235:. It was the responsibility of each local administration to devise telephone numbering plans that accommodated the local requirements and growth. As a result, the North American telephone service industry developed into an unorganized set of many differing local numbering systems. The diversity impeded the efficient operation and interconnection of exchanges into a nationwide system for long-distance telephone communication. By the 1940s, the Bell System set out to unify the various existing numbering plans to provide a unified, systematic method for routing telephone calls across the nation and to provide efficient long-distance service that eventually did not require the involvement of switchboard operators.
219:
895:
their leading two characters as guides for customer dialing could no longer be maintained when opening new central offices. By 1962 it was forecast that in 1985 the number of telephones in the nation would equal its population of 280 million and increase to 600 million telephones for 340 million people in 2000. As a result, a few North
American telephone administrations, notably New York Telephone Co., first introduced letter combinations that could not be associated with a familiar pronounceable central office name. Finally, they sought the elimination of central office names and letter codes, and introduced
1638:
centers in the same area even if they had relatively few clients in the area. (A rate center is a geographical area used by a Local
Exchange Carrier (LEC) to determine the boundaries for local calling, billing and assigning phone numbers. Typically a call within a rate center is local, while a call from one rate center to another is a long-distance call.) Together with aggressive reclamation of unused number blocks from telecom providers, number pooling has reduced the need for additional area codes, so that many previously designated area splits and overlays have been postponed indefinitely.
3091:
2946:
6035:
3029:
2834:
2564:
2685:
2592:
2891:
3001:
2446:
2626:
3056:
2390:
2974:
2918:
2481:
2859:
5770:
2807:
2509:
2653:
2418:
1604:
telephone numbers. More than forty exchanges had territory that straddled the new boundary. As a result, prefixes were duplicated in both area codes, which counteracted much of the benefit of the division, with only 200 of 700 prefixes in area 612 transferring entirely to area 651. In less than two years, area code 612 again exhausted its supply of telephone numbers, and necessitated a three-way division in 2000, creating the new area codes
2776:
2720:
2537:
1410:
5780:
46:
5759:
2748:
507:βbecame local exchange points in the nationwide system. Each of them was also assigned a three-digit number unique within its NPA. The combination of NPA code and central office code served as a destination routing code for use by operators to reach any central office through the switching network. Due to the numerical structure of the numbering system, each NPA was technically limited to 540 central offices.
5790:
3151:
1491:. Splits were implemented by dividing an area into two or more regions, one of which retained the existing area code and the other areas receiving a new code. In an overlay, multiple codes are assigned to the same geographical area, obviating the need for renumbering of existing services. Subtle variations of these techniques have been used as well, such as
1542:
calls, while the split plan may permit seven-digit dialing within the same area. The transition to ten-digit dialing typically starts with a permissive dialing phase, which is widely publicized, during which dialing all ten digits is optional. After a period of several months, mandatory dialing begins, when seven-digit dialing is no longer permissible.
1478:
even when many fewer numbers were required for each new vendor. Due to the proliferation of service providers in some numbering plan areas, many area codes were threatened with exhaustion of numbering resources. The number blocks of failed service providers often remained unused, as no regulatory mechanism existed to reclaim and reassign these numbers.
1363:). In the past, this has discouraged mobile users from publishing mobile telephone numbers, but by the first decade of the 21st century, most users selected bundle pricing plans that included an allotment of minutes expected to be used in the billing period, and most U.S. carriers since offer unlimited calling plans at mass-market prices.
271:(DDD) was introduced subsequently across the country. By the early 1960s, DDD had become commonplace in cities and most towns in the United States and Canada. By 1967, the number of assigned area codes had increased to 129 as demand for numbers led to splits of some areas and other countries joined the system.
452:. While the dialing of telephone calls by subscribers was common-place in many cities across the continent for local destinations, long-distance telephone calls had to be patched through manually by telephone operators at typically multiple intermediate toll offices using a system known since 1929 as the
1815:
in each plan area, depending on requirements. When multiple NPA codes serve an area in an overlay arrangement, ten-digit (10D) dialing is required. Seven-digit (7D) dialing may be permissible in areas with single area codes. Depending on the requirement of toll alerting, it may be necessary to prefix
1782:
In case of exhaustion, various plans are discussed for expanding the numbering plan. One option is to add the digit 1 or 0 either at the beginning or at the end of the area code, or prefixing it to the seven-digit subscriber number. This would require eleven-digit dialing even for local calls between
1477:
for services, usually by forcing the existing sole service provider to lease infrastructure to other local providers. Because of the original design of the numbering plan and the telephone switching network that assumed only a single provider, number allocations had to be made in 10,000-number blocks
686:
as part of telephone numbers had been a well-established practice, and this was preserved for convenience and expediency in the new network design. The letter-to-digit translations were printed on the face of every rotary dial in the metropolitan areas, according to a scheme designed by W.G. Blauvelt
302:
as early as 1958 by the administrators at AT&T, individual participating countries or territories had no autonomy over their numbering plan as they received centrally assigned central office prefixes that needed to be unique from those of other countries with the same area code. Regions in Mexico
1637:
The program has been implemented in much of the United States by state regulators. Some cities have also implemented rate center consolidation; fewer rate centers resulted in more efficient use of telephone numbers, as carriers would reserve blocks of 1,000 or 10,000 numbers in each of multiple rate
1358:
pricing model adopted in other countries, in which calls to cellular phones are charged at a higher nationwide rate, but incoming mobile calls are not charged to the mobile user, could not be implemented. Instead, North
American cellular telephone subscribers are also generally charged for receiving
546:
Traditionally, central office switching systems were designed to serve as many as ten thousand subscriber numbers. Thus, subscribers were assigned four-digit line or station numbers. This rounded the total number of digits in a subscriber telephone number to ten: a three-digit area code, three-digit
2329:
as a regular domestic, low-cost, or toll-free call. The split of 809 (which formerly served all of the
Caribbean NANP points) into multiple new area codes created many new, unfamiliar prefixes which could be mistaken for U.S. or Canada domestic area codes but carried high tariffs. In various island
510:
Although the limitation to 540 central offices required the most populous states to be divided into multiple NPAs, it was not the sole reason to subdivide a state. An important aspect was the existing infrastructure for call routing, which had developed during preceding decades, often independently
2311:
Telephone calls between countries and territories of the NANP are not typically charged at domestic rates. For example, most long-distance plans may charge a
California subscriber a higher rate for a call to British Columbia than for a call to New York, even though both destinations are within the
894:
The original plan of 1947 had been projected to be usable beyond the year 2000. However, by the late 1950s it became apparent that it would be outgrown by about 1975. The limitations for the usable leading digits of central office codes, imposed by using common names for central office names, and
467:
that unified all local numbering plans into a consistent universal system. Local numbering plans, many of which required only four or five digits to be dialed, or even fewer in small communities, needed to be expanded. but the goal was to enable local telephone companies to make as few changes as
435:
assumed the NANPA function with a one-year bridge contract granted by the FCC with the goal of consolidating the NANPA function with the
Pooling Administrator and identifying a long-term contractor. On December 1, 2020, Somos secured the $ 76 million contract for a term of eight years against one
258:
by long-distance operators in establishing calls via trunks between toll offices. The goal of automatic service required additional technical advances in the latest generation of toll-switching systems, completed by the early 1950s, and installation of new toll-switching systems in most numbering
1370:
in the United States, compared to that of Europe, to the subscriber-pays model. In this model the convenience of the mobility is charged to the subscriber. Callers from outside the local-calling region of the assigned number, however, pay for a long-distance call, although domestic long-distance
1314:
Area code and central office prefixes for other non-geographic services have the form 5XX-NXX. As of
January 2021, the codes 500, 521, 522, 533, 544, 566, 577, 588, 523, 524, 525, and 526 have been designated. These codes are used for fixed or mobile devices, and not assigned to rate centers. As
3131:
Membership in the NANP still allows visitors between these countries to use familiar dialing procedures without international access codes. Although NANP allows businesses within the member country to use the toll-free number system, most toll-free numbers to the United States and Canada remain
1541:
By 1995, many cities in the United States and Canada had more than one area code, either from dividing a city into different areas (NPA split) or having more than one code for the same area (NPA overlay). The overlay method requires that the area code must be dialed in all cases, even for local
1395:
was specifically assigned for this purpose within the boroughs; however, a
Federal court ended the practice and the use of an area code for a specific telephony purpose. Since mobile telephony has been expanding faster than landline use, new area codes typically have a disproportionately large
1603:
mandated that the new boundary exactly follow municipal boundaries, which were distinctly different from telephone exchange boundaries, and that all subscribers keep their seven-digit numbers. These two goals were directly at odds with the reason for the division, namely to provide additional
1579:
Dividing numbering plan areas instead of overlaying generally avoids the requirement for mandatory area code dialing within the new regions, but at the expense of having to convert a region to the new code, which necessitates updating records and directories to accommodate the new numbers. A
230:
in 1876 and throughout the first part of the 20th century, telephone networks grew from essentially local or regional telephone systems. These systems expanded by increasing their subscriber bases, as well as increasing their service areas by implementing additional local exchanges that were
1567:
Depending on the techniques used for area code and central office code relief, the effect on telephone users varies. In areas in which overlays were used, this generally avoids the need for converting telephone numbers, so existing directories, business records, letterheads, business cards,
492:. Some states or provinces needed to be divided into multiple areas. NPAs were created in accordance with principles deemed to maximize customer understanding and minimize dialing effort, while reducing plant cost. Each NPA was identified by a unique three-digit code number, termed the
155:. Eventually, it prepared the continent for direct-dialing of long-distance calls by customers, first possible in 1951 and expanded across the nation during the decades following. AT&T continued to administer the continental numbering plan and the technical infrastructure until the
1629:
was piloted in 2001 as a system for allocating local numbers to carriers in blocks of 1,000 rather than 10,000. Because of the then design of the switched telephone network, this was a considerable technical obstacle. Number pooling was implemented with another technical obstacle,
1518:, was assigned to Canada, but reassigned in 1992. These new area codes, as well as a few other codes used for routing calls to Mexico, were used for telephone area code splits during the late 1980s and early 1990s, as all other area codes using the original plan had been consumed.
511:
of state boundaries. The rules of determining areas also attempted to avoid cutting across busy toll traffic routes, so that most toll traffic remained within an NPA, and outgoing traffic in one area would not be tributary to toll offices in an adjacent area. As a result,
970:. The first cities that required this action, in 1974, were the cities of Los Angeles with area code 213 and New York with 212. This change also required modification of the local dialing procedures to distinguish local calls from long-distance calls with area codes.
1390:
The initial plan for area code overlays did allow for providing separate area codes for use by mobile devices, although these were still assigned to a specific geographical area, and were charged at the same rate as other area codes. Initially, the area code 917 for
1264:. For example, 250 555 0199, a fictional number, could be rendered as 250-555-0199, (250) 555-0199, 250-5550199, or 250/555-0199. The parentheses were originally used to indicate that the area code was not necessary for local dialing. The Government of Canada's
377:. Mexican participation was planned, but implementation stopped after three area codes (706, 903 and 905) had been assigned, and Mexico opted for an international numbering format, using country code 52. The area codes in use were subsequently withdrawn in 1991.
