408:, as they had based some of their questions and answers on entries found in the work. The suit was unsuccessful, as the makers of Trivial Pursuit were able to show that the game was based on questions and answers about facts obtained from a number of sources, and the information was laid out in a way that was demonstrably different from the original "encyclopedia".
426:) suspected that a competing commercial service, the website meteo.sk, was copying their data. (This is legal in most countries, where such data is either offered under a free license or deeded into the public domain, but not in Slovakia.) On 7 August 2008, SHMĂ deliberately altered the temperature for
206:, author of several books offering tips and tricks for computer users, deliberately placed a bogus tip in one of his books as a way of catching plagiarism. The fake tip, which purported to make a rabbit appear on the computer screen when certain keys were pressed, did indeed appear in subsequent works.
266:
jungftak, n. Persian bird, the male of which had only one wing, on the right side, and the female only one wing, on the left side; instead of the missing wings, the male had a hook of bone, and the female an eyelet of bone, and it was by uniting hook and eye that they were enabled to fly â each, when
1048:. He claimed that more than a quarter of the questions in the game's Genus Edition had been taken from his books, even his own fictitious entries that he had added to the books to catch anyone who wanted to violate his copyright. However, the case was thrown out by the district court judge as the
213:
entry on
Lillian Virginia Mountweazel, the editors created another fictitious entry concerning the purported blind American artist, Robert Dayton. The article claims Dayton experimented âwith odor-emitting gases that resemble pungent body odors." His supposed "Aroma-Art" is presented in a sealed
110:
magazine. Allegedly, she was widely known for her photo-essays of unusual subject matter, including New York City buses, the cemeteries of Paris, and rural
American mailboxes. According to the encyclopedia's editor, it is a tradition for encyclopedias to put a fake entry to trap competitors for
828:
is a fictional French philosopher created in 1995 by the journalist Frédéric PagÚs and other members of a group calling itself the
Association of the Friends of Jean-Baptiste Botul. Originating as a literary hoax, the names of both Botul and his philosophy of botulism derive from
364:(the AA) after content from OS maps was reproduced on AA maps. The Ordnance Survey denied that it included "deliberate mistakes" in its maps as copyright traps, claiming the "fingerprints" which identified a copy were stylistic features such as the width of roads.
321:
in the United States was invented by map makers, but eventually became identified as a real place by its county administration because a building, the Agloe
General Store, was erected at its fictional location. The "town" is featured in the novel
1090:
by copying their map books. However, this case was dismissed although the judge cited that there was a single instance of original copyright, but this was not sufficient evidence to support copyright infringement. Additionally, the judge cited
900:, supposedly starring Muki the Wonder Dog, named after the authors' own dog. (A clue is that the same dog shown in a purported publicity shot for the 1948 film, also appears next to the authors in the "About The Authors" bio on the back cover.)
200:", defined as "the wilful avoidance of one's official responsibilities", which had been added to the edition published in 2001. It was intended as a copyright trap, as the text of the book was distributed electronically and thus easy to copy.
502:
on the part of authors or their publishers. Trap publications may be used by publishers to immediately reject articles citing them, or by academics to detect journals of ill repute (those that would publish them or works citing them).
448:", "delhipublicschool40 chdjob" and "juegosdeben1ogrande" each returned a link to a single unrelated webpage. Nine of the hundred fraudulent results planted by Google were later observed as the first result for the bogus term on Bing.
917:" tells of an encyclopedia entry on what turns out to be the imaginary country of Uqbar. This leads the narrator to the equally fantastic region of Tlön, the setting for much of the country's literature. Borges went on to invent the
1031:
lawsuit, where the
Supreme Court (USA) ruled that "information alone without a minimum of original creativity cannot be protected by copyright", there are very few cases where copyright has been proven and many are dismissed.
1447:
1110:
maps. However, in this copyright infringement case there was no instance of a deliberate copyright trap. Instead, the prosecution sued for specific stylistic choices, such as the width and style of the
1120:
Often there will be errors in maps, dictionaries, and other publications, that are not deliberate and thus are not fictitious entries. For example, within dictionaries there are such mistakes known as
521:, Massachusetts, was "created" in an effort to protest the ignorance of state officials about rural areas. The town received a budget appropriation and several grants before the hoax was revealed.
353:
in the United States, appeared on county maps in the early 1970s. It was believed to be the work of a draftsman, Richard Ciacci. The nonexistence of the mountain was undiscovered for two years.
1960:
879:, a US magazine for children 10â14, regularly includes a two-page spread containing science and technology news. One of the news stories is false and readers are encouraged to guess which one.
