2559:
236:
493:
48:
1225:
1276:, whom he described as "singularly inappropriate for such work having, by his own admission, cheated in winning the 2003 European Championship." Azmaiparashvili filed a formal complaint to the FIDE Ethics Commission, which convened in July 2007. While dismissing the main complaints against Short, the commission sanctioned him for a minor violation of the FIDE Code of Ethics for his use of the word "dunderhead".
403:, qualifying him as a Candidate for the third successive time. Meeting Speelman again in the 8/Final, in London, he tied a close match (+2-2=4) before edging his older opponent 1.5-0.5 in the tie-break. The 1/4 final, against Gelfand, in Brussels, was a bloodthirsty affair in which Short eventually prevailed (+4-2=2). In the semifinal, in 1992, the Englishman overcame former World Champion
1446:
811:. As the classic games progressed, the players gave an intermittent live commentary, aimed at increasing the understanding of the live and television audiences, who could contrast and compare the player's own thoughts and assessments. Short won the classic games (+2=2), the rapid games (+3−1) and the blitz games (+3−2=3).
222:
Short began playing chess at the age of five after watching his father teach his older brother Martin. He was a member both of
Atherton Chess Club, which was founded by his father, and later of Bolton Chess Club, which had initially rejected him (aged seven) for being too young. His parents divorced
1279:
In 2015, Short claimed that men are biologically better suited to chess than women, and that women have other skills, citing his wife's superior emotional intelligence as an example. In response to widespread criticism for these comments, Short reaffirmed his position, claiming in an interview that
266:
Short dominated
British youth chess during this period, and earned a Master rating with his showing in the 1977 British finals. In 1978 he won his first adult national title when he won the British Lightning Championship aged 13 years 5 months 11 days, a title which he won again in 1980.
1209:
An
October 2021 blog post on Chess.com made the case that the anonymous grandmaster player "honestgirl" was, in fact, Nigel Short, based on their similar preferences for variations of the game, and based on the fact that "honestgirl" is an anagram of "Nigel Short".
1206:, published in 2021, Short said "This is my first book, and it has taken a global pandemic for me to write it" and "I must confess that all books with my name on the cover – and with profound apologies to those who bought them – were all ghost-written".
2299:
419:, perhaps the most famous in recent history, where Nigel Short defeated Jan Timman in Tilburg in 1991, was voted as one of the hundred greatest chess games in a list compiled by FM Graham Burgess, and GMs John Nunn and John Emms.
483:
playing a title match later in 1993, which was won by Karpov. Short and
Kasparov were both sanctioned by FIDE, and the situation led to enormous controversy and upheaval in the chess world for the next several years.
1198:
During important chess events in recent years, Short is often engaged for commentary as part of live broadcasts on the
Internet. Chess historian Edward Winter has named him one of the top five Internet broadcasters.
2290:
439:
wrote that at no time in the 1993 bidding process did FIDE actually receive a conforming world championship match bid. In response, Short and
Kasparov promptly formed a rival organisation, the
531:
in
Liverpool and took a share of second place in 2008 when it was held there again. He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in dozens of other international tournaments, including
1063:
Short was appointed to serve as one of several Vice
Presidents of the World Chess Federation (FIDE) in October 2018. He has written chess columns and book reviews for the British newspapers
453:
newspaper—was held under the new body's auspices in London from
September to October 1993. Kasparov won convincingly (+6−1=13) – the largest margin of victory in a world title contest since
1519:
1184:
508:
2399:""I am still slightly baffled as to how I, an oenophile, atheist Englishman, became Iran's national chess coach", writes Nigel in this eminently readable Times article."
286:
norm; Bellin won the title on tiebreak. Later in 1979, Short tied for first place in the World
Championship for players under age 16, the World Cadet Championship, at
1175:
Short was made an honorary Fellow of the then Bolton Institute of Higher Education in 1993, and was admitted to the honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the
3025:
1775:
855:
of 1985 (team bronze), 1989 (team bronze), and 1997 (team fourth). His complete log when representing England in major international team events follows.
