332:
proposed development, as part of the planning process. The principle of "no net loss for people and biodiversity" is based on the idea that the wellbeing of people living near a development site should be no worse off because of activities to achieve NNL. The NBSOS discusses the potential impacts of activities used to achieve NNL on local communities, in terms of how impacts to biodiversity affect wellbeing and other social values.
144:
exactly recreating or preserving its structure elsewhere may be regarded as impossible or highly challenging. It is also argued that biodiversity has an integral value in and of itself, as well as a place-based spiritual and cultural value for humans that means it is regarded as concerning or unacceptable to substitute biodiversity loss in one area with attempts to conserve it elsewhere, such as through biodiversity offsetting.
69:(EIAs), which assess the potential for significant adverse impacts on the environment resulting from proposed developments and determine how environmental mitigation can be used to reach no net loss. The mitigation hierarchy is generally used as a sequential framework to guide the implementation of measures to achieve NNL. It varies regionally but often includes the steps avoidance, minimisation, restoration, and offsetting.
208:(the government agencies that regulate compensatory mitigation in the country) since 1990. A study that evaluated the achievement of no net loss under mitigation banking practices found that it was resulting in a net loss of wetland area across the country, though the study did not investigate whether no net loss of function was being achieved.
272:
No net loss of biodiversity is required in France under the law on biodiversity no. 2016–1087. This might be applied to particular habitats or species and there are also regional variations in the application of the policy. As a framework for achieving no net loss, the mitigation hierarchy is part of
81:
as "the point at which the project-related impacts on biodiversity are balanced by measures taken to avoid and minimize the project's impacts, to understand on site restoration and finally to offset significant residual impacts, if any, on an appropriate geographic scale (e.g local, landscape-level,
147:
The implementation of NNL also faces challenges. For example, the baseline to compare gains and losses may not be defined or the components and process of ecosystems and species being targeted may not be stated. The use of metrics to quantify losses and gains is required to determine whether no net
106:
promised "no net loss of wetlands" as a national goal. No net loss has since been used as a goal for wetland compensatory mitigation in the US - a practice that describes actions to restore, establish, or enhance wetland habitat to offset unavoidable adverse impacts that might occur from activities
143:
No net loss has been rejected as an impossible or unacceptable goal for biodiversity by some, including for social, ecological, or cultural reasons, while others regard it as a potential tool to reconcile infrastructure development and biodiversity loss. The complexity of biodiversity means that
331:
Uganda has a 'National
Biodiversity and Social Offset Strategy' (NBSOS) that discusses requirements for achieving "no net loss for people and biodiversity" as part of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIAs) process. ESIAs assess the potential social and environmental impacts of a
85:
Where the aim is for biodiversity levels to exceed their previous state, a goal of "net gain" (NG) or "net positive impact" (NPI) might be used instead of "no net loss." For example, the
Biodiversity Net Gain policy in England requires a 10% net gain in biodiversity or habitat compared to the
224:
and the 'Environmental
Offsets Policy', to be acceptable, a biodiversity offset must meet the target of no net loss. Despite these requirements, a review of the country's offsets system in 2020 found that net losses were occurring and concerns were also raised over administration of offsets.
139:
No net loss has been the subject of significant debate and has also been described as a "buzz phrase" in environmental policy because of its increasing use. There are a range of opinions on no net loss, including in relation to the feasibility of achieving the goal and the acceptability of
952:
Maron, Martine; Ives, Christopher D.; Kujala, Heini; Bull, Joseph W.; Maseyk, Fleur J. F.; Bekessy, Sarah; Gordon, Ascelin; Watson, James E.M.; Lentini, Pia E.; Gibbons, Philip; Possingham, Hugh P.; Hobbs, Richard J.; Keith, David A.; Wintle, Brendan A.; Evans, Megan C. (2016-04-13).