896:
describes many bizarre and obscure films. The authors of the work state that one film described by the book is a hoax, which they challenged readers to identify. The imaginary film was
1919:
455:
revealed that they had caught Google reprinting their song lyrics as "Featured
Snippets" on top of Google search result pages. The former company used a mix of two different types of
936:", agents of Norstrilia plant a fake article about the titular "kittons" in an encyclopedia consulted by a thief, in order to deceive him about the nature of their planet's defenses.
1124:, "words which have no real existence being mere coinages due to the blunders of printers or scribes, or to the perfervid imaginations of ignorant or blundering editors."
664:
contains two fictitious entries: on
Guglielmo Baldini, a nonexistent Italian composer, and Dag Henrik Esrum-Hellerup, who purportedly composed a small amount of music for
1025:
Fictitious entries may be used to demonstrate copying, but to prove legal infringement, the material must also be shown to be eligible for copyright. However, due to the
178:
1693:
1824:
986:(2020), the protagonist is tasked with hunting down several fictitious entries inserted in Swansby's New Encyclopaedic Dictionary before the work is digitized.
606:, allegedly a member of the parliament since 1979. Among other activities, he is reported to have contributed to a major symposium on the equally fictitious
247:
entry was removed in 1996 but, after reader protests, was restored the next year, with an extended section on the role of the stone louse in the fall of the
1095:
as previous case law to support that "fictitious names may not be copyrighted" and "the existence, or non-existence, of a road is a non-copyrightable fact."
1587:
163:
Fictitious entries may be used to demonstrate copying, but to prove legal infringement, the material must also be shown to be eligible for copyright (see
1870:
751:; Imlach drafted Tsujimoto and only months laterâwell after the pick was made officialâadmitted that the league had been fooled by the fictitious player.
628:
338:
1844:
2000:
1071:. A United States Federal Court found that Nester's selection of addresses involved a sufficient level of creativity to be eligible for copyright and
1975:
833:, an often deadly type of food poisoning. The works of Botul have been cited by authors who missed the joke, including most notably TV personality
196:
gained media coverage when it was leaked that the second edition contained at least one fictional entry. This later was determined to be the word "
286:, paper towns, cartographer's follies, or other names. They are intended to help reveal copyright infringements. They are not to be confused with
817:
660:
106:. The entry described Lillian Virginia Mountweazel as a fountain designer turned photographer, who died in an explosion while on assignment for
367:
The 2002 Geographers A-Z Map of
Manchester contains traps. For example, Dickinson Street in central Manchester is falsely named "Philpott St".
1930:
1026:
164:
2154:
677:
1721:
975:. The novels also references the fictitious entry "Lillian Mountweazel" with the name of the Spiegelman family's dog, Myrna Mountweazel.
1490:
918:
100:
writer Henry Alford in an article that mentioned a fictitious biographical entry intentionally placed as a copyright trap in the 1975
887:(a magazine devoted to games and puzzles) used to include a fake advertisement in each issue as one of the magazine's regular games.
2449:
871:, in which the best suggestion for another fictitious product from someone who spotted the product gets included in the next issue.
765:
as an ongoing injoke among theologians, including a book and a parody lecture series at the
University of Chicago Divinity School.
1302:
1395:
1275:
1754:
655:
magazine. Mountweazel was the subject of an exhibit in Dublin, Ireland, in March 2009 examining her fictitious life and works.
807:
761:
created by Robert Howard
Clausen for a footnote in a student paper. Bibfeldt was later popularized by Clausen's classmate
223:
1528:
1075:
Hagstrom from copying that portion of the guide. However, the court also found that fictitious entries (in this case, a "
473:
1335:
1572:
1405:
1316:
1285:
933:
550:
430:
from 9.5 °C to 1 °C. In a short time, the temperature of 1 °C appeared for Chopok at meteo.sk as well.
1377:
3105:
2147:
2122:
1473:
140:
if the fictitious entry is copied along with other material. An admission of this motive appears in the preface to
1781:
3181:
3098:
2886:
793:
553:) includes a fictitious entry now well known amongst classicists: a deadpan description of an entirely fictional
1086:, Alexandria Drafting Corporation filed suit against Franklin Maps alleging that Franklin Maps had violated the
444:
results partway through the summer of 2010, created fabricated search results where a hundred query terms like "
1804:
1250:
192:
2067:
1841:
3186:
875:
769:
2091:
W. W. Skeat, The Transactions of the Philological Society 1885-7 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1885-7) Vol. II, p.351.
