3299:
3283:
3595:
3723:
31:
3023:
3349:
1089:
3267:
3362:
3160:, more than had been anticipated, and a change in the weather pattern caused the fallout to spread in a direction not cleared in advance. The fallout plume spread high levels of radiation for over 100 miles (160 km), contaminating a number of populated islands in nearby atoll formations. Though they were soon evacuated, many of the islands' inhabitants suffered from radiation burns and later from other effects such as increased cancer rate and birth defects, as did the crew of the Japanese fishing boat
3443:
3490:
64:
3384:
843:
3742:
3676:
636:
3649:
3170:
4528:: In March 2009, the French Government offered to compensate victims for the first time and legislation is being drafted which would allow payments to people who suffered health problems related to the tests. The payouts would be available to victims' descendants and would include Algerians, who were exposed to nuclear testing in the Sahara in 1960. However, victims say the eligibility requirements for compensation are too narrow.
3041:
329:
3541:
3133:
3626:
5443:
3825:
ratified by 44 specific nuclear technology-holder countries. These "Annex 2 States" participated in the negotiations on the CTBT between 1994 and 1996 and possessed nuclear power or research reactors at that time. The ratification of eight Annex 2 states is still missing: China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the United States have signed but not ratified the Treaty; India, North Korea and
Pakistan have not signed it.
1000:
all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points, and the total length does not exceed 40 kilometers. For nuclear weapon tests, a salvo is defined as two or more underground nuclear explosions conducted at a test site within an area delineated by a circle having a diameter of two kilometers and conducted within a total period of time of 0.1 seconds.
3225:
is widely thought to possess a sizable nuclear arsenal, though it has never tested, unless they were involved in Vela. Experts disagree on whether states can have reliable nuclear arsenals—especially ones using advanced warhead designs, such as hydrogen bombs and miniaturized weapons—without testing,
3120:
had involved the effect of atomic weapons on a navy, and how they functioned underwater) and to test new weapon designs. During the 1950s, these included new hydrogen bomb designs, which were tested in the
Pacific, and also new and improved fission weapon designs. The Soviet Union also began testing
1041:
tests are designed to gain information about the effects of the weapons on structures, equipment, organisms, and the environment. They are mainly used to assess and improve survivability to nuclear explosions in civilian and military contexts, tailor weapons to their targets, and develop the tactics
3325:
In US context, it was decided during the
Manhattan Project that yield measured in tons of TNT equivalent could be imprecise. This comes from the range of experimental values of the energy content of TNT, ranging from 900 to 1,100 calories per gram (3,800 to 4,600 kJ/g). There is also the issue
915:
in 1963. True underground tests are intended to be fully contained and emit a negligible amount of fallout. Unfortunately these nuclear tests do occasionally "vent" to the surface, producing from nearly none to considerable amounts of radioactive debris as a consequence. Underground testing, almost
999:
In conformity with treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union, a salvo is defined, for multiple explosions for peaceful purposes, as two or more separate explosions where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of
3352:
Over 2,000 nuclear tests have been conducted in over a dozen different sites around the world. Red Russia/Soviet Union, blue France, light blue United States, violet
Britain, yellow China, orange India, brown Pakistan, green North Korea, and light green (territories exposed to nuclear bombs). The
3824:
is building an international monitoring system with 337 facilities located all over the globe. 85% of these facilities are already operational. As of May 2012, the CTBT has been signed by 183 States, of which 157 have also ratified. However, for the Treaty to enter into force it needs to be
3816:
The
Partial Nuclear Test Ban treaty makes it illegal to detonate any nuclear explosion anywhere except underground, in order to reduce atmospheric fallout. Most countries have signed and ratified the Partial Nuclear Test Ban, which went into effect in October 1963. Of the nuclear states, France,
3430:
for details). 24 tests are classified as
British tests held at the NTS. There were 35 Plowshare detonations and 7 Vela Uniform tests; 88 tests were safety experiments and 4 were transportation/storage tests. Motion pictures were made of the explosions, later used to validate computer simulation
3321:
and thermonuclear are typically measured in different amounts. Thermonuclear bombs can be hundreds or thousands of times stronger than their atomic counterparts. Due to this, thermonuclear bombs' yields are usually expressed in megatons which is about the equivalent of 1,000,000 tons of TNT. In
1034:
tests are designed to garner information about how (and if) the weapons themselves work. Some serve to develop and validate a specific weapon type. Others test experimental concepts or are physics experiments meant to gain fundamental knowledge of the processes and materials involved in nuclear
3201:
in 1963, which limited signatories to underground testing. Not all countries stopped atmospheric testing, but because the United States and the Soviet Union were responsible for roughly 86% of all nuclear tests, their compliance cut the overall level substantially. France continued atmospheric
869:, balloons, barges, or islands, or dropped from airplanes, and also those only buried far enough to intentionally create a surface-breaking crater. The United States, the Soviet Union, and China have all conducted tests involving explosions of missile-launched bombs (See
6715:
Exposure of the
American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests: A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other
1048:
are designed to study the behavior of weapons in simulated accident scenarios. In particular, they are used to verify that a (significant) nuclear detonation cannot happen by accident. They include one-point safety tests and simulations of storage and transportation
3801:. These treaties were proposed in response to growing international concerns about environmental damage among other risks. Nuclear testing involving humans also contributed to the formation of these treaties. Examples can be seen in the following articles:
3241:" required for it to take effect, including the United States. Nuclear testing has since become a controversial issue in the United States, with a number of politicians saying that future testing might be necessary to maintain the aging warheads from the
4567:, the first nuclear test of a given weapon type for a country is included, as well as tests that were otherwise notable (such as the largest test ever). All yields (explosive power) are given in their estimated energy equivalents in kilotons of
1116:
study nuclear materials under the conditions of explosive shock compression. They can create subcritical conditions, or supercritical conditions with yields ranging from negligible all the way up to a substantial fraction of full weapon yield.
6411:"N° 3571.- Rapport de MM. Christian Bataille et Henri Revol sur les incidences environnementales et sanitaires des essais nucléaires effectués par la France entre 1960 et 1996 (Office d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques)"
986:). Underwater tests close to the surface can disperse large amounts of radioactive particles in water and steam, contaminating nearby ships or structures, though they generally do not create fallout other than very locally to the explosion.
3298:
3711:
From the first nuclear test in 1945 until tests by
Pakistan in 1998, there was never a period of more than 22 months with no nuclear testing. June 1998 to October 2006 was the longest period since 1945 with no acknowledged nuclear tests.
3583:. Four of the In Ekker tests are counted as peaceful use, as they were reported as part of the CET's APEX (Application pacifique des expérimentations nucléaires, “Peaceful Application of Nuclear Experiments”), and given alternate names.
1004:
The USSR has exploded up to eight devices in a single salvo test; Pakistan's second and last official test exploded four different devices. Almost all lists in the literature are lists of tests; in the lists in
Knowledge (for example,
3757:. The New Zealand curve is representative for the Southern Hemisphere, the Austrian curve is representative for the Northern Hemisphere. Atmospheric nuclear weapon tests almost doubled the concentration of C in the Northern Hemisphere.
3785:. This global fallout was one of the main drivers for the ban of nuclear weapons testing, particularly atmospheric testing. It has been estimated that by 2020 up to 2.4 million people have died as a result of nuclear weapons testing.
1055:
are designed to improve the capabilities to detect, locate, and identify nuclear detonations, in particular, to monitor compliance with test-ban treaties. In the United States these tests are associated with
Operation
4482:
Over 500 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests were conducted at various sites around the world from 1945 to 1980. As public awareness and concern mounted over the possible health hazards associated with exposure to the
974:, usually moored to a ship or a barge (which is subsequently destroyed by the explosion). Tests of this nature have usually been conducted to evaluate the effects of nuclear weapons against naval vessels (such as in
3216:
Almost all new nuclear powers have announced their possession of nuclear weapons with a nuclear test. The only acknowledged nuclear power that claims never to have conducted a test was South Africa (although see
3282:
5774:
4229:
Eliminated Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs). Implemented by 1 June 1991. Both sides alleged the other was in violation of the treaty. Expired following U.S. withdrawal, 2 August 2019.
3821:
3148:
test in 1954. The weapon design tested was a new form of hydrogen bomb, and the scientists underestimated how vigorously some of the weapon materials would react. As a result, the explosion—with a
4554:: China has undertaken highly secretive atomic tests in remote deserts in a Central Asian border province. Anti-nuclear activists say there is no known government program for compensating victims.
4538:
in the 1950s are engaged in legal action against the Ministry of Defense for negligence. They say they suffered health problems and were not warned of potential dangers before the experiments.
6954:
794:
in 1996, these countries pledged to discontinue all nuclear testing; the treaty has not yet entered into force because of its failure to be ratified by eight countries. Non-signatories
790:
Underground tests conducted by the Soviet Union continued until 1990, the United Kingdom until 1991, the United States until 1992, and both China and France until 1996. In signing the
5479:
4303:
4518:, and to others exposed to the radiation. As of 2017, the U.S. government refused to pay for the medical care of troops who associate their health problems with the construction of
3080:
would be before they were used in combat against Japan. While the test gave a good approximation of many of the explosion's effects, it did not give an appreciable understanding of
1102:
is used extensively to provide as much information as possible without physical testing. Mathematical models for such simulation model scenarios not only of performance but also of
3197:
of populations and the food supply—occurred during other atmospheric nuclear weapons tests by other countries as well. Concerns over worldwide fallout rates eventually led to the
3166:. One crewman died from radiation sickness after returning to port, and it was feared that the radioactive fish they had been carrying had made it into the Japanese food supply.
3095:) and tested it on August 29, 1949. Neither country had very many atomic weapons to spare at first, and so testing was relatively infrequent (when the U.S. used two weapons for
6184:
Pavlovski, O. A. (1 January 1998). "Radiological Consequences of Nuclear Testing for the Population of the Former USSR (Input Information, Models, Dose, and Risk Estimates)".
5187:
5155:
4548:. However, there was no compensation to civilians sickened by the Totsk test. Anti-nuclear groups say there has been no government compensation for other nuclear tests.
