475:
896:
407:
107:
92:
125:
78:
63:
39:
887:) is a moribund Samoyedic language spoken by the Nganasan people. It is now considered highly endangered, as most Nganasan people now speak Russian rather than their native language. In 2010, it was estimated that only 125 Nganasan people can speak it in the southwestern and central parts of the Taymyr Peninsula.
1495:
Jeong, Choongwon; Balanovsky, Oleg; Lukianova, Elena; Kahbatkyzy, Nurzhibek; Flegontov, Pavel; Zaporozhchenko, Valery; Immel, Alexander; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Ixan, Olzhas; Khussainova, Elmira; Bekmanov, Bakhytzhan; Zaibert, Victor; Lavryashina, Maria; Pocheshkhova, Elvira; Yusupov, Yuldash (June 2019).
640:
By the middle of the 17th century, Tungusic peoples began to push the
Samoyedic peoples northward towards the tundra Taymyr Peninsula, where they merged into one tribe called Avam Nganasans. As the Tavgs were the largest Samoyedic group at the time of this merger, their dialect formed the basis of
1667:
Sikora, Martin; Pitulko, Vladimir V.; Sousa, Vitor C.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Vinner, Lasse; Rasmussen, Simon; Margaryan, Ashot; de Barros
Damgaard, Peter; de la Fuente, Constanza; Renaud, Gabriel; Yang, Melinda A.; Fu, Qiaomei; Dupanloup, Isabelle; Giampoudakis, Konstantinos; Nogués-Bravo, David
835:, which remained relatively free of foreign influence due to the Nganasans' geographic isolation until recent history. Because of their isolation, shamanism was a living phenomenon in the lives of the Nganasans, even into the beginning of the 20th century. The last notable Nganasan shaman's
677:
rivers, which is the site of the modern-day settlement Ust-Avam. The
Nganasans often tried to avoid paying yasak by changing the names that they provided to the Russians. Relations between the Russians and Nganasans were not always peaceful. In 1666, the Nganasans ambushed and killed yasak
641:
the present-day
Nganasan language. In the late 19th century, a Tungusic group called the Vanyadyrs also moved to the Eastern Taymyr peninsula, where they were absorbed by the Avam Nganasans, resulting in the tribe that is now called Vadeyev Nganasans. In the 19th century, a member of the
1734:... the Neosiberian turnover from the south ... largely replaced Ancient Paleosiberian ancestry .... Therefore, this phase of the Neosiberian population turnover must initially have transmitted other languages or language families into Siberia, including possibly Uralic and Yukaghir.
757:, the Nganasans were able to maintain a semi-nomadic lifestyle following domesticated reindeer herds up until the early 1970s, when the state settled the Nganasans along with the Dolgans and Enets in three different villages it constructed: Ust-Avam,
790:
to the southwest. By 1978, all domestic reindeer herding had ceased, and with new Soviet equipment, the yield of hunted wild reindeer reached 50,000 in the 1980s. Most
Nganasan men were employed as hunters, and the women worked as teachers or as
1029:
Lamnidis, Thiseas C.; Majander, Kerttu; Jeong, Choongwon; Salmela, Elina; Wessman, Anna; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav; Khartanovich, Valery; Balanovsky, Oleg; Ongyerth, Matthias; Weihmann, Antje; Sajantila, Antti (27 November 2018).
1004:
2824:
4291:
743:
reindeer that had previously only been primarily for transport or eaten during periods of famine. Additionally, the
Soviets took a greater interest in the Nganasans as a people, and starting in the 1930s,
954:, it was found that the Nganasans best represent a possible source population for the Proto-Uralic people. Nganasan-like ancestry is found in every group of modern Uralic-speakers in varying degrees.
359:. They lived relatively independently, until the 1970s, when they were settled in the villages they live in today, which are at the southern edges of the Nganasans' historical nomadic routes.
678:
collectors, soldiers, tradesmen, and their interpreters on three occasions, stealing the sable furs and property belonging to them. Over the course of the year, 35 men were killed in total.
727:. The Soviets had established that 11% of families owned 60 percent of the deer, while the lower 66% owned only 17 percent, and redistributed this property by collectivizing reindeer into
941:
In 2019, a study based on genetics, archaeology and linguistics found that Uralic speakers arrived in the Baltic region from the East, specifically from
Siberia, at the beginning of the
613:, where they were absorbed into Samoyed culture, forming a new group called the Tidiris. There was another group of Tungusic peoples called the Tavgs who lived along the basins of the
3925:
2731:
426:, but they would also often use this term when referring to the Enets people and instead refer to themselves as the Avam people. For the Nganasans, the term signified
4084:
689:
or otherwise contacted by missionaries. Some
Nganasans traded directly with the Russians, while others did so via the Dolgans. They usually exchanged sable furs for
701:, and various tools, products which quickly integrated themselves into Nganasan culture. In the 1830s, and again from 1907 to 1908, Russian contact caused major
4079:
938:
Nganasans are linked to "Neo-Siberian" ancestry, which is estimated to have expanded from the northeast Asian region into
Siberia about ~11,000 years ago BCE.