914:
2004:
800:, a fictitious student originally created as a practical joke by a Tech student in 1927, in their lists of
136:
By including a trivial piece of false information in a larger work, it is easier to demonstrate subsequent
17:
3156:
2909:
2140:
2026:
1971:
1564:
1498:
Unclear Definitions: Investigating Dictionaries' Fictitious Entries through Creative and Critical Writing
789:
1647:
672:. The two entries were removed from later editions, as well as from later printings of the 1980 edition.
1511:
1099:
361:
583:
of 1903, and it continued as an entry in subsequent editions down to the 1950s. It was described as a
148:: "those that are known to exist form an uncomfortable trap for any would-be plagiarist". Similarly,
3176:
2866:
2227:
1659:
1242:
619:
102:
1673:
1213:
739:
reference works. Tsujimoto, an alleged Japanese forward, was the creation of Sabres general manager
3161:
2405:
2400:
1380:, Presentation at the Technology Licensing Forum September 25, 1996. Archived March 1, 2005 on the
892:
726:
518:
3130:
3067:
2778:
2715:
2657:
2599:
2589:
2302:
2287:
1038:
394:
290:, which are streets which are planned but as of the printing of the map have not yet been built.
2783:
2479:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
944:
748:
744:
603:
307:
235:), a rock-eating animal. This was originally included as a copyright trap. The scientific name
170:
61:. There are more specific terms for particular kinds of fictitious entry, such as Mountweazel,
58:
1731:
3050:
3002:
2982:
2901:
2891:
2675:
2559:
1351:
1087:
1068:
382:. The programme concluded that the town's entry may well have originated as a copyright trap.
311:
860:
includes one imaginary animal and leaves it up to the reader to distinguish which one it is.
834:
116:
75:
3017:
2808:
2758:
2494:
2489:
2459:
2322:
1491:"Chapter 3: Flights of Fancy and Unhinged Birds: Fictitious Entries as Nonsense Literature"
1148:
1138:
441:
8:
2977:
2967:
2924:
2695:
2522:
2484:
2380:
1601:
1452:
1163:
967:
825:
399:
324:
157:
145:
2050:
1336:"In âThe Liarâs Dictionary,â People Work on the Definition of Love and Many Other Words"
3171:
3088:
2851:
2750:
2740:
2690:
2609:
2390:
2385:
2277:
2163:
2105:
1678:
1186:
972:
863:
The product catalogue for Swedish personal-use electronics and hobby articles retailer
811:
686:
487:
350:
333:
279:
70:
2068:"Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co., 796 F. Supp. 729 (E.D.N.Y. 1992)"
240:
2997:
2934:
2710:
2680:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2537:
2517:
2375:
2360:
2312:
2257:
1568:
1448:"'Glitch of the Pentagon': There's a reason you might not have heard of this monster"
1401:
1312:
1281:
1256:
1246:
1235:
910:
797:
709:, extensively documented in a series of articles and books by the equally fictitious
599:
564:
546:
295:
714:
584:
3135:
2959:
2939:
2841:
2803:
2788:
2579:
2428:
2410:
2370:
2267:
2182:
1880:
1869:
1381:
925:
883:
452:
1422:"Repair Radio Episode 4: Interview with David Pogue and Amanda LaGrange - YouTube"
3166:
3125:
3110:
3055:
2876:
2652:
2499:
2474:
2439:
2282:
1853:
1848:
1158:
1107:
1044:
954:
940:
864:
774:
706:
536:
419:
404:
357:
318:
218:
141:
111:
plagiarism. The surname came to be associated with all such fictitious entries.
3007:
2871:
2856:
2818:
2798:
2735:
2574:
2549:
2454:
2337:
2317:
2272:
2250:
1153:
1143:
1103:
1009:
801:
754:
736:
732:
718:
699:
540:
96:
38:
1421:
3150:
3115:
3072:
2881:
2861:
2700:
2444:
2292:
2197:
1828:
1759:
1347:
1331:
979:
850:
576:
499:
483:
418:
In the summer of 2008, the state-owned Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (
398:, placed deliberately false information about the first name of TV detective
343:
197:
1627:
820:: Lists Burdell as a letterman in the 1955â56, 1956â57, and 1957â58 seasons.