827:
1983. He represented England in 17 consecutive Olympiads between 1984 and 2016. Short's main highlights are: team silver medals in the chess Olympiads of
207:. He is the second of three children (all boys) of David and Jean Short. His father was a journalist and his mother was a school secretary. He grew up in
3015:
364:
Candidates Tournament brought Short little success, as he scored 7/15 to finish in 10th place. In the next cycle, he again qualified by winning the 1987
2340:
2321:
1511:
851:, and was a member of the bronze winning team in 1992, and of fourth place teams in 1983 and 2001. He was a member of three English teams in the
255:
in London over 31 boards, where Short was the only victor. He was virtually self-taught. In 1977, he became the youngest-ever participant in the
728:
In addition to World Championship cycle results already mentioned above, Short has enjoyed other success as a match player, beating US Champion
2019:
259:
by qualifying through the North West Zonal three days before his 12th birthday. In the event itself, he defeated ten-time British champion
475:
The unprecedented rebellion organized by Kasparov and Short resulted in a parallel World Championship cycle organized by FIDE, featuring
835:(where he also took gold medal for the best individual performance on board three) and Thessaloniki 1988. He took a team bronze in the
3040:
3020:
184:
129:
1659:
431:, in breach of FIDE rules, decided the location of the match (Manchester) and the prize fund without consulting them. In her book
2919:
1280:"it's quite easy to demonstrate there is a fairly substantial gap between men and women" and dismissing his repeated defeat by
2614:
1427:
1381:
564:
528:
295:
3030:
772:
by 2½–1½ at London 1983, drew with Eugenio Torre (+1−1=4) in Manila 1988, drew with Timman (3–3) in an exhibition match at
164:
Director for Chess Development since September 2022. Short earned the title of grandmaster at the age of 19 and was ranked
1632:
3005:
1327:
632:
1269:
1265:
1100:
1864:
2519:
2496:
2470:
1993:
1404:
1183:, in recognition of his chess accomplishments. In August 2005, he was unanimously elected secretary general of the
820:
702:
1879:
512:
384:
302:
1541:
3035:
2995:
2964:
2853:
440:
313:. Short represented England in international team play for the first time at the 1983 European Team finals in
2893:
2863:
2762:
2181:
1760:
1114:
852:
470:
444:
177:
2817:
2721:
713:
208:
1713:
3000:
2878:
2812:
2777:
2291:"Nigel Short slammed by leading female chess players for saying women are not as good as men at the game"
1180:
1145:
152:
36:
2959:
2797:
2726:
1459:
1351:
1219:
1156:
from 2006 to 2007. His first assignment led to their unexpectedly capturing a team bronze medal at the
706:
675:
504:
408:
322:
256:
2155:
3010:
2822:
2607:
733:
377:
290:, France, but lost to Argentinian Marcello Tempone on tiebreak. He became (at the time) the youngest
200:
89:
2374:
1905:
2807:
2064:
1978:
1938:
1192:
1157:
1153:
695:
612:
338:
169:
2208:
1836:
1331:
372:. The Candidates stage had by this time reverted to its traditional match format: Short defeated
252:
216:
2119:
2023:
1920:
1478:
3045:
2990:
1305:
1238:
chess column that he believed he had been secretly playing the reclusive former chess champion
556:
497:
1682:
1323:
1273:
1065:
349:
305:(1980–83), Short achieved his best result during his first attempt, when he placed second to
188:
2091:
791:
In a return to Tehran in March 2013, Short played a second match against the Iranian player
2985:
2600:
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2488:
1604:
1355:
1347:
1234:
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1089:
428:
291:
283:
20:
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8:
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840:
836:
832:
828:
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753:
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title in 1984, aged 19—becoming the youngest grandmaster in the world at the time, being
318:
165:
157:
104:
2564:
2558:
2037:
1651:
211:, going to St Philip's Primary School on Bolton Old Road. He studied at the independent
2234:
1483:
1119:
2587:
2435:
2400:
2263:
604:
2898:
2888:
2832:
2540:, by R. O'Brien, Andrew Martin, and Jonathan Tisdall; Tournament Chess, London, 1993.
2515:
2492:
2466:
2417:
1793:
1785:
1423:
1400:
1377:
1264:
interview, Short was critical of the role of members of the Appeals Committee at the
454:
392:
353:
116:
1953:
745:
427:
According to Short and Kasparov, the head of the chess world's governing body FIDE,
2914:
2827:
2782:
2752:
2511:
1687:
1311:
396:
260:
168:
from July 1988 to July 1989. In 1993, he became the first English player to play a
1296:
Rhea Argyro Karageorgiou in 1987. The couple have two children. He is an atheist.
1187:. He became its president in June 2006, stepping down in January 2008. He was the
247:, Short first attracted significant media attention as a 10-year-old by defeating
2940:
2873:
2792:
2767:
2691:
1718:
1254:
1149:
1141:
1125:
679:
608:
540:
326:
248:
1812:"1993 Karpov - Timman : 1991-93 cycle : FIDE World Chess Championship"
1811:
415:(+5−3=5) to earn the right to meet defending World Champion Garry Kasparov. The
407:(+4−2=4) in a match that was described as "the end of an era". In the final, in
2787:
2757:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2623:
2568:
2480:
1339:
1319:
761:
656:
596:
476:
404:
306:
173:
19:
This article is about the chess player. For the singer and choir director, see
1797:
993:
780:
in extra games in the PCA Candidates' quarterfinals at New York 1994, lost to
2979:
2945:
2858:
2731:
2665:
2660:
2462:
2454:
1789:
1419:
1293:
1239:
1083:
769:
436:
400:
357:
279:
244:
223:
when he was 13 years old. Short left school at age 17, having completed four
212:
2573:
2133:
1740:
380:, Canada, in 1988, but then unexpectedly lost (−2=3) to Speelman in London.
