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critical role to the state. However, one might also see Võ Văn Kiệt as the southerner reformer who placed himself to critics of central government policies in the South by supporting innovative economic schemes. Linh could also be seen as a third group of leaders who were similar in age to the second generation leaders (but joined earlier and hence promoted earlier to where they were). While Linh was widely trumpeted as an economic reformer, he was actually as capable as anyone in tightening the screw of politics. This provided another perspective as to how capable and important Linh was. In addition, Võ Văn Kiệt had also been well recognized as a champion of
Vietnam reforms even when he lacked formal western training and should not be considered young even by a more relaxed standards of East Asian countries.
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by understanding the economics of business. Võ Văn Kiệt’s actions led others to consider him as a key architect of the market revolution since its inception. In considering the narratives of both persons, it is important to note that that Võ Văn Kiệt and his allies might have used ideologies, whether called socialist or market as practical tools to advance their own strategic objectives and power. An objective way to weigh perspectives would be to understand that these members also ultimately wanted power to their advantage and this added another dimension in analysing how one worked towards contributing along with his true agenda balanced. Apart from these it is also important to know how sources might not always give us the full story.
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reforms. He suggested that Linh's position and foresight was that economic reforms should be done gradually and steadily without causing political instability or creating opportunities for negative elements to create trouble. Linh also allowed flexibility and local initiative for issues of parallel political and economic renovation which sheds light for scholars to compare Linh's style and contributions to other key leaders in the current narrative. Linh also could be seen to have also got to where he was with self promotion more than what he was able to do. This opens up avenues for us to question and consider if any other contenders then might actually be equally important in the grand scheme of
Vietnam's
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mechanism, he introduced new ideas, new concepts, and new ways of doing things. He abolished what
Southerners often called "blocking the river and banning the market", completely eliminating the power and abuse of a few corrupt state-owned or state-owned traders at that time. Resolutely set an example against bureaucratic behavior, distancing from the people, and giving up special privileges. He abandoned the regime of high-ranking leaders flying domestically and going on business trips by Lada car without air conditioning (standard for Deputy Minister level); From the South to the North, take a plane with everyone; cutting down on security protection,...
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was game in taking an unprecedented method in setting up two key independent specialist expert groups to conduct research and studies on the matter. He was adept in using the advice from both groups and combined the best ideas to develop an ordinance on the banking sector, to his credit, he later also created a department responsible for mobilizing intellectual resources from the former regime in the South. All of these contributions reflect his forward looking attitudes and areas which would later become important contribution towards
Vietnam's successful ongoing reform process.
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994:. Some might contend that Linh achieved some initial and limited success in making the party responsive to the altered political playing field and could not push past the conservative majority and his own political beliefs to welcome true change in the Vietnamese political landscape. This view carries quite a generic stance on Linh amongst the scholarship published and if Linh truly had been a conservative the above categories would then be problematic in accessing his true legacy and contributions. Scholarship in some parts also acknowledges that
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in an envelope saying it was from an elderly person driving a Lada car. milk color sent to the editorial board. Although there was no express stamp, because the envelope was from the
Central Office, I opened it immediately. In the envelope were letters and a handwritten article. The letter was signed Nguyen Van Linh, clearly stating that he sent the article and if the editorial board saw it, he would publish it. The article has the title "Things to do immediately", signed NVL.
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but allowing the party to change its mind to slowly come to a new consensus. Võ Văn Kiệt had also implicitly approved using the economic model of North
Vietnam across the nation but later found problems with the growth model from his experiences in Ho Chi Minh city, driving him towards the key leaders in “fence breaking” experiments in the lead up towards the
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1029:, Vietnam slowly transformed into a market economy which brought success to the reform. These were key evidences towards the assessments of the Nguyen Van Linh narrative in considering his contributions in the renovation, modernisation and industrialization of Vietnam which made him a responsible contributor.