3120:
3040:
3035:
2919:
2763:
2705:
2685:
2192:
1809:
1606:
1308:
1260:
991:
853:
762:
740:
632:
559:
554:
437:
287:
46:
3012:
2972:
2823:
2730:
2725:
2594:
2584:
2569:
2395:
2365:
2347:
2212:
1133:
1121:
1076:
996:
995:
episode "Misdirection", Mountweazel is used to prove the plagiarism of a
948:
929:
668:. Esrum-Hellerup's surname derives from a Danish village and a suburb in
644:
607:
491:
283:
248:
232:
203:
149:
62:
2003:[Meaning of life] (in Swedish). Teknik magasinet. Archived from
1304:
Wordwatching: Breaking into the Dictionary: It's His Word Against Theirs
459:(curly and straight) in several of their song lyrics. When converted to
3093:
2992:
2949:
2914:
2833:
2773:
2667:
2604:
2423:
2307:
2297:
2222:
2207:
2202:
2177:
1859:(subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries)
1789:
1004:
962:
958:
778:
758:
669:
640:
507:
460:
456:
445:
375:
329:
137:
66:
54:
42:
1012:" revolves around the idea of "trap streets", in this case located in
717:. Allegedly, both the animals and the scientist were the creations of
2813:
2793:
2768:
2647:
2619:
2532:
2469:
2355:
2217:
2187:
2132:
847:
648:
611:
88:
2944:
2720:
2544:
2527:
2464:
2327:
2245:
2237:
1755:"Genius Claims Google Stole Lyrics Embedded With Secret Morse Code"
1726:
1106:
agreed to settle a case for ÂŁ20,000,000 when it was caught copying
1072:
830:
782:
571:
371:
303:
1233:
Harris, William H.; Levey, Judith S.; Columbia University (1975).
867:
contains a fictitious product. Finding that product is a contest,
262:
Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language
3060:
3045:
2929:
2846:
2564:
2332:
2262:
1884:
1698:
1533:
722:
710:
545:, edited by H. Cancik and H. Schneider, vol. 1 (Stuttgart, 1996,
479:
1722:""Hiybbprqag?" How Google Tripped Up Microsoft â Tech Talk"
1084:
Alexandria Drafting Co. v. Andrew H. Amsterdam dba Franklin Maps
2987:
1228:
1226:
1013:
921:, purportedly an ancient Chinese encyclopedia, two years later.
703:
433:
427:
1694:"Bing Copying Google? Bing Accused Of Stealing Search Results"
1232:
506:
A survey of food tastes by the US Army in the 1970s included "
3027:
2627:
665:
511:
495:
1529:"The Fake Places That Only Exist to Catch Copycat Mapmakers"
1223:
1042:, filed a $ 300 million lawsuit against the distributors of
260:
Russell, Thomas H.; Bean, A. C.; Vaugh, L. D., eds. (1943).
2509:
1874:
1052:
inventors argued that facts are not protected by copyright.
592:
588:
299:
1929:. Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. p. 136. Archived from
785:
player who could pitch a baseball as fast as 168 mph.
514:" and "braised trake" to control for inattentive answers.
258:
once contained an entry for the fictitious bird jungftak:
1063:
sued Hagstrom Map Corporation for publishing and selling
904:
153:
595:. The MÄori language does not use the letters J, X or Z.
463:, these apostrophes spelled out the phrase "Red Handed".
256:
New Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language
1588:"Centrica and Ordnance Survey settle AA copyright case"
947:
ship comes to grief after trying to find a nonexistent
402:
for copy-trap purposes. He later sued the creators of
336:. Agloe is also featured prominently in the 2022 novel
1782:"Funistrada, the Army's 'Ghost Food' - Entropic Memes"
360:(OS) obtained a ÂŁ20m out-of-court settlement from the
239:
implies its origin: a creation of the German humorist
1274:
Burridge, Kate; Bergs, Alexander (November 3, 2016).
1842:"The Life and Times of Lillian Virginia Mountweazel"
1660:
SHMĂ suspicious that meteo.sk is stealing their data
943:
short story, "The Annihilation of Angkor Apeiron" a
1968:
Georgia Tech Basketball 2016â2017 Information Guide
1876:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online
1871:
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
951:
inserted into an encyclopedia to catch plagiarists.
436:, alleging its search results for a misspelling of
1234:
1093:Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co.
1059:, a New York corporation which published and sold
1057:Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co.
175:Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co.
1365:Chambers's Shorter Six-Figure Mathematical Tables
1181:
1179:
302:were inserted into that year's official state of
49:, maps, and directories, added by the editors as
3148:
1065:New York City Taxi & Limousine Drivers Guide
639:, a collection of photographs of rural American
424:SlovenskĂœ hydrometeorologickĂœ Ășstav, short: SHMĂ
259:
27:Deliberately incorrect entry in a reference work
1367:, Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1964, p. vi.
773:commissioned an April 1, 1985 cover story from
661:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
412:
1176:
214:chamber where an audience inhales scented air.
