316:
20:
1190:
232:. When they were walking along the seashore, they found two trees and shaped humans of them. Odin gave them spirit and life, Vili gave them wit and feeling, and Vé gave them form, speech, hearing, and sight. They gave them clothing and names: the man was called Askr, and the woman Embla. They were the ancestors of mankind who lived in Midgard. The brothers made for themselves in the middle of the world a city called
776:
906:"The world of the gods (Asgarth), of the Wanes (Vanaheim ...), of the elves (Alfheim), of men (Mithgarth), of the giants (Jotunheim), of fire (Muspellsheim ...), of the dark elves (Svartalfheim), of the dead (Niflheim), and presumably of the dwarfs (perhaps Nithavellir ... but the ninth is uncertain)" (Bellows 2004 :3).
107:
Concepts of time and space play a major role in the Old Norse corpus's presentation of Norse cosmology. While events in Norse mythology describe a somewhat linear progression, various scholars in ancient
Germanic studies note that Old Norse texts may imply or directly describe a fundamental belief in
220:
took sparks of light from
Muspell and placed them around the Earth, both above and below. Some remained fixed and others moved through the sky in predetermined courses. The trio provided land for the jötnar to leave by the sea. Using Ymir's eyelashes, the trio built a fortification around the center
659:
Ragnarök is a series of future events, including a great battle, foretold to ultimately result in the death of a number of major figures (including various deities), the occurrence of various natural disasters, and the subsequent submersion of the world in water. Afterward, the world will resurface
146:, and from it flow numerous rivers. Together these rivers, known as Élivágar, flowed further and further from their source. Eventually the poisonous substance within the flow came to harden and turn to ice. When the flow became entirely solid, a poisonous vapor rose from the ice and solidified into
200:
Odin, Vili, and Vé took Ymir's corpse to the center of
Ginunngagap and carved it. They made the earth from Ymir's flesh; the rocks from his bones; from his blood the sea, lakes, and oceans; and scree and stone from his molars, teeth, and remaining bone fragments. They surrounded the earth's lands
157:
The northern region of
Ginnungagap continued to fill with weight from the growing substance and its accompanying blowing vapor, yet the southern portion of Ginunngagap remained clear due to its proximity to the sparks and flames of Muspell. Between Niflheim and Muspell, ice and fire, was a placid
563:
The Old Norse corpus does not clearly list the Nine Worlds, if it provides them at all. However, some scholars have proposed identifications for the nine. For example, Henry Adams
Bellows (1923) says that the Nine Worlds consist of
630:
Ask and Embla—male and female respectively—were the first two humans, created by the gods from driftwood they encounter on a shore. The gods who form these first humans vary by source: According to the
2306:
559:
Hel he threw into
Niflheim and gave her authority over nine worlds, such that she has to administer board and lodging to those sent to her, and that is those who die of sickness or old age.
3246:
834:
On Rán, see Lindow (2001:258–259) and Simek (2007:260); on Ægir, see Lindow (2001:47–49) and Simek (2007:1–2); and on their nine wave daughters, see Lindow (2001:49) and Simek (2007:2).
825:
On Nótt, see Lindow (2001:246) and Simek (2007:238); on Dagr, see Lindow (2001:91–92) and Simek (2007:55); and on
Dellingr, see for example Thorpe (1851:143) and Lindow (2001:92–93).
2296:
816:
On Sól, see Lindow (2001:278–280) and Simek (2007:297); on Máni, see Lindow (2001:222–223) and Simek (2007:201–202); and on Jörð, see Lindow (2001:205–206) and Simek (2007:179).
3291:
2301:
673:
166:. Ymir sweated while sleeping. From his left arm grew a male and female jötunn, "and one of his legs begot a son with another", and these limbs too produced children.