2204:, while countries in Asia and the rest of the world use a variety of other two- or three-digit emergency telephone number combinations. The 112 code is gaining prevalence because of its preprogrammed presence in mobile telephones that conform to the European
1580:
transition period prior to splitting provides a period of "permissive dialing" during which seven-digit dialing is still permitted. Also, many splits involved significant technical issues, considering municipal boundaries and tributary trunking arrangements.
937:
some of the largest area codes in urban centers might run out of central office prefixes to install more individual access lines. For relief in these cases, they finally eliminated the requirement that the middle digit of the central office code could not be
1521:
After the remaining valid area codes were used up by expansion, in 1995 the rapid increase in the need for more area codes forced the NANPA to allow the digits 2 through 8 to be used as a middle digit in new area code assignments, with 9 being reserved as a
679:, which is essentially a single pulse of loop interruption, was automatically ignored by most switching equipment of the time. Therefore, the 0/1 rule for the area code provided a convenient means to distinguish seven-digit dialing from ten-digit dialing.
3359:. Only 555-0100 through 555-0199 are reserved for fictional use. Where used, these are often routed to information services; Canadian telephone companies briefly promoted 555-1313 as a pay-per-use "name that number" reverse lookup during the mid-1990s.
2051:
code for access to a carrier from a non-subscriber location. The feature requires the customer dial a 950-xxxx number and enter a calling card number and destination telephone number. It was originally used for locations where 101-xxxx dialing was not
1778:
The NANP exhaust analysis estimates that the existing numbering system is sufficient beyond 2049, based on the assumptions that a maximum of 674 NPAs continue to be available, and that on average 3,990 central office codes are needed per year.
1922:
Most areas permit local calls as 1+10D except for Texas, Georgia, and some jurisdictions in Canada which require that landline callers know which numbers are local and which are toll, dialing 10D for local calls and 1+10D for all toll calls.
2324:
had taken advantage of customers' unfamiliarity with pricing to call the legacy regional area code 809. Some scams lured customers from the United States and Canada into placing expensive calls to the
Caribbean, by representing area code
2195:
Despite its early importance as a share of the worldwide telephone system, few of the NANP's codes, such as 911, have been adopted outside the system. Determining that 911 requires unnecessary rotation time on rotary dial telephones, the
3226:
Despite the abandonment of telephone exchange names in telephone numbering plans, many telephone dials and keypads maintain a tradition of alphabetic dialing. Pushbuttons from digit 2 to 9 also displays letters, which is standardized in
1291:
indicates that the user may have to dial another prefix per local dialing conventions in the country of origin that selects a trunk for international network access; the digits immediately following are thus the country code, where
3355:, to prevent disturbing actual telephone subscribers if anyone is tempted to dial a telephone number seen or referred to on screen. Not all numbers beginning with 555 are fictional. For example, 555-1212 is the standard number for
3123:
While the United States and Canada generate substantial amounts of the tourists for the
Caribbean, and are usually among the main international dialing destinations, most of the Caribbean was incorporated because companies such as
1914:
The number of digits dialed is unrelated to being a local call or a toll call when there is no toll alerting. Allowing 7D local dialing across an area code boundary, which was historically possible but is very rare today, required
2316:
may incur charges to callers. This is because many of the island nations implemented a plan of subsidizing the cost of local telephone services by directly charging higher pricing levies on international long-distance services.
1919:, locally if using toll alerting, across the entire area code otherwise, to avoid assignment of the same seven-digit number on both sides. Landlines occasionally require 1+10D where 10D is required, most notably in California.
408:). This function is overseen by the Federal Communications Commission, which assumed the responsibility upon the end of the Bell System. The FCC solicits private sector contracts for the role of the administrator.
2292:(NANC) to select one or more private-sector candidates for the local number portability administrator (LNPA) function, in a manner akin to the selection of the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA).
1550:
held there. Atlanta was used as the test case not only because of its size, but also because it had the world's largest fiber-optic network at the time, five times larger than that of New York, and it was home to
1568:
advertising, and "speed-dialing" settings can retain the same telephone numbers, while the overlay is used for new number allocations. The primary effect on telephone users is the necessity of remembering and
2341:
service monopolies being opened to competition, hence decreasing rates. Additionally, many Caribbean territories have implemented local government agencies to regulate telecommunications rates of providers.
2067:
on many step-by-step switches), but these have largely moved to individual unpublished numbers within the standard 958-xxxx (local) or 959-xxxx (long-distance) plant test exchanges as numbers become scarce.
1612:. The division again followed political boundaries, rather than rate center boundaries, resulting in additional split prefixes; a few numbers were transferred from 612 to 651 to 763 in less than two years.
1353:
For cellular services, telephone numbers in the NANP are allocated within each area code from special central office prefixes. Calls to them are billed at the same rate as any other call. Consequently, the
711:
calls to subscribers in another state or numbering plan area. Exceptions existed for communities on NPA boundaries, so that uniform local dialing was still possible in historically established communities.
2350:
Of all states or territories, the U.S. state of California has the largest number of area codes assigned, followed by Texas, Florida and New York, while most countries of the Caribbean use only one. Many
1620:
Recognizing that the proliferation of area codes was due largely to the telecom deregulation act and the assignment of numbers in blocks of ten thousand, the FCC instructed NANPA, by then administered by
147:. The first task was to unify the diverse local telephone numbering plans that had been established during the preceding decades, with the goal to speed call completion times and decrease the costs for
902:
With all-number calling, the number of permissible central office prefixes increased from 540 to potentially 800, but the first two digits of the central office code were still restricted to the range
303:
with high call volumes to and from the US were assigned functional area codes as early as 1963, for the purpose of call routing, but a nationwide system of participation in the NANP eventually failed.
456:. The immediate goal for improvement in the time of call establishment was to provide technology for the originating toll operators to dial calls directly to the destination. This system was known as
3992:, November 1, 1995. Accessed June 8, 2007. "When the first area code, 201, was introduced in New Jersey in 1951, phone-numbering experts thought there would be enough codes with a middle digit of
1304:
The North American Numbering Plan recognizes the need for non-geographic services by designating certain numbering blocks for such purposes. Many of these telephone numbers are selected from the
411:
Before the division of the Bell System, administration of the North American Numbering Plan was performed by AT&T's Central Services Organization. In 1984, this function was transferred to
6186:
1681:
became an NANP member in October 2004. The Dutch possession of Sint Maarten was originally scheduled to join the NANP on May 31, 2010, but the changeover was postponed to September 30, 2011.
444:
The long-range vision of the architects of the North American Numbering Plan was a system by which telephone subscribers in the United States and Canada could themselves dial and establish a
6191:
691:) representation of telephone numbers in most exchanges in North America, or to using an equivalent all-numeric seven-digit numbering plans, as was practiced by some telephone companies.
1470:, and mobile phone communication, as well as the deregulation of local telecommunication services in the United States during the mid-1990s, increased the demand for telephone numbers.
687:
in 1917, that had been used in the Bell System in large metropolitan areas since the early 1920s. The network reorganization standardized this system to using a two-letter, five-digit (
639:
were available in the numbering plan, but were not initially included in assignments. Additional area code patterns were later assigned for other services; for example, the area codes
6156:
2313:
699:
The closed numbering plan did not require the subscriber to dial all digits. When making a local call or a call within the same numbering plan area, the area code was omitted in
1526:
for potential future expansion. At the same time, local exchanges were allowed to use 1 or 0 as a middle digit. The first area codes without a 1 or 0 as the middle digit were
997:
before the change would have dialed 213-555-0123 and after the change 1-213-555-0123, which permitted the use of 213 as an exchange prefix in the San Jose area. The preceding
496:, which was prefixed to the local telephone number when calling from one NPA to another. Calling within the same numbering plan area did not require dialing the area code.
1178:
Using 0 or 1 as the first digit of an area code or central office code is invalid, as is a 9 as the middle digit of an area code; these are trunk prefixes or reserved for
565:. The new numbering plan provided for 152 area codes, each with a capacity to serve as many as 540 central offices. Originally, only eighty-six area codes were assigned.
17:
2220:
has been adopted widely elsewhere, including as the international toll-free country code. It is often preceded by a 0 rather than a 1 in many countries where 0 is the
6792:
4162:
3790:
2330:
nations, premium exchanges such as +1-876-HOT-, +1-876-WET- or +1-876-SEX- (where 876 is Jamaica) became a means to circumvent consumer-protection laws governing
4295:
914:
were reserved as special calling codes. This increased the numbering pool for central office codes to 640, and resulted in the partitioning of the prefix space (
4625:
159:, when administration was delegated to the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), a service that has been procured from the private sector by the
1499:, in which a part of the area retained a single code while the rest of the region received an overlay code. The only service-specific overlay in the NANP was
6166:
6136:
5999:
4413:
5034:
4218:
2232:
While direct dialing of international calls was available in some locations in the United States by the late 1950s, a continental system was introduced as
2114:*74 and 1174 β speed dial, which allows someone to quickly dial any of eight frequently called numbers using a one-digit code, from any phone on their line
4326:
3979:
3019:
1503:(New York City) when it was first installed; such service-specific area code assignments were later prohibited by the Federal Communications Commission.
6756:
1462:
Canada and the United States have experienced rapid growth in the number of area codes, particularly between 1990 and 2005. The widespread adoption of
1396:
fraction of mobile and nomadic numbers, although landline and other services rapidly follow and local network portability can blur these distinctions.
6161:
1124:
Covers Canada, the United States, parts of the Caribbean Sea, and some Atlantic and Pacific islands. The area code is often enclosed in parentheses.
891:
was a telephone numbering plan introduced in 1958, that converted telephone numbers with exchange names to a numeric representation of seven digits.
6246:
3420:
89:
35:
6076:
6141:
3425:
1427:
3273:, Michigan not only still uses the 2L-5N format for its number (TYler 8-7100), it uses the format for the toll-free number (1-800-TY8-7100).
1311:
System-wide toll-free calling, for which the receiving party is billed for the call, uses the number range with area codes of the form 8XX.
5742:
5714:
5709:
4734:
2616:
1371:
rates are generally lower than the rates in caller-pays systems. Conversely, an early advantage of caller-pays was the relative absence of
1045:
1036:
In 1995, the North American Numbering Plan Administrator eliminated the requirement that the middle digit of an area code had to be either
168:
1121:(ERC). ERCs designate special services; e.g., 800 for toll-free service. The NANP is not assigning area codes with 9 as the second digit.
6673:
5919:
4515:
4496:
4487:
4355:
4251:
4010:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2326:
1666:
612:
in the middle had to be divided (beginning with New Jersey's 201), but until 1995 all area codes assigned had none other than the digits
2245:
with seven to twelve digits in the national telephone numbers. Access to the international network is facilitated by the dialing prefix
581:. The allocation of area codes was readjusted as early as 1948 to account for inadequacies in some metropolitan areas. For example, the
5989:
1387:
between fixed and wireless services within a region, allowing users to switch to mobile service while keeping their telephone number.