2148:
1273:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1079:") are not themselves protected by copyright.
478:Some publications such as those published by
1599:
1554:
1552:
1500:(PhD). Royal Holloway, University of London.
678:Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit
627:(1942â1973). Her biography claims she was a
1220:August 29, 2005 (accessed August 29, 2013).
735:is a fictional character often included in
378:in an episode of the BBC Radio 4 programme
2155:
2141:
2027:"The Courier - Google News Archive Search"
1857:, March 20, 2009. Retrieved March 27 2009
1774:
1201:
919:Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge
2129:â requires subscription for full article)
1558:
1549:
529:
294:In 1978, the fictional American towns of
278:Fictitious entries on maps may be called
1802:
1488:
685:, a 1953 collection of short stories by
349:Mount Richard, a fictitious peak on the
1394:Lieber, Rochelle (September 24, 2015).
14:
3149:
2162:
2001:"Teknikmagasinet â meningen med livet"
1927:Georgia Tech Football 2016 Media Guide
1813:, Boston, MA (published July 16, 1985)
1643:Worth v. Selchow & Righter Company
1393:
905:Fictitious entries in works of fiction
37:are deliberately incorrect entries in
2136:
1805:"Ripton, Mass. - A Real Nowhere Town"
1752:
1671:
1300:
1061:Official New York Taxi Driver's Guide
841:
814:in the 1928, 1929, and 1930 seasons.
598:Most listings of the members of the
50:
1512:"A sidestep in the right direction"
1378:U.S. Legal Protection for Databases
474:List of scholarly publishing stings
356:In the United Kingdom in 2001, the
267:alone, had to remain on the ground.
24:
2098:
1730:. February 2, 2011. Archived from
693:
689:set in a fictional Balkan country.
602:feature the fictitious politician
524:
467:
193:The New Oxford American Dictionary
184:
131:
25:
3198:
2116:
1672:Pogue, Glenn (February 2, 2011).
1632:, BBC Radio 4, September 18, 2010
224:Pschyrembel Klinisches Wörterbuch
156:, or invented phone numbers in a
1301:Horne, Alex (January 14, 2010).
1115:
1098:In one particular case, in 2001
517:In 1985, the fictitious town of
128:("article"), is sometimes used.
2799:Party platforms (or manifestos)
2085:
2060:
2044:
2019:
1993:
1948:
1907:
1863:
1835:
1817:
1796:
1753:Kreps, Daniel (June 16, 2019).
1746:
1714:
1686:
1665:
1653:
1635:
1621:
1593:
1581:
1521:
1504:
1482:
1467:
1440:
1414:
1020:
623:contains a fictitious entry on
386:
370:The fictitious English town of
1825:"The phantom of the Bundestag"
1662:News portal SME.sk (in Slovak)
1600:Andrew Clark (March 6, 2001).
1400:. Cambridge University Press.
1387:
1370:
1357:
1325:
1294:
1267:
934:Mother Hitton's Littul Kittons
779:The Curious Case of Sidd Finch
658:The first printing in 1980 of
643:. Supposedly, she was born in
82:
13:
1:
2112:(Accessed September 25, 2005)
1342:, January 5, 2021. Review of
1277:Understanding Language Change
1237:The New Columbia encyclopedia
1169:
392:Fred L. Worth, the author of
2887:Rally 'round the flag effect
1974:. p. 82. Archived from
1602:"Copying maps costs AA ÂŁ20m"
1067:, alleging violation of the
781:", a fictitious self-taught
625:Lillian Virginia Mountweazel
413:Other copyright infringement
7:
1972:Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets
1803:Woodward, Meredith (1985),
1565:University of Chicago Press
1127:
486:are used to detect lack of
310:and its traditional rival,
10:
3203:
2051:The "Philip Columbo" story
1563:(2nd. ed.). Chicago:
1489:Williams, Eleanor (2016).
1241:(4th ed.). New York:
1100:The Automobile Association
915:Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
581:Music Lovers' Encyclopedia
543:. Enzyklopaedie der Antike
471:
3081:
3026:
2958:
2900:
2832:
2749:
2666:
2618:
2508:
2419:
2346:
2236:
2228:Manipulation (psychology)
2170:
1847:October 14, 2012, at the
1650: (9th Cir. 1987).
1243:Columbia University Press
1036:Fred L. Worth, author of
620:New Columbia Encyclopedia
563:, which resembles modern
312:The Ohio State University
227:features an entry on the
211:New Columbia Encyclopedia
103:New Columbia Encyclopedia
2406:Criticism of advertising
2123:The word: Copyright trap
2057:(Accessed March 7, 2006)
1920:"All-Time Letterwinners"
1674:"On Google's Bing Sting"
1559:Monmonier, Mark (1996).
