446:. Cheynet believes that Melissenos was probably more concerned with safeguarding his Asian estates from the depredations of the Turks rather than claiming the throne, and when Alexios granted him Thessalonica and equivalent estates around it – some of which Melissenos later distributed to his clients, like the Bourtzes family – he readily gave up the contest for the Byzantine throne.
402:
from
Constantinople. There, he received news of the revolt of the Komnenoi against Botaneiates and the proclamation of Alexios Komnenos as emperor. He sent letters to the Komnenoi, suggesting a division of authority over the imperial territory, with the Balkans remaining under Komnenian control and
466:
remained in their hands. Thus, by becoming involved in the
Byzantine civil wars as mercenaries and allies – especially through their use by Botaneiates and Melissenos during their respective revolts to hold down various cities for them – the Turks completed their relatively peaceful take-over of
413:– the Empire's second-most important city – if he would submit to them. Melissenos initially refused to accept this offer, but as the Komnenoi were on the verge of taking Constantinople and might refuse to make similar concessions later, he eventually agreed.
512:
in the belief that this was the main
Byzantine force, since the emperor was present with it. While the Normans pursued Melissenos's men, Alexios with the main army took and looted the Norman camp, forcing Bohemond to lift the siege and withdraw.
524:, commanding the Byzantine left wing. The battle ended in a heavy Byzantine defeat, and Melissenos was taken captive along with many other Byzantines, to be ransomed by the emperor after some time. In spring 1091, Melissenos was sent to
368:
to his army. One by one, the cities of western and central Asia Minor opened up their gates to him, and
Turkish garrisons were installed in them. Botaneiates tried to send Alexios Komnenos, who had recently suppressed the revolts of
416:
At the same time, Nikephoros
Botaneiates tried to forestall the capital's fall to the Komnenoi by sending for Melissenos and asking him to enter the city and assume imperial authority. His envoys, however, were obstructed by
449:
Despite the end of
Melissenos's revolt, it left a profound and detrimental legacy for Byzantium: although Melissenos himself submitted to Alexios Komnenos, the towns he had occupied and garrisoned with Turkish soldiers in
421:
and never reached
Melissenos. Thus Constantinople fell to the Komnenian forces, and on 8 April 1081, Melissenos too entered the imperial capital. True to his word, Alexios I raised him to
2734:
2719:
403:
himself keeping Asia Minor, although he also emphasized that the
Byzantine Empire should remain formally united. In reply, the Komnenoi offered to recognize him as
1203:
442:
This act of submission, unique among the various rebels of the time, may throw some light on
Melissenos's motivation for his uprising, according to the historian
344:(Nikephoros III), which began in October 1077. Michael VII rewarded him by appointing him to Botaneiates's post, but after Botaneiates's victory and entry into
475:
Melissenos continued to serve
Alexios I faithfully throughout the rest of his life. In autumn 1081, he marched alongside Alexios in his campaign against the
443:
607:, and he apparently retired to his estates around Thessalonica. He died on 17 November 1104. The date of his wife's death is unknown, but was before 1136.
925:
753:
698:
641:
425:
and gave him authority over Thessalonica, as well as allotting the city's revenues to his income. At the same time, however, Alexios raised his brother
313:
229:, where his family had extensive estates. Through both his father and his mother, he was of aristocratic descent: his father belonged to the
2709:
230:
1189:
2679:
1300:
536:. Occupied with this task, he did not join the imperial army in time for the crushing Byzantine victory over the Pechenegs at the
2714:
1825:
552:
251:
1222:
The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century
2619:
2487:
1084:
426:
2652:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
1248:
1832:
2699:
2455:
1230:
1178:
1108:
1063:
2724:
201:. He remained loyal to Alexios thereafter, participating in most Byzantine campaigns of the period 1081–1095 in the
364:. There, he succeeded in gaining the support of the local population, and in recruiting many Turkish tribesmen as
2421:
2404:
2231:
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2184:
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2073:
1099:
370:
301:
278:
121:
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312:), and Melissenos along with Manuel Komnenos were captured by a Turkish chieftain whom the Byzantines called
1147:] (in French). Louvain-la-Neuve and Louvain: Bureau du Recueil Collège Érasme and Éditions Nauwelaerts.
2684:
2248:
1293:
484:
316:. Manuel, however, quickly persuaded the Turk to enter into Byzantine service, and their captivity ended.
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2008:
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and Kourtikes was sent against him, but was defeated almost without battle, and withdrew to the capital.