118:
has led to increasing no net loss requirements and corporate commitments. Through land-use change and other factors, economic development is playing a role in driving biodiversity loss but remains important for many of the world's most biodiverse countries. Stopping
543:
Tucker, G.M., Quétier, F. & Wende, W. (2020) Guidance on achieving no net loss or net gain of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Report to the
European Commission, DG Environment on Contract ENV.B.2/SER/2016/0018, Institute for European Environmental Policy,
319:
The
National Environment Act 2019 requires no net loss (but preferably a net gain) as a goal for biodiversity offsets and biodiversity conservation in the country. Before these legal requirements were introduced, a no net loss goal had been used by the
236:
that ran from 2002 to 2013 in
Victoria. A study to evaluate the impact of the NVMF found that up to 86% of offsets under the scheme did not compensate for impacts to native vegetation in the state, suggesting that the NNL goal was not achieved.
189:) to wetland conservation. This was motivated by the historic and ongoing loss of wetlands - over half of the original wetlands in the lower 48 states have been lost. A national policy of no net loss of wetlands was adopted by President
220:'Nature Positive Plan', Australia has a national goal to achieve no net loss (described as "zero net loss") and plans to transition to a "net positive" objective had been announced by July 2024. In addition, under the
311:. However, the study was unable to determine whether there was no net loss of biodiversity there and concerns were raised that these offsets might restrict the ability of Malagasy people to access forest resources.
156:
No net loss policies have become widespread - by 2018, they were in place in at least 69 countries. Requirements for NNL are often included as part of biodiversity offsetting policies or regulations for
1751:
300:
There are no legal requirements for no net loss in
Madagascar, however, offsets have been used by mining companies to compensate for environmental impacts there as part of voluntary commitments.
1311:
264:
The methods set out to achieve the no net loss policy, including habitat banks, have been criticised as a way of commodifying wildlife and prioritising profit over ecological benefits.
635:
261:. Under these regulations, all projects that need environmental licences must achieve "no net loss", guided by the application of the mitigation hierarchy as a further requirement.
258:
2066:
Jones, Julia
Patricia Gordon; Bull, Joseph William; Roe, Dilys; Baker, Julia; Griffiths, Victoria Frances; Starkey, Malcolm; Sonter, Laura Jane; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2019).
221:
161:. In jurisdictions that do not legally require NNL, it might be used by companies as a voluntary goal for their developments instead. Some lending institutions, such as the
1653:
86:
previous state. NPI also differs from NNL in that it is generally applied in the context of a development project, whereas NNL is applied on various geographic scales.
2027:
1944:
1871:
1977:
232:
schemes, either as a regulatory requirement or a voluntary commitment. For example, the BioBanking program in New South Wales established in 2008 or the
111:, filling, or building infrastructure. Its use has been expanded beyond just wetlands and now is a goal for conserving other habitats, such as forests.
1383:
829:
Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
1368:
17:
905:
Maron, Martine; Brownlie, Susie; Bull, Joseph W.; Evans, Megan C.; von Hase, Amrei; Quétier, Fabien; Watson, James E. M.; Gordon, Ascelin (2018).
788:
Rainey, Hugo J.; Pollard, Edward H. B.; Dutson, Guy; Ekstrom, Jonathan M. M.; Livingstone, Suzanne R.; Temple, Helen J.; Pilgrim, John D. (2015).
307:
in
Madagascar was on track to achieve its goal of no net loss of forests by using biodiversity offsets according to research by scientists at the
201:
775:
J.B. Ruhl and James Salzman, No Net Loss? The Past, Present, and Future of Wetlands Mitigation Banking, 73 Case W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 411 (2022)
292:, which includes a target of "no net loss of green urban space and tree cover by 2030". The law has been criticised by some as unrealistic.
1230:
193:, who first pledged the policy on the Presidential campaign trail in 1988. It has since been developed under subsequent administrations.
1678:
1157:
1180:
Dahl, T. E. (1990). Wetlands losses in the United States, 1780s to 1980s. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
557:
99:
449:
609:
1417:"Backloading to extinction: Coping with values conflict in the administration of Australia's federal biodiversity offset policy"
233:
58:, such as in Colombia, France, and Uganda. Its application and feasibility for conserving biodiversity is a subject of debate.