1474:The word: Copyright trap
1354:). Retrieved 2021-01-07.
893:The Golden Turkey Awards
727:University of Heidelberg
651:while on assignment for
591:. It was proved to be a
209:In addition to the 1975
3068:Promotional merchandise
2779:Character assassination
2716:Narcotizing dysfunction
2590:Photograph manipulation
2303:Guerrilla communication
1039:The Trivia Encyclopedia
743:, designed to fool the
647:, Ohio, and died in an
451:In 2019, media company
395:The Trivia Encyclopedia
273:
124:("nothing") and German
3182:Copyright infringement
3051:Product demonstrations
2480:Historical negationism
1397:Introducing Morphology
804:in team media guides:
749:1974 NHL amateur draft
745:National Hockey League
681:includes entries from
604:Jakob Maria Mierscheid
575:was the last entry in
530:Reference publications
423:
362:Automobile Association
317:The fictional town of
308:University of Michigan
120:, combining the Latin
115:
74:
59:copyright infringement
2983:Reputation management
2902:Psychological warfare
2751:Political campaigning
2560:Firehose of falsehood
2055:Ultimate Columbo Site
1344:The Liarâs Dictionary
1088:Copyright Act of 1976
1069:Copyright Act of 1976
984:The Liar's Dictionary
810:: Lists Burdell as a
741:George "Punch" Imlach
440:started appearing in
221:medical encyclopedia
152:may be included in a
53:to reveal subsequent
3187:Plagiarism detectors
3018:Corporate propaganda
1961:"Tech Letterwinners"
1831:. December 10, 2014.
1648:827 F.2d 596
1561:How to Lie with Maps
1149:Honeypot (computing)
1139:Digital watermarking
683:Tales of Maghrebinia
565:association football
374:was investigated by
3106:Media concentration
2978:Non-apology apology
2968:Cult of personality
2696:Emotive conjugation
2450:Burying of scholars
1792:on October 1, 2020.
1734:on February 4, 2011
1453:The Washington Post
1164:Lexicographic error
858:Astonishing Animals
826:Jean-Baptiste Botul
796:have long included
492:editorial oversight
334:its film adaptation
306:map as nods to the
280:phantom settlements
177:, 796 F.Supp. 729,
158:telephone directory
146:mathematical tables
3157:Fictitious entries
3089:Influence-for-hire
2882:National mythology
2852:Crowd manipulation
2741:Tabloid journalism
2610:Video manipulation
2555:Fictitious entries
2278:Civil disobedience
2164:Media manipulation
2104:Michael Quinion: "
1679:The New York Times
1567:. pp. 50â51.
1189:. World Wide Words
835:Bernard-Henri LĂ©vy
770:Sports Illustrated
687:Gregor von Rezzori
351:continental divide
237:Petrophaga lorioti
171:Fred Worth lawsuit
71:phantom settlement
3144:
3143:
2910:Airborne leaflets
2789:Election promises
2643:Product placement
2518:Alternative facts
2258:Alternative media
1981:on March 24, 2017
1936:on March 24, 2017
911:Jorge Luis Borges
842:Puzzles and games
798:George P. Burdell
725:professor at the
702:are a fictitious
635:, best known for
629:fountain designer
600:German parliament
488:academic scrutiny
339:The Cartographers
296:Beatosu and Goblu
16:(Redirected from
3194:
3177:1970s neologisms
3136:Media proprietor
2960:Public relations
2940:Public diplomacy
2925:Information (IT)
2804:Name recognition
2429:Media regulation
2411:Annoyance factor
2268:Call-out culture
2183:Crowd psychology
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2110:World Wide Words
2092:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2007:on April 3, 2008
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1965:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1888:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1788:. Archived from
1786:www.slugsite.com
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1597:
1591:
1590:, March 5, 2001.
1585:
1579:
1578:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1525:
1519:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1479:October 21, 2006
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1428:. March 15, 2019
1418:
1412:
1411:
1391:
1385:
1382:Internet Archive
1374:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1240:
1230:
1221:
1210:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1183:
926:Cordwainer Smith
913:'s short story "
818:Men's basketball
757:is a fictitious
269:
264:(4th ed.).