3101:
in 1946, they were detonating over 20% of their current arsenal). However, by the 1950s the United States had established a dedicated test site on its own territory (
1157:
tacitly agreed to by the major atomic powers. Subcritical tests continue to be performed by the United States, Russia, and the People's Republic of China, at least.
701:. However, nuclear testing has often been used as an indicator of scientific and military strength. Many tests have been overtly political in their intention; most
6947:
6318:
Mikhailov, Editor in Chief, V.N.; Andryushin, L.A.; Voloshin, N.P.; Ilkaev, R.I.; Matushchenko, A.M.; Ryabev, L.D.; Strukov, V.G.; Chernyshev, A.K.; Yudin, Yu.A.
622:
6565:
Bouville, André; Simon, Steven L.; Miller, Charles W.; Beck, Harold L.; Anspaugh, Lynn R.; Bennett, Burton G. (2002). "Estimates of Doses from Global Fallout".
3326:
of which ton to use, as short tons, long tons, and metric tonnes all have different values. It was therefore decided that one kiloton would be equivalent to 1.0
3193:
Castle Bravo was the worst U.S. nuclear accident, but many of its component problems—unpredictably large yields, changing weather patterns, unexpected fallout
6365:
665:
7602:
6940:
1439:
Provided information on the behavior of new plutonium alloys compressed by high-pressure shock waves; same as Stagecoach but for the age of the alloys.
6385:
6249:
5512:
196:
3266:
3260:, while the estimated number of underground nuclear tests conducted in the period from 1957 to 1992 was 1,352 explosions with a total yield of 90 Mt.
1072:
were conducted to investigate non-military applications of nuclear explosives. In the United States, these were performed under the umbrella name of
3607:
3480:
1110:. A theme has generally been that even though simulations cannot fully replace physical testing, they can reduce the amount of it that is necessary.
5755:
5703:
3722:
4514:
of 1990, more than $ 1.38 billion in compensation has been approved. The money is going to people who took part in the tests, notably at the
3245:. Because nuclear testing is seen as furthering nuclear arms development, many are opposed to future testing as an acceleration of the arms race.
1131:. They can be subcritical or supercritical, in which case significant radiation fluxes can be produced. This type of test has resulted in several
4349:
1080:
Aside from these technical considerations, tests have been conducted for political and training purposes, and can often serve multiple purposes.
268:
6282:
6130:
6021:
870:
566:
367:
3377:
The nuclear powers have conducted more than 2,000 nuclear test explosions (numbers are approximate, as some test results have been disputed):
6068:
4234:
571:
202:
4730:, second detonation of a plutonium implosion device (the first being the Trinity Test), second and last use of a nuclear device in combat.
3820:
The 1996 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions everywhere, including underground. For that purpose, the
3716:
807:
618:
526:
521:
263:
5793:
3888:
USA agrees; ban begins on 31 October 1958, 3 November 1958 for the Soviets, and lasts until abrogated by a USSR test on 1 September 1961.
995:
Another way to classify nuclear tests is by the number of explosions that constitute the test. The treaty definition of a salvo test is:
6963:
5392:
5354:
1387:
Kismet was a proof of concept for modern hydronuclear tests; it did not contain any SNM (Special Nuclear Material—plutonium or uranium).
546:
531:
491:
481:
476:
252:
5030:
Largest boosted fission weapon ever tested. Intended as a fallback "in megaton range" in case British thermonuclear development failed.
3307:
balloons were used on Indian Springs Air Force Base, Nevada, April 20, 1952 to get exact weather information during atomic test periods.
3129:, though, both countries developed accelerated testing programs, testing many hundreds of bombs over the last half of the 20th century.
6639:
4488:
4076:
3557:
3549:
576:
273:
7652:
6163:
4719:
4674:
4564:
3085:
658:
391:
386:
304:
6841:
Rice, James. Downwind of the Atomic State: Atmospheric Testing and the Rise of the Risk Society. (New York University Press, 2023).
6459:
5913:
5317:
4422:
4210:
3226:
though all agree that it is very unlikely to develop significant nuclear innovations without testing. One other approach is to use
827:
799:
501:
486:
401:
247:
3450:: 715 tests (involving 969 devices) by official count, plus 13 unnumbered test failures. Most were at their Southern Test Area at
3205:
A tacit moratorium on testing was in effect from 1958 to 1961 and ended with a series of Soviet tests in late 1961, including the
7607:
6514:
5489:
4373:
4252:
Bans categories of weapons, including conventional, from Europe. Russia notified signatories of intent to suspend, 14 July 2007.
3693:
3522:
3017:
2953:
2882:
2825:
2774:
2723:
2673:
2623:
2573:
2522:
2419:
2368:
2318:
2266:
2214:
2163:
2112:
2062:
2012:
1962:
1912:
1861:
1811:
1761:
1711:
1660:
1609:
1559:
1508:
1457:
1406:
1354:
1304:
1257:
1206:
561:
506:
471:
426:
381:
376:
6601:
4535:
2471:
6484:
6073:
5219:
5091:
5057:
5025:
4822:
3585:
3531:
3140:
fallout plume spread dangerous levels of radiation over an area over 100 miles (160 km) long, including inhabited islands.
823:
780:
702:
556:
541:
511:
496:
466:
446:
421:
406:
396:
217:
207:
3252:, from 1945 to 1992, 520 atmospheric nuclear explosions (including eight underwater) were conducted with a total yield of 545
6201:
5285:
5253:
4957:
4893:
4861:
4855:
4789:
4714:
4669:
4635:
4397:
3798:
3769:, the thousands of tests, hundreds being atmospheric, did nevertheless produce a global fallout that has peaked in 1963 (the
3433:
3427:
1154:
795:
791:
784:
551:
461:
456:
431:
416:
411:
233:
222:
212:
6306:"USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990" (Document). Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1996.
7646:
7571:
3666:
651:
639:
441:
436:
137:
3185:) in the continental United States resulting from all exposure routes from all atmospheric nuclear tests conducted at the
7627:
5517:
4511:
854:
Nuclear weapons tests have historically been divided into four categories reflecting the medium or location of the test.
186:
1541:
Provided information on the behavior of aged (up to 40 years) plutonium alloys compressed by high-pressure shock waves.
767:
formed and in 1963, three (UK, US, Soviet Union) of the then four nuclear states and many non-nuclear states signed the
7213:
7099:
6872:
5887:
5506:
4122:
3510:
5756:"Trust but verify: U.S. labs are overhauling the nuclear stockpile. Can they validate the weapons without bomb tests?"
6801:
6777:
6732:
6319:
3639:
3156:—was over twice what was predicted. Aside from this problem, the weapon also generated a large amount of radioactive
515:
3238:
7689:
5499:
3986:
5737:
3781:
dose from all sources, and has slowly decreased since, with natural environmental radiation levels being around 1
3256:, with a peak occurring in 1961–1962, when 340 megatons were detonated in the atmosphere by the United States and
697:
are affected by different conditions, and how personnel, structures, and equipment are affected when subjected to
7668:
5473:
4169:
4032:
3916:
3794:
3391:: 1,054 tests by official count (involving at least 1,149 devices). 219 were atmospheric tests as defined by the
949:
451:
6836:
Elements of Controversy: The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947–1974
3292:
test of 1962 was an experiment by the United States in using nuclear weapons to excavate large amounts of earth.
1027:
Separately from these designations, nuclear tests are also often categorized by the purpose of the test itself.
7565:
7469:
6978:
6917:
6125:
5378:
5340:
3688:
3616:
2299:
Plutonium surface studies (optical analysis of spall), followup to Mario. Used cast plutonium from Los Alamos.
831:
819:
815:
811:
6891:
948:
testing refers to nuclear tests conducted above the atmosphere. The test devices are lifted on rockets. These
7368:
7361:
7199:
5607:
4053:
3683:: North Korea is the only country in the world that still tests nuclear weapons, and their tests have caused
3392:
3343:
3249:
3234:
3077:
1251:
1093:
1061:
953:
592:
297:
115:
6389:
6256:
744:
on November 1, 1952 (local date), also by the United States. The largest nuclear weapon ever tested was the
7413:
7270:
5687:"The Treaty has not been signed by France or by the People's Republic of China." U.S. Department of State,
4576:
3810:
3701:
3684:
17:
6410:
4321:
George. H. W. Bush declares unilateral ban on nuclear testing. Extended several times, not yet abrogated.
3233:
There have been many attempts to limit the number and size of nuclear tests; the most far-reaching is the
924:
of the nuclear device and the composition of the medium in which it is detonated, and generally creates a
7020:
5533:
4477:
1068:
938:
Underground testing also falls into two physical categories: tunnel tests in generally horizontal tunnel
904:
847:
776:
602:
278:
6666:
5712:
3091:
The United States conducted six atomic tests before the Soviet Union developed their first atomic bomb (
928:. In 1976, the United States and the USSR agreed to limit the maximum yield of underground tests to 150
6932:
6907:
5629:
5484:
5177:
5123:
4993:
4925:
4757:
4495:
study claims that nuclear fallout might have led to approximately 11,000 excess deaths, most caused by
4009:
2504:"...confirm nuclear performance of the W88 warhead with a newly-manufactured pit." Early pit studies.
320:
238:
83:
3403:
and other locations in the Pacific, 3 in the South Atlantic Ocean, and 17 other tests taking place in
3064:
The first atomic weapons test was conducted near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945, during the
7408:
7254:
5448:
4545:
4492:
4344:
Deep reductions in ICBMs. Abrogated by Russia in 2002 in retaliation of US abrogation of ABM Treaty.
4099:
3194:
933:
890:
6028:
5290:
First potential fusion-boosted weapon test by India; first deployable fission weapon test by India.
7694:
7612:
7291:
6842:
5528:
290:
103:
6123:
Danielson, Jeremy; Bauer, Amy L. (September 2016). Nightshade Prototype Experiments (Silverleaf).
4510:: Prior to March 2009, the U.S. was the only nation to compensate nuclear test victims. Since the
4275:
35-40% reduction in ICBMs with verification. Treaty expired 5 December 2009, renewed (see below).
3548:: 210 tests by official count (50 atmospheric, 160 underground), four atomic atmospheric tests at
7538:
6757:"Radiation Exposure Compensation System: Claims to Date Summary of Claims Received by 06/11/2009"
6756:
5128:
Largest thermonuclear weapon ever tested—scaled down from its initial 100 Mt design by 50%.
