1278:
2110:
1302:
1235:
1250:
97:
1266:
3783:
1290:
3707:
31:
55:
3731:
3795:
1211:. Also, increased travel introduces predators to more and more of the breeding sites, and colonies of the Nicobar pigeon may be driven to desert such locations or be destroyed outright. Though the bird is widely distributed and in some locations very common --even on small Palau it is still reasonably plentiful, with an estimated 1,000 adult birds remaining—its long-term future is increasingly jeopardized. For these reasons, the
1972:
3743:
3719:
3771:
1124:
helps to grind up hard food items. Its flight is quick, with regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings, as is characteristic of pigeons in general. Unlike other pigeons, groups tend to fly in columns or single file, not in a loose flock. The white tail is prominent in flight when seen
853:) was described. It was about one-quarter larger than the Nicobar pigeon. Considering that it must have been a good source of food, it was most likely hunted to extinction by the first human settlers of its home islands. It probably was extinct by 500 BC. The
884:
It is a large pigeon, measuring 40 cm (16 in) in length. The head is grey, like the upper neck plumage, which turns into green and copper hackles. The tail is very short and pure white. The rest of its plumage is metallic green. The
1277:
1133: – to an adult Nicobar pigeon, it is obvious at a glance which flockmembers are neither potential mates, nor potential competitors for mates, nor old enough to safely guide a flock from one island to another.
1770:
1191:, where this attractive and unusual bird is often seen. Direct exploitation of the species, even including the illegal trade, might be sustainable on its own; however, its available nesting
876:
as the least awkward possibility; its true affinities are presently indeterminate and it is perhaps more likely to represent a distinct genus of the
Indopacific radiation of Columbidae.
1875:
1136:
This species nests in dense forest on offshore islets, often in large colonies. It builds a loose stick nest in a tree. It lays one elliptical faintly blue-tinged white
991:, indicating rampant regeneration of vegetation – but perhaps also that damage to the island's forest was severe, as a cover of creeping plants is typical of early
896:
Females are slightly smaller than males; they have a smaller bill knob, shorter hackles and browner underparts. Immature birds have a black tail and lack almost all
2003:
1129:", keeping flocks together when crossing the sea at dawn or dusk. The young birds' lack of a white tail is a signal of their immaturity clearly visible to
777:
cannot be excluded as possible closest living relative of the
Raphinae, the Nicobar pigeon makes a more plausible candidate than for example the group of
1719:
950:
caused massive damage on the
Nicobar Islands, and to what extent Batti Malv was affected is still not clear. But while everything on some islets in the
1249:
1893:
4140:
2619:
1609:
3985:
4130:
4024:
1692:
1988:
1939:"Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences support a Cretaceous origin of Columbiformes and a dispersal-driven radiation in the Paleogene"
2104:
1108:
occur and spends the day in areas with better food availability, not shying away from areas inhabited by humans. Its food consists of
1421:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
804:. But what little evidence is available still suggests that the Nicobar pigeon is distinct from all other living lifeforms since the
3959:
1744:
800:
used to infer the date the ancestors of the
Nicobar pigeon and the didines diverged has since turned out to be both unreliable and
3998:
2614:
1301:
2070:
Slack, Kerryn E.; Jones, Craig M.; Ando, Tatsuro; Harrison, G.L. "Abby; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Arnason, Ulfur; Penny, David (2006).
2031:
Shapiro, B.; Sibthorpe, D.; Rambaut, A.; Austin, J.; Wragg, G. M.; Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P.; Lee, P. L. M.; Cooper, A. (2002).
1283:
The white tail is the most conspicuous feature of adult
Nicobar pigeons, particularly when seen at a distance in the twilight.
1901:
1862:
1843:
4003:
4170:
1256:
4094:
1026:
services and was removed by
Australian Department of Agriculture officials. In 2023, another individual was found on
2020:
4165:
4029:
1894:"Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genes Contain Similar Phylogenetic. Signal for Pigeons and Doves (Aves: Columbiformes)"
761:), which are typically considered distinct subfamilies. Hence, the Nicobar pigeon may well constitute another now-
2158:
2076:
951:
340:
212:
1171:
Nicobar pigeons are hunted in considerable numbers for food, and also for their gizzard stone which is used in
3876:
1234:
3849:
1148:
494:, from Shapiro and colleagues (2002), shows the Nicobar pigeon's closest relationships within Columbidae, a
4155:
1926:
1156:
1289:
4160:
3915:
3910:
3747:
2604:
1047:
272:
966:
at the highest point of the low-lying island – was little-damaged and put back in operation by the
3761:
2386:
1458:
1104:
The
Nicobar pigeon roams in flocks from island to island, usually sleeping on offshore islets where no
724:
1531:
1349:
1265:
4145:
3889:
2301:
2291:
1160:
1027:
947:
943:
96:
2124:
2109:
1665:
2627:
2609:
4150:
2632:
546:
4068:
2306:
3990:
3897:
3811:
3723:
2599:
2411:
2361:
2064:
484:
280:
4016:
865:
locality; it probably disappeared in the 19th century and most likely succumbed to introduced
4063:
4055:
2436:
1603:
1035:
995:
stages, while a photo of the lighthouse taken before the tsunami shows rather mature forest.
