464:
42:
460:, transforming the issue from one of scientific concern to one of political controversy." In a 2010 paper, Nierenberg's son Nicolas disputes each of these points, arguing that the scientific conclusions of the report reflected the current consensus and pointing out that other climate reports from the time also stopped short of recommending near-term energy-policy changes.
253:(1966–1986), which produced scientific advances such as the discovery of deep-sea hydrocarbons, the finding that the Mediterranean Sea had once been a closed basin and even a dry seabed, and confirmation that present ocean basins are young. The project became the first multi-institutional, international collaboration in science and a model for later projects.
288:
Nierenberg served on a large number of panels and advisory committees, primarily after he returned from NATO. In 1971 he was appointed chairman of the
National Academy of Sciences National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere and served on this committee until 1977. He served on various panels
455:
similarly cited the report in reversing previous commitments to renewable energy research. Oreskes and Conway contend that the chapters written by the economists differ from those written by the scientists, that the policy recommendations reflect mainly the views of the economists, and that
355:, an Act of Congress was passed requesting the National Academy of Science to review what was known about climate change. Nierenberg was appointed by the Academy to chair the committee to produce this report. The committee was made up of prominent physical scientists and two economists,
229:
laboratory, graduating 40 PhD’s during this time and publishing about 100 papers. He was responsible for the determination of more nuclear moments than any other single individual. This work was cited when he was elected to the
National Academy of Sciences in 1971.
363:
of
Harvard. Schelling and many of the scientists had served on committees for two previous reports for the Carter administration, which had highlighted global warming as a potentially major problem, and Nordhaus was developing a new model for growth in
237:
Hudson
Laboratories, working on naval warfare problems. Later, he oversaw the design and construction of the “new” physics building at Berkeley. Much later (1960–1962) he took leave once again as Assistant Secretary General of the
249:(SIO). Nierenberg was director of SIO for 21 years, the longest serving director to date. During his tenure, five modern research vessels joined the Scripps fleet and the institution’s budget increased fivefold. He oversaw the
722:
316:
from 1978 to 1982 and served as its first chairman. He was
Chairman of the OSTP Acid Rain Peer Review Panel, whose report "Acid Rain" was published in 1984. The report encouraged the administration to curb
1249:
447:, and Matthew Shindell have argued that Nierenberg's report marked the genesis of climate change debates that would ensue over the subsequent decades. Reagan administration science advisor
1891:
467:
The
William Nierenberg Rose Garden at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, outside the Director's office, March 2024. The plaque reads: "Physicist. Rose lover. Director".
1242:
1043:
884:
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Nierenberg, the committee chairman, personally rejected an emerging consensus view on global warming among climate scientists, and "in doing so arguably launched the
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1235:
1941:
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The policy recommendations have proved controversial, and it decelerated calls for quick action on climate change in the media and
Washington. Historians
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305:
412:
Sea level might rise 70 cm over a century from thermal expansion, and melting of alpine glaciers. There was great uncertainty of the fate of the
1186:
Charles F. Kennel, Richard S. Lindzen, and Walter Munk, "William Aaron
Nierenberg", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2004)
190:
409:
Warming at equilibrium would be 2-3 times as great over the polar regions as over the tropics; and probably greater over the arctic (page 30)
309:
793:
1906:
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cited the report in arguing against “unwarranted and unnecessarily alarmist” conclusions of the
Environmental Protection Agency, and
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1856:
428:
is a cause for concern but not panic; a program of action without a program for learning would be costly and ineffective (page 61)
242:(NATO) in charge of scientific affairs, where he oversaw many international studies on physics and advanced defense technologies.
1916:
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1072:
1044:"From Chicken Little to Dr. Pangloss: William Nierenberg, Global Warming, and the Social Deconstruction of Scientific Knowledge"
676:
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1016:
261:
622:
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1936:
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1209:
647:
304:, and served on many military-related panels. In 1976 he was appointed one of two senior consultants to the newly formed
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222:
110:
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A building and a rose garden on the campus of the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography are named for him, and the
379:
report, which was released in October 1983, were largely in line with the previous reports. Its key points were:
269:
1318:
1137:
348:. Nierenberg supported this work and intervened personally when research funds for the program were threatened.
1117:
1060:
265:
1741:
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630:
686:
477:
257:
154:
480:, and a critic of the scientific consensus on the role of human produced COâ‚‚ emissions in climate change.