3451:
3400:
3198:
3174:
3110:
3045:
1200:
912:
894:
768:
132:
5938:
5541: – Academic and policy-relevant field on problems in the nuclear weapons and energy complex
4864:" thermonuclear weapon, with cryogenic fusion fuel, primarily a test device and not weaponized.
4534:: There is no formal British government compensation program. However, nearly 1,000 veterans of
4413:
Bans all nuclear testing, peaceful and otherwise. Strong detection and verification mechanism (
3736:
3322:
contrast, atomic bombs' yields are typically measured in kilotons, or about 1,000 tons of TNT.
2247:
Plutonium surface studies (optical analysis of spall). Used wrought plutonium from Rocky Flats.
7354:
5812:
5574:
5544:
5419:
5209:
5047:
2985:
Plutonium subcritical test designed to confirm supercomputer simulations for stockpile safety.
6350:
3144:
Atomic and nuclear tests can involve many hazards. Some of these were illustrated in the U.S.
7597:
7171:
7041:
5463:
5423:
3805:
3213:, involving dozens of tests, including the explosion of a missile launched from a submarine.
3149:
3073:
3049:
1153:
of fissile material. They are the only type of tests allowed under the interpretation of the
903:
testing refers to nuclear tests conducted under the surface of the earth, at varying depths.
764:
597:
172:
157:
93:
6217:
5610:
is 8 hours after local time; UT dates are one day after local date for UT times after 16:00.
3162:
7347:
7248:
7155:
7120:
7055:
7034:
6255:. Las Vegas, NV: Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office. 2000-12-01. Archived from
5967:
5457:
5411:
4779:
4596:
4280:
4071:
Restricts ABM development; additional protocol added in 1974; abrogated by the US in 2002.
3963:
3778:
3700:
There may also have been at least three alleged but unacknowledged nuclear explosions (see
3529:
series) are not included in that number, though safety experiments by other countries are.
3366:
3318:
3289:
3097:
3028:
1146:
1132:
983:
975:
971:
921:
907:
made up the majority of nuclear tests by the United States and the Soviet Union during the
729:
693:. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how
682:
358:
120:
108:
42:
4685:, first detonation of a uranium gun-type device, first use of a nuclear device in combat.
3022:
8:
7375:
7333:
7298:
7127:
6927:
6519:
Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
6489:
Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
5863:
4811:
4190:
1099:
1073:
862:
162:
5571: – Hole or depression left on the surface over the site of an underground explosion
2452:
April–May 2005, a series of mini-hydronuclear experiments interpreting Armando results.
771:, pledging to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, or in
7522:
7459:
7241:
7192:
7148:
7113:
7092:
7062:
6985:
6782:
6235:
6095:
5580:
5522:
5145:
4723:
3940:
3502:
3348:
3116:
The early tests were used primarily to discern the military effects of atomic weapons (
6522:
5430:
and the tests by India and Pakistan in 1998, are somewhat contested among specialists.
4794:
First boosted nuclear weapon test, first weapon test to employ fusion in any measure.
30:
7622:
7319:
7305:
7284:
7234:
7220:
7206:
7134:
7106:
7069:
7048:
7013:
7006:
6738:
6728:
6582:
6578:
6463:
6338:
6197:
6144:
6069:"Subcritical experiment captures scientific measurements to advance stockpile safety"
5568:
5562:
4141:
Prohibits higher than 150 kt, or 1500kt in aggregate, testing for peaceful purposes.
3766:
3210:
3065:
3057:
2862:, the plutonium was replaced by a surrogate; this is a dress rehearsal for the later
1128:
1007:
925:
893:
of otherwise non-radioactive material. This definition of atmospheric is used in the
886:
698:
167:
152:
147:
142:
78:
6492:
6238:(Report). Office of Technology Assessment. 31 October 1989. p. 11. OTA-ISC-414.
4164:
Bans use and emplacement of nuclear weapons on the moon and other celestial bodies.
2555:
February 6 – May 3, 2007, 12 mini-hydronuclear experiments in thermos-sized flasks.
1088:
873:). Nuclear explosions close enough to the ground to draw dirt and debris into their
7501:
7434:
7418:
7382:
7340:
7326:
7312:
7277:
7227:
7027:
6720:
6713:
6574:
6434:
6189:
6134:
4515:
4027:
Bans emplacement of nuclear weapons on the ocean floor outside territorial waters.
3893:
3580:
3396:
3209:, the largest nuclear weapon ever tested. The United States responded in 1962 with
3186:
3106:
3102:
741:
343:
3361:
7633:
7577:
7543:
7517:
7185:
7085:
6999:
6992:
6882:
Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty Organization
6876:
6690:
6193:
6100:
5415:
4963:
4568:
4484:
3715:
A summary table of all the nuclear testing that has happened since 1945 is here:
3661:
3506:
3157:
3081:
1142:
979:
960:, and charged particles resulting from the blast can cross hemispheres following
878:
689:. Such tests have resulted until 2020 in up to 2.4 million people dying from its
348:
88:
5775:"Supercomputers offer tools for nuclear testing — and solving nuclear mysteries"
3822:
Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
3230:
to conduct "virtual" testing, but codes need to be validated against test data.
7439:
7264:
7076:
6928:
The Woodrow Wilson Center's Nuclear Proliferation International History Project
6797:
6218:"Radioactive Fallout - Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War - Historical Documents"
5538:
5242:
5080:
4572:
4496:
3762:
3489:
3458:. Others include rocket tests and peaceful-use explosions at various sites in
3253:
3153:
3084:, which was not well understood by the project scientists until well after the
2915:
Expected to be a plutonium subcritical test with a scaled-down warhead mockup.
1175:
874:
757:
737:
717:
690:
686:
536:
353:
177:
125:
55:
35:
6901:
6317:
6283:"Blasts from the Past: Old Nuke Test Films Offer New Insights [Video]"
5701:
5658:
5640:
5619:
4544:: Decades later, Russia offered compensation to veterans who were part of the
3817:
China, and North Korea have never signed the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
3765:
as a result of a scenario of a concentrated number of nuclear explosions in a
2756:
Not even a subcritical, contained no plutonium; a dress rehearsal for Pollux.
897:, which banned this class of testing along with exoatmospheric and underwater.
7683:
7592:
7464:
7178:
7162:
6886:
6869:
6626:
6586:
6544:
5688:
5553:
5015:
4580:
4205:
Bans nuclear weapons in South Pacific Ocean and islands. US never ratified.
3705:
3657:
3518:
3455:
3383:
3354:
3227:
3218:
2968:
2955:
2897:
2884:
2840:
2827:
2789:
2776:
2738:
2725:
2688:
2675:
2638:
2625:
2588:
2575:
2537:
2524:
2486:
2473:
2434:
2421:
2383:
2370:
2333:
2320:
2281:
2268:
2229:
2216:
2178:
2165:
2127:
2114:
2077:
2064:
2027:
2014:
1977:
1964:
1927:
1914:
1876:
1863:
1826:
1813:
1776:
1763:
1726:
1713:
1675:
1662:
1624:
1611:
1574:
1561:
1523:
1510:
1472:
1459:
1421:
1408:
1369:
1356:
1319:
1306:
1272:
1259:
1221:
1208:
1150:
1124:
961:
753:
708:
The first nuclear device was detonated as a test by the United States at the
46:
27:
Controlled detonation of nuclear weapons for scientific or political purposes
6691:"The Status of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Signatories and Ratifiers"
5192:
First "staged" thermonuclear weapon test by the People's Republic of China.
5062:
First (successful) "staged" thermonuclear weapon test by the United Kingdom
4185:
Limits strategic arms. Kept but not ratified by the US, abrogated in 1986.
7663:
7658:
7640:
7587:
7449:
6742:
5836:
4998:
First "staged" thermonuclear weapon test by the Soviet Union (deployable).
4947:
4623:
4441:
Reduces warheads to 1700–2200 in ten years. Expired, replaced by START II.
3467:
3442:
3370:
3273:
3257:
3145:
3137:
3076:
was feasible, and to give an idea of what the actual size and effects of a
3069:
3053:
3033:
1057:
842:
749:
709:
39:
6896:
6323:
4966:
accident occurred. Largest nuclear detonation conducted by United States.
4563:
The following list is of milestone nuclear explosions. In addition to the
756:
on October 30, 1961, with the largest yield ever seen, an estimated 50–58
7582:
7485:
7444:
6798:"Pakistan Nuclear Weapons: A Brief History of Pakistan's Nuclear Program"
4146:
3750:
3741:
3675:
3415:
3032:(foreground) in Hong Kong Harbor in 1967, was involved in several famous
1107:
1019:, which together constitute a single test), the lists are of explosions.
882:
803:
772:
694:
6962:
4417:). US has signed and adheres to the treaty, though has not ratified it.
1127:
with a variety of fissile material compositions, densities, shapes, and
7454:
7259:
5427:
5275:
5113:
4657:
4519:
4500:
3828:
The following is a list of the treaties applicable to nuclear testing:
3770:
3746:
3572:
3514:
3471:
3463:
3419:
3206:
3182:
3122:
1103:
957:
866:
745:
713:
6148:
5996:
3169:
5476: – Nuclear detonations in the upper layers of Earth's atmosphere
4962:
First "staged" thermonuclear weapon using dry fusion fuel. A serious
4678:
4004:
Bans the proliferation of nuclear technology to non-nuclear nations.
3793:
There are many existing anti-nuclear explosion treaties, notably the
3498:
45:
test in 1954, the largest nuclear weapons test ever conducted by the
6139:
6046:
5937:
Papazian, Ghazar R.; Reinovsky, Robert E.; Beatty, Jerry N. (2003).
7140:
6724:
5711:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from
5307:
4883:
4845:
4326:
3648:
3633:: Six underground explosions (including the first one in 1974), at
3611:
3561:
3411:
3404:
3242:
3237:
of 1996, which has not, as of 2013, been ratified by eight of the "
3126:
3040:
908:
763:
With the advent of nuclear technology and its increasing impact an
733:
6778:"Troops Who Cleaned Up Radioactive Islands Can't Get Medical Care"
5480:
Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country
4487:, various studies were done to assess the extent of the hazard. A
5794:"Supercomputers can't perfectly simulate nuclear blasts: Experts"
5398:
First "staged" thermonuclear weapon test claimed by North Korea.