2819:
582:
peoples living there who they then assimilated into their culture. One group of
Samoyedic people intermarried with Paleo-Siberian peoples living between the
669:
in the form of sable fur under the yasak system in 1618. Tribute collectors established themselves at the "Avam Winter Quarters", at the confluence of the
911:-Tat. Other Samoyedic peoples mainly have more N1b-P43, rather than N1c, suggesting a bottleneck event. Haplogroup N originated in the northern part of
2838:
2583:
507:
899:
Estimated ancestry components among selected Eurasian populations. The yellow component represents Neo-Siberian ancestry (represented by Nganasans).
474:
982:
John Ziker, who lived with the Nganasans for extended periods, always cites the Nganasan population to be approximately 1,000 persons in his works.
3037:
2833:
3588:
2139:
780:
610:
328:
The Nganasans are thought to be the direct descendants of proto-Uralic peoples. However there is some evidence that they absorbed a local
2600:
1555:
Tambets, Kristiina; Rootsi, Siiri; Kivisild, Toomas; Help, Hela; Serk, Piia; Loogväli, Eva-Liis; Tolk, Helle-Viivi; et al. (2004).
3026:
2542:
398:
and it is estimated that at most 500 of the Nganasan can still speak it, with very limited proficiency among those 18 and younger.
1960:
294:
4281:
670:
735:
around which the Nganasan then settled. This represented a great change in lifestyle, as the Nganasan, who had primarily been
2576:
2016:
1935:
1471:
1344:
1248:
963:
714:
621:
rivers and came into contact with the aforementioned Samoyedic peoples, absorbing their language and creating their own Tavg
370:. However, those who study the Nganasan estimate their population to comprise approximately 1,000 people. Historically, the
945:
some 2,500 years ago, together with a Nganasan-related component, possibly linked to the spread of Uralic languages.
454:. The Nganasans were also formerly called Tavgi Samoyeds or Tavgis initially by the Russians, which derives from the word
1097:
310:
3512:
1557:"The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic 'Outliers' Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes"
1926:
Ziker, John (1998). "Kinship and exchange among the Dolgan and Nganasan of Northern Siberia". In Barry L. Isaac (ed.).
1894:
625:. It is known that the ancestors of the Nganasan previously inhabited territory further south from a book in the city
4276:
2132:
1870:
1847:
597:
B. O. Dolgikh refers to as the Samoyed-Ravens. Another group intermarried with the Paleo-Siberian inhabitants of the
246:
795:
decorating reindeer boots. Nganasan children began schooling in Russian, and even pursuing secondary education. The
332:
population. The Nganasans were traditionally a semi-nomadic people whose main form of subsistence was wild reindeer
4271:
2569:
2010:. "Senri Ethnological Studies" series. Vol. 44. Osaka: Minpaku: National Museum of Ethnology. pp. 77–91.
442:, which translates as 'comrade tribe', whereas the Vadeyev Nganasans to the east prefer to refer to themselves as
1990:
Shamanhood: The Endangered Language of Ritual, conference at the Centre for Advanced Study, 19–23 June 1999, Oslo
3804:
4141:
3874:
3290:
3218:
682:
3830:
2125:
1985:
1608:"Genetic evidence of an East Asian origin and Paleolithic northward migration of Y-chromosome haplogroup N"
923:. Subgroup N1c1 is frequently seen in non-Samoyedic peoples, N1c2 in Samoyedic peoples. In addition, mtDNA
653:
clan, which today, though linguistically fully Samoyedic, is still acknowledged as being Dolgan in origin.
2547:
649:
people who lived east of the Nganasans, was also absorbed by the Nganasans, and his descendants formed an
4114:
1828:
796:
1746:
Saag, Lehti; Laneman, Margot; Varul, Liivi; Lang, Valter; Metspal, Mait; Tambets, Kristiina (May 2019).
574:
The Nganasan are considered by most ethnographers who study them to have arisen as an ethnic group when
555:
The homeland of the Proto-Uralic peoples, including the Samoyeds, is suggested to be somewhere near the
4286:
4016:
3869:
1862:
762:
306:
4179:
3844:
2847:
2361:
506:. The areas they inhabited stretched over an area of more than 100,000 square kilometers, from the
2001:
Helimski, Eugene (1997). "Factors of Russianization in Siberia and Linguo-ecological Strategies".