992:
458:). However, the study's results showed this as one weak possibility from a limited sample of
191:
1441:
A List of the Genera of Birds : with an
Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus
4089:
3902:
3858:
3064:
963:
854:
476:
of pigeons (and not an independent family, as was previously believed due to their bizarre
298:
8:
2594:
2486:
2426:
2371:
2151:
1067:
889:
of the dark bill forms a small blackish knob; the strong legs and feet are dull red. The
746:
619:
519:
310:
44:
1797:
1326:
3377:
2441:
2401:
2366:
2011:
1871:
1586:
1559:
1435:
1055:
1007:
977:
935:
849:
766:
711:
A similar cladogram was published in 2007, differing only in the inverted placement of
366:
221:
91:
1971:
1241:
4135:
4107:
4050:
3933:
3730:
3503:
3450:
3400:
2543:
2533:
2476:
2276:
2271:
2211:
2095:
2055:
1960:
1918:
1858:
1839:
1591:
1204:
1152:
1011:
809:
400:
1439:
3369:
2511:
2183:
2085:
2047:
1950:
1910:
1693:"Dodo's relative, Nicobar pigeon, found in north-west Australia's Kimberley region"
1581:
1571:
1462:
1344:
1184:
1180:
3938:
3925:
2051:
1560:"The mysterious Spotted Green Pigeon and its relation to the Dodo and its kindred"
1419:
4037:
3863:
3601:
3429:
2899:
2421:
2406:
2344:
2243:
2171:
1220:
1087:
927:
919:
817:
797:
778:
742:
720:
404:
396:
392:
348:
335:
284:
59:
4081:
1855:
Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the
Maldives
1557:
1038:
contacted authorities, but there are currently no plans to relocate the pigeon.
466:
3799:
3787:
3711:
3641:
3593:
3527:
3466:
3421:
3408:
3282:
3245:
3096:
2870:
2707:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2431:
2416:
2311:
2286:
2281:
2263:
2144:
1745:"Dodo relative's mysterious appearance on tropical island baffles bird experts"
1424:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 164.
959:
930:), the most significant colony of Nicobar pigeons in modern times was found on
890:
770:
754:
2072:"Early Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution"
1955:
1938:
1505:
1503:
1466:
4124:
4011:
3834:
3649:
3633:
3556:
3548:
3382:
3180:
3030:
2917:
2875:
2675:
2667:
2589:
2553:
2471:
2395:
2223:
2032:
1980:
1576:
1415:
1335:
1137:
1121:
970:
900:. There is hardly any variation across the birds' wide range. Even the Palau
844:
828:
734:
388:
353:
330:
322:
302:
208:
64:
2090:
2071:
443:, the Nicobar pigeon is sometimes called the closest living relative of the
3782:
3775:
3735:
3479:
3324:
3140:
2978:
2926:
2798:
2759:
2528:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2193:
2099:
2059:
1964:
1922:
1914:
1595:
1500:
1371:
440:
430:
370:
256:
2130:
1885:
325:
included a description and two illustrations of the Nicobar pigeon in his
4042:
3972:
3843:
3540:
3387:
3193:
3172:
3161:
3126:
2993:
2983:
2941:
2832:
2699:
2501:
2326:
2321:
2253:
2238:
2206:
1881:
1771:"The dodo's gorgeous island-hopping relative finds its way to our shores"
1130:
1083:
1019:
981:
967:
939:
923:
897:
801:
789:
738:
481:
412:
4102:
3964:
3657:
3519:
3458:
3437:
3269:
3253:
3188:
3133:
3105:
3037:
3002:
2880:
2728:
2563:
2538:
2296:
1853:
Grimmett, Richard; Inskipp, Carol; Inskipp, Tim; Byers, Clive (2009) .
1200:
1163:- the first time the bird has been sighted on the Australian mainland.
1095:
1023:
1004:
955:
931:
901:
793:
782:
377:
158:
148:
30:
2136:
3617:
3572:
3361:
3154:
3071:
3055:
3044:
2954:
2890:
2849:
2548:
2349:
2336:
2316:
2216:
1937:
Pereira, S. L.; Johnson, K. P.; Clayton, D. H.; Baker, A. J. (2007).
1886:
Relief Assistance Provided by Indian Navy – Update 19 January 05
1172:
1126:
1015:
824:
805:
762:
491:
473:
423:
108:
3977:
3951:
3805:
1720:"Pigeon related to dodo found on Australian mainland for first time"
976:
less than one month after the disaster. An April 2007 survey by the
907:
has merely shorter neck hackles, but is otherwise almost identical.
