452:
hold village meetings where internal affairs were discussed and these meetings also served as savings clubs. Ngwa people practice polygamy. The Ngwa people believe in procreation and reincarnation and believe that childbirth through marriage is the only means of reincarnation. The Ekpe and Okonko secret societies served as moral enforcement societies in pre-colonial
Ngwaland, as decisions reached by the lineage council was enforced by them. The Ekpe and Okonko society were introduced to Ngwaland through
2485:
572:, the prices of palm oil and kernel were beginning to recover; which gave rise to the construction of the Eastern Railway which runs through Ngwaland. From 1919 to 1920, there was an expansion of palm oil production and a labour-saving processing technique. The railway created sizeable food markets for the sale of cassava; either as
451:
and worship their gods as part of their culture. Yam, maize, cassava, cocoyam, vegetables, oranges, palms, fruits make up majority of the food crops. The men in
Ngwaland are the only people allowed to speak at the main village meetings where the affairs of the people are discussed while married women
280:
After settling in
Okpuala Ngwa, the founders of Ngwaland created the eight original villages—Ntigha-Okpuala, Eziala-Nsulu, Amaku-Nvosi, Amauha Ovokwu, Umuokwu Mbutu, Orie-Afo Umuoha, Okpu Ngwa Ovunkwu and Okpuala-Ngwa. After the establishment of villages groups by the Ngwa people, they moved down to
469:
Ekpe and Owu masquerades are part of the each of year festivals in
Ngwaland. Agwu-Ikoro, a part of the Ikoro farming festival is popular among the Mbutu villages in Ngwaland. The Ekpe dance festival is an annual religious festival among the Ngwa people (except for Obioma Ngwa) with influence in the
379:
share boundaries in the south. Ngwaland borders
Ubakala and Olokoro people in the north and Isuorgu in the northeastern part. Ngwaland are divided into four parts; northern, southern, northwestern and eastern Ngwa. Ngwaland lies in a flat agricultural land with the highest elevation of 100 feet in
264:
On reaching at the west bank of the Imo River, the group became tired, and they decided to eat. Three brothers; Ngwaukwu, Nwoha and Avosi quickly boiled their yam and crossed over the Imo River before their companions; the Imo River grew and held their companions at the bank. The Ngwa people first
557:
Due to the fertile land, the economy of Ngwa people in pre-colonial era was solely based on farming. Written information about the economy before 1900 is scare. The Ngwa people were majorly involved in international trade. The Ngwa people started importing iron for hoes and machete around the
384:
in the south-east with an annual rainfall of 80 inches to 100 inches and an average annual temperature of 80 degrees
Fahrenheit. Ngwaland has a humid tropical type of climate with the seasons divided between wet and dry seasons, with the rainy season lasting from March to November.
252:
through Ama-Igbo and arrived at
Ezinihitte at an unknown date due to an increase in population in the Owerri area and due to the need of virgin land for cultivating. Some groups moved northwards into the Umuahia, Etiti and Mbano axis while the founders of Ngwaland and the
1705:
528:
Prior to the arrival of the
British, the Ngwa people worshipped the deities that were indigenous to their village which Chineke was and still is considered the most powerful in the pantheon of gods. Other gods include Ohanjoku and
515:
being the preferred language for administrative and educational purposes. The Ngwa dialect is classified it as an Igboid dialect under the New Benue Congo subfamily of the Niger Congo phylum and among the
511:
Ngwa dialect which is filled with idioms and proverbs is spoken in
Ngwaland. It is used as means of communication in trade, folktales, community and village meeting and entertainment with the
2043:
367:
and the largest group of Igbo people with a landmass of 1,328 square kilometres (513 sq mi) and an estimated population of 314,840 in 1963. Ngwaland is bounded by the
336:
during the period when slave trading was being banned; this saw the establishment of the first consular post at Obegu in 1895. Ngwaland was made a
British colony after the
558:
sixteenth and nineteenth century. The nineteenth century saw the involvement of Ngwa people in the production of palm oil and from the 1870s palm kernel for export.
281:
the eastern part of Ngwaland and further into the northwestern and southern part. Some Ngwa farmers settled in the northwest of the present Ngwa region before the
533:. Through the means of colonization, Christian missionaries converted most Ngwa people from their indigenous religious practice to Christianity particularly, the
285:
began but the area saw the establishment of more villages and increase in population from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. They further migrated into the
2271:
1698:
Lost in Transition? Traditional Healers Of SouthEast Nigeria And The Delegitimization of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions in The Age of Modernity
590:"Isusu" a form of banking institution aiding in raising money for business or marriage in pre-colonial Ngwa. This form of banking system is still practiced.
