Northwest Indian War

1528:(Lenape) and Kekewepelethy in attendance. The confederacy presented its ultimatum: the Ohio River was the only acceptable boundary, and forts and settlers north of the river must be removed. The commissioners replied that since lands north of the Ohio had already been sold and settled by Americans, those lands could not be returned. The Native delegates returned to the Maumee to confer with the council. Brant once again argued for compromise, but he lost out to the militants, who had the support of Alexander McKee. On August 13, the confederacy sent a written declaration to the U.S. commissioners, signed by representatives of all the nations except the Iroquois. According to Sugden (2000), this document was "the defiant and frank sentiments of proud, undefeated peoples, asserting their independence and sovereignty and rebutting the pretensions of those who would dispossess and humble them." The confederacy offered a solution: the U.S. should use the money it would spend on buying land and fighting a war and instead pay the settlers to relocate south of the Ohio River. These terms were unacceptable to the Americans, and the commissioners replied that "the negotiation is therefore at an end." Back on the Maumee, Brant bitterly announced the Iroquois could no longer assist the confederacy in the fighting that was sure to follow and the Iroquois must now "remove our people from among the Americans." 1178:, his Miami counterpart, dispatched messengers calling for the warriors to regroup. They managed to collect about 600 men to oppose Harmar's army. This was not enough men to face the largest army most of them had ever seen, so they evacuated the noncombatants from the towns on October 14 and watched for an opportunity to strike. Harmar's advance detachment under John Hardin reached Kekionga on October 15 and spent the next few days looting and burning Native towns, as well as destroying the crops. On October 19, Hardin led 180 men on a reconnaissance mission to discover a Native war party thought to be nearby. About 16 miles from Kekionga, Hardin's scattered men were ambushed and routed by about 150 Shawnee and Potawatomi warriors. Soon after, the Natives received additional reinforcements of Odawas, 1666:

divided his infantry into two wings, the right commanded by Wilkinson, the other by Hamtramck. The Legion's cavalry secured the right along the Maumee River. General Scott provided a brigade of mounted militia to guard the open left flank, while the rest of the Kentucky militia formed a reserve. Once contact had been established, U.S. scouts identified the location of Confederacy warriors, and Wayne ordered an immediate bayonet charge. Legion dragoons also charged and attacked with sabres. Blue Jacket's warriors fled from the battlefield to regroup at nearby Fort Miami but found the doors of the fort locked by the British garrison. (Britain and the United States were by then reaching a close

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council to bypass Forts Recovery and Greenville and attack the American supply lines, cutting off Wayne's Legion. Recently arrived Three Fire leaders, whose warriors comprised the majority of the army, favored attacking a convoy near Fort Recovery. They prevailed in the council, and so on June 30 warriors ambushed the convoy then rushed the fort, but they were driven off by American musket fire and artillery. The attack's failure discouraged the Three Fires contingent, who accused the Shawnees of insufficient support. They went home, depriving Blue Jacket of about half his army, which returned to the Glaize. After the battle, Little Turtle and

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because the Iroquois had not participated in the war. Nevertheless, Brant spoke for the delegation, asking if the commissioners were authorized to create a new boundary line and inquiring why Wayne's army was preparing for war while peace negotiations were underway. The commissioners assured Brant they were authorized to negotiate a boundary and that hostilities had been officially suspended. Brant returned to the Maumee and reported to the confederacy, and although he had some supporters, he was denounced for not insisting on the Ohio River boundary. A new delegation (without Brant) was sent to meet the commissioners on the Detroit River.

341: 330: 227: 215: 149: 591: 1688:. When Campbell asked the meaning of the encampment, Wayne replied that the answer had already been given by the sound of their muskets and the retreat of the Indians. The next day, Wayne rode alone to Fort Miami and slowly conducted an inspection of the fort's exterior walls. The British garrison debated whether to engage Wayne, but in the absence of orders and being already at war with France, Campbell declined to fire the first shot at the United States. The Legion, meanwhile, destroyed Indian villages and crops in the region of Fort Deposit and burned Alexander McKee's trading post within sight of Fort Miami before withdrawing. 1389:, who had led the settlement of Marietta, was commissioned a brigadier general and tasked with arranging a truce with the Northwestern Confederacy. Alarmed by the killing of the previous emissaries, he instead went to Vincennes and in September 1792 negotiated a treaty with tribes of the lower Wabash River. Knox believed this treaty had weakened the confederacy by 800 warriors, though in fact the signers were not militant members of the confederacy. In any event, the U.S. Senate ultimately rejected the treaty because it did not specify that 1190:

detachment of 400 men to return to Kekionga and attack any Natives who might reoccupy the town. This raid was led by Major John P. Wyllys, a regular army officer, with Hardin serving under him and commanding the militia. As they approached Kekionga, Wyllys divided his men, hoping to surround and trap the Natives. Instead, the Natives again ambushed the Americans and defeated them piecemeal, the survivors barely managing to regroup with Harmar's army. Blue Jacket and Little Turtle hoped to strike again at Harmar's retreating army, but a

486: 1306:. Just before dawn on November 4, a Native force of more than 1,000 warriors led by Little Turtle and Blue Jacket launched a surprise attack. Their first target was the militia, which had camped on the north side of the river. The militia retreated in panic back across the river, causing confusion in the American camp. The Americans, finding themselves surrounded, tried to organize a defense, made difficult because the Natives fired from cover, targeting officers and artillerymen. Lieutenant Colonel 1938: 1731: 8526: 1430: 798: 8502: 1954: 1654:, where an ambush had been set by the Confederacy. The Legion had been reduced to about 3,000 soldiers and militia, with many soldiers defending the supply trains and forts. Blue Jacket had selected a battlefield where a tornado had felled hundreds of trees, creating a natural defensive barrier. Here he placed confederation forces of about 1,500 warriors: Blue Jacket's Shawnees, Delawares led by Buckongahelas, Miamis led by Little Turtle, Wyandots led by Tarhe and 1635: 8454: 8418: 61: 8490: 8464: 1550: 2050: 1225: 1129: 5464: 1681:.) The entire battle lasted little more than an hour. The Legion had significant casualties, with 33 men killed and 100 wounded. The Confederacy had between 19 and 40 warriors killed and an unknown number wounded. The battle fostered distrust between the Native nations and between the confederacy and the British; it was the last time the Northwestern Confederacy gathered a large military force to oppose the United States. 507: 605: 563: 619: 521: 8514: 577: 549: 535: 1911:

of 1790 to 1795." Sugden (2000) gives an earlier start date, referring to the "Indian war of 1786 to 1795." A 2001 study suggests naming the conflict the "Miami Confederacy War," but Grenier (2005) disagrees, since the war involved Ohio Native tribes, and suggests the "Ohio Indian War of 1790–1795" instead, although noting historians had taken to calling it the "Northwest Indian War."

1354: 1299:. As the slow march toward Kekionga continued, the expedition was plagued with food shortages, plummeting morale, and frequent desertions. On October 31, St. Clair sent the First Infantry Regiment southward to prevent deserters from plundering the supply convoy, depriving his army of 300 of its best troops and leaving him with about 1,400 people, including noncombatants. 1288:. Wilkinson killed 9 Wea and Miami, and captured 34 Miami as prisoners, including a daughter of Miami war chief Little Turtle. Many of the confederation leaders were considering terms of peace to present to the United States, but when they received news of Wilkinson's raid, they readied for war. Wilkinson's raid thus had the opposite effect. 1253:. Although these raids were limited in success, Sword (1985) argues they "significantly altered the course of frontier history," demonstrating that American settlement north of the Ohio River could not proceed until the United States defeated the Natives. Other Native attacks followed in the coming months. 1210:

impression upon the result of the late expedition," Knox wrote to Harmar, "is that it has been unsuccessful; that it will not induce the Indians to peace, but on the contrary encourage them to a continuance of hostilities, and that, therefore, another and more efficient expedition must be undertaken."

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the "Northwest Indian War, Indiana". A frequently cited 1964 PhD dissertation calls it the "Northwest Indian War, 1784–1795." In other publications of this era, it was known as "Little Turtle's War." In the first book-length study of the war, Sword (1985) refers to it as the "United States-Indian War

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After the end of hostilities, large numbers of United States settlers migrated to the Northwest Territory. Many made unscrupulous land deals with the Native nations, forcing General Wilkinson to invalidate them in a 1796 proclamation. Five years after the Treaty of Greenville, Ohio was split from the

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Fort Lernoult and Fort Miami were abandoned by the British in 1796 as a condition of the Jay Treaty. After two decades of efforts to take Detroit, U.S. forces under Colonel Hamtramck occupied Fort Lernoult the next day. The U.S. renamed Fort Lernoult to Fort Detroit and abandoned Fort Miami in 1799.

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Wayne's Legion finally arrived at Kekionga on September 17, 1794, and Wayne personally selected the site for a new U.S. fort. Wayne wanted a strong fort built, capable of withstanding possible attacks by Indians and more specifically heavy British artillery, along with their forces from Fort Detroit.

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In February 1794, Lord Dorchester told an Iroquois delegation in Quebec that Great Britain could be at war with the United States within the year and that Native lands lost to the Americans would be restored. Dorchester ordered Simcoe to build a fort on the Maumee to defend Detroit from the advancing

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In January 1794, the confederacy sent a delegation to Fort Greenville to arrange the release of two Lenape women held by the Americans. A Lenape chief asked if Wayne was willing to hold peace talks. Wayne said he would only negotiate if the Natives recalled their war parties and released all American

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as their hunting grounds had not been consulted in the treaty and denied that the Iroquois had the right to sell the land. In the early 1770s, the Shawnees worked to create a new Native confederacy to resist colonial occupation, but British officials successfully used the Iroquois to isolate them. As

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received more attention, their fates were determined during wars of the 1790s. American historians of the 19th century largely ignored this war, which did not fit their patriotic narrative. As such, there is no standard name or starting date for this war. According to Hogeland (2017), "The first war

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The United States also negotiated the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. Utilizing St. Clair's defeat and Fort Recovery as a reference point, the Greenville Treaty Line forced the northwest Native American tribes to cede southern and eastern Ohio and various tracts of land around forts and settlements in

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north of Fort Jefferson. "I am at a loss to determine what the savages are about, and where they are," he wrote to Knox in November. The Natives were having logistical problems of their own, with many warriors scattering for the winter hunt. The Legion wintered at Fort Greenville, but on December 23

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At Niagara, the U.S. commissioners were visited by a Native delegation led by Brant. Although Brant had been one of the principal organizers of the Northwestern Confederacy, he was now regarded with suspicion by the more militant members because of his willingness to negotiate with the Americans and

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St. Clair's devastating loss destroyed most of the United States Army and left the United States vulnerable. The British refused to leave the ceded land and continued their influence in Native American politics. Washington was also under congressional investigation and was compelled to quickly raise

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Odawa and Potawatomi under Little Otter and Egushawa occupied the center and initiated the attack against the Legion's scouts. Front elements of the Legion's columns initially collapsed under pursuing Native Americans. Wayne immediately committed his reserves to the center to halt their advance and

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Upon learning that negotiations had failed, Wayne advanced, reaching Fort Jefferson on October 13 with 2,600 men. On October 17, an Odawa war party under Little Otter attacked a supply convoy south of Fort Jefferson, killing fifteen and capturing ten. Wayne was compelled to use more troops to guard

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After Harmar's campaign, Natives rebuilt their villages around Kekionga, although some relocated to other locations. Natives did not typically go to war in winter, but they followed up their victory over Harmar with raids on American settlements north of the Ohio River. On January 2, 1791, Wyandots

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to new settlements. However, numerous Native American peoples inhabited this region and were unaware of the British ceding land or the results of the war with the newly formed United States. The British maintained a strong military presence and continued policies that supported their Native allies.

