 7 – via Wikimedia Commons.
8:
2097:
Report of the Board of Directors to the Stockholders for the year ended December 31, 1926
1045:
834:
2003:"Combination Baggage, Smoking and Passenger Electric Given Trial Trips Over Newton Line"
1044:
Highland branch was abandoned in mid-1958 for conversion into a streetcar line (now the
2800:. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. May 7, 2009. pp. 28–38.
2169:. Boston and Albany Railroad. April 27, 1941. p. 21 – via Wikimedia Commons.
1730:
1712:
1139:
brief agreeing that it had sole jurisdiction and that the line had not been abandoned.
1985:
1407:
1262:. Boston and Albany Railroad. July 18, 1926. p. 44 – via Wikimedia Commons.
2847:
2213:
1647:
1478:
1460:
1334:
1241:. Boston and Albany Railroad. May 28, 1899. p. 19 – via Wikimedia Commons.
1127:
affirmed in 2016, and the 2011 case was also dismissed for that reason. In 2017, the
2747:
2137:. Boston and Albany Railroad. May 7, 1931. p. 13 – via Wikimedia Commons.
2592:
1704:
1073:
946:
865:
1185:
Several sources incorrectly claim that electric service began on February 1, 1900.
737:
The branch opened in January 1847 and immediately saw commuter service. After the
2501:
2445:
2079:
846:
797:
753:
resulted in a decade of litigation, which concluded that the line had never been
738:
296:
1734:
1411:
2081:
Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court of Massachusetts in the Year 1926
927:
742:
214:
2654:"Rebuilt bridge connecting Newton and Wellesley open to bicycles, pedestrians"
2442:"Section B: Lines Not Now Being Served or Receiving Only Intermittent Service"
965:– a "novel device" at the time. The car was locally known as the "Ping-Pong".
2886:
2878:
Newton Lower Falls Improvement Association – Recreation Trails in Lower Falls
2506:. Vol. 2. United States Railway Association. July 26, 1975. p. 528.
2450:. Vol. 2. United States Railway Association. July 26, 1975. p. 497.
1136:
982:
894:
781:
715:
417:
57:
2588:
Joseph D. Collins v. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
1067:
because of the lack of traffic on the line. Penn Central applied by 1975 to
1966:
Dana, Edward (October 1960 – July 1961). "Riverside Line Extension, 1959".
1482:
1049:
923:
718:, United States. The approximately 1.2-mile (1.9 km) line ran between
1131:
dismissed a further suit by the 2014 plaintiffs, finding that the federal
2821:. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. November 2020.
958:
186:
2210:
A Field Guide to Southern New England Railroad Depots and Freight Houses
1413:
Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Wellesley, Norfolk County, Massachusetts
757:. One section of rail trail opened in 2012; another portion is planned.
2795:"Charles River Reservation Footbridge Projects/Trail Corridor Proposal"
1736:
Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Newton, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
1104:
1089:
954:
950:
914:
767:
Map of the Newton Lower Falls Branch with the pre-1926 alignment in red
750:
1716:
1085:
899:
860:
Between 1881 and 1894, the B&A replaced 32 of its stations with
2183:
1708:
1093:
2188:"An Adventurous Walk Along the Charles: Auburndale to Lower Falls"
1176:
Prior to 1887, the station was located south of Washington Street.
1470:
1064:
792:, where the Newton Lower Falls station was located just north of
1445:
Newton's 19th Century Architecture: Newton Upper and Lower Falls
1379:(Map). O.H. Bailey & Co. 1880 – via Wikimedia Commons.
2865:
1567:. Boston and Worcester Railroad. June 7, 1847. pp. 13, 14.
1501:. Boston and Worcester Railroad. June 2, 1845. pp. 9, 10.
1129:
United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
1517:. Boston and Worcester Railroad. June 1, 1846. pp. 8, 9.
922:
on locomotives on the branch; the practice of only having an
2498:"Section D: Discontinuances Under Section 304(f) of the Act"
1757:. September 20, 1898. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
1583:
Report of the Directors of the Boston and Worcester Railroad
1564:
Report of the Directors of the Boston and Worcester Railroad
1514:
Report of the Directors of the Boston and Worcester Railroad
1498:
Report of the Directors of the Boston and Worcester Railroad
1217:
Report of the Directors of the Boston and Worcester Railroad
784:. The single track ran south, crossing the Charles into the
2486:. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. January 1973.
2073:
1793:. Vol. 22, no. 18. October 31, 1903. p. 796.