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706:’s economy has gradually developed. After only 1 year, the inflation rate of 774% decreased to only 323.1% and then continued to decrease to only 34.7%. He also promoted diplomatic relations with other countries with the motto "Vietnam wants to be friends with countries around the world". Thanks to that,
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While Linh publicly took an even stronger position in favor of a grassroots movement "to help the party correct, rectify, and overcome its shortcomings in the earlier years, some might consider that it was Võ Văn Kiệt who opined in 1995 that businessmen should be encouraged to succeed for the economy
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Võ Văn Kiệt had supported the authorization of establishing credit cooperatives, foreign bank branches and the join stocks bank to separate budgetary functions away from central bank functions in reforming the economy a key step which cannot be ignored. Being the first deputy Prime
Minister then, he
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In another perspective, Võ Văn Kiệt could perhaps also be seen as being one of the key respected leaders had tried to work with numerous directors of nationally owned enterprises in hopes to promote better reforms in a larger scale without subverting party hierarchies by not uprooting the leadership
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Historians are also able to consider if it was a handover and collaborative effort where the right people were at the right place to reform
Vietnam at the same time challenges the main narrative of Nguyễn Văn Linh's contributions to consider the role of leaders greatly provided insight towards this
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by restructuring the economy nationwide, working on investment and allocation of financial resources to increase efficiency and effectiveness of policies and the economy. Linh’s activeness in key military and key diplomatic activities as efficient in improving the standing of
Vietnam and aiding his
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Under Linh, effort was made to make the party more responsible and accountable for policies and personnel choices which was a strong factor in the success of economic reform. Stern suggested that it was Nguyễn Văn Linh himself who was most important in the biggest part to play in
Vietnam's economic
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to take more importance in decision process where competing views of economic policies and fundamental political issues were discussed. Stern argued this was possible, in large part due to Linh's open, flexible, innovative and unconventional mode of operation within the Vietnamese bureaucracy which
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From 1986 to 1991, during his term as General Secretary, Nguyễn Văn Linh made a decisive contribution to turning the situation around, paving the way for the new guava cause to move forward. In order to overcome the inadequacies and backwardness of Vietnam's centralized, bureaucratic and subsidized
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At that time I worked at Nhan Dan newspaper. The evening of May 24, 1987 was my turn to be on duty at the editorial board. At around 5:30 p.m., when everyone had gone home, there was only me and the secretariat left in the editorial office that day. The comrade on duty at gate 71 Hang Trong brought
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on 18 December 1986. He is one of the Party leaders who initiated the reform policy, eliminating the centralized bureaucratic subsidy mechanism, shifting to a multi-sector economy, operating according to the market mechanism with State management. In 1987, he spoke and wrote many important articles
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and then series of letters to the country's newspapers, Linh eventually renounced the effects of his own policies, accusing foreign investors of exploiting his native country and harming socialism. He attacked the growing gap between the rich and the poor and accused American companies of dumping
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research. In making an objective analysis of Linh, it seemed apparent that application of postmodernism analysis in historical figures along with critical interpretation and objectivity based on the context and how knowledge of history has unfolded or evolved allows us to get a clearer picture.
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Linh died of liver cancer on 27 April 1998, in Ho Chi Minh City just 3 days before the 23rd anniversary of the liberation of the South, he was 82 years old. His state funeral was held on April 29, 1998 and he lied in state at Thong Nhat Hall, Ho Chi Minh City. In the eulogy of the Party Central
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Linh had also been described as “having earned a reputation as a reformer” during Linh's time as party secretary of Ho Chi Minh city after 1975. Linh penned articles to give weight to reform experiments where experimentation of policies was allowed before such practices were sanctioned in his
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Nguyễn Văn Linh could also be seen as the nominal brains of Đổi Mới but was publicly horrified by his results of his own inspirations. He was also at one point especially hostile toward Võ Văn Kiệt by publicly accusing Võ Văn Kiệt of corruption even when they had once been close allies.