216:
is considered the most powerful god in the pantheon of Ngwa gods. Others include Ohanjoku and Amadioha. In pre-colonial Ngwa, the Okonko society and
457:
2404:
1516:
Nwabughuogu, Anthony I. (1984). "The "Isusu": An Institution for Capital Formation among the Ngwa Igbo; Its Origin and Development to 1951".
248:
The Ngwa people are a part of the Isuama people who lived in the Orlu area. The founders of Ngwaland and other Igbo groups emigrated from
231:, but also practice tradition religion and customs. The Ngwa people are mainly farmers, producing crops such as yam, cassava, cocoyam and
1368:
Oriji, J. N. (1982). "A Re-Assessment of the Organisation and Benefits of the Slave and Palm Produce Trade Amongst the Ngwa - Igbo".
1851:
534:
103:
187:
with a population of 314,840 in 1963. They cover 1,328 square kilometres (513 sq mi) and are the largest subgroup of
1555:
Ukaegbu, Alfred O. (1976). "The Role of Traditional Marriage Habits in Population Growth: The Case of Rural Eastern Nigeria".
1796:
1765:
1290:(1984). "Gender and Innovation: Farming, Cooking and Palm Processing in the Ngwa Region, South-Eastern Nigeria, 1900-1930".
1624:
Nwosu, Okere Steve (1998). "The National Question: Issues and Lessons of Boundary Adjustment in Nigeria—The Ndoki Case".
1370:
1399:
Morgan, W. B. (September 1955). "Farming Practice, Settlement Pattern and Population Density in South-Eastern Nigeria".
220:
served as law enforcers. Festivals in Ngwaland include Ekpe and Owu masquerade festivals and the Ikoro drama festival.
545:. In the 21st century, majority of Ngwa people are Christians with very few practicing traditional Ngwa religion with
1715:
981:
1713:
Oriji, J. N. (1983). "A Study of the Slave and Palm Produce Trade Amongst the Ngwa-Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria".
2521:
1410:
1292:
1706:
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore
2352:
329:
for defaulting the laws of Ngwaland and people kidnapped by the members of the Okonko society in Ngwaland.
1633:
561:
The Slave trade was later conducted by members of Okonko society in Ngwaland. With the emergence of the
1826:
1603:(1977). "Missionaries, Colonial Government and Secret Societies in South-Eastern Igboland, 1920-1950".
1301:
542:
111:
2232:
1836:
1789:
1649:
Asuoha, Jephthah C.; Omego, C. U.; Isaac, B. H. "An Analysis of Sluicing Construction in Ngwa-Igbo".
1841:
1814:
1401:
1344:
2516:
2038:
1876:
1335:
403:
In the 21st century, Ngwa people are found in Nine local government area of Abia State, namely:
2430:
2247:
1487:
466:
to undergo a nutritional course aimed at fattening and preparing them for marriage to suitors.
2242:
2058:
1881:
1333:
Oriji, J. N. (1981). "The Ngwa-Igbo Clan of Southeastern Nigeria: An Oral History Overview".
352:
1091:
235:
production. Importation of iron for hoe and machete began around the 16th and 19th century.
1782:
1414:
517:
282:
17:
8:
2511:
2400:
2220:
2048:
2028:
393:
381:
309:
gained access to Ngwaland through members of the Okonko society with originated from the
1418:
269:
where they performed their first ritual. The Ngwa people are said to have displaced the
2252:
1886:
1736:
1637:
1612:
1588:
1572:
1543:
1535:
1504:
1473:
1430:
1387:
1356:
1321:
1313:
986:
584:
2207:
1761:
1675:
1580:
1547:
1477:
1465:
1444:"Situating the African Ngwa Clan in Acts 17:15-34: An Efficient Missiological Method"
1325:
538:
460:
was reserved strictly for men. The young unmarried women are sometimes inducted into
416:
412:
107:
1592:
2435:
2394:
2262:
1861:
1728:
1564:
1527:
1518:
1496:
1455:
1422:
1379:
1348:
1305:
569:
448:
1092:
2342:
2053:
1856:
506:
322:
171:
1009:
2425:
2357:
2305:
2257:
2227:
2007:
1972:
1942:
1871:
1846:
562:
461:
333:
1485:
Amankulor, J. Ndukaku (January 1977). "The First All-Ngwa Cultural Festival".