1677:. September 25, 1903. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
1001:
The 1951-opened bridge over the Route 128 ramp seen in 2012
845:(B&A) in 1867. On May 16, 1886, the B&A opened its
2766:. Surface Transportation Board. February 2018. p. 21.
2409:. February 7, 1957. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
2280:. January 24, 1950. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
2274:"Newton Commuters Seek Restoration of B. & A. Service"
1952:. January 20, 1904. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
2262:. January 12, 1950. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
2009:. January 21, 1904. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
1929:. January 19, 1904. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
1832:. January 14, 1903. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
1622:. November 3, 1856. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
1604:. January 18, 1849. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
2778:"Bike Path Alternative Segment Names & Descriptions"
2320:. January 7, 1950. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
2234:"B. & A. Forced to Cancel 38 Trains Starting Monday"
1814:. Vol. 35, no. 28. July 10, 1903. p. 517.
1787:"Proposed Electric Operation on the Boston & Albany"
2427:. July 17, 1957. p. 42 – via Newspapers.com.
2256:"Boston & Albany Withdraws 38 Trains From Schedule"
2121:. April 26, 1930. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
2027:. April 6, 1909. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.
1904:. June 30, 1903. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.
1775:. Vol. 34, no. 21. May 23, 1902. p. 383.
1299:. Vol. 26. H.V. & H.W. Poor. 1893. p. 80.
1101:
Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
2574: (Massachusetts Land Court November 12, 2013).
1850:. May 13, 1903. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
1586:. Boston and Worcester Railroad. 1850. pp. 9, 13.
1886:. May 26, 1903. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
1868:. May 12, 1903. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
857:(NYC) in 1900, but maintained its separate identity.
2728: (Massachusetts Land Court July 11, 2017). (
2639:. Central Transportation Planning Staff. p. 22.
2532: (Massachusetts Land Court October 6, 2014).
2063:. Vol. 12, no. 3. March 1913. p. 134.
2045:. May 7, 1913. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
1396:. 1:2,400. Geo. W. Stadly & Co. 1897. p. 1.
1393:
Atlas of the town of Wellesley, Norfolk County, Mass
817:
1880 illustration of the Newton Lower Falls terminus
2783:. Newton Lower Falls Improvement Association. 2009.
2595: (Massachusetts Land Court March 23, 2012).
2403:"B & A Seeks Curtailment In Newton Lower Falls"
1598:"Saxonville and Newton Lower Falls Branch Railroad"
1458:
1296:
Poor's Manual of the Railroads of the United States
1039:In February 1957, the B&A petitioned the state
2333:"State's First Super Road Will Be Big Traffic Aid"
1697:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
1220:. Boston and Worcester Railroad. 1852. p. 14.
1024:and Riverside stations are also no longer extant.
841:The Boston and Worcester Railroad merged into the
1448:. Newton Historical Commission. 1982. p. 21.
1429:USGS 1:31680-scale Quadrangle for Natick, MA 1943
1363:. 1:2,400. G.W. Bromley & Co. 1917. Plate 10.
1063:did not recommend that the branch be included in
2884:
581:
517:
330:
286:
246:
2857:Template:Attached KML/Newton Lower Falls Branch
2057:"New Record Trip Made by a Storage Battery Car"
1462:History of the Town of Wellesley, Massachusetts
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
957:on each end. It was a 60 feet (18 m) long
938:(M&B) – with electricity supplied from its
2582:
2580:
2103:. New York Central Railroad. 1927. p. 17.
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1547:Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1985).
1432:(Map). 1:31,680. U.S. Geological Survey. 1943.
1390:"Part of the Town of Wellesley, Mass" (Map).
1329:Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1986).
2632:
2561:
2559:
2540:
2538:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2421:"D.P.U. Orders Close Of 2 B.&A. Stations"
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2314:"Barletta Wins Road Job With $ 3,032,419 Bid"
1576:
1574:
1546:
1328:
1099:A 2006 lawsuit filed by abutters against the
679:
2811:
2809:
2807:
1979:
1977:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1416:. 1:600. Sanborn Map Company. November 1919.
1303:
1079:
2677:"Neighbors divided over proposed bike path"
2577:
1802:
1800:
1681:
1665:
1663:
1549:Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1115:The repaired bridge carrying the rail trail
2735:
2713:
2696:"Real property – Restriction – Expiration"
2648:
2646:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2556:
2535:
2510:
2436:
2434:
2347:
1571:
1360:Atlas of the city of Newton, Massachusetts
1057:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
909:The electric car at Riverside in the 1900s
686:
672:
2903:Closed railway lines in the United States
2860:
2804:
2292:"B&A Restore Service On Falls Branch"
1974:
1965:
1933:
1459:Fiske, Joseph E.; Ellen W. Fiske (1917).