1344:
1274:
205:
1846:
789:
185:
The idea of "no net loss" emerged in the United States as a goal for applying environmental mitigation measures (such as
853:
zu Ermgassen, Sophus Olav Sven Emil; Utamiputri, Pratiwi; Bennun, Leon; Edwards, Stephen; Bull, Joseph William (2019).
723:
582:
162:
78:
196:
No net loss of "wetland acreage and function" is used as the goal for compensatory mitigation measures, including
1775:
158:
66:
42:
approach that aims to counterbalance the negative impacts of development projects on the environment by using
2118:
128:
1080:
855:"The Role of "No Net Loss" Policies in Conserving Biodiversity Threatened by the Global Infrastructure Boom"
1466:"BioBanking: an environmental scientist's view of the role of biodiversity banking offsets in conservation"
583:"Performance Standard 6 - Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources"
341:
273:
France's Environmental Impact Assessment laws, referred to as the ERC sequence (Avoid-Reduce-Compensate,
174:
47:
1627:
2068:"Net Gain: Seeking Better Outcomes for Local People when Mitigating Biodiversity Loss from Development"
1897:
1800:
1704:
1291:"Australia at risk of accepting biodiversity decline in offset rules, expert says « Carbon Pulse"
992:
Bull, Joseph W.; Suttle, K. Blake; Gordon, Ascelin; Singh, Navinder J.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2013).
2028:"Insights from the Kalagala biodiversity offset associated with the Bujagali power project in Uganda"
1384:"A third of land set aside for restoration in worse state than before, Australian offset audit finds"
475:"Tackling limitations in biodiversity offsetting? A comparison of the Peruvian and French approaches"
1343:
Australia Government, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (2024-08-09).
1312:"NSW government says state's biodiversity 'in crisis' as it pledges first steps to reverse decline"
351:
43:
2002:
1801:"No net loss of biodiversity or paper offsets? A critical review of the French no net loss policy"
667:
520:
94:
No net loss originated in 1980s in the United States, where it was developed as a policy goal for
1034:
356:
250:
229:
228:
Since the early 2000s, some Australian states have had their own no net loss policies as part of
55:
747:
692:
289:
148:
loss is being achieved but there is no agreement on the metric that should be used to do this.
1705:"Do biodiversity offsets achieve No Net Loss? An evaluation of offsets in a French department"
1416:
776:
217:
2056:
NEMA (2022), National Guidelines for Biodiversity and Social Offsets, ISBN 978-9970-881-28-4
2079:
1978:"Deforestation-neutral mining? Madagascar study shows it can be done, but it's complicated"
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918:
866:
486:
415:
254:
95:
39:
1562:"Policy Development for Environmental Licensing and Biodiversity Offsets in Latin America"
131:
and no net loss policies have therefore been suggested as a way to reconcile these goals.
8:
636:"England brings in biodiversity rules to force builders to compensate for loss of nature"
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1604:
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197:
186:
180:
450:"Colombia: Environmental Offsets, Legitimizing Extraction | World Rainforest Movement"
375:
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431:
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346:
308:
190:
120:
115:
103:
1112:"The global extent of biodiversity offset implementation under no net loss policies"
1111:
906:
790:"A review of corporate goals of No Net Loss and Net Positive Impact on biodiversity"
2087:
1917:
1872:"Backlash against Nature Restoration Law shows deep divides in European Parliament"
1820:
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325:
285:
124:
1489:
1135:
1010:
993:
930:
805:
404:"The politics of biodiversity offsetting across time and institutional scales"
2112:
2099:
1956:
1929:
1832:
1736:
1595:
1546:
1513:"Evaluation of averted loss gains under Victorian biodiversity offset policy"
1497:
1450:
1395:
1323:
1231:"Background about Compensatory Mitigation Requirements under CWA Section 404"
1207:
1143:
1081:"Everything you need to know about biodiversity net gain | Ecology by Design"
1066:
1019:
978:
955:"Taming a Wicked Problem: Resolving Controversies in Biodiversity Offsetting"
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888:
813:
647:
506:
474:
435:
304:
246:
1465:
1432:
970:
1703:
Bezombes, Lucie; Kerbiriou, Christian; Spiegelberger, Thomas (2019-03-01).