1309:
2505:
2489:
2445:
2420:
2387:
2330:
2320:
2295:
2267:
2237:
2163:
2097:
2092:
1922:
1907:
1866:
1679:
1469:
512:
408:
337:
314:
294:
270:
141:
2470:
2440:
2300:
2282:
2143:
2122:
2102:
1997:
1584:
1287:
546:
502:
345:
341:
326:
318:
266:
254:
228:
224:
146:
99:
78:
1732:
1460:
1443:
565:, the slave trade was slowly replaced by palm oil production and trading.
2215:
2112:
2107:
2002:
1987:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1932:
1917:
1805:
1352:
376:
310:
286:
274:
203:
188:
176:
136:
1641:
1616:
2315:
2178:
2087:
1952:
1937:
1912:
1740:
1576:
1539:
1508:
1434:
1360:
479:
453:
372:
306:
290:
199:
184:
63:
1391:
1317:
587:, cassava has become a more important cash crop in the Ngwa villages.
210:
and Olokoro people in the north and Isuorgu in the northeastern part.
2347:
2310:
2188:
2138:
2117:
1600:
1109:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
389:
368:
364:
258:
195:
1568:
1531:
1500:
1426:
2325:
2290:
2071:
1982:
1383:
1014:
530:
232:
180:
2362:
2193:
2153:
1891:
1658:
1215:
1191:
839:
837:
835:
833:
493:
is used for its performance —is celebrated in place of the Ekpe.
486:
471:
404:
397:
249:
207:
117:
1495:(2). UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center: 36–37+66–70.
1454:(1). American Research Institute for Policy Development: 83–87.
1442:
Ekpendu, Ikechi Chidi; Akwarandu, Onyenkwere Princewill (2019).
2183:
2158:
2033:
1992:
1962:
1701:
1651:
Universal Academic Journal of Education, Science and Technology
612:
475:
300:
213:
1774:
1203:
1169:
1167:
830:
580:. Palm wine was another source of income for the Ngwa people.
2450:
2335:
2173:
2148:
2012:
1927:
1831:
1724:
573:
490:
227:
which is rich in idioms and proverbs. They are predominantly
1628:. Political, economic and social issues in the Third World.
868:
866:
864:
2168:
1977:
1164:
577:
217:
1758:
History of Ukwa/Ngwa People and Aba Town: Once Upon a Time
1666:
Ugorji, Nneoma Fyne (2019). "Thematization in Ngwa-Igbo".
400:
area and the Oji River which rises at Nsirimo in Ubakala.
371:
in the west, and the Anang-Ibibio people in the east. The
317:
area. Trade routes were established in Bende, Umuahia and
198:
in the west, and the Anang-Ibibio people in the east. The
902:
861:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
456:
and originally from their neighbours in Cross River. The
1689:
The Composite Scene: The Aesthetics Of Igbo Mask Theatre
1227:
1059:
1057:
808:
806:
1042:
1030:
755:
745:
743:
1557:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
1519:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
1128:
926:
914:
849:
671:
669:
643:
633:
631:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1140:
1116:
1069:
1054:
962:
938:
878:
803:
791:
730:
728:
703:
701:
688:
686:
684:
351:
In the 21st century, Ngwaland was divided into eight
1179:
1010:"Igbo culture: Kedụ uru iru mgbede bara n'ala Igbo?"
779:
767:
740:
1152:
890:
818:
666:
628:
388:There are three main watercourses in Ngwaland; the
321:. In order to meet the demand for slaves from the
950:
725:
713:
698:
681:
340:in 1901. The garrison and district headquarter at
2503:
1448:International Journal of Philosophy and Theology
1441:
1221:
1209:
1197:
843:
489:, the Ikoro festival—a costume drama where the
206:shares boundary in the south. Ngwaland borders
982:"Fattening tradition in South Eastern Nigeria"
1790:
1668:International Journal of Integrative Humanism
183:. The Ngwa people are found predominantly in
1648:
1605:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
1173:
447:Precolonial Ngwa land were practitioners of
301:Pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial era
1611:(1). Historical Society of Nigeria: 75–90.