4702:
4640:
First fission-device test, first plutonium implosion detonation.
4446:
4257:
3754:
3634:
3603:
3576:
3565:
3553:
3475:
3178:
3132:
929:
917:
721:
6849:
Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons
6843:
https://nyupress.org/9781479815340/downwind-of-the-atomic-state/
5556: – 1961 nuclear test explosion in New Mexico, United States
3867:
USSR unilaterally stops testing provided the West does as well.
3005:
Plutonium subcritical test designed to measure ejecta emission.
328:
6903:"Time-lapse map of all nuclear weapon tests from 1945 to 1998."
6250:"United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992"
5736:
Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl; Richards, Paul R.
5702:
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (October 1989).
5547: – Process by which nuclear WMDs are designed and produced
4983:
4915:
3568:
3540:
3459:
3423:
3407:
3304:
3222:
1141:
are any type of tests involving nuclear materials and possibly
978:), or to evaluate potential sea-based nuclear weapons (such as
871:
List of nuclear weapons tests#Tests of live warheads on rockets
705:
publicly declared their nuclear status through a nuclear test.
6829:
Nuclear Rites: A Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War
3571:, and nuclear atmospheric and underground tests at and around
3072:". The test was originally to confirm that the implosion-type
2935:
Plutonium subcritical test with a scaled down warhead mockup.
6922:
5160:
First fission-weapon test by the People's Republic of China.
4930:
First fusion-weapon test by the Soviet Union (not "staged").
4747:
4727:
4682:
4414:
3981:
Bans testing in South America and the Caribbean Sea Islands.
3761:
While nuclear weapons testing did not produce scenarios like
3625:
3594:
3092:
63:
5966:
Thorn, Robert N.; Westervelt, Donald R. (February 1, 1987).
5565: – "Spikes" emanating from suspended nuclear explosions
5360:
First fission-weapon test by North Korea (plutonium-based).
4094:
Promises to make all efforts to promote security and peace.
5838:
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Issues and Arguments
4298:
Allows for unencumbered surveillance over all signatories.
6912:
6602:"Resuming Nuclear Testing a Slap in the Face to Survivors"
6047:"U.S. Sneaks in 'Vega,' Its 28th Subcritical Nuclear Test"
2912:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2855:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2804:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2753:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2703:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2653:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2603:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2552:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2501:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2449:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
2398:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
2348:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
2296:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
2244:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
2193:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
2142:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
2092:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
2042:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1992:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1942:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1891:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1841:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1791:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1741:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1690:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1639:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1589:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1538:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1487:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 290 metres (950 ft)
1436:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 293 metres (961 ft)
1384:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 293 metres (961 ft)
1334:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
1287:
1,222 metres (4,009 ft) and 190 metres (620 ft)
1239:
Series of 50 tests during US/USSR joint nuclear test ban.
681:
are experiments carried out to determine the performance,
4457:
4452:
4433:
4428:
4403:
4384:
4379:
4360:
4355:
4336:
4331:
4313:
4308:
4290:
4285:
4267:
4262:
4244:
4239:
4221:
4216:
4195:
4175:
4156:
4151:
4133:
4128:
4109:
4104:
4086:
4081:
4063:
4058:
4038:
4019:
4014:
3996:
3991:
3973:
3968:
3950:
3945:
3927:
3922:
3903:
3898:
3880:
3875:
3859:
3854:
3782:
3774:
2995:
2945:
2925:
2817:
2766:
2715:
2665:
2615:
2565:
2514:
2462:
2411:
2360:
2309:
2257:
2205:
2154:
2104:
2054:
2004:
1954:
1904:
1853:
1803:
1753:
1703:
1652:
1601:
1551:
1500:
1449:
1397:
1346:
1195:
1160:
Subcritical tests executed by the United States include:
1145:(like those mentioned above) that purposely result in no
865:. Generally, these have occurred as devices detonated on
725:
6881:
6366:"British nuclear weapons testing in Australia | ARPANSA"
5914:"Subcritical nuke tests may be resumed at Novaya Zemlya"
3173:
Because of concerns about worldwide fallout levels, the
1894:
Plutonium surface ejecta studies, followup to Cimarron.
1693:
Holog and Clarinet may have switched places on the map.
1236:
2,183 metres (7,162 ft) and 20 metres (66 ft)
1123:
determine the quantity of fissile material required for
846:
Four major types of nuclear testing: 1. atmospheric, 2.
6923:
Atomic Bomb website and nuclear weapon testing articles
6564:
5936:
5558:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
5549:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
5422:. For a more complete list of nuclear test series, see
3521:, plus 24 in the United States at the Nevada Test Site
3036:
protest voyages against nuclear testing in the Pacific.
6851:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998.
4117:
Prohibits higher than 150 kt for underground testing.
3685:
escalating tensions between them and the United States
3044:
The 6,900-square-mile (18,000 km) expanse of the
2807:
A subcritical test with a scaled-down warhead mockup.
6838:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1994.
6831:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996.
6164:"The lasting toll of Semipalatinsk's nuclear testing"
6022:
Nevada Test Site: U1a Complex subcritical experiments
3958:
Bans testing on the moon and other celestial bodies.
1083:
861:
testing designates explosions that take place in the
787:
continued until 1980. Neither has signed the treaty.
7603:
Unethical human experimentation in the United States
6964:
Nuclear weapons tests conducted by the United States
5585:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
5494:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
5468:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
5460: – Type of wave interaction causing shock waves
5438:
911:; other forms of nuclear testing were banned by the
6096:"US conducted subcritical nuclear test in November"
6027:(Report). DOE Nevada. February 2003. Archived from
5735:
5224:First "staged" thermonuclear weapon test by France
3602:: 45 tests (23 atmospheric and 22 underground), at
2401:Plutonium spall measurements using x-ray analysis.
732:technology test of an engineered device, codenamed
6188:. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 219–260.
5513:List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States
5426:. Some exact yield estimates, such as that of the
3614:There are two additional unnumbered failed tests.
3221:), which has since dismantled all of its weapons.
6161:
5705:The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions
4828:First fission weapon test by the United Kingdom.
7681:
6858:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.
6683:
6271:This is usually cited as the "official" US list.
5997:"Underground explosions are music to their ears"
5864:"Nuclear Weapons: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty"
5844:, Congressional Research Service, pp. 20–22
5834:
5791:
5747:
5700:For a longer and more technical discussion, see
5322:First fission weapon (boosted) test by Pakistan
1490:Holog and Clarinet may have switched locations.
6820:
6712:Council, National Research (11 February 2003).
5965:
5466: – history museum in Nevada, United States
5258:First fission nuclear explosive test by India.
4762:First fission-weapon test by the Soviet Union.
4558:
4350:Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
1149:. The name refers to the lack of creation of a
6122:
5810:
5525: – Military exercise using live munitions
5492: – It is observed on August 29 every Year
1064:stopped all nuclear testing among signatories.
942:, and shaft tests in vertically drilled holes.
783:continued atmospheric testing until 1974, and
6948:
6355:An equivalent list available on the internet.
5911:
4709:
4235:Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
3337:
3177:was signed in 1963. Above are the per capita
716:on July 16, 1945, with a yield approximately
659:
298:
6640:"CTBTO Factsheet: Ending Nuclear Explosions"
5785:
5386:
5348:
3717:Worldwide nuclear testing counts and summary
3113:) for extensive atomic and nuclear testing.
920:activity of a magnitude that depends on the
6066:
5766:
5410:"Staged" refers to whether it was a "true"
4664:
4630:
4471:
4258:Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty I (START I)
3788:
3777:per year worldwide, or about 7% of average
834:occurred in September 2017 in North Korea.
6955:
6941:
6308:The official Russian list of Soviet tests.
5814:Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions
5588:(documentary about nuclear weapon testing)
4489:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4368:Bans nuclear weapons from southeast Asia.
4327:Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II)
4077:Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War
3202:testing until 1974, and China until 1980.
666:
652:
327:
305:
291:
62:
7653:Trinity and Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie
6512:
6460:"Pakistan Special Weapons - A Chronology"
6236:The Containment of Underground Explosions
6183:
6138:
5583: – 1995 film directed by Peter Kuran
4898:Largest pure-fission weapon ever tested.
4565:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4048:A five-year ban on installing launchers.
3911:Bans testing of all kinds in Antarctica.
3369:, a nuclear test by the United States at
3086:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2866:. The target was a weapons pit mock-up.
6918:Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
5888:"US conducts 'subcritical' nuclear test"
4423:Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions
4211:Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
3740:
3687:. Their most recent nuclear test was on
3360:
3353:black dot indicates the location of the
3347:
3168:
3131:
3039:
3021:
1087:
841:
29:
7608:International Day against Nuclear Tests
6711:
6485:"Atmospheric δC record from Wellington"
6228:
6179:
6177:
6162:Togzhan Kassenova (28 September 2009).
6044:
5939:"The New World of the Nevada Test Site"
5861:
5772:
5490:International Day against Nuclear Tests
4374:African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty
3018:Timeline of nuclear weapons development
970:testing involves nuclear devices being
14:
7682:
6790:
6693:. Arms Control Association. March 2014
6667:"Status of signature and ratification"
6320:"Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing"
5994:
5753:
3773:), reaching levels of about 0.15
850:, 3. exoatmospheric, and 4. underwater
6936:
6897:What About Radiation on Bikini Atoll?
6599:
6045:Kishner, Andrew (18 September 2018).
5509:(including nuclear weapons accidents)
5096:First fission weapon test by France.
4594:
4398:Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
3799:Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
3737:Nuclear fallout § Global fallout
3428:Nuclear weapons and the United States
1155:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
802:last tested nuclear weapons in 1998.
792:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
7647:Reactor-grade plutonium nuclear test
7572:Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy
6593:
6558:
6174:
5593:
5418:configuration or simply a form of a
3935:Ban on all but underground testing.
