1584:. Raji Abdallah became the second president of the Zikist Movement, following Balogun's departure to London, serving from 1948 to 1949. He was instrumental in getting northern support and membership for the movement. Abdallah and Osita Agwuna (his deputy) had just formed the Anti-Colour Bar Movement (ACBM) in Kano, which was opposed to racial discrimination segregating whites and blacks in Nigeria. The ACBM later dissolved into the larger Zikist Movement. Similar to Balogun, in 1948, Abdallah was dismissed from his job with the Kano Rediffusion Service, a radio broadcasting service. The dismissal led him to get more involved with the Zikist Movement. He was fired because his involvement in the Zikist Movement was considered too overtly political for a civil servant. Abdallah was later arraigned on November 7, 1948 at the Lagos High Court, where he gave a speech, thus saying, "This is an important day indeed. The most important, perhaps in the history of our country. I call it the most-important because it is today that we have to decide, whether we are to be free or remain hereditary bondsmen, who knows not that they must be free?" "I hate the Union Jack with all my heart. Because save in Britain, wherever it goes; far from uniting, it divides the people. I have nothing against King George VI of England. But hate the Crown of Britain with all my heart. Because to me and my countrymen, it is a symbol of oppression, a symbol of persecution and in short, a material manifestation of iniquity. We have passed the age of petition. We have passed the age of resolution. We have passed the age of diplomacy. This is the age of action. Plain, blunt and positive action. Therefore, I am here this evening, to call a spade a spade, an axe an axe, and a machete, a machete." "Today, I, Habibu Raji Abdallah, by the grace of God, President General of the Zikist Movement and Field Secretary of the NCNC, do hereby, declare myself a free and independent citizen of Nigeria. I owe no allegiance to any foreign Government, and in the absence of any' government of the people by the people and for the people of Nigeria'; I am henceforth, not bound to obey any law, other than the Nigerian Native Laws, Customs and International Laws. Therefore, I shall pay no more tax to this Government.Because if you pay, they will use that money to perpetuate their domination over you." Upon his sentence, he reacted in mitigation to the presiding judge, Justice Gregg, saying,
2851:; it is the most popular political ideology of Nnamdi Azikiwe, aimed at decolonizing the minds of young Africans. At a time, when African states were under the British hegemony, Zik developed his political philosophy as a reformist ideology. The five canons of Zikism are " Spiritual Balance," "Social Regeneration," "Economic Determinism," " Mental Emancipation," and "Political Resurgence." Throwing more light to the canons, Azikiwe highlighted, “First I coined the expression spiritual balance to connote the fundamental freedom of conscience, thought and opinion... Second, I constructed social regeneration to imply freedom of association and freedom from discrimination .. Thirdly, I ventured into the realm of economics, which I believed was the taproot of human society... I christened such a condition of life economic determinism, because I believed in Karl Marx's idea of the economic interpretation of history in the light of experience all over Africa... Fourthly, I decided to make a voyage into the realms of the intellect. ... Hence I proposed the thesis that mental emancipation was necessary for the mis-educated African to be re-educated and be politically renascent. Fifthly ... there could be no doubt about the inevitability of the political Risorgimento of the African, since the satisfaction of these conditions implies freedom to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
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conferences in 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, and 1960, Great
Britain conceded to us the right to assert our political independence as from October 1, 1960. None of the Nigerian political parties ever adopted violent means to gain our political freedom and we are happy to claim that not a drop of British or Nigerian blood was shed in the course of our national struggle for our place in the sun. This historical fact enabled me to state publicly in Nigeria that Her Majesty's Government has presented self-government to us on a platter of gold. Of course, my contemporaries scorned at me, but the facts of history are irrefutable. I consider it most unfortunate that our 'Young Turks' decided to introduce the element of violent revolution into Nigerian politics. No matter how they and our general public might have been provoked by obstinate and perhaps grasping politicians, it is an unwise policy. I have contacted General Aguiyi-Ironsi, General Officer Commanding the Nigerian armed forces, who I understand, has now assumed the reins of the Federal Government. I offered my services for any peace overtures to stop further bloodshed, to placate the mutinous officers, and to restore law and order. As soon as I hear from him, I shall make arrangements to return home. As far as I am concerned, I regard the killings of our political and military leaders as a national calamity.
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connection sports and politics at the end of the colonial period. In 1934 Zik was denied the right to compete in a track and field event because
Nigeria was not allowed to participate. This happened another time because of his Igbo background, and Zik had decided that enough was enough, and wanted to create his own club. Nnamdi founded Zik's Athletic Club (ZAC) which would open its doors to sportsmen and women of all races, nationalities, tribes, and classes of Nigeria. In 1942 the club went on to win both the Lagos League and the War Memorial Cup. After these victories, Nnamdi opened up more ZAC branches throughout Nigeria. During the war years ZAC would go on tours. They would usually play a match in front of a couple thousand fans and after the match, they would speak out about the injustices that was brought about by the British colonization. ZAC matches would happen all over the country, and it made the people of Nigeria feel a sense of unity and nationalism that would help them fight for freedom.
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Co-operation
Administration (now USAID), J.W. Cook (VC of University of Exeter), Dr John A. Hannah (President of Michigan State University), and Dr Glen L. Taggart, Dean of International Programmes (MSU), came to Nigeria in 1958. The team surveyed the site at Nsukka, and extensively investigated a great variety of factors pertinent to the establishment of a new university. The foundation stone was laid during the celebration of Nigeria's independence by HRH, Princess Alexandra of Kent, who represented Queen Elizabeth II. Classes began on 17 October 1960 with an enrollment of 220 students and 13 members of the academic staff. It became the first University in Nigeria, the first university established by a Nigerian Regional Government, and in 1963, the first University to award Nigerian degrees.
1608:). The Colonial Government did not take kindly to the revolutionary undertones of Abdallah's message. As a result, Abdallah along with nine other leaders of the Zikist Movement were arrested and charged with sedition. This crackdown on Zikist leadership led to another round of reorganization within the Zikist Movement, allowing Nduka Eze to emerge as president, after Abdallah's imprisonment, and Mokwugo Okoye as secretary-general. Zikists, in time, outgrew the NCNC, becoming more nationalist than their parent organization. Colonial officers deemed the Zikist movement an unlawful society and promulgated an Order-in-Council, outrightly banning the Zikist Movement on April 12, 1950. The group later dismantled and its members transitioned to politics, business, and traditional rulership.
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1745:, and it was commissioned on 1 January 1955. He built Niger gas. He also established Nigeria's first steel company, Niger Steel. He established Nigeria's first indigenous bank, African Continental Bank (ACB). The ACB's emergence caused the Western Nigerian government to set up the National Bank of Nigeria and the northern government to establish the Bank of the North. The ACB was instrumental to the emergence of a big entrepreneurial class in the East from the 1950s. The bank also played a critical part in the rise of the former Biafrans at the cessation of hostilities in 1970. He instituted education program that enabled Nigeria becoming the leading exporter of study abroad in Africa.
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1936:) in Lagos at the Independence Ceremony. In his speech he said, "Today's ceremony marks the culmination of a process which began fifteen years ago and has now reached a happy and successful conclusion. It is with justifiable pride that we claim the achievement of our Independence to be unparalleled in the annals of history. Each step of our constitutional advance has been purposefully and peacefully planned with full and open consultation, not only between representatives of all the various interests in Nigeria but in harmonious cooperation with the administering power which has today relinquished its authority."
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half a million less in population than the South. The Prime
Minister, Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa rejected the result sacked Mr. Warren and had him deported. The Prime Minister proceeded to order a recount in 1963. After due manipulation, the result of the census showed that the North was under counted by 8.5 million during the 1962 exercise which put the national population at 60.5million. The federal government under the Prime Minister scaled above the figure to 65.66 million. They scaled down the population of the North from 31 million to 29.8 million and allotted 28.8 million. The then Premiers,
1277:. He was originally found guilty and sentenced to six months imprisonment. On his conviction, Zik declared, “if because I am an instrument of destiny through which imperialism in West Africa is to be challenged and liquidated, and if in this mission I am compelled to pay the supreme penalty, then there is no need for me to quake or to quiver. I am becoming convinced day by day that the New Africa is destined to become a reality. No force under the heavens can stem it. Even my death cannot postpone its crystallization.” He was later acquitted by the supreme West African Court of Appeal.
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1374:. Although the paper supported Great Britain during the war, it criticized austerity measures such as price controls and wage ceilings. In 1943 the British Council sponsored eight West African editors (including Azikiwe), and he and six other editors used the opportunity to raise awareness of possible political independence. The journalists signed a memorandum calling for gradual socio-political reforms, including abrogation of the
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2001:. Martin Luther King Jr. remarked that the liberation struggles in Nigeria and in other African nations were having a profound impact on the American civil rights movement, noting that Azikiwe and other African leaders were “popular heroes on most Negro college campuses. In Azikiwe's inaugural speech, he commented on "the need to revive the stature of man in Africa and restore the dignity of man in the world."
1588:"if you sincerely believe that it is a crime to fight for freedom, then by all means, condemn me to death. Were I to be set free today, I cannot give assurance to muzzle my tongue. As for me, my conscience being clear, I shall be satisfied to leave the final verdict to God and His unfathomable river of time. So, proceed to fulfill the pleasure of those who put you here. I shall leave the final verdict to God."
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after years of struggle, in 1959 the last
British official left the NFA, and on 22 August 1960, a few weeks prior to its formal independence, Nigeria joined the world football body of FIFA. None of this would have been possible if it was not for Nnamdi Azikiwe. He united Nigeria through sport and brought about a sense of nationalism that was referred to as 'Nigerian-ness'.
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1522:, accusing the colonial government of exploiting the working class. In August, the newspaper was allowed to resume publication. During the strike, Azikiwe raised the alarm about an assassination plot by unknown individuals working on behalf of the colonial government. His basis for the allegation was a wireless message intercepted by a
854:, an educator who believed that Africans should receive a college education abroad and return to effect change. After the lecture, Aggrey gave the young Azikiwe a list of schools accepting black students in America. After completing his secondary education, Azikiwe applied to the colonial service and was accepted as a
2110:. The elections were marred by widespread boycotts, rigging, intimidation, arson and violence which left Azikiwe so aghast that he refused to call Prime Minister Balewa to form a new government. For a few days, apocalyptic tension hung over the country until Azikiwe's sense of constitutional propriety prevailed.
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Among the proponents of Pan
Africanism were Nnamdi Azikiwe, the Pilot of Nigerian Independence. Azikiwe's place in Nigeria's cosmology goes far beyond the positions he held. He gave nationalism and the independence struggle a new meaning. Zik, then in Hope Waddel Institute, was conversant with the ideas of
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on grass to grace political ascendancy. On returning to West Africa, his primary concern was, therefore, not a territorial, nationalist struggle, but a universal, world-wide struggle for the black race. As editor of the
African Morning Post in Accra, from 1935 to 1937, Azikiwe immediately established
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Towards the end of his address, Zik said, "those of us, who may be rightly described as the makers of contemporary
Nigeria, have ushered freedom into our country and preserved our unity as a nation," which "history has assigned to me an important part to play in order that this unity may have lasting
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As a young man I saw visions: visions of
Nigeria becoming a great country in the emerging continent of Africa; visions of Nigeria offering freedom to those in bondage, and securing the democratic way of life to those who had been lulled into an illusion of security under colonial rule..I trust that I
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as Prime
Minister and Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe as Senate President. Soon after, Azikiwe succeeded Sir James Robertson as the first indigenous Governor-General. However, under the Independent Constitution of Nigeria, the governor-general was only a ceremonial head of state. The positions of Governor-General
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Azikiwe moved to the Eastern Region in 1952, and the NCNC-dominated regional assembly made proposals to accommodate him. Although the party's regional and central ministers were asked to resign in a cabinet reshuffle, most ignored the request. The regional assembly then passed a vote of no confidence
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Personally, I believe the European has a god in whom he believes and whom he is representing in his churches all over Africa. He believes in the god whose name is spelt Deceit. He believes in the god whose law is "Ye strong, you must weaken the weak". Ye "civilised" Europeans, you must "civilise" the
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in the colonial government. Azikiwe's choice to study in the United States instead of Great Britain was due to influences of Dr. James Kwegyir Aggrey, the biographies of President A. Garfield and Abraham Lincoln, the Marcus Garvey Pan Africanism and the existence of assistances for indigent students,
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During the 19th century, the scramble for Africa witnessed European powers having Africa divided, human and natural resources exploited. The development of African political ideology emerged with the intent to search for an ideological project of self- affirmation and assertive cultural nationalism.