2883:
2848:
2802:
2686:
1841:
1451:
1281:
1130:
1109:
1095:
999:
800:
737:
717:
369:
2550:
1326:(113) B12 B10 B17 B11 B18 Ruy Lopez, Closed (109) C84 C92 C86 C90 C95
1034:
Lucerne 1989, board 1, 4½/8 (+3−2=3), individual silver medal, team bronze
1011:
560:
121:
2772:
2711:
2640:
2020:"Page 25 | Supplement 55513, 12 June 1999 | London Gazette | The Gazette"
1051:
1017:
808:
804:
781:
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667:
620:
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458:
361:
360:
for the last berth, after the three had tied in regulation play. But the
2322:"Nigel Short says men "hardwired" to be better chess players than women"
2935:
2736:
2655:
2592:
1358:(104) E34 E21 E42 E32 E41 French Tarrasch (91) C05 C03 C07 C09 C04
1077:
785:
729:
664:
511:
in 1991 (the only year in which the latter event was held). He was the
480:
412:
345:
204:
93:
2670:
2577:
1545:
1343:
1315:
1107:, for the ChessBase website. He wrote a column, "Short Stories", for
773:
765:
572:
544:
492:
449:
416:
373:
275:
235:
47:
1761:"Classic Footage of Nigel Short vs Garry Kasparov | iChess.NET"
1224:
975:
660:
648:
644:
616:
592:
588:
365:
341:
title began in earnest in 1985 when he narrowly qualified from the
310:
224:
600:
568:
2636:
1745:
1249:
In January 2007, Short gave an interview to the Indian newspaper
1246:
in speed chess matches. Fischer denied ownership of the account.
1168:, in 2006. In the nine chess events at the Asian Indoor Games in
1045:
1028:
978:
1992 board 1, 5½/8 (+4−1=3), individual bronze medal, team bronze
969:
824:
784:
by (5½–1½) in the PCA semi-finals at Linares 1995, and drew with
741:
687:
683:
636:
624:
576:
552:
536:
314:
287:
271:
1683:"Short Wins Again To Seize 2-0 Lead; Seirawan Loses To Speelman"
1253:, in which he called for an inquiry to examine allegations that
263:, and finished with 5/11, an excellent showing for a debutant.
2341:"Nigel Short: 'Girls just don't have the brains to play chess'"
2235:"Case N. 2/07 JUDGEMENT rendered by the FIDE ETHICS COMMISSION"
1005:
987:
757:
671:
652:
640:
599:
Open (2000), Tan Chin Nam Cup, Beijing (2000), Sigeman and Co.
532:
524:
520:
516:
388:
847:. He led the English team to victory in the 1997 Euroteams at
1169:
1165:
1054:
2017 board 1, 8/9 (+7-0=2) individual gold medal, team bronze
1048:
2015 board 1, 7/8 (+6-0=2) individual gold medal, team bronze
691:
628:
584:
383:
Short's next attempt proved his most successful. He defeated
2264:"FIDE Ethics Commission rules on Short and Topalov/Danailov"
2554:
2241:
1188:
1161:
1113:
magazine from January 2011 until December 2018. During the
981:
871:
board 3, 10/13 (+8−1=4), individual gold medal, team silver
848:
712:
Arguably Short's finest tournament performance came at the
709:
on tiebreak after both finished with unbeaten 7½/9 scores.
548:
342:
161:
112:
736:
in 1985 by the score of 7–1 (+6=2). He has also defeated
1445:
298:
in 1979/80, breaking Bobby Fischer's record from 1958.
1272:
World Championships, in particular FIDE Vice President
716:
tournament in 1991, where he tied for first place with
2209:"Short take: Veselin Topalov could have been cheating"
682:(2016), the British Knockout Championship (2016), the
2508:
Nigel Short, Chess Prodigy: His Career and Best Games
1994:"Chess grandmaster class: Nigel Short v Sol Campbell"
1099:
between 2005 and 19 October 2006. He reported on the
555:(1984), British Rapidplay Chess Championship (1986),
1741:"A Short King Walk - Nigel Short vs Jan Timman 1991"
1441:
194:
160:, columnist, coach and commentator who has been the
1257:cheated during the World Championship in San Luis.
839:, and led England to fourth-place finishes in both
243:Short learned chess at age five from his father. A
2289:
1865:"100 Year History of the British Chess Federation"
799:, the contest comprised four games with a classic
2401:Chess in Iran – Nigel Short's illuminating report
686:Negros Open (2017), the Pre-League Blitz Open in
422:
2977:
1172:2007, Iran took a silver and two bronze medals.