7628:Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
5518:List of states with nuclear weapons
4512:Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
3105:) and was also using a site in the
24:
5835:Jonathan Medalia (12 March 2008),
5507:List of military nuclear accidents
4123:Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty
3721:
3532:The United Kingdom's summary table
3501:territory, including three at the
1642:Plutonium surface ejecta studies.
1084:Alternatives to full-scale testing
1053:Nuclear test detection experiments
832:most recent confirmed nuclear test
25:
7706:
6913:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
6870:Federation of American Scientists
6863:
6856:Nuclear Fear: A History of Images
6802:Federation of American Scientists
6168:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
5995:Conrad, David C. (July 1, 2000).
4170:Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty
3730:
3556:, 13 atomic underground tests at
3395:. These tests include 904 at the
3125:. During the later phases of the
3121:on a limited scale, primarily in
885:of the debris (particularly with
6579:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00015
6280:
5912:Thomas Nilsen (2 October 2012).
5862:Medalia, Jonathan (2005-03-11).
5811:Carey Sublette (9 August 2001),
5773:Hoffman, David E. (2011-11-01).
5502: – 2006 book by Peter Kuran
5500:How to Photograph an Atomic Bomb
5441:
4392:Bans nuclear weapons in Africa.
4304:US unilateral testing moratorium
4033:Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
3987:Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty
3674:
3656:: Six underground explosions at
3647:
3624:
3593:
3539:
3497:: 45 tests, of which 12 were in
3488:
3441:
3382:
3297:
3281:
3265:
3048:(indicated in red), attached to
950:high-altitude nuclear explosions
635:
634:
7669:Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll
6770:
6749:
6705:
6659:
6632:
6619:
6537:
6513:Levin, I.; et al. (1994).
6506:
6477:
6452:
6427:
6403:
6378:
6358:
6311:
6299:
6274:
6242:
6210:
6155:
6116:
6088:
6060:
6038:
6014:
5988:
5959:
5930:
5905:
5880:
5792:Associated Press (2006-10-18).
5652:
5634:
5613:
5600:
5474:High-altitude nuclear explosion
3917:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
3795:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
3276:", took place on July 16, 1945.
7566:National Atomic Testing Museum
7470:Nevada Test and Training Range
6126:Los Alamos National Laboratory
6067:O'Brien, Nolan (24 May 2019).
5869:. Congressional Record Service
5855:
5828:
5804:
5738:"Worldwide Nuclear Explosions"
5729:
5694:
5681:
4536:Christmas Island nuclear tests
3606:Nuclear Weapons Test Base, in
3454:and the Northern Test Area at
3250:total nuclear test megatonnage
3056:). The site comprised an area
1092:Subcritical experiment at the
990:
956:(NEMP) when they occur in the
877:can generate large amounts of
13:
1:
6600:Adams, Lilly (May 26, 2020).
6001:Science and Technology Review
5608:Nevada National Security Site
4054:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
3702:list of alleged nuclear tests
3515:Christmas Island (Kiritimati)
3344:List of nuclear weapons tests
3235:Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
1094:Nevada National Security Site
1062:Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
964:to create an auroral display.
954:nuclear electromagnetic pulse
6821:General and cited references
6194:10.1007/978-3-662-03610-5_17
5754:Scoles, Sarah (2023-04-20).
5674:
4559:Milestone nuclear explosions
4465:Same provisions as START I.
3811:Totskoye range nuclear tests
3523:as part of joint test series
7:
6435:"Nuclear Weapons Test List"
5434:
4478:Environmental impact of war
3694:North Korea's summary table
3431:predictions of explosions.
1139:Subcritical (or cold) tests
1069:Peaceful nuclear explosions
905:Underground nuclear testing
777:underground nuclear testing
321:Weapons of mass destruction
10:
7711:
6625:U.S. Department of State,
5968:"Hydronuclear Experiments"
5485:History of nuclear weapons
4583:) have not been included.
4475:
4010:Seabed Arms Control Treaty
3734:
3341:
3338:Nuclear testing by country
3068:, and given the codename "
3015:
3011:
1022:
962:geomagnetic lines of force
7556:
7531:
7510:
7494:
7478:
7427:
7401:
7392:
6970:
6186:Atmospheric Nuclear Tests
5449:Nuclear technology portal
4493:National Cancer Institute
4425:(SORT, Treaty of Moscow)
4100:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
3481:Soviet Union's table data
3434:United States' table data
1121:Critical mass experiments
934:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
891:radioactive contamination
7613:Nevada Desert Experience
6515:"δC record from Vermunt"
5529:National Technical Means
4522:in the Marshall Islands.
4472:Compensation for victims
3789:Treaties against testing
3726:Graph of nuclear testing
3667:Pakistan's summary table
3525:). 43 safety tests (the
3312:
3272:The first atomic test, "
837:
7690:Nuclear weapons testing
7618:Nuclear weapons testing
7539:Pacific Proving Grounds
6627:Limited Test Ban Treaty
6547:. University of Utrecht
5975:LANL Report LA-10902-MS
5689:Limited Test Ban Treaty
3894:Antarctic Treaty System
3452:Semipalatinsk Test Site
3401:Pacific Proving Grounds
3199:Partial Test Ban Treaty
3175:Partial Test Ban Treaty
3111:Pacific Proving Grounds
3046:Semipalatinsk Test Site
1201:Los Alamos National Lab
1011:has separate items for
913:Limited Test Ban Treaty
895:Limited Test Ban Treaty
775:. The treaty permitted
769:Limited Test Ban Treaty
7419:Carson National Forest
6887:Nuclear Weapon Archive
6491:. 1994. Archived from
6415:Assemblee-nationale.fr
5606:Universal Time at the
5575:Test Readiness Program
5545:Nuclear weapons design
5420:boosted fission weapon
4499:linked to exposure to
3872:Bilateral testing ban
3758:
3727:
3586:France's summary table
3426:outside the NNSS (see
3374:
3365:"Baker Shot", part of
3358:
3319:yields of atomic bombs
3190:
3141:
3061:
3037:
2969:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2898:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2841:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2790:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2739:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2689:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2639:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2589:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2538:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2435:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2384:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2334:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
2282:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2230:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
2179:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
2128:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
2078:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
2028:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
1978:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
1928:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
1877:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
1827:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
1777:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
1727:37.01095°N 116.05877°W
1676:37.01003°N 116.05898°W
1625:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
1575:37.01021°N 116.05886°W
1524:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
1473:37.01036°N 116.05888°W
1422:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
1370:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
1320:37.01099°N 116.05848°W
1273:37.01139°N 116.05983°W
1222:35.82289°N 106.30216°W
1096:
1002:
916:by definition, causes
851:
703:nuclear weapons states
49:
7598:Desert Rock exercises
6847:Schwartz, Stephen I.
5470:(in Nevada in the US)
5464:Atomic Testing Museum
5424:List of nuclear tests
3806:Desert Rock exercises
3744:
3725:
3640:India's summary table
3617:China's summary table
3513:and Emu Field, 9 at
3505:and nine in mainland
3364:
3351:
3172:
3135:
3074:nuclear weapon design
3043:
3025:
2487:36.98663°N 116.0439°W
1192:A series of 50 tests
1133:criticality accidents
1091:
997:
845:
765:anti-nuclear movement
679:Nuclear weapons tests
33:
6545:"Radiocarbon dating"
6525:on 23 September 2008
5458:Atmospheric focusing
5412:thermonuclear weapon
4352:(Treaty of Bangkok)
4281:Treaty on Open Skies
3964:Treaty of Tlatelolco
3851:Unilateral USSR ban
3779:background radiation
3367:Operation Crossroads
3098:Operation Crossroads
3029:Phoenix of Hiroshima
2974:37.01139; -116.05983
2903:37.01139; -116.05983
2846:37.01139; -116.05983
2795:37.01139; -116.05983
2744:37.01139; -116.05983
2694:37.01139; -116.05983
2644:37.01139; -116.05983
2594:37.01139; -116.05983
2543:37.01139; -116.05983
2440:37.01139; -116.05983
2389:37.01139; -116.05983
2339:37.01095; -116.05877
2287:37.01139; -116.05983
2235:37.01139; -116.05983
2184:37.01095; -116.05877
2133:37.01095; -116.05877
2083:37.01095; -116.05877
2033:37.01095; -116.05877
1983:37.01095; -116.05877
1933:37.01095; -116.05877
1882:37.01139; -116.05983
1832:37.01095; -116.05877
1782:37.01095; -116.05877
1732:37.01095; -116.05877
1681:37.01003; -116.05898
1630:37.01139; -116.05983
1580:37.01021; -116.05886
1529:37.01139; -116.05983
1478:37.01036; -116.05888
1427:37.01139; -116.05983
1375:37.01139; -116.05983
1325:37.01099; -116.05848
1278:37.01139; -116.05983
1227:35.82289; -106.30216
976:Operation Crossroads
972:detonated underwater
736:, was tested at the
730:thermonuclear weapon
187:Nuclear-armed states
43:thermonuclear weapon
6287:Scientific American
5918:barentsobserver.com
4410:yes (effectively)
4376:(Pelindaba Treaty)
4191:Treaty of Rarotonga
2965: /
2894: /
2837: /
2786: /
2735: /
2685: /
2635: /
2585: /
2534: /
2492:36.98663; -116.0439
2483: /
2431: /
2380: /
2330: /
2278: /
2226: /
2175: /
2124: /
2074: /
2024: /
1974: /
1924: /
1873: /
1823: /
1773: /
1723: /
1672: /
1621: /
1571: /
1520: /
1469: /
1418: /
1366: /
1316: /
1269: /
1218: /
1184:Elevation + Height
1167:
1100:Computer simulation
1074:Operation Plowshare
1042:of nuclear warfare.
7465:Sand Springs Range
6875:2016-09-04 at the
6854:Weart, Spencer R.
6834:Hacker, Barton C.
6804:. 11 December 2002
6786:. 28 January 2017.
6783:The New York Times
6495:on 1 February 2014
6349:has generic name (
5946:Los Alamos Science
5581:Trinity and Beyond
5534:Nuclear test sites
5523:Live fire exercise
5372:September 3, 2017
5074:February 13, 1960
4978:November 22, 1955
4404:September 10, 1996
3941:Outer Space Treaty
3759:
3728:
3503:Montebello Islands
3375:
3359:
3191:
3189:from 1951 to 1962.