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In the mid-1980s the Vietnamese economy experienced crisis, making a more liberal, market-based economy more of a sensible option to many politicians. This led to Linh's being re-instated in the Politburo in 1985 (and Permanent Secretariat 1986), under the direction of General Secretary
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decision making process during the reforms. He was also responsible for economic reform successes and not the same reasons Linh himself had claimed, thereby creating "another method” in considering Linh's contributions and legacy. As the policies of Nguyen Van Linh were adopted at the
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regime. However, as far as domestic policy is concerned, Linh felt there was little need for change. "It is not objectively necessary to establish a political mechanism of pluralism and multiparty government," he stated, while always referring to Western-style democratic systems as
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The harsh realities and economic crisis were both not necessary or sufficient conditions for the reform fully take place but it was the entrepreneurial process which saw structural changes and later kicked off innovation in Vietnam. While Linh had contributed to the process of
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Nguyễn Văn Linh had charted the evolution of the reforms of the party organization. Scholars argue that Linh's contributions and importance in reform gave a very detailed and clear analysis of his program to reform the Vietnam communist party within the wider context of
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bourgeois democracies". He criticised the old communist policies, blaming them on corrupt leaders. Thus, Linh's policies were the constant target of criticism from the more conservative elements in the Communist Party. Linh stepped down as party leader in 1991 at the
678:, a province in the North, but more than half of his life was associated with the South. He was arrested and imprisoned many times by the French colonialists. After 1945, Linh was assigned by the Party Committee to return to Saigon to lead two resistance wars against
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goods on the country rather than helping it with investments and technology. He then wrote a regular newspaper column called "Things That Must Be Done Immediately" attacking corruption and incompetence among the Vietnamese political elite.
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clarifying his views on innovation, especially the issues he raised under the title "Things to be done immediately" under the pen name N.V.L (which means "Nói và làm” or “Nhảy vào lửa”) to create positive changes in social life
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commented that Linh is a dedicated, innovative, creative leader who tries his best to contribute to the Party. State and serving the people. After the national funeral, in the afternoon of this day he was buried at the
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draft political report and even being made party general secretary the following year. Immediately, he started reforming Vietnam's economy. He was elected General Secretary in the immediate aftermath of the
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as one of the important key proponents of the reform programme. In this aspect we have to calibrate our understanding to consider Võ Văn Kiệt’s contributions with both perspectives included.
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in 1995. He left the position of General Secretary on 28 June 1991 and then became the late Secretary of the Central Executive Committee until his retirement on 29 December 1997.
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normalizing diplomatic relations between the two countries after over 10 years of tension, becoming the first Vietnamese leader to do so since the 1979
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641:; 1 July 1915 – 27 April 1998) was a South Vietnamese revolutionary and politician. Nguyễn Văn Linh was the general secretary of the
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863:("Say and Do"). He wrote a series of articles "Things to be done immediately", signed NVL. According to journalist Hữu Thọ:
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against South Vietnam. This surprise attack throughout most South Vietnamese towns and cities was a turning point of the
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He was Advisor of the Party's Central Committee from 1991 to December 1997. Starting with a surprising speech at the
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Renovating the Vietnamese Communist Party: Nguyen Van Linh and the Programme for Organizational Reform, 1987-91
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in English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the
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ensued. Meanwhile, Linh rose in the party hierarchy becoming a member of the Central Committee in 1960.
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on 1 July 1915. His original name was Nguyễn Văn Cúc, he would later adopt Nguyễn Văn Linh as his
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Vuong, Quan Hoang; Dam, Van Nhue; Van Houtte, Daniel & Tran, Tri Dung (December 2011).
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In the late of May 1987, on the front page of Nhan Dan newspaper appeared a new pseudonym
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Naughton, B. (1996). Distinctive features of economic reform in China and Vietnam.
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showed Linh's importance in how he managed politics to contribute towards reform.
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Shenon, Philip: "Nguyễn Văn Linh, Vietnam's Ex-Party Chief, Dies at 82.".
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Crossette, Barbara: "Vietnamese Chief Building Political Base in South".
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and disbanded agricultural collectives. This change in policy was dubbed
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and Western countries and established diplomatic relations with
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Reforming Asian socialism: The growth of market institutions
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Cố Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Văn Linh: "Nhổ cỏ dại lúa mới mọc lên"
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may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
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1273:"Nguyen Van Linh, Vietnam's Ex-Party Chief, Dies at 82"
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7th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
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North Vietnamese military personnel of the Vietnam War
1214:"Nguyễn Văn Linh to retire as party chief next year".