1613:
836:
473:
Salès, Katherine; Marty, Pascal; Frascaria-Lacoste, Nathalie (2023-11-01).
51:
1945:"Is a Madagascan mine the first to offset its destruction of rainforest?"
1215:
1191:
954:
1560:
Villarroya, Ana; Barros, Ana Cristina; Kiesecker, Joseph (2014-09-05).
1537:
1512:
321:
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to explicitly require no net loss, in addition to Peru. NNL is part of
54:
in other regions. It is now used in many countries as an objective for
402:
Damiens, Florence L. P.; Porter, Libby; Gordon, Ascelin (2020-11-09).
1679:"Créditos de biodiversidad: ¿solución o promesa para América Latina?"
828:
1254:
140:
substituting losses for uncertain gains in biodiversity or habitat.
1290:
1266:
1058:
852:
108:
98:
by the National Wetlands Policy Forum. During his campaign for the
62:
1776:"Nos engagements en faveur du développement durable | SNCF Réseau"
1799:
Quétier, Fabien; Regnery, Baptiste; Levrel, Harold (2014-04-01).
580:
1896:
Bidaud, Cecile; Hrabanski, Marie; Meral, Philippe (2015-10-01).
123:(on land and sea) and developing infrastructure are part of the
1702:
222:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1996
1255:"Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act"
777:
https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol73/iss2/8
472:
1756:
France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs
907:"The many meanings of no net loss in environmental policy"
787:
1559:
724:"How George H.W. Bush (eventually) rescued U.S. wetlands"
281:). The policy is yet to achieve no net loss in practice.
1898:"Voluntary biodiversity offset strategies in Madagascar"
1651:
668:"Net positive impact (NPI) definition| Biodiversity A-Z"
165:, also require no net loss on projects they co-finance.
2007:
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
2000:
1158:"Performance standards - The Biodiversity Consultancy"
904:
991:
558:"Mitigation hierarchy - The Biodiversity Consultancy"
1895:
1798:
1342:
200:. It has been included as part of guidance from the
1750:étrangères, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires.
1192:"No Net Loss of Wetlands: A Comprehensive Approach"
951:
401:
259:
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development
2065:
1510:
748:"Compensatory mitigation Definition: 259 Samples"
2110:
581:International Finance Corporation (2012-01-01).
2025:
1752:"Biodiversity: France's positions and actions"
1033:Ives, Christopher D; Bekessy, Sarah A (2015).
610:"'No Net Loss' and 'Net Gain' of biodiversity"
1511:O'Brien, Anna; Gordon, Ascelin (2024-01-05).
1110:Bull, Joseph William; Strange, Niels (2018).
994:"Biodiversity offsets in theory and practice"
848:
846:
234:Native Vegetation Management Framework (NVMF)
1367:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
397:
395:
48:no net loss of wetlands in the United States
1421:Australian Journal of Public Administration
1109:
1032:
245:Colombia was one of the first countries in
46:measures. For example, the policy aims for
1942:
843:
721:
376:"No-net loss definition| Biodiversity A-Z"
324:as a lending requirement to fund a dam at
1975:
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1039:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
100:1988 United States presidential election
50:(where it originated) or no net loss of
1652:Partnerships for Forests (2024-04-08).
690:
342:No net loss policy in the United States
14:
2111:
1749:
1654:"Unlocking nature's value in Colombia"
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2003:"THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ACT, 2019"
552:
550:
1381:
1309:
1196:Natural Resources & Environment
24:
2047:
1976:Vyawahare, Malavika (2022-05-11).
1943:Greenfield, Patrick (2022-03-09).