332:
Yggdrasil is a tree central to the Norse concept of the cosmos. The tree's branches extend into various realms, and various creatures dwell on and around it. The
340:. The branches of Yggdrasil extend far into the heavens, and the tree is supported by three roots that extend far away into other locations; one to the well
2276:
158:
location, "as mild as a windless sky". When the rime and the blowing heat met, the liquid melted and dropped, and this mixture formed the primordial being
2271:
1448:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2266:
2261:
2256:
134:
contains an account of the development and creation of the cosmos: long before the Earth came to be, there existed the bright and flaming place called
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361:
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1105:
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201:
with sea, forming a circle. From Ymir's skull they made the sky, which they placed above the earth in four points, each held by a
173:. Auðumbla fed from salt she licked from rime stones. Over the course of three days, she licked free a beautiful and strong man,
933:
On the topic of Ragnarök and Líf and Lífþrasir, see discussion in Lindow 2001: 209, 254 & 258, and Simek 2007: 189, 259–260.
696:
Lindow (2001:42–43). For an overview of discussion regarding time and space in Norse myth, see for example Lindow (2001:40–45).
193:. The sons killed Ymir, and Ymir's blood poured across the land, producing great floods that killed all of the jötnar but two (
2709:
2146:
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2128:
1067:
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1004:
946:
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405:
202:
70:. Like other aspects of Norse mythology, these concepts are primarily recorded from earlier oral sources in the
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1098:
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102:
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feature illustrations of what the author or artist suspects the Nine Worlds to be in part based on the
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1938:
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anew and fertile, the surviving and returning gods will meet, and mankind will be repopulated by
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in the 13th century. Together these sources depict an image of Nine Worlds around a cosmic tree,
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245:
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atop the solid river. These thick ice layers grew, in time spreading across the void of
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2023:
1435:
221:
of the landmass to contain the hostility of the jötnar. They called this fortification
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1923:
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225:(Old Norse 'central enclosure'). Finally, from Ymir's brains, they formed the clouds.
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116:, "the cosmos might be formed and reformed on multiple occasions by the rising sea."
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1532:
589:
36:
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2181:
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1973:
1462:
1404:
1189:
745:
337:
86:
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2598:
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1863:
1620:
1151:
585:
353:
2626:
2374:
1439:
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382:, translated by scholars as "Nine Worlds". According to the second stanza of the
59:
51:
24:
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3342:
3196:
2971:
2749:
2724:
2633:
2216:
2103:
2053:
2043:
1968:
924:
See discussion in, for example, Lindow 2001: 62–63 and Simek 2007: 21 & 74.
597:
169:
Ymir fed from rivers of milk that flowed from the teats of the primordial cow,
3079:
3074:
2563:
1602:
852:
See, for example, Larrington (2014:4), Dodds (2014:26), and
Bellows (2004 :3).
843:
For overviews of
Yggrasil, see Lindow (2001:319–322) and Simek (2007:375–376).
349:
341:
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190:
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967:
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138:—a location so hot that foreigners may not enter it—and the foggy land of
32:
16:
Account of the universe and its laws by the ancient North
Germanic peoples
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915:
For example, see "map of nine worlds" by Gabe Foreman in Dodds 2014:13.
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392:, the Nine Worlds surround the tree Yggdrasil. As recalled by a dead
327:
319:
A 19th century attempt at illustrating Yggdrasil as described in the
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194:
90:
55:
3247:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
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2113:
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295:. Bodies of water also receive personification, such as the goddess
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163:
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147:
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1983:
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1527:
1178:
1083:
1035:
Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
393:
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2911:
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1507:
779:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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engages in a deadly battle of wits with the disguised god Odin:
333:
300:
276:
261:
197:
and his unnamed wife, who sailed across the flooded landscape).
174:
28:
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2816:
2526:
2436:
2426:
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occur in Norse mythology. The Sun is personified as a goddess,
233:
182:
2362:
2206:
2008:
1755:
1750:
1690:
1582:
1273:
296:
76:, a collection of poems compiled in the 13th century, and the
3448:
3438:
3398:
3388:
3383:
2831:
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2603:
2511:
2506:
2441:
2389:
2342:
2226:
2211:
2108:
2058:
2048:
2028:
1998:
1993:
1958:
1908:
1858:
1805:
1788:
1778:
1765:
1710:
1695:
1635:
1630:
1552:
1497:
1492:
954:
269:
260:(Old Norse 'Sun'); the moon is personified as a male entity,
3306:
2013:
909:
3373:
3352:
3186:
3159:
2616:
2611:
2347:
2196:
2118:
2033:
1675:
1665:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1542:
1347:
1342:
1247:
1207:
544:
292:
284:
249:
213:
186:
178:
159:
46:
is the account of the universe and its laws by the ancient
674:
Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology
543:
portion of the book. The section describes how Odin threw
457:
The Nine Worlds receive a second and final mention in the
209:—Old Norse 'north, south, east, and west', respectively).