3899:
2592:
2002:
367:
112:
1748:"The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East"
895:
4296:
3660:
3489:
1946:
526:
and Enets to their east and west respectively. In the winter, they resided in the south of the
1162:
3952:
3665:
3636:
3573:
2157:
786:, the government hunting enterprise, which supplied meat to the burgeoning industrial center
771:
were combined to create the villages, and after settling in them, the Nganasans shifted from
375:
363:
1837:
4099:
3710:
2924:
1683:
1621:
1043:
832:
665:
sometime in the early 17th century, and after some resistance, began to pay tribute to the
2292:
8:
3967:
3957:
3944:
3762:
3655:
3641:
622:
395:
1687:
1625:
1047:
386:
has become the first language of many Nganasans. Some Nganasans live in villages with a
4250:
4174:
4119:
4011:
3938:
3854:
3361:
1914:
1885:
1811:
1772:
1747:
1725:
1644:
1607:
1583:
1556:
1532:
1074:
1032:"Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe"
1031:
1005:
State statistics committee of Ukraine - National composition of population, 2001 census
812:
539:
495:
463:
290:
2046:
1945:
Ziker, John (2002). "Land use and economic change among the Dolgan and the Nganasan".
1233:
601:
and formed another group which he called the Samoyed-Eagles. Subsequently, a group of
362:
There is no certainty as to the exact number of Nganasans living in Russia today. The
3885:
3879:
3859:
3815:
3626:
3368:
2503:
2068:
1931:
1918:
1866:
1843:
1777:
1729:
1717:
1709:
1649:
1588:
1537:
1519:
1477:
1467:
1254:
1244:
1079:
1061:
908:
848:
575:
431:
406:
371:
278:
169:
145:
2117:
1669:
1497:
4240:
4104:
3962:
3906:
3690:
3563:
3414:
3180:
2987:
2149:
2058:
1906:
1799:
1767:
1759:
1699:
1691:
1674:
1639:
1629:
1578:
1568:
1527:
1511:
1502:
1069:
1051:
950:
724:
602:
503:
419:
383:
341:
314:
282:
208:
193:
149:
97:
2322:
2307:
2024:
1348:
1243:. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.
935:, and Siberians, is related to the migration of people speaking Uralic languages.
522:
in the south. The hunting areas of the Nganasan often coincided with those of the
4245:
4194:
4169:
4089:
4045:
3993:
3919:
3527:
3474:
3454:
3449:
3434:
3391:
3327:
3165:
2931:
1634:
920:
564:
459:
3193:
2284:
486:
settlement. They protect the eyes from the bright light during the Arctic summer
4159:
4149:
3849:
3809:
3775:
3744:
3737:
3675:
3601:
3578:
3507:
3444:
3419:
3170:
3050:
2938:
2726:
2700:
2695:
2270:
2227:
2063:
1056:
904:
804:
690:
646:
614:
579:
329:
2297:
2103:
2088:
1910:
1763:
1695:
1515:
1101:
4265:
4184:
4135:
4021:
3982:
3977:
3933:
3822:
3757:
3752:
3730:
3705:
3685:
3568:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3439:
3354:
3347:
3333:
3155:
3136:
3131:
3118:
3008:
3001:
2876:
2767:
2736:
2526:
2511:
2200:
2072:
1713:
1523:
1258:
1158:
1065:
745:
740:
598:
519:
337:
274:
189:
181:
2080:
2033:
531:
438:. However, in their own language, the Avam Nganasans refer to themselves as
4235:
3972:
3558:
3479:
3429:
3404:
3275:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3126:
3070:
2974:
2961:
2896:
2808:
2803:
2789:
2638:
2516:
2483:
2465:
2423:
2210:
2195:
1781:
1721:
1653:
1592:
1541:
1481:
1083:
928:
924:
720:
618:
606:
594:
591:
511:
479:
435:
344:. Beginning in the early 17th century, the Nganasans were subjected to the
185:
2561:
2312:
2302:
2038:
Studies in Siberian Shamanism and Religions of the Ugric-Samoyedic Peoples
1839:
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581–1990
637:, an animal that does not inhabit the tundra where the Nganasan now live.
4225:
4215:
4154:
4071:
3893:
3789:
3647:
3484:
3424:
3340:
3280:
3265:
3160:
2903:
2813:
2705:
2610:
2350:
2342:
2205:
568:
515:
4292:
Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
2488:
2332:
2327:
1815:
1704:
1461:
366:
counted 862 Nganasans living in Russia, 766 of whom lived in the former
4094:
4027:
4001:
3987:
3782:
3680:
3621:
3314:
3270:
3090:
3080:
2795:
2741:
2475:
2452:
2428:
1859:
The Evolution of Human Societies: From Foraging Group to Agrarian State
1802:(1963). "The Nganasan: wild reindeer hunters of the Taimyr Peninsula".
915:
in 20,000–25,000 years BP and spread to Northern Eurasia, through
758:
681:
The Nganasan had little direct contact with merchants and, unlike most
556:
483:
302:
1670:"The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene"
378:
were the only languages spoken among the Nganasan, but with increased
4230:
4060:
4035:
3914:
3768:
3631:
3596:
3303:
3188:
3142:
2994:
2890:
2882:
2756:
2751:
2651:
2623:
2493:
2440:
2403:
2395:
2235:
2222:
2217:
2173:
2166:
1606:
Shi, H.; Qi, X.; Zhong, H.; Peng, Y.; Zhang, X.; et al. (2013).