1472:. Wayne believed the previous expeditions had failed due to lack of discipline, and so he thoroughly trained his troops, flogging soldiers for infractions and hanging deserters. By May 5, 1793, the Legion had relocated to a camp near Fort Washington, where Wayne awaited word to begin his invasion. 1197:

Blue Jacket, disappointed with the lost opportunity, headed for Detroit where he sought British help in opposing the next, inevitable American invasion. "We now, Father, call for your assistance," he said. The British commander at Detroit was noncommittal. When Blue Jacket's request was relayed to

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as Native land. When St. Clair dismissed the idea, Brant boycotted the negotiations and suggested others do the same. The Northwestern Confederacy was deeply divided. Those living closest to the Americans supported compromise. Those further away – the Miamis, Lenapes and Shawnees around Kekionga –

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between France and Great Britain in 1793, Simcoe faced a dilemma. He had to keep peace with the United States to avoid opening another front in the war with France, while at the same time maintain British influence among the Natives in case they were needed to help defend Upper Canada against the

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When Red Jacket reported the decision of council to an American official in November, he omitted the confederacy's demands about the Ohio River boundary and the destruction of the forts. As a result, the Americans were given an erroneous impression that the confederacy was prepared to accept U.S.

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Wayne died during a return trip to Pennsylvania from a military post in Detroit on December 15, 1796, one year after the ratification of the Treaty of Greenville. Wayne's second in command, General Wilkinson, was named as the new commander of U.S. forces. It was later learned that Wilkinson had

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spoke on behalf of the confederacy. Red Pole denounced the Iroquois for meeting privately with the Americans to discuss further land cessions. "We do not want compensation" from the Americans, said Red Pole. "We want restitution of our country." After much debate, the council endorsed Red Pole's

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While the American army was being readied, Washington and Knox engaged in diplomacy, hoping to buy time to prepare and to appease Americans opposed to the war. In March 1792, fifty Iroquois leaders met with U.S. officials in Philadelphia where they were asked to attend an upcoming council of the

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In response to Harmar's defeat, Congress expanded the U.S. Army to two regiments in March 1791. Washington appointed Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory, as major general in command. St. Clair was ordered to mount another punitive expedition to the Maumee River, where he was to

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Harmar's expedition had ended in defeat, with a total of 183 killed and missing. The Miamis on the other hand had lost nearly a tenth of their military manpower. Harmar's military career was over, and his campaign was regarded as a "national embarrassment" that needed to be avenged. "The general

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The Native army marching toward Fort Recovery numbered 1,200 warriors, the largest force the confederacy had yet fielded. Unlike the Americans, the Natives did not have an overall commander. Instead, military decisions were made by a council of leading chiefs and warriors. Blue Jacket urged the

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On October 21, Harmar declared that his objective—the destruction of the towns—had been fulfilled, and so the army would return to Fort Washington. The expedition had destroyed five Miami towns and 20,000 bushels of their corn. They marched south, but the following day, Harmar agreed to allow a

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characterize the United States' campaigns in the Northwest Territory as attempted genocide, citing descriptions by Secretary of War Henry Knox of the Shawnee, Cherokee, and Wabash as "banditti" and subsequent orders to "extirpate, utterly, if possible, the said banditti." They argue that the

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After St. Clair's defeat, the U.S. Congress launched an investigation of the disaster. Although St. Clair remained as territorial governor, he was forced to resign his military position. President Washington urged Congress to raise an army capable of defeating the British-backed Northwestern

1072:, which merely confirmed the terms of the previous, disputed treaties. "I am persuaded their general confederacy is entirely broken," wrote St. Clair. Instead of breaking the confederacy, St. Clair had discredited Natives willing to compromise and strengthened the influence of the militants. 1378:

to improve communications and logistics between Forts Hamilton and Jefferson. The next month, Knox sent emissaries to the Natives, including John Hardin and Major Alexander Truman, veterans of the earlier campaigns; they were both killed and scalped. In June, about 50 warriors attacked Fort

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declaring the recent treaties invalid because they had not been conducted with the whole confederacy. They called for a new treaty conference to be held in the spring of 1787. Until that time, the Natives suggested that each party should keep its people on their side of the Ohio River.

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At Fort Greenville, Wayne was delayed by supply problems, but the construction of Fort Miami compelled him to accelerate his schedule. Eager to begin operations, he impatiently awaited the arrival of a reinforcement of Kentucky militiamen. In late June, Wayne was joined by about 100

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The Natives, short on food after the destruction of their crops, scattered to hunt before winter set in. Little Turtle and Blue Jacket decided to abandon Kekionga, which had proven to be vulnerable to American raids, and relocate their towns at the confluence of the Maumee and

1915: 1023:, the Miami capital, were now inhabited by many of the most militant members of the Northwestern Confederacy. The next meeting of the confederacy had been scheduled to be held in the Shawnee towns, but with their destruction the location was moved to the Wyandot village of 1310:

led a bayonet charge, temporarily creating an opening for the Natives to enter the American encampment. After three hours of fighting, St. Clair ordered a retreat, abandoning many wounded and most of the army's equipment. Among the wounded left behind was Major General

1059:, the first American settlement north of the river. He was instructed to negotiate new treaties without surrendering any lands ceded in previous treaties, acquire more land if possible, and work to undermine the Native confederacy. In 1788, St. Clair invited Natives to 1374:

Northwestern Confederacy and present U.S. peace terms. The U.S. also tried approaching the Northwestern Confederacy directly, which proved to be difficult since the Americans continued to occupy forts north of the Ohio River. In March 1792, Wilkinson constructed

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the United States ever fought, in which the U.S. Army itself came into being, would never even be given a name." In 1914, a publication referred to the conflict as the "Northwest Indian Wars, Ohio" dating it from 1790 to 1795, although it also called the 1811

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of U.S. military forces. Accordingly, Washington directed the United States Army to enforce U.S. sovereignty over the territory. The U.S. Army, consisting mostly of untrained recruits and volunteer militiamen, suffered a series of major defeats, including the

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Within months of Fallen Timbers, the United States and Great Britain negotiated the Jay Treaty, which required British withdrawal from the Great Lakes forts while opening up some British territory in the Caribbean for American trade. The treaty also encoded

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and garrisoned it with 120 soldiers and an artillery detachment. Dorchester's words and actions caused an uproar in the United States; the construction of Fort Miami on what Americans regarded as their territory was considered an act of aggression. In May,

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at the western end of Lake Ontario, traveling by way of the Great Lakes to avoid the fates of John Hardin and Alexander Truman the previous year. Niagara was one of the forts still occupied by the British in defiance of the 1783 Paris treaty, but

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in the region to the federal government, which intended to pay debts from the Revolution by selling lands north of the Ohio River to American settlers. American officials refused to recognize the Native confederacy and instead pursued a policy of

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build a fort as a means of "awing and curbing the Indians in that quarter." To augment the regular army, St. Clair was authorized to use mounted militia units to raid Native villages with the aim of deterring attacks on American settlements.

1771:; to recognize the U.S. rather than Britain as the ruling power in the Old Northwest; and to surrender ten chiefs as hostages until all American prisoners were returned. The Miami also lost private control of the Kekionga portage, since the 1206:, he replied, "We are at peace with the United States and wish to remain so." By remaining neutral in the conflict, the British confirmed they no longer regarded the Natives in the Northwest Territory as allies to be supported in wartime. 1500:, housed the commissioners at his own residence. Despite his cordiality, Simcoe had been working to undermine U.S. influence among the Natives. After the recent Native victories, he had hoped Great Britain would support the creation of a 1345:, since the new towns would be closer to the trade and military support offered by the British at Detroit. This cluster of towns, known as "The Glaize," would become the headquarters of the Native Confederacy for the duration of the war. 1565:

prisoners within the next thirty days. Back at the Glaize, militant leaders, surprised that talks had been initiated without authorization from the confederacy, debated the proposal. The militants prevailed, and the matter was dropped.

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throughout the campaign, writing negative letters to civilian leaders and anonymously to local newspapers. Wilkinson was also a Spanish agent at the time. It has been speculated but never proven that Wilkinson had Wayne assassinated.

928:), Brant argued that Native lands were held in common by all tribes and so no land could be ceded without the consent of the confederacy. Among the attendees at the conference were representatives from the Iroquois, Shawnees, 5857: 1900:

Future Native American resistance movements were unable to form a union matching the size or capability that the Northwestern Confederacy had displayed. Author Wiley Sword writes that although the 19th century

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Beginning in late September 1792, the Natives held a large council at the Glaize with representatives from numerous tribes, with a reported 3,600 warriors in attendance. Delegates from the Iroquois, including

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terms. Knox agreed to send treaty commissioners to the 1793 council and suspend all offensive operations until that time, angering General Wayne, who had hoped to launch the next American invasion in 1793.

1401:, came to present the peace offer from the United States. Red Jacket advised the confederacy to accept the Muskingum River as the boundary between the United States and Native territory. The Shawnee orator 1885:, the last state fully located in the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the union in 1848. The process of acquiring cheap land and selling it to white settlers was a critical means of paying off the 988:

After a number of raids and counter-raids along the Ohio River boundary, in 1786 the Kentucky militia launched the first major frontier military action since the end of the Revolutionary War. Generals

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and Creeks in the confederacy. Meanwhile, on November 6, Little Turtle and about 200 Miamis and Shawnees attacked a supply convoy near Fort St. Clair, killing six Americans and depriving them of the

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on the Ohio River and raided into Kentucky, killing, capturing, and torturing settlers in an attempt to stem the tide of immigrants. Americans responded with counter raids, such as one led by Major

1012:. The towns were inhabited primarily by noncombatants because the warriors had scattered for the winter hunt. Logan's men burned the towns and food supplies, killing and capturing numerous Natives. 1155:

was led by General Harmar, whose orders were to destroy Kekionga and the surrounding towns, killing any Natives who opposed him. His army, consisting of 1,100 militiamen and 320 regulars, departed

1083:, who in August 1789 led 220 Kentucky militiamen to the Wabash region, where they killed eight Shawnees, including women and children. In 1790, George Washington, recently inaugurated as the first 1276:

and Kethtippecanunk (Tippecanoe). St. Clair had hoped to start his campaign in July, but he was delayed by his own illness as well as a shortage of recruits. In August, he sent Lieutenant Colonel

1315:, St. Clair's second-in-command, who was killed by Natives after the battle. Fort Jefferson was too small to shelter the retreating Americans, so most fled all the way back to Fort Washington. 1918:) were disbanded after the American Revolution, the Northwest Indian War is among earliest campaign listed in United States Army lineages. It is noted with the Indian Wars Campaign streamer. 1751:

in 1795 and was used by Wayne as evidence that Great Britain would no longer support the confederacy. The Jay Treaty and U.S. relations with Great Britain remained as political issues in the

1295:, twenty-three miles north of Fort Washington on the Great Miami. The army finally left Fort Hamilton on October 4 with about 2,300 men. In mid October, they stopped to build a second depot, 1421:

needed to supply the forts. "It is a most disagreeable and humiliating position to remain with our hands tied whilst the enemy is at liberty to act upon the offensive," wrote Wayne to Knox.

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that ended the war, Great Britain ceded the region to the United States, making no mention of Native land rights. The Native nations technically remained at war with the United States, and

1809:. General Wayne supervised the surrender of British posts in the Northwest Territory and personally selected the construction site of Fort Wayne in Kekionga to secure his Legion's victory. 773:, the symbol of U.S. sovereignty in the heart of Indian Country and within sight of the British. The defeated tribes were forced to cede extensive territory, including much of present-day 1801:

Most of the western U.S. forts were also abandoned after 1796; Fort Washington, the last, was moved across the Ohio River to Kentucky in 1804 to make room for a growing settlement at

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countries. Indigenous tribes of the region fought on both sides of the conflict, aligning themselves with the imperial power best suited to their economic and political needs. In the

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The fort was finished by October 17 and was capable of withstanding a 24-pound cannon. It was named Fort Wayne and placed under the command of Hamtramck, who had been commandant of

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position: the Ohio River was the only acceptable boundary and American forts north of the river must be destroyed. The council also agreed to meet with the Americans in 1793.