1357:"Part of Ward 4, City of Newton" (Map).
1352:
1350:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1231:
1229:
1227:
2683:. p. B2 – via Newspapers.com.
2391:. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com.
1983:
1890:
1797:
1660:
1521:
1162:
1160:
1110:
996:
904:
812:
16:Former railway line in Massachusetts, US
2674:
2643:
2609:
2598:
2469:. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
2431:
2382:
2360:
2178:
2176:
1961:
1959:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1694:
977:approved plans for the B&A and the
913:At that time, the B&A was studying
35:Newton Lower Falls station in the 1890s
2885:
2201:
1644:The Rail Lines of Southern New England
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1347:
1331:Boston's Commuter Rail: Second Section
1266:
1245:
1224:
2633:Buckley Lewis, Cathy (October 1996).
2463:"MBTA gets $ 19.5m to buy rail lines"
2330:
1333:. Boston Street Railway Association.
1280:Time-Table No. 159 For Employees only
1259:Time Table No. 107 For Employees Only
1157:
2898:Rail infrastructure in Massachusetts
2693:
2553: (D. Mass October 11, 2017).
2461:Carr, Robert B. (January 25, 1973).
2460:
2182:
2173:
2074:Massachusetts General Court (1927).
1995:
1956:
1908:
1641:
1616:"Horrible Death on a Railroad Track"
1551:. Boston Street Railway Association.
1125:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
970:Edison-Beach storage battery railcar
893:The B&A tested a self-propelled
2207:
2115:"Many Changes In Railway Schedules"
1984:Humphrey, Thomas J. (August 2020).
1626:
936:Middlesex and Boston Street Railway
437:
13:
2636:MetroWest Bicycle–Pedestrian Study
2572: 21 LCR 640 MISC 11-449303
2212:. Branch Line Press. p. 117.
888:
14:
2914:
2829:
1646:(2 ed.). Branch Line Press.
1376:Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts
1061:United States Railway Association
734:, with one intermediate station.
2893:Boston and Albany Railroad lines
2864:
2750: (Mass. August 4, 2016).
2610:Hennick, Calvin (June 7, 2009).
2383:Plotkin, A.S. (April 29, 1963).
2298:. February 9, 1950. pp. 1,
979:Metropolitan District Commission
808:
631:
609:
571:
553:
552:
545:
507:
500:
477:
470:
463:
443:
436:
429:
407:
401:
400:
393:
374:
367:
360:
320:
313:
275:
268:
29:
2787:
2770:
2753:
2687:
2675:Schworm, Peter (May 26, 2009).
2668:
2626:
2490:
2473:
2454:
2413:
2395:
2376:
2324:
2306:
2284:
2266:
2248:
2240:. January 6, 1950. pp. 1,
2226:
2157:
2141:
2125:
2107:
2088:
2067:
2049:
2031:
2013:
1872:
1854:
1836:
1818:
1779:
1761:
1743:
1723:
1608:
1590:
1555:
1505:
1489:
1452:
1436:
1420:
1400:
1383:
1188:
1179:
1170:
968:In 1913, the B&A tested an
546:
444:
394:
2370:Newton Conservators Newsletter
2195:Newton Conservators Newsletter
1880:"Third-Rail Plans For Circuit"
1367:
1287:
1208:
949:. The car resembled a typical
501:
471:
430:
1:
2660:. May 8, 2012. Archived from
2331:Casey, Gene (June 11, 1950).
1485:– via Internet Archive.
1473:: The Pilgrim Press. p.
1201:
823:Boston and Worcester Railroad
632:
464:
375:
368:
361:
276:
269:
2700:Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly
2694:Egan, Tom (April 29, 2015).
2612:"Bike path may turn on deed"
2361:Chapman, Ted (Winter 2018).
1133:Surface Transportation Board
902:, and poor freight service.
610:
7:
2622:– via Newspapers.com.
2385:"The Route 128 Interchange"
2343:– via Newspapers.com.
2302:– via Newspapers.com.
2244:– via Newspapers.com.
1041:Public Utilities Commission
1007:Auburndale–Lake Street line
870:Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
572:
508:
478:
408:
321:
314:
10:
2919:
1642:Karr, Ronald Dale (2017).