2394:
1705:
1625:
1077:
Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: The Edda of Sæmund the Learned
280:
352:. Creatures live within Yggdrasil, including the dragon
291:(Old Norse 'shining'), may in some manner personify the
2297:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
264:(Old Norse 'moon'); and the Earth too is personified (
228:
From Ymir's eyebrows they crafted a stronghold named
1434:
900:
828:
641:, they are Hœnir, Lóðurr and Odin, whereas in the
212:After forming the dome of the Earth, the brothers
3501:
690:
533:The Nine Worlds receive a single mention in the
873:
855:
555:, and granted her power over all Nine Worlds:
490:"Of the runes of the gods and the giants' race
287:(Old Norse 'day'); and Dagr's father, the god
1420:
1099:
864:
819:
810:
516:"I can tell you the true secrets of the Jotun
918:
729:
722:
720:
708:
446:that renowned tree of fate below the earth.
124:Drawing in part on various eddic poems, the
3149:
1449:Mythological Norse people, items and places
927:
846:
442:in days long gone. If I look back, I recall
336:go to Yggdrasil daily to assemble at their
1427:
1413:
1106:
1092:
891:
882:
496:To nine worlds came I, to Niflhel beneath,
2247:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
837:
744:
717:
699:
520:into all of the nine worlds below Niflhel
378:Old Norse texts mention the existence of
419:Nine worlds I knew, the nine in the tree
338:things, traditional governing assemblies
314:
18:
951:The Poetic Edda: The Mythological Poems
604:. Some editions of translations of the
518:and all the gods because I've journeyed
185:, and the two had three sons: the gods
54:, such as notations of time and space,
3502:
684:
417:Who gave me bread in the days gone by;
303:, and their wave-maiden children, the
50:. The topic encompasses concepts from
1408:
1087:
760:The American-Scandinavian Foundation
421:With mighty roots beneath the mold.
362:Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór
2307:named weapons, armour and treasures
1113:
1079:. Part I. London: Trübner & Co.
244:Personifications, such as those of
239:
13:
3484:Heathenry (new religious movement)
664:, who will emerge from Yggdrasil.
415:I remember yet the giants of yore,
344:in the heavens, one to the spring
272:appears personified as the female
14:
3531:
522:Where the dead dwell below Hel."
96:
2147:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1374:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1188:
1056:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
774:
498:The home where dead men dwell."
494:(For to every world have I won;)
440:I recall being reared by Jotuns,
207:Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri
619:
444:nine worlds, nine wood-witches,
2584:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1284:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
786:
738:
648:
537:, occurring section 34 of the
367:
305:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1:
939:
645:they are Odin, Vili, and Vé.
492:The truth indeed can I tell,
374:Numbers in Germanic paganism
310:
142:. In Niflheim was a spring,
119:
103:Rebirth in Germanic paganism
7:
2654:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1054:. 2007. Angela Hall trans.
667:
31:, and the personified Sun,
10:
3536:
3321:Festivals and holy periods
652:
623:
478:Bellows translation, 1923:
371:
348:, and another to the well
325:
100:
3471:
3361:
3320:
3239:
3232:
3142:
3104:
2809:
2758:
2717:
2708:
2589:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
2315:
2302:named animals and plants
2237:
2127:
1829:
1764:
1611:
1478:
1455:
1446:
1366:
1316:
1294:
1258:
1197:
1186:
1121:
794:"The Norse Creation Myth"
756:Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist
461:in stanza 43 of the poem
2410:Black elves (Svartálfar)
507:Dodds translation, 2014:
465:, where the wise jötunn
236:, where the gods lived.