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was dispatched to England to negotiate a resolution to the crisis. The Native confederacy, encouraged by British actions, sent out messengers to recruit additional warriors.

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near Marietta, instead of a neutral site preferred by the Natives. Brant sent St. Clair a message asking if he would accept a new boundary, preserving everything west of the

4501: 1608:, Wayne's principal scout, skirmished with a large body of Natives advancing from the Glaize. Wells reported to Wayne that Fort Recovery was in danger of imminent attack. 391: 7681: 6860: 1357:

After the destruction of Kekionga in 1790, the Native towns at the Glaize became the headquarters of the confederacy, and would be targeted by the Americans in 1794.

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in Vincennes. The fort was officially dedicated October 22, the fourth anniversary of Harmar's defeat, and the day is considered the founding of the modern city of

916:, who had fought in the Revolution as a British ally, was stunned to learn that "England had sold the Indians to Congress." In 1783 he took the lead in forming the 980:(1786). Hardline and militant Natives remained committed to defending their lands north of the Ohio River. Shawnees and Lenapes sent out messages calling for war. 1094:

decided to attack the Native confederacy to secure the Northwest Territory for American occupation. Because many Americans distrusted the idea of a professional "

1604:, who had come from the south to fight against their traditional enemies in the Northwestern Confederacy. On June 27, forty-five Choctaws and ten scouts led by 7543: 7362: 1268:. Natives gathered nearly 2,000 warriors at Kekionga in anticipation of facing Scott's Kentuckians, but Scott instead turned northwest and targeted undefended 7984: 6116: 1892:

Before his death, Little Turtle lamented "More of us have died since the Treaty of Greenville than we lost by the years of war before." Contributors to the

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and sought to confirm this in a series of treaties in which the Americans dictated the terms. Some Native leaders buckled to the pressure and ceded land at

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in the same year arranged for cessions of British Great Lakes outposts on the U.S. territory. The British would later retake this land briefly during the

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Confederacy and defending its borders. In March 1792, Congress passed a bill increasing the size of the army to more than 5,000 men. Major General "Mad"

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on a second raid, which had originally been intended as a diversion in support of the main expedition. Wilkinson, with 500 mounted Kentucky militiamen,

7503: 7350: 5452: 2150: 1685: 701:-led confederacy formed in 1785 to resist the usurpation of Indian lands, declaring that lands north and west of the Ohio River were Indian territory. 8421: 1616:(Wyandot) made trips to Detroit to ask the British for support, as Blue Jacket had done on previous occasions, but the commander, Lieutenant Colonel 1151:, leaving 5 settlers dead and 8 missing. That autumn, the United States launched a major offensive against the Natives along the Maumee River. This 997: 895: 1798:. Fort Detroit was abandoned one year later as American forces advanced towards it, and Fort Miami was abandoned in 1814 and eventually demolished. 664:

Following centuries of conflict for control of this region, the land comprising the Northwest Territory was granted to the new United States by the

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states it was "the biggest victory Native Americans ever won and proportionately the biggest military disaster the United States ever suffered."

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The battle was a lopsided victory for the Natives. The Americans reported a loss of 630 soldiers killed and around 250 wounded; an additional 30

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in an attack on the Shawnee village of Chalawgatha. The next month, Native Americans retaliated by attacking settlers near Limestone (modern-day

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ultimate goal of Knox and other American officials was to depopulate the region of Native Americans and open up its lands to white settlement.

384: 1873:. United States settlement continued, fueling Indian removals and conflicts in the Northwest Territory well into the 1830s. These include the 1822:

Northwest Territory, closely following the line of advanced forts and the Greenville Treaty Line. The territory west of that border was named

890:, nullifying colonial land claims. American colonists who hoped to own or settle these lands were outraged, contributing to their decision to 7660: 680:

as a border between British territory and the United States. This granted significant territory to the United States, initially known as the

7568: 7508: 7407: 7154: 7082: 6983: 6894: 6870: 6776: 6657: 6573: 6496: 6444: 6364: 3281: 733:. It was also later discovered that the British had a frequent tactic of dressing up as Native Americans to participate in their battles. 8339: 7687: 7449: 7264: 5829: 1927: 8030: 7976: 7940: 7513: 6902: 1747:

for Native Americans living in territories controlled by either the United States or Great Britain. The Jay Treaty was ratified by the

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Native scouts monitored the slow progress of Harmar's northward march. The Natives had scattered for their annual winter hunt, but

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Nelson, Paul David (1986). "General Charles Scott, the Kentucky Mounted Volunteers, and the Northwest Indian Wars, 1784–1794".

1886: 1857:. Native Americans were subjected to diseases, debts, drunkenness, and sexual abuse at the hands of the new settlers. In 1805, 1413:

Following the Glaize meeting, Red Pole began an extensive tour of the south, an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to enlist more

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After the destruction of their towns, Shawnee refugees were invited by the Miamis to settle along the Wabash. The towns around

8457: 8025: 7922: 7830: 7575: 7457: 7414: 7279: 6247: 6242: 6229: 5862: 5491: 5395: 5125: 4886: 4843: 4761: 3308: 2909: 2271: 1838: 1024: 646: 17: 7367: 7241: 6154: 5628: 5004: 4970: 4704:""To Extirpate the Indians": An Indigenous Consciousness of Genocide in the Ohio Valley and Lower Great Lakes, 1750s–1810" 8447: 7864: 7614: 7167: 7107: 6697: 6211: 1658:, Mingos, a small detachment of Mohawks, and a British company of Canadian militiamen dressed as Native Americans under 1135:

On 20 April 1790, the First American Regiment participated in its first offensive against Native Americans when General

485: 8442: 7929: 7692: 7553: 7485: 7425: 7219: 6722: 6712: 6628: 5420: 5308: 5285: 5277: 5167: 5148: 5027: 4978: 2144: 1575: 1285: 1199: 887: 415: 219: 4658:"'Just and lawful war' as genocidal war in the (United States) Northwest Ordinance and Northwest Territory, 1787–1832" 2432: 8551: 7591: 7581: 7117: 6754: 6591: 6174: 5654: 5438: 5354: 5331: 5106: 5062: 4421: 4392: 1241:

on the Muskingum River, killing eleven settlers. Soon after, Shawnees and Wyandots led by Blue Jacket unsuccessfully

1004:. Beset by logistical problems, mutiny, and desertion, Clark turned back without accomplishing anything. In October, 730: 705: 460: 1110:, from 700 to 1,216 men. For the duration of the war, the Americans would use combined operations of militiamen and 7890: 7144: 6973: 6806: 6766: 6645: 6179: 2215:

Many National Guard units can trace their lineage through militia formations in the American Revolution or earlier.

1322:, mostly women, were also killed. Native loses were comparatively slight, with 21 killed and 40 wounded. Historian 2198:

An act to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States, within the state of Ohio, ch. 7, 2

1370:

that authorized the president to call out the militia, which had previously been under the control of the states.

8091: 7825: 7781: 7177: 6675: 6531: 4937: 2199: 1436:(Lewis Foy), depicts the conference near Amherstburg. Seated on chairs from right to left are U.S. commissioners 5073: 7561: 7430: 7197: 5200: 1834: 1088: 1084: 713: 1035:. On December 18, 1786, the confederacy, calling themselves the "United Indian Nations," sent a letter to the 8546: 8276: 7885: 7870: 7805: 7795: 7766: 7756: 7294: 1036: 969: 839: 815:(1754–1760), France and Great Britain fought for control of the region south of the Great Lakes known as the 745:

late in 1792 and spent a year building, training, and acquiring supplies. After a methodical campaign up the

879:

allies, and they were compelled to assent to the Ohio River boundary between the colonies and Native lands.

7875: 7849: 7835: 7810: 7800: 7751: 7667: 7274: 6784: 6558: 6452: 6237: 6163: 5947: 5916: 5872: 5346: 5323: 5140: 5098: 5054: 4569: 1893: 1541:, buried the American dead still on the battlefield, and recovered three of the cannon lost there in 1791. 1242: 1111: 827:

that ended the war, France ceded the region to the British. That year, a confederation of Natives launched

435: 858:

organized land companies and secured grants, immigrants began pouring into the region. Natives (primarily

30:"Battle for Ohio" redirects here. Not to be confused with the "Battle of Ohio", the nickname for both the 8305: 8201: 7771: 7040: 6417: 6382: 5967: 5669: 5664: 1693: 1639: 1461: 850:

over the Ohio Country. The treaty moved the boundary line further west and opened territory south of the

742: 2110:– a chief from the Lenape (Delaware) who resisted the United States and closely allied with Blue Jacket. 1524:, began on July 30. The Wyandot chief Carry-One-About (So-Wagh-da-Wunk) spoke for the confederacy, with 8480: 7895: 7880: 7745: 7259: 6601: 6377: 6347: 6312: 5942: 5674: 5074:"'Under the auspices of peace': The Northwest Indian War and its Impact on the Early American Republic" 4232: 2175: 1517: 1453: 1203: 832: 689: 673: 31: 1684:

Wayne's army encamped for three days in sight of Fort Miami, which was under command of British Major

1160: 1016:, an elderly Shawnee chief who had signed the Fort Finney treaty, was executed by one of Logan's men. 8385: 8370: 8360: 8319: 8241: 8206: 7776: 6843: 6670: 6640: 6409: 5088:"Under the auspices of peace": The Northwest Indian War and its Impact on the Early American Republic 4657: 4387: 2064: 1878: 1659: 1505: 1460:

While General Wayne awaited the outcome of the peace negotiations, he prepared his army known as the

1339: 345: 4413: 2941: 1784: 831:, an effort to drive the British away. Seeking to avoid further hostilities, the British issued the 8390: 8365: 8281: 8186: 8146: 7738: 7284: 7127: 7112: 7013: 6961: 6919: 6907: 6744: 6546: 6147: 6063: 6039: 5952: 5192: 2026: 1854: 1814: 1650:

On the morning of August 20, the Legion broke camp and marched toward the Maumee River near modern

1643: 1629: 1557: 1537:

Wayne led a detachment of about 300 men to the site of St. Clair's defeat. There, his troops built

1312: 1261: 1140: 1051:

north of the Ohio River in preparation of widespread, organized American settlement of the region.

917: 903: 754: 665: 650: 470: 340: 329: 226: 214: 170: 6821: 1870: 1556:

1796 map of the United States shows many of the forts built by the Legion in 1794, as well as the

1068:

insisted upon the Ohio River boundary. In January 1789, a group of mostly minor chiefs signed the

8380: 8375: 8355: 8246: 8236: 8231: 8211: 7761: 7289: 6606: 6551: 6352: 6121: 6099: 5982: 5972: 5921: 5911: 5867: 5682: 5503: 5460: 5019: 4996: 1990: 1986: 1862: 1849:, but encouraged land removals and debts as a way to humble Native leaders. Territorial governor 1605: 1590: 1281: 1229: 1107: 1103: 973: 465: 445: 6297: 4550: 1861:

began a traditionalist movement that rejected United States practices. His followers settled at

1194:

the following night was regarded by many Natives as an ill omen, and the attack was called off.