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placed Azikiwe above party politics. Nigeria's first indigenous Executive Cabinet of Tafawa Balewa included; M Johnson, Bukar Dipcharima, Ayo Rosiji, Aja Wachukwu, Kolawole Balogun, and Victor Mukete (Cameroon), Samuel Akintola, Raymond Njoku, Alhaji Ribadu, Kingsley O. Mbadiwe, Festus Okotie-Eboh,
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In 1957, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe addressed British and Nigerian delegates at the 1957 Lancaster House Conference, where the federal constitution for an independent Nigeria was prepared. The meeting which was chaired by the British Colonial Secretary had some Nigerian delegates represented. The delegation
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in the Western Region's House of Assembly. Azikiwe's non-selection to the national assembly caused chaos in the west. An agreement by elected NCNC members from Lagos to step down for Azikiwe if he was not nominated broke down. Azikiwe blamed the constitution, and wanted changes made. The NCNC (which
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to raise awareness of its proposals for amendments to the 1922 constitution. Included in the NCNC proposals was consultation with Africans about changes to the Nigerian constitution, more power to the regional House of Assemblies and limiting the powers of the central Legislative Council to defense,
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and a constitutional provision allowing only four elected African members; the rest would be nominated candidates. The nominated African candidates were loyal to the colonial government, and would not aggressively seek self-government. Another basis of opposition was little input for the advancement
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and Abiodun Aloba - was established in 1946 to defend Azikiwe's life and his ideals of self-government.Kola Balogun was the first president of the Zikist Movement. In February 1946, Balogun sent invitations to about 20 young men in Lagos, inquiring of their opinion on the national issues. Out of the
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to choose members of the national legislature; an Action Group majority in the house might prevent Azikiwe from going to the House of Representatives. He won a regional assembly seat from Lagos, but the opposition party claimed a majority in the House of Assembly and Azikiwe did not represent Lagos
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On 30 December 1964, Nigeria's first federal election since independence was held. The election was postponed for several weeks because of discrepancies between the number of names on voting rolls and on census returns. Six months after the election, an estimated 2,000 people died in violence that
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constitution. The Macpherson constitution took effect in 1951 and, like the Richards constitution, called for elections to the regional House of Assembly. Azikiwe opposed the changes, and contested for the chance to change the new constitution. Staggered elections were held from August to December
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in 1944. Azikiwe became the council's secretary-general in 1946. NCNC was made up of nationalist parties, cultural associations, and labour movements including National Democratic Party, Nigerian Union of Students, Market Women Unions, etc. The party was the third political party formed in Nigeria
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was seen as a paper trying to build a circulation base rather than overtly radical. The paper's editorials and political coverage focused on injustice to Africans, criticism of the colonial administration and support for the ideas of the educated elites in Lagos. However, by 1940, a gradual change
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In 1949 some ZAC players participated in a tour of England. On the return from the tour they stopped in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria defeated the locals by 2 goals. This victory was more than a decade before Nigerian independence, but it marked the birth of Nigeria's National Team. Finally,
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Eclectic Pragmatism; Eclectic-pragmatism for Azikiwe is the most suitable method for dealing especially with the multi-faceted reality of economic and political matters. It is a method which attempts to harmonize apparently opposing views, not by resolving the contradictions, but by selecting and
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On 8 November 1989, news media falsely announced Azikiwe’s death as a result of enquiries from a BBC correspondent about his condition. He eventually resurfaced saying “I am not in a hurry to leave this world, because it is the only planet I know." In 1991, Azikiwe went to the launching of Nnamdi
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of Nigeria, declared that the region would no longer recognize Lt. Colonel Yakubu Gowon as head of the federal military government on 2 March 1967. Lt. Colonel Gowon assumed full powers as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and head of the military government on 27 May 1967. Lt. Colonel Gowon
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Nigerian Daily Express reported on 3 March 1964, "On attainment of Independence in 1960, our first attempt to ascertain the population of Nigeria was the census exercise in 1962. The then Chairman of the Census Commission was J. J. Warren. The result of the census showed that Northern Nigeria was
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and redesignate his title as a ceremonial President. Balewa suggested that Azikiwe be named President in the 1963 constitution because Nigeria can never adequately reward Dr. Azikiwe for his nationalist activities and service to the nation. Therefore section 157 of Nigeria's 1963 constitution was
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Violence has never been an instrument used by us, as founding fathers of the Nigerian Republic, to solve political problems. In the British tradition, we talked the Colonial Office into accepting our challenges for the demerits and merits of our case for self-government. After six constitutional
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published sympathetic editorials during his absence, and many Nigerians believed the assassination story. Azikiwe's popularity, and his newspaper circulation, increased during this period. The allegations were doubted by some Nigerians, who believed that he made them up to raise his profile. The
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At the start of his career, Azikiwe competed in boxing, athletics, swimming, football and tennis. Football was brought to Nigeria by the British as they colonized Africa. However, any leagues that were formed were segregated. Nnamdi saw this as an injustice and he emerged as a leader in terms of
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on Pan Africanism, emphasizing the empowerment of Africans, and the redemption of Africa by Africans. This made Zik question the legitimacy of Colonialism in Africa, and was inspired by Garvey's call for the liberation of Africa from the colonial governments. At a time when Nigeria was still a
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of the Northern Region were also deposed and killed too. According to Max Silloun, he stated “In the aftermath of the coup, Nzeogwu rattled off a list of names that were on the Majors hit list. He mentioned the usual unsurprising suspects such as Bello, Azikiwe, and Akintola. Balewa's name was
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in Nsukka, Zik made public his proposal for Nigeria to adopt a republican constitution while remaining a member of the Commonwealth. In 1962, Azikiwe urged African leaders in a Lagos conference, to create an organization of African states. The Lagos Conference drafted a proposed charter for an
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at Nsukka, the country's first indigenous, full fledged university, in 1960. The University of Nigeria was founded on 18 May 1955, after a law to establish the University was passed under the joint auspices of the Inter-University Council for Higher Education and Overseas and the International
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in 1954 after a new constitution was put into effect. Azikiwe's Eastern region economic commission collaborated with Europe and North America in order promote investment for developments in textile, vegetable oil refineries, steel and chemicals in the region. He built the famous Nigeria Cement
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The women’s resistance against British taxation in 1929 witnessed an extraordinary massacre of women in Opobo by British commanded soldiers and other areas in eastern region. Azikiwe, hearing of the unruly event, wrote an article of condemnation titled ‘Murdering women in Nigeria’ while still
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Azikiwe's combative and provocative journalism was the principal source of his fame and power, and the most crucial single precipitant of Nigerian awakening. Azikiwe founded a media outfit called Zik Group, under which he established and edited West African Pilot, which was referred to as "a
1965:, during his visit to Lagos in early 1960. The post of Governor-General of the federation in titular terms made him the representative of the British Queen in Nigeria. Azikiwe's inauguration in November 1960, witnessed some of his colleagues in the Black Atlantic, some of them which includes
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The three major political parties in the election could not get enough seats to form a government. Governor General Robertson called on Tafawa Balewa to form a government. On 16 December, Ahmadu Bello and Tafawa Balewa tried to reach a compromise on a possible coalition government between
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on the ministers, and appropriation bills sent to the ministry were rejected. This created an impasse in the region, and the lieutenant governor dissolved the regional house. A new election returned Azikiwe as a member of the Eastern Assembly. He was selected as Chief Minister, and became
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Under the Richards constitution, Azikiwe was elected to the Legislative Council in a Lagos municipal election from the National Democratic Party (an NCNC subsidiary). He and the party representative did not attend the first session of the council, and agitation for changes to the Richards
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a reputation because of his direct `American style' journalism and bold criticism of the colonial system, of colonial officials as well as of local African leaders. His influence extended throughout British colonial territories and he was the motivating force of some African leaders like
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effects and to bring home to our people the need to maintain it religiously." He also said "I shall not have consideration for personal comforts or even safety or even life itself, if these are the price I must pay for leadership in order to preserve the freedom and unity of my country."
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fire-eating and aggressive nationalist paper of the highest order." Under Zik Group he revolutionised the West African newspaper industry, demonstrating that English-language journalism could be successful, and expanded his controlling interest to over 12 daily, African-run newspapers.
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was charged with treason by Balewa’s government, it led to a lot of criticism by Balewa’s supporters. Violence broke out in the region after elections took place in 1965; as many were not pleased with the outcome. The tension and violence in the area eventually led to the coup in 1966.
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Azikiwe initially supported Biafra and its international recognition. He used his political influence to lead Biafra delegation abroad for recognition of the independent state. By 1968, having seen the consequences the war will have, he appealed unsuccessfully to Biafra’s leader,
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was sworn in as the head of the federal military government following the military coup, and he restored the four federal regions on August 31, 1966. Some 2,000 ethnic Igbos were killed in political violence in the Northern Region from 29 September to 4 October 1966. Lt. Colonel
1215:. He was welcomed by a handful number of people, proving his writings in America evidently reached Nigeria. In Nigeria, Azikiwe's initial goal was to obtain a position commensurate with his education; after several unsuccessful applications (including for a teaching post at
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currency and foreign affairs. The delegation submitted its proposals to the colonial secretary, but little was done to change to Richards' proposals. The Richards constitution took effect in 1947, and Azikiwe contested one of the Lagos seats to delay its implementation.
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He had a controlling interest in over 12 daily, African-run newspapers. Azikiwe's articles on African nationalism, black pride and empowerment dismayed many colonialist politicians and benefited many marginalized Africans. East African newspapers generally published in
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blending what is useful and practicable in each for the purpose of attaining the desired goals. Thus, eclectic pragmatism seems to be the most suitable method for dealing with African problems in view of the variegated and traumatic experience which precipitated them.
2020:(AMSAC) organised a large music festival in Lagos, Nigeria. American celebrities such as Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, and Lionel Hampton went on AMSAC's fully sponsored trip to strengthen African-American/African connections. They were welcomed by Azikiwe in Lagos.
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primary school). In 1914, while his father was working in Lagos, Azikiwe was bitten by a dog; this prompted his worried father to send him to Lagos, that he may heal and continue school in the city. He then attended Wesleyan Boys' High School, now known as
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constitution of 1922. Included in the proposal was an increase in the number of nominated African members to the Legislative Council. However, the changes were opposed by nationalists such as Azikiwe. NCNC politicians opposed unilateral decisions made by
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initial run was 6,000 copies daily; at its peak in 1950, it was printing over 20,000 copies. Azikiwe founded other business ventures (such as the African Continental Bank and the Penny Restaurant) at this time, and used his newspapers to advertise them.
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as prime minister (head of government) and Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe as president (head of state) and commander in chief of Armed forces. Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa proposed an amendment of the 1960 independence constitution to transform Azikiwe from
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Azikiwe went to the USA where he studied and taught at various segregated universities in the South, experiencing the atmosphere of discrimination and the upsurge of radical `Negro' resistance. He was also inspired by the 19th century USA president,
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in Britain. A tour of the country was begun to raise awareness of the party's concerns and to raise money for the UK protest. NCNC president Herbert Macaulay died during the tour, and Azikiwe assumed leadership of the party. He led the delegation to
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created 'Nnamdi Azikiwe International African Student Fellowship' in 2023, to support MSU international African students to Africa for research. The award was in honor of Azikiwe who partnered with MSU faculty to build a land-grant model university
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Entered to represent Nigeria in the Half-Mile Race and One Mile Run at the 1934 British Empire Games, but was rejected on 'technical grounds' by the A.A.A of Great Britain. (This rejection made him write a famous letter, dropping his English name,
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Azikiwe resigned from the NYM, accusing the majority Yoruba leadership of discriminating against the Ijebu-Yoruba members and Igbos. Some Ijebu members followed him, splitting the movement along ethnic lines. He entered politics, co-founding the
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in 1927 to obtain a bachelor's degree in political science. In 1929, he transferred from Howard University to Lincoln University to complete his undergraduate studies and graduated in 1930 with a BA in political science. Azikwe took courses with
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in the British Administration of Nigeria. His mother Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu Azikiwe (née Aghadiuno) (1883 – January 1958), who was sometimes called "Nwanonaku" was the third daughter of Aghadiuno Ajie and a descendant of a royal family in
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on 29 July 1966. Some 30 individuals were killed in political violence in Lagos on 29 July-1 August 1966, and some 250,000 eastern ethnic groups fled from the Northern Region to the Eastern Region following the military coup. Lt. Colonel
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was particularly influential in the east. Azikiwe took particular aim at political groups which advocated exclusion. He was criticized by a Yoruba faction for using his newspaper to suppress opposition to his views. At Azikiwe's death,
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as the premier of eastern region. On 28 October 1959, Governor general Robertson announced the dissolution of 184-member Federal House of Representatives with effect from 1 November 1959, so that independence election will be held.