661:. As such, Linh was often touted as the "Vietnamese
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
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Vietnamese revolutionary and politician (1915–1998)
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1015:Another method of analysing Linh's contributions
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645:from 1986 to 1991 and a political leader of the
1790:National Political Publishing House – The Truth
1327:Making Difficult Choices, Vietnam in Transition
1141:The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
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907:secretly visited China and met Chinese leader
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505:People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam
1176:. Sacramento, CA: Vietnews, 2006.Trang 404.
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1064:Stowe, Judy: "Obituary: Nguyễn Văn Linh".
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726:thereby promoting the process of bringing
665:" after the Soviet leader, who introduced
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233:Learn how and when to remove this message
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1770:Commission for Information and Education
355:21 June 1986 – 18 December 1986
313:18 December 1986 – 28 June 1991
1372:, a 1988 collection of his speeches in
1220:"Vietnamese leader Linh hospitalised".
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1174:Đông Âu tại Việt Nam
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95:improve this article
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2436:Ho Chi Minh Thought
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1942:Leadership sittings
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1224:. 29 November 1989.
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2385:Wider organisation
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2033:13th: 2021–present
1278:The New York Times
1196:"Like Ceausescu".
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16:(Redirected from
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1955:
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1945:
1857:
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1661:(Apr.–Jul. 2001)
1653:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
1613:(June–Dec. 1986)
1587:Nguyễn Duy Trinh
1579:Permanent Member
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1534:(Jul.–Dec. 1986)
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2018:10th: 2006–11
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840:market prices
837:
833:
828:
812:
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802:
798:
794:
790:
789:Tet Offensive
786:
785:North Vietnam
782:
781:South Vietnam
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:
749:nom de guerre
745:
735:
733:
729:
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724:United States
721:
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2401:Constitution
2394:Other organs
2333:9th: 2001–06
2328:8th: 1996–01
2323:7th: 1991–96
2318:6th: 1986–91
2313:5th: 1982–86
2308:4th: 1976–82
2303:3rd: 1960–76
2298:2nd: 1951–60
2293:1st: 1935–51
2237:9th: 2001–06
2232:8th: 1996–01
2227:7th: 1991–96
2222:6th: 1986–91
2217:5th: 1982–86
2212:4th: 1976–82
2207:3rd: 1960–76
2202:2nd: 1951–60
2197:1st: 1948–51
2081:9th: 2001–06
2076:7th: 1991–96
2071:6th: 1986–91
2066:5th: 1982–86
2061:4th: 1976–82
2056:3rd: 1960–76
2051:2nd: 1951–60
2013:9th: 2001–06
1997:7th: 1991–96
1992:6th: 1986–91
1987:5th: 1982–86
1982:4th: 1976–82
1977:3rd: 1960–76
1972:2nd: 1951–60
1967:1st: 1935–51
1801:
1794:
1641:Lê Khả Phiêu
1635:Đào Duy Tùng
1610:
1550:Lê Khả Phiêu
1537:
1532:Trường Chinh
1514:Trường Chinh
1396:
1391:Trường Chinh
1367:
1352:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
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1203:
1197:
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1181:
1173:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
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1117:
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1085:
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1027:6th Congress
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961:Lê Khả Phiêu
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944:
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827:Trường Chinh
823:
774:
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629:
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594:(1998-04-27)
544:
535:Succeeded by
527:
512:
489:Succeeded by
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454:Succeeded by
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373:Succeeded by
350:
331:Succeeded by
324:Trường Chinh
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93:Please help
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47:Please help
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2477:1998 deaths
2472:1915 births
2101:13th: 2021–
2043:Secretariat
1929:13th (2021)
1924:12th (2016)
1919:11th (2011)
1914:10th (2006)
1729:Secretariat
1707:Lương Cường
1703:(2023–2024)
1697:(2021–2023)
1677:Lê Hồng Anh
1605:Võ Chí Công
1564:(2011–2024)
1522:(1956–1960)
1520:Hồ Chí Minh
1147:(4): 6–47.
