373:: every time he lost money, he would bet double the amount that was lost to recoup the amount. This had been successful for him in the past, including once in 1993 where he was able to cover a £6 million negative balance in the error account and after which he vowed not to use the account again. Leeson had to maintain his reputation as a trading genius and soon found himself hiding his losses there again. As the losses grew higher, Leeson fabricated cover stories to explain why he needed more cash from London; his sterling reputation protected him from close scrutiny.
554:, which included the Nick Leeson case as one of the top 25 crimes that shocked the nation since its independence in 1965. The book was borne out of collaboration between the Singapore Police Force and the newspaper itself. The paperback edition of the book was published and first appeared on the bookshelves in late June 2017. The paperback edition first entered the ST bestseller list on 8 August 2017, a month after its publication.
361:
reconcile a discrepancy of 500 contracts, costing
Barings US$ 1.7 million. He concluded that the only way to hide such a massive error and keep his job was to hide it in the error account. Leeson insists that he never used the account for his own gain, but in 1996 investigators had located approximately $ 35 million in various bank accounts tied to him.
360:
Leeson used this error account to cover further bad trades by himself and others. For example, he used it to cover mistakes made by one of his traders who frequently came to work after long nights of partying. Leeson believes that he first crossed into out-and-out criminal conduct when he forgot to
575:
but it failed to reach its reserve price despite a highest bid of £16,100. It was subsequently sold for £21,000. In
October 2007 a similar jacket used by Leeson's team but not thought to have been worn by Leeson himself sold at auction for £4,000.
486:. He is a guest on the after-dinner and keynote speaking circuits, stating in 2019 that "two events a month is enough to keep me in the manner to which I'm accustomed". Leeson still deals in stock markets, but only with his own money.
498:
in April 2005, rising to the position of general manager in
November 2005. By July 2007 he had become the club's chief executive officer. In February 2011, after the club encountered financial problems, he resigned his position.
329:(SIMEX). Barings had held a seat on SIMEX for some time but did not activate it until Leeson, appointed general manager, was sent to head both front office and back office operations. Prior to leaving, Leeson was denied a
395:
hit early in the morning on 17 January, sending Asian markets, and Leeson's trading positions, downward. Leeson attempted to recoup his losses by making a series of increasingly risky new trades (using a long-long future
1206:
1438:
344:
trades that initially made large profits for
Barings: £10 million, which accounted for 10% of Barings' annual profit. He earned a bonus of £130,000 on his salary of £50,000 for that year. Leeson used one of Barings'
225:. After it suffered financial difficulties, he resigned from his position as chief executive officer. Leeson is also active on the keynote and after-dinner speaking circuit, where he advises companies about risk and
1581:
1701:
1373:
349:(accounts used to correct mistakes made in trading) to hide his losses. He later stated that this account was first used to hide an error made by a subordinate who had been assigned to buy twenty
1641:
1756:
369:
By the end of 1992, the error account's losses exceeded £2 million, increasing to £23 million in late 1993. This amount then ballooned to £208 million by the end of 1994. Leeson had followed a
1827:
470:
1910:
452:
stated, "This is a dreary book, written by a young man very taken with himself, but it ought to be read by banking managers and auditors everywhere." In 1999, the book was made into a
1150:
871:
1797:
1428:
1196:
438:
in
Singapore. Leeson was released in July 1999 after serving at least two-thirds of his sentence (4 years and 4 months) for good behaviour, and having been diagnosed with
1495:
1671:
1343:
2001:
1313:
300:. He was then transferred to Baring's Jakarta office in 1990, handling some of Barings' unpaid share certificates which amounted to £100 million. Leeson returned to
1573:
1693:
1365:
996:
1633:
1174:
1764:
1819:
1603:
844:
1914:
292:
two years later, at £12,000 (equivalent to £42,634 in 2023) a year. With four other settlement specialists, Leeson was briefly seconded to
1991:
1966:
593:
Leeson married Lisa Sims, later also known as Lisa Leeson, on March 21 1992. The couple met in
Jakarta, where both were working on Barings
1405:
1035:
786:
1139:
1956:
1236:
1090:
326:
1787:
1460:
867:
1734:
333:'s licence in the UK because of committing fraud on his application, having failed to report a judgment against him entered by the
1951:
1946:
1487:
2016:
1663:
2011:
1524:
1335:
1070:
1029:
325:
In April 1992, Barings decided to open a
Futures and Options office in Singapore, executing and clearing transactions on the
1547:
1283:
1116:
757:
1309:
430:
Leeson pleaded guilty to two counts of "deceiving the bank's auditors and of cheating the
Singapore exchange", including
419:, was declared insolvent on 26 February. After fleeing to Malaysia, Thailand and finally Germany, Leeson was arrested in
1981:
1936:
1267:
964:
939:
902:
823:
663:
640:
1339:
407:
Leeson left a note reading, "I'm sorry" and fled
Singapore on 23 February. Losses eventually reached £827 million (
986:
1164:
571:
thought to have been worn by Leeson while trading on SIMEX in
Singapore. The jacket was offered for sale on
1986:
1976:
533:
507:
In March 2023, Leeson joined Red Mist Market Enforcement Unit, a corporate intelligence firm run by former
2021:
2006:
1971:
1611:
381:
370:
840:
600:
The couple divorced in 1997, a year after Leeson's arrest. Sims later worked as a flight attendant for
434:
documents. District judge Richard Magnus convicted Leeson and sentenced him to six and a half years in
1961:
392:
226:
1694:"Guilty As Charged: Rogue trader Nick Leeson brought down Britain's oldest merchant bank Barings"
391:, essentially betting that the Japanese stock market would not move significantly overnight. The
337:. Neither Leeson nor Barings disclosed this denial when he applied for his licence in Singapore.
607:
In 2003, four years after his release from Changi Prison, Leeson married Leona Tormay, an Irish
1996:
1941:
700:
258:
1395:
308:
in which a Barings employee had used a client's account to trade on a proprietary basis until
1019:
815:
809:
782:
1931:
1574:"Rogue trader Nick Leeson who brought down a bank turns investigator of financial misdeeds"
483:
401:
385:
285:
254:
230:
184:
94:
74:
1724:
1232:
1086:
8:
1464:
1461:"Nick Leeson: Infamous Rogue Trader Responsible For The Collapse of Barings Bank In 1995"
1433:
1201:
929:
705:
630:
581:
453:
444:
511:
operative Seth Freedman, and turned into an investigator of financial misconduct cases.
442:, which he survived despite grim forecasts. In 1996, Leeson published an autobiography,
730:
495:
266:
262:
222:
88:
273:
private bank, where he settled paper cheques, crediting and debiting client accounts.
1864:
1792:
1760:
1263:
1066:
1025:
960:
935:
898:
819:
659:
636:
608:
597:'s office in 1990. Sims resigned from Barings Bank following her marriage to Leeson.
546:
471:
Inside Story Special: £830,000,000 – Nick Leeson and the Fall of the House of Barings
293:
218:
1062:
715:
464:. The events also form the subject matter of a 1996 television documentary made by
350:
187:
1885:
1551:
1520:
1893:
1870:
1287:
1169:
1145:
1112:
601:
203:
749:
991:
684:
679:
568:
388:
377:
277:
250:
1925:
720:
710:
538:
457:
435:
416:
346:
246:
211:
199:
62:
253:. His father was a self-employed plasterer, his mother a nurse. He attended
1875:
1729:
651:
559:
528:
439:
376:
The beginning of the end occurred on 16 January 1995, when Leeson placed a
289:
195:
1634:"Guilty As Charged: Shocking crimes that have shaken Singapore since 1965"
269:
passes, Leeson was hired as a clerk with the Lombard Street branch of the
725:
694:
465:
424:
341:
309:
281:
191:
20:
19:
This article is about the derivatives broker. For the racing driver, see
1860:
1400:
689:
508:
461:
411:
1.4 billion), twice Barings' available trading capital. After a failed
482:
In 2003, as a mature student, Leeson completed a BSc in Psychology at
959:(Second ed.). World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 146.
420:
408:
397:
354:
207:
1820:"Former 'rogue trader' Nick Leeson joins corporate private eye firm"
288:
transactions. With few prospects for a front office role, he joined
1488:"Nick Leeson: lucrative new life of banking's most notorious rogue"
753:
1258:
Marthinsen, John E. (2018). "Barings Bank PLC: Leeson's Lessons".
552:
Guilty As Charged: 25 Crimes That Have Shaken Singapore Since 1965
296:
to troubleshoot Barings' back office in the Indonesian capital of
895:
The Dynamics of Organizational Collapse: The Case of Barings Bank
594:
431:
412:
404:
would make a rapid recovery. The recovery failed to materialise.