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coined the term 'Zikism' from Azikiwe which became the movement's name. He was a non member of the movement but a close associate and admirer of Azikiwe, and one of the several youths Azikiwe inspired to study in the USA, alongside
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Neo Welfarism; Azikiwe used indigenous African culture and indigenous pre colonial African economies to fashion out his Neo-Welfarist economic ideology, and he recommended eclecticism and pragmatism as the philosophical basis for
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shall dream my dreams amid the peace and ever-increasing prosperity of the people of my native Nigeria. The motto of the independent federation of Nigeria is Unity and Faith. I pray that we may guard our unity and keep our faith.
1294:, a newspaper which he used to promote nationalism in Nigeria, while the Zik Group established newspapers treating topics in politics and economy in important cities throughout the country. The group's flagship newspaper was the
2012:(ILO) African Regional Conference, that was held in Lagos, Nigeria on December 1960. In attendance were: Mr. Johnson, Labour Minister of Nigeria and Chairperson of the Conference, Mr. Demby, Labour Minister of Sierra Leone, and
5874:"Azikiwe, Nnamdi. Respect for human dignity: an inaugural address by His Excellency Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, P.C. Governor-General nd Commander-in Chief, Federation of Nigeria 16 November, 1960. Onitsha : Chike Mbadugha, 1960"
867:, contingent on his finding a way to America. To reach America, he contacted a seaman and made a deal with him to become a stowaway. However, one of his friends on the ship became ill and they were advised to disembark in
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agendas. Yuri Smertin described his writing as, "passionately denunciatory articles and public statements which censured the existing colonial order: the restrictions on the African's right to express their opinions, and
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Azikiwe Centre in Zungeru, his place of birth, by President Ibrahim Babangida. In the summer of 1995, he granted an interview at Lincoln university, Pennsylvania with the Director of Public Relations of the University.
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who represented the Queen, opened the country's first Parliament. A new constitution, establishing a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state was created. The coalition government of
1390:. Azikiwe revolutionized the West African newspaper industry, demonstrating that English-language journalism could be successful. By 1950, the five leading African-run newspapers in the Eastern Region (including the
842:). These connections were later beneficial to his political career in Lagos. While at Wesley Boys High school he excelled in his studies and gifted a book titled "from Log Cabin to the White House", a biography of
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collection of disparate regions, identities and local units, Zik started canvassing for Nigerian independence and for the creation of a de-ethnicised, de-tribalised sense of Nigerian nationalism and patriotism.
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1242:". Yuri also criticized those Africans who belonged to the 'elite' of colonial society and favoured retaining the existing order, as they regarded it as the "basis of their well-being. During Azikiwe's stay in
1370:, Azikiwe began writing a column entitled "Inside Stuff", which he sometimes tried to raise political consciousness. The paper's editorials called for African independence, particularly after the rise of the
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said that he "towered over the affairs of Africa's most populous nation, attaining the rare status of a truly national hero who came to be admired across the regional and ethnic lines dividing his country."
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focused less on advertising than on circulation, largely because expatriate firms dominated the Nigerian economy. Many of Azikiwe's newspapers emphasized sensationalism and human-interest stories; the
2321:"He towered over the affairs of Africa's most populous nation, attaining the rare status of a truly national hero who came to be admired across the regional and ethnic lines dividing his country."
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and finished his secondary education at CMS Central School. Azikiwe then worked at the school as a student-teacher, supporting his mother with his earnings. In 1920, his father was posted back to
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The Nigerian government abolished the four federal regions on 24 May 1966. Some eastern ethnic groups about 115 individuals were killed in political violence on 28 May-2 June 1966. Major General
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conspicuously absent. Balewa was not killed until it was clear that the coup was doomed to fail. It was clear that not all arrested persons were to be killed. Some politicians such as
1820:. Nnamdi Azikiwe used the occasion, at the eastern house of assembly, to give a speech honoring Prime Minister Nkrumah and recalled how Kwame has been dedicated to the African course.
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system, regional representation and independence for British West African colonies by 1958 or 1960. The memorandum was ignored by the colonial office, increasing Azikiwe's militancy.
1229:. He was given a free hand to run the newspaper, and recruited many of its original staff. Azikiwe wrote "The Inside Stuff by Zik", a column in which he wrote radical nationalism and
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banknote since 2001. Azikiwe was included in the postage stamps unveiled during the first anniversary of Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1964 and has since appeared in other stamps.
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The youth rallied to fight against the colonial autocracy of Great Britain. One such group of young people were the Zikists. A non violent youth movement - led by Kolawole Balogun,
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titled Nnamdi Azikiwe to be President, and read "Nnamdi Azikiwe shall be deemed to be elected President of the Republic on the date of the commencement of this Constitution."
1211:, but was rejected because he was not a native of the country. By 1934, when Azikiwe returned to Lagos, he was well-known and viewed as a notable figure by some Lagosians and
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2307:, following nearly two weeks of national ceremonies. His body taken to various important cities in the country for mourning and tributes. He was finally buried in his native
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of the West, East and Mid Western Region protested." The controversial federal election of December 1964 caused a massive crisis and ruptured the coalition government of the
6320:"Listen to The Life & Legacy Of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Former President of Nigeria with Michael Ukwuma from show Obehi Podcast: In-depth interviews - season - 1 on gaana"
1812:(newly elected prime minister of Ghana) who toured eastern Nigeria. He visited eastern region house of assembly with his entourage, Hon. Minister of External Affairs, Mr.
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In the philosophic ideal, Azikiwe argued that "it is a state where Africans would be divorced from ethnic affiliations and traditional authorities and transformed by five
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On 29 July 1960, the United Kingdom parliament passed Nigerian Independence Act, 1960, which provided for independent Nigeria. At the night of 30 September 1960 the
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from 1972 to 1976. Cessation of the military rule and ceding of power to democratic rule in 1979 gave Azikiwe a chance for a political comeback. He joined the
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875:, Azikiwe worked as a police officer; his mother visited, and asked him to return to Nigeria. He returned, and his father was willing to sponsor his trip to
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The Legacies of Zik: A Tribute to the Rt. Hon. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, First President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Owelle-Osowa-Anya of Onithsa
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which was not available in Britain. Determined to travel abroad for further education, Azikiwe applied to universities in the U.S. He was admitted by
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skeptics were primarily Yoruba politicians from the Nigerian Youth Movement, creating a rift between the factions and a press war between Azikiwe's
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in 1946, a recognition for Onitsha men with significant accomplishments. In 1962, he became a second-rank red cap chieftain (Ndichie Okwa) as the
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for misrepresenting information about a general strike. Although Azikiwe acknowledged this, he continued publishing articles about the strike in
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Azikiwe with Thursgood Marshall, Chester Bowles and Roy Williston Bornn receiving their honorary degree at 1954 Howard University commencement.
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1185:"barbarous" Africans with machine guns. Ye "Christian" Europeans, you must "Christianise" the "pagan" Africans with bombs, poison gases, etc.
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Silver Trophy, Half Mile Race, and Silver Cup Winner in the One Mile Race, Democratie Fleld Day Championships, New Haven, Connecticut (1933)
755:; her paternal great-grandfather Ugogwu Anazenwu, was the Obi of Onitsha. Azikiwe had one sibling, a sister, named Cecilia Eziamaka Arinze.
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in world politics, and his research paper was published by A. H. Stockwell in 1934. During his time in America, he was a columnist for the
770:, the regional language. His father, concerned about his son's fluency in Igbo and not Hausa, sent him to Onitsha in 1912 to live with his
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in Lagos, and he made friends with classmates from old Lagos families such as George Shyngle, Francis Cole and Ade Williams (a son of the
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3683:"Heroes of knowledge versus dragons of ignorance: language, identity construction, and intertextuality in Nnamdi Azikiwe's "My Odyssey""
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On 12 December 1959, parliamentary elections were held in Nigeria to contest for 312 seats in the House of Representatives. Azikiwe's
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As a result of Azikiwe's support for a general strike in June 1945 and his attacks on the colonial government, publication of the
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Crowcroft, Barnaby (2020), Kumarasingham, H. (ed.), "The Radical Nationalist as Constitutional Head of State: Nigeria, 1960–66",
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introduced sports coverage and a women's section, increasing coverage of Nigerian events compared with the competing news source
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Vice Patron and Committee Member, Nigerian Olympic Committee, and British Empire and Commonwealth Games Association (since 1951)
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Silver Medalist, Two Mile Run, Central InterCollegiate Athletic Association Championahips at Hampton Institute Virginia (1931)
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Founder, ZiKs Athletic Club (with MRB. Oltun) for the promotion of athletics, boxing, cricket, owimming and tennis in Nigeria.
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twenty, twelve of them responded, leading to the creation of the Zikist Movement, as those men became its founding members.
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1694:. Elections for the Western Regional Assembly were held in September and December 1951 because the constitution allowed an
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studying in the United States in 1930 and a letter which he addressed to the then Pan-Africanist civil rights activist,
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Reorientation of Nigerian Ideologies: lecture on 9 December 1976, on the eve of the launching of the UNN Endowment Fund
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In 1963, Azikiwe commissioned the first brewery plant built by Guinness outside of Ireland and Great Britain in Lagos.
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of Nigeria from political thralldom, economic insecurity and social disabilities". The UK delegation included Azikiwe,
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which literally means "my father is alive". His father, Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe (1879–3 March 1958), a native of
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In 2006, Ben Obi initiated Zik Annual Lecture Series to immortalize the good works and legacies of Dr Nnamdi azikiwe.
1866:. Governor General was informed about the partnership, hence he approved a sixteen-member cabinet proposed by Balewa.
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Gold Medalist, Cross Country, One Mile Run, Quarket Mile Run, and High Jump, Storer College Silver championships(1926)
850:, who rose from grass to grace. The book inspired him to be determined to succeed in life. Azikiwe heard a lecture by
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6055:"Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies"
6023:"Leadership Crisis and Political Instability in Nigeria, 1964-1966: The Personalities, the Parties and the Policies"
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grew exponentially from an initial run of 6 000 copies daily, to printing over 20,000 copies at its peak in 1950s.
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of Africans to senior civil-service positions. The NCNC prepared to argue its case to the new Labour government of
640:, and by the time he was in college, he had been exposed to different Nigerian cultures and spoke three languages.
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5928:"Performances in the theatre of the Cold War: The American Society of African Culture and the 1961 Lagos Festival"
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3389:, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 179–202,
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Dr Azikiwe was awarded fourteen (14) honorary degrees from Nigerian, American and Liberian universities, notably;
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Azikiwe with Dr. John A. Hannah (left) and Dr. George Johnson(right) on the campus of University of Nigeria, 1961.
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4092:"Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania Who Have Served as Heads of State or Government"
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Azikiwe set up the Eastern Nigerian Development Corporation, which played a critical role in the building of the
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1417:, and was the premier of East Nigeria from 1954 to 1959. By the 1960s, after Nigerian independence, the national
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of Onitsha in 1972, making him a first-rank hereditary red cap nobleman (Ndichie Ume) in the Igbo branch of the
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The first biography of Azikiwe was authored by himself, published in 1970 titled "My Odyssey: An Autobiography.
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2036:"Inter-African and Malagasy Organization" under Azikiwe's chairmanship. It was later adopted in May 1963 by the
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as the NYM candidate for a vacant seat in the Legislative Council in 1941, while the executive council selected
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5768:"NIGERIA: PRIME MINISTER SIR ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA AND OTHER CABINET MINISTERS SWORN-IN BY PRESIDENT AZIKIWE"
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in 1978, making unsuccessful bids for the presidency in 1979 and 1983. He left politics permanently after the
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Alegi, Peter (2010). African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press.