1075:

After the Fort Harmar treaty, violence between Natives and settlers escalated. Natives attacked

590: 8411: 8395: 8334: 8161: 8076: 8020: 7304: 7236: 7172: 7100: 6865: 6618: 6563: 6474: 6397: 6302: 6287: 6057: 5659: 3277: 1970: 1969:

Several veterans of the Northwest Indian War are known for their later achievements, including

1850: 1709: 1156: 933: 899: 824: 669: 4727: 4703: 2011:, Brigadier General in command of the First American Regiment who led the 1790 Harmar campaign 1734:

The border between Ohio and the Indiana Territory closely followed the Greenville Treaty Line.

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A Company of Heroes: The American Frontier: 1775–1783 (The Frontier People of America Book 2)

5300: 2035:, Lieutenant Colonel in command of Fort Washington, Wayne's second in command and Spanish spy 1842: 1296: 1219: 1069: 872: 812: 726: 694: 506: 450: 5240: 4912: 4381: 2235: 618: 8530: 8467: 8286: 8251: 8156: 8131: 7820: 7317: 7269: 7209: 7045: 6966: 6826: 6749: 6707: 6586: 6536: 6521: 6504: 6404: 6292: 6262: 6093: 6087: 6075: 6069: 6015: 5987: 5817: 5636: 1907: 1902: 1748: 1721: 1501: 1414: 1367: 778: 704:

Four years after the start of the British-supported Native American military campaign, the

658: 142: 66: 52: 1504:

between the United States and Canada, an idea the Americans opposed. With the outbreak of

8: 8271: 8221: 8176: 8166: 8151: 8141: 8126: 8106: 8081: 8071: 8061: 7815: 7635: 7625: 7067: 6816: 6509: 6427: 6422: 6372: 6272: 6140: 5834: 5784: 5740: 5618: 5557: 5483: 4466: 2113: 2023:, Major General in command of Legion of the United States at the Battle of Fallen Timbers 1772: 1744: 1697: 1655: 1553: 1303: 1265: 1238: 1152: 1144: 1048: 1044: 989: 806: 766: 753:

river valleys in western Ohio Country, Wayne led his Legion to a decisive victory at the

638: 534: 440: 430: 94: 1532:

his supply line. Given these problems, Wayne decided to halt major operations and build

492: 8291: 8266: 8171: 8111: 8086: 8056: 8046: 7645: 7640: 7630: 7620: 7333: 7311: 6831: 6690: 6665: 6635: 6596: 6479: 6322: 5926: 5840: 5823: 5774: 5646: 5475: 5258: 5227: 5047: 4818: 4731: 4723: 4677: 2961: 2156: 1705: 1671: 1617: 1493: 1402: 1250: 1164: 1099: 1032: 977: 717: 654: 455: 562: 8463: 8226: 8181: 8121: 8096: 8051: 7994: 7231: 7062: 6875: 6462: 6257: 6218: 6081: 5779: 5416: 5412: 5391: 5387: 5350: 5327: 5304: 5281: 5274:

Race, Removal, and the Right to Remain: Migration and the Making of the United States

5196: 5186: 5173: 5163: 5144: 5121: 5102: 5058: 5033: 5023: 5000: 4988: 4974: 4735: 2267: 2165:

Deputy Agent and later Deputy Superintendent General in the British Indian Department

1866: 1823: 1678: 1674: 1570: 1484: 1480: 1445: 1437: 1390: 1323: 1246: 965: 855: 746: 709: 251: 4681: 2965: 1487:– the U.S. commissioners appointed to meet with the Native confederacy – arrived at 520: 8256: 8136: 8101: 7999: 7914: 7909: 7400: 6838: 6801: 6727: 6685: 6581: 6541: 6342: 6337: 6021: 5567: 5219: 4719: 4715: 4669: 4356: 2953: 2094:– a principle war chief of the Shawnee and a primary war leader of the confederacy. 2014: 1978: 1806: 1791: 1768: 1760: 1476: 1441: 1302:

On November 3, St. Clair's army camped on the banks of the Wabash, near modern-day

1052: 1009: 828: 820: 685: 284: 4673: 1031:. Joseph Brant spoke to a gathering that included Miamis and other members of the 898:

of the American Revolutionary War, seeking to drive out American settlers. In the

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Jefferson, killing and capturing fifteen soldiers. It was during this time that

1342: 1277: 1123: 1064: 1005: 961: 722: 637:(1785–1795), also known by other names, was an armed conflict for control of the 425: 420: 306: 5375:

Ark of Empire: The American Frontier: 1784–1803 (The Frontier People of America)

5343:

President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790–1795

5087: 4587: 2263:

President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790–1795

1260:

In May 1791, while St. Clair gathered his army, he dispatched Brigadier General

8518: 8004: 7072: 7050: 7028: 7006: 7001: 6526: 6457: 6387: 6132: 5610: 4993:

The Victory with No Name: the Native American Defeat of the First American Army

2121: 2101: 1874: 1375: 1331: 1292: 1148: 1056: 993: 956: 921: 906:

argued to them that the British had "cast you off, and given us your country."

698: 604: 177: 5368:(Kindle ed.). New York: William Morrow, Ltd. – via Endeavour Media. 8540: 7214: 6991: 6009: 5957: 5805: 5734: 5704: 4588:"Why I Believe Meriwether Lewis Was Assassinated | History News Network" 2179: 2131: 2107: 2081: 2055: 2020: 2017:, Governor of the Northwest Territory and Major General at St. Clair's defeat 2008: 1974: 1944: 1730: 1667: 1538: 1525: 1363: 1335: 1319: 1307: 1191: 1175: 1136: 1095: 1028: 925: 909: 741:

to organize and train a proper fighting force. Wayne took command of the new

738: 642: 319: 315: 301: 295: 290: 279: 273: 268: 257: 246: 154: 137: 98: 70: 4502:"Cincinnati's beginning: The origin of the settlement that became this city" 1775:

passed by Congress guaranteed free use of important portages in the region.

7203: 7139: 6680: 5811: 5789: 5728: 5722: 5548: 5542: 5511: 5487: 2127: 2070: 2029:, Brigadier General commanding the Kentucky militia during Wayne's campaign 1651: 1497: 1488: 1429: 1386: 1001: 913: 882:

To better control the frontier, in 1774, the British Parliament passed the

816: 762: 750: 681: 231: 194: 7095: 7023: 6939: 6759: 6484: 6003: 5752: 5698: 5587: 5577: 5527: 2091: 1937: 1858: 1795: 1521: 1465: 1179: 1171: 1080: 1060: 847: 797: 786: 677: 576: 311: 5858:

Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio

4551:"This Day in History: The Secret Plot Against General Mad Anthony Wayne" 1634: 1106:

for defense. In 1790, Congress expanded the army's single regiment, the

7182: 7090: 6996: 6929: 6702: 5905: 5885: 5877: 5599: 5537: 5231: 5095:

Bayonets in the Wilderness. Anthony Wayne's Legion in the Old Northwest

2002: 1802: 1756: 1740: 1725: 1469: 1398: 1091: 945: 883: 851: 782: 369: 262: 202: 60: 7018: 2203: 1700:. That winter, Wayne also reinforced his line of defensive forts with 6848: 6467: 6317: 5710: 5563: 2088:(chief) of a Miami band and celebrated war leader in the confederacy. 1882: 1597: 1418: 1273: 1159:

on the Ohio River on September 30. A diversionary force led by Major

758: 158: 5223: 5118:

The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814

1620:, told the Natives he could not fight the Americans without orders. 1549: 7224: 7162: 6934: 6853: 5746: 5716: 5531: 2942:"Fractal massacres in the Old Northwest: the example of the Miamis" 2097: 1982: 1578: 1380: 1183: 1076: 1020: 1013: 949: 867: 863: 843: 770: 548: 323: 181: 35: 5177: 5037: 1953: 1224: 1128: 894:

from Britain in 1776. Many Natives allied with the British in the

5605: 5049:

The Life and Times of Little Turtle: First Sagamore of the Wabash

1826:. In February 1803, the state of Ohio was admitted to the Union. 1601: 859: 186: 162: 5377:(Kindle ed.). New York: Morrow – via Endeavour Media. 5297:

Unlikely General: "Mad" Anthony Wayne and the Battle for America

4893: 3798: 2049: 693:

With the encroachment of European-American settlers west of the

5593: 5573: 5521: 2085: 937: 929: 886:, which placed the entire region under the jurisdiction of the 835:, creating a boundary line between colonists and Native lands. 729:(1791), which are among the worst defeats ever suffered in the 206: 190: 4339: 4337: 5583: 5553: 4158: 1613: 941: 876: 198: 3280:. The Supreme Court of Ohio & The Ohio Judicial System. 2489: 996:

headed a two-pronged invasion of Native land. In September,

5463: 4874: 4334: 4310: 4199: 4197: 3776: 3774: 3711: 774: 4831: 3531: 3435: 3086: 3084: 2624: 1366:

was chosen as the new commander. Congress also passed two

964:. They informed the Natives their lands had been taken by 920:, the "most ambitious pan-tribal confederacy yet." At the 737:

a bigger army. He chose Revolutionary War veteran General

4250: 4134: 4074: 4026: 4002: 3834: 3822: 3687: 3639: 3351: 3224: 3222: 3113: 3111: 2800: 2798: 2783: 2612: 2292: 1989:, who fought on both sides of the war, later died at the 1353: 1269: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4519: 4481: 4322: 4298: 4194: 4086: 4038: 3942: 3906: 3882: 3810: 3771: 3735: 3699: 3675: 3663: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3579: 3555: 3447: 3042: 3032: 3030: 2861: 4780: 3930: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3483: 3387: 3375: 3363: 3339: 3246: 3207: 3135: 3081: 3059: 3057: 3015: 2991: 2979: 2873: 2851: 2849: 2665: 2663: 2636: 2602: 2600: 2585: 2573: 2525: 2513: 2467: 2465: 2388: 2364: 5245:. Allen County, Indiana: Fort Wayne Historical Society 4862: 4850: 4768: 4209: 4182: 4170: 4146: 3966: 3846: 3786: 3723: 3651: 3258: 3219: 3183: 3159: 3108: 2810: 2795: 2699: 2675: 2561: 2549: 2501: 2400: 2376: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2316: 2304: 2280: 1715: 1338:

had already settled. This move had been encouraged by

1291:

In September, St. Clair's men erected a supply depot,

8478: 4966:

Native American Power in the United States, 1783–1795

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William Wells and the Struggle for the Old Northwest