3163:Daigo Fukuryū Maru
3142:
3062:
3038:
2566:September 16, 2010
2315:NTS Area U1a.102C
2310:September 19, 2003
2258:September 26, 2002
2160:NTS Area U1a.102C
2109:NTS Area U1a.102C
2059:NTS Area U1a.102C
2055:September 26, 2001
2009:NTS Area U1a.102C
1959:NTS Area U1a.102C
1909:NTS Area U1a.102C
1808:NTS Area U1a.102C
1758:NTS Area U1a.102C
1708:NTS Area U1a.102C
1704:September 30, 1999
1657:NTS Area U1a.101C
1556:NTS Area U1a.101B
1552:September 26, 1998
1454:NTS Area U1a.101A
1450:September 18, 1997
1301:NTS Area U1a-102D
1163:
1114:Hydronuclear tests
1097:
1046:Safety experiments
852:
699:nuclear explosions
50:
7677:
7676:
7623:Project Plowshare
7552:
7551:
6827:Gusterson, Hugh.
6386:"UK/US Agreement"
6222:Atomciarchive.com
6203:978-3-642-08359-4
6104:. 16 January 2021
5892:zeenews.india.com
5594:Explanatory notes
5569:Subsidence crater
5563:Rope trick effect
5414:of the so-called
5402:
5401:
5379:2017 nuclear test
5341:2006 nuclear test
5140:October 16, 1964
5108:October 31, 1961
5042:November 8, 1957
4877:November 16, 1952
4840:November 1, 1952
4469:
4468:
4356:December 15, 1995
4240:November 19, 1990
4134:December 11, 1990
4110:December 11, 1990
4015:February 11, 1971
3969:February 14, 1967
3843:In effect today?
3767:nuclear holocaust
3689:September 3, 2017
3239:Annex 2 countries
3211:Operation Dominic
3078:nuclear explosion
3066:Manhattan Project
3058:the size of Wales
3009:
3008:
3000:Nevada test site
2946:February 13, 2019
2930:Nevada test site
2926:December 13, 2017
2716:September 1, 2012
2670:NTS Area U1a.05?
2620:NTS Area U1a.05?
2570:NTS Area U1a.05?
2105:December 13, 2001
2005:December 14, 2000
1602:December 11, 1998
1165:Subcritical Tests
1008:Operation Cresset
980:nuclear torpedoes
926:subsidence crater
887:neutron radiation
685:, and effects of
676:
675:
315:
314:
79:Nuclear explosion
16:(Redirected from
7702:
7435:Nevada Test Site
7399:
7398:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6934:
6933:
6904:
6892:NuclearFiles.org
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6761:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6644:
6636:
6630:
6623:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6562:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6530:
6521:. Archived from
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6462:. Archived from
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6388:. Archived from
6382:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6362:
6356:
6354:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6322:. Archived from
6315:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6261:
6254:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6159:
6153:
6152:
6142:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6026:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5972:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5943:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5868:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5717:
5710:
5698:
5692:
5685:
5668:
5665:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5638:
5632:
5626:
5617:
5611:
5604:
5586:
5559:
5550:
5495:
5469:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5334:October 9, 2006
5333:
5331:
5301:
5299:
5269:
5267:
5247:
5235:
5233:
5204:August 24, 1968
5203:
5201:
5171:
5169:
5139:
5137:
5107:
5105:
5085:
5073:
5071:
5041:
5039:
5009:
5007:
4977:
4975:
4941:
4939:
4910:August 12, 1953
4909:
4907:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4839:
4837:
4825:
4806:October 3, 1952
4805:
4803:
4773:
4771:
4742:August 29, 1949
4741:
4739:
4711:
4696:
4694:
4666:
4651:
4649:
4632:
4617:
4615:
4586:
4585:
4516:Nevada Test Site
4459:
4458:January 26, 2011
4454:
4435:
4430:
4405:
4386:
4381:
4362:
4357:
4338:
4333:
4315:
4310:
4292:
4287:
4269:
4268:December 5, 1994
4264:
4246:
4241:
4223:
4218:
4217:December 8, 1987
4197:
4177:
4158:
4153:
4135:
4130:
4111:
4106:
4088:
4083:
4065:
4060:
4040:
4021:
4016:
3998:
3993:
3975:
3970:
3952:
3951:October 10, 1967
3947:
3946:January 27, 1967
3929:
3928:October 10, 1963
3924:
3905:
3900:
3899:December 1, 1959
3882:
3881:October 31, 1958
3877:
3861:
3856:
3831:
3830:
3704:) including the
3679:
3678:
3652:
3651:
3629:
3628:
3598:
3597:
3581:French Polynesia
3544:
3543:
3493:
3492:
3446:
3445:
3397:Nevada Test Site
3387:
3386:
3333:
3330:10 calories (4.2
3329:
3301:
3285:
3269:
3187:Nevada Test Site
3107:Marshall Islands
3103:Nevada Test Site
2997:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2947:
2927:
2909:
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2899:
2895:
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2887:
2852:
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2847:
2842:
2838:
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2800:
2798:
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2791:
2787:
2784:
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2782:
2779:
2768:
2767:December 5, 2012
2750:
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2666:February 2, 2011
2650:
2649:
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2640:
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2617:
2616:December 1, 2010
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2207:
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2089:
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2056:
2039:
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2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2006:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1956:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1934:
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1920:
1917:
1906:
1888:
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1805:
1804:February 3, 2000
1788:
1787:
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1778:
1774:
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1766:
1755:
1754:November 9, 1999
1738:
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1653:February 9, 1999
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1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1197:
1168:
1162:
742:Marshall Islands
668:
661:
654:
638:
637:
619:List of treaties
331:
317:
316:
307:
300:
293:
244:
138:Target selection
66:
52:
51:
21:
7710:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7699:
7695:Nuclear weapons
7680:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7634:The Atomic Cafe
7578:Alvin C. Graves
7558:
7548:
7527:
7506:
7490:
7474:
7423:
7394:
7388:
7369:Upshot–Knothole
7362:Tumbler–Snapper
6966:
6961:
6902:
6877:Wayback Machine
6866:
6861:
6823:
6818:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6796:
6795:
6791:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6735:
6710:
6706:
6696:
6694:
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6312:
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6300:
6291:
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6265:
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6229:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6204:
6182:
6175:
6160:
6156:
6140:10.2172/1338708
6121:
6117:
6107:
6105:
6101:NHK World-Japan
6094:
6093:
6089:
6079:
6077:
6065:
6061:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6039:
6034:on 17 May 2003.
6031:
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5870:
5866:
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5856:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5833:
5829:
5820:
5818:
5817:, section 4.1.9
5809:
5805:
5790:
5786:
5779:Washington Post
5771:
5767:
5752:
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5734:
5730:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5708:
5699:
5695:
5686:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5660:A video of the
5659:
5657:
5653:
5642:A video of the
5641:
5639:
5635:
5621:A video of the
5620:
5618:
5614:
5605:
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5596:
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5584:
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5467:
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5101:
5077:
5069:
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5037:
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5005:
5003:
4973:
4971:
4964:nuclear fallout
4937:
4935:
4905:
4903:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4835:
4833:
4821:
4801:
4799:
4769:
4767:
4737:
4735:
4697:August 9, 1945
4692:
4690:
4652:August 6, 1945
4647:
4645:
4613:
4611:
4600:
4561:
4546:1954 Totsk test
4485:nuclear fallout
4480:
4474:
4449:treaty renewal
4380:January 1, 1996
4337:January 1, 2002
4332:January 3, 1993
4314:October 2, 1992
4309:October 2, 1992
4291:January 1, 2002
4157:January 1, 1984
4152:January 1, 1979
4129:January 1, 1976
4039:January 1, 1972
3992:January 1, 1968
3837:Agreement date
3791:
3739:
3733:
3673:
3662:Chagai District
3646:
3623:
3592:
3538:
3507:South Australia
3487:
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3381:
3346:
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3327:
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3158:nuclear fallout
3082:nuclear fallout
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2010:
1982:
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1968:
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1955:August 18, 2000
1932:
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1196:January 1, 1960
1143:high explosives
1086:
1039:Weapons effects
1032:Weapons-related
1025:
993:
952:can generate a
937:
879:nuclear fallout
840:
687:nuclear weapons
672:
311:
262:
242:
232:
201:
56:Nuclear weapons
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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7460:Central Nevada
7457:
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7440:Frenchman Flat
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7292:Roller Coaster
7288:
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7265:Project 58/58A
7262:
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7077:Starfish Prime
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6864:External links
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6789:
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6725:10.17226/10621
6704:
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6618:
6592:
6573:(5): 690–705.