4247:"Sports and the Modernity of Leisure in Nigeria: Stadium Space and the Symbolisms of Expressions, 1930–1980"
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1478:(also founded by Herbert Macaulay), and the Nigerian Youth Movement. Notable members of the party included;
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3354:"On this day in 1904 Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe, was born in Zungeru, Niger State, North-Central Nigeria"
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was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a military coup led by rebellion junior soldiers in Lagos. Premier
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in 1933. Azikiwe became a graduate-student instructor in the history and political-science departments at
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since he was also an athlete. He returned to Africa in 1934, where he started working as a journalist in
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and, in preparation for the trip, traveled to the US to seek sympathy for the party's case. Azikiwe met
1204:. While at Lincoln University, Azikiwe wrote his first book titled 'Liberia in world politics' in 1931.
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3652:"Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904 -1966, first president of Nigeria: A force in Library development in Nigeria"
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577:, was a Nigerian politician, statesman, and revolutionary leader who served as the 3rd and first black
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6298:"Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria"
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3484:"Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1904-1966, First President of Nigeria: A Force in Library Development in Nigeria"
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In 2023, Duke of Shomolu Foundation produced a play based on the life and times of Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe.
1219:), he accepted an offer from Ghanaian businessman Alfred Ocansey to become the founding editor of the
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5130:"The role of the press in the democratic process: The example of Nigeria's First Republic, 1960–1966"
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President Azikiwe administering the oath of office to the prime minister and cabinet ministers, 1964.
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1951. In the Western Region (where Azikiwe stood), two parties were dominant: Azikiwe's NCNC and the
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Winner, Two MIle Run, Dual Championehip between Lincoln University & Cheyney State College (1930)
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Let Us Forgive Our Children. An appeal to the leaders and people of Onitsha during the market crisis
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628:. He was later sent to live with his aunt and grandmother in his hometown Onitsha, where he learnt
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Flint, John E. (1999). "'Managing nationalism': The colonial office and Nnamdi Azikiwe, 1932–43".
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898:. To fund his living expenses and tuition, he worked a number of menial jobs before enrolling in
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1330:. Azikiwe's newspaper venture was a business, as well as a tool for politics and advocacy. The
1302:'s "Show the light and the people will find the way" as its motto. Other publications were the
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5525:"Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)"
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Radical Nationalism in Nigeria: The Zikist Movement and the Struggle for Liberation, 1945-1950
4789:"Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (4)"
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Azikiwe's educational philosophy was portrayed in the University of Nigeria Documentary Film.
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undertook the completion of Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe Mausoluem and was declared a National monument.
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after a prolonged illness. He was 91. Azikiwe was given a state funeral by the government of
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5306:"HABIB RAJI ABDALLAH, 1920 - 1982: AN UNCOMMON NATIONALIST FORGOTTEN IN THE SANDS OF HISTORY"
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3708:"Accord concodiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (2)"
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6412:"MSU Honorary Degree Recipients: Alphabetical List | Office of Research and Innovation"
939:, where he created a course in African history. He was a candidate for a doctoral degree at
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The Igbo Intellectual Tradition: Creative Conflict in African and African diasporic thought
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were arrested but released unharmed.” The Supreme Military Council (SMC) headed by General
1933:
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8:
5976:"From Nnamdi Azikiwe | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute"
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ONYIOHA, K. O. K. |date=20 November 1951|"Ben Azikiwe key figure in long Nigerian poll",
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Winners (Anchor man), ZAC Freestyle Relay Team at the Lagos Swimming Championships (1939)
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Viceregalism: The Crown as Head of State in Political Crises in the Postwar Commonwealth
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1854:(NPC) came 3rd with 1,922,179 and 148 of the 312 seats in the House of Representatives.
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was suspended on 8 July of that year. He praised the striking workers and their leader,
1323:
1257:: spiritual balance, social regeneration, economic determinism, mental emancipation and
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5836:"A Gilded Cage? Nnamdi Azikiwes Pan-Africanism as Governor-General of Nigeria, 1960–63"
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on 16 November 1996, on what would have become his 92nd birthday. At Azikiwe's death,
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Runners-up (with G.K Dorgu), Lagos Tennis Men's Double Championships Division B (1938)
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Tonkin, Elizabeth (1990). "Chapter 2: Zik's Story". In Chuku, P. F. de Moraes (ed.).
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5958:"Azikiwe, Nnamdi | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute"
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4319:"THE ESTABLISHMENT AND THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE NATIONAL SPORTS COMMISSION IN NIGERIA"
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Ironsi, as the most senior officer, succeeded Azikiwe as first military head of state
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which raised some alarm in colonial circles. As the editor, he promoted pro-African
965:. Azikiwe was influenced by the ideals of the African-American press, Garveyism and
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simultaneously in 1930, receiving a master's degree in religion and philosophy from
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5324:"Remembering Raji Abdullah, Northern Leader Of The Zikist Movement – Igbo Defender"
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Gold Medalist, One Mile Run, and Three Mile Run, Y MC.A. Games, New York, NY (1932)
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Orji, John (2013). "Chapter 2: The Triumph of Knowledge". In Chuku, Gloria (ed.).
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in southern Nigeria on 30 May 1967 after the federal government did not honor the
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was lowered in a celebration ceremony attended by dignitaries. On 3 October 1960,
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dominated the Eastern Region) agreed, and committed to amending the constitution.
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6515:"Things You May Not Know About University of Ibadan... Number One will Shock You"
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3838:. London, England. 14 May 1996. p. 19 – via The Times Digital Archive.
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Azikiwe addresses a room full of British and Nigerian delegates in London, 1957.
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two years later, and Azikiwe briefly lived with a relative who was married to a
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http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/429/1/master%2C%2BAnike.pdf
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and Allaji Inua Wada. Sir Tafawa Balewa delivered a speech at Race Course (now
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reporter. After receiving the intercepted message, Azikiwe went into hiding in
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https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Nigeria-great-speeches.pdf
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5821:"Nigeria's Forgotten Heroes: Nnamdi Azikiwe – "Father of the Nation" (Part 2)"
5236:
4432:"Nnamdi Azikiwe: How do We Remember Nigeria's First President? – HistoryVille"
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His famous phrases travelled beyond the borders of Nigeria and was adopted by
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4748:"The Sage and his Jewel: A society wedding in Ikenne Remo, By Tayo Agunbiade"
4406:"BEFORE JOINING FIFA AND CAF; NIGERIA FA WAS AFFILIATED TO THE FA IN ENGLAND"
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2220:, military governor of the Eastern Region, declared the independence of the
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before returning to Nigeria in 1934. Azikiwe's doctoral research focused on
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in the treasury department. His time in the colonial service exposed him to
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The West African Pilot and the Movement for Nigerian Nationalism, 1937–1960
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1453:(NYM), the country's first nationalist organization. Although he supported
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Yakubu Gowon was chosen to succeed Ironsi after the military counter coup.
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Champion & Gold Medalist, High Jump, HU Inter-Scholastic Games (1926);
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6099:"The Action Group Crisis, 1962-1966, Implications for the First Republic"
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One Hundred Quotable Quotes and Poems of the Rt. Hon. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe
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2249:– President Nnamdi Azikiwe's reaction to the first Military Coup, 1966.
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The Federal Republic of Nigeria was established on 1 October 1963, with
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Reserve Goalkeeper and Forward, Methodist Boys High School, Lagos (1921)
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5548:"The 1951 elections: How Awolowo forced Azikiwe out of western Nigeria"
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Gold Medalist, 1,000 yards run, Caledonian Games in Brooklyn, NY (1932)
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Life Member, British Association for the Advancernent of Science (1947)
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SelfAssertion and Brokerage: Early Cultural Nationalism in West Africa
6476:"Gov Ugwuanyi honours Zik, converts premier lodge to monuments centre"
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Times, Thomas A. Johnson Special to The New York (14 September 1972).
4885:"Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist"
4461:"Nnamdi Azikiwe: African Philosopher; scholar and eminent journalist"
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3326:"Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political"
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4363:"PICTURES & DOCUMENTS: FIFA AT 114, HOW NIGERIA BECAME A MEMBER"
2325:
1344:(which emphasized expatriate and foreign-news-service stories). The
1246:, he advanced his New Africa philosophy later explored in his book,
1094:
Point Winner, Mid-Atlantic A.A.U. Cross Country Championships (1932)
6761:
6671:
The impact of the Second World War on Nigeria's political evolution
6611:"A PHILOSOPHICAL APPRAISAL OF AZIKIWE'S NEO-WELFARISM Introduction"
6054:
5993:
Nigeria's Forgotten Heroes: Nnamdi Azikiwe – "Father of the Nation"
2539:
1850:(AG), came 2nd with 1,992, 364 votes and 75 seats. Tafawa Balewa’s
1274:
771:
7046:
1882:
1659:, P. M. Kale, Adeleke Adedoyin and Nyong Essien. They visited the
1145:
President, Lagos District Amateur Football Association (1951–1954)
7019:
4096:
University Archives and Records Center University of Pennsylvania
4021:
Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination
3325:
3100:
Matchless Past Performance: My Reply to Chief Awolowo's Challenge
2627:
2567:
2553:
2308:
1798:
1713:
1577:
1527:
1487:
1208:
944:
894:
Azikiwe attended Storer College's two-year preparatory school in
868:
812:
804:
796:
752:
743:
731:
722:
613:
601:
387:
264:
5436:"Nigeria in distress: Is there a way forward to a great future?"
3921:
Leadership News – Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more
827:, which became an important part of his nationalistic rhetoric.
687:, Azikiwe advocated as a political activist and journalist, for
593:
as well as one of the major driving forces behind the country's
6655:. Birmingham University African Studies Series. pp. 35–45.
5020:
Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation
4993:
Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation
4548:"African graduate of Lincoln creates stir in his native land".
3894:"Commencement address at Storer delivered by African alumnus".
3358:
3204:
2848:
2221:
1636:
1311:
1254:
1148:
President, Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria (since 1952)
792:
6528:
5221:"The Zikist Movement—a Study in Political Radicalism, 1946–50"
5042:
5040:
1265:
politics, and the paper supported the local Mambii party. The
738:. His first name, "Nnamdi", given to him by his parents is an
7288:
University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences alumni
6235:"National shame: Zik's tomb still uncompleted 22 years after"
3943:"Heroes of the Past – Nnamdi Azikiwe – Everything But Coffee"
2661:
2650:
2300:
2153:
1922:
was in power when Nigeria attained independence in 1960 with
1835:
Azikiwe, Akpabio and the new premier, Okpara in Enugu, c.1959
1605:
1307:
1052:
Champion, High Jump, M.B.H.S, and Champion, Empire Day (1921)
872:
855:
747:
680:
407:
6217:"Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91"
5590:
4939:"Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91"
3291:"Nnamdi Azikiwe, the First President of Nigeria, Dies at 91"
2771:
2617:
2216:
proclaimed a state-of-emergency on 28 May 1967. Lt. Colonel
1699:
in the federal House of Representatives. In 1951, he became
1142:
Vice-Chairman, Nigerian Boxing Board of Control (since 1949)
778:. In Onitsha, Azikiwe attended Holy Trinity School (a Roman
6125:"Brinkmanship in Nigeria: The Federal Elections of 1964-65"
5037:
2696:
1878:
Flag of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria (1914 -1960)
1398:. On 8 July 1945, the Nigerian government banned Azikiwe's
1088:
Point Winner, Baltimore Cross Country Marathon (1929, 1930)
978:
Young Men's Christian Association, Storer College (1925–27)
5665:"THE POLITICAL PUBLIC AND DIFFERENCE: THE CASE OF NIGERIA"
4818:
3983:(1). New York: The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc.: 54–55.
2263:. Azikiwe stayed away from politics after the war. He was
1318:(founded in 1940 and published in Port Harcourt), and the
573:(16 November 1904 – 11 May 1996), commonly referred to as
285:
President of National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons
7308:
National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons politicians
5804:"(1960) Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, "Independence Day" •"
5613:"A brief walk into the life of Nigeria's first president"
4702:
4700:
3867:
Esele, Amos (21 November 1994). "Ninety hearty cheers!".
3114:
Ideology for Nigeria: Capitalism, Socialism or Welfarism?
1663:'s Colonial Bureau, the Labor Imperial Committee and the
1151:
President, Nigerian Table Tennis Association (since 1953)
1064:
Medalist, Pentathlon, Storer College Championships (1925)
5578:
5479:
3046:
Creation of More States in Nigeria, A Political Analysis
2787:- annual leadership award, in 1995 in honor of Azikiwe.