4749: 4531: 4447: 4286: 3759: 3543: 3471: 3459: 3423: 3399: 3327: 3315: 3296: 3234: 3195: 3171: 3147: 3123: 3096: 3069: 3054: 2916: 2846: 2660: 2648: 2597: 2477: 2462: 2412: 1167:, though it turned back before joining with Harmar. 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2687: 2537: 2450: 854:to colonial settlement. While colonial elites like 5046: 1516:This second meeting, held at British Indian agent 2897: 2433:"The "Western Forts" of the 1783 Treaty of Paris" 2134:leader who helped form the Northwest Confederacy. 1383:was officially admitted to the union as a state. 8538: 6162: 5496:History of Native Americans in the United States 5408:Fallen Timbers 1794: The US Army's First Victory 5242:Outpost in the Wilderness: Fort Wayne, 1706–1828 1249:was left behind, a Native means of announcing a 1245:on the Great Miami River. At both locations, a 1114:, with a U.S. Army officer in overall command. 801:Map of Native tribes in the Northwest Territory 27:Part of the American Indian Wars (1785 to 1795) 4233:"The Battle of Fallen Timbers, 20 August 1794" 1055:, appointed as territorial governor, moved to 1043:In July 1787, the U.S. Confederation Congress 765:) in 1794. Afterward, he went on to establish 6433:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 6148: 5446: 385: 69:negotiations may have been painted by one of 7357:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 5188:Anthony Wayne, Soldier of the Early Republic 4359:. Allen County History Center. 29 March 2019 5830:Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands 5411:. Illustrated by Peter Dennis. Oxford, UK: 5386:. Illustrated by Peter Dennis. Oxford, UK: 5267:. Fort Wayne: Fort Wayne Convention Bureau. 4695: 4649: 2147:Commander-in-Chief of British North America 1928:Category:People of the Northwest Indian War 1623: 1456:, the Native orator may be Carry-One-About. 1213: 6155: 6141: 5453: 5439: 4823:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4567: 2104:and influential leader in the confederacy. 1584: 1264:with 750 mounted Kentucky militiamen on a 838:In 1768, British officials negotiated the 392: 378: 120:U.S. occupation of the Northwest Territory 6881:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5963:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park 5372: 5363: 5294: 5257: 5238: 5071: 4885:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSudgen2000 ( 4842:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSudgen2000 ( 4525: 4487: 4343: 4256: 4237:National Museum of the United States Army 4230: 4226: 4224: 2153:, British Major in command of Fort Miamis 1204:Governor General of British North America 5157: 5013: 4987: 4786: 4774: 4376: 4374: 4328: 4316: 4304: 3717: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3561: 3537: 3501: 3441: 3417: 3393: 3307:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSword2003 ( 3264: 3228: 3189: 3165: 3117: 3090: 2816: 2804: 2789: 2681: 2630: 2618: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2406: 2394: 2382: 2370: 2346: 2322: 2298: 2039: 1753:1796 United States presidential election 1729: 1633: 1569:Americans. In April, Simcoe constructed 1548: 1428: 1352: 1223: 1127: 1117: 796: 399: 143:United States (Confederation until 1789) 7036:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 5978:Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum 5404: 5381: 5162:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 5115: 4899: 4760:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSword195 ( 4418:U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada 2935: 2933: 2931: 2777: 2430: 2424: 1174:, the principal Shawnee war chief, and 871:a result, the Shawnees fought and lost 14: 8539: 5317: 5271: 5209: 5184: 5044: 4962: 4880: 4856: 4837: 4802:Alphabetical List of Battles 1754–1900 4798: 4701: 4655: 4568:Harrington, Hugh T. (20 August 2013). 4221: 4215: 4188: 4176: 4152: 4140: 4080: 4032: 4008: 3972: 3852: 3840: 3828: 3792: 3729: 3693: 3657: 3645: 3453: 3048: 3036: 3009: 2891: 2867: 2840: 2828: 2765: 2654: 2606: 2591: 2579: 2531: 2483: 2471: 2431:Werther, Richard J. (5 January 2023). 2418: 2358: 2334: 2310: 2286: 2005:, first United States Secretary of War 1914:Because all active duty units (except 1272:towns on the Wabash River, destroying 7964: 7726: 7388: 6192: 6136: 5492:Native Americans in the United States 5434: 5340: 5134: 5016:The Indian World of George Washington 4940:. Virginia Center for Digital History 4868: 4643: 4631: 4619: 4604: 4570:"Was General Anthony Wayne Murdered?" 4499: 4441: 4371: 4280: 4268: 4203: 4164: 4128: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4068: 4056: 4044: 4020: 3996: 3984: 3960: 3948: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3864: 3816: 3804: 3780: 3753: 3741: 3705: 3681: 3669: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3549: 3525: 3513: 3489: 3477: 3465: 3429: 3405: 3381: 3369: 3357: 3345: 3333: 3321: 3302: 3284:from the original on 24 February 2016 3252: 3240: 3213: 3201: 3177: 3153: 3141: 3129: 3102: 3075: 3063: 3021: 2997: 2985: 2922: 2908:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSudgen ( 2879: 2855: 2753: 2741: 2729: 2717: 2705: 2693: 2669: 2642: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2456: 2259: 1785:Northwest Territory § Settlement 1496:, the British lieutenant governor of 1391:only the United States could purchase 373: 5320:Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees 5092: 4971:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 4917:U.S. Army Center of Military History 4755: 4537: 4453: 4414:"First Nations and Native Americans" 4292: 3936: 3765: 2939: 2928: 2240:U.S. Army Center of Military History 2120:) – an American Indian chief of the 1448:. The British officer in red may be 1334:, where the principal Shawnee chief 983: 955:In the following years, U.S. states 6117:Native American place names in Ohio 4656:Ostler, Jeffrey (3 February 2016). 4231:Seelinger, Matthew (16 July 2014). 2940:Mann, Barbara Alice (22 May 2013). 2159:Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada 1716:Treaty of Greenville and Jay Treaty 24: 8507:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 6723:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 6713:Assassination of James A. Garfield 5278:University of North Carolina Press 4574:Journal of the American Revolution 3278:"Little Turtle (1752 – July 1812)" 2903: 2437:Journal of the American Revolution 948:), as well as a few Cherokees and 25: 8578: 6755:Assassination of William McKinley 5078:The Gettysburg Historical Journal 4422:United States Department of State 4393:United States Department of State 2145:Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester 2138: 1869:and the Northwest theater of the 1865:in Indiana Territory, leading to 1815:secretly tried to undermine Wayne 1006:Logan led 790 Kentucky militiamen 706:Constitution of the United States 8524: 8512: 8500: 8488: 8462: 8453: 8452: 8417: 8416: 6974:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 6767:Nadir of American race relations 6646:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 5851:Prehistoric communities or sites 5462: 4930: 4905: 4792: 4702:Ostler, Jeffrey (October 2015). 4580: 4561: 4543: 4500:Suess, Jeff (28 December 2013). 4493: 4459: 4406: 4349: 2266:. University of Oklahoma Press. 2209: 2192: 2063: 2048: 1996: 1952: 1936: 1853:began an aggressive campaign of 1468:, a camp on the Ohio River near 1102:small and relied upon state-run 617: 603: 589: 575: 561: 547: 533: 519: 505: 491: 484: 339: 328: 300: 289: 278: 267: 256: 245: 225: 213: 147: 136: 59: 8567:Presidency of George Washington 8557:Native American history of Ohio 6676:First transcontinental railroad 5384:Wabash 1791: St. Clair's defeat 3270: 1008:to the Shawnee towns along the 757:near the southwestern shore of 85:April 15, 1786 – August 3, 1795 5120:. Cambridge University Press. 5072:Fernandes, Melanie L. (2016). 4728:10.5309/willmaryquar.72.4.0587 4720:10.5309/willmaryquar.72.4.0587 4708:The William and Mary Quarterly 2253: 2228: 1921: 1434:The Great Indian Council, 1793 1243:laid siege to Dunlap's Station 1200:Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester) 1085:President of the United States 924:town of Junquindundeh (modern 657:considers it the first of the 34:in American football, and the 13: 1: 8562:Pre-statehood history of Ohio 5212:Journal of the Early Republic 5045:Carter, Harvey Lewis (1987). 4955: 4805:. Washington, DC. p. 231 4674:10.1080/14623528.2016.1120460 792: 7844:Hispanic and Latino American 6698:Second Industrial Revolution 6532:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 6238:Exploration of North America 6164:History of the United States 5948:Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio) 5863:Archaeological sites in Ohio 5347:University of Oklahoma Press 5324:University of Nebraska Press 5141:University of Oklahoma Press 5099:University of Oklahoma Press 5055:University of Illinois Press 4662:Journal of Genocide Research 4382:"John Jay's Treaty, 1794–95" 2958:10.1080/14623528.2013.789203 2946:Journal of Genocide Research 2222: 2124:, present at Fallen Timbers. 1894:Journal of Genocide Research 1887:United States' national debt 1839:incorporate Native Americans 1778: 7: 7368:Indictments of Donald Trump 6559:First Industrial Revolution 6393:Declaration of Independence 6383:Second Continental Congress 5968:Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum 5670:Two Mile Square Reservation 5665:Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation 5239:Poinsatte, Charles (1976). 5185:Nelson, Paul David (1985). 5014:Calloway, Colin G. (2018). 2178:, corresponding war in the 2169: 1916:one field artillery company 1640:Legion of the United States 1462:Legion of the United States 1037:U.S. Confederation Congress 743:Legion of the United States 649:nations known today as the 10: 8583: 7965: 7727: 7389: 7260:Killing of Osama bin Laden 6348:First Continental Congress 6193: 5943:Flint Ridge State Memorial 5675:Upper Sandusky Reservation 5158:Hogeland, William (2017). 4799:Strait, Newton A. (1914). 3807:, pp. 229–31, 240–41. 1925: 1835:President Thomas Jefferson 1794:and Fort Miami during the 1782: 1719: 1627: 1588: 1217: 1121: 998:Clark led 1,200 militiamen 833:Royal Proclamation of 1763 804: 690:previously been prohibited 674:American Revolutionary War 29: 8438: 8404: 8348: 8312: 8300: 8039: 8013: 7975: 7971: 7960: 7733: 7722: 7395: 7384: 7250: 7153: 7081: 6982: 6893: 6844:Wall Street Crash of 1929 6775: 6656: 6641:Emancipation Proclamation 6572: 6495: 6443: 6410:Articles of Confederation 6363: 6248:Native American epidemics 6228: 6203: 6199: 6188: 6170: 6109: 5996: 5935: 5898: 5850: 5798: 5762: 5691: 5645: 5627: 5502: 5473: 5405:Winkler, John F. (2013). 5382:Winkler, John F. (2011). 5373:Van Every, Dale (2018) . 5364:Van Every, Dale (2018) . 5272:Seeley, Samantha (2021). 5160:Autumn of the Black Snake 4388:Foreign Service Institute 4386:Office of the Historian, 1879:Potawatomi Trail of Death 1829: 1759:beat Jay Treaty opponent 1147:) in a skirmish known as 957:relinquished their claims 411: 351: 238: 128: 77: 58: 50: 45: 8552:Native American genocide 8330:Northern Mariana Islands 6903:Strike wave of 1945–1946 6064:Battle of Fallen Timbers 6040:Treaty of Camp Charlotte 5953:Fort Hill State Memorial 5655:Blanchard's Fork Reserve 5468:Native Americans in Ohio 5295:Stockwell, Mary (2018). 5264:St. Clair's Defeat, 1791 5193:Indiana University Press 4902:, pp. 193–94 n. 85. 4467:"Treaty of Greene Ville" 2185: 1792:re-captured Fort Detroit 1644:Battle of Fallen Timbers 1630:Battle of Fallen Timbers 1624:Battle of Fallen Timbers 1558:Battle of Fallen Timbers 1214:1791: St. Clair's defeat 1139:joined Kentucky General 918:Northwestern Confederacy 875:in 1774 with only a few 769:at the Miami capital of 755:Battle of Fallen Timbers 731:history of the U.S. Army 666:Kingdom of Great Britain 651:Northwestern Confederacy 171:Northwestern Confederacy 7865:Middle Eastern American 7682:Technology and industry 6552:Seneca Falls Convention 6353:Continental Association 6253:Settlement of Jamestown 6122:Indian removals in Ohio 5983:SunWatch Indian Village 5973:New Indian Ridge Museum 5922:Thunderbird (mythology) 5683:Indian removals in Ohio 5135:Heath, William (2015). 