563:(1987), Amsterdam VSB (1988, 1991, 1992, 1993),
2182:"Chess960 (FRC): Fischer and 'Wild Variant 22'"
1773:
819:Short made his international team debut in the
705:in Ottawa in 2013, edging Canadian Grandmaster
332:
2608:
2583:"Nigel Short's Collected Games" BritBase.info
1939:"Amsterdam VSB (1991) (Games of Nigel Short)"
1880:"Short wins 2013 Canadian Open Championship"
1220:Ivan Cheparinov § Handshake controversy
1136:He has individually coached young prodigies
1123:. In 2014 he began writing a column for the
814:
3026:Sportspeople from Leigh, Greater Manchester
1711:
487:
435:(Cadogan 1993), the British WIM and author
3016:Members of the Order of the British Empire
2615:
2601:
2557:
2433:
768:in Hoogeveen 2016 (+2-1=3). Short lost to
639:Chess Club Open (2011, 2012, 2015, 2017),
603:(2002, 2009, 2013 joint first shared with
46:
391:Interzonal and finished equal third with
230:
185:Member of the Order of the British Empire
180:in London, where Kasparov won 12½ to 7½.
2622:
1712:Hillenbrand, Barry (20 September 1993).
1477:
1223:
1202:In the Introduction chapter of his book
659:Rapid Chess Tournament (2012), Spicenet
491:
294:in chess history by scoring 8/15 in the
270:In 1979, in the British Championship at
234:
1707:
1705:
1680:
1649:
1487:(Supplement). 12 June 1999. p. 25.
694:(2018), and the Moja GM Tournament, in
251:, then ranked No. 2 in the world, in a
2978:
2479:
2453:
2338:
2206:
1031:1985 board 4, 4/8 (+1−1=6) team bronze
352:. He needed a playoff to advance past
2596:
2528:
2505:
1991:
1918:
1877:
1413:
1390:
1367:
1152:. He worked as national coach of the
865:2nd reserve, 3/6 (+1−1=4) team silver
529:EU Individual Open Chess Championship
16:English chess grandmaster (born 1965)
1951:
1774:Joseph McLellan (4 September 1993).
1702:
1662:from the original on 8 November 2014
1602:
1522:from the original on 22 October 2021
1509:
1505:
1503:
1292:Short resides in Greece and married
984:1997 board 1, 4/7 (+2−1=4) team gold
690:(2018), the GM Nigel Short Blitz in
2531:Nigel Short: World Chess Challenger
1979:"The election of Arkady Dvorkovich"
1058:
1037:Lucerne 1997, board 1, 4/8 (+0−0=8)
877:board 1, 7/12 (+3−1=8), team silver
720:ahead of both Kasparov and Karpov.
619:Hunguest Hotels (2003), Samba Cup,
13:
2427:
2065:"Chess Broadcasts on the Internet"
2062:
1681:Goodman, David (25 January 1988).
1633:"6429. International Master title"
1630:
1179:in 2010. In 1999 he was appointed
1117:he wrote a series of articles for
1101:FIDE World Chess Championship 2005
883:board 1, 6/12 (+2−2=8) team bronze
701:Short won the 50th edition of the
651:(2012, 2016, 2017, 2020), RA Club
627:(2004), the Politiken Cup (2006),
274:, Short tied for first place with
14:
3057:
2544:
2302:from the original on 20 June 2022
2207:Tagore, Vijay (30 January 2007).
2089:
1992:Short, Nigel (5 September 2014).
1650:Friedel, Frederic (1 June 2005).
1500:
195:Early life, family, and education
172:match, when he qualified to play
156:(born 1 June 1965) is an English
3041:English male non-fiction writers
3021:People educated at Bolton School
2459:Nigel Short: Quest for the Crown
2418:"The chess games of Nigel Short"
2375:"The chess games of Nigel Short"
2270:. ChessBase GmbH. 31 August 2007
2215:. Diligent Media Corporation Ltd
1444:
1287:
1041:World Senior Team Championship:
821:European Team Chess Championship
723:
703:Canadian Open Chess Championship
507:in 1984, 1987 and 1998, and the
433:Nigel Short: Quest for the Crown
2410:
2393:
2367:
2358:
2332:
2314:
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2256:
2227:
2200:
2174:
2148:
2126:
2112:
2083:
2056:
2030:
2012:
1985:
1971:
1945:
1931:
1912:
1898:
1871:
1857:
1829:
1804:
1767:
1753:
1733:
1674:
1643:
1624:
1615:
1605:"Nigel Short's Collected Games"
764:in Mukachevo 2009 (+2−1=3) and
348:to become Britain's first-ever
227:, to focus on chess full-time.
2965:Category:English chess players
2588:"Nigel Short" by Edward Winter
2339:Watson, Leon (20 April 2015).