1515:
872:
1797:
1783:
1563:(4). Cambridge University Press: 390–398.
496:
1484:
1459:
1378:(3). Taylor & Francis, Ltd: 523–548.
1086:
1084:
1048:
1036:
660:
482:, it is performed on the Eke market day.
27:Igbo group living in Southeastern Nigeria
1526:(4). Cambridge University Press: 46–58.
1695:
1686:
1554:
1134:
1122:
1075:
1063:
932:
920:
675:
332:The Ngwa people made contacts with the
243:
14:
2504:
1755:
1665:
1398:
1286:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1185:
1146:
1081:
968:
908:
884:
812:
797:
749:
363:The Ngwa people are found in southern
1778:
1712:
1623:
1367:
1332:
1233:
1158:
896:
855:
824:
785:
773:
761:
734:
719:
707:
692:
637:
549:being the capital of such practices.
179:group living in the southern part of
170:
1756:Onwuma, Eze Obinna (11 April 2021).
1599:
956:
944:
58:Regions with significant populations
1371:Canadian Journal of African Studies
24:
1749:
1687:Ukaegbu, Victor Ikechukwu (1996).
25:
2533:
2484:
2483:
1804:
1279:
1002:
974:
605:
348:in 1902 and 1903 respectively.
325:, Ngwa people condemned by the
297:areas around the 14th century.
1626:Journal of Third World Studies
1411:The Royal Geographical Society
1293:The Journal of African History
13:
1:
1760:. Author House. p. 769.
593:
478:axises. Originating from the
257:moved southwards towards the
1222:Ekpendu & Akwarandu 2019
1210:Ekpendu & Akwarandu 2019
1198:Ekpendu & Akwarandu 2019
1093:"Ekpe Festival Of The Ngwas"
844:Ekpendu & Akwarandu 2019
621:
358:
7:
1716:Cahiers d'Études Africaines
1634:University Press of Florida
1018:(in Igbo). 19 November 2020
523:
10:
2538:
1302:Cambridge University Press
552:
500:
442:
238:
2479:
2463:
2413:
2379:
2372:
2281:
2206:
2131:
2080:
2067:
2021:
1900:
1813:
1691:. University of Plymouth.
1345:Taylor & Francis, Ltd
1310:10.1017/S0021853700028462
1174:Asuoha, Omego & Isaac
131:
126:
95:
90:
74:
69:
62:
57:
52:
47:
40:
1696:Mgbeoji, Ikechi (2006).
1402:The Geographical Journal
598:
41:
1336:The Oral History Review
497:Language and literature
277:driving them eastward.
2522:People from Abia State
353:local government areas
223:The Ngwa people speak
53:314,840 (1963, census)
1882:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
1819:(chronological order)
1733:10.3406/cea.1983.2249
1461:10.15640/ijpt.v7n1a10
535:Seventh-day Adventist
194:It is bounded by the
127:Related ethnic groups
1887:Nigerian-Biafran War
1852:Atlantic slave trade
283:Atlantic slave trade
244:Origin and migration
2029:Anti-Igbo sentiment
1419:1955GeogJ.121..320M
1236:, pp. 309–312.
911:, pp. 418–419.
520:group of dialects.
396:which rises in the
37:
1353:10.1093/ohr/9.1.65
764:, p. 314-315.
585:Nigerian Civil War
35:
2499:
2498:
2459:
2458:
2272:Dallas–Fort Worth
2202:
2201:
1820:
1767:978-1-6655-0430-0
947:, pp. 84–85.
858:, pp. 66–68.
417:Isiala Ngwa South
413:Isiala Ngwa North
380:the basin of the
155:
154:
16:(Redirected from
2529:
2487:
2486:
2377:
2376:
2353:New Yam Festival
2243:Guangzhou, China
2078:
2077:
1862:Ekumeku Movement
1818:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1744:
1709:
1692:
1683:
1662:
1645:
1620:
1596:
1551:
1512:
1481:
1463:
1438:
1395:
1364:
1329:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1224:, p. 84-86.
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1200:, p. 85-86.