1024:
Azikiwe playing American football, Storer College (1926)
1011:
Sodalitae Scientiae Civilis of Lincoln University (1934)
6070:"Why was Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa killed in the coup"
5390:
4782:
4780:
4729:
4727:
4137:
4135:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3231:"Flora Azikiwe: Nigeria' maiden First Lady at a glance"
1091:
Bronze Medalist, Richmond Cross Country Marathon (1931)
931:
in 1932 and a master's degree in anthropology from the
823:. He was introduced to the teachings of Marcus Garvey,
671:
authorities with a request to represent Nigeria at the
5639:"Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa -II"
5195:
5157:
5083:
4830:
4806:
4765:
4712:
4697:
4685:
4673:
4661:
2992:
Zik: A Selection of the Speeches of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe
1611:
7358:
Candidates in the 1979 Nigerian presidential election
7328:
Grand Commanders of the Order of the Federal Republic
6891:
5073:
5071:
5069:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
2055:
Seal of the President of Federal Republic of Nigeria.
1843:(NCNC) came first with 2,594,577 votes and 89 seats.
6547:"Welcome to the New Central Bank of Nigeria Website"
4777:
4724:
4503:
4132:
3766:
3261:"Nnamdi Azikiwe | president of Nigeria | Britannica"
3153:
1177:
774:
grandmother and aunt to learn the Igbo language and
589:(1963–1966). He is widely regarded as the father of
4985:
4983:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
2340:
1070:
Gold Medalist, Cross Country, Storer College (1921)
990:
Life Fellow, Royal Anthropological Institute (1933)
987:
International Club of Columbla University (1930–32)
984:
Stylus Literary Society of Howard University (1923)
7243:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
5107:The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News
5066:
4629:"Nnamdi Azikiwe and the vision of a united Africa"
4272:Sports and Politics in British West/Central Africa
4169:Azikiwe, N. (1 January 1965). "Nigerian pioneer".
3917:"Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe"
3875:
3813:"Reminiscing The Founding Fathers: Nnamdi Azikiwe"
3726:
2558:1961: Honorary Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) by the
2113:
1288:Azikiwe returned to Lagos in 1937 and founded the
1207:Azikiwe applied as a foreign-service official for
1139:President, Nigerian Swimming Association (1938–41)
1079:Co- Captain, Lincoln University Soccer Team (1930)
703:
560:Politician, lawyer, journalist, athlete, statesman
5815:
5813:
5410:"Nnamdi Azikiwe | Nationalism and Decolonization"
5370:
5256:
5254:
4849:
4847:
4845:
3966:
3964:
3649:
3467:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
3034:Peace Proposals for Ending the Nigerian Civil War
1136:President, Nigerian Cricket Association (1940–44)
1073:Bronze Medalist, Laurel-Baltimore Marathon (1927)
1067:Captain, Storer College Cross Country Team (1927)
7219:
5214:
5212:
5210:
4980:
3902:
3515:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
1386:, with the exception of newsletters such as the
1130:Gold Coast Lawn Tennis Club of Accra (1935–1937)
1055:Champion, Welterweight, Storer College (1925–27)
1002:American Anthropological Association (1932–1934)
6762:Respect for Human Dignity: an Inaugural Address
6360:University, Nnamdi Azikiwe (16 November 2021).
6048:
6046:
5498:University, Nnamdi Azikiwe (16 November 2021).
5176:University, Nnamdi Azikiwe (16 November 2021).
3604:University, Nnamdi Azikiwe (16 November 2021).
3082:Civil War Soliloquies: More Collection of Poems
3064:Our Struggle for Freedom; Onitsha Market Crisis
2586:1980: Honorary doctor of Humane Letters by the
2295:Azikiwe eventually died on 11 May 1996, at the
999:American Society of International Law (1933–34)
6689:. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Publisher.
6275:. Nolix Educational Publishers. 2 April 1996.
6092:
6090:
5810:
5251:
4842:
4337:"Nigerians Love For Football; is it too much?"
3961:
3088:Themes in African Social and Political Thought
2735:
1939:
1076:Champion, Backstroke, Howard University (1928)
624:which was the main indigenous language of the
7363:Members of the Legislative Council of Nigeria
7014:
7000:
6877:
6712:
6296:Aguolu, C. C.; Aguolu, L. E. (2 April 1997).
6067:
5207:
3987:
3253:
2259:, to finally negotiate with Nigerian leader,
2016:, ILO Director-General. In December 1961 the
1467:National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons
981:International Cub of Howard University (1928)
782:mission school) and Christ Church School (an
426:National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons
6295:
6043:
5607:
5605:
5310:International Journal of Arts and Humanities
5261:Iweriebor, Ehiedu Emmanuel Goodluck (1993).
3842:
3481:
1957:Azikiwe was recommended as the successor to
1901:with the Federal Council of Ministers, 1960.
1823:On 1 October 1959, Azikiwe was succeeded by
1723:
1261:nationalism". Azikiwe did not shy away from
1005:American Political Science Society (1933–34)
643:Azikiwe was well travelled. He moved to the
6687:Nnamdi Azikiwe: The Philosopher of Our Time
6490:"Azikiwe-Nkrumah Hall | Lincoln University"
6336:Nnamdi Azikiwe: The Philosopher of Our Time
6173:
6171:
6087:
4655:Mass Media, People, and Politics in Nigeria
4168:
3866:
3791:"Benjamin Nnamdi "Zik" Azikiwe (1904–1996)"
2673:Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja
1127:Mercury Athletic Club of New York (1932–34)
726:lies in the Southeastern part of the nation
698:
7293:Governors and governors-general of Nigeria
7007:
6993:
6884:
6870:
6747:Eminent Nigerians of the Twentieth Century
6703:
6664:(Thesis). University of Wisconsin-Madison.
6359:
6180:"BIOGRAPHY OF DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE"
6021:Ojo, Emmanuel Oladipo (10 February 2012).
6007:1964 federal election crisis-: An analysis
5497:
5360:(2): 144–166 – via escholarship.org.
5277:
5175:
4445:"Anti-god editorial jails two in Africa".
4154:"AZIKIWE MAY ACCEPT POSITION IN LIBERIA".
3827:
3603:
2965:. Institute of Management and Technology.
1720:in 1954 when it became a federating unit.
1620:presented proposals for a revision of the
993:Life Fellow, Royal Economic Society (1934)
163:16 November 1960 – 1 October 1963
7368:Founders of Nigerian schools and colleges
7207:*Civilian; headed transition to abortive
5925:
5602:
5260:
4966:"The Nigerian Youth Movement (1934–1951)"
4657:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 95.
4603:"Long awaited Zik's Day preps in Anambra"
4024:. Princeton University Press. p. 7.
3384:
2618:Memorials and Monuments to Nnamdi Azikiwe
2333:In 2019, the administration of President
2131:of the Western Region, Finance Minister,
2046:
1509:
1413:(his Port Harcourt newsletter). He led a
83:1 October 1963 – 16 January 1966
7278:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni
6668:
6168:
5662:
5596:
5584:
5485:
5396:
5278:Oluwagbemi, Ayodele (14 February 2016).
5218:
4932:
4930:
4786:
4244:
4017:
2770:
2754:
2746:
2740:Azikiwe's portrait appears on Nigeria's
2721:
2710:
2702:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2655:
2644:
2632:
2621:
2482:
2329:Nnamdi Azikiwe’s Grave in his Mausoleum.
2324:
2230:
2197:, in a military coup led by Lt. Colonel
2058:
2050:
2031:On 17 November 1961, in a speech at the
2022:
1893:
1881:
1873:
1841:National Council of Nigeria and Cameroon
1830:
1779:
1747:
1727:
1675:
1549:
1436:
1322:in Onitsha. In 1944, the group acquired
1279:
1273:, and Azikiwe (as editor) was tried for
1163:
1133:Patron, Zik's Athletic Club (since 1956)
1019:
881:
757:
730:Azikiwe was born on 16 November 1904 in
707:
254:1 October 1954 – 1 October 1959
214:1 January 1960 – 1 October 1960
6721:
6659:
6339:. Fourth Dimension Publishing Company.
6177:
5743:"The Nigerian Federal Election of 1959"
5716:The Indian Journal of Political Science
5545:
5201:
5163:
5089:
4910:"Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi | Infoplease"
4836:
4824:
4812:
4771:
4718:
4706:
4691:
4679:
4667:
3970:
3650:Aguolu and Aguolu, C.C and L.E (1997).
3635:"Mother of Nnamdi Azikiwe dies at 75".
3139:
3130:
3111:
2960:
2939:
2838:
1869:
1008:American Ethnological Society (1933–34)
819:, beginning tertiary education at the
465: 1936; died 1983)
7220:
6650:
6430:"HONORARY GRADUATES FROM 1961 TO 1983"
6214:
6122:
6052:
5833:
5459:
5433:
5127:
5103:"Nnamdi Azikiwe: A True National Hero"
5023:. Africa World Press. pp. 57–58.
4996:. Africa World Press. pp. 53–54.
4936:
4733:
4509:
4316:
4141:
3871:. Lagos, Nigeria – via ProQuest.
3777:
3544:. 7 January 1950 – via ProQuest.
3288:
1952:– Nnamdi Azikiwe (summer 1960, London)
516:Obed-Edom Chukwuemeka Azikiwe (father)
16:President of Nigeria from 1963 to 1966
6988:
6865:
6744:
6646:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 67–89.
6178:Omotola, Balogun (11 December 2017).
6096:
5740:
5303:
5225:The Journal of Modern African Studies
5016:
4989:
4927:
4745:
4449:. 1 August 1936 – via ProQuest.
4084:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3554:
3512:
3482:Aguolu, C. C.; Aguolu, L. E. (1997).
3424:
3228:
3040:Dialogue on a New Capital for Nigeria
2827:. Chief Azikiwe was installed as the
2763:
1808:On 3 February 1959, Azikiwe received
6684:
6673:(PhD Thesis). University of Toronto.
6641:
6332:
5712:"Federal Elections in Nigeria, 1959"
5575:(1912–2001). Retrieved via Proquest.
5462:"Buhari, Shekau and Sambisa Forrest"
5344:
5077:
4652:
4158:. 21 July 1934 – via ProQuest.
3898:. 14 June 1947 – via ProQuest.
3881:
3739:
3439:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.013.0239
2810:
2544:1959: Honorary Doctor of Law by the
1816:and Adviser on African Affairs, Mr.
7303:Nigerian People's Party politicians
6123:Anglin, Douglas G. (2 April 1965).
6020:
5709:
5304:Enesi, Prince H. (1 January 2017).
4746:Times, Premium (29 November 2022).
3674:
2998:Assassination Story: True or False?
2478:
2455:Privy Council of the United Kingdom
2018:American Society of African Culture
1612:Opposition to Richards constitution
1432:
1194:article which led to sedition trial
1168:Old photo of Rt. Hn. Azikiwe Nnamdi
1015:
327:Chancellor of University of Nigeria
13:
7268:Presidents of the Senate (Nigeria)
7248:Methodist Boys' High School alumni
6730:. Onitsha, Nigeria: Africana-FEP.
6728:Azikiwe and the African Revolution
6678:
6249:"Victor Umeh weeps at Zik's Grave"
4317:Abioye, Joseph Adegboyega (1980).
3623:
3593:. Spectrum Books. 1970. p. 4.
3362:. 16 November 2017. Archived from
3116:. Macmillan Nigeria. p. 196.
2986:Economic Reconstruction of Nigeria
2235:Independent State of Biafra, 1967.
1801:of National Independent Party and
1736:Azikiwe became the premier of the
1545:
1476:Nigerian National Democratic Party
202:President of the Senate of Nigeria
14:
7404:
7393:20th-century presidents in Africa
7323:20th-century Nigerian politicians
6893:Presidents of the Nigerian Senate
6754:
6255:. 30 October 2014. Archived from
6215:French, Howard W. (14 May 1996).
6097:Jimoh, Dauda Ishola (July 2021).
6053:Samuel, Babatope (January 2012).
5878:collections.libraries.indiana.edu
5280:"Remembering the Zikist Movement"
5219:Olusanya, G. O. (November 1966).
4937:French, Howard W. (14 May 1996).
3995:"Biography of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe"
3557:"NIGERIAN URGES USES OF THE PAST"
3289:French, Howard W. (14 May 1996).