3828:
3794:
3585:
3315:
3290:
3236:
3147:
3119:
3009:
2973:
2965:
2947:
2842:
2827:
2811:
2558:
2521:
2354:
1105:
1071:
1063:
774:
477:
361:
293:
168:
128:
2004:"An annotated list of the endemic avifauna of the Nicobar islands"
910:
It is a very vocal species, giving a low-pitched repetitive call.
3884:
3495:
3348:
3227:
3112:
3078:
3016:
2837:
2691:
2683:
2376:
2248:
2233:
1208:
1196:
1192:
1183:, commercial international trade is prohibited. Internationally,
1079:
1075:
1059:
862:
836:
444:
343:, he placed the Nicobar pigeon with all the other pigeons in the
3871:
3625:
3564:
3340:
3332:
3261:
3201:
3085:
3023:
2906:
2573:
2568:
2446:
1195:
is decreasing. The offshore islets which it requires are often
1117:
1031:
866:
813:
469:
447:
359:
and cited Albin's work. The species is now placed in the genus
118:
1558:
Tim H. Heupink, Hein van Grouw, David M. Lambert (July 2014).
792:
without a comprehensive study of all major lineages of living
4076:
3946:
3511:
3298:
2861:
1798:"The Nicobar Pigeon Gizzard Stone: Going Extinct For Jewelry"
1113:
1091:
1051:
832:
495:
427:
416:
344:
288:
276:
81:
75:
1490:
1488:
1203:, destroyed by construction activity, or polluted by nearby
3487:
2854:
2817:
2787:
2201:
2167:
1852:
1838:(2nd ed.). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
1318:
1212:
1109:
988:
886:
642:
463:
459:
451:
437:
306:
268:
138:
472:
7 sequence data agrees with the idea of the Raphinae as a
3609:
2466:
2228:
1519:
1485:
1188:
1176:
869:
498:
consisting of generally ground-dwelling island endemics.
1398:; published 1925 by American Baptist Mission Press; pp.
271:
found on small islands and in coastal regions from the
2069:
1545:
1324:
3759:
1882:
Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (Navy)
861:) is a more recently extinct species from an unknown
1457:
1046:
The Nicobar pigeon's breeding range encompasses the
635:
612:
352:. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
305:, and is the closest living relative of the extinct
261:
2758:
1981:"Lighthouses of India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands"
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1876:Andaman & Nicobar Region News, September 2007
1350:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690974A93297507.en
788:Whether it is possible to clarify such deep-time
4122:
1888:. Version of 2005-JAN-19. Retrieved 2009-MAY-22.
1625:
987:found the lighthouse tower "totally covered" in
785:, which seems to be part of the same radiation.
2030:
1936:
1891:
1857:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
1541:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1509:
1494:
2152:
1116:and buds, and it is attracted to areas where
2666:
1892:Johnson, Kevin P.; Clayton, Dale H. (2000).
1690:
1666:"Bardi Jawi rangers discover Nicobar pigeon"
1608:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1175:. The species is also trapped for the local
808: – most likely some time between 56-34
487:, to which the Nicobar pigeon also belongs.
291:. It is the only living member of the genus
1989:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1691:Collins, Ben; Mills, Vanessa (5 May 2017).
1651:Sankaran (1998), IHMDN (2005), ICG (2007),
1396:Dictionary of the Car (Nicobarese) language
962:a dozen metres high, standing a few metres
913:
816:, which makes up the bulk of the Paleogene
2159:
2145:
53:
29:
2089:
1954:
1762:
1717:
1585:
1575:
1444:. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 59.
1348:
4141:Birds of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2001:
1414:
1187:is able to supply the birds demanded by
1125:from behind and may serve as a sort of "
1078:, and many of the small islands between
1041:
2166:
1978:
1652:
1307:Nicobar pigeon at Munich Zoo Hellabrunn
369:in 1840 with the Nicobar pigeon as the
4123:
1833:
1768:
329:. When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist
4131:IUCN Red List near threatened species
3810:
3809:
2651:
2140:
1902:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1699:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1473:. International Ornithologists' Union
1453:
1451:
998:
765:subfamily. And while any of the semi-
719:, as well as in the inclusion of the
450:(Raphinae), which include the famous
3718:
1795:
1434:
1062:, offshore islands of south-western
3742:
1336:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1257:Milwaukee County Zoological Gardens
13:
1448:
1003:A Nicobar pigeon was found by the
796:remains to be seen. The primitive
745:Raphinae), as are for example the
14:
4182:
2620:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
2118:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3741:
3729:
3717:
3706:
3705:
3596:(New World vultures and condors)
2108:
1970:
1471:IOC World Bird List Version 10.1
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1248:
1233:
321:In 1738, the English naturalist
95:
2127:at the Internet Bird Collection
2077:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1814:
1789:
1769:Laurie, Victoria (5 May 2017).