2134:"Chess legend 'plays the web'"
2044:. The English Chess Federation
1596:
1593:Forbes, 1993, p.8 and pp.31-32
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1534:
1491:
1471:
1299:
1185:Commonwealth Chess Association
853:World Team Chess Championships
464:
441:Professional Chess Association
423:World title match, London 1993
199:Short was born 1 June 1965 in
1:
1919:Byrne, Robert (4 June 1991).
1714:"Playing With His Fingertips"
1544:. Bolton YMCA. Archived from
1465:
1242:on the online chess platform
1115:World Chess Championship 2013
670:(2014), Zaw Win Lay Memorial
539:, World Under 16 (1979), the
471:World Chess Championship 1993
2567:player profile and games at
2136:. BBC News. 9 September 2001
1906:"Happy Birthday Nigel Short"
1878:Upper, John (24 July 2013).
1510:Lidz, Franz (11 July 1988).
1354:(113) D37 D35 D30 D36 D31
1350:(124) E00 D02 A40 A46 A45
1346:(153) C92 C72 C69 C95 C84
1342:(233) C11 C05 C18 C03 C02
1322:(155) C11 C18 C10 C19 C01
1318:(218) C84 C92 C78 C86 C77
1314:(561) B90 B23 B40 B33 B32
1213:
965:European Team Championship:
788:in Amsterdam 2010 (+1-1=2).
752:in Reykjavík 2002 (+4−1=1),
678:(2015) the 1st Stars Cup in
333:World Championship candidate
7:
3031:English non-fiction writers
1437:
1020:2017 board 2, 3½/7 (+2-2=3)
1008:2013 board 3, 4½/7 (+2-0=5)
972:1983 board 7, 4½/7 (+3−1=3)
10:
3062:
3006:Chess Olympiad competitors
2960:List of chess grandmasters
2434:Chess News (1 June 2005),
2186:chess960frc.blogspot.co.uk
1460:List of chess grandmasters
1370:Nigel Short's Chess Skills
1217:
1014:2015 board 4, 3/5 (+2-1=2)
1002:2011 board 2, 3/7 (+2-3=2)
996:2001 board 2, 6/9 (+3−0=6)
990:1999 board 1, 5/8 (+3−1=4)
505:British Chess Championship
468:
411:, Short defeated Dutchman
409:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
303:World Junior Championships
257:British Chess Championship
166:third in the world by FIDE
18:
2954:
2928:
2907:
2841:
2745:
2679:
2648:
2633:
2436:"Nigel Short turns forty"
2381:. Chessgames Services LLC
2000:. The Financial Times LTD
1652:"Nigel Short turns forty"
1512:"SHORT ISN'T A LONG SHOT"
1024:World Team Championship:
949:, board 3, 7½/10 (+6−1=3)
919:, board 2, 8½/13 (+5−1=7)
907:, board 2, 6½/11 (+2−0=9)
895:, board 1, 8½/13 (+6−2=5)
837:Novi Sad Olympiad of 1990
815:International team record
748:in Albert 2000 (+3−1=2),
734:Foxborough, Massachusetts
587:United Insurance (1999),
387:in the last round of the
138:
128:
111:
100:
73:
65:
57:
45:
30:
2328:. London. 20 April 2015.
1516:Sports Illustrated Vault
1361:
1330:(106) B90 B92 B93 B91
1154:Islamic Republic of Iran
961:, reserve, 6½/9 (+5-1=3)
955:, board 3, 1½/5 (+1-3=1)
937:, board 2, 7/10 (+6−2=2)
931:, board 2, 8/11 (+5−0=6)
925:, board 2, 1½/4 (+1−2=1)
913:, board 2, 7/12 (+3−1=8)
901:, board 1, 7/12 (+3−1=8)
889:, board 1, 6/11 (+3−2=6)
583:Monarch Assurance 1998,
488:Major tournament results
339:World Chess Championship
170:World Chess Championship
2529:Keene, Raymond (1992).
1954:"The Week In Chess 958"
1776:"SLICK MOVES FOR CHESS"
1352:Queen's Gambit Declined
1336:With the Black pieces:
1308:with the White pieces:
1195:between 2009 and 2014.
943:, board 2, 4/8 (+2−2=4)
337:Short's arrival on the
253:simultaneous exhibition
191:for services to chess.
2156:"'Fischer' caught out"
1566:Forbes, 1993, pp.10-11
1229:
1133:in the first article.
647:International (2012),
500:
498:Corus chess tournament
301:Participating in four
240:
231:Prodigy to Grandmaster
178:PCA world championship
3036:British chess writers
2996:English chess players
2506:Short, David (1982).
2120:"Who is Honestgirl??"
1414:Short, Nigel (2021).
1391:Short, Nigel (1993).
1368:Short, Nigel (1989).
1274:Zurab Azmaiparashvili
1227:
1093:for a decade and for
513:Commonwealth Champion
495:
469:Further information:
317:. He was awarded the
238:
189:1999 Birthday Honours
2038:"Board and Officers"
2026:on 23 November 2019.