190:In August 2005,
21:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3162:False documents
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3131:Media influence
3126:Media franchise
3111:Media democracy
3077:
3022:
2954:
2896:
2877:Loaded language
2828:
2745:
2662:
2614:
2504:
2433:
2415:
2342:
2283:Culture jamming
2232:
2166:
2161:
2119:
2101:
2099:Further reading
2096:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2031:news.google.com
2025:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1854:The Irish Times
1851:, Aidan Dunne,
1849:Wayback Machine
1840:
1836:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1801:
1797:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1557:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1537:. April 3, 2015
1527:
1526:
1522:
1518:, May 11, 2006.
1509:
1505:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1426:www.youtube.com
1420:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1392:
1388:
1376:Fred Greguras,
1375:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1272:
1268:
1253:
1231:
1224:
1211:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1159:Sting operation
1130:
1118:
1108:Ordnance Survey
1050:Trivial Pursuit
1045:Trivial Pursuit
1023:
973:film adaptation
955:Agloe, New York
941:Fred Saberhagen
907:
865:Teknikmagasinet
851:palaeontologist
844:
775:George Plimpton
696:
694:Practical jokes
537:German-language
532:
527:
525:Humorous hoaxes
476:
470:
468:Scrutiny checks
415:
405:Trivial Pursuit
389:
358:Ordnance Survey
319:Agloe, New York
276:
219:German-language
187:
185:Reference works
134:
132:Copyright traps
85:
51:copyright traps
39:reference works
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3200:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3008:Understatement
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:Indoctrination
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Disinformation
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2819:Smear campaign
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2736:Sensationalism
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Agenda-setting
2672:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:False document
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Catch and kill
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:Demonstrations
2285:
2280:
2275:
2273:Cancel culture
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2117:External links
2115:
2114:
2113:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2059:
2043:
2018:
1992:
1947:
1906:
1879:. De Gruyter.
1862:
1834:
1816:
1795:
1773:
1745:
1713:
1685:
1664:
1652:
1634:
1620:
1592:
1580:
1573:
1548:
1520:
1510:SA Mathieson,
1503:
1481:
1466:
1439:
1413:
1406:
1386:
1369:
1363:L. J. Comrie,
1356:
1340:New York Times
1332:Garner, Dwight
1324:
1317:
1293:
1286:
1266:
1251:
1222:
1218:The New Yorker
1212:Henry Alford,
1200:
1187:"Nihilartikel"
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:List of hoaxes
1151:
1146:
1144:False document
1141:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1104:United Kingdom
1096:
1080:
1053:
1028:Feist v. Rural
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1010:Face the Raven
1000:
987:
976:
965:'s 2008 novel
952:
937:
922:
906:
903:
902:
901:
888:
880:
872:
869:BlufftÀvlingen
861:
843:
840:
839:
838:
823:
822:
821:
815:
786:
766:
755:Franz Bibfeldt
752:
737:Buffalo Sabres
733:Taro Tsujimoto
730:
719:Gerolf Steiner
715:Harald StĂŒmpke
700:Rhinogradentia
695:
692:
691:
690:
673:
656:
615:
596:
568:
541:Der neue Pauly
531:
528:
526:
523:
469:
466:
465:
464:
449:
431:
414:
411:
410:
409:
388:
385:
384:
383:
368:
365:
354:
347:
315:
275:
272:
271:
270:
252:
215:
207:
201:
186:
183:
166:Feist v. Rural
133:
130:
97:The New Yorker
94:was coined by
84:
81:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3199:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Media ecology
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3099:United States
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3073:Telemarketing
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:Fearmongering
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:False balance
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2658:Word of mouth
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Broadcast law
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Deplatforming
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:False balance
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2128:
2127:New Scientist
2124:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1830:
1829:The Economist
1826:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1762:
1761:
1760:Rolling Stone
1756:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1574:0-226-53421-9
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1477:New Scientist
1475:
1470:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1409:
1407:9781316425268
1403:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1348:Eley Williams
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1318:9780753520444
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1287:9781315462998
1283:
1280:. Routledge.