1737:
1718:Wahlquist, Calla (5 May 2017).
1711:
1684:
1658:
1645:
1616:
1551:
1325:BirdLife International (2016).
1166:
952:Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
403:to New Guinea, Philippines and
2652:
1428:
1408:
1388:
1364:
922:(which are referred to in its
879:
1:
2052:10.1126/science.295.5560.1683
1312:
1022:measures, it was reported to
480:) that was part of a diverse
365:erected by English zoologist
1979:Rowlett, Russ (2008-10-01).
1295:Nicobar pigeon in a U.S. zoo
1155:with a juvenile captured at
1143:In 2017, several individual
7:
4171:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3660:(woodpeckers and relatives)
1048:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
316:
273:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
10:
4187:
3522:(cormorants and relatives)
2615:Extinct species since 1500
2131:Nicobar Pigeon Breed Guide
1826:
1622:Fuller (2000): p. 174–175.
1538:Johnson & Clayton 2000
1510:Johnson & Clayton 2000
1226:
1014:in the western Kimberley,
954:was destroyed, Batti Malv
727:at the base of the clade.
725:thick-billed ground pigeon
327:A Natural History of Birds
3818:
3701:
3652:(kingfishers and rollers)
3584:
3539:
3506:(albatrosses and petrels)
3478:
3449:
3420:
3399:
3390:(swifts and hummingbirds)
3372:(nightjars and relatives)
3360:
3323:
3314:
3281:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3222:
3196:(pheasants and relatives)
3171:
3095:
3054:
2992:
2964:
2940:
2916:
2889:
2810:
2797:
2754:
2727:
2723:
2662:
2658:
2647:
2643:
2582:
2485:
2385:
2335:
2262:
2192:
2179:
2065:Supplementary information
1956:10.1080/10635150701549672
1259:with iridescent scapulars
948:2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
633:
610:
603:
581:
574:
567:
560:
540:
533:
513:
506:
227:
220:
197:
190:
92:Scientific classification
90:
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
3551:(seriemas and relatives)
3530:(pelicans and relatives)
1985:The Lighthouse Directory
1878:. Retrieved 2009-MAY-22.
1577:10.1186/1471-2148-14-136
1343:: e.T22690974A93297507.
1179:market, but as it is on
1034:. Green Island Resort's
1018:in May 2017. As part of
914:Distribution and habitat
751:Didunculus strigirostris
516:Didunculus strigirostris
38:An adult Nicobar pigeon
4166:Birds described in 1758
3644:(hornbills and hoopoes)
3559:(falcons and relatives)
2019:: 17–22. Archived from
1642:Grimmett et al. (2009).
547:Victoria crowned pigeon
262:
3628:(trogons and quetzals)
3440:(cranes and relatives)
2710:(emus and cassowaries)
2600:Glossary of bird terms
2412:Confuciusornithiformes
2105:Supplementary Material
1915:10.1006/mpev.1999.0682
1834:Fuller, Errol (2000).
1670:Kimberley Land Council
1159:(One Arm Point), near
297:alongside the extinct
281:Indonesian Archipelago
4064:Paleobiology Database
3469:(kagu and sunbittern)
3432:(gulls and relatives)
2437:Songlingornithiformes
2402:Omnivoropterygiformes
2091:10.1093/molbev/msj124
1042:Behaviour and ecology
1036:environmental manager
3291:Phoenicopteriformes
2133:from Pigeonpedia.com
2125:Nicobar Pigeon media
2033:"Flight of the Dodo"
2002:Sankaran, R (1998).
1394:Whitehead, Rev. G.;
1372:"Appendices | CITES"
1271:Close up of the head
1147:were sighted in the
1094:, the only distinct
855:Spotted green pigeon
733:is a quite singular
299:spotted green pigeon
4156:Birds of South Asia
4108:Caloenas-nicobarica
3877:caloenas-nicobarica
3850:Caloenas nicobarica
3820:Caloenas nicobarica
3262:Mesitornithiformes
3256:(doves and pigeons)
2590:Families and orders
2452:Ichthyornithiformes
2427:Patagopterygiformes
1542:Shapiro et al. 2002
1526:Pereira et al. 2007
1514:Shapiro et al. 2002
1495:Shapiro et al. 2002
1436:Gray, George Robert
1329:Caloenas nicobarica
1145:Caloenas nicobarica
1068:Peninsular Malaysia
1030:, off the coast of
747:tooth-billed pigeon
620:Rodrigues solitaire
616:Pezophaps solitaria
585:Caloenas nicobarica
520:tooth-billed pigeon
311:Rodrigues solitaire
279:, east through the
252:Caloenas nicobarica
233:Linnaeus, 1758
201:Caloenas nicobarica
45:Conservation status
4161:Birds of Melanesia
3604:(eagles and hawks)
3504:Procellariiformes
3409:Opisthocomiformes
3378:Steatornithiformes
2605:List by population
2442:Hongshanornithidae
2367:Evolution of birds
1943:Systematic Biology
1872:Indian Coast Guard
1796:Bereford, Denise.