5020:Oxford University Press 4997:Oxford University Press 4913:"Indian Wars Campaigns" 4167:, pp. 271, 275–76. 2236:"Indian Wars Campaigns" 1991:Battle of Fort Dearborn 1855:native land acquisition 1591:Battle of Fort Recovery 1585:Battle of Fort Recovery 1544: 1424: 1348: 1230:Rufus Fairchild Zogbaum 1161:Jean François Hamtramck 1108:First American Regiment 866:) who used present-day 597:Fort Lernoult (Detroit) 7985:Admission to the Union 7351:Afghanistan withdrawal 7346:January 6 insurrection 7265:Rise in mass shootings 7237:Virginia Tech shooting 6790:Paris Peace Conference 6564:Second Great Awakening 6303:American Enlightenment 6058:Siege of Fort Recovery 5660:Moravian Indian Grants 5116:Grenier, John (2005). 5093:Gaff, Alan D. (2004). 4963:Barnes, Celia (2003). 4592:historynewsnetwork.org 2176:Cherokee–American wars 1971:William Henry Harrison 1851:William Henry Harrison 1735: 1647: 1561: 1457: 1358: 1282:destroyed a Miami town 1233: 1132: 840:Treaty of Fort Stanwix 802: 676:. The treaty used the 645:and a united group of 239:Commanders and leaders 65:This depiction of the 36:Guardians–Reds rivalry 32:Bengals–Browns rivalry 7977:Territorial evolution 7341:George Floyd Protests 7324:Unite the Right rally 7193:Oklahoma City bombing 7188:Republican Revolution 7135:Space Shuttle program 6957:Civil Rights Movement 6925:North Atlantic Treaty 6733:Sherman Antitrust Act 6718:Chinese Exclusion Act 6308:French and Indian War 6298:Prelude to Revolution 6283:First Great Awakening 6243:European colonization 6034:Yellow Creek massacre 5341:Sword, Wiley (1985). 5318:Sugden, John (2000). 5301:Yale University Press 4357:"Fort Wayne: History" 2260:Sword, Wiley (1993). 2073:(Thayendanegea), 1786 2040:United Indian Nations 1783:Further information: 1733: 1637: 1552: 1432: 1415:Chickamauga Cherokees 1356: 1227: 1131: 1118:1790: Harmar campaign 1098:," Congress kept the 1070:Treaty of Fort Harmar 813:French and Indian War 800: 716:, which made him the 695:Appalachian Mountains 352:Casualties and losses 110:United States victory 18:Northwest Indian Wars 8547:Northwest Indian War 7891:Palestinian American 7318:Obergefell v. Hodges 7210:September 11 attacks 7046:Second-wave feminism 6967:Cuban Missile Crisis 6827:Bath School disaster 6745:Spanish–American War 6708:The Gospel of Wealth 6587:California Gold Rush 6547:Mexican–American War 6537:Nullification crisis 6505:Era of Good Feelings 6405:Confederation period 6313:Proclamation of 1763 6263:Atlantic slave trade 6100:Treaty of St. Mary's 6094:Treaty of Fort Meigs 6088:Treaty of Brownstown 6076:Treaty of Grouseland 6070:Treaty of Greenville 6046:Northwest Indian War 6016:Raid on Pickawillany 5988:Zane Shawnee Caverns 5917:Petroglyphs in Ohio‎ 5873:Petroglyphs in Ohio‎ 5818:Glacial Kame culture 5799:Prehistoric cultures 5763:Historic communities 5637:Algonquian languages 3360:, pp. 167, 195. 2498:, pp. 293, 308. 1908:Battle of Tippecanoe 1903:American Indian Wars 1749:United States Senate 1722:Treaty of Greenville 1340:British Indian agent 1228:St. Clair's Defeat ( 900:1783 Treaty of Paris 892:declare independence 825:1763 Treaty of Paris 779:Treaty of Greenville 668:in article 2 of the 659:American Indian Wars 635:Northwest Indian War 403:Northwest Indian War 67:Treaty of Greenville 53:American Indian Wars 46:Northwest Indian War 8340:U.S. Virgin Islands 7826:Lithuanian American 7782:Vietnamese American 7128:End of the Cold War 7118:Invasion of Grenada 7068:Iran hostage crisis 6817:Tulsa race massacre 6624:Election of Lincoln 6619:Dred Scott decision 6607:Kansas–Nebraska Act 6510:Missouri Compromise 6428:Northwest Ordinance 6418:Pennsylvania Mutiny 6413:and Perpetual Union 6373:American Revolution 6288:War of Jenkins' Ear 5835:Monongahela culture 5785:Muskingum (village) 5647:Former reservations 5619:Western Confederacy 5484:Northwest Territory 5259:Roosevelt, Theodore 4883:, p. 287 n. 1. 2206:(19 February 1803). 1773:Northwest Ordinance 1745:freedom of movement 1698:Fort Wayne, Indiana 1502:Native buffer state 1304:Fort Recovery, Ohio 1239:attacked Big Bottom 1153:punitive expedition 1149:Hartshorne's Defeat 1145:Maysville, Kentucky 1049:Northwest Territory 990:George Rogers Clark 930:Delawares (Lenapes) 848:claimed sovereignty 641:fought between the 639:Northwest Territory 441:Blackberry Campaign 184:(the "Six Nations") 95:Northwest Territory 7990:Historical regions 7946:Transgender people 7504:Capital punishment 7363:Support of Ukraine 7312:Black Lives Matter 7220:War in Afghanistan 7145:Invasion of Panama 7101:Iran–Contra affair 6962:Early–mid Cold War 6832:Harlem Renaissance 6691:Compromise of 1877 6666:Reconstruction era 6602:Fugitive Slave Act 6597:Compromise of 1850 6542:Westward expansion 6480:Louisiana Purchase 6323:Stamp Act Congress 6268:King William's War 6052:St. Clair's defeat 6028:Lord Dunmore's War 5927:Underwater panther 5843:(Late Prehistoric) 5841:Whittlesey culture 5814:(Late Prehistoric) 5775:Lenape settlements 5476:Prehistory of Ohio 4989:Calloway, Colin G. 4938:"Meriwether Lewis" 4840:, p. 287 n.1. 4634:, pp. 338–39. 4557:. 25 January 2019. 4319:, pp. 350–51. 4206:, pp. 277–78. 4143:, pp. 163–64. 4095:, pp. 264–66. 4083:, pp. 159–62. 4047:, pp. 261–62. 4035:, pp. 158–59. 4011:, pp. 157–58. 3951:, pp. 254–56. 3939:, pp. 184–86. 3915:, pp. 251–53. 3891:, pp. 249–52. 3843:, pp. 152–53. 3831:, pp. 149–50. 3819:, pp. 241–43. 3783:, pp. 238–40. 3744:, pp. 232–35. 3720:, pp. 264–71. 3708:, pp. 220–21. 3696:, pp. 138–41. 3684:, pp. 227–28. 3672:, pp. 226–27. 3648:, pp. 134–35. 3600:, pp. 217–18. 3588:, pp. 212–13. 3540:, pp. 226–28. 3528:, pp. 208–09. 3516:, pp. 208–14. 3492:, pp. 205–06. 3456:, pp. 130–31. 3444:, pp. 145–47. 3384:, pp. 192–94. 3372:, pp. 176–88. 3348:, pp. 163–66. 3255:, pp. 155–56. 3216:, pp. 140–41. 3144:, pp. 130–31. 3051:, pp. 106–07. 3024:, pp. 117–19. 3000:, pp. 113–16. 2988:, pp. 111–12. 2882:, pp. 106–09. 2870:, pp. 101–02. 2645:, pp. 103–04. 2633:, pp. 53, 58. 2301:, pp. 191–95. 2157:John Graves Simcoe 1959:Brigadier General 1736: 1648: 1618:Richard G. England 1562: 1494:John Graves Simcoe 1458: 1359: 1251:declaration of war 1234: 1220:St. Clair's defeat 1133: 1100:United States Army 1033:Wabash Confederacy 888:Province of Quebec 873:Lord Dunmore's War 803: 727:St. Clair's defeat 718:commander-in-chief 708:went into effect; 672:, which ended the 655:United States Army 513:St. Clair's Defeat 451:St. Clair's defeat 220:Province of Quebec 8476: 8475: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8429: 7995:American frontier 7956: 7955: 7886:Lebanese American 7871:Egyptian American 7806:Estonian American 7796:Albanian American 7790:European American 7767:Japanese American 7757:Filipino American 7718: 7717: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7329:COVID-19 pandemic 7232:Hurricane Katrina 7173:Los Angeles riots 7063:Watergate scandal 6908:Start of Cold War 6876:Manhattan Project 6463:Whiskey Rebellion 6293:King George's War 6258:Thirteen Colonies 6219:Pre-Columbian Era 6130: 6129: 6082:Treaty of Detroit 5826:(Middle Woodland) 5780:Lower Shawneetown 5413:Osprey Publishing 5397:978-1-84908-676-9 5388:Osprey Publishing 5127:978-1-139-44470-5 4346:, pp. 27–28. 2792:, pp. 63–65. 2621:, pp. 48–50. 2594:, pp. 79–80. 2582:, pp. 74–75. 2570:, pp. 37–41. 2558:, pp. 33–37. 2534:, pp. 73–74. 2361:, pp. 40–45. 2337:, pp. 39–40. 2313:, pp. 37–38. 2289:, pp. 29–30. 2273:978-0-8061-2488-9 2100:– a chief of the 1824:Indiana Territory 1679:French Revolution 1554:Abraham Bradley's 1485:Timothy Pickering 1481:Beverley Randolph 984:Course of the war 966:right of conquest 856:George Washington 710:George Washington 697:after the war, a 479: 478: 368: 367: 252:George Washington 234:(1791–1795) 124: 123: 16:(Redirected from 8574: 8529: 8528: 8527: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8484: 8466: 8456: 8455: 8420: 8419: 8349:Outlying islands 8306:Washington, D.C. 8301:Federal District 8000:Manifest destiny 7973: 7972: 7962: 7961: 7904:Native Americans 7876:Iranian American 7850:Mexican American 7836:Serbian American 7821:Italian American 7811:Finnish American 7801:English American 7752:Chinese American 7739:African American 7724: 7723: 7529:Direct democracy 7519:The Constitution 7478:Higher education 7401:American Century 7386: 7385: 6839:Great Depression 6812:Women's suffrage 6802:Roaring Twenties 6728:Haymarket affair 6686:Enforcement Acts 6475:Jeffersonian era 6423:Shays' Rebellion 6343:Intolerable Acts 6338:Boston Tea Party 6273:Queen Anne's War 6201: 6200: 6190: 6189: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6134: 6133: 5808:(Early Woodland) 5692:Historic figures 5467: 5466: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5401: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5337: 5314: 5291: 5268: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5235: 5206: 5181: 5154: 5131: 5112: 5086:, Available at: 5085: 5068: 5052: 5041: 5010: 5006:978-01993-8799-1 4984: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4878: 4872: 4866: 4860: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4822: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4228: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2937: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2708:, p. 75–77. 2703: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2232: 2216: 2213: 2207: 2196: 2151:William Campbell 2067: 2052: 2015:Arthur St. Clair 1979:Meriwether Lewis 1956: 1940: 1807:Newport Barracks 1805:; it became the 1769:Illinois Country 1761:Thomas Jefferson 1686:William Campbell 1660:William Caldwell 1518:Matthew Elliot's 1477:Benjamin Lincoln 1266:preliminary raid 1089:Secretary of War 1053:Arthur St. Clair 1000:north along the 807:Sixty Years' War 712:was sworn in as 686:Illinois Country 621: 607: 593: 579: 565: 551: 537: 523: 509: 495: 488: 436:Dunlap's Station 406: 404: 394: 387: 380: 371: 370: 346:William Caldwell 344: 343: 335:William Campbell 333: 332: 305: 304: 294: 293: 285:Arthur St. Clair 283: 282: 272: 271: 261: 260: 250: 249: 230: 229: 218: 217: 153: 151: 150: 141: 140: 79: 78: 63: 43: 42: 21: 8582: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8537: 8536: 8535: 8525: 8523: 8513: 8511: 8501: 8499: 8489: 8487: 8479: 8477: 8472: 8426: 8400: 8344: 8308: 8296: 8035: 8009: 7967: 7952: 7858:Jewish American 7831:Polish American 7772:Korean American 7762:Indian American 7729: 7714: 7569:Merchant Marine 7539:Law enforcement 7391: 7372: 7246: 7242:Great Recession 7149: 7123:Reagan Doctrine 7077: 7056:Stonewall riots 6978: 6952:Project Mercury 6913:Truman Doctrine 6889: 6797:First Red Scare 6771: 6740:Progressive Era 6652: 6612:Bleeding Kansas 6568: 6515:Monroe Doctrine 6491: 6439: 6398:Treaty of Paris 6359: 6333:Boston Massacre 6328:Sons of Liberty 6224: 6195: 6184: 6166: 6161: 6131: 6126: 6105: 5992: 5931: 5894: 5890:Wilderness Road 5846: 5837:(Late Woodland) 5794: 5770:Hell Town, Ohio 5758: 5687: 5641: 5623: 5504:Historic tribes 5498: 5480:History of Ohio 5469: 5461: 5459: 5429: 5423: 5398: 5357: 5334: 5311: 5288: 5248: 5246: 5224:10.2307/3122915 5203: 5191:. Bloomington: 5170: 5151: 5128: 5109: 5065: 5030: 5007: 4981: 4969:. Madison, NJ: 4958: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4871:, p. xiii. 4867: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4816: 4815: 4808: 4806: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4700: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4611: 4603: 4599: 4594:. 28 June 2015. 