1235:The Sunday Telegraph
1232:In 2001, Short told
1177:University of Bolton
1090:The Sunday Telegraph
941:Khanty-Mansiysk 2010
615:(2003, 2004, 2012),
567:(1987/88, 1988/89),
509:English Championship
429:Florencio Campomanes
292:International Master
284:International Master
282:, earning his first
21:Nigel Short (singer)
2869:Alexander Cherniaev
2643:of Grandmaster (GM)
2345:www.telegraph.co.uk
2162:. 16 September 2001
2042:Englishchess.org.uk
1784:. Washington, D.C.
1781:The Washington Post
1584:Forbes, 1993, p.3-4
1542:"Bolton Chess Club"
1397:Sterling Publishing
1244:Internet Chess Club
1138:Pentala Harikrishna
1105:San Luis, Argentina
1072:The Daily Telegraph
807:and eight games of
793:Ehsan Ghaem Maghami
754:Ehsan Ghaem Maghami
527:). He won the 2006
3001:Chess Grandmasters
2635:Chess players for
2576:player profile at
2407:, 9 December 2007.
2364:Forbes, 1993, p.18
2188:. 21 December 2013
2122:. 17 October 2021.
1925:The New York Times
1816:www.mark-weeks.com
1621:Forbes, 1993, p.11
1575:Forbes, 1993, p.14
1497:Forbes, 1993, p. 3
1484:The London Gazette
1230:
1120:The Indian Express
776:in 1989, defeated
676:South African Open
501:
496:Short at the 2005
241:
239:Nigel Short (1976)
2973:
2972:
2899:Stephen J. Gordon
2889:Stewart Haslinger
2833:Aaron Summerscale
2512:Faber & Faber
2298:. 20 April 2015.
1981:. 5 October 2018.
1429:978-1-78483-159-2
1383:978-0-600-55743-2
1348:Queen's Pawn Game
1284:as "irrelevant".
1191:delegate for the
875:Thessaloniki 1988
863:Thessaloniki 1984
829:Thessaloniki 1984
750:Hannes Stefánsson
633:Staunton Memorial
393:Viswanathan Anand
354:John van der Wiel
183:He was appointed
158:chess grandmaster
149:Nigel David Short
146:
145:
142:No. 3 (July 1988)
139:Peak ranking
134:2712 (April 2004)
61:Nigel David Short
41:
3053:
3011:English atheists
2920:Daniel Fernandez
2915:Jonathan Hawkins
2828:Dharshan Kumaran
2783:Jonathan Penrose
2753:Joseph Gallagher
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2561:
2534:
2525:
2502:
2476:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2442:, ChessBase GmbH
2422:
2421:
2414:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2293:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2239:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2069:ChessHistory.com
2063:Winter, Edward.
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2022:. Archived from
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1952:Crowther, Mark.
1949:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1886:. ChessBase GmbH
1875:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1837:"The king and I"
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1749:. 28 March 2017.
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1688:Associated Press
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1631:Winter, Edward.
1628:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1603:Saunders, John.
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1507:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1433:
1410:
1387:
1328:Sicilian Najdorf
1066:The Sunday Times
1059:Other activities
803:, four games of
443:. The resulting
397:Vassily Ivanchuk
385:Mikhail Gurevich
368:Interzonal with
323:later supplanted
296:Hastings Premier
261:Jonathan Penrose
155:
130:Peak rating
124:(September 2024)
87:
83:
81:
50:
40:
39:
33:
28:
27:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3050:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2950:
2941:Nikita Vitiugov
2924:
2903:
2874:Daniel Gormally
2854:Jonathan Parker
2837:
2793:Jonathan Levitt
2768:Stuart Conquest
2741:
2692:Jonathan Mestel
2675:
2644:
2629:
2621:
2553:rating card at
2547:
2522:
2499:
2481:Lawson, Dominic
2473:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2428:Further reading
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2337:
2333:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2296:The Independent
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2160:Telegraph.co.uk
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2071:. Edward Winter
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1710:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1648:
1644:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1548:on 24 July 2008
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1430:
1407:
1384:
1364:
1359:
1334:
1302:
1294:drama therapist
1290:
1255:Veselin Topalov
1222:
1216:
1150:Parimarjan Negi
1142:Sergey Karjakin
1129:, interviewing
1126:Financial Times
1087:. He wrote for
1061:
817:
726:
609:Nils Grandelius
605:Richárd Rapport
579:/Pärnu (1998),
541:BBC Master Game
490:
473:
467:
425:
335:
327:Simen Agdestein
249:Viktor Korchnoi
233:
197:
151:
88:
85:
79:
77:
53:
35:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2894:Simon Williams
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Matthew Turner
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Matthew Sadler
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2763:William Watson
2760:
2758:Anthony Kosten
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:Julian Hodgson
2714:
2709:
2707:James Plaskett
2704:
2702:Harry Golombek
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2569:Chessgames.com
2562:
2546:
2545:External links
2543:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2526:
2520:
2503:
2497:
2485:The Inner Game
2477:
2471:
2451:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2409:
2392:
2379:Chessgames.com
2366:
2357:
2331:
2313:
2281:
2255:
2244:. 29 July 2007
2226:
2199:
2173:
2147:
2125:
2111:
2090:Short, Nigel.