1210:
828:
808:
800:
626:
583:
527:
379:
165:
538:
up to 400 miles to the north, sometimes even reaching as far as the
4055:
3864:
3670:
3550:
3543:
3298:
3250:
3232:
3203:
3105:
3075:
2917:
2911:
2855:
2711:
2681:
2671:
2644:
2630:
2616:
2531:
2415:
2371:
2252:
2241:
1612:
1573:
942:
736:
702:
662:
535:
391:
298:
2183:
1494:
4210:
4189:
4109:
4050:
4006:
3532:
3500:
3494:
3399:
3381:
3376:
3208:
3100:
3065:
3060:
3055:
2969:
2861:
2774:
2746:
2676:
2666:
2658:
2435:
2387:
2381:
2246:
916:
824:
787:
730:
723:
around in the 1930s, when the government instituted a program of
694:
686:
674:
642:
587:
560:
523:
491:
387:
353:
333:
322:
318:
286:
161:
130:
1993:
4164:
4065:
4040:
3700:
3695:
3537:
3522:
3226:
3095:
3085:
3045:
3016:
2979:
2955:
2947:
2868:
2784:
2761:
2718:
2536:
2460:
2376:
2317:
836:
792:
650:
499:
451:
447:
356:
83:
16:
Samoyedic ethnic group of the Taymyr Peninsula in north Siberia
2040:. Folk Belief and Media Group of the Estonian Literary Museum.
1948:
People and the Land: Pathways to Reform in Post Soviet Siberia
1823:
Dolgikh, B. O. (1962). "On the Origin of the Nganasans".
578:
migrated to the Taymyr Peninsula from the south, encountering
3836:
3796:
3724:
3716:
3409:
3322:
3308:
3240:
3198:
3111:
2687:
2190:
2178:
932:
912:
831:. Their religion is a particularly well-preserved example of
634:
630:
347:
1986:"Nganasan shamanistic tradition: observation and hypotheses"
1028:
4220:
2262:
1666:
1163:
http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html#Nganasan
666:
434:, and referred to both themselves and the neighboring Madu
229:
214:
211:
633:(fur tribute) payments by the Nganasan which were made in
38:
1554:
1215:
1213:
907:
of the Nganasans and most other Uralic-speakers is Y-DNA
698:
235:
223:
220:
1882:
The Nganasan: The Material Culture of the Tavgi Samoyeds
1498:"The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia"
839:
were recorded on film by anthropologists in the 1970s.
490:
The Nganasans are the northernmost ethnic group of the
811:, allowing the Nganasans to achieve a relatively high
2147:
247:
238:
232:
226:
1745:
1463:
Uráli népek: Nyelvrokonaink kultúrája és hagyományai
751:
Despite collectivization and the institution of the
739:
hunters, were forced to expand their small stock of
410:
Nganasan traditional performers, the folklore group
317:, with smaller populations residing in the towns of
1345:"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire"
466:, the Nganasans adopted their current appellation.
217:
2021:The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
2004:Northern Minority Languages: Problems of Survival
1241:The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society
4263:
1961:"Changing gender roles and economies in Taimyr"
948:In another genetic study in 2019, published in
719:The Nganasans first came into contact with the
1605:
799:provided the Nganasan settlements with wages,
418:The Nganasans first referred to themselves in
297:. They reside primarily in the settlements of
265:
256:
2577:
2133:
2109:
2094:
1857:Johnson, Allen W.; Earle, Timothy K. (2000).
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
823:The traditional religion of the Nganasans is
778:
772:
766:
752:
728:
446:which means 'brother', but also includes the
345:
2034:"The Nganasan Shamans from Kosterkin family"
1930:. Vol. 19. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group.
1856:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1225:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1024:
1022:
1000:
998:
2591:
661:The Nganasans first came into contact with
534:, and during the summer they followed wild
2584:
2570:
2140:
2126:
1399:
37:
2062:
1771:
1703:
1643:
1633:
1582:
1572:
1531:
1423:
1167:
1073:
1055:
1019:
995:
2000:
1231:
1098:"Центральная База Статистических Данных"
894:
656:
473:
405:
2047:"The Incantations of Tubyaku Kosterkin"
2044:
1835:
1822:
1381:
1369:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1204:
1192:
295:indigenous peoples of the Russian North
4264:
1561:The American Journal of Human Genetics
394:. The Nganasan language is considered
2565:
2121:
2014:
1958:
1944:
1925:
1892:
1879:
1798:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1432:
1405:
1393:
1331:
1219:
1180:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1114:
964:Siberian minorities in the Soviet era
715:Siberian minorities in the Soviet era
1983:
1234:"Proto-Uralic—what, where and when?"