6787:
6091:
4360:
3661:, Volume 2, Part 1, International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee, International Telecommunication Union, 1973, p. 129
3269:
directories until 1983. Some businesses still display a 2L-5N number in advertisements, e.g., the Belvedere Construction Company in
6237:
6009:
5854:
5844:
5826:
3502:
136:
6131:
3291:
In addition to uses in advertising, alphabetic dialing has occasionally influenced the selection of area codes. For example, when
3265:
The letter system was phased out, beginning before 1965, although it persisted ten years later in some places. It was included in
6081:
4639:
1803:. Other proposals include reallocating blocks of numbers assigned to smaller long-distance carriers or unused reserved services.
1773:
1179:
2355:
were assigned based on alphabetic abbreviations of the territory name, as indicated in the third column of the following table (
6782:
6014:
5736:
3791:"Somos, Inc. Is Awarded the North American Numbering Plan Administration and the Pooling Administration Contracts | Somos"
3323:. Similarly, several Caribbean area codes were chosen as an alphabetic abbreviation of the name of the country or its capital.
1315:
addresses, they may or may not traverse the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Applications include the use as personal
6508:
5731:
5721:
5701:
5503:
2209:
2060:
1600:
1546:
was the first U.S. city to require mandatory ten-digit dialing throughout the metropolitan area, coinciding roughly with the
1276:
431:, a company created from Lockheed for this purpose. The contract was renewed in 2004, and again in 2012. On January 1, 2019,
203:
4576:
1669:
exclusively serves the Dominican Republic (along with area codes 829 and 849). The United States Pacific territories of the
4562:
4204:
663:
could not appear in the first two digits of the central office codes, because the system of using the first two letters of
4868:
6146:
5793:
5726:
5572:
3948:
947:
930:
As the numbering plan grew during the 1960s using all-number calling, plan administrators at AT&T identified that by
4128:
1190:
is a valid telephone number; with area code 234, central office prefix (exchange) 235, and line number 5678. The number
6203:
6180:
6126:
6096:
5498:
4388:
2266:
1642:
562:
239:
4302:
3754:
3707:
3602:
222:
Area code handbook issued by many telephone companies in 1962 to promote the newly introduced direct distance dialing.
167:
of local numbering resources. The FCC also serves as the U.S. regulator. Canadian numbering decisions are made by the
6727:
6722:
6468:
6433:
6151:
5592:
3854:
3081:
1449:
547:
central office code, and four digits for each line. This fixed format defined the North American Numbering Plan as a
199:
160:
6610:
6550:
6373:
6121:
5994:
5929:
5864:
5377:
4925:
4727:
3803:
2951:
2873:
2869:
2289:
2157:
2027:
1474:
1117:
The first NYX block is the numbering plan area code. When the second and third digits are the same, the code is an
1510:(TWX) service, were transferred to Western Union in 1969 and were freed for other use in 1981 after conversion to
6739:
6666:
6600:
6458:
6116:
6111:
6106:
5904:
5488:
3676:
2338:
1556:
242:
in coordination with the independent telephone operators. The plan divided most of North America into eighty-six
6086:
4065:
3129:
2111:*71 and 1171 β three-way calling, which lets a person talk to people in two different locations at the same time
1048:, that had already been anticipated since the 1960s, when interchangeable central office codes were sanctioned.
6635:
6615:
6388:
6298:
6101:
6024:
5969:
5939:
5859:
5483:
4333:
3976:
3627:
Mehta, Stephanie N. (1999-02-26). "The Kennedy Space Center Acquires a New Area Code: 3-2-1, as in Blast Off".
2262:
2239:
IDDD was implemented through extensive modifications in the switching systems to accommodate the international
1916:
1431:
1383:
found ways to reduce to zero the marginal cost of each call placed. The integrated numbering plan also enables
218:
3476:
1495:, in which the new code is reserved for a particular type of service, such as cellular phones and pagers, and
6625:
6423:
6418:
6288:
6056:
6004:
5979:
5954:
5914:
5899:
5869:
5508:
3391:
2364:
2282:
2250:
1367:
194:) code and a four-digit station number. The combination of an area code and the telephone number serves as a
69:
2281:. The FCC regulations were enacted on June 27, 1996, with changes to take effect in the one hundred largest
6732:
6518:
6478:
6383:
6358:
6230:
6215:
6071:
6066:
6019:
5959:
5934:
5924:
5879:
5819:
5783:
5544:
5441:
4984:
4779:
4751:
3096:
1662:
1588:
1214:
Each three-digit area code has a capacity of 7,919,900 telephone numbers (7,918,900 in the United States).
412:
389:
2148:
Not all NANP countries use the same codes. For example, the emergency telephone number is not always 911:
1346:, as is customary in some other national telephone administrations. Only one regional exception exists in
6712:
6698:
6640:
6630:
6595:
6579:
6574:
6503:
6448:
6428:
6403:
6393:
6378:
6368:
6353:
6333:
6293:
6283:
5974:
5964:
5944:
5889:
5884:
5874:
5773:
5280:
4720:
3352:
2596:
2352:
1009:
453:
259:
plan areas. The first customer-dialed direct call using an area code was made on November 10, 1951, from
129:
3977:"Now You Can Call, If Your Calls Don't Work Some Business Lines Aren't Set Up To Call To New Area Codes"
6797:
6659:
6620:
6338:
6318:
6313:
6278:
6268:
6061:
5949:
5894:
5632:
5554:
5493:
5200:
3415:
2296:
2031:
1641:
Canada never implemented number pooling, so that even the smallest villages are rate centers and every
1138:
The second NXX block is the central office code. Permissible numbers exclude easily recognizable codes
366:
274:
The status of the network of the 1960s was represented by a new name used for technical documentation:
156:
122:
2233:
2092:
harassing, threatening, abusive, obscene, etc. phone calls, and keep results of trace at phone company
186:
unique only within its respective numbering plan area. The telephone number consists of a three-digit
6705:
6605:
6453:
6408:
6348:
5984:
5909:
5404:
5365:
5210:
5110:
5039:
4972:
4799:
1342:
The North American Numbering Plan does not reserve special non-geographic area codes exclusively for
600:
Initially, states divided into multiple numbering plan areas were assigned area codes with the digit
338:
178:(NPAs) which are encoded numerically with a three-digit telephone number prefix, commonly termed the
79:
3550:
2467:
1988:β local telephone directory service; some telephone companies provide national directory assistance.
6483:
5763:
5005:
4940:
4893:
4853:
4374:
3362:
Occasionally, valid telephone numbers are used as song titles. One of the earliest examples is the
3034:
2839:
2278:
1670:
1654:
1631:
1384:
683:
464:
322:
and their continued associations with Canada, especially during the years of the telegraph and the
227:
106:
604:
in the second position, while areas that comprised entire states or provinces received codes with
6488:
6443:
6343:
6223:
5812:
5602:
5587:
5431:
5382:
5305:
5205:
4883:
4769:
4764:
3629:
3445:
3320:
2081:*51 and 1151 β a history of unanswered calls on a telephone number, useful for those who are not
2001:
1507:
1420:
268:
4549:
4534:
4482:
4467:
476:
The new numbering plan divided the North American continent into regional service areas, termed
6513:
6328:
6308:
5524:
5310:
5125:
5070:
5065:
4878:
4843:
3340:
2569:
2274:
2037:
1951:
1218:
420:
31:
4626:"Call 658 ... Jamaica gets additional area code, 10-digit dialling becomes mandatory May 2018"
3656:
1963:
01 β international access code using operator assistance for all destinations outside the NANP
1473:
The Federal Communications Commission allowed telecommunication companies to compete with the
561:
In 1947, AT&T completed the new design for a nationwide toll network that established the
5426:
5230:
5195:
5115:
5095:
5017:
4905:
4826:
2896:
2138:
2074:
1967:
1596:
1002:
644:
549:
457:
260:
255:
163:(FCC) in the United States. Each participating country forms a regulatory authority that has
148:
144:
4759:
3128:
acquired Caribbean telecom systems following political independence from the United Kingdom.
2130:
The four-digit numbers are not implemented in some areas. The star codes (*) are for use on
306:
During the decades following, the NANP expanded to include all of the United States and its
5340:
5300:
5270:
5027:
4962:
4784:
3907:
3778:
3356:
3300:
3266:
2096:
1547:
990:
578:
449:
318:
because of their historic telecommunications administration through Canada as parts of the
152:
4350:
1534:
in Washington, which both began service on January 15, 1995. This was followed quickly by
553:, as opposed to developments in other countries where the number of digits was not fixed.
419:), a company created by the divestiture mandate to perform services for the newly created
8:
6043:
5350:
5290:
5049:
5011:
4809:
4794:
3988:
3367:
3244:
3006:
2451:
2312:
NANP. Similarly, calls from Bermuda to U.S. destinations incur international rates. Even
2241:
2149:
2063:. It was once common to reserve entire unused exchange prefixes or N11 numbers (4101 was
1945:
1573:
700:
672:
664:
315:
264:
195:
4601:
3252:(212 736-5000) in New York City until the hotel's closing in 2020. Similarly, the movie
5577:
5534:
5465:
5335:
5265:
5240:
5175:
5022:
4743:
4668:"Canadian telco offers users a handy reverse directory". America's Network. 1996-05-15.
4518:
4176:
3833:
3536:
3332:
3249:
2690:
2041:
1265:
1233:
are reserved specifically for this purpose, leaving the rest available for assignment.
1132:
888:
500:
489:
370:
187:
4499:
977:
to be dialed before the full number in some areas provided for area codes of the form
5617:
5539:
5453:
5436:
5399:
5245:
5075:
5044:
4910:
4804:
4577:"The Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority (ECTEL) > Telecom regulations"
4034:
A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System - The Early Years (1875-1925)
2363:
on telephone dials. For some Pacific islands, the NANPA area code is the same as the
2105:*69 and 1169 β Call Return (caller may press '1' to return call after hearing number)
2056:
1569:
1198:
is invalid, because the NANP is not assigning area codes with 9 as the second digit.
704:
5804:
5285:
4655:
1665:. Each has since been assigned one or more distinct numbering plan areas; area code
6682:
5622:
5582:
5562:
5529:
5458:
5416:
5330:
5185:
5170:
5145:
5120:
5080:
4930:
4789:
4774:
3829:
3779:
FCC News release: FCC selects Somos as NANPA and PA under one-year bridge contract.
3532:
3375:
2216:
as their international access number instead of 011. However, the toll-free prefix
2017:
1811:
The structure of the North American Numbering Plan permits implementation of local
1330:
is used for non-geographic applications. Area code 900 has been used for high-toll
1005:; however, this is inconsistent across the NANP because the FCC has left it to the
608:
as the middle digit. This rule was violated by the early 1950s, as NPAs with digit
512:
354:
183:
310:, Canada, Bermuda, and seventeen nations of the Caribbean. At the request of the
6651:
5250:
5105:
4873:
4848:
4836:
4580:
3983:
3383:
3262:
between roughly 64th and 86th Streets, where the telephone prefixes include 288.