1461:; Donsker, David;
1056:Mergui Archipelago
1008:Indigenous rangers
999:Found in Australia
978:Indian Coast Guard
936:wildlife sanctuary
872:. It is placed in
367:George Robert Gray
357:Columba nicobarica
230:Columba nicobarica
183:C. nicobarica
4118:
4117:
4051:Open Tree of Life
3812:Taxon identifiers
3757:
3756:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3490:(loons or divers)
3459:Phaethontiformes
3451:Phaethontimorphae
3401:Opisthocomiformes
3370:Caprimulgiformes
3310:
3309:
3299:Podicipediformes
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
2936:
2935:
2719:
2718:
2676:Struthioniformes
2544:Waterfowl hunting
2477:Gastornithiformes
2472:Aepyornithiformes
2462:Lithornithiformes
1864:978-0-691-04910-6
1845:978-0-19-850837-3
1546:Slack et al. 2006
1463:Rasmussen, Pamela
1153:Western Australia
1012:Dampier Peninsula
810:million years ago
708:
707:
699:
698:
690:
689:
681:
680:
672:
671:
663:
662:
654:
653:
639:Raphus cucullatus
456:Raphus cucullatus
401:Malay Archipelago
239:
238:
85:
68:
4178:
4146:Birds of Malesia
4111:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4085:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4059:
4058:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4032:
4020:
4019:
4007:
4006:
3994:
3993:
3981:
3980:
3968:
3967:
3955:
3954:
3942:
3941:
3929:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3893:
3892:
3890:0FFC77EF1BC55357
3880:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3807:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3786:
3785:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3745:
3744:
3733:
3721:
3720:
3709:
3708:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3634:Leptosomiformes
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3602:Accipitriformes
3597:
3576:
3575:(perching birds)
3568:
3560:
3552:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3496:Sphenisciformes
3491:
3470:
3462:
3441:
3433:
3430:Charadriiformes
3412:
3391:
3373:
3352:
3344:
3341:Musophagiformes
3336:
3321:
3320:
3302:
3294:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3224:
3223:
3197:
3184:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2951:
2864:
2857:
2821:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2725:
2724:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2512:Bird collections
2467:Dinornithiformes
2372:Darwin's finches
2362:Origin of flight
2302:Seabird breeding
2292:Sexual selection
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2113:
2112:
2103:
2093:
2084:(6): 1144–1155.
2063:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1933:
1931:
1925:. Archived from
1898:
1884:(IHMDN) (2005):
1868:
1849:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1555:
1549:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1507:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1412:
1406:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1322:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1255:An adult at the
1252:
1237:
1185:captive breeding
1181:CITES Appendix I
1120:is available. A
1099:C. n. pelewensis
928:scientific names
905:C. n. pelewensis
779:imperial-pigeons
637:
614:
606:
605:
577:
576:
570:
569:
563:
562:
536:
535:
509:
508:
502:
501:
462:. In any case,
410:C. n. pelewensis
385:C. n. nicobarica
380:are recognised:
265:
234:
203:
100:
99:
79:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4101:
4093:
4088:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4038:Observation.org
4036:
4028:
4023:
4015:
4010:
4002:
3997:
3989:
3984:
3976:
3971:
3963:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3909:
3901:
3896:
3888:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3814:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3665:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3642:Bucerotiformes
3636:(cuckoo-roller)
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3594:Cathartiformes
3580:
3574:
3566:
3565:Psittaciformes
3558:
3550:
3535:
3529:
3528:Pelecaniformes
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3474:
3468:
3467:Eurypygiformes
3460:
3445:
3439:
3431:
3416:
3410:
3395:
3389:
3371:
3356:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3306:
3300:
3292:
3277:
3271:
3270:Pterocliformes
3263:
3255:
3206:
3195:
3182:
3167:
3091:
3050:
2988:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2912:
2885:
2862:
2855:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2801:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2715:
2709:
2708:Casuariiformes
2701:
2700:Apterygiformes
2693:
2685:
2677:
2654:
2639:
2610:Lists by region
2578:
2488:
2481:
2422:Chaoyangiformes
2407:Jeholornithidae
2381:
2345:Origin of birds
2331:
2312:Brood parasites
2258:
2188:
2175:
2165:
2121:
2116:
2107:
2035:
2023:
2006:
1993:
1991:
1969:
1929:
1896:
1865:
1846:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1601:
1600:
1556:
1552:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1465:, eds. (2020).