2082:
2055:
2029:
2011:
1984:
1970:
1958:TheWeekInChess
1944:
1930:
1911:
1897:
1870:
1856:
1828:
1803:
1766:
1752:
1732:
1701:
1673:
1642:
1623:
1614:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1533:
1499:
1490:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1411:
1405:
1388:
1382:
1363:
1360:
1340:French Defense
1338:
1320:French Defense
1310:
1301:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1215:
1212:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
963:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
816:
813:
762:Zahar Efimenko
746:Étienne Bacrot
725:
722:
559:(1986, 1987),
503:Short won the
489:
486:
477:Anatoly Karpov
466:
463:
447:—sponsored by
424:
421:
405:Anatoly Karpov
334:
331:
307:Garry Kasparov
232:
229:
196:
193:
174:Garry Kasparov
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
119:
109:
108:
102:
98:
97:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
58:Full name
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3058:
3047:
3046:Chess coaches
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Living people
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2947:
2946:Shreyas Royal
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Nicholas Pert
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Neil McDonald
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:David Norwood
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Michael Adams
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Michael Stean
2664:
2662:
2661:Raymond Keene
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2521:0-571-11786-4
2517:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2498:0-333-60949-2
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2472:1-85744-048-X
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2455:Forbes, Cathy
2452:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2413:
2406:
2405:ChessBase.com
2402:
2396:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2361:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2100:
2099:Quality Chess
2093:
2086:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2015:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1974:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1845:. 6 July 2006
1844:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1677:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1610:
1609:BritBase.info
1606:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1420:Quality Chess
1417:
1412:
1408:
1406:0-8069-0798-3
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1288:Personal life
1285:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:Bobby Fischer
1237:
1236:
1228:Short in 2013
1226:
1221:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:The Spectator
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
967:
966:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:Istanbul 2012
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
911:Istanbul 2000
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
881:Novi Sad 1990
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
859:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:at age 17 at
822:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:Talking Chess
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:Joel Benjamin
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
724:Match results
721:
719:
715:
714:Amsterdam VSB
710:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:Open (2013),
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:(1999/2000),
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
547:OHRA (1982),
546:
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237:
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2884:Gawain Jones
2879:David Howell
2849:Luke McShane
2813:James Howell
2803:Keith Arkell
2778:Nigel Davies
2696:
2687:Jon Speelman
2627:Grandmasters
2537:
2530:
2507:
2484:
2458:
2444:, retrieved
2439:
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2395:
2383:. Retrieved
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2344:
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2326:The Guardian
2325:
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2098:
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2068:
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2041:
2032:
2024:the original
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1997:
1987:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1947:
1933:
1924:
1914:
1908:. June 2020.
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
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1842:The Guardian
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1550:. Retrieved
1546:the original
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1515:
1493:
1482:
1473:
1452:Chess portal
1415:
1393:Chess Basics
1392:
1369:
1356:Nimzo Indian
1335:
1304:Most-played
1303:
1291:
1282:Judit Polgar
1278:
1261:
1260:In the same
1259:
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1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1174:
1146:David Howell
1135:
1131:Sol Campbell
1124:
1118:
1110:New in Chess
1108:
1096:The Guardian
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1040:
1023:
1000:Porto Carras
964:
935:Dresden 2008
899:Yerevan 1996
857:
818:
801:time control
796:
795:. Billed as
790:
760:2003 (+2=4)
738:Utut Adianto
727:
718:Valery Salov
711:
700:
674:(2014), the
643:(2011), 7th
631:(2008), the
557:Wijk aan Zee
523:) and 2008 (
502:
474:
448:
437:Cathy Forbes
432:
426:
382:
370:Jon Speelman
336:
300:
269:
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242:
221:
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182:
148:
147:
25:
2986:1965 births
2798:Peter Wells
2773:Mark Hebden
2727:Daniel King
2712:Glenn Flear
2697:Nigel Short
2574:Nigel Short
2565:Nigel Short
2551:Nigel Short
2533:. Batsford.