2471:
2270:
2064:
1648:
1343:
424:
423:. On January 19, 1998, the NANPA function was transferred to the IMS division of
358:
342:
311:
4679:
4490:
1960:β access code for international direct dialing all destinations outside the NANP
5448:
5320:
5295:
5255:
5225:
5100:
4935:
4888:
4863:
4821:
3399:
3387:
3296:
2631:
2395:
2236:(IDDD) for the territories of the North American Numbering Plan in March 1970.
2197:
2161:
1678:
1626:
445:
319:
3731:
3446:"Contacts in the Countries Participating in the North American Numbering Plan"
2273:(b)(2)) authorizes the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to require all
484:
s). The divisions conformed primarily to the jurisdictional boundaries of the
6776:
6557:
6543:
6536:
6529:
6523:
6498:
6493:
6473:
6463:
6438:
6413:
6398:
6363:
6323:
6303:
6273:
5597:
5370:
5360:
5275:
5165:
5160:
5150:
5135:
4957:
4816:
4140:
3462:
3395:
3363:
3304:
3292:
3285:
3254:
3101:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3039:
3011:
2984:
2956:
2928:
2901:
2844:
2817:
2790:
2786:
2758:
2730:
2663:
2636:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2574:
2547:
2519:
2491:
2456:
2428:
2400:
2331:
2070:
1 (NPA) 555-1212 β non-local directory information (Canada and United States)
2048:
1792:
1609:
1605:
1592:
1584:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1515:
1500:
1392:
1376:
1372:
1347:
1327:
1323:
1316:
594:
586:
574:
570:
385:
299:
164:
110:
6245:
4278:
4244:"Planning Letter PL-558: Assigning from NPA 526 for Non-Geographic Services"
4190:
2299:
in NPA 800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844, and 833 have been portable through the
5475:
5315:
5260:
5190:
5155:
5090:
4989:
4979:
4831:
4282:
4243:
3758:
3700:
3606:
3403:
3371:
3239:
3228:
3154:
Letters of the alphabet are mapped to the digits of the telephone dial pad.
2979:
2221:
2185:
2173:
2089:
2024:/teletriage services in Canada (formerly telephone company business office)
1487:
1237:
1021:
524:
381:
362:
323:
307:
118:
3817:
3682:. North American Numbering Plan Administration. 2011-01-05. Archived from
246:(NPAs). Each NPA was assigned a unique three-digit code, typically termed
5675:
5325:
5235:
5220:
5180:
5140:
4999:
3379:
2923:
2864:
2486:
1658:
1194:
is invalid, because the central office code must not be in the form N11.
994:
982:
589:
was divided to provide a larger numbering pool in the Indiana suburbs of
485:
432:
374:
140:
135:
The concepts of the NANP were devised originally during the 1940s by the
1926:
In almost all cases, domestic operator-assisted calls are dialed 0+10D.
5680:
5387:
5085:
4994:
4950:
4920:
4898:
4546:
4531:
4479:
4464:
3390:
scored a soul music success during the 1960s with the similarly named "
3284:
gimmick, particularly for toll-free numbers. For example, one can dial
2812:
2131:
2021:
1820:. The NANPA publishes dial plan information for individual area codes.
1559:, with AT&T's fiber optics manufacturing facility within the city.
1434: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1331:
1006:
566:
543:
received three. Eight states and provinces were divided into two NPAs.
532:
392:
which, like the rest of the French Caribbean, is not part of the NANP.
286:, as other countries sought or considered joining the standardization.
4274:
4177:"NANPA : North American Numbering Plan Administration - About Us"
3701:"PL-423: Updated Information - Introduction of NPA 721 (Sint Maarten)"
3683:
2208:
standard. The European Union and many other countries have chosen the
1271:
Using the global formatting for telephone numbers, per recommendation
1056:
The NANP numbering format may be summarized in the ten-digit notation
27:
Integrated telephone numbering plan of twenty North American countries
6250:
6048:
5665:
5130:
4945:
4712:
3316:
3277:
3259:
2189:
2184:
uses 114 for directory assistance, 119 for police force, and 110 for
2177:
2134:
2082:
1812:
1552:
1288:
334:
232:
179:
114:
3480:
3235:. The alphabet is apportioned to the buttons as shown in the table.
2465:
Telecommunications Division of the Government of Antigua and Barbuda
2337:
The occurrence of these scams has been decreasing, with many of the
1657:, Alaska, Hawaii and Canada shared the area code 809. This included
1506:
Most area codes of the form N10, originally reserved for AT&T's
1409:
515:
state was initially divided into five areas, the most of any state.
6034:
5836:
5660:
5650:
5567:
5392:
5215:
4414:"Government of Canada launches three-digit suicide crisis helpline"
3281:
2658:
2514:
2423:
2165:
2153:
1935:
1380:
1017:
1013:
986:
632:
540:
516:
330:
4327:"April 2019 North American Numbering Plan (NANP) Exhaust Analysis"
1758:
before September 30, 2011: reached via IDDD using country code 599
5655:
5640:
4858:
4389:"FCC Designates 988 for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline"
4136:
3270:
3150:
2781:
2725:
2542:
2300:
2181:
2010:β relay service for customers with hearing or speech disabilities
1976:β local community information or social services (in some cities)
1622:
1543:
590:
582:
428:
295:
45:
3603:"NANPA: North American Numbering Plan Administration - About Us"
3248:
refers to telephone number PE6-5000, a number in service at the
3046:
1481:
Area codes are added by two principal methods, number plan area
1028:
services that offer nationwide calling without the extra digit.
5685:
5645:
4967:
4707:
3125:
2669:
2591:
2169:
2123:*82 and 1182 β releases Caller ID block on a call-by-call basis
1747:
before October 1, 2004: reached via IDDD using country code 684
703:. In some cases, even fewer digits sufficed for local calling.
388:. Sint Maarten shares the island of St. Martin with the French
2991:
1649:
New area codes outside the contiguous United States and Canada
6761:
5670:
5607:
4915:
3232:
2710:
2499:
2201:
2117:*75 β allows a total of 30 speed-call numbers with two digits
2013:
2007:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1511:
1467:
1272:
528:
350:
207:
3706:. North American Numbering Plan Administration. 2011-07-27.
3288:
to order flowers, or 1-800-DENTIST to find a local dentist.
1966:
101-xxxx β Carrier access code for selecting an alternative
1783:
any two NANP numbers. Another proposal introduces the digit
1653:
Before 1995, all NANP countries and territories outside the
1268:
recommends using hyphens between groups; e.g. 250-555-0199.
143:
and the independent telephone companies in North America in
50:
Countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan
5612:
4101:
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS),
3503:"The International Public Telecommunication Numbering Plan"
3336:
2753:
2436:
2321:
2137:, whereas the four-digit numbers prefixed 11xx are used on
1674:
1025:
655:
It was already common practice for decades that the digits
536:
520:
471:
346:
314:, the numbering plan was first expanded to Bermuda and the
2936:
2527:
2108:*70 and 1170 β cancel call waiting on a call-by-call basis
1940:
Some common special numbers in the North American system:
210:, which establishes an international numbering framework.
109:
for twenty-five regions in twenty countries, primarily in
4219:"To Drop or Not to Drop Parentheses in Telephone Numbers"
3551:"1951: First Direct-Dial Transcontinental Telephone Call"
3276:
Despite the phasing out of the letter system, alphabetic
3132:
barred from in the Caribbean unless paid as a toll call.
2882:
Junta Reglamentadora de Telecomunicaciones de Puerto Rico
2797:
2738:
2675:
2464:
2408:
2205:
1957:
1463:
427:
in Washington, D.C. In 1999, the contract was awarded to
3406:, which was the cause of a large number of prank calls.
2285:
by October 1, 1997, and elsewhere by December 31, 1998.
1248:
is also used within the NANP for long-distance dialing.
1202:
is invalid, because the office code must not begin with
202:(PSTN). The North American Numbering Plan conforms with
4118:, Bell Laboratories Record 38(12) p.470 (December 1960)
2881:
2766:
1379:
to mobile numbers, although this advantage dwindled as
1210:
is invalid, because the NPA must not begin with 0 or 1.
925:
3806:, G2Xchange FedCiv (2020-12-01), Retrieved 2021-05-04.
3108:
2964:
2824:
2643:
2582:
2095:*66 and 1166 β to keep retrying a busy-line (see also
1366:
Industry observers have attributed the relatively low
5834:
3818:"A General Switching Plan for Telephone Toll Service"
3671:
3669:
3667:
2554:
278:. By 1975, the numbering plan was referred to as the
174:
The NANP divides the territories of its members into
4103:
Numbering and Dialing Plans within the United States
1767:
1736:
before 1997: reached via IDDD using country code 671
1725:
before 1997: reached via IDDD using country code 670
1625:, to alleviate the numbering shortage. As a result,
333:
participate in the NANP. Exceptions include Mexico,
4205:"NANP: The North American Numbering Plan Explained"
3020:
Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago
2644:
Information and Communications Technology Authority
2367:that was discontinued upon membership in the NANP.
1645:(CLEC) is assigned blocks of ten thousand numbers.
6681:
4116:All-Number Calling Being Introduced In Bell System
3949:"Nation-Wide Operator Toll Dialingβthe Coming Way"
3855:"Operator Toll DialingβA New Long Distance Method"
3744:Bellcore Planning Letter PL-NANP-106, (1997-12-23)
3664:
3477:"NANPA : Number Resources - NPA (Area) Codes"
2908:
2126:*87 β deactivates Anonymous Call Rejection Service
667:did not assign letters to these digits. The digit
448:to any other subscriber without the assistance of
4563:"Fair Trading Commission, Barbados - Legislation"
4191:"NANP North American Numbering Plan useful facts"
3924:, Bell System Technical Journal 31(5), 851 (1952)
3523:Nunn, W. H. (1952). "Nationwide Numbering Plan".
2965:National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
2937:National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
2909:National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
2000:β telephone line repair service (formerly 4104),
1982:β city government or non-emergency police matters
1240:for all countries participating with the NANP is
6793:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947
6774:
3804:FCC awards $ 75M NANPA/PA/RNDA Services contract
3677:"PL-418: Introduction of NPA 721 (Sint Maarten)"
3421:List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
2500:Utilities Regulation & Competition Authority
2120:*77 β activates Anonymous Call Rejection Service
2077:are used for special calling features, such as:
1970:; xxxx is the carrier identification code (CIC).
503:βin the Bell System they were officially termed
298:and the Caribbean islands had been assigned the
36:List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
4066:"Why Did Old Phone Numbers Start With Letters?"
2360:
1256:NANP telephone numbers are usually rendered as
569:received the first NPA code in the new system,
3426:Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Report
3326:
2739:Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
2711:Instituto Dominicano de las Telecomunicaciones
2676:Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
2253:and the national telephone number are dialed.