1084:A 1996 state study of the
992:
843:Boston and Albany Railroad
803:
712:Boston and Albany Railroad
710:was a short branch of the
227:Overhead lines (1904–1930)
100:Boston and Albany Railroad
2871:Newton Lower Falls Branch
2208:Roy, John H. Jr. (2007).
1902:Boston Evening Transcript
1884:Boston Evening Transcript
1866:Boston Evening Transcript
1675:Boston Evening Transcript
1671:"Electrics on the Branch"
1620:Boston Evening Transcript
1602:Boston Evening Transcript
1080:Rail trail and litigation
855:New York Central Railroad
708:Newton Lower Falls Branch
640:
625:
618:
603:
598:
565:
561:
539:
534:
494:
486:
457:
452:
423:
416:
387:
383:
354:
347:
307:
284:
262:
231:
221:
185:
177:
173:1.2 mi (1.9 km)
169:
164:
149:
141:
133:
125:
110:
105:
95:
90:
82:
63:
53:
45:
40:
28:
24:Newton Lower Falls Branch
23:
2861:KML is not from Wikidata
2761:"Budget Request FY 2019"
1862:"Sunday Trains Demanded"
1150:
1121:Massachusetts Land Court
862:Richardsonian Romanesque
760:
2363:"The Two Bridges Trail"
2061:Street Railway Bulletin
1968:Transportation Bulletin
864:structures designed by
142:Passenger service ended
1898:"Sunday Train Service"
1791:Street Railway Journal
1116:
1034:Massachusetts Turnpike
1002:
910:
818:
134:Electric service ended
126:Electric service began
2873:at Wikimedia Commons
2039:"Storage Battery Car"
1923:"Trolley System Test"
1844:"Complain Of Service"
1751:"Newton Improvements"
1114:
1000:
908:
816:
487:B&A main line to
290:to Boston via B&A
1826:"Want Sunday Trains"
1812:The Railroad Gazette
1773:The Railroad Gazette
940:Newton power station
882:Charles River Branch
2658:Wicked Local Newton
1046:Green Line D branch
868:and his successors
838:line around 1860.
599:Newton Lower Falls
2664:on August 8, 2016.
2296:The Newton Graphic
2260:The Newton Graphic
1808:"Steam Motor Cars"
1117:
1003:
911:
828:Newton Upper Falls
819:
755:formally abandoned
75:Newton Lower Falls
2869:Media related to
2748: 479 Mass. 99
2551: 17-10608-PBS
1238:Time Table No. 40
975:state legislature
963:dead man's switch
953:car save for the
794:Washington Street
774:Riverside station
720:Riverside station
704:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
660:
659:
594:
593:
530:
529:
343:
342:
302:
301:
2910:
2868:
2851:
2823:
2822:
2813:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2681:The Boston Globe
2672:
2666:
2665:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2616:The Boston Globe
2607:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2467:The Boston Globe
2458:
2452:
2451:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2425:The Boston Globe
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:The Boston Globe
2399:
2393:
2392:
2389:The Boston Globe
2380:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2358:
2345:
2344:
2337:The Boston Globe
2328:
2322:
2321:
2318:The Boston Globe
2310:
2304:
2303:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:The Boston Globe
2270:
2264:
2263:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2238:The Boston Globe
2230:
2224:
2223:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:The Boston Globe
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:The Boston Globe
2035:
2029:
2028:
2025:The Boston Globe
2017:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1950:The Boston Globe
1942:
1931:
1930:
1927:The Boston Globe
1919:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1848:The Boston Globe
1840:
1834:
1833:
1830:The Boston Globe
1822:
1816:
1815:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1769:"The Scrap Heap"
1765:
1759:
1758:
1755:The Boston Globe
1747:
1741:
1740:
1739:. 1:1,200. 1910.
1727:
1721:
1720:
1692:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1639:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1326:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1264:
1263:
1254:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1212:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1074:deed restriction
1069:formally abandon
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
866:H. H. Richardson
688:
681:
674:
668:
635:
634:
613:
612:
582:
575:
574:
556:
555:
549:
548:
518:
511:
510:
504:
503:
481:
480:
474:
473:
467:
466:
447:
446:
440:
439:
433:
432:
411:
410:
404:
403:
397:
396:
378:
377:
371:
370:
364:
363:
331:
324:
323:
317:
316:
287:
279:
278:
272:
271:
260:
259:
247:
233:
232:
217:
211:
207:
205:
204:
200:
197:
178:Number of tracks
160:
158:
129:January 20, 1904
121:
119:
118:January 18, 1847
114:January 18, 1847
33:
21:
20:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2883:
2882:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726: 25 LCR 487
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2692:
2688:
2673:
2669:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2631:
2627:
2618:. pp. W1,
2608:
2599:
2593: 20 LCR 164
2586:
2585:
2578:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2530: 22 LCR 469
2523:
2522:
2511:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2459:
2455:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2381:
2377:
2365:
2359:
2348:
2329:
2325:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2206:
2202:
2190:
2186:(Winter 2016).