6567:Health Physics
6557:
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5539:Nuclear ethics
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5256:
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5243:Smiling Buddha
5237:
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5225:
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5217:
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5205:
5194:
5193:
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5185:
5182:
5173:
5172:June 17, 1967
5162:
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5081:Gerboise Bleue
5075:
5064:
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5058:United Kingdom
5055:
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5032:
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5026:United Kingdom
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5000:
4999:
4996:
4991:
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4979:
4968:
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4955:
4952:
4943:
4942:March 1, 1954
4932:
4931:
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4911:
4900:
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4896:
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4888:
4879:
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4618:July 16, 1945
4608:
4607:
4604:
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4595:
4593:
4590:
4577:Putative tests
4573:TNT equivalent
4560:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4549:
4539:
4532:United Kingdom
4529:
4523:
4497:thyroid cancer
4473:
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4455:
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4361:March 28, 1997
4358:
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4286:March 24, 1992
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4196:August 6, 1985
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4064:August 3, 1972
4061:
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4022:
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3999:
3994:
3989:
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3979:
3976:
3974:April 22, 1968
3971:
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3960:
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3943:
3937:
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3923:August 5, 1963
3920:
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3896:
3890:
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3876:August 2, 1958
3873:
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3862:
3860:March 31, 1958
3857:
3855:March 31, 1958
3852:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:In force date
3838:
3835:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3790:
3787:
3763:nuclear winter
3745:Atmospheric C
3735:Main article:
3732:
3731:Global fallout
3729:
3698:
3697:
3671:
3644:
3621:
3590:
3564:in the French
3536:
3495:United Kingdom
3485:
3438:
3342:Main article:
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3228:supercomputers
3016:Main article:
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2007:
2002:
1996:
1995:
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1990:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1907:
1902:
1896:
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1892:
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1856:
1854:March 22, 2000
1851:
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1503:
1501:March 25, 1998
1498:
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1036:
1024:
1021:
992:
989:
988:
987:
965:
946:Exoatmospheric
943:
898:
875:mushroom cloud
839:
836:
830:and 2017. The
828:September 2016
738:Enewetak Atoll
691:global fallout
674:
673:
671:
670:
663:
656:
648:
645:
644:
643:
642:
629:
628:
627:
626:
623:treaty parties
613:
612:
608:
607:
606:
605:
600:
595:
587:
586:
582:
581:
580:
579:
574:
569:
567:United Kingdom
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
371:
370:
364:
363:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
338:
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333:
332:
324:
323:
313:
312:
310:
309:
302:
295:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
256:
255:
250:
245:
236:
226:
225:
220:
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213:United Kingdom
210:
205:
190:
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183:
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175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
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145:
140:
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118:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
73:
72:
68:
67:
59:
58:
36:mushroom cloud
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7707:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7670:
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7638:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7593:Corbin Harney
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
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7573:
7569:
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7239:
7236:
7232:
7229:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7201:
7200:Little Feller
7197:
7194:
7190:
7187:
7183:
7180:
7176:
7173:
7169:
7164:
7163:Hardtack Teak
7160:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7129:
7125:
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7104:
7101:
7097:
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7087:
7083:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7067:
7064:
7060:
7057:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7032:
7029:
7025:
7022:
7021:Buster–Jangle
7018:
7015:
7011:
7008:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6983:
6980:
6976:
6975:
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6900:
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6890:
6888:
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6883:
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6874:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6857:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6826:
6825:
6803:
6799:
6793:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6773:
6765:
6758:
6752:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6734:9780309087131
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6708:
6692:
6686:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6648:
6641:
6635:
6628:
6622:
6607:
6603:
6596:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6561:
6546:
6540:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6509:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6480:
6466:on 2012-04-27
6465:
6461:
6455:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6416:
6412:
6406:
6392:on 2007-06-07
6391:
6387:
6381:
6367:
6361:
6352:
6340:
6326:on 2013-12-19
6325:
6321:
6314:
6302:
6288:
6284:
6277:
6262:on 2006-10-12
6258:
6251:
6245:
6237:
6231:
6223:
6219:
6213:
6205:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
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6169:
6165:
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6119:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6091:
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6075:
6070:
6063:
6048:
6041:
6030:
6023:
6017:
6002:
5998:
5991:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5865:
5858:
5840:
5839:
5831:
5816:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5795:
5788:
5780:
5776:
5769:
5761:
5757:
5750:
5739:
5732:
5718:on 2013-02-27
5714:
5707:
5706:
5697:
5690:
5684:
5680:
5666:
5663:
5655:
5648:
5645:
5637:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5616:
5609:
5603:
5599:
5587:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5555:
5554:Project Gnome
5552:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5508:
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5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5439:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5374:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5336:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5302:May 28, 1998
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5270:May 11, 1998
5262:
5261:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5238:
5236:May 18, 1974
5228:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5186:
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5179:
5174:
5164:
5163:
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5142:
5132:
5131:
5127:
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5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:
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5110:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
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5087:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5076:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5016:Orange Herald
5012:
5010:May 31, 1957
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4958:United States
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4894:United States
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:United States
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4790:United States
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4715:United States
4713:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4670:United States
4668:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4636:United States
4634:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4606:Significance
4605:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:Vela incident
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4508:United States
4506:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4479:
4464:
4461:
4456:
4453:April 8, 2010
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4385:July 16, 2009
4383:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4266:
4263:July 31, 1991
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4245:July 17, 1992
4243:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:June 18, 1979
4174:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4087:June 22, 1973
4085:
4082:June 22, 1973
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3997:March 5, 1970
3995:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:June 23, 1961
3902:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:Vela incident
3703:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3658:Ras Koh Hills
3655:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3519:Pacific Ocean
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:Novaya Zemlya
3453:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:, 106 at the
3398:
3394:
3390:
3389:United States
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3355:Vela incident
3350:
3345:
3335:
3334:10 kJ).
3323:
3320:
3306:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3219:Vela incident
3214:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:contamination
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:November 2020
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2950:NTS Area U1a
2949:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2879:NTS Area U1a
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2822:NTS Area U1a
2821:
2818:June 15, 2014
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2771:NTS Area U1a
2770:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2720:NTS Area U1a
2719:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2519:NTS Area U1a
2518:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2468:NTS Area U6c
2467:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2416:NTS Area U1a
2415:
2412:April 1, 2005
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2365:NTS Area U1a
2364:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2263:NTS Area U1a
2262:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2211:NTS Area U1a
2210:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1908:
1905:April 6, 2000
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1858:NTS Area U1a
1857:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1606:NTS Area U1a
1605:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1505:NTS Area U1a
1504:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1403:NTS Area U1a
1402:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1351:NTS Area U1a
1350:
1347:March 1, 1995
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1203:Test Area 49
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:critical mass
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1001:
996:
985:
984:depth charges
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
944:
941:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
899:
896:
892:
889:) as well as
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:
856:
855:
849:
844:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
808:nuclear tests
805:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
754:Novaya Zemlya
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
669:
664:
662:
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655:
650:
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647:
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641:
633:
632:
631:
630:
624:
620:
617:
616:
615:
614:
610:
609:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
588:
585:Proliferation
584:
583:
578:
575:
573:
572:United States
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
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533:
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203:United States
200:
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193:
192:
191:
188:
185:
184:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
158:Proliferation
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
122:
119:
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70:
69:
65:
61:
60:
57:
54:
53:
48:
47:United States
44:
41:
37:
32:
19:
7664:Louis Vitale
7659:Vela Uniform
7651:
7641:Radio Bikini
7639:
7632:
7617:
7588:Chuck Hansen
7570:
7450:Rainier Mesa
6855:
6848:
6835:
6828:
6806:. Retrieved
6792:
6781:
6772:
6763:
6751:
6714:
6707:
6695:. Retrieved
6685:
6674:. Retrieved
6670:
6661:
6650:. Retrieved
6646:
6634:
6621:
6609:. Retrieved
6606:The Equation
6605:
6595:
6570:
6566:
6560:
6549:. Retrieved
6539:
6527:. Retrieved
6523:the original
6518:
6508:
6497:. Retrieved
6493:the original
6488:
6479:
6468:. Retrieved
6464:the original
6454:
6444:22 September
6442:. Retrieved
6438:
6429:
6418:. Retrieved
6414:
6405:
6394:. Retrieved
6390:the original
6380:
6369:. Retrieved
6360:
6347:|last1=
6328:. Retrieved
6324:the original
6313:
6301:
6290:. Retrieved
6286:
6276:
6264:. Retrieved
6257:the original
6244:
6230:
6221:
6212:
6185:
6167:
6157:
6124:
6118:
6106:. Retrieved
6099:
6090:
6078:. Retrieved
6072:
6062:
6050:. Retrieved
6040:
6029:the original
6016:
6004:. Retrieved
6000:
5990:
5978:. Retrieved
5974:
5961:
5950:. Retrieved
5945:
5932:
5921:. Retrieved
5917:
5907:
5896:. Retrieved
5894:. 2012-12-07
5891:
5882:
5871:. Retrieved
5857:
5846:, retrieved
5837:
5830:
5819:, retrieved
5813:
5806:
5797:
5787:
5778:
5768:
5759:
5749:
5731:
5720:. Retrieved
5713:the original
5704:
5696:
5683:
5661:
5654:
5643:
5636:
5622:
5615:
5602:
5579:
5498:
5376:
5375:
5338:
5337:
5306:
5305:
5274:
5273:
5241:
5240:
5208:
5207:
5176:
5175:
5144:
5143:
5124:Soviet Union
5112:
5111:
5079:
5078:
5046:
5045:
5014:
5013:
4994:Soviet Union
4982:
4981:
4948:Castle Bravo
4946:
4945:
4926:Soviet Union
4914:
4913:
4882:
4881:
4844:
4843:
4810:
4809:
4778:
4777:
4774:May 8, 1951
4758:Soviet Union
4746:
4745:
4701:
4700:
4656:
4655:
4622:
4621:
4562:
4551:
4541:
4531:
4525:
4507:
4481:
4434:June 1, 2003
4429:May 24, 2002
4222:June 1, 1988
4105:July 1, 1974
4059:May 26, 1972
4020:May 18, 1972
3827:
3819:
3815:
3792:
3760:
3714:
3710:
3699:
3692:
3680:
3665:
3653:
3638:
3630:
3615:
3599:
3584:
3545:
3530:
3526:
3494:
3479:
3468:Turkmenistan
3448:Soviet Union
3447:
3432:
3388:
3376:
3371:Bikini Atoll
3324:
3316:
3258:Soviet Union
3247:
3232:
3215:
3204:
3192:
3161:
3146:Castle Bravo
3143:
3138:Castle Bravo
3136:In 1954 the
3117:
3115:
3096:
3090:
3063:
3054:Irtysh river
3034:anti-nuclear
3027:
2991:Nightshade A
2990:
2940:
2920:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2812:
2761:
2710:
2660:
2610:
2560:
2509:
2457:
2406:
2361:May 25, 2004
2355:
2304:
2252:
2200:
2155:June 7, 2002
2149:
2099:
2049:
1999:
1949:
1899:
1849:Thoroughbred
1848:
1798:
1748:
1698:
1647:
1596:
1546:
1495:
1444:
1398:July 2, 1997
1392:
1341:
1294:
1244:
1164:
1159:
1138:
1137:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1098:
1079:
1067:
1058:Vela Uniform
1052:
1045:
1038:
1035:detonations.