1279:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1165:
1162:
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3121:Media ethics
3041:Door-to-door
3036:Cold calling
3013:Weasel words
2920:Fifth column
2814:Push polling
2764:Astroturfing
2726:Pseudo-event
2706:Infotainment
2681:Broadcasting
2600:Urban legend
2554:
2523:April Fools'
2396:Testimonials
2366:Infomercials
2193:Dumbing down
2126:
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2071:
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2030:
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2005:the original
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1976:the original
1967:
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1931:the original
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1885:10.1515/pmbz
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1758:
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1732:the original
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1191:. Retrieved
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990:
983:
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854:Tim Flannery
794:Georgia Tech
790:sports teams
768:
763:Martin Marty
682:
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653:Combustibles
652:
636:
633:photographer
624:
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560:apopudobalia
558:
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438:tarsorrhaphy
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284:trap streets
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117:nihilartikel
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108:Combustibles
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76:nihilartikel
43:dictionaries
35:fake entries
34:
30:
29:
18:Nihilartikel
2993:Sound bites
2973:Doublespeak
2824:Wedge issue
2784:Dog whistle
2759:Advertising
2585:Lying press
2570:Gaslighting
2348:Advertising
2323:Occupations
2213:Obfuscation
2203:Half-truths
2077:October 10,
2036:October 10,
1702:. Australia
1541:January 11,
1432:January 11,
1134:Canary trap
1122:ghost words
1077:trap street
997:magic trick
968:Paper Towns
957:, is a key
949:star system
930:short story
747:during the
713:naturalist
608:stone louse
587:word for a
457:apostrophes
325:Paper Towns
249:Berlin Wall
245:Pschyrembel
233:stone louse
204:David Pogue
92:Mountweazel
83:Terminology
63:trap street
3151:Categories
3094:Media bias
2950:Subversion
2915:False flag
2892:Techniques
2834:Propaganda
2794:Lawn signs
2774:Canvassing
2668:News media
2424:Censorship
2356:Billboards
2308:Hacktivism
2298:Grassroots
2223:Persuasion
2106:Kelemenopy
2072:Justia Law
1903:PĆzibislav
1899:Eustachios
1252:0231035721
1170:References
1005:Doctor Who
963:John Green
959:plot point
848:Australian
759:theologian
670:Copenhagen
508:funistrada
482:biologist
472:See also:
461:Morse code
446:hiybbprqag
376:Steve Punt
330:John Green
254:Webster's
138:plagiarism
67:paper town
55:plagiarism
31:Fictitious
3172:Deception
3056:Promotion
2935:Political
2842:Bandwagon
2769:Attack ad
2648:Publicity
2620:Marketing
2533:Fake news
2495:Religious
2490:Political
2470:Euphemism
2465:Cover-ups
2460:Corporate
2328:Petitions
2218:Orwellian
2188:Deception
2011:April 23,
1985:March 24,
1940:March 24,
1613:April 23,
1352:Doubleday
1193:April 23,
1008:episode "
982:'s novel
945:Berserker
890:The book
812:letterman
802:lettermen
704:mammalian
649:explosion
641:mailboxes
637:Flags Up!
617:The 1975
612:Frankfurt
229:Steinlaus
181:, 1992).
114:The term
89:neologism
3003:Transfer
2945:Sedition
2809:Negative
2721:Newspeak
2711:Managing
2653:Research
2628:Branding
2580:Literary
2545:Fakelore
2538:websites
2528:Deepfake
2485:Internet
2376:Modeling
2333:Protests
2313:Internet
2246:Advocacy
2238:Activism
1873:(2013).
1845:Archived
1727:CBS News
1459:July 25,
1128:See also
1073:enjoined
971:and its
928:'s 1961
856:'s book
831:botulism
808:Football
783:baseball
572:Zzxjoanw
380:Punt P.I
372:Argleton
304:Michigan
179:E.D.N.Y.
142:Chambers
41:such as
3082:Related
3061:Spaving
3046:Pricing
2988:Slogans
2930:Lawfare
2867:Framing
2847:Big lie
2638:Product
2633:Loyalty
2565:Forgery
2510:Hoaxing
2391:Slogans
2371:Mobiles
2263:Boycott
2171:Context
1766:July 2,
1699:The Age
1629:Punt PI
1534:Gizmodo
1261:1103123
1102:in the
989:In the
939:In the
723:zoology
557:sport,
480:Harvard
400:Columbo
144:' 1964
126:Artikel
3167:Hoaxes
2686:Circus
2595:Racial
1895:Eirene
1646:,
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1111:roads.
1014:London
711:German
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519:Ripton
453:Genius
434:Google
428:Chopok
420:Slovak
243:. The
241:Loriot
73:, and
3028:Sales
2731:Scrum
2691:Cycle
2605:Virus
2475:Films
2440:Books
2381:Radio
2361:False
2338:Youth
2318:Media
2251:group
2208:Media
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1964:(PDF)
1954:See,
1934:(PDF)
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1494:(PDF)
884:Games
707:order
666:flute
645:Bangs
585:MÄori
555:Roman
512:ermal
498:, or
496:fraud
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2998:Spin
2575:List
2500:Self
2178:Bias
2079:2018
2038:2018
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1915:e.g.
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1461:2019
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1282:ISBN
1257:OCLC
1247:ISBN
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777:on "
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