3292:Sacred trees and groves
2532:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
2405:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1039:Oxford University Press
1018:Oxford World's Classics
735:Faulkes (1995 : 11–12).
181:married a jötunn named
112:. According to scholar
3150:
2400:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
2049:Narfi (father of Nott)
1306:Connected by the tree
714:Faulkes (1995 : 10–11.
561:
525:
501:
449:
424:
323:
268:, Old Norse 'earth').
162:, the ancestor of all
48:North Germanic peoples
40:
3515:Religious cosmologies
2542:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
1821:Sister-wife of Njörðr
557:
511:
482:
437:
412:
318:
299:, her jötunn husband
279:(Old Norse 'night');
22:
3312:Wetlands and islands
2432:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
1167:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
1010:Larrington, Carolyne
947:Bellows, Henry Adams
726:Faulkes (1995 : 11).
705:Faulkes (1995 : 10).
246:astronomical objects
2594:Narfi (son of Loki)
1741:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1122:Astronomical bodies
897:Faulkes (1995 :27).
685:Notes and citations
406:Henry Adams Bellows
23:A depiction of the
3240:Religious practice
3214:Old Norse language
2681:Váli (son of Loki)
2569:Líf and Lífthrasir
2477:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2472:Horses of the Æsir
2452:Hati Hróðvitnisson
1593:Váli (son of Odin)
1436:Old Norse religion
1137:Árvakr and Alsviðr
879:Bellows (2004:80).
861:Bellows (2004 :3).
486:Vafthruthnir spake
433:translation, 2014:
408:translation, 1923:
324:
283:is personified as
41:
3497:
3496:
3489:Nordic Bronze Age
3479:Germanic paganism
3467:
3466:
3338:Germanic calendar
3302:Temple at Uppsala
3100:
3099:
2704:
2703:
2664:Þjálfi and Röskva
2608:Personifications
1471:and other figures
1402:
1401:
1026:978-0-19-967534-0
984:978-1-55245-296-7
976:Coach House Books
963:978-0-486-43710-1
746:Sturluson, Snorri
662:Líf and Lífþrasir
531:
530:
514:Vafthrudnir said:
508:
479:
455:
454:
434:
409:
3527:
3237:
3236:
3155:
2922:Grove of fetters
2715:
2714:
2422:Fjalar (rooster)
2182:Fjalar and Galar
1476:
1475:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1192:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1073:Thorpe, Benjamin
991:. 1995 . Trans.
989:Faulkes, Anthony
949:. 2004 . Trans.
934:
931:
925:
922:
916:
913:
907:
904:
898:
895:
889:
888:Dodds (2014:64).
886:
880:
877:
871:
870:Dodds (2014:26).
868:
862:
859:
853:
850:
844:
841:
835:
832:
826:
823:
817:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
790:
784:
778:
777:
773:
754:. Translated by
742:
736:
733:
727:
724:
715:
712:
706:
703:
697:
694:
506:
477:
472:
471:
429:
404:
399:
398:
360:, and the stags
240:Personifications
87:Snorri Sturluson
60:personifications
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3510:Norse mythology
3500:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3463:
3419:Norse cosmology
3357:
3316:
3228:
3224:Later influence
3138:
3096:
2810:Other locations
2805:
2754:
2700:
2627:Sumarr and Vetr
2311:
2233:
2123:
1924:Gjálp and Greip
1825:
1760:
1607:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1403:
1398:
1362:
1321:and eschatology
1320:
1318:
1312:
1290:
1254:
1238:Sumarr and Vetr
1193:
1184:
1117:
1115:Norse cosmology
1112:
1082:
1075:. 1866. Trans.
1014:The Poetic Edda
1012:. 2014. Trans.
972:The Poetic Edda
970:. 2014. Trans.