4586: 4585: 4581: 4566: 4562: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4498: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4380: 4379: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4335: 4327: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4303: 4299: 4291: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4229: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4175: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4115: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4079: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4007: 4003: 3995: 3991: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3428: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3404: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3055: 3047: 3043: 3035: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2938: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2605: 2598: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2429: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2393: 2389: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2365: 2357: 2353: 2345: 2341: 2333: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2258: 2254: 2244: 2242: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2172: 2163:Alexander McKee 2141: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2060: 2059: 2053: 2042: 2033:James Wilkinson 1999: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1961:James Wilkinson 1957: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1930: 1924: 1832: 1787: 1781: 1728: 1720:Main articles: 1718: 1632: 1626: 1593: 1587: 1547: 1534:Fort Greenville 1427: 1351: 1343:Alexander McKee 1332:Auglaize Rivers 1278:James Wilkinson 1222: 1216: 1157:Fort Washington 1126: 1124:Harmar campaign 1120: 1065:Muskingum River 986: 962:divide and rule 896:western theater 809: 795: 723:Harmar campaign 670:Treaty of Paris 647:Native American 631: 630: 629: 628: 627: 626: 622: 614: 613: 612: 608: 600: 599: 598: 594: 586: 585: 584: 580: 572: 571: 570: 566: 558: 557: 556: 552: 544: 543: 542: 538: 530: 529: 528: 524: 516: 515: 514: 510: 502: 501: 500: 499:Fort Washington 496: 480: 475: 426:Harmar campaign 407: 402: 400: 398: 364:Unknown wounded 363: 358: 338: 337: 327: 326: 322: 318: 314: 307:James Wilkinson 299: 298: 288: 287: 277: 276: 266: 265: 255: 254: 244: 224: 223: 212: 211: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 174: 173: 161: 157: 148: 146: 135: 116: 102: 64: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8580: 8570: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8534: 8533: 8521: 8509: 8497: 8495:British Empire 8474: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8460: 8450: 8448:Historiography 8445: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8414: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8386:Navassa Island 8383: 8378: 8373: 8371:Johnston Atoll 8368: 8363: 8361:Howland Island 8358: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8320:American Samoa 8316: 8314: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8302: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8242:South Carolina 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8207:North Carolina 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8043: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8033: 8031:The West Coast 8028: 8023: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8005:Indian removal 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7981: 7979: 7969: 7968: 7958: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7926: 7919: 7918: 7917: 7912: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7896:Saudi American 7893: 7888: 7883: 7881:Iraqi American 7878: 7873: 7861: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7816:Irish American 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7786: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7746:Asian American 7742: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7674:Sexual slavery 7664: 7657: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7544:Postal service 7541: 7536: 7534:Foreign policy 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7489: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7411: 7404: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7326: 7321: 7314: 7309: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7212: 7207: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7110: 7108:Crack epidemic 7105: 7104: 7103: 7098: 7087: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7073:Moral Majority 7070: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7051:Gay liberation 7048: 7043: 7041:Counterculture 7038: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7029:Fall of Saigon 7026: 7021: 7011: 7010: 7009: 7007:Apollo program 7004: 7002:Project Gemini 6994: 6988: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6920:Early Cold War 6917: 6916: 6915: 6905: 6899: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6873: 6868: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6836: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6781: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6700: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6662: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6604: 6599: 6592:Prelude to War 6589: 6584: 6582:Antebellum Era 6578: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6527:Trail of Tears 6522:Jacksonian era 6519: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6501: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6472: 6471: 6470: 6465: 6458:Federalist Era 6455: 6453:Bill of Rights 6449: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6388:Lee Resolution 6385: 6380: 6369: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6234: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6215: 6207: 6205: 6197: 6196: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6160: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6137: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6113: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6097: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5912:Mounds in Ohio 5909: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5868:Mounds in Ohio 5865: 5860: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5633: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5581: 5571: 5561: 5551: 5546: 5540: 5535: 5525: 5515: 5508: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5435: 5428: 5427: 5422:978-1780963754 5421: 5402: 5396: 5379: 5370: 5361: 5355: 5338: 5332: 5315: 5310:978-0300235104 5309: 5292: 5287:978-1469664828 5286: 5269: 5255: 5236: 5207: 5201: 5182: 5169:978-0374107345 5168: 5155: 5150:978-0806151472 5149: 5132: 5126: 5113: 5107: 5090: 5069: 5063: 5042: 5029:978-0190652166 5028: 5011: 5005: 4985: 4980:978-0838639580 4979: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4929: 4904: 4892: 4873: 4861: 4859:, p. 352. 4849: 4830: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4758:, p. 340. 4748: 4714:(4): 587–622. 4694: 4648: 4646:, p. 335. 4636: 4624: 4622:, p. 338. 4609: 4607:, p. 337. 4597: 4579: 4560: 4542: 4540:, p. 367. 4530: 4526:Poinsatte 1976 4518: 4506:cincinnati.com 4492: 4488:Poinsatte 1976 4480: 4469:. Touring Ohio 4458: 4456:, p. 366. 4446: 4444:, p. 328. 4434: 4405: 4370: 4348: 4344:Poinsatte 1976 4333: 4331:, p. 351. 4321: 4309: 4307:, p. 350. 4297: 4295:, p. 327. 4285: 4283:, p. 306. 4273: 4271:, p. 298. 4261: 4259:, p. 264. 4257:Stockwell 2018 4249: 4220: 4218:, p. 169. 4208: 4193: 4191:, p. 168. 4181: 4179:, p. 166. 4169: 4157: 4155:, p. 163. 4145: 4133: 4131:, p. 195. 4121: 4119:, p. 283. 4109: 4107:, p. 269. 4097: 4085: 4073: 4071:, p. 260. 4061: 4059:, p. 262. 4049: 4037: 4025: 4023:, p. 258. 4013: 4001: 3999:, p. 257. 3989: 3987:, p. 189. 3977: 3975:, p. 157. 3965: 3963:, p. 256. 3953: 3941: 3929: 3927:, p. 254. 3917: 3905: 3903:, p. 251. 3893: 3881: 3879:, p. 247. 3869: 3867:, p. 246. 3857: 3855:, p. 153. 3845: 3833: 3821: 3809: 3797: 3795:, p. 145. 3785: 3770: 3768:, p. 105. 3758: 3756:, p. 236. 3746: 3734: 3732:, p. 118. 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3660:, p. 138. 3650: 3638: 3636:, p. 145. 3626: 3624:, p. 142. 3614: 3612:, p. 256. 3602: 3590: 3578: 3576:, p. 219. 3566: 3564:, p. 141. 3554: 3552:, p. 218. 3542: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3504:, p. 143. 3494: 3482: 3480:, p. 204. 3470: 3468:, p. 202. 3458: 3446: 3434: 3432:, p. 196. 3422: 3410: 3408:, p. 191. 3398: 3396:, p. 127. 3386: 3374: 3362: 3350: 3338: 3336:, p. 161. 3326: 3324:, p. 160. 3314: 3305:, p. 159. 3295: 3269: 3257: 3245: 3243:, p. 159. 3233: 3218: 3206: 3204:, p. 139. 3194: 3182: 3180:, p. 145. 3170: 3158: 3156:, p. 128. 3146: 3134: 3132:, p. 130. 3122: 3107: 3105:, p. 121. 3095: 3093:, p. 115. 3080: 3078:, p. 124. 3068: 3066:, p. 122. 3053: 3041: 3039:, p. 105. 3026: 3014: 3012:, p. 104. 3002: 2990: 2978: 2927: 2925:, p. 110. 2915: 2906:, p. 103. 2896: 2894:, p. 102. 2884: 2872: 2860: 2858:, p. 103. 2845: 2843:, p. 101. 2833: 2831:, p. 100. 2821: 2809: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2768:, p. 223. 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2672:, p. 127. 2659: 2647: 2635: 2623: 2611: 2596: 2584: 2572: 2560: 2548: 2536: 2524: 2522:, p. 300. 2512: 2500: 2488: 2476: 2461: 2449: 2423: 2411: 2399: 2397:, p. 212. 2387: 2375: 2373:, p. 211. 2363: 2351: 2349:, p. 210. 2339: 2327: 2325:, p. 191. 2315: 2303: 2291: 2279: 2272: 2252: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2208: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2140: 2139:British Empire 2137: 2136: 2135: 2130:– a prominent 2125: 2122:Wyandot people 2111: 2105: 2095: 2089: 2069: 2062: 2061: 2058:(Michikinikwa) 2054: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 1998: 1995: 1958: 1951: 1950: 1943:Major General 1942: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1923: 1920: 1889:in the 1830s. 1875:Black Hawk War 1867:Tecumseh's War 1831: 1828: 1780: 1777: 1717: 1714: 1702:Fort St. Marys 1628:Main article: 1625: 1622: 1589:Main article: 1586: 1583: 1546: 1543: 1426: 1423: 1393:Native lands. 1376:Fort St. Clair 1350: 1347: 1324:Colin Calloway 1320:camp followers 1313:Richard Butler 1297:Fort Jefferson 1218:Main article: 1215: 1212: 1122:Main article: 1119: 1116: 994:Benjamin Logan 985: 982: 904:Richard Butler 794: 791: 624: 623: 616: 615: 611:Fort St. Clair 610: 609: 602: 601: 596: 595: 588: 587: 582: 581: 574: 573: 569:Fort Jefferson 568: 567: 560: 559: 554: 553: 546: 545: 541:Fallen Timbers 540: 539: 532: 531: 526: 525: 518: 517: 512: 511: 504: 503: 498: 497: 490: 489: 483: 482: 481: 477: 476: 474: 473: 471:Fallen Timbers 468: 463: 461:Fort Jefferson 458: 456:Fort St. Clair 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 412: 409: 408: 397: 396: 389: 382: 374: 366: 365: 360: 354: 353: 349: 348: 309: 241: 240: 236: 235: 210: 209: 169: 168: 167: 165: 131: 130: 126: 125: 122: 121: 118: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 93: 91: 87: 86: 83: 75: 74: 56: 55: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8579: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8532: 8531:United States 8522: 8520: 8510: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8486: 8485: 8482: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8459: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8443:List of years 8441: 8440: 8437: 8423: 8415: 8413: 8412:Urban history 8410: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8391:Palmyra Atoll 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8366:Jarvis Island 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8347: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8313:Insular areas 8311: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8282:West Virginia 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8187:New Hampshire 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8147:Massachusetts 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8038: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8012: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7963: 7959: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7777:Thai American 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7725: 7721: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7617: 7616: 7615:Party Systems 7612: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7573: 7571: 7570: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7554:Voting rights 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7387: 7383: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7215:War on terror 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7113:Late Cold War 7111: 7109: 7106: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6992:Great Society 6990: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6981: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6947:Post-war boom 6945: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6840: 6837: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6765: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6158: 6153: 6151: 6146: 6144: 6139: 6138: 6135: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6022:Pontiac's War 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6010:Nanfan Treaty 6008: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5958:Fort Recovery 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5735:Little Turtle 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5705:Buckongahelas 5703: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5472: 5465: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5444: 5442: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5424: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5403: 5399: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5356:0-8061-2488-1 5352: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5333:0-8032-4288-3 5329: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5244: 5243: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5218:(3): 219–51. 