1456:
1449:
1433:
1429:
1413:
1409:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1242:Henrik Grønvold
1238:
1229:
1221:near threatened
1169:
1088:Solomon Islands
1044:
1001:
920:Nicobar Islands
916:
882:
827:bones found on
798:molecular clock
755:crowned pigeons
721:pheasant pigeon
709:
700:
691:
682:
673:
664:
655:
405:Solomon Islands
397:Nicobar Islands
336:Systema Naturae
319:
232:
216:
205:
199:
186:
94:
86:
69:
60:Near Threatened
58:
54:
47:
24:Nicobar pigeon
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
4184:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4151:Birds of Palau
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4099:
4086:
4073:
4060:
4047:
4034:
4021:
4008:
3995:
3982:
3969:
3956:
3943:
3930:
3920:
3907:
3894:
3881:
3868:
3855:
3840:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3803:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3739:
3727:
3715:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3655:
3650:Coraciiformes
3647:
3639:
3631:
3626:Trogoniformes
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:Passeriformes
3570:
3562:
3557:Falconiformes
3554:
3549:Cariamiformes
3545:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3512:Ciconiiformes
3509:
3501:
3493:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3426:
3424:
3422:Cursorimorphae
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3329:
3327:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3283:Mirandornithes
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3254:Columbiformes
3250:
3248:
3246:Columbimorphae
3239:
3230:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3191:
3186:
3181:Meleagridinae
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3099:
3097:Odontophoridae
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2876:Stictonettinae
2873:
2871:Dendrocygninae
2868:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2824:
2822:
2805:
2792:
2749:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2656:
2655:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:Notable birds
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2574:Egg collecting
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Hesperornithes
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:Ambiortiformes
2429:
2424:
2419:
2417:Enantiornithes
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2120:
2119:External links
2117:
2115:
2114:
2067:
2046:(5560): 1683.
2028:
2026:on 2011-06-10.
1999:
1976:
1949:(4): 656–672.
1934:
1932:on 2005-10-16.
1909:(1): 141–151.
1889:
1879:
1874:(ICG) (2007):
1869:
1863:
1850:
1844:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1813:
1788:
1775:The Australian
1761:
1736:
1710:
1683:
1657:
1653:Rowlett (2008)
1644:
1624:
1615:
1550:
1530:
1518:
1499:
1484:
1447:
1427:
1416:Linnaeus, Carl
1407:
1387:
1363:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1168:
1165:
1043:
1040:
1000:
997:
960:skeletal tower
915:
912:
881:
878:
771:Southeast Asia
706:
705:
702:
701:
697:
696:
693:
692:
688:
687:
684:
683:
679:
678:
675:
674:
670:
669:
666:
665:
661:
660:
657:
656:
652:
651:
648:
647:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
609:
604:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
590:Nicobar pigeon
580:
575:
573:
568:
566:
561:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
543:Goura victoria
539:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
512:
507:
505:
500:
490:The following
420:
419:
407:
318:
315:
243:Nicobar pigeon
237:
236:
225:
224:
218:
217:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
178:
174:
173:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
74:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4183:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3750:
3749:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3610:Strigiformes
3608:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3461:(tropicbirds)
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3383:Podargiformes
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:Cuculiformes
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:Macrocephalon
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2918:Anseranatidae
2915:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:Tinamiformes
2690:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2668:Palaeognathae
2665:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:Pigeon racing
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
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2448:
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2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2396:Archaeopteryx
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
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2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
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2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1836:Extinct Birds
1832:
1831:
1817:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:BMC Evol Biol
1561:
1554:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:C. nicobarica
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1122:gizzard stone
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:
996:
994:
990:
986:
985:
979:
975:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
911:
908:
906:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
877:
875:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
846:
845:Kanaka pigeon
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:New Caledonia
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:miscalibrated
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:autapomorphic
737:(though less
736:
732:
731:C. nicobarica
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