942:
937:
932:
928:
923:
919:
914:
910:
905:
901:
896:
892:
887:
883:
878:
874:
869:
865:
860:
856:
851:
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833:
829:
824:
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811:
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792:
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743:
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734:
730:
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718:
713:
709:
704:
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695:
691:
687:
670:
657:
651:
628:
622:
600:), and perhaps
524:
521:
519:
517:
515:
500:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
448:
445:
443:
441:
423:
420:
418:
416:
376:
370:
330:
313:
242:
130:section of the
122:
105:
99:
52:Norse mythology
44:Norse cosmology
17:
12:
11:
5:
3533:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Æsir–Vanir War
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:Hoddmímis holt
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:Körmt and Örmt
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2217:Sons of Ivaldi
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:Móði and Magni
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1049:
1028:
1007:
986:
965:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
798:sites.pitt.edu
785:
768:
762:. p. 21.
751:The Prose Edda
737:
728:
716:
707:
698:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
676:
669:
666:
653:Main article:
650:
647:
624:Main article:
621:
618:
616:stanza above.
590:Svartálfaheimr
529:
528:
526:
512:
510:
509:
502:
483:
481:
480:
453:
452:
450:
438:
436:
435:
425:
413:
411:
410:
369:
366:
326:Main article:
312:
309:
241:
238:
121:
118:
98:
97:Time and space
95:
82:, authored by
37:Lorenz Frølich
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3532:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Öndvegissúlur
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:Heitstrenging
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Völsung Cycle
3207:
3205:
3204:Tyrfing Cycle
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:Gesta Danorum
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:Fróði's Peace
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Shield-maiden
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Ask and Embla
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:Ingunar-Freyr
1782:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1317:Cosmogenesis,
1315:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:Hjúki and Bil
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:0-85991-513-1
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Simek, Rudolf
1050:
1048:
1047:0-19-515382-0
1044:
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3129:Hjaðningavíg
2907:Glæsisvellir
2447:Gullinbursti
2094:Útgarða-Loki
1488:Almáttki áss
1319:cyclic time,
1259:Water bodies
1114:
1076:
1055:
1034:
1031:Lindow, John
1013:
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797:
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620:Anthropogeny
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547:'s daughter
540:Gylfaginning
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64:anthropogeny
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3287:Reginnaglar
3219:Orthography
3192:Jómsvíkinga
3167:Poetic Edda
3080:Urðarbrunnr
3075:Mímisbrunnr
3007:Singasteinn
2937:Hindarfjall
2917:Gnipahellir
2897:Ginnungagap
2872:Fyrisvellir
2867:Fornsigtuna
2801:Vimur River
2791:Slidr River
2564:Jörmungandr
1974:Hrímgrímnir
1603:Vili and Vé
1328:Ginnungagap
1302:Nine Worlds
1060:D.S. Brewer
649:Eschatology
633:Poetic Edda
606:Poetic Edda
596:(sometimes
459:Poetic Edda
384:Poetic Edda
368:Nine Worlds
350:Mímisbrunnr
342:Urðarbrunnr
321:Prose Eddaa
218:Vili and Vé
191:Vili and Vé
152:Ginnungagap
114:John Lindow
110:cyclic time
73:Poetic Edda
68:eschatology
25:personified
3520:9 (number)
3504:Categories
3454:Viking Age
3429:Philosophy
3297:Sonargöltr
3182:Runestones
3174:Prose Edda
3119:Fimbulvetr
3070:Hvergelmir
3037:Valaskjálf
2997:Sessrúmnir
2967:Jötunheimr
2942:Hlidskjalf
2932:Himinbjörg
2902:Glaðsheimr
2887:Gastropnir
2842:Bilskirnir
2822:Amsvartnir
2735:Gjallarbrú
2718:Underworld
2674:Landvættir
2574:Loddfáfnir
2552:Svaðilfari
2537:Hófvarpnir
2482:Blóðughófi
2462:Hildisvíni
2338:Aurvandill
2099:Vafþrúðnir
2084:Þrúðgelmir
1944:Harðgreipr
1389:Mundilfari
1333:Muspelheim
1016:. 2nd ed.