414:('Northern Lights') in Finland, 2018
293:, they are recognized as one of the
70:Regions with significant populations
2031:
2015:Kolga, Margus; et al. (1993).
1466:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Corvina.
430:, which means 'real people' in the
311:Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
13:
1965:Anthropology of East Europe Review
1450:
14:
4308:
1977:
1928:Research in Economic Anthropology
1895:"Taimyr Pidgin Russian (Govorka)"
590:rivers, forming a group that the
1825:Studies in Siberian Ethnogenesis
207:
123:
105:
90:
76:
62:
61:
2045:Lintrop, Aado (December 1996).
1791:
1739:
1660:
1599:
1548:
1488:
1438:
1411:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1198:
1186:
1152:
708:
2732:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
2051:Electronic Journal of Folklore
1842:. Cambridge University Press.
1503:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1141:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1090:
1010:
976:
927:, found with low frequency in
875:in Russian; from the ethnonym
748:began to study their customs.
705:outbreaks among the Ngansans.
498:, historically inhabiting the
1:
4282:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
2087:Trailer for the Russian film
989:
55:
1635:10.1371/journal.pone.0066102
605:migrated to the region near
469:
401:
7:
1829:University of Toronto Press
1239:. In Jussi Ylikoski (ed.).
957:
890:
883:
871:
859:
842:
818:
779:
773:
767:
753:
729:
346:
10:
4313:
2081:"Nganasan Clean Tent Rite"
2064:10.7592/FEJF1996.02.tubinc
1880:Popov, A. A. (1966).
1418:Johnson & Earle (2000)
1057:10.1038/s41467-018-07483-5
777:employment to working for
712:
550:
545:
266:
257:
4203:
4128:
3614:
3587:
3390:
3289:
3217:
3179:
3036:
3025:
2599:
2502:
2474:
2451:
2414:
2341:
2283:
2156:
2110:
2095:
1954:. Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
1911:10.1007/s11185-005-8376-3
1863:Stanford University Press
1764:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.026
1696:10.1038/s41586-019-1279-z
1516:10.1038/s41559-019-0878-2
877:
865:
853:
815:by the end of the 1980s.
180:
175:
160:
155:
144:
139:
121:
74:
69:
53:
48:
36:
29:
4277:Ethnic groups in Siberia
969:
563:river drainage areas of
382:and village settlement,
4272:Ethnic groups in Russia
2593:Ethnic groups in Russia
1836:Forsyth, James (1994).
1232:Janhunen, Juha (2009).
368:Taymyr Autonomous Okrug
2105:Taboo: The Last Shaman
1893:Stern, Dieter (2005).
900:
797:Soviet planned economy
514:in the east, and from
487:
415:
2027:on 26 September 2011.
1758:(10): 1701–1711.e16.
1460:Hajdú, Péter (1975).
1036:Nature Communications
951:Nature Communications
898:
657:Contact with Russians
477:
409:
376:Taymyr Pidgin Russian
336:, in contrast to the
176:Related ethnic groups
170:Orthodox Christianity
4129:Unrecognized peoples
3615:Other ethnic peoples
2925:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
2111:Табу Последний Шаман
2102:Russian documentary
1996:on 19 December 2008.
1959:Ziker, John (2010).
1351:on 26 September 2011
872:tavgiysko-samoyedsky
866:тавгийско-самоедский
683:indigenous Siberians
518:in the north to the
396:seriously endangered
4204:Assimilated peoples
2820:Meadow-Eastern Mari
1899:Russian Linguistics
1804:Arctic Anthropology
1688:2019Natur.570..182S
1626:2013PLoSO...866102S
1048:2018NatCo...9.5018L
903:The characteristic
530:at the edge of the
510:in the west to the
364:2002 Russian census
26:
4251:Siberian Bukharans
3410:Aukhovite Chechens
3362:Siberian Bukharans
2688:Aukhovite Chechens
1984:Helimski, Eugene.
1886:Indiana University
1420:, pp. 118–119
1372:, pp. 177–178
1286:, pp. 291–292
1274:, pp. 290–292
901:
833:Siberian shamanism
813:standard of living
685:, they were never
540:Byrranga Mountains
496:Russian Federation
494:continent and the
488:
464:Russian Revolution
416:
390:majority, such as
291:Russian Federation
31:ӈәнә"са (нә"), ня"
24:
4287:Samoyedic peoples
4259:
4258:
3888:
3886:Astrakhan Kazakhs
3610:
3609:
3369:Zabolotnie Tatars
2848:Northwestern Mari
2559:
2558:
2362:Northwestern Mari
2148:Peoples speaking
1937:978-0-7623-0446-2
1800:Chard, Chester S.
1682:(7760): 182–188.
1473:978-963-13-0900-3
1250:978-952-5667-11-0
1104:on 12 April 2008.