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178:
217:
In 1948, Nierenberg took up his first academic staff position, as Assistant Professor of Physics at the
352:
17:
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416:; disintegration could lead to sea-level rise of 5 to 6 m over several hundred years (page 42)
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Nierenberg gained national recognition for his contributions to science. He was elected to the
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106:
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820:
233:
During this period, in 1953, Nierenberg took a one-year leave to serve as the director of the
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313:
201:. He went on to graduate work at Columbia, but from 1941 spent the war years seconded to the
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8:
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in 1971 and to the governing Council of the Academy in 1979. He was also elected to the
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A careful, well-designed program of monitoring and analysis is needed to detect the CO
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from 1972 to 1978 and was appointed for another term from November 1982 to May 1988.
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185:(CCNY), where he won a scholarship to spend his junior year abroad in France at the
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1097:"Early Climate Change Consensus at the National Academy: The Origins and Making of
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1004:
942:
924:"Early Climate Change Consensus at the National Academy: The Origins and Making of
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406:-induced climate change shows these to be based on misleading analysis (page 28)
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for Science in the Public Interest has been started. Some recipients have been
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fellowship from the City College. Also in 1939, he participated in research at
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221:. From 1950 to 1965, he was Associate and then Professor of Physics at the
922:
Nierenberg, Nicolas; Tschinkel, Walter R.; Tschinkel, Victoria J. (2010).
197:, where he took a course in statistical mechanics from his future mentor,
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571:
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Nierenberg was born on February 13, 1919, at 213 E. 13th Street, on the
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Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee
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Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee
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402:. Careful review of dissenting inferences suggesting negligible CO
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96:
915:
276:. In 1987, he was awarded the Delmer S. Fahrney Medal from the
141:(February 13, 1919 – September 10, 2000) was an American
452:
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in 1983. In 1981, Nierenberg became a founding member of the
1090:
921:
868:"Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change"
566:
1892:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
620:
Oral History interview transcript with William Nierenberg
979:. Marshall Institute. September 12, 2000. Archived from
225:, where he had a very large and productive low energy
1034:
909:
897:
840:
329:
Nierenberg took a strong interest in the problem of
245:
In 1965, Nierenberg was asked to be director of the
209:, before returning to Columbia to complete his PhD.
476:Nierenberg subsequently became a co-founder of the
306:
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
153:from 1965 through 1986. He was a co-founder of the
1003:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 1983.
633:, Niels Bohr Library and Archives, 6 February 1986
420:The report also contained policy recommendations:
1838:
644:"Putnam Competition Individual and Team Winners"
1902:Founding members of the World Cultural Council
941:(3). University of California Press: 318–349.
189:. In 1939, he became the first recipient of a
173:, the son of very poor Jewish immigrants from
1942:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1243:
969:
815:
813:
310:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
337:, Scripps had begun a program of monitoring
1867:Scripps Institution of Oceanography faculty
860:
858:
672:
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1882:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
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1236:
1109:Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
1052:Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
935:Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
810:
387:"doubling" (to 600 ppm) was 2065 (page 21)
368:emissions, the first which did not assume
40:
704:. American Academy of Arts & Sciences
599:
855:
661:
562:
560:
462:
280:for outstanding leadership in science.
14:
1839:
375:The scientific facts of the resulting
291:President's Science Advisory Committee
1231:
887:from the original on 15 January 2022.
823:. University of California, San Diego
615:
613:
611:
557:
471:
262:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
864:
821:"In Memoriam: William A. Nierenberg"
794:"Institute Will Honor 10 Scientists"
576:"Obituary: William Aaron Nierenberg"
333:. Under his predecessor at Scripps,
1210:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
910:Oreskes, Conway & Shindell 2008
898:Oreskes, Conway & Shindell 2008
841:Oreskes, Conway & Shindell 2008
648:Mathematical Association of America
300:Nierenberg was a consultant to the
247:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
151:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
115:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
24:
1907:Townsend Harris High School alumni
791:
636:
608:
283:
240:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
223:University of California, Berkeley
111:University of California, Berkeley
25:
1953:
1932:Members of JASON (advisory group)
1156:
1095:; Tschinkel, Victoria J. (2010).
865:Rich, Nathaniel (5 August 2018).
749:. National Academy of Engineering
390:Global warming due to doubling CO
1922:Scientists from New York (state)
1857:City College of New York alumni
846:
308:(OSTP). He was a member of the
270:National Academy of Engineering
1917:University of Michigan faculty
1118:University of California Press
1061:University of California Press
785:
760:
739:
715:
691:
266:American Philosophical Society
13:
1:
991:
977:"Remembering Bill Nierenberg"
631:American Institute of Physics
160:
1927:George C. Marshall Institute
1042:; Shindell, Matthew (2008).