3094:Restoration of Nigerian Democracy
3052:Democracy with Military Vigilance
3022:Origins of the Nigerian Civil War
2010:International Labour Organization
1178:Journalism; newspaper and editing
1172:
762:Azikiwe with his parents, c.1910s
513:Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu (mother)
345:Chancellor of University of Lagos
297:May 1946 – November 1960
7045:
6713:Jones-Quartey, K. A. B. (1965).
6617:
6603:
6589:
6571:
6553:
6539:
6521:
6507:
6482:
6468:
6450:
6422:
6404:
6379:
6353:
6326:
6312:
6289:
6263:
6241:
6227:
6208:
6197:
6147:
6116:
6061:
6014:
5998:
5986:
5968:
5950:
5932:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
5919:
5891:
5866:
5827:
5796:
5778:
5760:
5734:
5703:
5685:
5656:
5631:
5565:
5539:
5517:
5491:
5460:Chioma, Unini (1 January 2017).
5373:"Clement Attlee and union links"
3971:Azikiwe, Nnamdi (January 1966).
3589:"I: My Genealogy and Nativity".
3425:chuku, gloria (1 January 2011),
3184:
3170:
3156:
2905:
2876:
2707:Azikiwe/DMGS Roundabout, Onitsha
2580:
2566:
2552:
2538:
2524:
2510:
2496:
2463:
2447:
2361:
2341:Historical reputation and legacy
2175:
2163:
1961:, by the British Prime Minister
1886:New Flag of Nigeria designed by
791:, Lagos. His father was sent to
581:from 1960 to 1963 and the first
543:Lincoln University, Pennsylvania
44:
7378:University and college founders
6660:Idemili, Samuel Okafor (1980).
6068:IjeziePodcast (1 August 2022).
5852:10.14321/jwestafrihist.7.1.0001
5840:Journal of West African History
5453:
5427:
5402:
5364:
5338:
5316:
5297:
5271:
5169:
5128:Nwafor, Emmanuel Mordi (2018).
5121:
5095:
5010:
4958:
4902:
4877:
4739:
4646:
4621:
4595:
4582:
4556:
4541:
4515:
4478:
4453:
4438:
4424:
4398:
4381:
4355:
4329:
4310:
4285:
4260:
4238:
4213:
4202:
4177:
4162:
4147:
4114:
4054:
4011:
3975:(ed.). "A teacher remembered".
3935:
3887:
3860:
3805:
3783:
3745:
3700:
3680:
3643:
3597:
3582:
3548:
3533:
3431:Dictionary of African Biography
3142:History Will Vindicate The Just
2980:Political Blueprint for Nigeria
2114:Post presidency and final years
2081:erupted in the Western Region.
1805:of Northern People's Congress.
1793:of Northern People's Congress,
1732:Eastern Region Ministers, 1956.
1124:Diamond Football Club (1922–24)
815:. Azikiwe joined his father in
704:Youth: education and background
482:
462:
6561:"My Odyssey: An autobiography"
6333:Igwe, Agbafor (2 April 1992).
5741:Burns, Alan (1 January 1964).
4122:"Nigeria – Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe"
3506:
3475:
3441:(inactive 17 September 2024),
3418:
3378:
3346:
3318:
3282:
3222:
3140:——— (1983).
3131:——— (1983).
3112:——— (1980).
3016:The Realities of African Unity
2961:——— (1966).
2940:——— (1971).
2815:Azikiwe was inducted into the
2286:
2277:31 December 1983 military coup
1927:and membership of the Queen's
1741:Company at Nkalagu in today's
1554:Members of the Zikist Movement
766:As a young boy, Azikiwe spoke
716:: Azikiwe's birth land in the
1:
7388:Hope Waddell Institute alumni
6387:"Baraje and the Title of CON"
5944:10.1080/14794012.2018.1423601
5048:"DR. BENJAMIN NNAMDI AZIKIWE"
4859:DREAM WORLD PIONEERS VENTURES
3687:motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/
3540:"Azikiwe fights for Africa".
3215:
3004:Before Us Lies the Open Grave
2781:Federal Government of Nigeria
2683:Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, Enugu
2470:Order of the Federal Republic
2038:Organisation of African Unity
1449:Azikiwe became active in the
834:, Azikiwe was transferred to
821:Hope Waddell Training College
809:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
392:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
51:
7373:University of Nigeria people
6704:Ikeotuonye, Vincent (1961).
5786:"33. Nigeria (1960-present)"
5710:Awa, E. O. (12 April 1960).
5697:University Of Nigeria Nsukka
5663:Ejobowah, John Boye (1999).
4592:, Moscow: Progress, 1977 p.9
4297:biography.yourdictionary.com
3010:The Future of Pan-Africanism
2942:My Odyssey: An Autobiography
2594:Others include degrees from
2118:When the opposition leader,
1671:
1665:West African Students' Union
1372:Indian independence movement
973:Associations & Societies
896:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
636:exposed him to learning the
7:
7383:Premiers of Eastern Nigeria
7313:Nigerian newspaper founders
7126:Military regime (1983–1999)
7075:Military regime (1966–1979)
6814:Governor-General of Nigeria
6787:Senate President of Nigeria
6362:"PROFILE OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE"
5926:Geerlings, Lonneke (2018).
5500:"PROFILE OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE"
5178:"PROFILE OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE"
4254:repositories.lib.utexas.edu
4156:The New York Amsterdam News
3606:"PROFILE OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE"
3433:, Oxford University Press,
3395:10.1007/978-3-030-46283-3_7
3149:
2833:Nigerian chieftaincy system
2736:Currency and Postage Stamps
2572:1969: Doctor of Law by the
2516:1947: Doctor of Letters by
2211:, military governor of the
2008:Azikiwe attended the First
1940:Governor General of Nigeria
1366:occurred. As he did in the
1284:Azikiwe in his Office, 1937
1225:, a new daily newspaper in
836:Methodist Boys' High School
789:Methodist Boys' High School
620:, Azikiwe learned to speak
579:governor-general of Nigeria
151:Governor-General of Nigeria
10:
7409:
7338:University of Lagos people
6669:Olusanya, Gabriel (1964).
5980:kinginstitute.stanford.edu
5962:kinginstitute.stanford.edu
5672:tspace.library.utoronto.ca
5546:Adekoya, Dr. Remi (2019).
5434:Asiodu, Philip C. (2017).
5354:National Black Law Journal
5017:Sklar, Richard L. (2004).
4990:Sklar, Richard L. (2004).
3591:Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey
3427:"Azikiwe, Benjamin Nnamdi"
3133:Breach of Trust by the NPN
2845:
2759:Azikiwe on 500 naira note.
2660:Outside View, Zik Center,
2626:Nnamdi Azikiwe Mausoleum,
2588:University of Pennsylvania
2354:Nnamdi Azikiwe (1960–1963)
2193:was deposed and killed by
1852:Northern People’s Congress
1616:In 1945, British governor
1041:Sports Achievements/Honors
1038:
933:University of Pennsylvania
925:University of Pennsylvania
911:. Azikiwe was a member of
846:, former president of the
803:. In 1918, he was back to
661:University of Pennsylvania
548:University of Pennsylvania
242:Premier of Eastern Nigeria
7205:
7165:
7125:
7105:
7074:
7054:
7043:
7026:
6899:
6850:
6841:
6828:
6820:
6811:
6803:
6793:
6784:
6778:
6773:
6625:"Nnamdi Azikiwe's Zikism"
5899:"PowerPoint Presentation"
5345:Seng, Michael P. (1985).
5237:10.1017/S0022278X00013501
4062:"Politics and Leadership"
3527:10.1080/03086539908583061
2955:Liberia in World Politics
2800:Michigan State University
2693:Nnamdi Azikiwe University
2649:Inside View, Zik Center,
2546:Michigan State University
2440:
2384:
2369:
2360:
2347:
1724:Premier of Eastern region
1304:Southern Nigeria Defender
1190:— Excerpt from May 1936
673:1932 Los Angeles Olympics
564:
556:
523:
506:
495:
441:
418:
397:
370:
365:
361:
350:
343:
332:
325:
313:
301:
290:
282:
270:
258:
247:
240:
228:
218:
207:
199:
189:
177:
167:
156:
148:
130:
111:
99:
87:
76:
65:
61:
43:
23:
7353:Nigerian revolutionaries
7348:Burials in Anambra State
7283:Howard University alumni
7273:Leaders ousted by a coup
6745:Ugowe, C. O. O. (2000).
6635:
4245:Olusegun, Obasa (2015).
3028:I Believe in One Nigeria
2869:
1701:leader of the Opposition
1685:constitution led to the
1598:Convention Peoples Party
1271:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
699:Early life and education
7343:People from Niger State
6010:. Etudo. 13 April 1965.
5377:NationalArchives.gov.uk
5371:The National Archives.
4653:Uche, Luke Uka (1989).
4018:Getachew, Adom (2019).
3542:New York Amsterdam News
2726:Nnamdi Azikiwe statue,
2604:Ahmadu Bello University
2530:1950: Doctor of Law by
2502:1946: Doctor of Law by
2468:Grand Commander of the
2273:Nigerian People's Party
1647:, and spoke about the "
1451:Nigerian Youth Movement
950:Baltimore Afro-American
587:First Nigerian Republic
571:Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe
432:Nigerian People's Party
375:Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe
6807:James Wilson Robertson
6722:Olisa, Michael S. O.;
6685:Igwe, Agbafor (1992).
6597:"UNN Documentary Film"
6533:Nnamdi Azikiwe Library
6322:– via gaana.com.
5347:"Democracy in Nigeria"
5145:Cite journal requires
4293:"Nnamdi Azikiwe Facts"
3850:Nigeria Year Book 1962
3106:A Matter of Conscience
2807:) in Eastern Nigeria.
2776:
2760:
2752:
2730:
2719:
2708:
2700:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2653:
2642:
2637:Azikiwe-Nkrumah Hall,
2630:
2488:
2453: : Member of the
2330:
2323:
2246:
2236:
2092:Samuel Ladoke Akintola
2069:Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
2064:
2056:
2047:Presidency (1963-1966)
2028:
1991:Shirley Graham Du Bois
1949:
1902:
1891:
1879:
1836:
1791:Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
1785:
1769:
1760:, Beverly Carter, and
1733:
1681:
1653:Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti
1590:
1555:
1510:Conspiracy allegations
1446:
1394:) were outsold by the
1285:
1187:
1169:
1025:
962:Associated Negro Press
915:. He then enrolled at
891:
763:
727:
142:Military head of state
117:Position established (
94:Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
7333:Nigerian nationalists
7318:Storer College alumni
7263:Presidents of Nigeria
6854:Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
6766:World Digital Library
6717:. Baltimore: Penguin.
6129:International Journal
5834:Reeves, Mark (2021).
4752:Premium Times Nigeria
4550:New Journal and Guide
4410:Sports Village Square
4367:Sports Village Square
4173:– via ProQuest.
4126:www.onlinenigeria.com
3896:New Journal and Guide
3076:A Collection of Poems
2805:University of Nigeria
2774:
2758:
2751:Azikiwe issue of 1964
2750:
2725:
2715:Nnamdi Azikiwe Hall,
2714:
2706:
2691:
2681:
2671:
2659:
2648:
2636:
2625:
2574:University of Liberia
2560:University of Nigeria
2486:
2328:
2319:
2299:Teaching Hospital in
2297:University of Nigeria
2241:
2234:
2062:
2054:
2033:University of Nigeria
2026:
1967:Martin Luther King Jr
1944:
1897:
1885:
1877:
1834:
1797:of the Action group,
1783:
1774:University of Nigeria
1751:
1731:
1703:to the government of
1680:Nigeria Stamp of 1953
1679:
1586:
1553:
1506:, and T.O.S. Benson.
1480:Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti
1440:
1388:East African Standard
1283:
1255:philosophical pillars
1240:racial discrimination
1217:King's College, Lagos
1182:
1167:
1023:
885:
761:
711:
137:Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
6844:President of Nigeria
6749:. Lagos: Hugo Books.
6583:Zik's Lecture Series
6366:Zik's Lecture Series
6184:Diamond Boat Consult
6103:www.researchgate.net
5573:Philadelphia Tribune
5504:Zik's Lecture Series
5182:Zik's Lecture Series
4486:"DR. NNAMDI AZIKIWE"
4268:"Nationalist Period"
3856:. 1962. p. 112.