851:(formerly called
849:Nganasan language
623:Samoyedic dialect
576:Samoyedic peoples
432:Nganasan language
372:Nganasan language
199:
198:
146:Nganasan language
4304:
4175:Crimean Italians
4144:
4074:
4030:
3996:
3963:Meskhetian Turks
3947:
3928:
3909:
3907:Sakhalin Koreans
3902:
3884:
3839:
3825:
3818:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3719:
3691:Crimean Karaites
3650:
3553:
3546:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3317:
3235:
3145:
3121:
3114:
3034:
3033:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2988:Astrakhan Tatars
2983:
2964:
2950:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2906:
2899:
2885:
2871:
2864:
2850:
2843:
2842:
2829:
2828:
2798:
2777:
2770:
2721:
2714:
2690:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2551:
2150:Uralic languages
2142:
2135:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2098:
2097:
2090:People of Taimyr
2084:
2076:
2066:
2041:
2028:
2023:. Archived from
2011:
2009:
1997:
1992:. Archived from
1972:
1955:
1953:
1941:
1922:
1889:
1876:
1861:(2nd ed.).
1853:
1832:
1819:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1707:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1347:. Archived from
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1100:. Archived from
1094:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1059:
1026:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1002:
983:
980:
886:
880:
879:
874:
868:
867:
862:
856:
855:
785:
776:
770:
756:
734:
725:collectivization
532:Arctic tree line
504:Taymyr Peninsula
462:. Following the
351:
315:Krasnoyarsk Krai
283:Taymyr Peninsula
279:Samoyedic branch
269:
268:
260:
259:
251:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
150:Russian language
129:
127:
126:
111:
109:
108:
98:Krasnoyarsk Krai
96:
94:
93:
82:
80:
79:
65:
64:
57:
49:Total population
41:
27:
23:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4199:
4170:Caucasus Greeks
4142:Afro-Abkhazians
4140:
4124:
4070:
4026:
3994:Kola Norwegians
3992:
3943:
3924:
3905:
3898:
3835:
3821:
3814:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3715:
3646:
3606:
3583:
3549:
3542:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3386:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3328:Siberian Tatars
3313:
3285:
3231:
3213:
3175:
3141:
3117:
3110:
3028:
3021:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2960:
2946:
2937:
2932:Baikal Cossacks
2930:
2923:
2916:
2902:
2895:
2881:
2867:
2860:
2846:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2818:
2794:
2773:
2766:
2717:
2710:
2686:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2560:
2555:
2545:
2498:
2470:
2447:
2410:
2337:
2279:
2152:
2146:
2079:
2032:Lintrop, Aado.
2007:
1980:
1975:
1951:
1938:
1884:. Bloomington:
1873:
1850:
1794:
1789:
1752:Current Biology
1744:
1740:
1665:
1661:
1604:
1600:
1553:
1549:
1493:
1489:
1474:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1003:
996:
992:
987:
986:
981:
977:
972:
960:
921:Northern Europe
893:
845:
821:
717:
711:
659:
603:Tungusic people
565:Central Siberia
553:
548:
508:Golchikha River
472:
460:Nenets language
428:ngano-nganasana
404:
342:herded reindeer
249:
210:
206:
124:
122:
106:
104:
91:
89:
77:
75:
44:
43:Nganasans, 1927
32:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4310:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:Astrakhan Jews
4157:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:Siberian Finns
3741:
3738:Murmansk Finns
3734:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3602:Tver Karelians
3599:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3504:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:Kuban Cossacks
2935:
2928:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2830:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2727:Crimean Tatars
2724:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2271:Volkhov Chudes
2259:
2258:
2257:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:Tver Karelians
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2114:), via YouTube
2100:
2099:), via YouTube
2085:
2077:
2042:
2029:
2012:
1998:
1979:
1978:External links
1976:
1974:
1973:
1956:
1942:
1936:
1923:
1905:(3): 289–318.
1890:
1877:
1871:
1854:
1848:
1833:
1820:
1810:(2): 105–121.
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1738:
1659:
1598:
1574:10.1086/383203
1567:(4): 661–682.
1547:
1510:(6): 966–976.