687:National Academy of Sciences
478:George C. Marshall Institute
383:The most probable date of CO
351:In October 1980, during the
258:National Academy of Sciences
155:George C. Marshall Institute
7:
1912:Columbia University faculty
1847:American nuclear physicists
873:The New York Times Magazine
531:
435:signal on climate (page 76)
179:Townsend Harris High School
10:
1958:
1937:20th-century American Jews
1887:Jewish American physicists
1862:Columbia University alumni
1126:10.1525/hsns.2010.40.3.318
1069:10.1525/hsns.2008.38.1.109
947:10.1525/hsns.2010.40.3.318
324:
1266:
1216:
1206:
1198:
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1027:is also available at the
852:Nierenberg (2010), p. 336
483:
293:. He was a member of the
251:Deep Sea Drilling Project
212:
132:
120:
102:
92:
85:
71:
63:
48:
39:
32:
1897:Manhattan Project people
1258:Founding members of the
1175:New York Times Obituary
550:
414:West Antarctic Ice Sheet
394:is likely to be between
302:National Security Agency
183:City College of New York
149:and was director of the
139:William Aaron Nierenberg
80:City College of New York
1319:André Frédéric Cournand
1260:World Cultural Council
772:World Cultural Council
468:
398:, as suggested by the
295:National Science Board
274:World Cultural Council
219:University of Michigan
107:University of Michigan
1575:Marshall W. Nirenberg
1570:William A. Nierenberg
1530:Vernon B. Mountcastle
1339:Jean-François Denisse
1271:Christian B. Anfinsen
1091:Nierenberg, Nicolas;
466:
458:climate change debate
449:George A. Keyworth II
370:linear extrapolations
191:William Lowell Putnam
1670:William G. Schneider
1665:Menahem Max Schiffer
1649:Hakim Muhammad Saeed
1623:Chintamani N. R. Rao
1361:Jacques-Émile Dubois
1093:Tschinkel, Walter R.
727:search.amphilsoc.org
723:"APS Member History"
699:"Book of Members: N"
682:Biographical Memoirs
1603:Comlan A. A. Quenum
1565:Bernhard H. Neumann
1462:Vassos Karageorghis
1399:José Rafael Estrada
1327:Eduardo de Robertis
1194:Government offices
592:2001PhT....54f..74T
235:Columbia University
195:Columbia University
187:University of Paris
76:Columbia University
1796:Eugene van Tamelen
1785:Jean L. F. Tricart
1775:Jan Peter Toennies
1761:Peter C. Thonemann
1723:Heikki Suomalainen
1661:Stuart J. Saunders
1639:Stanley K. Runcorn
1635:Abraham J. A. Roux
1613:G. N. Ramachandran
1550:Jayant V. Narlikar
1545:Ilie G. Murgulescu
1535:Robert S. Mulliken
1494:William D. McElroy
1336:Guy Blaudin de Thé
1294:Christiaan Barnard
1143:on 24 October 2016
677:William Nierenberg
625:2015-01-12 at the
539:Merchants of Doubt
506:David Attenborough
472:Marshall Institute
469:
278:Franklin Institute
207:isotope separation
145:who worked on the
67:September 10, 2000
34:William Nierenberg
27:American physicist
1834:
1833:
1811:William J. Whelan
1770:Alexander R. Todd
1765:Phillip V. Tobias
1719:Frederick Stewart
1689:Leonard T. Skeggs
1515:Desmond J. Morris
1482:Georges B. Koelle
1449:Adrian Kantrowitz
1444:Reginald V. Jones
1426:Alfred D. Hershey
1396:Kenneth O. Emergy
1342:Venancio Deulofeu
1332:Cornelis de Jager
1226:
1225:
1220:Edward A. Frieman
1217:Succeeded by
1171:, August 23, 2001
1018:978-0-309-03425-8
601:10.1063/1.1387603
353:Carter presidency
268:in 1975, and the
203:Manhattan Project
147:Manhattan Project
136:
135:
87:Scientific career
52:February 13, 1919
16:(Redirected from
1949:
1821:Rosalyn S. Yalow
1816:Karel F. Wiesner
1801:Ulf S. von Euler
1780:Andrzej Trautman
1705:Leonard Sosnowky
1675:Glenn T. Seaborg
1644:Donald H. Sadler
1599:Jens J. Pindborg
1585:Arthur B. Pardee
1580:George E. Palade
1555:Louis E. F. NĂ©el
1520:Giuseppe Moruzzi
1505:Jerrold Meinwald
1485:Walther Manshard
1454:Nathan O. Kaplan
1431:Gerhard Herzberg
1422:Carl G. Gahmberg
1388:Mohammed El Fasi
1323:William J. Darby
1314:Harold G. Callan
1252:
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1199:Preceded by
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1142:
1136:. Archived from
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1099:Changing Climate
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1071:. Archived from
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1029:Internet Archive
1022:
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926:Changing Climate
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545:Nierenberg Prize
490:Nierenberg Prize
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377:Changing Climate
361:Thomas Schelling
357:William Nordhaus
346:greenhouse gases
314:Advisory Council
122:Doctoral advisor
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1757:Harold Thompson
1732:Charles Tanford
1709:Roger W. Sperry
1701:George D. Snell
1697:George J. Smets
1685:Frederick Seitz
1680:Ernest R. Sears
1595:Jacques Piccard
1475:Seymour S. Kety
1470:Donald W. Kerst
1413:David J. Finney
1403:Hans J. Eysenck
1392:Ernest L. Eliel
1370:Francisco J. Dy
1356:Audouin Dollfus
1351:Richard S. Doll
1299:Colin Blakemore
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1256:
1222:
1213:
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1168:Daily Telegraph
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1103:
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1079:
1078:on 20 July 2013
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1046:
1040:Conway, Erik M.