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1098:The Post Express
1095:
1088:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
873:Nwabughuogu 1984
870:
859:
853:
847:
841:
828:
822:
816:
810:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
738:
732:
723:
717:
711:
705:
696:
690:
679:
673:
664:
658:
641:
635:
615:
609:
570:second World War
449:African religion
174:
169:
48:Total population
38:
34:
21:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2475:
2455:
2409:
2368:
2277:
2198:
2127:
2069:
2063:
2054:Ohanaeze Ndigbo
2039:Eastern Nigeria
2017:
1896:
1877:Eastern Nigeria
1857:Aro Confederacy
1817:
1809:
1803:
1768:
1752:
1750:Further reading
1747:
1569:10.2307/1159301
1532:10.2307/1160396
1501:10.2307/3335182
1427:10.2307/1790896
1282:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1103:
1101:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
980:
979:
975:
967:
963:
955:
951:
943:
939:
931:
927:
919:
915:
907:
903:
895:
891:
883:
879:
871:
862:
854:
850:
842:
831:
823:
819:
811:
804:
796:
792:
784:
780:
772:
768:
760:
756:
748:
741:
733:
726:
718:
714:
706:
699:
691:
682:
674:
667:
659:
644:
636:
629:
624:
619:
618:
611:Standard Igbo:
610:
606:
601:
596:
555:
526:
509:
507:Igbo literature
499:
445:
361:
323:Bight of Biafra
303:
246:
241:
167:
151:
122:
86:
43:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2535:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2517:Igbo subgroups
2514:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2471:Igbo Knowledge
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2398:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2358:Ofala Festival
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2306:Ikeji festival
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2263:United Kingdom
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:Kingdom of Nri
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1710:
1693:
1684:
1663:
1646:
1621:
1597:
1552:
1513:
1482:
1439:
1396:
1384:10.2307/484558
1365:
1330:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:, p. 425.
1262:
1260:, p. 424.
1250:
1248:, p. 412.
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1176:, p. 127.
1163:
1151:
1149:, p. 107.
1139:
1137:, p. 289.
1127:
1115:
1080:
1068:
1053:
1049:Amankulor 1977
1041:
1037:Amankulor 1977
1029:
1001:
990:. 6 March 2011
973:
971:, p. 419.
961:
949:
937:
935:, p. 393.
925:
923:, p. 391.
913:
901:
889:
887:, p. 415.
877:
860:
848:
829:
817:
815:, p. 414.
802:
800:, p. 332.
790:
788:, p. 317.
778:
776:, p. 317.
766:
754:
752:, p. 416.
739:
724:
712:
697:
680:
665:
661:Amankulor 1977
642:
640:, p. 524.
626:
625:
623:
620:
617:
616:
603:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
554:
551:
525:
522:
498:
495:
458:Okonko Society
444:
441:
360:
357:
302:
299:
245:
242:
240:
237:
172:[ŋɡʷa]
153:
152:
150:
149:
144:
139:
132:
129:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
115:
96:
93:
92:
88:
87:
85:
84:
81:
75:
72:
71:
67:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
45:
44:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2534:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2269:
2268:United States
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2059:Rulers of Nri
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Anglo-Aro War
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:Kalu, Ogbu U.
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1288:Martin, Susan
1285:
1284:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1212:, p. 86.
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1188:, p. 96.
1187:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1161:, p. 78.
1160:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1125:, p. 33.
1124:
1119:
1111:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1078:, p. 27.
1077:
1072:
1066:, p. 34.
1065:
1060:
1058:
1051:, p. 70.
1050:
1045:
1039:, p. 68.
1038:
1033:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1005:
989:
988:
983:
977:
970:
965:
959:, p. 80.
958:
953:
946:
941:
934:
929:
922:
917:
910:
905:
899:, p. 68.
898:
893:
886:
881:
875:, p. 47.
874:
869:
867:
865:
857:
852:
846:, p. 84.
845:
840:
838:
836:
834:
827:, p. 86.
826:
821:
814:
809:
807:
799:
794:
787:
782:
775:
770:
763:
758:
751:
746:
744:
737:, p. 81.
736:
731:
729:
722:, p. 80.
721:
716:
710:, p. 70.
709:
704:
702:
695:, p. 82.
694:
689:
687:
685:
677:
672:
670:
663:, p. 37.
662:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
639:
634:
632:
627:
614:
608:
604:
591:
588:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
559:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
521:
519:
518:south-eastern
514:
513:Standard Igbo
508:
504:
494:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
467:
465:
464:
459:
455:
450:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:Osisioma Ngwa
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
386:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
356:
354:
349:
347:
344:was moved to
343:
339:
338:Anglo-Aro War
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
278:
276:
272:
268:
262:
260:
256:
251:
236:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
166:
165:
160:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
134:
133:
130:
125:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
97:
94:
89:
82:
80:
77:
76:
73:
68:
65:
61:
56:
51:
46:
39:
30:
19:
2488:
2393:
2386:
2208:Demographics
2154:Ọnịcha Mmili
2132:Major cities
1757:
1720:
1714:
1697:
1688:
1671:
1667:
1654:
1650:
1629:
1625:
1608:
1604:
1560:
1556:
1523:
1517:
1492:
1488:African Arts
1486:
1451:
1447:
1406:
1400:
1375:
1369:
1340:
1334:
1297:
1291:
1280:Bibliography
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1154:
1142:
1135:Ukaegbu 1996
1130:
1123:Ukaegbu 1996
1118:
1108:– via
1102:. Retrieved
1097:
1076:Ukaegbu 1996
1071:
1064:Ukaegbu 1996
1044:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
985:
976:
964:
952:
940:
933:Ukaegbu 1976
928:
921:Ukaegbu 1976
916:
904:
892:
880:
851:
820:
793:
781:
769:
757:
715:
678:, p. 6.
676:Mgbeoji 2006
607:
589:
582:
567:
560:
556:
547:Okpuala Ngwa
527:
510:
503:Ngwa dialect
484:
468:
462:
446:
402:
387:
377:Ndoki people
362:
350:
331:
304:
279:
275:Ibeme people
267:Okpuala Ngwa
263:
247:
225:Ngwa dialect
222:
212:
204:Ndoki people
193:
163:
162:
158:
156:
100:Christianity
32:Ethnic group
29:
2426:Enuani Igbo
2216:Igbo people
1872:Women's War
1727:: 311–328.
1413:: 320–333.
1304:: 411–427.
1270:Martin 1984
1258:Martin 1984
1246:Martin 1984
1186:Ugorji 2019
1147:Ugorji 2019
1104:10 November
969:Martin 1984
909:Martin 1984
885:Martin 1984
813:Martin 1984
798:Morgan 1955
750:Martin 1984
568:During the
265:settled at
189:Igbo people
161:(natively:
159:Ngwa people
137:Igbo people
36:Ngwa people
2512:Igbo clans
2506:Categories
2421:Delta Igbo
2365:(religion)
2343:Literature
2179:Awka-Etiti
1636:: 79–101.
1234:Oriji 1983
1159:Oriji 1981
1022:8 November
994:8 November
897:Oriji 1981
856:Oriji 1981
825:Nwosu 1998
786:Oriji 1981
774:Oriji 1983
762:Oriji 1983
735:Oriji 1981
720:Oriji 1981
708:Oriji 1981
693:Oriji 1981
638:Oriji 1982
594:References
583:Since the
501:See also:
307:Aro people
229:Christians
185:Abia State
64:Abia State
2464:Knowledge
2189:Abakaliki
2164:Ugwu Ọcha
2068:Geography
1901:Subgroups
1842:Igbo-Ukwu
1680:2026-6286
1548:207354910
1478:213947340
1470:2333-5769
1347:: 65–84.
1326:161643136
1110:AllAfrica
957:Kalu 1977
945:Kalu 1977
622:Citations
437:Ukwa West
433:Ukwa East
429:Aba South
425:Ugwunagbo
421:Aba North
394:Azi River
390:Imo River
382:Aza river
369:Imo River
365:Igbo land
359:Geography
342:Ndokiland
327:Long Juju
259:Imo River
196:Imo River
175:) are an
104:Adventist
70:Languages
2490:Category
2431:Ika Igbo
2414:Dialects
2380:Language
2373:Language
2321:Highlife
2296:Calendar
2233:Dominica
2228:Barbados
2072:Igboland
2022:Politics
1983:Nri-Igbo
1642:45193765
1617:41857053
1593:45003241
1585:12310661
1015:BBC Igbo
987:Vanguard
543:Catholic
539:Anglican
531:Amadioha
524:Religion
346:Aba-Ngwa
233:palm oil
181:Igboland
164:Nde Ṅgwà
112:Catholic
108:Anglican
102:(mostly
91:Religion
2436:Ikwerre
2363:Odinala
2331:Odumodu
2301:Cuisine
2283:Culture
2248:Jamaica
2194:Umuahia
2098:Bayelsa
2093:Anambra
2049:Nigeria
2008:Ukwuani
2003:Onitsha
1943:Ikwerre
1892:Nigeria
1815:History
1741:4391863
1659:England
1577:1159301
1540:1160396
1509:3335182
1435:1790896
1415:Bibcode
1361:3675325
563:British
553:Economy
487:Obingwa
472:Umuahia
443:Culture
405:Obingwa
398:Umuahia
334:British
250:Umunoha
239:History
214:Chineke
208:Ubakala
118:Omenala
83:English
2395:Igboid
2238:Canada
2184:Nsukka
2159:Owèrrè
2149:Énugwú
2123:Rivers
2103:Ebonyi
2081:States
2044:MASSOB
2034:Biafra
1993:Ohafia
1963:Mbaise
1923:Ekpeye
1908:Anioma
1827:Origin
1808:topics
1764:
1739:
1723:(91).