1487:
1472:
1449:
1437:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1382:Dolgikh (1962)
1374:
1370:Forsyth (1994)
1362:
1336:
1324:
1320:Dolgikh (1962)
1312:
1308:Dolgikh (1962)
1300:
1296:Dolgikh (1962)
1288:
1284:Dolgikh (1962)
1276:
1272:Dolgikh (1962)
1264:
1249:
1224:
1209:
1205:Dolgikh (1962)
1197:
1193:Dolgikh (1962)
1185:
1166:
1159:Janhunen, Juha
1151:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1089:
1018:
1009:
993:
991:
988:
985:
984:
974:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
959:
956:
909:haplogroup N1c
905:genetic marker
892:
889:
844:
841:
820:
817:
805:consumer goods
710:
707:
658:
655:
580:Paleo-Siberian
552:
549:
547:
544:
471:
468:
403:
400:
330:Paleo-Siberian
281:native to the
197:
196:
194:Uralic peoples
178:
177:
173:
172:
158:
157:
153:
152:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
119:
118:
115:
102:
101:
72:
71:
67:
66:
51:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
30:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4309:
4298:
4297:Modern nomads
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:Pontic Greeks
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Mountain Jews
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3900:North Koreans
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3823:Volga Germans
3820:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Georgian Jews
3803:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3731:Ingrian Finns
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Bukharan Jews
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3649:
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3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:Kalmak Tatars
3352:
3349:
3348:Eushta Tatars
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:Baraba Tatars
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
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3059:
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3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:Mishar Tatars
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2959:
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2875:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2834:Mountain Mari
2831:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2793:
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2788:
2786:
2783:
2776:
2772:
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2649:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2603:nationalities
2598:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
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2413:
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2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Southern Sámi
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:Northern Sámi
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Ingrian Finns
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1971:(2): 102–119.
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:Publications.
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1872:9780804740326
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1849:9780521477710
1845:
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1668:(June 2019).
1663:
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1623:
1620:(6): e66102.
1619:
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1469:
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1464:
1456:
1454:
1447:, p. 195
1446:
1441:
1435:, p. 209
1434:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1408:, p. 208
1407:
1402:
1396:, p. 113
1395:
1390:
1384:, p. 248
1383:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1334:, p. 293
1333:
1328:
1322:, p. 247
1321:
1316:
1310:, p. 245
1309:
1304:
1298:, p. 244
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1222:, p. 290
1221:
1216:
1214:
1207:, p. 230
1206:
1201:
1195:, p. 226
1194:
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802:
798:
794:
789:
784:
782:
775:
769:
764:
760:
755:
749:
747:
746:ethnographers
742:
738:
733:
732:
726:
722:
716:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
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664:
654:
652:
648:
644:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:Pyasina River
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:Dudypta River
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
481:
476:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
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437:
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429:
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408:
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389:
385:
381:
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369:
365:
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335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Uralic people
272:
263:
254:
253:
243:
204:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
151:
147:
143:
138:
134:
132:
120:
116:
114:
99:
88:
87:
85:
73:
68:
59:
52:
47:
40:
35:
28:
19:
3973:Montenegrins
3661:Azerbaijanis
3490:Azerbaijanis
3150:
2975:Volga Tatars
2962:Tozhu Tuvans
2804:Komi-Permyak
2521:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2366:Eastern Mari
2269:
2261:
2251:
2234:
2211:Tornedalians
2196:Forest Finns
2165:
2158:Baltic Finns
2104:
2096:ЛЮДИ ТАЙМЫРА
2089:
2054:
2050:
2037:
2025:the original
2020:
2003:
1994:the original
1989:
1968:
1964:
1947:
1927:
1902:
1898:
1881:
1858:
1838:
1824:
1807:
1803:
1792:Bibliography
1755:
1751:
1741:
1733:
1705:1887/3198847
1679:
1673:
1662:
1617:
1611:
1601:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1507:
1501:
1490:
1462:
1445:Ziker (1998)
1440:
1433:Ziker (2002)
1413:
1406:Ziker (2002)
1401:
1394:Chard (1963)
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:the original
1339:
1332:Stern (2005)
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1240:
1227:
1220:Stern (2005)
1200:
1188:
1183:, p. 11
1181:Popov (1966)
1154:
1148:Stern (2005)
1143:
1137:Ziker (2010)
1132:
1126:Ziker (2002)
1121:
1115:Ziker (1998)
1110:
1102:the original
1092:
1039:
1035:
1012:
978:
949:
947:
940:
937:
925:haplogroup Z
902:
846:
822:
793:seamstresses
750:
741:domesticated
718:
709:Soviet Union
680:
660:
639:
607:Lake Pyasino
595:ethnographer
573:
554:
512:Khatanga Bay
489:
480:snow goggles
455:
443:
439:
427:
423:
417:
411:
361:
327:
270:
262:ŋənəhsa(nəh)
261:
258:ӈәнә"са(нә")
255:; Nganasan:
202:
200:
54:
21:Ethnic group
18:
4155:Armeno-Tats
4072:Ural Swedes
3958:Macedonians
3953:Lithuanians
3790:Mingrelians
3666:Belarusians
3648:Cherkesogai
3511: [
3341:Chat Tatars
2837: [
2823: [
2546: [
2355:Meadow Mari
2343:Volga Finns
2298:Kildin Sámi
2017:"Nganasans"
1042:(1): 5018.