1555:(now part of AT&T), then the Southeastern
1251:
1159:A unique four-digit number for each NPA, from
128:. Some North American countries, most notably
6667:
6231:
5820:
4728:
4090:Engineering and Operations in the Bell System
3135:
2055:958-xxxx (local); 959-xxxx (long distance) β
384:joined the NANP in September 2011, receiving
6157:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4656:Tennessee Regulatory Authority press release
4640:423 Area Code To Become VOL In 9 ET Counties
4054:, Bell Telephone Magazine, Autumn 1962, p.10
4046:
4044:
4042:
3299:) was split in 1999, the region surrounding
2617:Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium
2345:
2034:β fire department, medical emergency, police
1929:
1046:interchangeable NPA and central office codes
1031:
635:. The easily recognizable codes of the form
463:Operator Toll Dialing required a nationwide
169:Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium
30:"NANPA" redirects here. For other uses, see
5743:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
4356:North American Numbering Plan Administrator
4252:North American Numbering Plan Administrator
4063:
3902:
3900:
3852:
2409:American Samoa Telecommunications Authority
2200:has adopted its own standardized number of
1337:
910:, and the eight combinations that ended in
556:
402:North American Numbering Plan Administrator
182:. Each telephone is assigned a seven-digit
18:North American Numbering Plan Administrator
6674:
6660:
6238:
6224:
5827:
5813:
5779:
4735:
4721:
4084:
4082:
3946:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
2334:or similar U.S.-domestic premium numbers.
1615:
1299:
238:In October 1947, AT&T published a new
44:
4560:
4039:
4012:Statistical Abstract of the United States
3732:"About the North American Numbering Plan"
3571:
3569:
3567:
1514:service was complete. The last of these,
1450:Learn how and when to remove this message
1322:Some carrier-specific services have used
282:, resulting in the well-known initialism
3927:
3897:
3149:
2825:Montserrat Info-Communications Authority
2583:Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
2227:
1994:β traffic, road, and tourist information
1862:Single code area, without toll alerting
472:Numbering plan areas and central offices
345:countries and some Caribbean countries (
217:
137:American Telephone and Telegraph Company
4375:"Area Codes Requiring 10 Digit Dialing"
4129:"Numbering Resources: NPA (Area) Codes"
4108:
4079:
3876:
3846:
3815:
3637:
3516:
2437:Public Utilities Commission of Anguilla
1823:The standard dial plans in most cases:
1806:
1774:North American Numbering Plan expansion
1599:and the eastern metropolitan area. The
1180:North American Numbering Plan expansion
650:
14:
6775:
4742:
4050:Blair N.D., Cosgrove M.P. (AT&T),
3582:
3564:
2061:automatic number announcement circuits
1283:, without spaces or punctuation, e.g.
1225:, only the block of line numbers from
117:. This group is historically known as
6655:
6219:
5808:
4716:
4163:"CNA - North American Numbering Plan"
3626:
2256:
2234:International Direct Distance Dialing
2210:International Telecommunication Union
2020:services (United States), non-urgent
1896:Overlaid area, without toll alerting
1845:Single code area, with toll alerting
1601:Minnesota Public Utilities Commission
1277:International Telecommunication Union
730:
721:Partitioning of the NANP prefix space
715:
694:
204:International Telecommunication Union
5789:
4000:to last well into the next century."
3914:
3522:
3500:
1714:before 1997: served by area code 809
1701:before 1996: served by area code 809
1690:before 1995: served by area code 809
1432:adding citations to reliable sources
1403:
1279:(ITU), a NANP number is rendered as
948:interchangeable central office codes
926:Interchangeable central office codes
289:
132:, do not participate with the NANP.
3319:, as well as athletic teams at the
1591:Twin Cities, was divided to create
1538:serving Arizona on March 19, 1995.
24:
4225:. Government of Canada. 2019-12-06
4105:(ATIS-0300076), December 2008, p.7
3834:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1930.tb03208.x
3537:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1952.tb01412.x
3463:"Canadian Numbering Administrator"
2992:Bureau Telecommunications and Post
1879:Overlaid area, with toll alerting
1706:2001: overlaid with area code 939
1643:Competitive local exchange carrier
1562:
989:. Therefore, someone calling from
665:familiar names for central offices
563:original North American area codes
531:were assigned four NPAs each, and
25:
6809:
4701:
4393:Federal Communications Commission
4223:www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca
3947:Mabbs, Ralph (Winter 1947β1948).
3853:Pilliod, J.J; Ryan, H.L. (1945).
3351:5 in older movies and shows, for
3082:Federal Communications Commission
1787:into the area code in the format
1768:Telephone number length expansion
1475:incumbent local exchange carriers
985:, Texas, area and 410 in eastern
946:. This resulted in the format of
733:as toll center and system codes.
439:
395:
380:The Dutch Caribbean territory of
276:North American Integrated Network
254:. These codes were first used in
200:public switched telephone network
161:Federal Communications Commission
6788:International telecommunications
6033:
6000:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5788:
5778:
5769:
5768:
5757:
5378:Free-space optical communication
4363:from the original on 2023-09-21.
3394:". A more recent example is the
3089:
3054:
3027:
2999:
2972:
2952:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2944:
2916:
2889:
2857:
2832:
2805:
2774:
2746:
2718:
2683:
2651:
2624:
2590:
2562:
2535:
2507:
2479:
2444:
2416:
2388:
2359:). This follows the traditional
2290:North American Numbering Council
1408:
400:The NANP is administered by the
4672:
4661:
4649:
4632:
4618:
4594:
4569:
4554:
4539:
4524:
4508:
4472:
4457:
4444:
4431:
4406:
4381:
4367:
4343:
4319:
4288:
4267:
4236:
4211:
4197:
4183:
4169:
4155:
4121:
4095:
4057:
4036:, M.D. Fagan (ed.), 1975, p.126
4026:
4003:
3970:
3940:
3809:
3797:
3783:
3772:
3747:
3738:
3724:
3713:from the original on 2019-01-08
3650:
3620:
2306:
2004:customer service (formerly 811)
1557:Regional Bell Operating Company
1419:needs additional citations for
707:was only necessary when making
645:Teletypewriter Exchange Service
4454:, Section 10.3.02, p.3 (1980).
3595:
3543:
3494:
3469:
3455:
3438:
3117:* same as former country code
2320:Because of these higher fees,
2283:Metropolitan Statistical Areas
2263:Telecommunications Act of 1996
2102:*67 and 1167 β Caller ID Block
1917:central office code protection
1217:Despite the widespread use of
1051:
151:, by reducing manual labor by
13:
1:
6783:North American Numbering Plan
6255:North American Numbering Plan
4684:Urban Legends Reference Pages
4088:Bell Telephone Laboratories,
4032:Bell Telephone Laboratories,
3822:Bell System Technical Journal
3816:Osborne, H. S. (1930-07-01).
3525:Bell System Technical Journal
3431:
3047:Telecommunications Commission
2798:Spectrum Management Authority
1761:2011: assigned area code 721
1750:2004: assigned area code 684
1739:1997: assigned area code 671
1728:1997: assigned area code 670
1717:1997: assigned area code 340
1693:1995: assigned area code 441
1677:joined the NANP in 1997, and
1368:mobile phone penetration rate
1142:, used for special services.
931:
280:North American Numbering Plan
99:North American Numbering Plan
6757:National writing conventions
5764:Telecommunication portal
5545:Telecommunications equipment
4296:"Rate Center Consolidations"
3353:fictitious telephone numbers
3097:United States Virgin Islands
1704:1996: assigned area code 787
1583:As an example, in 1998, the
1012:to regulate for traditional
1010:public utilities commissions
623:The eight codes of the form
413:Bell Communications Research
390:Collectivity of Saint Martin
7:
5281:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
3893:Notes on Nationwide Dialing
3409:
3386:, while Stax/Volt Records'
3327:Fictional telephone numbers
3258:is set in the East Side of
2297:toll-free telephone numbers
1954:assistance (formerly 2-1-1)
1252:Telephone number formatting
1219:fictional telephone numbers
468:possible in their systems.
454:General Toll Switching Plan
10:
6814:
4985:Telecommunications history
4602:"United States Area Codes"
4064:John Greene (2015-01-16).
3416:List of area code overlays
3136:Alphabetic mnemonic system
3109:Public Services Commission
2032:emergency telephone number
1933:
1771:
1296:is the NANP country code.
1072:denotes any of the digits
1064:denotes any of the digits
1016:, and it has since become
213:
29:
6752:
6694:
6690:
6588:
6567:
6261:
6175:
6142:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
6042:
6031:
5843:
5835:Telephone numbers in the
5752:
5694:
5631:
5593:Public Switched Telephone
5553:
5517:
5474:
5415:
5405:telecommunication circuit
5366:Fiber-optic communication
5349:
5111:Francis Blake (telephone)
5058:
4906:Optical telecommunication
4750:
4485:. The regulations are at
4439:Notes on Distance Dialing
3937:, Section 10, p.3 (1980).
3922:Nationwide Numbering Plan
3757:. Neustar. Archived from
3590:Notes on Distance Dialing
3577:Notes on Distance Dialing
3148:
3116:
2346:Countries and territories
1930:Special numbers and codes
1570:dialing ten-digit numbers
1399:
1306:easily recognizable codes
1114:Numbering plan area code
1032:Interchangeable NPA codes
1001:also ideally indicates a
876:
731:These 200 codes were used
723:under all-number-calling
643:were implemented for the
339:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
240:nationwide numbering plan
88:
78:
68:
63:
55:
43:
6162:Turks and Caicos Islands
5504:Orbital angular-momentum
4941:Satellite communications
4780:Communications satellite
4686:. snopes.com. 2014-07-09
3647:, Section 3, p. 8 (1980)
3035:Turks and Caicos Islands
2840:Northern Mariana Islands
2767:Guam Telephone Authority
2279:local number portability
1834:Local outside area code
1816:a telephone number with
1791:, so that, for example,
1671:Northern Mariana Islands
1655:contiguous United States
1632:local number portability
1589:Minneapolis β Saint Paul
1385:local number portability
1338:Cellular mobile services
1119:easily recognizable code
684:telephone exchange names
573:. The second area code,
557:Initial numbering system
494:numbering plan area code
465:telephone numbering plan
107:telephone numbering plan
5383:Molecular communication
5206:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
5035:Undersea telegraph line
4770:Cable protection system
4644:Knoxville News-Sentinel
4351:"Uniform Dialing Plans"
4283:Verizon unlimited plans
3953:Bell Telephone Magazine
3859:Bell Telephone Magazine
3630:The Wall Street Journal
3374:. The 1962 Motown hit "
3341:central office code 555
3321:University of Tennessee
3280:remain as a commercial
2528:Telecommunications Unit
2275:local exchange carriers
2088:*57 and 1157 β used to
1840:Toll outside area code
1831:Local within area code
1616:Decrease of growth rate
1576:was previously needed.