1637:Chess Notes
1552:27 December
1479:"No. 55513"
1300:Chess style
1158:Asian Games
1052:Hersonissos
1018:Hersonissos
953:Tromsø 2014
923:Calvià 2004
905:Elista 1998
893:Moscow 1994
887:Manila 1992
805:rapid chess
782:Gata Kamsky
778:Boris Gulko
707:Eric Hansen
668:Isle of Man
621:Skanderborg
581:Isle of Man
465:Controversy
362:Montpellier
319:grandmaster
309:in 1980 at
105:Grandmaster
84:1 June 1965
31:Nigel Short
2980:Categories
2958:See also:
2936:Ravi Haria
2823:Chris Ward
2737:Mihai Suba
2656:Tony Miles
2641:FIDE title
2440:Chess News
2268:Chess News
2248:6 February
2104:3 November
1884:Chess News
1798:1330888409
1666:8 November
1526:22 October
1466:References
1218:See also:
1078:Daily Mail
929:Turin 2006
869:Dubai 1986
858:Olympiad:
833:Dubai 1986
786:Anish Giri
740:(+3=3) in
730:Lev Alburt
698:, (2022).
665:PokerStars
481:Jan Timman
413:Jan Timman
378:Saint John
376:(+2=3) in
346:Interzonal
205:Lancashire
94:Lancashire
80:1965-06-01
2808:John Emms
2671:John Nunn
2639:with the
2578:Chess.com
2489:Macmillan
2092:"Winning"
1790:0190-8286
1656:ChessBase
1344:Ruy Lopez
1324:Caro-Kann
1316:Ruy Lopez
1214:Incidents
1012:Reykjavík
959:Baku 2016
917:Bled 2002
774:Hilversum
766:Hou Yifan
696:Kimberley
657:Pühajärve
613:Gibraltar
573:Groningen
561:Reykjavík
545:Amsterdam
519:), 2006 (
515:in 2004 (
461:in 1961.
457:defeated
455:Botvinnik
450:The Times
417:King walk
395:, behind
374:Gyula Sax
350:candidate
276:John Nunn
96:, England
2483:(1993).
2457:(1993).
2306:20 April
2300:Archived
1849:8 August
1821:3 August
1660:Archived
1520:Archived
1438:See also
1312:Sicilian
1306:openings
976:Debrecen
661:Tanzania
655:(2012),
649:Bunratty
645:Edmonton
635:(2009),
623:(2003),
617:Budapest
593:Pamplona
591:(1999),
589:Shymkent
575:(1996),
571:(1996),
565:Hastings
551:(1983),
543:(1981),
535:(1979),
366:Subotica
311:Dortmund
225:O-levels
209:Atherton
2637:England
2624:English
2463:Cadogan
2446:5 March
2385:5 March
2350:17 July
2274:5 March
2219:5 March
2192:8 April
2166:8 April
2140:5 March
2075:5 March
2048:5 March
2004:5 March
1963:5 March
1921:"Chess"
1890:5 March
1746:YouTube
1725:5 March
1694:5 March
1416:Winning
1204:Winning
1046:Dresden
1029:Lucerne
970:Plovdiv
825:Plovdiv
742:Jakarta
688:Kampala
684:Bacolod
637:Bangkok
625:Taiyuan
597:Linares
577:Tallinn
553:Esbjerg
537:Belfort
315:Plovdiv
288:Belfort
272:Chester
176:in the
69:England
66:Country
2518:
2495:
2469:
1998:FT.com
1796:
1788:
1426:
1403:
1380:
1374:Hamlyn
1075:, the
1006:Warsaw
988:Batumi
758:Tehran
744:1995,
680:Anzali
672:Yangon
653:Ottawa
641:Luanda
533:Geneva
525:Nagpur
521:Mumbai
517:Mumbai
389:Manila
117:rating
115:
107:(1984)
2929:2020s
2908:2010s
2842:2000s
2746:1990s
2680:1980s
2649:1970s
2538:Short
2238:(PDF)
2095:(PDF)
1362:Works
1170:Macau
1166:Qatar
809:blitz
692:Lagos
629:Bazna
601:Malmö
585:Dhaka
569:Pärnu
445:match
201:Leigh
101:Title
90:Leigh
2555:FIDE
2516:ISBN
2493:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2448:2015
2387:2015
2352:2023
2308:2015
2276:2015
2250:2008
2242:FIDE
2221:2015
2194:2016
2168:2016
2142:2015
2106:2022
2077:2015
2050:2015
2006:2015
1965:2015
1892:2015
1851:2016
1823:2024
1794:OCLC
1786:ISSN
1727:2015
1719:Time
1696:2015
1668:2014
1554:2008
1528:2021
1424:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1270:2006
1268:and
1266:2005
1189:FIDE
1162:Doha
1148:and
1081:and
994:León
982:Pula
849:Pula
845:1996
843:and
841:1994
607:and
549:Baku
479:and
399:and
356:and
343:Biel
278:and
215:and
162:FIDE
122:2594
113:FIDE
74:Born
2213:DNA
1332:B97
1262:DNA
1251:DNA
1193:ECF
1181:MBE
1160:in
1103:in
756:in
732:in
611:),
459:Tal
325:by
153:MBE
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