2181:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2072:
2068:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1964:
1957:
1946:"In Public Use"
1944:
1943:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1693:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1640:
1627:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1545:
1522:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1457:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1327:
1304:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1082:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
995:
959:combination car
891:
889:Electrification
874:Ashland station
847:Highland branch
811:
806:
798:Highland branch
770:
769:
768:
763:
739:Highland branch
692:
666:
636:
614:
596:
576:
557:
550:
532:
512:
505:
482:
475:
468:
453:Pre-1926 route
448:
441:
434:
412:
405:
398:
379:
372:
365:
345:
325:
318:
297:Highland branch
280:
273:
254:
238:
223:Electrification
213:
209:
202:
198:
195:
193:
192:4 ft
191:
156:
154:
117:
115:
78:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2881:
2880:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:External links
2828:
2825:
2824:
2803:
2786:
2769:
2752:
2734:
2712:
2686:
2667:
2642:
2625:
2597:
2576:
2555:
2534:
2509:
2489:
2472:
2453:
2430:
2412:
2394:
2375:
2346:
2339:. pp. 1,
2323:
2305:
2283:
2265:
2247:
2225:
2218:
2200:
2172:
2156:
2140:
2124:
2106:
2087:
2084:. p. 161.
2066:
2048:
2030:
2012:
1994:
1973:
1955:
1932:
1907:
1889:
1871:
1853:
1835:
1817:
1796:
1778:
1760:
1742:
1722:
1709:10.2307/990324
1703:(2): 109–131.
1680:
1659:
1652:
1625:
1607:
1589:
1570:
1554:
1520:
1504:
1488:
1451:
1435:
1419:
1399:
1382:
1366:
1346:
1339:
1302:
1286:
1265:
1244:
1223:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1081:
1078:
994:
991:
928:overhead lines
890:
887:
851:Newton Circuit
810:
807:
805:
802:
766:
765:
764:
762:
759:
743:overhead lines
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
691:
690:
683:
676:
667:This diagram:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
642:
641:
639:
637:
630:
628:
626:
623:
622:
617:
615:
608:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
592:
591:
587:
586:
579:
577:
570:
568:
566:
563:
562:
560:
558:
551:
544:
542:
540:
537:
536:
533:
528:
527:
523:
522:
515:
513:
506:
499:
497:
495:
492:
491:
485:
483:
476:
469:
462:
460:
458:
455:
454:
451:
449:
442:
435:
428:
426:
424:
421:
420:
415:
413:
406:
399:
392:
390:
388:
385:
384:
382:
380:
373:
366:
359:
357:
355:
352:
351:
346:
341:
340:
336:
335:
328:
326:
319:
312:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
299:
292:
291:
283:
281:
274:
267:
265:
263:
256:
255:
250:
240:
239:
236:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
215:standard gauge
189:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
137:April 27, 1930
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
112:
108:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
77:
76:
73:
67:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2915:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2796:
2790:
2779:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2482:
2481:"Certificate"
2476:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2221:
2219:9780942147087
2215:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1653:9780942147124
1649:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1340:9780938315025
1336:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1137:amicus curiae
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1008:
999:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:Allston shops
943:
941:
937:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
907:
903:
901:
896:
895:steam railcar
886:
883:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
836:
831:
829:
824:
815:
809:Early history
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:Charles River
779:
775:
758:
756:
752:
747:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:Massachusetts
713:
709:
689:
684:
682:
677:
675:
670:
669:
664:
663:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
643:
638:
629:
627:
624:
621:
616:
607:
605:
602:
589:
588:
584:
583:
578:
569:
567:
564:
559:
543:
541:
538:
525:
524:
520:
519:
514:
498:
496:
493:
490:
484:
461:
459:
456:
450:
427:
425:
422:
419:
418:Charles River
414:
391:
389:
386:
381:
358:
356:
353:
350:
338:
337:
333:
332:
327:
311:
309:
306:
298:
294:
293:
289:
288:
282:
266:
264:
261:
258:
257:
253:
249:
248:
245:
242:
241:
235:
234:
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
210:1,435 mm
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
113:
109:
104:
101:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
74:
72:
69:
68:
66:
62:
59:
58:Massachusetts
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2863:
2837:
2817:
2789:
2772:
2755:
2742:
2737:
2720:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2699:
2689:
2680:
2670:
2662:the original
2657:
2635:
2628:
2615:
2587:
2566:
2545:
2524:
2502:
2492:
2475:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2378:
2369:
2336:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2237:
2228:
2209:
2203:
2194:
2165:
2159:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2096:
2090:
2080:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1991:. NETransit.