1508:Teletypewriter eXchange
1300:Non-geographic services
879:8 special service codes
421:local exchange carriers
367:Spanish-speaking states
329:Not all North American
312:British Colonial Office
269:Direct distance dialing
226:From the Bell System's
6077:British Virgin Islands
5525:Communication protocol
5311:Charles Sumner Tainter
5126:Walter Houser Brattain
5071:Edwin Howard Armstrong
4879:Information revolution
4279:T-Mobile Magenta plans
3553:. AT&T Corporation
3307:, chosen to represent
3155:
2570:British Virgin Islands
2141:which cannot dial the
2139:rotary dial telephones
2075:Vertical service codes
1952:long-distance operator
1837:Toll within area code
577:, was assigned to the
369:in the system are the
223:
157:end of the Bell System
123:telephone country code
90:List of dialing codes
32:Nanpa (disambiguation)
5990:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5499:Polarization-division
5231:Narinder Singh Kapany
5196:Erna Schneider Hoover
5116:Jagadish Chandra Bose
5096:Alexander Graham Bell
4827:online video platform
3153:
2897:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2288:The FCC directed the
2228:International dialing
1968:long-distance carrier
1497:concentrated overlays
1044:, implementing fully
981:, such as 210 in the
550:closed numbering plan
458:Operator Toll Dialing
450:switchboard operators
261:Englewood, New Jersey
256:Operator Toll Dialing
221:
206:(ITU) Recommendation
153:switchboard operators
149:long-distance calling
145:Operator Toll Dialing
6309:District of Columbia
5341:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5301:Almon Brown Strowger
5271:Charles Grafton Page
4926:Prepaid mobile phone
4854:Electrical telegraph
4606:www.areacodehelp.com
4452:Notes on the Network
4418:Government of Canada
3935:Notes on the Network
3908:Notes on the Network
3645:Notes on the Network
3357:directory assistance
3267:Bell of Pennsylvania
2097:Called-party camp-on
1548:1996 Summer Olympics
1428:improve this article
991:San Jose, California
651:Central office codes
585:numbering plan area
579:District of Columbia
478:numbering plan areas
244:numbering plan areas
231:interconnected with
176:numbering plan areas
80:International access
34:. For the list, see
6558:U.S. Virgin Islands
6167:U.S. Virgin Islands
6010:Trinidad and Tobago
5855:Antigua and Barbuda
5291:Johann Philipp Reis
5050:Wireless revolution
5012:The Telephone Cases
4869:Hydraulic telegraph
4207:. 28 December 2020.
4015:. 1960. p. 516
3989:The Virginian-Pilot
3368:Pennsylvania 6-5000
3333:television programs
3313:The Volunteer State
3245:PEnnsylvania 6-5000
3007:Trinidad and Tobago
2452:Antigua and Barbuda
2303:system since 1993.
2242:open numbering plan
2150:Trinidad and Tobago
1946:operator assistance
1711:U.S. Virgin Islands
1663:U.S. Virgin Islands
1574:seven-digit dialing
1244:. The prefix digit
724:
701:seven-digit dialing
673:operator assistance
631:) were reserved as
501:telephone exchanges
316:British West Indies
265:Alameda, California
196:destination routing
139:(AT&T) for the
5920:Dominican Republic
5489:Frequency-division
5466:Telephone exchange
5336:Charles Wheatstone
5266:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
5241:Innocenzo Manzetti
5176:Reginald Fessenden
4911:Optical telegraphy
4744:Telecommunications
3982:2008-03-16 at the
3793:. 15 October 2018.
3315:, the nickname of
3250:Hotel Pennsylvania
3156:
2691:Dominican Republic
2555:https://www.ra.bm/
2470:2022-01-27 at the
2361:letter assignments
2339:Cable and Wireless
2257:Number portability
2249:, after which the
2057:Plant test numbers
2042:suicide prevention
1807:Dialing procedures
1587:, assigned to the
1493:dedicated overlays
1266:Translation Bureau
1080:denotes any digit
897:all-number calling
889:All-number calling
720:
716:All-number calling
695:Dialing procedures
620:in this position.
490:Canadian provinces
371:Dominican Republic
224:
6798:Telephone numbers
6770:
6769:
6748:
6747:
6683:Telephone numbers
6649:
6648:
6544:Northern Marianas
6213:
6212:
5802:
5801:
5540:Store and forward
5535:Data transmission
5449:Network switching
5400:Transmission line
5246:Guglielmo Marconi
5211:Internet pioneers
5076:Mohamed M. Atalla
5045:Whistled language
4646:. April 17, 1999.
4628:. 28 August 2017.
4255:. 28 January 2021
3911:, AT&T (1980)
3378:" was written by
3366:swing jazz tune "
3224:
3223:
3121:
3120:
2373:Country/Territory
2314:toll-free numbers
2164:. The country of
2002:wireless operator
1912:
1911:
1765:
1764:
1722:Northern Marianas
1460:
1459:
1452:
1176:
1175:
886:
885:
705:Ten-digit dialing
404:(NANPA, formerly
290:Foreign expansion
95:
94:
16:(Redirected from
6805:
6692:
6691:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6653:
6652:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6217:
6216:
6132:Saint BarthΓ©lemy
6092:Falkland Islands
6037:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5806:
5805:
5792:
5791:
5782:
5781:
5772:
5771:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5633:Notable networks
5623:Wireless network
5563:Cellular network
5555:Types of network
5530:Computer network
5417:Network topology
5331:Thomas A. Watson
5186:Oliver Heaviside
5171:Philo Farnsworth
5146:Daniel Davis Jr.
5121:Charles Bourseul
5081:John Logie Baird
4790:Data compression
4785:Computer network
4737:
4730:
4723:
4714:
4713:
4708:Official website
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4680:"867-5309/Jenny"
4676:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4658:, April 29, 1999
4653:
4647:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4579:. Archived from
4573:
4567:
4566:
4558:
4552:
4543:
4537:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4512:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4476:
4470:
4461:
4455:
4448:
4442:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4332:. Archived from
4331:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4307:
4301:. Archived from
4300:
4292:
4286:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4248:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4139:. Archived from
4125:
4119:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4055:
4052:why all numbers?
4048:
4037:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4007:
4001:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3944:
3938:
3931:
3925:
3918:
3912:
3904:
3895:
3891:AT&T (1955)
3889:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3662:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3605:. Archived from
3599:
3593:
3586:
3580:
3573:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3479:. Archived from
3473:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3442:
3376:Beechwood 4-5789
3231:and, in Europe,
3140:
3139:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2595:
2594:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2370:
2369:
2277:(LECs) to offer
2018:utility location
1826:
1825:
1684:
1683:
1455:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1412:
1404:
1111:
1087:
1086:
936:
933:
725:
719:
355:French Caribbean
343:Central American
184:telephone number
48:
41:
40:
21:
6813:
6812:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6744:
6686:
6680:
6650:
6645:
6584:
6563:
6494:U.S. Government
6257:
6244:
6214:
6209:
6187:Central America
6171:
6046:
6038:
6029:
5846:
5839:
5833:
5803:
5798:
5758:
5756:
5748:
5690:
5627:
5549:
5513:
5470:
5419:
5411:
5352:
5345:
5251:Robert Metcalfe
5106:Tim Berners-Lee
5054:
4874:Information Age
4746:
4741:
4704:
4699:
4698:
4689:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4654:
4650:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4586:
4584:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4561:Administrator.
4559:
4555:
4544:
4540:
4529:
4525:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4495:
4486:
4477:
4473:
4462:
4458:
4449:
4445:
4436:
4432:
4423:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4336:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4228:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4113:
4109:
4100:
4096:
4087:
4080:
4071:
4069:
4062:
4058:
4049:
4040:
4031:
4027:
4018:
4016:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3984:Wayback Machine
3975:
3971:
3962:
3960:
3945:
3941:
3932:
3928:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3898:
3890:
3877:
3868:
3866:
3851:
3847:
3838:
3836:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3773:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3665:
3655:
3651:
3642:
3638:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3506:
3499:
3495:
3486:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3412:
3384:The Marvelettes
3329:
3138:
3090:
3088:
3055:
3053:
3028:
3026:
3000:
2998:
2973:
2971:
2945:
2943:
2917:
2915:
2890:
2888:
2858:
2856:
2833:
2831:
2806:
2804:
2775:
2773:
2747:
2745:
2719:
2717:
2684:
2682:
2652:
2650:
2625:
2623:
2589:
2563:
2561:
2536:
2534:
2508:
2506:
2480:
2478:
2472:Wayback Machine
2445:
2443:
2417:
2415:
2389:
2387:
2353:Caribbean codes
2348:
2309:
2259:
2230:
2172:force, 311 for
2065:ringback number
1938:
1932:
1809:
1776:
1770:
1705:
1651:
1618:
1565:
1563:Growth problems
1530:in Alabama and
1456:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1425:
1413:
1402:
1361:subscriber pays
1344:cellular phones
1340:
1302:
1254:
1106:
1105:
1054:
1034:
934:
928:
878:
759:
754:
749:
744:
732:
722:
718:
697:
653:
559:
505:central offices
474:
442:
425:Lockheed Martin
398:
359:Dutch Caribbean
292:
216:
198:address in the
165:plenary control
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6811:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6703:
6701:
6695:
6688:
6687:
6679:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6656:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6533:
6530:American Samoa
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6469:South Carolina
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6434:North Carolina
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6243:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6220:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6147:Sint Eustatius
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6082:Cayman Islands
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6040:
6039:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5841:
5840:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5809:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5786:
5776:
5766:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5484:Space-division
5480:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5321:Camille Tissot
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5296:Claude Shannon
5293:
5288:
5286:Tivadar PuskΓ‘s
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5256:Antonio Meucci
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5226:Charles K. Kao
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5201:Harold Hopkins
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5101:Emile Berliner
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5040:Videotelephony
5037:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5015:
5008:
5003:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4943:
4938:
4936:Radiotelephone
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4822:Internet video
4814:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4740:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4703:
4702:External links
4700:
4697:
4696:
4671:
4660:
4648:
4638:Brewer, Bill.
4631:
4617:
4593:
4568:
4553:
4538:
4523:
4507:
4471:
4456:
4443:
4430:
4405:
4380:
4366:
4342:
4339:on 2020-02-19.
4318:
4287:
4275:AT&T plans
4266:
4235:
4210:
4196:
4182:
4168:
4154:
4120:
4107:
4094:
4078:
4068:. Mental Floss
4056:
4038:
4025:
4002:
3969:
3939:
3926:
3913:
3896:
3875:
3845:
3808:
3796:
3782:
3771:
3746:
3737:
3723:
3663:
3649:
3636:
3619:
3594:
3581:
3563:
3542:
3515:
3493:
3468:
3454:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3400:867-5309/Jenny
3388:Wilson Pickett
3339:often use the
3328:
3325:
3297:East Tennessee
3222:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3064:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3009:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2867:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2693:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2661:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:Cayman Islands
2620:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2396:American Samoa
2384:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2347:
2344:
2308:
2305:
2267:47 U.S.C.