1007:(Ukrainian)
829:shamanistic
781:gospromkhoz
765:. Nganasan
629:that lists
569:Lake Baikal
516:Lake Taymyr
482:, from the
4266:Categories
4115:Vietnamese
4100:Ukrainians
4028:Ruska Roma
4002:Pakistanis
3988:Norwegians
3945:Latgalians
3855:Hungarians
3816:Mennonites
3681:Bulgarians
3564:Tabasarans
3081:Kamchadals
3027:Indigenous
2796:Izhma Komi
2742:Kabardians
2476:Hungarians
2453:Ob-Ugrians
2429:Izhma Komi
2318:Skolt Sámi
2293:Inari Sámi
1355:19 January
990:References
854:тавгийский
759:Volochanka
713:See also:
611:Avam River
484:Volochanka
352:system of
303:Volochanka
117:834 (2002)
4246:Pumpokols
4241:Meshchera
4061:Spaniards
4036:Romanians
3968:Moldovans
3915:Krymchaks
3850:Hamshenis
3769:Adjarians
3763:Georgians
3711:Estonians
3656:Assyrians
3642:Armenians
3632:Americans
3597:Besermyan
3508:Kubachins
3450:Chamalals
3435:Bagvalals
3304:Kumandins
3233:Hamnigans
3189:Izhorians
3181:Northwest
3151:Nganasans
3143:Khandeyar
3038:Far North
3009:Nağaybäks
2995:Kryashens
2891:Ossetians
2883:Khandeyar
2757:Karelians
2752:Karachays
2652:Telengits
2624:Natukhajs
2522:Nganasans
2494:Magyarabs
2441:Besermans
2396:Meshchera
2358:Hill Mari
2313:Pite Sámi
2303:Lule Sámi
2236:Livonians
2223:Karelians
2218:Izhorians
2174:Estonians
2167:Bjarmians
2073:1406-0949
1919:170580775
1730:174809069
1714:1476-4687
1524:2397-334X
1259:0355-0230
1066:2041-1723
860:tavgiysky
825:animistic
809:education
801:machinery
783:Taymirsky
651:eponymous
627:Mangazeya
528:peninsula
478:Nganasan
470:Geography
440:nya-tansa
402:Etymology
380:education
325:as well.
289:. In the
285:in north
203:Nganasans
166:Shamanism
140:Languages
135:44 (2001)
4195:Sireniki
4136:Africans
4085:Turkmens
4056:Slovenes
4012:Persians
3939:Latvians
3870:Japanese
3865:Italians
3671:Bosniaks
3579:Tsakhurs
3551:Karagash
3544:Ak Nogai
3475:Khwarshi
3455:Godoberi
3445:Botlikhs
3420:Akhvakhs
3392:Dagestan
3382:Tofalars
3299:Kamasins
3251:Negidals
3219:Far East
3204:Vepsians
3166:Yukaghir
3106:Alyutors
3076:Itelmens
3051:Chukchis
2918:Cossacks
2912:Russians
2856:Mordvins
2712:Besleney
2706:Cherkess
2682:Chechens
2672:Bashkirs
2659:Tubalars
2645:Chelkans
2639:Altaians
2631:Shapsugs
2617:Bzhedugs
2532:Kamasins
2504:Samoyeds
2489:Székelys
2416:Permians
2372:Mordvins
2333:Ume Sámi
2328:Ter Sámi
2253:Kreevins
2242:Vepsians
2057:: 9–28.
1816:40315565
1782:31080083
1722:31168093
1654:23840409
1613:PLoS One
1593:15024688
1542:31036896
1084:30479341
958:See also
943:Iron Age
891:Genetics
843:Language
819:Religion
737:reindeer
703:smallpox
687:baptized
663:Russians
615:Khatanga
609:and the
567:or near
536:reindeer
492:Eurasian
424:Samoyeds
412:Dentedie
392:Ust-Avam
299:Ust-Avam
273:) are a
192:, other
156:Religion
113:Taymyria
25:Nganasan
4211:Agrzhan
4190:Qaratay
4180:Korlaks
4120:Yazidis
4110:Uyghurs
4051:Slovaks
4007:Pamiris
3926:Kurmanj
3894:Koreans
3880:Kazakhs
3860:Indians
3810:Germans
3776:Ingiloy
3706:Dungans
3676:Britons
3627:Afghans
3533:Lezgins
3501:Kaitags
3495:Dargins
3470:Karatas
3465:Hunzibs
3460:Hinukhs
3440:Bezhtas
3400:Abazins
3377:Teleuts
3291:Siberia
3209:Votians
3156:Selkups
3101:Koryaks
3066:Dolgans
3061:Chuvans
3056:Chulyms
3029:peoples
2970:Udmurts
2862:Mokshas
2775:Abugach
2768:Koibals
2747:Kalmyks
2701:Chuvash
2696:Chukchi
2677:Buryats
2667:Balkars
2601:Titular
2527:Selkups
2484:Csángós
2436:Udmurts
2388:Meryans
2382:Mokshas
1773:6544527
1684:Bibcode
1645:3688714
1622:Bibcode
1584:1181943
1533:6542712
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60:(2002)
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