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2639:
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2411:
2202:
1971:
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176:
53:
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in 1071, when several generals tried to seize the throne for themselves, Melissenos remained loyal to
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1170:
590:
148:
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2509:
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1703:
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2118:
1998:
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409:– the second highest dignity after the imperial title itself – and to give him the governance of
248:
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1309:
548:
544:
341:
237:
family, which dated back to the 8th century and had produced several distinguished generals.
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2568:
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2539:
2534:
2450:
2287:
2275:
2046:
1671:
495:
487:, which ended in a crushing Byzantine defeat, he commanded the Byzantine army's right wing.
159:
general and aristocrat. Of distinguished lineage, he served as a governor and general in the
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2359:
2334:
2299:
2214:
2128:
1978:
1809:
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and proclaimed himself emperor against Botaneiates. After the revolt of his brother-in-law
508:. The emperor gave him the imperial insignia and a detachment of the army, which Bohemond
8:
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63:
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1160:
1145:
The Byzantine Personalities of the Alexiad: Prosopographical Analysis and Synthesis
156:
34:
179:. In 1080–1081, with Turkish aid, he seized control of what remained of Byzantine
2265:
2255:
2164:
1951:
1859:
1847:
1841:
1693:
1514:
1484:
1427:
1407:
1220:
1164:
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1053:
575:
570:. The council degenerated into a heated family quarrel, where John's father, the
480:
383:
2159:
2123:
2068:
1961:
1884:
1782:
1776:
1708:
1688:
1442:
1402:
1049:
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345:
337:
274:
255:
193:
188:
133:
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2629:
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2133:
1941:
1749:
1211:
1141:
Les personnages byzantins de l'Alexiade: Analyse prosopographique et synthèse
476:
431:
300:). In 1070, he joined the field army commanded by his eldest brother-in-law,
1264:
2374:
2169:
2101:
2096:
2086:
1909:
1771:
1412:
1152:
598:
594:
410:
395:
305:
198:
94:
377:, against him, but he refused. In February 1081, Melissenos's troops took
2238:
2113:
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1988:
1562:
1509:
1452:
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2209:
2174:
2139:
2051:
1966:
1726:
1719:
1666:
1646:
1591:
1556:
1549:
1494:
1459:
1322:
529:
361:
234:
180:
164:
1308:
381:, where he was acclaimed as emperor. A loyalist army under the eunuch
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1993:
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1890:
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1606:
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of slandering his son, but in the end Alexios dismissed the charges.
521:
365:
332:
286:
226:
80:
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1347:
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597:) against Cuman attacks. This is the last mention of Melissenos in
491:
463:
399:
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1946:
1853:
1766:
1621:
1397:
603:
543:
Later in the same year, he participated in the family council of
499:
459:
455:
202:
160:
30:
1249:"Les Lettres de Théophylacte de Bulgarie à Nicéphore Mélissènos"
2015:
1872:
1754:
1526:
1392:
593:
were left in charge of defending the region of Berrhoe (modern
582:
533:
378:
240:
Sometime before 1067, Nikephoros married Eudokia Komnene. Born
1616:
1387:
1377:
1357:
991:
979:
451:
309:
297:
1225:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
967:
943:
795:
659:
1362:
1352:
828:
826:
824:
822:
716:
525:
886:
862:
838:
733:
731:
704:
874:
502:, Melissenos was used by Alexios as the centerpiece to a
349:
292:
1204:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
1003:
955:
898:
850:
819:
394:
In March 1081, Melissenos was encamped with his army at
1015:
807:
771:
728:
647:
671:
348:
in April 1078, Melissenos was exiled to the island of
308:. The campaign ended in defeat near Sebasteia (modern
931:
759:
1055:
The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204: A Political History
1027:
783:
360:
In autumn 1080, Melissenos left Kos and returned to
205:
at the emperor's side. He died on 17 November 1104.
1079:(in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne.
470:
2661:
1103:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
167:in the 1060s. In the turbulent period after the
1124:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor
494:against the Normans, who, under Guiscard's son
2735:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Norman wars
2720:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
1294:
1076:Pouvoir et Contestations à Byzance (963–1210)
191:, he submitted to him, accepting the rank of
1166:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
516:Melissenos fought alongside Alexios in the
213:
1301:
1287:
1126:. Athens: Foundation of the Hellenic World
233:line, while his mother to the illustrious
1159:
1138:
1009:
985:
973:
961:
949:
904:
856:
832:
801:
737:
722:
665:
272:). They had at least one known son, the
218:Nikephoros Melissenos was probably born
91:17 November 1104 (aged 58–59)
1218:
1202:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki:
1117:
1072:
921:
917:
915:
913:
892:
868:
749:
694:
637:
2662:
1246:
1187:
1048:
1033:
1021:
997:
937:
880:
844:
813:
789:
777:
765:
710:
690:
688:
686:
677:
653:
633:
631:
1282:
625:, "Melissenos" (A. Kazhdan), p. 1335.