996:Võ Văn Kiệt
921:Khmer Rouge
909:Jiang Zemin
809:Ho Chi Minh
793:Vietnam War
777:Vietnam War
775:During the
720:South Korea
698:. With the
668:Perestroika
651:Vietnam War
649:during the
634:Vietnamese:
619:(1936-1991)
572:1 July 1915
523:Preceded by
494:Mai Chí Thọ
482:Võ Văn Kiệt
477:Preceded by
459:Võ Văn Kiệt
437:Preceded by
366:Võ Chí Công
361:Preceded by
319:Preceded by
2466:Categories
2357:Alternates
2270:Elected by
1909:9th (2001)
1904:8th (1996)
1899:7th (1991)
1894:6th (1986)
1889:5th (1982)
1884:4th (1976)
1879:3rd (1960)
1874:2nd (1951)
1869:1st (1935)
1629:Lê Đức Anh
1593:Lê Đức Thọ
1502:Hà Huy Tập
1402:1986–1991
1285:23 October
1053:References
968:Cemetery.
941:Retirement
861:Nói và Làm
850:renovation
568:1915-07-01
265:given name
121:newspapers
50:improve it
2362:Apparatus
1959:Politburo
1840:Southwest
1835:Northwest
1748:Apparatus
1724:Politburo
1691:(2018–21)
1685:(2016–18)
1679:(2011–16)
1673:(2006–11)
1667:(2002–06)
1665:Phan Diễn
1655:(1999–01)
1649:(1998–01)
1643:(1996–97)
1637:(1991–96)
1631:(1991–92)
1625:(1988–91)
1619:(1986–88)
1607:(1982–86)
1601:(1980–82)
1595:(1980–82)
1589:(1976–82)
1558:(2001–11)
1552:(1997–01)
1546:(1991–97)
1540:(1986–91)
1528:(1960–86)
1516:(1940–56)
1510:(1938–40)
1504:(1936–38)
1498:(1931–36)
1492:(1930–31)
1316:, 273-96.
926:demagogic
893:relations
797:Politburo
738:Biography
663:Gorbachev
601:, Vietnam
513:In office
467:In office
427:In office
409:1976–1982
405:In office
394:In office
386:Politburo
351:In office
309:In office
56:talk page
2429:Ideology
2272:Congress
2007:Standing
2003:Enlarged
1796:Nhân Dân
1490:Trần Phú
1158:30 April
873:—
744:Hưng Yên
702:reform,
676:Hưng Yên
647:Vietcong
575:Hưng Yên
247:In this
2451:Đổi Mới
2352:Members
2179:2020–25
2174:2015–20
2169:2010–15
2164:2005–10
2159:2000–05
2154:1995–00
2149:1990–95
2144:1985–90
2139:1980–85
2134:1976–82
2129:1960–76
2124:1952–60
2119:1946–48
1617:Đỗ Mười
1544:Đỗ Mười
1526:Lê Duẩn
1408:Đỗ Mười
1153:2141196
1022:Đổi Mới
979:Đổi Mới
935:Đỗ Mười
917:Pol Pot
905:Đỗ Mười
876:Hữu Thọ
845:Doi Moi
805:Lê Duẩn
728:Vietnam
708:Vietnam
704:Vietnam
700:Doi Moi
696:Vietnam
655:Đổi Mới
540:Lê Duẩn
503:of the
378:Đỗ Mười
336:Đỗ Mười
253:surname
135:scholar
2005:&
1568:Tô Lâm
1376:format
1151:
1108:
801:Saigon
766:Saigon
680:France
579:Tonkin
261:Nguyen
257:Nguyễn
251:, the
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
901:China
857:N.V.L
732:ASEAN
730:into
716:Japan
712:China
142:JSTOR
128:books
1287:2017
1160:2014
1149:SSRN
1145:VIII
1106:ISBN
899:and
838:and
722:and
682:and
589:Died
562:Born
417:for
269:Linh
114:news
1374:PDF
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