2258:
2255:
2229:
2226:
2198:European Union
2176:, and 511 for
2162:United Kingdom
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2053:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1931:
1928:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1808:
1805:
1772:Main article:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:American Samoa
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1679:American Samoa
1650:
1647:
1627:number pooling
1617:
1614:
1564:
1561:
1458:
1457:
1416:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1377:nuisance calls
1339:
1336:
1301:
1298:
1262:(NPA) NXX-XXXX
1253:
1250:
1212:
1211:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1133:Central office
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1107:often denoted
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:Number ranges
1094:
1091:
1053:
1050:
1033:
1030:
927:
924:
884:
883:
880:
877:152 area codes
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
860:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
845:
842:
839:
836:
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:Central office
756:
751:
746:
740:
739:
735:
734:
729:
717:
714:
696:
693:
652:
649:
558:
555:
473:
470:
446:telephone call
441:
440:Numbering plan
438:
436:other bidder.
406:Administration
397:
396:Administration
394:
320:British Empire
291:
288:
215:
212:
188:central office
93:
92:
86:
85:
82:
76:
75:
72:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6810:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6728:South America
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6718:North America
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6684:
6677:
6672:
6670:
6665:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6514:West Virginia
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6414:New Hampshire
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6374:Massachusetts
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:United States
6260:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6241:
6236:
6234:
6229:
6227:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6206:
6205:
6204:South America
6201:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6181:North America
6178:
6177:
6174:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6097:French Guiana
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6015:United States
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5830:
5825:
5823:
5818:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5795:
5787:
5785:
5777:
5775:
5767:
5765:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5744:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5509:Code-division
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:Time-division
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:and switching
5418:
5414:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5371:optical fiber
5369:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5361:Coaxial cable
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5276:Radia Perlman
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5166:Lee de Forest
5164:
5162:
5161:Thomas Edison
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:Donald Davies
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5136:Claude Chappe
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Smoke signals
4978:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4958:Semiconductor
4956:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4817:Digital media
4815:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4664:
4657:
4652:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4627:
4621:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4583:on 2011-07-18
4582:
4578:
4572:
4564:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4527:
4520:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4460:
4453:
4447:
4440:
4434:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4376:
4370:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4335:
4328:
4322:
4308:on 2015-01-18
4304:
4297:
4291:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4239:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4206:
4200:
4192:
4186:
4178:
4172:
4164:
4158:
4143:on 2013-01-18
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4117:
4111:
4104:
4098:
4092:(1984), p.119
4091:
4085:
4083:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4035:
4029:
4014:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3800:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3775:
3761:on 2012-06-04
3760:
3756:
3755:"About NANPA"
3750:
3741:
3733:
3727:
3709:
3702:
3689:on 2012-09-07
3685:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3653:
3646:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3623:
3609:on 2012-06-04
3608:
3604:
3598:
3591:
3585:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3552:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3504:
3497:
3483:on 2015-10-09
3482:
3478:
3472:
3464:
3458:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3370:" written by
3369:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:area code 865
3303:was assigned
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:area code 423
3289:
3287:
3286:1-800-FLOWERS
3283:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3255:BUtterfield 8
3251:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:United States
3052:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2332:area code 900
2328:
2323:
2318:
2315:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:uses 211 for
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:Feature group
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1799:would become
1798:
1794:
1793:San Francisco
1790:
1786:
1780:
1775:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:area code 651
1590:
1586:
1585:area code 612
1581:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1536:area code 520
1533:
1532:area code 360
1529:
1528:area code 334
1525:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1501:area code 917
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1454:
1451:
1443:
1440:February 2014
1433:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1417:This section
1415:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1393:New York City
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:telemarketing
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1348:area code 600
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:area code 600
1326:. In Canada,
1325:
1324:area code 700
1320:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:For example,
1185:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:exchange code
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:mobile phones
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
892:
890:
882:640 CO codes
881:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
757:
752:
747:
742:
741:
737:
736:
727:
726:
713:
710:
706:
702:
692:
690:
685:
680:
678:
674:
671:was used for
670:
666:
662:
658:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:service codes
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
595:area code 219
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:area code 201
568:
564:
554:
552:
551:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
508:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
469:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
386:area code 721
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:, except for
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
301:
300:area code 809
297:
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
229:
220:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:North America
108:
104:
100:
91:
87:
83:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
6717:
6685:by continent
6556:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6474:South Dakota
6464:Rhode Island
6459:Pennsylvania
6439:North Dakota
6254:
6202:
6179:
6152:Sint Maarten
6137:Saint Martin
6044:Dependencies
5476:Multiplexing
5351:Transmission
5316:Nikola Tesla
5306:Henry Sutton
5261:Samuel Morse
5191:Robert Hooke
5156:Amos Dolbear
5091:John Bardeen
5010:
4990:Telautograph
4894:Mobile phone
4849:Edholm's law
4832:social media
4765:Broadcasting
4688:. Retrieved
4683:
4674:
4663:
4651:
4643:
4634:
4620:
4609:. Retrieved
4605:
4596:
4585:. Retrieved
4581:the original
4571:
4556:
4541:
4526:
4510:
4503:
4474:
4459:
4451:
4446:
4438:
4433:
4422:. Retrieved
4420:. 2023-11-30
4417:
4408:
4397:. Retrieved
4395:. 2020-07-16
4392:
4383:
4369:
4354:
4345:
4334:the original
4321:
4310:. Retrieved
4303:the original
4290:
4269:
4257:. Retrieved
4250:
4238:
4227:. Retrieved
4222:
4213:
4199:
4185:
4171:
4157:
4147:November 13,
4145:. Retrieved
4141:the original
4132:
4123:
4115:
4110:
4102:
4097:
4089:
4070:. Retrieved
4059:
4051:
4033:
4028:
4017:. Retrieved
4011:
4005:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3972:
3961:. Retrieved
3956:
3952:
3942:
3934:
3929:
3921:
3916:
3906:
3892:
3867:. Retrieved
3862:
3858:
3848:
3837:. Retrieved
3825:
3821:
3811:
3799:
3785:
3774:
3763:. Retrieved
3759:the original
3749:
3740:
3726:
3715:. Retrieved
3698:Updated by:
3691:. Retrieved
3684:the original
3657:
3652:
3644:
3639:
3628:
3622:
3611:. Retrieved
3607:the original
3597:
3589:
3584:
3576:
3555:. Retrieved
3545:
3531:(5): 851β9.
3528:
3524:
3518:
3507:. Retrieved
3501:ITU; ITU-T.
3496:
3485:. Retrieved
3481:the original
3471:
3457:
3440:
3404:Tommy Tutone
3372:Glenn Miller
3361:
3348:
3344:
3330:
3312:
3308:
3290:
3275:
3264:
3253:
3243:
3240:Glenn Miller
3237:
3225:
3122:
2980:Sint Maarten
2365:country code
2356:
2349:
2336:
2319:
2310:
2307:Toll charges
2294:
2287:
2260:
2251:country code
2246:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2222:trunk prefix
2217:
2213:
2194:
2160:, as in the
2147:
2142:
2129:
2073:
1939:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1755:Sint Maarten
1652:
1640:
1636:
1619:
1582:
1578:
1566:
1540:
1523:
1520:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1461:
1446:
1437:
1426:Please help
1421:verification
1418:
1389:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1341:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1285:+12505550199
1284:
1281:+1NPANXXXXXX
1280:
1270:
1261:
1258:NPA-NXX-XXXX
1257:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1238:country code
1235:
1230:
1226:
1223:NYX 555-XXXX
1222:
1221:of the form
1216:
1213:
1208:123 234-5678
1207:
1203:
1200:314 159-2653
1199:
1196:394 259-2653
1195:
1192:234 911-5678
1191:
1188:234 235-5678
1187:
1177:
1171:station code
1170:
1169:Also called
1164:
1160:
1156:Line number
1146:
1145:Also called
1139:
1118:
1108:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:NYX NXX-XXXX
1057:
1055:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1024:and digital
998:
978:
974:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
943:
939:
929:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
901:
896:
893:
887:
709:foreign area
708:
698:
688:
681:
676:
668:
660:
656:
654:
640:
636:
628:
624:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
599:
560:
548:
545:
525:Pennsylvania
509:
504:
498:
493:
481:
477:
475:
462:
443:
416:
410:
405:
401:
399:
382:Sint Maarten
379:
365:). The only
363:Sint Maarten
328:
324:All Red Line
305:
293:
283:
279:
275:
273:
251:
247:
243:
237:
225:
191:
175:
173:
134:
125:
121:and has the
119:World Zone 1
102:
98:
96:
70:Country code
64:Access codes
59:NYX NXX-XXXX
6611:El Salvador
6551:Puerto Rico
6389:Mississippi
6299:Connecticut
6122:Puerto Rico
6049:territories
5995:Saint Lucia
5930:El Salvador
5676:NPL network
5388:Radio waves
5326:Alfred Vail
5236:Hedy Lamarr
5221:Dawon Kahng
5181:Elisha Gray
5141:Yogen Dalal
5066:Nasir Ahmed
5000:Teleprinter
4864:Heliographs
4516:47 CFR
4497:47 CFR
4488:47 CFR
4273:See, e.g.,
4259:11 November
3920:W.H. Nunn,
3380:Marvin Gaye
2924:Saint Lucia
2865:Puerto Rico
2379:Letter code
2357:Letter code
2085:subscribers
2047:950-xxxx β
1698:Puerto Rico
1659:Puerto Rico
1524:last resort
1381:robocallers
1356:caller pays
1350:in Canada.
1332:900 numbers
1052:Modern plan
995:Los Angeles
983:San Antonio
935: 1973
682:The use of
486:U.S. states
375:Puerto Rico
308:territories
141:Bell System
6777:Categories
6740:Antarctica
6601:Costa Rica
6509:Washington
6424:New Mexico
6419:New Jersey
6289:California
6251:area codes
6117:Montserrat
6112:Martinique
6107:Guadeloupe
5905:Costa Rica
5722:Antarctica
5681:Toasternet
5603:Television
5086:Paul Baran
5018:Television
5002:(teletype)
4995:Telegraphy
4973:transistor
4951:Phryctoria
4921:Photophone
4899:Smartphone
4889:Mass media
4690:2017-06-28
4611:2018-09-27
4587:2009-03-13
4450:AT&T,
4437:AT&T,
4424:2024-02-01
4399:2021-12-06
4312:2015-01-18
4229:2022-02-10
4114:AT&T,
4072:2019-02-01
4019:2019-02-01
3963:2022-12-26
3933:AT&T,
3869:2023-07-11
3839:2023-07-11
3828:(3): 429.
3765:2015-06-23
3717:2011-08-08
3693:2011-08-08
3658:Green book
3643:AT&T,
3613:2011-11-05
3588:AT&T,
3575:AT&T,
3557:2007-06-08
3509:2015-07-25
3487:2015-10-23
3432:References
3278:phonewords
3229:ISO 9995-8
2813:Montserrat
2382:Regulator
2376:Area codes
2271:Β§ 251
2192:services.