704:
703:
695:
694:
686:
685:
677:
676:
668:
667:
659:
658:
650:
649:
646:
644:
640:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
621:
617:
608:
607:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
591:
587:
586:
579:
578:
572:
571:
565:
564:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
548:
544:
538:
537:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
521:
517:
511:
510:
504:
503:
499:
497:
493:
488:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
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461:
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429:
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411:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
382:
381:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
363:
358:
355:
354:binomial name
351:
350:
346:
342:
341:tenth edition
338:
337:
332:
331:Carl Linnaeus
328:
324:
323:Eleazar Albin
314:
312:
308:
304:
303:Kanaka pigeon
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
264:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
235:
231:
226:
223:
219:
214:
210:
204:
202:
196:
193:
192:Binomial name
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:Columbiformes
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
77:
72:
66:
61:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3819:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3620:(mousebirds)
3618:Coliiformes
3488:Gaviiformes
3480:Aequornithes
3388:Apodiformes
3349:Otidiformes
3325:Otidimorphae
3272:(sandgrouse)
3194:Phasianinae
3160:
3153:
3146:
3141:Odontophorus
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2979:Oreophasinae
2925:
2905:
2898:
2803:(waterfowls)
2799:Anseriformes
2549:Cockfighting
2534:Conservation
2529:Bird feeding
2517:Birdwatching
2507:Ornithomancy
2447:Gansuiformes
2394:
2387:Fossil birds
2277:Intelligence
2081:
2075:
2043:
2039:
2021:the original
2016:
2010:
1992:. Retrieved
1984:
1946:
1942:
1927:the original
1906:
1900:
1854:
1835:
1816:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1774:
1764:
1753:. Retrieved
1751:. 2023-11-10
1748:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1724:The Guardian
1723:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1696:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1672:. 5 May 2017
1669:
1660:
1647:
1618:
1604:cite journal
1567:
1563:
1553:
1533:
1521:
1475:. Retrieved
1470:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1340:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1240:Painting by
1216:
1170:
1167:Conservation
1144:
1142:
1135:
1131:conspecifics
1103:
1098:
1045:
1028:Green Island
1002:
983:
972:
917:
909:
904:
895:
883:
873:
858:
850:C. canacorum
848:
840:
822:
787:
758:
750:
730:
729:
716:
712:
710:
638:
634:
615:
611:
589:
584:
583:
582:
542:
541:
515:
514:
489:
467:β-fibrinogen
455:
432:
426:analysis of
421:
417:Palau Island
409:
384:
375:
371:type species
360:
356:
347:
334:
333:updated his
326:
320:
292:
260:
251:
250:
247:Nicobar dove
246:
242:
240:
229:
228:
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
18:
3973:iNaturalist
3844:Wikispecies
3748:WikiProject
3658:Piciformes
3541:Australaves
3520:Suliformes
3438:Gruiformes
3293:(flamingos)
3202:Tetraoninae
3173:Phasianidae
3162:Rhynchortyx
3127:Dactylortyx
2994:Megapodidae
2984:Penelopinae
2942:Galliformes
2684:Rheiformes
2678:(ostriches)
2628:individuals
2502:Ornithology
2489:interaction
2244:Preen gland
1820:BLI (2009).
1802:Pigeonpedia
1729:11 November
1703:11 November
1676:11 November
1459:Gill, Frank
1356:13 November
1201:plantations
1084:Philippines
1070:, southern
1020:biosecurity
968:survey ship
940:Car Nicobar
934:, a remote
898:iridescence
880:Description
859:C. maculata
839:species of
812:during the
790:phylogenies
783:fruit-doves
769:pigeons of
767:terrestrial
735:columbiform
482:Indopacific
478:apomorphies
431:cytochrome
4125:Categories
4103:Xeno-canto
3498:(penguins)
3351:(bustards)
3189:Perdicinae
3134:Dendrortyx
3106:Callipepla
3038:Megapodius
3003:Aepypodius
2881:Tadorninae
2863:true geese
2694:(tinamous)
2653:Neornithes
2564:Pheasantry
2539:Aviculture
2307:Incubation
2297:Lek mating
1994:2009-05-22
1807:2023-08-11
1755:2023-11-28
1381:2022-01-14
1313:References
1215:considers
1151:region of
1101:is found.
1096:subspecies
1024:quarantine
1005:Bardi Jawi
993:succession
958: – a
956:lighthouse
932:Batti Malv
902:subspecies
893:are dark.
794:Columbidae
753:) and the
743:flightless
717:Didunculus
391:, 1758) –
378:subspecies
159:Columbidae
78:Appendix I
3567:(parrots)
3411:(hoatzin)
3362:Strisores
3343:(turacos)
3335:(cuckoos)
3264:(mesites)
3183:(turkeys)
3155:Philortyx
3072:Agelastes
3065:Acryllium
3056:Numididae
3045:Talegalla
2955:gamebirds
2948:landfowls
2927:Anseranas
2891:Anhimidae
2850:Anserinae
2633:fictional
2355:dinosaurs
2350:Theropoda
2337:Evolution
2282:Migration
2264:Behaviour
1467:"Pigeons"
1376:cites.org
1223:species.
1173:jewellery
1157:Ardyaloon
1149:Kimberley
1127:taillight
1106:predators
1016:Australia
973:Sandhayak
825:subfossil
806:Paleogene
763:monotypic
741:than the
492:cladogram
485:radiation
474:subfamily
441:sequences
424:cladistic
422:Based on
415:, 1875 –
283:, to the
263:ma-kūö-kö
177:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
4136:Caloenas
4077:Species+
4017:22690974
3991:11284552
3903:22690974
3898:BirdLife
3864:Caloenas
3829:Wikidata
3712:Category
3586:Afroaves
3514:(storks)
3316:Passerea
3301:(grebes)
3237:Columbea
3148:Oreortyx
3120:Cyrtonyx
3010:Alectura
2974:Cracinae
2966:Cracidae
2843:Oxyurini
2833:Aythyini
2828:Anatinae
2812:Anatidae
2559:Falconry
2522:big year
2377:Seabirds
2287:Foraging
2234:Feathers
2100:16533822
2060:11872833
2012:Forktail
1965:17661233
1923:10631048
1777:. Sydney
1749:ABC News
1697:ABC News
1596:25027719
1477:21 March
1438:(1840).