3637:Philadelphia Tribune
3610:Zik's Lecture Series
2839:Political ideologies
2717:University of Ibadan
2596:University of Ibadan
2150:Johnson Aguyi-Ironsi
2085:1964 Crisis and Coup
1979:Dr. Horace Mann Bond
1934:Tafawa Balewa Square
1870:Nigeria Independence
1655:, Zanna Dipcharima,
1568:M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu
1392:Nigerian Daily Times
1368:African Morning Post
1222:African Morning Post
1192:African Morning Post
956:Philadelphia Tribune
647:where he was called
591:Nigerian nationalism
583:president of Nigeria
224:Position established
71:President of Nigeria
26:The Right Honourable
7253:Nigerian Christians
6627:. 8 September 2021.
5619:. 20 September 2017
5599:, pp. 303–305.
4827:, pp. 230–231.
4564:"Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe"
4523:"Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe"
4434:. 16 November 2022.
4225:Nigeria News Update
4189:Nigeria News Update
4030:10.2307/j.ctv3znwvg
3639:. 22 February 1958.
3229:Nuhu Musa, Jamila.
3200:African nationalism
2600:University of Lagos
2349:Viceregal styles of
2269:University of Lagos
2195:Theophillus Danjuma
1959:Sir James Robertson
1657:Abubakar Olorunimbe
1415:1945 general strike
941:Columbia University
720:.(his native town,
693:African nationalism
685:British West Africa
657:Columbia University
6823:Position abolished
6774:Political offices
6724:M., Ikejiani-Clark
6478:. 3 December 2022.
6259:on 5 January 2015.
6221:The New York Times
5109:. 16 November 2018
5054:. 10 November 2017
4944:The New York Times
4914:www.infoplease.com
4609:. 14 November 2019
4490:www.ekwendigbo.com
4171:The New York Times
4102:on 5 February 2007
3834:"Nnamdi Azikiwe".
3714:. 14 December 2016
3561:The New York Times
3296:The New York Times
3265:www.britannica.com
3241:on 17 October 2015
2777:
2764:In popular Culture
2761:
2753:
2731:
2720:
2709:
2701:
2686:
2676:
2666:
2654:
2643:
2639:Lincoln University
2631:
2504:Lincoln University
2489:
2435:West African Pilot
2331:
2314:The New York Times
2237:
2222:Republic of Biafra
2142:Sir Kashim Ibrahim
2133:Festus Okotie-Eboh
2096:Dr. Michael Okpara
2065:
2057:
2029:
1999:George S. Schuyler
1995:Amy Jacques Garvey
1911:Princess Alexandra
1907:British Union Jack
1903:
1899:Princess Alexandra
1892:
1880:
1837:
1786:
1770:
1734:
1682:
1556:
1516:West African Pilot
1500:Festus Okotie-Eboh
1486:, J.O. Fadahunsi,
1447:
1425:The New York Times
1419:West African Pilot
1400:West African Pilot
1362:West African Pilot
1320:Nigerian Spokesman
1296:West African Pilot
1291:West African Pilot
1286:
1170:
1026:
937:Lincoln University
929:Lincoln University
917:Lincoln University
892:
844:James. A. Garfield
764:
728:
195:Position abolished
7215:
7214:
7166:President of the
7106:President of the
7055:President of the
6982:
6981:
6860:
6859:
6851:Succeeded by
6821:Succeeded by
6794:Succeeded by
6737:978-978-175-223-0
6715:A Life of Azikiwe
6708:. P.R. Macmillan.
6706:Zik of New Africa
6696:978-978-156-030-9
6462:zikism.tripod.com
6346:978-978-156-001-9
6282:978-978-2754-60-8
5806:. 20 August 2009.
5414:Nigerian Scholars
5030:978-1-59221-209-5
5003:978-1-59221-209-5
4787:Sun News (2017).
4552:. 22 August 1936.
4393:978-0-89680-278-0
4039:978-0-691-17915-5
3923:. 3 February 2019
3815:. 3 February 2019
3681:Oha, Obododimma.
3448:978-0-19-538207-5
3404:978-3-030-46283-3
3205:Zikist philosophy
2865:
2864:
2829:Owelle-Osowa-Anya
2817:Agbalanze society
2811:Traditional honor
2532:Howard University
2459:16 November 1960.
2392:
2391:
1924:Sir Tafawa Balewa
1888:Michael Akinwunmi
1696:electoral college
1641:Eleanor Roosevelt
1502:, A.K. Blankson,
1445:in London. (1949)
1160:
1159:
900:Howard University
811:, in the city of
714:linguistic groups
712:Map of Nigeria's
665:Howard University
568:
567:
538:Howard University
7400:
7258:Igbo politicians
7147:
7049:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6986:
6985:
6974:Godswill Akpabio
6944:Anyim Pius Anyim
6886:
6879:
6872:
6863:
6862:
6837:Queen of Nigeria
6829:Preceded by
6804:Preceded by
6781:Position created
6779:Preceded by
6771:
6770:
6760:Nnamdi Azikiwe:
6750:
6741:
6718:
6709:
6700:
6674:
6665:
6656:
6647:
6629:
6628:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6593:
6587:
6586:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6517:. 16 March 2017.
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6454:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6434:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6416:research.msu.edu
6408:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6316:
6310:
6309:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6212:
6206:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6175:
6166:
6165:
6159:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6094:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6050:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6030:nairametrics.com
6027:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5903:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5817:
5808:
5807:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5747:academic.oup.com
5738:
5732:
5731:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5669:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5609:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5466:TheNigeriaLawyer
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5406:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5284:Punch Newspapers
5275:
5269:
5268:
5258:
5249:
5248:
5216:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5148:
5143:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5044:
5035:
5034:
5014:
5008:
5007:
4987:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4934:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4865:on 4 August 2020
4861:. Archived from
4855:"Nnamdi Azikiwe"
4851:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4784:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4737:
4731:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4704:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4599:
4593:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4570:. 7 January 2013
4560:
4554:
4553:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4529:. 7 January 2013
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4412:. 21 August 2018
4402:
4396:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4323:etd.ohiolink.edu
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4251:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4221:"Nnamdi Azikiwe"
4217:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4185:"Nnamdi Azikiwe"
4181:
4175:
4174:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4130:
4129:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4098:. Archived from
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4068:. Archived from
4058:
4052:
4051:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3949:on 5 August 2020
3945:. Archived from
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3913:
3900:
3899:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3753:"history – MGHS"
3749:
3743:
3737:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3366:on 5 August 2020
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3334:. 1 October 2020
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3237:. Archived from
3226:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3178:Biography portal
3175:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3145:
3136:
3127:
2976:
2949:Renascent Africa
2945:
2909:
2908:
2880:
2879:
2843:
2585:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2543:
2542:
2529:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2479:Honorary Degrees
2467:
2452:
2451:
2406:James A Garfield
2365:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2335:Muhammadu Buhari
2281:Muhammadu Buhari
2250:
2199:Murtala Muhammed
2179:
2167:
2074:Governor-General
1963:Harold Macmillan
1953:
1471:Herbert Macaulay
1433:Political career
1350:
1324:Dusé Mohamed Ali
1316:Eastern Guardian
1248:Renascent Africa
1195:
1036:
1016:Athletics career
904:Washington, D.C.
840:Akarigbo of Remo
830:After attending
736:Northern Nigeria
501:Chukwuma Azikiwe
486:
484:
466:
464:
451:Flora Ogoegbunam
404:
385:16 November 1904
384:
382:
366:Personal details
355:
337:
316:
308:Herbert Macaulay
304:
295:
273:
261:
252:
231:
221:
212:
192:
180:
161:
133:
124:Queen of Nigeria
114:
102:
101:Senate President
90:
81:
56:
53:
48:
21:
20:
7408:
7407:
7403:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7201:
7168:Fourth Republic
7161:
7145:
7121:
7108:Second Republic
7101:
7070:
7050:
7041:
7022:
7013:
6983:
6978:
6949:Adolphus Wabara
6909:Dennis Osadebay
6895:
6890:
6856:
6847:
6839:
6834:
6824:
6817:
6809:
6799:
6797:Dennis Osadebay
6790:
6782:
6757:
6738:
6726:, eds. (1989).
6697:
6681:
6679:Further reading
6638:
6633:
6632:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6599:. 22 June 2017.
6595:
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6513:
6512:
6508:
6498:
6496:
6494:www.lincoln.edu
6488:
6487:
6483:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6458:"ZIK OF AFRICA"
6456:
6455:
6451:
6441:
6439:
6437:spgs.unn.edu.ng
6432:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6395:
6393:
6391:www.ilorin.info
6385:
6384:
6380:
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6368:
6358:
6354:
6347:
6331:
6327:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6302:World Libraries
6294:
6290:
6283:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6237:. 27 June 2018.
6233:
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5408:
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5403:
5395:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5369:
5365:
5349:
5343:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5326:. 1 August 2016
5322:
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4793:Sun News Online
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4346:
4344:
4343:. 23 March 2015
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3712:The Sun Nigeria
3706:
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3656:World Libraries
3648:
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3488:World Libraries
3480:
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3192:Politics portal
3190:
3183:
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2775:Ziks Prize Logo
2766:
2738:
2620:
2579:
2565:
2551:
2537:
2523:
2509:
2495:
2481:
2446:
2443:
2388:Your Excellency
2371:Reference style
2353:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2289:
2252:
2248:
2218:Odumegwu Ojukwu
2209:Odumegwu Ojukwu
2187:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2129:Samuel Akintola
2120:Obafemi Awolowo
2116:
2049:
1971:Langston Hughes
1955:
1951:
1942:
1872:
1795:Obafemi Awolowo
1726:
1705:Obafemi Awolowo
1674:
1627:Arthur Richards
1618:Arthur Richards
1614:
1548:
1546:Zikist Movement
1512:
1504:Dennis Osadebay
1498:, F.S. McEwen,
1455:Samuel Akisanya
1435:
1348:
1300:Dante Alighieri
1197:
1189:
1180:
1175:
1120:
1018:
718:Northern region
706:
701:
667:. He contacted
651:, and attended
638:Yoruba language
626:Northern Region
604:in present-day
552:
519:
491:
488:
485: 1973)
480:
476:
468:
460:
456:
453:
437:
419:Political party
406:
402:
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376:
356:
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184:James Robertson
178:
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88:
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57:
54:
50:Nnamdi Azikiwe
39:
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28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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7305:
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7298:Azikiwe family
7295:
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7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
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7228:Nnamdi Azikiwe
7213:
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7209:Third Republic
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7057:First Republic
7052:
7051:
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7016:Heads of state
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6989:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
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6946:
6941:
6939:Chuba Okadigbo
6936:
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6926:
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6911:
6906:
6904:Nnamdi Azikiwe
6900:
6897:
6896:
6889:
6888:
6881:
6874:
6866:
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6805:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6792:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6756:
6755:External links
6753:
6752:
6751:
6742:
6736:
6719:
6710:
6701:
6695:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6666:
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6648:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6616:
6602:
6588:
6570:
6552:
6538:
6520:
6506:
6481:
6467:
6449:
6421:
6403:
6378:
6352:
6345:
6325:
6311:
6288:
6281:
6262:
6240:
6226:
6207:
6196:
6167:
6146:
6135:(2): 173–188.
6115:
6086:
6060:
6042:
6013:
5997:
5985:
5967:
5949:
5918:
5890:
5865:
5826:
5823:. 12 May 2010.
5809:
5795:
5777:
5759:
5733:
5722:(2): 101–113.
5702:
5684:
5655:
5630:
5601:
5589:
5587:, p. 303.
5577:
5564:
5538:
5516:
5490:
5488:, p. 247.
5478:
5452:
5426:
5401:
5399:, p. 246.
5389:
5363:
5337:
5315:
5296:
5270:
5250:
5231:(3): 323–333.
5206:
5204:, p. 262.
5194:
5168:
5166:, p. 258.
5156:
5147:|journal=
5120:
5094:
5092:, p. 255.
5082:
5065:
5036:
5029:
5009:
5002:
4979:
4957:
4926:
4901:
4889:The Journalist
4876:
4841:
4839:, p. 233.
4829:
4817:
4815:, p. 220.
4805:
4776:
4774:, p. 221.
4764:
4738:
4723:
4721:, p. 203.
4711:
4709:, p. 200.
4696:
4694:, p. 199.
4684:
4682:, p. 195.
4672:
4670:, p. 204.