2135:telephones
2132:Touch-Tone
2059:, such as
2022:telehealth
1934:See also:
1865:7D or 10D
1848:7D or 10D
1813:dial plans
1572:when only
1090:Component
1007:U.S. state
973:Requiring
872:920 β 999
858:820 β 899
844:720 β 799
830:620 β 699
816:520 β 599
802:420 β 499
788:320 β 399
774:220 β 299
738:100 β 199
567:New Jersey
533:California
250:or simply
233:tie trunks
228:beginnings
6636:Nicaragua
6616:Guatemala
6580:Caribbean
6519:Wisconsin
6479:Tennessee
6384:Minnesota
6359:Louisiana
6192:Caribbean
6102:Greenland
6025:Venezuela
5970:Nicaragua
5940:Guatemala
5860:Argentina
5845:Sovereign
5706:Americas
5695:Locations
5666:Internet2
5427:Bandwidth
5131:Vint Cerf
5028:streaming
5006:Telephone
4946:Semaphore
4837:streaming
3331:American
3317:Tennessee
3301:Knoxville
3260:Manhattan
2190:ambulance
2178:ambulance
2083:Caller ID
2052:possible.
1553:BellSouth
1319:numbers.
1289:plus sign
1014:landlines
1003:toll call
869:912 β 919
863:900 β 910
855:812 β 819
849:800 β 810
841:712 β 719
835:700 β 710
827:612 β 619
821:600 β 610
813:512 β 519
807:500 β 510
799:412 β 419
793:400 β 410
785:312 β 319
779:300 β 310
771:212 β 219
765:200 β 210
728:000 β 099
335:Greenland
294:Although
252:area code
180:area code
115:Caribbean
6723:Americas
6626:Honduras
6504:Virginia
6449:Oklahoma
6429:New York
6404:Nebraska
6394:Missouri
6379:Michigan
6369:Maryland
6354:Kentucky
6334:Illinois
6304:Delaware
6294:Colorado
6284:Arkansas
6057:Anguilla
6005:Suriname
5980:Paraguay
5955:Honduras
5915:Dominica
5900:Colombia
5870:Barbados
5837:Americas
5774:Category
5661:Internet
5651:CYCLADES
5568:Ethernet
5518:Concepts
5442:terminal
5393:wireless
5216:Bob Kahn
5059:Pioneers
4884:Internet
4775:Cable TV
4361:Archived
3980:Archived
3959:(4): 181
3708:Archived
3410:See also
3392:634-5789
3347:5 and KL
3282:mnemonic
3146:Letters
2659:Dominica
2515:Barbados
2468:Archived
2424:Anguilla
2180:, while
2166:Barbados
2154:Dominica
2145:symbol.
2044:helpline
2016:β local
1936:N11 code
1661:and the
1597:St. Paul
1512:Telex II
1488:overlays
1308:(ERCs).
1229:through
1060:, where
987:Maryland
954:, where
541:Michigan
517:Illinois
513:New York
488:and the
417:Bellcore
357:and the
331:polities
326:system.
248:NPA code
192:exchange
113:and the
6733:Oceania
6524:Wyoming
6499:Vermont
6399:Montana
6339:Indiana
6319:Georgia
6314:Florida
6279:Arizona
6269:Alabama
6253:in the
6087:Curaçao
6072:Bonaire
6067:Bermuda
6020:Uruguay
5960:Jamaica
5935:Grenada
5925:Ecuador
5880:Bolivia
5865:Bahamas
5794:Commons
5784:Outline
5737:Oceania
5656:FidoNet
5641:ARPANET
5454:circuit
5023:digital
4752:History
4547:FCC Rcd
4532:FCC Rcd
4504:et seq.
4480:FCC Rcd
4465:FCC Rcd
4137:Neustar
3592:(1975).
3579:(1968).
3343:, or KL
3271:Detroit
3220:WXY(Z)
3204:P(Q)RS
2782:Jamaica
2726:Grenada
2543:Bermuda
2487:Bahamas
2301:RespOrg
2182:Jamaica
1687:Bermuda
1623:Neustar
1544:Atlanta
1359:calls (
1275:by the
899:(ANC).
748:Service
647:(TWX).
591:Chicago
583:Indiana
429:Neustar
296:Bermuda
214:History
105:) is a
6713:Europe
6699:Africa
6641:Panama
6631:Mexico
6596:Belize
6589:Former
6575:Canada
6454:Oregon
6409:Nevada
6349:Kansas
6324:Hawaii
6274:Alaska
5975:Panama
5965:Mexico
5945:Guyana
5890:Canada
5885:Brazil
5875:Belize
5847:states
5732:Europe
5702:Africa
5686:Usenet
5646:BITNET
5583:Mobile
5459:packet
4968:MOSFET
4963:device
4760:Beacon
4519:1.1204
4441:(1975)
4281:, and
3398:song "
3349:ondike
3337:movies
3311:, for
3126:Contel
3094:
3073:, ...
3059:
3032:
3004:
2977:
2949:
2921:
2894:
2862:
2837:
2810:
2779:
2751:
2723:
2688:
2670:Roseau
2656:
2629:
2608:, ...
2597:Canada
2567:
2540:
2512:
2484:
2449:
2421:
2393:
2269:
2170:police
1908:1+10D
1902:1+10D
1891:1+10D
1888:1+10D
1874:1+10D
1868:1+10D
1857:1+10D
1854:1+10D
1483:splits
1400:Growth
1287:. The
1099:Notes
1076:, and
760:codes
675:, and
539:, and
527:, and
353:, the
341:, the
130:Mexico
56:Format
6762:E.123
6621:Haiti
6568:Other
6484:Texas
6364:Maine
6329:Idaho
6247:Lists
6062:Aruba
5950:Haiti
5895:Chile
5715:South
5710:North
5671:JANET
5608:Telex
5598:Radio
5437:Nodes
5432:Links
5353:media
4931:Radio
4916:Pager
4844:Drums
4810:video
4805:image
4795:audio
4550:12351
4500:52.20
4337:(PDF)
4330:(PDF)
4306:(PDF)
4299:(PDF)
4247:(PDF)
3865:: 101
3711:(PDF)
3704:(PDF)
3687:(PDF)
3680:(PDF)
3505:. ITU
3449:(PDF)
3402:" by
3345:amath
3242:tune
3233:E.161
3143:Digit
2668:ROS (
2322:scams
2090:trace
1950:00 β
1468:modem
1273:E.164
1153:XXXX
1135:code
1093:Name
993:, to
952:N X X
755:codes
750:codes
745:codes
689:2L-5N
629:N=2β9
529:Texas
433:Somos
351:Haiti
263:, to
208:E.164
6706:Asia
6606:Cuba
6537:Guam
6489:Utah
6444:Ohio
6344:Iowa
6127:Saba
6047:and
5985:Peru
5910:Cuba
5727:Asia
5613:UUCP
5573:ISDN
4535:8401
4483:8355
4468:8353
4261:2023
4149:2021
4133:NANP
3396:1981
3382:for
3364:1940
3335:and
3238:The
3212:TUV
3196:MNO
3188:JKL
3180:GHI
3172:DEF
3164:ABC
2754:Guam
2295:The
2261:The
2188:and
2186:fire
2174:fire
2156:use
2152:and
1944:0 β
1905:10D
1899:10D
1885:10D
1882:10D
1871:10D
1851:10D
1801:4915
1789:x9xx
1733:Guam
1675:Guam
1673:and
1608:and
1595:for
1485:and
1375:and
1236:The
1231:0199
1227:0100
1165:9999
1161:0000
1129:NXX
1026:VoIP
1020:for
1018:moot
962:and
753:Area
743:Area
659:and
616:and
537:Iowa
521:Ohio
499:The
373:and
347:Cuba
284:NANP
190:(or
103:NANP
97:The
6249:of
5618:WAN
5588:NGN
5578:LAN
4859:Fax
4800:DCT
4545:10
4530:11
4478:11
4463:11
3996:or
3830:doi
3533:doi
3309:VOL
3102:340
3075:989
3071:202
3067:201
3040:649
3016:TNT
3012:868
2985:721
2961:SVG
2957:784
2933:SLU
2929:758
2902:869
2878:PUR
2874:939
2870:787
2845:670
2818:664
2791:658
2787:876
2759:671
2735:GRE
2731:473
2704:849
2700:829
2696:809
2664:767
2637:345
2610:905
2606:226
2602:204
2579:BVI
2575:284
2548:441
2524:BIM
2520:246
2496:BHA
2492:242
2461:ANT
2457:268
2433:ANG
2429:264
2401:684
2327:809
2247:011
2218:800
2212:'s
2206:GSM
2202:112
2158:999
2038:988
2028:911
2014:811
2008:711
1998:611
1992:511
1986:411
1980:311
1974:211
1958:011
1797:415
1795:'s
1667:809
1610:952
1606:763
1516:610
1464:fax
1430:by
1317:500
1260:or
1163:to
1140:N11
1109:NPA
1104:NYX
1082:0β9
1074:0-8
1066:2β9
1040:or
979:N10
968:0β9
960:2β9
942:or
922:).
920:999
916:000
906:to
866:911
852:811
838:711
824:611
810:511
796:411
782:311
768:211
641:N10
637:N00
625:N11
597:).
587:317
575:202
482:NPA
84:011
6779::
4682:.
4642:.
4604:.
4494:,
4491:52
4416:.
4391:.
4359:.
4353:.
4277:,
4249:.
4221:.
4135:.
4131:.
4081:^
4041:^
3986:,
3957:26
3955:.
3951:.
3899:^
3878:^
3863:24
3861:.
3857:.
3824:.
3820:.
3666:^
3566:^
3529:31
3527:.
3069:,
2872:,
2789:,
2702:,
2698:,
2604:,
2224:.
2214:00
2040:β
2030:β
1634:.
1466:,
1334:.
1206:.
1182:.
1084:.
1068:,
950:,
932:c.
912:11
535:,
523:,
519:,
460:.
349:,
337:,
267:.
171:.
6675:e
6668:t
6661:v
6239:e
6232:t
6225:v
5828:e
5821:t
5814:v
5745:)
5741:(
4736:e
4729:t
4722:v
4693:.
4614:.
4590:.
4565:.
4427:.
4402:.
4377:.
4315:.
4285:.
4263:.
4232:.
4193:.
4179:.
4165:.
4151:.
4075:.
4022:.
3998:1
3994:0
3966:.
3872:.
3842:.
3832::
3826:9
3768:.
3734:.
3720:.
3696:.
3633:.
3616:.
3560:.
3539:.
3535::
3512:.
3490:.
3465:.
3451:.
3295:(
3217:9
3209:8
3201:7
3193:6
3185:5
3177:4
3169:3
3161:2
2847:*
2761:*
2672:)
2403:*
2265:(
2143:*
2099:)
1818:1
1785:9
1453:)
1447:(
1442:)
1438:(
1424:.
1294:1
1246:1
1242:1
1204:1
1078:X
1070:Y
1062:N
1042:1
1038:0
999:1
975:1
966:=
964:X
958:=
956:N
944:1
940:0
918:β
908:9
904:2
677:1
669:0
661:1
657:0
627:(
618:1
614:0
610:0
606:0
602:1
593:(
480:(
415:(
126:1
101:(
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