940:References
803:2023-04-24
679:Ten realms
643:Prose Edda
610:Prose Edda
602:Niðavellir
582:Jötunheimr
553:underworld
535:Prose Edda
467:Vafþrúðnir
380:Níu Heimar
372:See also:
346:Hvergelmir
144:Hvergelmir
132:Prose Edda
101:See also:
79:Prose Edda
3409:Mead hall
3343:Þorrablót
3197:Legendary
3092:Yggdrasil
3052:Víðbláinn
3047:Vanaheimr
3022:Þrymheimr
3017:Þrúðvangr
3012:Þrúðheimr
2982:Munarvágr
2972:Mímameiðr
2947:Hnitbjorg
2862:Fólkvangr
2847:Brávellir
2796:Vadgelmir
2781:Kerlaugar
2750:Niðafjöll
2710:Locations
2686:Valkyries
2634:Sæhrímnir
2522:Gulltoppr
2487:Falhófnir
2385:Einherjar
2368:Landdísir
2202:Mótsognir
2192:Hreiðmarr
2104:Víðblindi
2054:Sökkmímir
2044:Mögþrasir
2004:Hyrrokkin
1969:Hrímgerðr
1964:Hræsvelgr
1954:Helreginn
1949:Helblindi
1869:Bergelmir
1533:Ítreksjóð
1440:mythology
1384:Hræsvelgr
1308:Yggdrasil
1234:Seasons:
1174:Aurvandil
594:Niflheimr
570:Vanaheimr
551:into the
328:Yggdrasil
311:Yggdrasil
195:Bergelmir
120:Cosmogony
91:Yggdrasil
84:Icelander
56:cosmogony
3472:See also
3394:Hamingja
3348:Vetrnætr
3333:Dísablót
3328:Álfablót
3134:Ragnarök
3042:Valhalla
3032:Útgarðar
2977:Myrkviðr
2962:Járnviðr
2957:Iðavöllr
2877:Gálgviðr
2857:Fensalir
2766:Élivágar
2740:Náströnd
2730:Éljúðnir
2599:Níðhöggr
2547:Sleipnir
2517:Gullfaxi
2417:Fimafeng
2333:Auðumbla
2152:Billingr
2079:Þrívaldi
2064:Suttungr
2019:Járnsaxa
1989:Hrungnir
1919:Gillingr
1914:Geirröðr
1894:Fárbauti
1884:Býleistr
1849:Angrboða
1801:Gullveig
1513:Heimdall
1503:Dellingr
1394:Viðfinnr
1379:Dellingr
1358:Ragnarök
1353:Auðumbla
1338:Niflheim
1244:Old age
1228:Hrímfaxi
1213:Skinfaxi
1033:. 2001.
997:Everyman
748:(1916).
668:See also
655:Ragnarök
608:and the
578:Miðgarðr
574:Álfheimr
354:Níðhöggr
289:Dellingr
223:Miðgarðr
171:Auðumbla
140:Niflheim
3424:Numbers
3404:Kenning
3277:Worship
3233:Society
3143:Sources
3062:Vingólf
3057:Vígríðr
3027:Uppsala
2992:Okolnir
2912:Glitnir
2882:Gandvik
2837:Bifröst
2827:Andlang
2745:Niflhel
2691:Völundr
2639:Skírnir
2579:Móðguðr
2375:Dragons
2358:Byggvir
2187:Gandalf
2172:Dvalinn
2142:Andvari
1979:Hrímnir
1934:Gunnlöð
1904:Fornjót
1899:Fjölvar
1879:Bölþorn
1854:Aurboða
1844:Alvaldi
1796:Gersemi
1613:Ásynjur
1518:Hermóðr
1508:Forseti
1458:Deities
1219:Night:
1181:'s eyes
1158:Earth:
638:Völuspá
614:Völuspá
566:Ásgarðr
389:Völuspá
230:Midgard
136:Muspell
3267:Horses
3106:Events
3087:Ýdalir
3066:Wells
3002:Sindri
2987:Nóatún
2852:Brimir
2817:Asgard
2776:Ífingr
2759:Rivers
2669:Vættir
2527:Gyllir