1805:Environmental Science & Policy
1162:www.thebiodiversityconsultancy.com
1098:
895:
764:
712:
562:www.thebiodiversityconsultancy.com
25:
2130:
1517:Conservation Science and Practice
1035:"The ethics of offsetting nature"
590:International Finance Corporation
547:
163:International Finance Corporation
79:International Finance Corporation
722:Wittenberg, Ariel (2018-12-03).
288:, France is also subject to the
168:
159:environmental impact assessments
114:Growing awareness of the global
77:"No net loss" is defined by the
67:Environmental Impact Assessments
18:No net loss environmental policy
2059:
2019:
2001:The Republic of Uganda (2019).
1994:
1969:
1936:
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1847:"The EU #NatureRestoration Law"
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627:
1464:Burgin, Shelley (2008-04-01).
1345:"Offsets mitigation hierarchy"
602:
574:
537:
513:
466:
442:
368:
13:
1:
1470:Biodiversity and Conservation
691:Sibbing, Julie (2024-08-09).
634:Weston, Phoebe (2024-02-12).
479:Regional Environmental Change
362:
295:
151:
129:Sustainable Development Goals
89:
72:
27:Environmental policy approach
2092:10.1016/j.oneear.2019.09.007
1922:10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.02.011
1825:10.1016/j.envsci.2013.11.009
1729:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.004
1677:Godoy, Emilio (2023-08-24).
1587:10.1371/journal.pone.0107144
880:10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.019
700:National Wildlife Federation
257:regulations released by the
211:
7:
1982:Mongabay Environmental News
1190:Deland, Michael R. (1992).
335:
240:
175:No net loss wetlands policy
134:
10:
2135:
693:"Nowhere Near No-Net Loss"
499:10.1007/s10113-023-02143-x
428:10.1038/s41893-020-00636-9
178:
172:
1490:10.1007/s10531-008-9319-2
1229:US EPA, OW (2015-06-22).
1136:10.1038/s41893-018-0176-z
1011:10.1017/S003060531200172X
931:10.1038/s41893-017-0007-7
806:10.1017/S0030605313001476
314:
284:As a member state of the
267:
1851:environment.ec.europa.eu
1658:Partnerships for Forests
1415:Evans, Megan C. (2023).
1382:Cox, Lisa (2024-07-02).
1310:Cox, Lisa (2024-07-16).
1259:University of Gothenburg
728:E&E News by POLITICO
352:Environmental mitigation
279:eviter-réduire-compenser
44:environmental mitigation
2026:The World Bank (2020).
1709:Biological Conservation
1683:IPS Agencia de Noticias
1433:10.1111/1467-8500.12581
672:www.biodiversitya-z.org
380:www.biodiversitya-z.org
357:Biodiversity offsetting
251:biodiversity offsetting
116:decline in biodiversity
56:biodiversity offsetting
837:10.5281/zenodo.3831673
290:Nature Restoration Law
82:national, regional)."
61:NNL is implemented in
1442:1959.4/unsworks_83049
1116:Nature Sustainability
971:10.1093/biosci/biw038
911:Nature Sustainability
408:Nature Sustainability
2119:Environmental policy
827:IPBES (2019-05-04).
309:University of Bangor
96:wetland conservation
40:environmental policy
2084:2019OEart...1..195J
1914:2015EcoSv..15..181B
1817:2014ESPol..38..120Q
1780:www.sncf-reseau.com
1721:2019BCons.231...24B
1578:2014PLoSO...9j7144V
1529:2024ConSP...6E3070O
1482:2008BiCon..17..807B
1128:2018NatSu...1..790B
1085:| Ecology by Design
1051:2015FrEE...13..568I
923:2018NatSu...1...19M
871:2019OEart...1..305Z
491:2023REnvC..23..145S
420:2020NatSu...4..170D
230:biodiversity offset
1902:Ecosystem Services
1538:10.1111/csp2.13070
198:mitigation banking
187:mitigation banking
181:Mitigation banking
1276:978-0-309-07432-2
347:Biodiversity loss
121:biodiversity loss
16:(Redirected from
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