1418:(1758).
1209:harbours
1205:industry
1086:and the
1072:Cambodia
1064:Thailand
938:between
874:Caloenas
867:European
841:Caloenas
775:Wallacea
773:and the
723:and the
436:and 12S
389:Linnaeus
362:Caloenas
339:for the
317:Taxonomy
294:Caloenas
285:Solomons
222:Synonyms
209:Linnaeus
170:Caloenas
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
4056:1032058
3965:5231891
3952:nicpig1
3926:nicpig1
3885:Avibase
3835:Q605804
3800:Biology
3788:Animals
3762:Portals
3724:Commons
3228:Neoaves
3113:Colinus
3079:Guttera
3017:Eulipoa
2838:Mergini
2702:(kiwis)
2686:(rheas)
2497:Ringing
2322:Hybrids
2317:Nesting
2272:Singing
2249:Plumage
2224:Dactyly
2194:Anatomy
2184:Outline
2174:: Aves)
2040:Science
1827:Sources
1587:4099497
1570:: 136.
1227:Gallery
1193:habitat
1080:Sumatra
1076:Vietnam
1060:Myanmar
1010:on the
980:vessel
944:Teressa
918:On the
863:Pacific
837:extinct
448:didines
445:extinct
393:Andaman
349:Columba
267:) is a
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
63: (
4069:372845
4030:187106
4004:177272
3916:103610
3872:ARKive
3736:Portal
3612:(owls)
3086:Numida
3024:Leipoa
2907:Chauna
2900:Anhima
2595:Genera
2569:Imping
2487:Human
2327:Colony
2254:Vision
2239:Flight
2098:
2058:
1963:
1921:
1861:
1842:
1594:
1584:
1197:logged
1161:Broome
1082:, the
1054:, the
1032:Cairns
984:Vikram
946:. The
924:common
891:irises
843:, the
818:period
814:Eocene
470:intron
413:Finsch
4043:72539
3986:IRMNG
3947:eBird
3923:BOW:
3776:Birds
2856:swans
2818:ducks
2788:fowls
2583:Lists
2207:Brain
2172:class
2168:Birds
2036:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
2007:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1897:(PDF)
1781:5 May
1404:xxxii
1118:grain
1114:fruit
1110:seeds
1092:Palau
1090:. On
1052:India
989:vines
982:ICGS
835:, an
833:Tonga
823:From
759:Goura
713:Goura
496:clade
428:mtDNA
345:genus
289:Palau
277:India
82:CITES
76:CITES
4095:3220
4082:7286
4025:NCBI
4012:IUCN
3999:ITIS
3978:3643
3960:GBIF
3939:PY9S
3911:BOLD
2229:Eggs
2217:milk
2212:Crop
2202:Beak
2096:PMID
2056:PMID
1961:PMID
1919:PMID
1859:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1783:2017
1731:2019
1705:2019
1678:2019
1610:link
1592:PMID
1479:2020
1400:xxvi
1358:2021
1341:2016
1213:IUCN
1199:for
1189:zoos
1074:and
971:INS
942:and
926:and
887:cere
870:rats
831:and
781:and
715:and
643:dodo
464:nDNA
460:taxa
452:dodo
438:rRNA
395:and
376:Two
309:and
307:dodo
301:and
287:and
269:bird
241:The
213:1758
139:Aves
4090:TSA
3934:CoL
3859:ADW
2086:doi
2048:doi
2044:295
1951:doi
1911:doi
1582:PMC
1572:doi
1345:doi
1207:or
1177:pet
1138:egg
1058:of
1050:of
964:ASL
257:Car
245:or
4127::
4105::
4092::
4079::
4066::
4053::
4040::
4027::
4014::
4001::
3988::
3975::
3962::
3949::
3936::
3913::
3900::
3887::
3874::
3861::
3846::
3831::
2094:.
2082:23
2080:.
2074:.
2054:.
2042:.
2038:.
2017:13
2015:.
2009:.
1987:.
1983:.
1959:.
1947:56
1945:.
1941:.
1917:.
1907:14
1905:.
1899:.
1800:.
1773:.
1747:.
1722:.
1695:.
1668:.
1627:^
1606:}}
1602:{{
1590:.
1580:.
1568:14
1566:.
1562:.
1544:;
1540:;
1512:;
1502:^
1487:^
1469:.
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