284:By 1067, Melissenos held the rank of
247:, she was the second daughter of the
187:, however, which succeeded in taking
1118:Nikolia, Dimitra (17 October 2003).
910:
743:
540:on 29 April, arriving the next day.
2710:Byzantine governors of Thessalonica
683:
628:
528:to recruit soldiers from among the
290:and the post of military governor (
13:
1240:
1100:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
547:which examined the accusations of
14:
2746:
581:In the 1095 campaign against the
1058:. London and New York: Longman.
520:in late August 1087 against the
467:central and western Asia Minor.
435:, which he placed above that of
429:to the newly created dignity of
398:, on the Asian shore across the
175:and was exiled by his successor
2680:11th-century Byzantine generals
1093:
622:
325:
267:
18:Usurper of the Byzantine Empire
2715:Generals of Alexios I Komnenos
574:Isaac, accused Melissenos and
471:Service under Alexios Komnenos
330:) during the rebellion of the
1:
1196:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
1188:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
1073:Cheynet, Jean-Claude (1996).
610:
319:Melissenos remained loyal to
241:
219:
141:
73:
355:
304:, in a campaign against the
208:
7:
1253:Revue des études byzantines
10:
2751:
2700:Caesars (Byzantine nobles)
2574:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2525:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2412:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1139:Skoulatos, Basile (1980).
1042:
177:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
54:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2650:
2582:
2547:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2515:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2340:Constantine IX Monomachos
2028:
1925:
1808:
1635:
1473:
1321:
1191:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
1171:Stanford University Press
585:, Melissenos, along with
258:and sister of the future
137:
115:
101:
87:
69:
59:
49:
41:
28:
23:
2510:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1219:Vryonis, Speros (1971).
1169:. Stanford, California:
490:In the 1083 campaign in
439:, bypassing Melissenos.
214:Origins and early career
2365:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1999:Tiberius II Constantine
1265:10.3406/rebyz.1972.1455
1247:Maslev, Stoyan (1972).
1120:"Nikephoros Melissenos"
1000:, pp. 83, 136–138.
296:) in Triaditza (modern
249:Domestic of the Schools
2520:Michael IX Palaiologos
342:Nikephoros Botaneiates
197:and the governance of
2725:People from Eskişehir
2614:Thessalonian emperors
2608:Trapezuntine emperors
2569:John VIII Palaiologos
2564:Manuel II Palaiologos
2535:John VI Kantakouzenos
2451:Andronikos I Komnenos
2288:Constantine Lekapenos
1316:and empresses regnant
713:, pp. 62–63, 81.
485:Battle of Dyrrhachium
153:Nicephorus Melissenus
147:– 17 November 1104),
130:Nikephoros Melissenos
24:Nikephoros Melissenos
2552:John VII Palaiologos
2500:Theodore II Laskaris
2360:Constantine X Doukas
2300:Nikephoros II Phokas
988:, pp. 136, 244.
847:, pp. 128, 149.
668:, pp. 240, 244.
565:Archbishop of Ochrid
375:Nikephoros Basilakes
371:Nikephoros Bryennios
138:Νικηφόρος Μελισσηνός
2685:11th-century rebels
2483:Theodore I Laskaris
2468:Alexios III Angelos
2446:Alexios II Komnenos
2370:Romanos IV Diogenes
2325:Romanos III Argyros
2271:Romanos I Lekapenos
976:, pp. 243–244.
952:, pp. 242–243.
895:, pp. 103–113.
883:, pp. 119–120.
871:, pp. 355–356.
804:, pp. 241–242.
725:, pp. 240–241.
538:Battle of Levounion
510:proceeded to attack
444:Jean-Claude Cheynet
169:Battle of Manzikert
2695:Byzantine usurpers
2690:Byzantine generals
2602:Britannic emperors
2596:Palmyrene emperors
2530:John V Palaiologos
2473:Alexios IV Angelos
2422:Constantine Doukas
2417:Alexios I Komnenos
2405:Constantine Doukas
2388:Michael VII Doukas
2350:Michael VI Bringas
1916:Romulus Augustulus
1539:Trebonianus Gallus
1532:Herennius Etruscus
1314:Byzantine emperors
1095:Kazhdan, Alexander
656:, pp. 80, 84.