4660:
4645:
4620:
4607:National Light
4594:
4588:Yuri Smertin.
4581:
4555:
4540:
4514:
4502:
4477:
4465:The Journalist
4452:
4437:
4423:
4397:
4380:
4354:
4328:
4309:
4284:
4259:
4237:
4212:
4201:
4176:
4161:
4146:
4131:
4113:
4083:
4066:Phi Beta Sigma
4053:
4038:
4010:
3986:
3960:
3934:
3901:
3886:
3874:
3859:
3841:
3826:
3804:
3782:
3765:
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3699:
3673:
3642:
3622:
3596:
3581:
3547:
3532:
3521:(2): 143–158.
3505:
3474:
3447:
3417:
3403:
3377:
3345:
3317:
3281:
3252:
3235:People's Daily
3220:
3219:
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3207:
3202:
3196:
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3181:
3167:
3164:Nigeria portal
3151:
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2923:Nnamdi Azikiwe
2911:
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2903:
2902:
2894:Nnamdi Azikiwe
2882:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2855:neo-welfarism.
2852:
2840:
2837:
2819:of Onitsha as
2812:
2809:
2765:
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2737:
2734:
2619:
2616:
2592:
2591:
2577:
2563:
2549:
2535:
2521:
2518:Storer College
2507:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2461:
2442:
2439:
2429:among others.
2423:Kenneth Kaunda
2415:Julius Nyerere
2390:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:the Honourable
2376:His Excellency
2373:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2342:
2339:
2288:
2285:
2240:
2213:Eastern Region
2181:
2174:
2173:
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2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2146:Michael Okpara
2115:
2112:
2100:Dennis Osadebe
2048:
2045:
1987:W.E.B. Du Bois
1943:
1941:
1938:
1871:
1868:
1825:Michael Okpara
1818:George Padmore
1738:Eastern Region
1725:
1722:
1718:Eastern Region
1673:
1670:
1661:Fabian Society
1632:Clement Attlee
1613:
1610:
1547:
1544:
1541:Daily Service.
1539:and the NYM's
1520:Michael Imoudu
1511:
1508:
1434:
1431:
1213:Igbo community
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Writing career
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979:
967:pan-Africanism
913:Phi Beta Sigma
888:Storer College
865:Storer College
705:
702:
700:
697:
683:). During the
653:Storer College
566:
565:
562:
561:
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533:Storer College
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405:(aged 91)
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89:Prime Minister
85:
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49:
41:
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32:
30:Nnamdi Azikiwe
29:
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7082:Aguiyi-Ironsi
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6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6964:Bukola Saraki
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6887:
6882:
6880:
6875:
6873:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6855:
6846:
6845:
6838:
6833:
6827:
6816:
6815:
6808:
6802:
6798:
6789:
6788:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6758:
6748:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6716:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6688:
6683:
6682:
6672:
6667:
6663:
6658:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6640:
6639:
6626:
6620:
6612:
6606:
6598:
6592:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6566:
6562:
6556:
6548:
6542:
6534:
6530:
6524:
6516:
6510:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6477:
6471:
6463:
6459:
6453:
6438:
6431:
6425:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6367:
6363:
6356:
6348:
6342:
6338:
6337:
6329:
6321:
6315:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6292:
6284:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6266:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6244:
6236:
6230:
6222:
6218:
6211:
6205:
6200:
6185:
6181:
6174:
6172:
6163:
6156:
6150:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6119:
6104:
6100:
6093:
6091:
6075:
6071:
6064:
6056:
6049:
6047:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6009:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5971:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5922:
5907:
5900:
5894:
5879:
5875:
5869:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5830:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5805:
5799:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5773:
5772:British Pathé
5769:
5763:
5748:
5744:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5618:
5617:Pulse Nigeria
5614:
5608:
5606:
5598:
5597:Olusanya 1964
5593:
5586:
5585:Olusanya 1964
5581:
5574:
5568:
5553:
5549:
5542:
5526:
5520:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5486:Olusanya 1964
5482:
5467:
5463:
5456:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5398:
5397:Olusanya 1964
5393:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5325:
5319:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5285:
5281:
5274:
5266:
5265:
5257:
5255:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5203:
5198:
5183:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5160:
5152:
5139:
5131:
5124:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5086:
5080:, p. 79.
5079:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5032:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4986:
4984:
4967:
4961:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4933:
4931:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4838:
4833:
4826:
4821:
4814:
4809:
4794:
4790:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4768:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4736:, p. 42.
4735:
4730:
4728:
4720:
4715:
4708:
4703:
4701:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4669:
4664:
4656:
4649:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4591:
4590:Kwame Nkrumah
4585:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4551:
4544:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4512:, p. 38.
4511:
4506:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4448:
4447:Afro-American
4441:
4433:
4427:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4369:. 21 May 2018
4368:
4364:
4358:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4205:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4172:
4165:
4157:
4150:
4144:, p. 41.
4143:
4138:
4136:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4072:on 2 May 2007
4071:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4014:
3999:
3996:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3973:Ivy, James W.
3967:
3965:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3890:
3884:, p. 69.
3883:
3878:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3837:
3830:
3814:
3808:
3792:
3786:
3780:, p. 37.
3779:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3754:
3748:
3742:, p. 68.
3741:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3592:
3585:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3536:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3464:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3285:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3168:
3165:
3154:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3123:9789781325212
3119:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2972:978-2736-09-0
2968:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2867:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2773:
2769:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:Kwame Nkrumah
2407:
2401:
2398:
2397:Marcus Garvey
2387:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2178:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2061:
2053:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:David A Morse
2011:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:Privy Council
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:Kwame Nkrumah
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:P. L. Prattis
1752:Azikiwe with
1750:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1716:of Nigeria's
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1678:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1600:(CPP) of the
1599:
1595:
1594:Kwame Nkrumah
1589:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:Raji Abdallah
1552:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:Raymond Njoku
1493:
1492:Margaret Ekpo
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1443:Sa'adu Zungur
1439:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:, which used
1297:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
976:
975:
974:
970:
968:
964:
963:
958:
957:
952:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
901:
897:
889:
884:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:United States
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
760:
756:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
725:
724:
719:
715:
710:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:(present day
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:United States
641:
639:
635:
631:
630:Igbo language
627:
623:
619:
618:Anambra State
615:
612:parents from
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:Zik of Africa
572:
563:
559:
555:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
528:
526:
522:
515:
512:
511:
509:
505:
502:
498:
494:
475:
470:
452:
447:
446:
444:
440:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
400:
396:
393:
389:
373:
369:
364:
360:
354:
349:
346:
342:
336:
331:
328:
324:
321:
318:
312:
309:
306:
300:
294:
289:
286:
281:
278:
275:
269:
266:
263:
257:
251:
246:
243:
239:
236:
233:
227:
223:
217:
211:
206:
203:
198:
194:
188:
185:
182:
176:
173:
170:
166:
160:
155:
152:
147:
143:
138:
135:
129:
125:
120:
116:
110:
107:
104:
98:
95:
92:
86:
80:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
47:
42:
38:
35:
27:
22:
19:
7065:
7037:Elizabeth II
6934:Evan Enwerem
6924:Iyorchia Ayu
6919:Joseph Wayas
6914:Nwafor Orizu
6903:
6842:
6832:Elizabeth II
6812:
6785:
6746:
6727:
6714:
6705:
6686:
6670:
6661:
6652:
6643:
6619:
6605:
6591:
6582:
6579:"Benefactor"
6573:
6564:
6555:
6541:
6532:
6523:
6509:
6497:. Retrieved
6493:
6484:
6470:
6461:
6452:
6440:. Retrieved
6436:
6424:
6415:
6406:
6394:. Retrieved
6390:
6381:
6369:. Retrieved
6365:
6355:
6335:
6328:
6314:
6305:
6301:
6291:
6271:
6265:
6257:the original
6252:
6243:
6229:
6220:
6210:
6199:
6187:. Retrieved
6183:
6161:
6149:
6132:
6128:
6118:
6106:. Retrieved
6102:
6077:. Retrieved
6073:
6063:
6033:. Retrieved
6029:
6016:
6006:
6000:
5992:
5988:
5979:
5970:
5961:
5952:
5935:
5931:
5921:
5909:. Retrieved
5905:
5893:
5881:. Retrieved
5877:
5868:
5843:
5839:
5829:
5798:
5789:
5780:
5771:
5762:
5750:. Retrieved
5746:
5736:
5719:
5715:
5705:
5696:
5687:
5675:. Retrieved
5671:
5658:
5646:. Retrieved
5642:
5633:
5621:. Retrieved
5616:
5592:
5580:
5572:
5567:
5555:. Retrieved
5552:Business Day
5551:
5541:
5529:. Retrieved
5519:
5507:. Retrieved
5503:
5493:
5481:
5469:. Retrieved
5465:
5455:
5443:. Retrieved
5439:
5429:
5417:. Retrieved
5413:
5404:
5392:
5380:. Retrieved
5376:
5366:
5357:
5353:
5340:
5328:. Retrieved
5318:
5309:
5299:
5287:. Retrieved
5283:
5273:
5263:
5228:
5224:
5202:Idemili 1980
5197:
5185:. Retrieved
5181:
5171:
5164:Idemili 1980
5159:
5138:cite journal
5123:
5113:11 September
5111:. Retrieved
5106:
5097:
5090:Idemili 1980
5085:
5056:. Retrieved
5051:
5019:
5012:
4992:
4970:. Retrieved
4968:. 3 May 2011
4960:
4948:. Retrieved
4942:
4917:. Retrieved
4913:
4904:
4892:. Retrieved
4888:
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4863:the original
4858:
4837:Idemili 1980
4832:
4825:Idemili 1980
4820:
4813:Idemili 1980
4808:
4796:. Retrieved
4792:
4772:Idemili 1980
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4751:
4741:
4719:Idemili 1980
4714:
4707:Idemili 1980
4692:Idemili 1980
4687:
4680:Idemili 1980
4675:
4668:Idemili 1980
4663:
4654:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4632:
4623:
4611:. Retrieved
4606:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4567:
4558:
4549:
4543:
4531:. Retrieved
4526:
4517:
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4489:
4480:
4468:. Retrieved
4464:
4455:
4446:
4440:
4426:
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119:Elizabeth II
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7238:1996 deaths
7233:1904 births
7170:(from 1999)
7110:(1979–1983)
7059:(1963–1966)
7030:(1960–1963)
6969:Ahmad Lawan
6954:Ken Nnamani
6396:16 November
6371:16 November
5906:www.ilo.org
5883:13 December
5643:The Citizen
5509:13 December
5419:13 December
4972:26 December
4757:26 December
4734:Tonkin 1990
4633:The Citizen
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4527:our history
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4142:Tonkin 1990
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4048:j.ctv3znwvg
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3854:Daily Times
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1341:Daily Times
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923:and in the
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886:Azikiwe in
860:racial bias
649:Ben Azikiwe
634:Lagos State
606:Niger State
585:during the
412:Enugu State
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303:Preceded by
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4076:7 November
3927:19 October
3615:6 December
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3310:6 December
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3216:References
2821:Nnanyelugo
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1118:Membership
1113:Benjamin).
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6442:18 August
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5995:(Part 2).
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5078:Orji 2013
3882:Orji 2013
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3740:Orji 2013
3569:0362-4331
3500:2155-7896
3413:226564363
3305:0362-4331
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2785:Zik Prize
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1672:1950–1953
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1328:The Comet
825:Garveyism
740:Igbo name
597:in 1960.
474:Uche Ewah
414:, Nigeria
357:1972–1976
353:In office
339:1961–1966
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293:In office
250:In office
210:In office
159:In office
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7182:Yar'Adua
7177:Obasanjo
7157:Abubakar
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3245:15 July
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2628:Onitsha
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3338:24 May
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3096:(1978)
3090:(1978)
3084:(1977)
3078:(1977)
3072:(1976)
3066:(1976)
3060:(1976)
3054:(1974)
3048:(1974)
3042:(1974)
3036:(1969)
3030:(1969)
3024:(1969)
3018:(1965)
3012:(1961)
3006:(1947)
3000:(1946)
2994:(1961)
2988:(1943)
2982:(1943)
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2957:(1931)
2951:(1973)
2936:(1961)
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1890:(1960)
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890:(1926)
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659:, the
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6433:(PDF)
6158:(PDF)
6137:JSTOR
6026:(PDF)
5902:(PDF)
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5724:JSTOR
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