334:
297:
242:
58:
1757:"Howard makes his mark at Norwood's Distressed Investing Dinner"
1197:"Barings rogue trader Nick Leeson: 'Money is not my motivation'"
1901:
1021:
The Complete Guide to Spotting Accounting Fraud & Cover-ups
932:: How I Brought Down Barings Bank and Shook the Financial World
633:: How I Brought Down Barings Bank and Shook the Financial World
615:
330:
301:
270:
527:
left off, including in-depth conversations with psychologist
305:
217:
Between 2005 and 2011, Leeson had senior management roles at
1853:
1059:
International Finance: Transactions, Policy, and Regulation
572:
564:
448:, detailing his acts. A review in the financial columns of
233:
in charge of dealing with cases of financial misconduct.
585:
together with Barings Bank losses of US$ 1,400,000,000.
169:
1429:"Nick Leeson Lecturing Others on The Current Recession"
868:"The original rogue trader: interview with Nick Leeson"
502:
1396:"Inside Story Special – BBC One London – 12 June 1996"
957:
Global Derivative Debacles: From Theory To Malpractice
1366:"Singapore Sentences Leeson to 6 1/2 Years in Prison"
1233:"How Nick Leeson caused the collapse of Barings Bank"
811:
Total Risk: Nick Leeson and the Fall of Barings Bank
1664:"Guilty As Charged: 25 crimes that shook Singapore"
544:In July 2015, Singapore's national daily newspaper
1138:
814:. University of Michigan: HarperCollins. pp.
1894:"Business: The Economy How Leeson broke the bank"
1883:
1276:
415:attempt, Barings, which had been the UK's oldest
1923:
357:but sold them instead, costing Barings £20,000.
1788:"Rogue trader Leeson ties knot with Irish love"
1479:
1911:"Singapore's Most Famous Convicts – Bank Bust"
1140:"How account 88888 sank Britain's oldest bank"
312:from the clearinghouses unraveled the scheme.
261:. After finishing sixth form in 1985 with six
2002:People educated at Parmiter's School, Garston
1545:
926:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
649:
627:
183:(born 25 February 1967) is an English former
16:English former derivatives trader (born 1967)
1515:
1513:
1056:
984:
364:
1024:. Atlantic Publishing Company. p. 31.
494:Leeson was appointed commercial manager of
304:in September 1991 to investigate a case of
1257:
911:
519:In June 2005, Leeson released a new book,
1510:
980:
978:
976:
567:, the liquidators of Barings, had sold a
327:Singapore International Monetary Exchange
1785:
1548:"Leeson resigns Galway Utd CEO position"
807:
777:
775:
579:His name is mentioned in the credits of
194:trades resulted in the 1995 collapse of
1908:
1886:"Leeson's legacy lives on in Singapore"
1722:
1485:
1426:
954:
865:
656:Back from the Brink: Coping with Stress
521:Back from the Brink: Coping with Stress
1924:
1884:Malcolm Borthwick (23 February 2005).
1498:from the original on 17 September 2022
1230:
973:
927:Leeson, Nick; Whitley, Edward (1996).
838:
628:Leeson, Nick; Whitley, Edward (1996).
477:
103:CEO of Bull and Bear Capital (current)
1725:"Nick Leeson's jacket raises £21,000"
1226:
1224:
1209:from the original on 6 September 2018
1177:from the original on 11 December 2022
1017:
841:"4 Lessons to Learn From Nick Leeson"
772:
489:
198:, the United Kingdom's second oldest
1992:Prisoners and detainees of Singapore
1800:from the original on 24 January 2012
1527:from the original on 8 February 2012
1376:from the original on 6 December 2021
1346:from the original on 2 February 2012
1316:from the original on 4 December 2018
1310:"Bonn approves Leeson's extradition"
1239:from the original on 4 December 2018
1165:"The man who broke the queen's bank"
1093:from the original on 5 February 2012
892:
789:from the original on 5 February 2012
514:
503:Investigator of financial misconduct
340:From 1992, Leeson made unauthorised
210:court and served over four years in
1967:20th-century English businesspeople
1704:from the original on 8 January 2021
1674:from the original on 11 August 2017
1408:from the original on 6 January 2016
1119:from the original on 25 August 2017
1038:from the original on 11 August 2023
999:from the original on 28 August 2011
874:from the original on 11 August 2023
190:whose fraudulent, unauthorised and
13:
1830:from the original on 22 March 2023
1584:from the original on 22 March 2023
1521:"Rogue trader Leeson 'eyes deals'"
1286:. 27 December 2009. Archived from
1221:
1153:from the original on 20 June 2022.