1702:Geneva
1678:
1640:
1615:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1546:
1538:
1507:
1476:
1468:
1433:
1392:484558
1390:
1359:
1324:
1318:181224
1316:
1100:. 2001
613:Chukwu
576:or as
476:Owerri
463:mgbede
392:, the
315:Ibibio
271:Ibibio
142:Ibibio
135:Other
2451:Waawa
2405:SPILC
2401:Names
2348:Names
2336:Ogene
2316:Music
2258:Saros
2253:Japan
2174:Nnewi
2144:Ahaba
2113:Delta
2108:Enugu
2013:Waawa
1998:Ohuhu
1973:Ndoki
1928:Etche
1832:Lejja
1737:JSTOR
1725:EHESS
1674:(1).
1657:(2).
1638:JSTOR
1632:(2).
1613:JSTOR
1589:S2CID
1573:JSTOR
1544:S2CID
1536:JSTOR
1505:JSTOR
1474:S2CID
1431:JSTOR
1409:(3).
1388:JSTOR
1357:JSTOR
1322:S2CID
1314:JSTOR
1300:(4).
599:Notes
574:garri
491:Ikoro
295:Bonny
287:Ndoki
255:Ohuhu
147:Ndoki
2446:Ngwa
2441:Izzi
2388:Igbo
2311:Jews
2221:list
2169:Awka
2088:Abia
1988:Ogba
1978:Ngwa
1968:Mgbo
1958:Izzi
1948:Ikwo
1933:Ezaa
1918:Edda
1806:Igbo
1762:ISBN
1676:ISSN
1581:PMID
1466:ISSN
1106:2023
1024:2023
996:2023
578:akpu
541:and
505:and
480:Aros
474:and
454:Aros
435:and
375:and
311:Efik
305:The
293:and
273:and
218:Ekpe
202:and
177:Igbo
168:IPA:
157:The
110:and
79:Ngwa
42:Ṅgwà
18:Ngwa
2326:rap
2291:Art
2139:Aba
2118:Imo
1953:Isu
1938:Ika
1913:Aro
1837:Opi
1729:doi
1565:doi
1528:doi
1497:doi
1456:doi
1423:doi
1407:121
1380:doi
1349:doi
1306:doi
485:In
407:,
373:Asa
319:Aba
291:Asa
200:Asa
2508::
2403:-
1735:.
1721:23
1719:.
1704::
1700:.
1672:11
1670:.
1653:.
1630:15
1607:.
1587:.
1579:.
1571:.
1561:46
1559:.
1542:.
1534:.
1524:54
1522:.
1503:.
1493:10
1491:.
1472:.
1464:.
1450:.
1446:.
1429:.
1421:.
1405:.
1386:.
1376:16
1374:.
1355:.
1343:.
1339:.
1320:.
1312:.
1298:25
1296:.
1166:^
1096:.
1083:^
1056:^
1012:.
984:.
863:^
832:^
805:^
742:^
727:^
700:^
683:^
668:^
645:^
630:^
537:,
439:.
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
355:.
289:,
261:.
191:.
106:,
2274:)
2270:(
2074:)
2070:(
1798:e
1791:t
1784:v
1770:.
1743:.
1731::
1708:.
1682:.
1661:.
1655:4
1644:.
1619:.
1609:9
1595:.
1567::
1550:.
1530::
1511:.
1499::
1480:.
1458::
1452:7
1437:.
1425::
1417::
1394:.
1382::
1363:.
1351::
1341:9
1328:.
1308::
1112:.
1026:.
998:.
313:-
114:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.