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875:. pp. 4–.
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627:Wayback Machine
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568:Townes, Charles
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526:Richard Dawkins
522:James E. Hansen
498:Walter Cronkite
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284:Advisory boards
227:nuclear physics
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167:Lower East Side
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72:Alma mater
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1590:David Phillips
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1540:Walter H. Munk
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1525:Nevill F. Mott
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1510:Harry Melville
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1502:
1501:John McMichael
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1498:Henry McIlwain
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1479:Prem N. Kirpal
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1408:Don W. Fawcett
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1374:John C. Eccles
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1366:Gerald Durrell
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1346:Frank J. Dixon
1343:
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1309:Norman Borlaug
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1285:M. Balasegaram
1283:
1281:James Baddiley
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1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:, October 1983
1177:
1172:
1158:
1157:External links
1155:
1154:
1153:
1088:
1036:Oreskes, Naomi
1032:
1017:
1009:10.17226/18714
993:
990:
987:
986:
983:on 2002-12-03.
968:
914:
912:, p. 113.
902:
890:
854:
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843:, p. 139.
833:
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549:
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502:Jane Lubchenco
485:
482:
473:
470:
445:Erik M. Conway
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928:(see p. 345)"
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747:"NAE Members"
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264:in 1965, the
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205:, working on
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181:and then the
180:
177:. He went to
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51:
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38:
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19:
1752:Howard Temin
1628:Rex Richards
1608:Hermann Rahn
1569:
1418:Val L. Fitch
1379:Paul Ehrlich
1304:Aage N. Bohr
1276:Werner Arber
1208:Director of
1207:
1166:
1145:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1113:
1107:
1098:
1080:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1056:
1050:
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981:the original
971:
938:
934:
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917:
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893:
872:
848:
836:
825:. Retrieved
801:. Retrieved
797:
787:
775:. Retrieved
762:
751:. Retrieved
741:
730:. Retrieved
726:
717:
706:. Retrieved
693:
680:
651:. Retrieved
638:
586:(6): 74–75.
583:
579:
572:Munk, Walter
537:
518:Gordon Moore
514:Craig Venter
510:Jane Goodall
494:E. O. Wilson
487:
475:
438:
419:
396:1.5 – 4.5 °C
376:
374:
359:of Yale and
350:
328:
299:
287:
255:
244:
232:
216:
164:
138:
137:
103:Institutions
86:
1877:2000 deaths
1872:1919 births
1737:Henry Taube
1657:Abdus Salam
1120:: 318–349.
1063:: 109–152.
777:November 8,
653:December 9,
321:emissions.
1841:Categories
1806:Alan Walsh
1727:Pol Swings
1632:Jean Rösch
1214:1965–1986
992:References
827:2014-07-21
803:2014-07-21
798:philly.com
768:"About Us"
753:2014-07-21
732:2022-07-28
708:2014-07-20
344:and other
312:’s (NASA)
199:I. I. Rabi
161:Background
18:Nierenberg
1789:Ioan Ursu
1025:full text
955:1939-1811
881:0028-7822
319:acid rain
157:in 1984.
143:physicist
1163:Obituary
1147:29 March
1134:20848755
1082:29 March
963:20848755
885:Archived
679:—
623:Archived
532:See also
171:New York
685:of the
588:Bibcode
325:Climate
289:of the
97:Physics
1132:
1015:
961:
953:
879:
484:Legacy
213:Career
93:Fields
1141:(PDF)
1116:(3).
1104:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
1059:(1).
1047:(PDF)
1023:(The
931:(PDF)
702:(PDF)
551:Notes
453:Exxon
1149:2012
1130:PMID
1084:2012
1013:ISBN
959:PMID
951:ISSN
877:ISSN
779:2016
655:2021
524:and
64:Died
58:, US
49:Born
1122:doi
1065:doi
1005:doi
943:doi
596:doi
169:of
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20:)
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