847:from the original on 31 March 2022
760:from the original on 3 August 2013
427:to Singapore on 20 November 1995.
100:Head Educator at Bizintra (former)
14:
2033:
1845:
1763:. 16 October 2007. Archived from
1737:from the original on 3 April 2010
1546:Brendan White (2 February 2011).
1441:from the original on 16 June 2012
1427:Culshaw, Peter (8 January 2009).
1340:Crime & Investigation Network
987:"Upper-Class Twits Made Me Do It"
866:Michael, Costello (6 June 2011).
750:"Leeson to have cancer operation"
1957:British people imprisoned abroad
1786:McDonald, Brian (14 June 2003).
1723:Wearden, Graeme (5 April 2007).
1644:from the original on 15 May 2016
1262:. De Gruyter. pp. 200–204.
783:"Nick Leeson: biography part II"
588:
249:, to working-class parents on a
133:
1812:
1779:
1749:
1716:
1686:
1656:
1626:
1596:
1566:
1539:
1453:
1420:
1388:
1358:
1328:
1302:
1251:
1189:
1157:
1131:
1105:
1087:"Nick Leeson: biography part I"
1079:
1050:
1011:
320:
284:, clearing and settling listed
151:
129:
1952:Alumni of Middlesex University
1947:20th-century English criminals
1231:Monthe, Paul (February 2007).
985:Floyd Norris (31 March 1996).
948:
886:
859:
839:Powell, Robin (10 July 2015).
832:
801:
742:
523:. It picks up his story where
400:), this time betting that the
1:
2017:Fugitives wanted by Singapore
1902:"Galway United Football Club"
1486:Carroll, Rory (2 July 2019).
736:
236:
2012:Irish expatriates in England
1580:. Singapore. 22 March 2023.
534:Celebrity Apprentice Ireland
7:
1336:"Nick Leeson: Rogue Trader"
1113:"How Leeson broke the bank"
808:Rawnsley, Judith H (1996).
673:
550:published an e-book titled
87:CEO of Irish football club
10:
2038:
1523:. BBC News. 7 March 2007.
1115:. BBC News. 22 June 1999.
18:
1982:People from County Galway
1896:. BBC News. 22 June 1999.
897:. Routledge. p. 20.
531:. In 2013 he appeared in
365:Downfall and imprisonment
335:National Westminster Bank
315:
276:In 1987, Leeson moved to
164:
110:
80:
70:
37:
30:
1937:1992 crimes in Singapore
1604:"Judges and Contestants"
955:Laurent, Jacque (2015).
621:
393:Great Hanshin earthquake
241:Nick Leeson was born in
229:. Leeson is currently a
227:corporate responsibility
893:Elga, Drummond (2007).
280:'s Futures and Options
181:Nicholas William Leeson
42:Nicholas William Leeson
1018:Maeda, Martha (2010).
701:List of trading losses
202:. He was convicted of
1057:Hal S. Scott (2006).
454:film of the same name
1879:. 19 September 2008.
1614:on 27 September 2013
1173:. 24 February 1996.
1149:. 16 February 1996.
697:in financial markets
484:Middlesex University
402:Nikkei Stock Average
231:private investigator
132: 1992;
1987:People from Watford
1977:Fugitive financiers
1767:on 25 February 2012
1434:The Daily Telegraph
1372:. 2 December 1995.
1284:"25 Million Pounds"
1202:The Daily Telegraph
478:Post-release career
371:"doubling" strategy
2022:Ig Nobel laureates
2007:Galway United F.C.
1972:English fraudsters
1370:The New York Times
1205:. 19 August 2012.
731:White collar crime
496:Galway United F.C.
490:Galway United F.C.
450:The New York Times
1826:. 22 March 2023.
1793:Irish Independent
1698:The Straits Times
1670:. 8 August 2017.
1668:The Straits Times
1638:The Straits Times
1578:The Straits Times
1072:978-1-59941-263-4
1031:978-1-60138-212-2
756:. 8 August 1998.
557:On 5 April 2007,
547:The Straits Times
515:Media appearances
351:futures contracts
255:Parmiter's School
219:League of Ireland
178:
177:
75:Parmiter's School
2029:
1918:
1917:on 3 March 2016.