2437:Fylgja
2427:Fenrir
2380:Draugs
2316:Others
2239:Heroes
2222:Brokkr
2177:Fáfnir
2167:Dúrnir
2162:Durinn
2137:Alvíss
2129:Dwarfs
2114:Vörnir
2024:Laufey
1889:Eggþér
1874:Bestla
1831:Jötnar
1816:Njörðr
1811:Kvasir
1774:Freyja
1726:Snotra
1686:Njörun
1641:Gefjon
1598:Víðarr
1538:Lóðurr
1467:jötnar
1463:dwarfs
1295:Worlds
1280:Waves
1143:Moon:
1066:
1045:
1024:
1003:
982:
961:
766:
274:jötunn
252:, and
234:Asgard
183:Bestla
164:jötnar
66:, and
39:, 1795
27:moon,
3459:Völva
3449:Skald
3444:Seiðr
3439:Runes
3434:Rings
3399:Heiti
3384:Galdr
3379:Félag
3369:Death
3362:Other
3272:Hörgr
3187:Sagas
2927:Heiðr
2892:Gimlé
2832:Barri
2771:Gjöll
2696:Vörðr
2659:Troll
2644:Sköll
2604:Norns
2512:Grani
2507:Glenr
2497:Glaðr
2467:Hjúki
2442:Garmr
2395:Elves
2390:Eldir
2363:Dísir
2343:Beyla
2277:Hi–Hy
2227:Eitri
2212:Regin
2157:Dáinn
2109:Vosud
2089:Þrymr
2069:Þjazi
2059:Surtr
2029:Leikn
1999:Hymir
1994:Hrymr
1984:Hroðr
1959:Hljod
1939:Gymir
1929:Gríðr
1909:Gangr
1859:Baugi
1806:Hnoss
1789:Yngvi
1779:Freyr
1766:Vanir
1746:Þrúðr
1721:Skaði
1716:Sjöfn
1711:Sigyn
1696:Rindr
1681:Nanna
1661:Iðunn
1646:Gerðr
1636:Fulla
1631:Frigg
1558:Mímir
1553:Meili
1528:Hœnir
1498:Bragi
1493:Baldr
1367:Other
1204:Day:
1179:Þjazi
1128:Sun:
955:Dover
635:poem
394:völva
386:poem
356:, an
270:Night
203:dwarf
3389:Goði
3374:Ergi
3353:Yule
3252:Blót
3160:Edda
2622:Nótt
2617:Elli
2612:Dagr
2559:Jörð
2502:Glær
2492:Gísl
2353:Búri
2348:Borr
2328:Auðr
2272:H–He
2197:Litr
2119:Ymir
2074:Þökk
2039:Logi
2034:Litr
1864:Beli
1839:Ægir
1701:Sága
1676:Lofn
1671:Irpa
1666:Ilmr
1656:Hlín
1588:Ullr
1578:Thor
1568:Odin
1548:Máni
1543:Loki
1523:Höðr
1480:Æsir
1438:and
1348:Borr
1343:Ymir
1269:Ægir
1265:Sea
1248:Elli
1223:Nótt
1208:Dagr
1198:Time
1162:Jörð
1147:Máni
1064:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1022:ISBN
1001:ISBN
993:Edda
980:ISBN
959:ISBN
764:ISBN
545:Loki
334:gods
301:Ægir
293:dawn
285:Dagr
277:Nótt
266:Jörð
262:Máni
250:time
214:Odin
187:Odin
179:Borr
175:Búri
160:Ymir
148:rime
29:Máni
3414:Nīþ
3257:Hof
2725:Hel
2457:Hel
2292:T–Y
2287:P–S
2282:I–O
2267:F–G
2262:D–E
2257:B–C
2207:Ótr
2009:Iði
1756:Vör
1751:Vár
1736:Syn
1731:Sól
1706:Sif
1691:Rán
1651:Gná
1626:Eir
1621:Bil
1583:Týr
1573:Óðr
1274:Rán
1132:Sól
598:Hel
549:Hel
297:Rán
281:day
258:Sól
35:by
33:Sól
3506::
3307:Vé
2014:Ím
1465:,
1460:,
1062:.
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999:.
995:.
978:.
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