5217: 5213: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5108:0-8061-3585-9 5104: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5064:0-252-01318-2 5060: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4939: 4933: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4888: 4882: 4877: 4870: 4865: 4858: 4853: 4845: 4839: 4834: 4826: 4820: 4804: 4803: 4795: 4789:, p. 17. 4788: 4787:Hogeland 2017 4783: 4776: 4775:Calloway 2015 4771: 4763: 4757: 4752: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4640: 4633: 4628: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4606: 4601: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4539: 4534: 4528:, p. 27. 4527: 4522: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4490:, p. 30. 4489: 4484: 4468: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4443: 4438: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4375: 4358: 4352: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4330: 4329:Hogeland 2017 4325: 4318: 4317:Hogeland 2017 4313: 4306: 4305:Hogeland 2017 4301: 4294: 4289: 4282: 4277: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4253: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4225: 4217: 4212: 4205: 4200: 4198: 4190: 4185: 4178: 4173: 4166: 4161: 4154: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4118: 4113: 4106: 4101: 4094: 4089: 4082: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4046: 4041: 4034: 4029: 4022: 4017: 4010: 4005: 3998: 3993: 3986: 3981: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3926: 3921: 3914: 3909: 3902: 3897: 3890: 3885: 3878: 3873: 3866: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3743: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3719: 3718:Hogeland 2017 3714: 3707: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3634:Calloway 2015 3630: 3623: 3622:Calloway 2015 3618: 3611: 3610:Hogeland 2017 3606: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3562:Calloway 2015 3558: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3538:Hogeland 2017 3534: 3527: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3502:Calloway 2015 3498: 3491: 3486: 3479: 3474: 3467: 3462: 3455: 3450: 3443: 3442:Hogeland 2017 3438: 3431: 3426: 3419: 3418:Calloway 2015 3414: 3407: 3402: 3395: 3394:Calloway 2015 3390: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3366: 3359: 3354: 3347: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3318: 3310: 3304: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3267:, p. 76. 3266: 3265:Calloway 2015 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3231:, p. 75. 3230: 3229:Calloway 2015 3225: 3223: 3215: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3192:, p. 72. 3191: 3190:Calloway 2015 3186: 3179: 3174: 3168:, p. 71. 3167: 3166:Calloway 2015 3162: 3155: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3131: 3126: 3120:, p. 69. 3119: 3118:Calloway 2015 3114: 3112: 3104: 3099: 3092: 3091:Hogeland 2017 3087: 3085: 3077: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3050: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3023: 3018: 3011: 3006: 2999: 2994: 2987: 2982: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2952:(2): 167–82. 2951: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2924: 2919: 2911: 2905: 2900: 2893: 2888: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2857: 2852: 2850: 2842: 2837: 2830: 2825: 2819:, p. 66. 2818: 2817:Calloway 2015 2813: 2807:, p. 64. 2806: 2805:Calloway 2015 2801: 2799: 2791: 2790:Calloway 2015 2786: 2780:, p. 15. 2779: 2774: 2767: 2762: 2756:, p. 82. 2755: 2750: 2744:, p. 79. 2743: 2738: 2732:, p. 87. 2731: 2726: 2720:, p. 77. 2719: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2696:, p. 67. 2695: 2690: 2684:, p. 59. 2683: 2682:Calloway 2015 2678: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2657:, p. 84. 2656: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2632: 2631:Calloway 2015 2627: 2620: 2619:Calloway 2015 2615: 2609:, p. 77. 2608: 2603: 2601: 2593: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2564: 2557: 2552: 2546:, p. 31. 2545: 2540: 2533: 2528: 2521: 2520:Calloway 2018 2516: 2510:, p. 42. 2509: 2508:Calloway 2015 2504: 2497: 2496:Calloway 2018 2492: 2486:, p. 67. 2485: 2480: 2474:, p. 66. 2473: 2468: 2466: 2459:, p. 64. 2458: 2453: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2421:, p. 65. 2420: 2415: 2409:, p. 78. 2408: 2407:Hogeland 2017 2403: 2396: 2395:Calloway 2018 2391: 2385:, p. 74. 2384: 2383:Hogeland 2017 2379: 2372: 2371:Calloway 2018 2367: 2360: 2355: 2348: 2347:Calloway 2018 2343: 2336: 2331: 2324: 2323:Calloway 2018 2319: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2299:Calloway 2018 2295: 2288: 2283: 2275: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2256: 2241: 2237: 2231: 2227: 2212: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2180:Old Southwest 2177: 2174: 2173: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2108:Buckongahelas 2106: 2103: 2102:Ottawa nation 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2082:Little Turtle 2080: 2079: 2072: 2066: 2057: 2056:Little Turtle 2051: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2027:Charles Scott 2025: 2022: 2021:Anthony Wayne 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2009:Josiah Harmar 2007: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997:United States 1994: 1992: 1988: 1987:William Wells 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975:William Clark 1972: 1962: 1955: 1946: 1945:Anthony Wayne 1939: 1929: 1919: 1917: 1912: 1909: 1904: 1898: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847:intermarriage 1844: 1840: 1836: 1827: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1786: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1668:rapprochement 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1607: 1606:William Wells 1603: 1599: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1576:Chief Justice 1572: 1566: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1542: 1540: 1539:Fort Recovery 1535: 1529: 1527: 1526:Buckongahelas 1523: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1506:war in Europe 1503: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1364:Anthony Wayne 1355: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336:Kekewepelethy 1333: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1308:William Darke 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1293:Fort Hamilton 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262:Charles Scott 1258: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1195: 1193: 1192:lunar eclipse 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1176:Little Turtle 1173: 1168: 1166: 1163:invaded from 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1141:Charles Scott 1138: 1137:Josiah Harmar 1130: 1125: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096:standing army 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029:Detroit River 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 981: 979: 975: 974:Fort McIntosh 971: 967: 963: 958: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 926:Fremont, Ohio 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 880: 878: 874: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 836: 834: 830: 829:Pontiac's War 826: 822: 818: 814: 808: 799: 790: 788: 784: 781:in 1795. The 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 761:(near modern 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 739:Anthony Wayne 734: 732: 728: 724: 719: 715: 711: 707: 702: 700: 696: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 643:United States 640: 636: 625:Fort Hamilton 620: 606: 592: 578: 564: 550: 536: 527:Fort Defiance 522: 508: 494: 487: 472: 469: 467: 466:Fort Recovery 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 446:Kenapacomaqua 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 413: 410: 405: 395: 390: 388: 383: 381: 376: 375: 372: 362:1,000+ killed 361: 356: 355: 350: 347: 342: 336: 331: 325: 321: 320:Buckongahelas 317: 316:Little Turtle 313: 310: 308: 303: 297: 296:Anthony Wayne 292: 286: 281: 275: 274:Josiah Harmar 270: 264: 259: 253: 248: 243: 242: 237: 233: 228: 221: 216: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 183: 179: 176: 175: 172: 166: 164: 160: 156: 155:United States 145: 144: 139: 133: 132: 127: 119: 114: 113: 109: 106: 105: 100: 99:United States 96: 92: 89: 88: 84: 81: 80: 76: 72: 71:Anthony Wayne 68: 62: 57: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8381:Midway Atoll 8376:Kingman Reef 8356:Baker Island 8335:Puerto Rico 8247:South Dakota 8237:Rhode Island 8232:Pennsylvania 8212:North Dakota 7928: 7921: 7902: 7863: 7856: 7842: 7788: 7744: 7737: 7680: 7666: 7659: 7652: 7613: 7587:Marine Corps 7574: 7567: 7560: 7524:Debt ceiling 7509:Civil Rights 7491: 7484: 7470: 7456: 7442: 7413: 7408:Antisemitism 7406: 7399: 7355: 7316: 7252:2008–present 7204:Bush v. Gore 7202: 7140:War on drugs 7014:Mid Cold War 6866:Pearl Harbor 6861:World War II 6681:Ku Klux Klan 6278:Dummer's War 6217: 6210: 6204:Pre-Colonial 6110:Other topics 6045: 6012:(1701, 1726) 5882: 5812:Fort Ancient 5790:Pickawillany 5729:Kakowatcheky 5723:Joseph Brant 5679: 5615: 5512:Chalahgawtha 5488:Ohio Country 5407: 5383: 5374: 5365: 5342: 5319: 5296: 5273: 5263: 5247:. Retrieved 5241: 5215: 5211: 5187: 5159: 5136: 5117: 5094: 5084:(Article 8). 5081: 5077: 5048: 5018:. New York: 5015: 4992: 4965: 4942:. Retrieved 4932: 4920:. Retrieved 4916: 4907: 4900:Grenier 2005 4895: 4876: 4864: 4852: 4833: 4807:. Retrieved 4801: 4794: 4782: 4777:, p. 8. 4770: 4751: 4739:. Retrieved 4711: 4707: 4697: 4685:. Retrieved 4665: 4661: 4651: 4639: 4627: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4563: 4554: 4545: 4533: 4521: 4509:. Retrieved 4505: 4495: 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4461: 4449: 4437: 4425:. Retrieved 4417: 4408: 4396:. Retrieved 4385: 4361:. Retrieved 4351: 4324: 4312: 4300: 4288: 4276: 4264: 4252: 4240:. 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Retrieved 2239: 2230: 2211: 2194: 2128:Joseph Brant 2117: 2071:Joseph Brant 1968: 1913: 1899: 1891: 1863:Prophetstown 1843:assimilation 1833: 1820: 1811: 1800: 1790:The British 1788: 1765: 1737: 1706:Fort Loramie 1690: 1683: 1664: 1652:Toledo, Ohio 1649: 1610: 1594: 1567: 1563: 1530: 1520:estate near 1515: 1511: 1498:Upper Canada 1489:Fort Niagara 1475:In mid-May, 1474: 1459: 1433: 1412: 1408: 1395: 1387:Rufus Putnam 1385: 1372: 1368:militia acts 1360: 1328: 1317: 1301: 1290: 1259: 1255: 1237:and Lenapes 1235: 1208: 1196: 1188: 1169: 1134: 1074: 1042: 1018: 1002:Wabash River 987: 976:(1785), and 970:Fort Stanwix 954: 932:, Wyandots, 914:Joseph Brant 908: 881: 837: 810: 763:Toledo, Ohio 735: 703: 688:, which had 682:Ohio Country 663: 634: 632: 421:Logan's raid 401: 357:1,221 killed 232:Lower Canada 222:(until 1791) 134: 129:Belligerents 73:'s officers. 51:Part of the 40: 38:in baseball. 8396:Wake Island 8162:Mississippi 8077:Connecticut 8021:New England 7688:Agriculture 7607:Coast Guard 7602:Space Force 7450:Immigration 7178:WTC bombing 7096:Reaganomics 7024:Vietnam War 6940:McCarthyism 6822:Second Klan 6807:Prohibition 6785:World War I 6760:Square Deal 6750:Imperialism 6485:War of 1812 6212:Prehistoric 6048:(1785–1795) 6006:(1609-1701) 6004:Beaver Wars 5908:(sculpture) 5753:Tenskwatawa 5699:Blue Jacket 5588:Anishinaabe 5578:Anishinaabe 5528:Erie people 5322:. 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