587:George Palaiologos
419:George Palaiologos
389:George Palaiologos
321:Michael VII Doukas
263:Alexios I Komnenos
185:Alexios I Komnenos
173:Michael VII Doukas
97:, Byzantine Empire
83:, Byzantine Empire
64:Alexios I Komnenos
2705:Melissenos family
2657:
2656:
2495:John III Vatatzes
2441:Manuel I Komnenos
2180:Michael I Rangabe
2024:
2023:
1866:Petronius Maximus
1465:Severus Alexander
1433:Septimius Severus
1161:Treadgold, Warren
1086:978-2-85944-168-5
1024:, pp. 83–84.
816:, pp. 82–83.
780:, pp. 81–82.
680:, pp. 80–81.
518:Battle of Dristra
260:Byzantine emperor
127:
126:
2742:
2505:John IV Laskaris
2478:Alexios V Doukas
2463:Isaac II Angelos
2429:John II Komnenos
2355:Isaac I Komnenos
2315:Constantine VIII
2305:John I Tzimiskes
2032:Byzantine Empire
1806:
1805:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1236:
1215:
1201:
1184:
1156:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1114:
1090:
1069:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
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1001:
995:
989:
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953:
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941:
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714:
708:
702:
692:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
635:
626:
620:
329:
328: 1071–1078
327:
271:
270: 1081–1118
269:
246:
243:
224:
221:
146:
143:
139:
78:
75:
35:Byzantine Empire
21:
20:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2646:
2590:Gallic emperors
2578:
2266:Constantine VII
2047:Constantine III
2034:
2031:
2020:
1929:
1921:
1860:Valentinian III
1848:Constantius III
1842:Priscus Attalus
1826:Constantine III
1812:
1804:
1694:Valerius Valens
1639:
1631:
1477:
1469:
1428:Didius Julianus
1408:Marcus Aurelius
1325:
1317:
1307:
1269:
1267:
1259:(30): 179–186.
1243:
1241:Further reading
1233:
1199:
1181:
1129:
1127:
1111:
1087:
1066:
1050:Angold, Michael
1045:
1040:
1032:
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1016:
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1004:
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903:
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843:
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820:
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808:
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796:
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709:
705:
693:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
636:
629:
621:
617:
613:
576:Adrian Komnenos
551:raised against
498:were besieging
481:Robert Guiscard
473:
384:protovestiarios
358:
324:
302:Manuel Komnenos
266:
244:
222:
216:
211:
144:
111:
108:Eudokia Komnene
92:
79:
76:
19:
12:
11:
5:
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2738:
2737:
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2727:
2722:
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2502:
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2443:
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2426:
2414:
2409:
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2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2345:Theodora (III)
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2241:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2207:
2195:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Constantine VI
2157:
2152:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:Theodosius III
2121:
2116:
2111:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2069:Constantine IV
2066:
2061:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:Eastern Empire
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1810:Western Empire
1803:
1802:
1795:
1783:Magnus Maximus
1779:
1777:Valentinian II
1774:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1709:Constantius II
1706:
1704:Constantine II
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1403:Antoninus Pius
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1326:27 BC – AD 235
1319:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1216:
1185:
1179:
1157:
1136:
1115:
1109:
1097:, ed. (1991).
1091:
1085:
1070:
1064:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1012:, p. 244.
1010:Skoulatos 1980
1002:
990:
986:Skoulatos 1980
978:
974:Skoulatos 1980
966:
964:, p. 243.
962:Skoulatos 1980
954:
950:Skoulatos 1980
942:
940:, p. 150.
930:
909:
907:, p. 614.
905:Treadgold 1997
897:
885:
873:
861:
859:, p. 613.
857:Treadgold 1997
849:
837:
835:, p. 242.
833:Skoulatos 1980
818:
806:
802:Skoulatos 1980
794:
782:
770:
768:, p. 119.
758:
742:
740:, p. 241.