1913:. Archived from
1905:
1897:
1889:
1880:
1857:
1856:
1854:Official website
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1610:. Archived from
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1550:. Archived from
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1463:. Archived from
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1290:on 29 March 2012
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1235:. Next Finance.
1228:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1089:. 1 March 2011.
1083:
1077:
1076:
1063:Foundation Press
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
982:
971:
970:
952:
946:
945:
924:
909:
908:
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
836:
830:
829:
805:
799:
798:
796:
794:
785:. 1 March 2011.
779:
770:
769:
767:
765:
746:
716:Toshihide Iguchi
669:
646:
174:
171:
155:
153:
137:
135:
131:
55:
52:25 February 1967
51:
49:
28:
27:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2026:
1962:English bankers
1922:
1921:
1900:
1892:
1869:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1700:. 15 May 2016.
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1640:. 14 May 2016.
1632:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1467:on 4 April 2012
1459:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
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1277:
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1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1229:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1170:The Irish Times
1163:
1162:
1158:
1146:The Independent
1137:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
983:
974:
967:
953:
949:
942:
925:
912:
905:
891:
887:
877:
875:
864:
860:
850:
848:
837:
833:
826:
806:
802:
792:
790:
781:
780:
773:
763:
761:
748:
747:
743:
739:
676:
666:
643:
624:
602:Virgin Atlantic
591:
517:
505:
492:
480:
389:stock exchanges
367:
323:
318:
239:
204:financial crime
168:
160:
157:
154: 2003)
149:
145:
139:
136: 1997)
127:
123:
120:
106:
97:broker (former)
66:
56:
53:
47:
45:
44:
43:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1881:
1867:
1858:
1847:
1846:External links
1844:
1842:
1841:
1811:
1778:
1748:
1715:
1685:
1655:
1625:
1595:
1565:
1554:on 14 May 2012
1538:
1509:
1478:
1452:
1419:
1387:
1357:
1327:
1301:
1275:
1268:
1250:
1220:
1188:
1156:
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1078:
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1824:The Guardian
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618:as of 2023.
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525:Rogue Trader
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443:
440:colon cancer
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321:Barings Bank
310:margin calls
290:Barings Bank
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196:Barings Bank
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144:Leona Tormay
25:
1932:1967 births
1888:. BBC News.
1861:Nick Leeson
1804:23 February
1771:23 February
1741:23 February
1558:23 February
1531:23 February
1471:23 February
1445:23 February
1350:24 February
1294:23 February
1260:Risk Takers
1213:6 September
1181:6 September
1123:6 September
1097:23 February
1042:18 November
1003:23 February
793:23 February
764:26 November
726:CITIC Group
695:Speculation
466:Adam Curtis
342:speculative
286:derivatives
282:back office
192:speculative
185:derivatives
95:Derivatives
81:Occupations
32:Nick Leeson
21:Nick Leason
1926:Categories
1733:. London.
1437:. London.
1412:20 October
1401:BBC Genome
1380:6 December
1320:4 December
1243:4 December
737:References
690:Bill Hwang
609:beautician
509:Black Cube
462:Anna Friel
425:extradited
257:in nearby
237:Early life
170:nickleeson
48:1967-02-25
1708:6 January
1678:6 January
1648:6 January
468:, titled
456:starring
421:Frankfurt
398:arbitrage
382:Singapore
355:Fuji Bank
294:Hong Kong
208:Singapore
119:Lisa Sims
71:Education
1834:22 March
1828:Archived
1798:Archived
1735:Archived
1702:Archived
1672:Archived
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1588:22 March
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872:Archived
845:Archived
787:Archived
758:Archived
754:BBC News
674:See also
654:(2005).
265:and two
263:O Levels
91:(former)
1761:Norwood
595:Jakarta
432:forging
413:bailout
380:in the
298:Jakarta
267:A level
259:Garston
243:Watford
165:Website
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1608:TV3.ie
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331:broker
316:Career
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271:Coutts
188:trader
622:Works
386:Tokyo
306:fraud
221:club
206:in a
150:(
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1865:IMDb
1836:2023
1806:2012
1773:2012
1743:2012
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1680:2021
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1620:2013
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795:2012
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637:ISBN
573:eBay
565:KPMG
460:and
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384:and
353:for
172:.com
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539:TV3
537:on
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