1967:
1949:
1926:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1700:
1696:
1674:
1643:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1582:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1513:
1507:
1497:
1491:
1461:
1454:
1444:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1385:
1375:
1369:
1359:
1330:
1295:
1289:
1279:
1258:
1237:
1216:
1210:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1145:
1141:
1118:
1098:
1083:
1054:
1050:Penn Central
1038:
1026:
1004:
967:
944:
932:
912:
892:
878:
859:
840:
832:
820:
780:side of the
771:
748:
736:
707:
705:
590:2.01 km
585:1.25 mi
526:1.32 km
521:0.82 mi
334:0.00 mi
295:main line |
243:
157:May 30, 1972
153:May 30, 1972
18:
2150:Time Tables
2134:Time Tables
2007:Boston Post
1090:rail trails
835:West Newton
786:Lower Falls
728:Lower Falls
535:Pine Grove
187:Track gauge
170:Line length
145:August 1957
2887:Categories
1731:"Plate 82"
1202:References
1105:noncompete
973:1926, the
951:interurban
915:third rail
751:rail trail
2705:April 24,
2184:Khan, Kay
1408:"Plate 2"
1086:MetroWest
1052:in 1968.
1030:Route 128
983:swap land
900:flag stop
790:Wellesley
732:Wellesley
349:Riverside
339:0 km
237:Route map
165:Technical
71:Riverside
2839:KML file
2730:Judgment
2021:"Newton"
1094:Kay Khan
987:parkland
924:engineer
206: in
83:Stations
41:Overview
1733:(Map).
1483:6541911
1471:Chicago
1410:(Map).
1065:Conrail
1018:⁄
993:Closure
920:fireman
804:History
776:on the
620:M&B
201:⁄
155: (
116: (
106:History
91:Service
64:Termini
2746:,
2724:,
2591:,
2570:,
2549:,
2528:,
2216:
2166:Form 2
1717:990324
1715:
1650:
1481:
1467:Boston
1337:
1167:range.
778:Weston
724:Newton
489:Albany
303:
252:Legend
244:
150:Closed
111:Opened
96:System
54:Locale
49:Closed
46:Status
2798:(PDF)
2781:(PDF)
2764:(PDF)
2484:(PDF)
2366:(PDF)
2191:(PDF)
2101:(PDF)
1989:(PDF)
1713:JSTOR
1151:Notes
955:pilot
761:Route
595:
580:
531:
516:
344:
329:
285:
2848:help
2844:edit
2707:2024
2214:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1479:OCLC
1335:ISBN
821:The
726:and
706:The
687:edit
680:talk
673:view
1705:doi
981:to
730:in
722:in
714:in
2889::
2846:•
2806:^
2698:.
2679:.
2656:.
2645:^
2620:W5
2614:.
2600:^
2579:^
2558:^
2537:^
2512:^
2500:.
2465:.
2444:.
2433:^
2423:.
2405:.
2387:.
2368:.
2349:^
2341:38
2335:.
2316:.
2294:.
2276:.
2258:.
2242:17
2236:.
2193:.
2175:^
2117:.
2078:.
2059:.
2041:.
2023:.
2005:.
1976:^
1958:^
1948:.
1935:^
1925:.
1910:^
1900:.
1882:.
1864:.
1846:.
1828:.
1810:.
1799:^
1789:.
1771:.
1753:.
1711:.
1701:47
1699:.
1683:^
1673:.
1662:^
1628:^
1618:.
1600:.
1573:^
1523:^
1477:.
1475:26
1469:,
1465:.
1349:^
1305:^
1268:^
1247:^
1226:^
1159:^
212:)
2850:)
2842:(
2732:)
2709:.
2372:.
2300:6
2222:.
2197:.
1719:.
1707::
1656:.
1343:.
1020:2
1016:1
1013:+
1011:7
208:(
203:2
199:1
196:+
194:8
181:1
159:)
120:)
86:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.