738:Skoulatos 1980
727:
723:Skoulatos 1980
715:
703:
682:
670:
666:Skoulatos 1980
658:
646:
627:
614:
612:
609:
591:John Taronites
505:ruse de guerre
472:
469:
427:Isaac Komnenos
357:
354:
346:Constantinople
338:Anatolic Theme
275:parakoimomenos
256:Anna Dalassene
215:
212:
210:
207:
189:Constantinople
125:
124:
119:
113:
112:
110:
109:
105:
103:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2747:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2649:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2449:
2447:
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2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2227:Theodora (II)
2225:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:Constantine V
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Anastasius II
2117:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Theodosius II
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Valentinian I
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1672:Constantine I
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Constantius I
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:(in French).
1254:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1232:0-520-01597-5
1228:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1180:0-8047-2630-2
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1110:0-19-504652-8
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1065:0-582-29468-1
1061:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1036:, p. 84.
1035:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1006:
999:
994:
987:
982:
975:
970:
963:
958:
951:
946:
939:
934:
927:
923:
918:
916:
914:
906:
901:
894:
889:
882:
877:
870:
865:
858:
853:
846:
841:
834:
829:
827:
825:
823:
815:
810:
803:
798:
792:, p. 82.
791:
786:
779:
774:
767:
762:
755:
751:
746:
739:
734:
732:
724:
719:
712:
707:
700:
696:
691:
689:
687:
679:
674:
667:
662:
655:
650:
643:
639:
634:
632:
624:
619:
615:
608:
606:
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
572:sebastokrator
569:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:John Komnenos
550:
546:
545:Philippopolis
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
511:
507:
506:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:Italo-Normans
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
447:
445:
440:
438:
434:
433:
432:sebastokrator
428:
424:
420:
414:
412:
408:
407:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
367:
363:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
322:
317:
315:
314:Chrysoskoulos
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
288:
282:
280:
279:John Komnenos
277:
276:
264:
261:
257:
253:
252:John Komnenos
250:
238:
236:
232:
228:
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
135:
131:
123:
122:John Komnenos
120:
118:
114:
107:
106:
104:
100:
96:
90:
86:
82:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
37:
36:
32:
27:
22:
16:
2670:1040s births
2557:Andronikos V
2555:
2538:
2486:
2454:
2432:
2420:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2379:
2373:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2247:
2230:
2218:
2201:
2189:
2183:
2170:Nikephoros I
2145:
2144:
2138:
2105:
2102:Justinian II
2097:Tiberius III
2087:Justinian II
2078:
2072:
2055:
2007:
1979:Anastasius I
1970:
1914:
1910:Julius Nepos
1902:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1772:Theodosius I
1759:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1689:Maximinus II
1676:
1578:
1561:
1548:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1451:
1413:Lucius Verus
1268:. Retrieved
1256:
1252:
1221:
1195:
1190:
1165:
1144:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1123:
1098:
1075:
1054:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
969:
957:
945:
933:
922:Nikolia 2003
900:
893:Vryonis 1971
888:
876:
869:Cheynet 1996
864:
852:
840:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
750:Nikolia 2003
745:
718:
706:
695:Nikolia 2003
673:
661:
649:
638:Nikolia 2003
618:
602:
599:Anna Komnene
595:Stara Zagora
580:
571:
556:
542:
515:
503:
489:
474:
448:
441:
436:
430:
422:
415:
411:Thessalonica
404:
393:
382:
359:
331:
318:
306:Seljuk Turks
291:
285:
283:
273:
239:
217:
199:Thessalonica
192:
152:
129:
128:
95:Thessalonica
29:
15:
2675:1104 deaths
2616:(1224–1242)
2610:(1204–1461)
2399:Konstantios
2276:Christopher
2249:Constantine
2239:Michael III
2220:Constantine
2203:Constantine
2185:Theophylact
2114:Philippicus
2064:Constans II
1989:Justinian I
1885:Severus III
1833:Constans II
1587:Claudius II
1563:Silbannacus
1510:Gordian III
1485:Maximinus I
1453:Diadumenian
1270:16 February
1130:16 February
1034:Varzos 1984
1022:Varzos 1984
998:Varzos 1984
938:Angold 1997
881:Angold 1997
845:Angold 1997
814:Varzos 1984
790:Varzos 1984
778:Varzos 1984
766:Angold 1997
711:Varzos 1984
678:Varzos 1984
654:Varzos 1984
568:Theophylact
561:Dyrrhachium
366:mercenaries
245: 1052
223: 1045
145: 1045
77: 1045
50:Predecessor
2664:Categories
2393:Andronikos
2381:Nikephoros
2330:Michael IV
2295:Romanos II
2215:Theophilos
2210:Michael II
2191:Staurakios
2175:Staurakios
2147:Nikephoros
2140:Artabasdos
2052:Heraclonas
2009:Theodosius
1967:Basiliscus
1727:Nepotianus
1720:Magnentius
1714:Constans I
1667:Severus II
1647:Diocletian
1592:Quintillus
1557:Aemilianus
1550:Volusianus
1495:Gordian II
1460:Elagabalus
1323:Principate
611:References
549:conspiracy
530:Bulgarians
362:Asia Minor
235:Melissenos
181:Asia Minor
165:Asia Minor
2730:Magistroi
2635:Classical
2620:Empresses
2604:(286–296)
2598:(267–273)
2592:(260–274)
2335:Michael V
2261:Alexander
2074:Heraclius
2042:Heraclius
1994:Justin II
1904:Glycerius
1891:Anthemius
1761:Procopius
1699:Martinian
1678:Maxentius
1607:Florianus
1580:Saloninus
1575:Gallienus
1544:Hostilian
1520:Philip II
1490:Gordian I
1438:Caracalla
1373:Vespasian
1368:Vitellius
1212:834784634
926:Chapter 4
754:Chapter 3
699:Chapter 2
642:Chapter 1
522:Pechenegs
483:. In the
356:Rebellion
333:strategos
287:magistros
227:Dorylaeum
209:Biography
157:Byzantine
149:Latinized
81:Dorylaeum
60:Successor
45:1080–1081
2630:Usurpers
2625:Augustae
2583:See also
2488:Nicholas
2310:Basil II
2107:Tiberius
2092:Leontius
2080:Tiberius
2057:Tiberius
2035:610–1453
2030:Eastern/
1984:Justin I
1937:Arcadius
1897:Olybrius
1879:Majorian
1820:Honorius
1799:Eugenius
1734:Vetranio
1684:Licinius
1657:Galerius
1652:Maximian
1637:Dominate
1627:Numerian
1597:Aurelian
1570:Valerian
1515:Philip I
1505:Balbinus
1500:Pupienus
1448:Macrinus
1423:Pertinax
1418:Commodus
1383:Domitian
1348:Claudius
1343:Caligula
1338:Tiberius
1333:Augustus
1163:(1997).
1052:(1997).
496:Bohemond
492:Thessaly
464:Bithynia
400:Bosporus
231:Bourtzes
155:, was a
2640:Eastern
2540:Matthew
2434:Alexios
2282:Stephen
2244:Basil I
2129:Leo III
2004:Maurice
1947:Marcian
1930:395–610
1854:Joannes
1813:395–480
1767:Gratian
1640:284–610
1622:Carinus
1602:Tacitus
1478:235–285
1398:Hadrian
1153:8468871
1043:Sources
604:Alexiad
563:by the
500:Larissa
460:Galatia
456:Phrygia
396:Damalis
336:of the
203:Balkans
161:Balkans
33:of the
31:Usurper
2402:&
2378:&
2285:&
2256:Leo VI
2232:Thekla
2188:&
2155:Leo IV
2077:&
2016:Phocas
1972:Marcus
1957:Leo II
1873:Avitus
1790:Victor
1755:Valens
1745:Jovian
1740:Julian
1612:Probus
1547:&
1527:Decius
1475:Crisis
1393:Trajan
1229:
1210:
1198:]
1177:
1151:
1107:
1083:
1062:
583:Cumans
555:, the
534:Vlachs
462:, and
437:Caesar
423:Caesar
406:Caesar
387:John,
379:Nicaea
194:Caesar
2198:Leo V
2165:Irene
1952:Leo I
1617:Carus
1388:Nerva
1378:Titus
1358:Galba
1310:Roman
1200:(PDF)
1194:[
1143:[
526:Ainos
452:Ionia
310:Sivas
298:Sofia
134:Greek
117:Issue
93:near
42:Reign
2554:(w.
2537:(w.
2485:(w.
2456:John
2453:(w.
2431:(w.
2419:(w.
2390:(w.
2372:(w.
2273:(w.
2246:(w.
2229:(w.
2217:(w.
2200:(w.
2182:(w.
2143:(w.
2104:(w.
2071:(w.
2054:(w.
2006:(w.
1969:(w.
1962:Zeno
1829:(w.
1786:(w.
1577:(w.
1541:(w.
1529:(w.
1517:(w.
1450:(w.
1443:Geta
1363:Otho
1353:Nero
1312:and
1272:2012
1227:ISBN
1208:OCLC
1175:ISBN
1149:OCLC
1132:2012
1105:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1060:ISBN
589:and
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