1031:
1026:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
998:
994:
967:
945:
939:
900:
858:
853:
824:January 2016
789:
762:
750:Soviet Union
728:. The first
710:Trinity site
707:
678:
677:
527:South Africa
522:Saudi Arabia
516:Soviet Union
359:Radiological
264:South Africa
259:
243:(undeclared)
229:
195:
98:
40:Castle Bravo
18:Nuclear test
7583:Reed Hadley
7486:Salmon Site
7479:Mississippi
7445:Pahute Mesa
7271:Quicksilver
7172:Hardtack II
7042:Cornerstone
6281:Long, Kat.
5980:December 9,
5416:Teller–Ulam
5393:North Korea
5355:North Korea
4147:Moon Treaty
3751:New Zealand
3681:North Korea
3416:Mississippi
3052:(along the
2972: /
2960:116°03′35″W
2901: /
2889:116°03′35″W
2876:??-??-2015
2844: /
2832:116°03′35″W
2793: /
2781:116°03′35″W
2742: /
2730:116°03′35″W
2692: /
2680:116°03′35″W
2642: /
2630:116°03′35″W
2592: /
2580:116°03′35″W
2541: /
2529:116°03′35″W
2490: /
2478:116°02′38″W
2438: /
2426:116°03′35″W
2387: /
2375:116°03′35″W
2337: /
2325:116°03′32″W
2285: /
2273:116°03′35″W
2233: /
2221:116°03′35″W
2182: /
2170:116°03′32″W
2131: /
2119:116°03′32″W
2081: /
2069:116°03′32″W
2031: /
2019:116°03′32″W
1981: /
1969:116°03′32″W
1931: /
1919:116°03′32″W
1880: /
1868:116°03′35″W
1830: /
1818:116°03′32″W
1780: /
1768:116°03′32″W
1730: /
1718:116°03′32″W
1679: /
1667:116°03′32″W
1628: /
1616:116°03′35″W
1578: /
1566:116°03′32″W
1527: /
1515:116°03′35″W
1476: /
1464:116°03′32″W
1425: /
1413:116°03′35″W
1373: /
1361:116°03′35″W
1323: /
1311:116°03′31″W
1276: /
1264:116°03′35″W
1225: /
1213:106°18′08″W
1174:Date Time (
1125:criticality
1108:maintenance
1060:before the
991:Salvo tests
901:Underground
883:irradiation
859:Atmospheric
848:underground
804:North Korea
773:outer space
695:detonations
547:Switzerland
532:South Korea
492:Philippines
482:North Korea
477:Netherlands
253:North Korea
163:Disarmament
7684:Categories
7455:Yucca Flat
7409:Alamogordo
7402:New Mexico
7348:Touchstone
7260:Project 57
7255:Project 56
7249:Praetorian
7156:Hardtack I
7121:Greenhouse
7056:Crossroads
7035:Charioteer
6971:Operations
6808:30 October
6676:2012-05-23
6652:2012-05-23
6551:2008-02-19
6499:2007-06-11
6470:2018-12-24
6420:2010-10-21
6396:2010-10-21
6371:2022-11-02
6330:2013-12-28
6292:2017-04-24
6266:2013-12-18
6129:(Report).
6108:16 January
6080:16 January
6052:30 October
6006:9 December
5952:2013-12-12
5923:2017-07-13
5898:2013-05-28
5873:2013-12-09
5848:9 December
5722:2018-12-24
5667:on YouTube
5649:on YouTube
5428:Tsar Bomba
5368:2017-09-03
5330:2006-10-09
5298:1998-05-28
5276:Pokhran-II
5266:1998-05-11
5232:1974-05-18
5200:1968-08-24
5178:Test No. 6
5168:1967-06-17
5136:1964-10-16
5114:Tsar Bomba
5104:1961-10-31
5070:1960-02-13
5038:1957-11-08
5006:1957-05-31
4974:1955-11-22
4938:1954-03-01
4906:1953-08-12
4873:1952-11-16
4836:1952-11-01
4802:1952-10-03
4770:1951-05-08
4738:1949-08-29
4693:1945-08-09
4658:Little Boy
4648:1945-08-06
4614:1945-07-16
4520:Runit Dome
4501:iodine-131
4476:See also:
4172:(SALT II)
3771:Bomb pulse
3747:Bomb pulse
3579:Atolls in
3573:Fangataufa
3499:Australian
3472:Uzbekistan
3464:Kazakhstan
3420:New Mexico
3207:Tsar Bomba
3181:doses (in
3123:Kazakhstan
3118:Crossroads
2957:37°00′41″N
2886:37°00′41″N
2829:37°00′41″N
2778:37°00′41″N
2727:37°00′41″N
2677:37°00′41″N
2627:37°00′41″N
2577:37°00′41″N
2526:37°00′41″N
2475:36°59′12″N
2423:37°00′41″N
2407:Step Wedge
2372:37°00′41″N
2322:37°00′39″N
2270:37°00′41″N
2218:37°00′41″N
2167:37°00′39″N
2116:37°00′39″N
2066:37°00′39″N
2016:37°00′39″N
1966:37°00′39″N
1916:37°00′39″N
1865:37°00′41″N
1815:37°00′39″N
1765:37°00′39″N
1715:37°00′39″N
1664:37°00′36″N
1613:37°00′41″N
1563:37°00′37″N
1512:37°00′41″N
1496:Stagecoach
1461:37°00′37″N
1410:37°00′41″N
1358:37°00′41″N
1308:37°00′40″N
1261:37°00′41″N
1210:35°49′22″N
1129:reflectors
1104:shelf life
1049:accidents.
1017:Caerphilly
968:Underwater
958:ionosphere
863:atmosphere
806:conducted
746:Tsar Bomba
718:equivalent
714:New Mexico
577:Yugoslavia
368:By country
344:Biological
274:Kazakhstan
199:recognized
173:Opposition
71:Background
7518:Parachute
7376:Whetstone
7334:Tinderbox
7299:Sandstone
7214:Musketeer
7128:Grenadier
7100:Flintlock
6764:Usdoj.gov
6671:Ctbto.org
6647:Ctbto.org
6587:0017-9078
6529:4 January
5675:Citations
5048:Grapple X
4812:Hurricane
4679:Hiroshima
4035:(SALT I)
3511:Maralinga
3050:Kurchatov
1254:Area U1a
1181:Location
932:with the
392:Australia
387:Argentina
168:Terrorism
153:Espionage
148:Blackmail
143:Arms race
38:from the
7511:Colorado
7502:Amchitka
7414:Carlsbad
7242:Plumbbob
7193:Latchkey
7149:Guardian
7141:Cannikin
7114:Fusileer
7093:Fishbowl
7063:Crosstie
6986:Aqueduct
6873:Archived
6743:25057651
6697:June 29,
6611:July 16,
6339:cite web
5821:10 April
5798:CBC News
5435:See also
5318:Pakistan
5308:Chagai-I
4884:Ivy King
4846:Ivy Mike
4724:Nagasaki
4603:Country
3797:and the
3660:and the
3654:Pakistan
3612:Xinjiang
3566:Algerian
3562:In Ekker
3558:C.E.M.O.
3550:C.S.E.M.
3412:Colorado
3405:Amchitka
3254:megatons
3243:Cold War
3127:Cold War
2661:Barolo B
2611:Barolo A
2465:01:00:—
2312:20:44:—
2260:19:00:—
2208:19:00:—
2157:21:46:—
1648:Clarinet
1597:Cimarron
909:Cold War
800:Pakistan
758:megatons
734:Ivy Mike
722:kilotons
640:Category
611:Treaties
603:Missiles
593:Chemical
502:Rhodesia
487:Pakistan
402:Bulgaria
349:Chemical
269:Belarus
248:Pakistan
133:Arsenals
104:Delivery
7557:Related
7355:Trinity
7320:Sunbeam
7306:Sculpin
7285:Redwing
7235:Phalanx
7221:Niblick
7207:Mandrel
7135:Grommet
7107:Fulcrum
7070:Dominic
7049:Cresset
7014:Bowline
7007:Bedrock
6908:YouTube
6716:Nations
6439:Fas.org
6149:1338708
5760:Science
5630:YouTube
5623:Armando
5387:200–300
5349:under 1
5210:Canopus
5120:50,000
4954:15,000
4860:First "
4852:10,400
4720:Bombing
4703:Fat Man
4675:Bombing
4624:Trinity
4447:START I
4400:(CTBT)
4125:(PNET)
3919:(PTBT)
3755:Austria
3635:Pokhran
3604:Lop Nur
3577:Moruroa
3554:Reggane
3517:in the
3476:Ukraine
3373:in 1946
3274:Trinity
3179:thyroid
3070:Trinity
3012:History
2561:Bacchus
2510:Thermos
2458:Unicorn
2356:Armando
1547:Bagpipe
1400:10:—:—
1393:Rebound
1295:Trumpet
1245:Odyssey
1023:Purpose
1013:Cremino
918:seismic
881:due to
748:of the
740:in the
598:Nuclear
562:Ukraine
507:Romania
472:Myanmar
427:Germany
382:Algeria
377:Albania
354:Nuclear
336:By type
279:Ukraine
121:Workers
116:Effects
99:Testing
89:Warfare
84:History
7559:topics
7495:Alaska
7428:Nevada
7383:Wigwam
7341:Toggle
7327:Teapot
7313:Storax
7278:Ranger
7228:Nougat
7028:Castle
6741:
6731:
6585:
6200:
6147:
5644:Pollux
5282:45–50
5220:France
5216:2,600
5184:3,300
5092:France
5054:1,800
4990:1,600
4984:RDS-37
4916:RDS-6s
4862:staged
4780:George
4579:(like
4542:Russia
4526:France
4213:(INF)
3846:Notes
3569:Sahara
3546:France
3460:Russia
3424:Nevada
3408:Alaska
3305:Kytoon
3223:Israel
3152:of 15
2860:Castor
2762:Pollux
2711:Castor
2150:Oboe 9
2100:Oboe 7
2050:Oboe 8
2000:Oboe 6
1950:Oboe 5
1900:Oboe 4
1799:Oboe 3
1749:Oboe 2
1342:Kismet
1187:Notes
940:drifts
867:towers
781:France
720:to 20
557:Taiwan
542:Sweden
512:Russia
497:Poland
467:Mexico
447:Israel
422:France
407:Canada
397:Brazil
260:Former
241:
239:Israel
230:Others
218:France
208:Russia
178:Winter
126:Ethics
94:Design
7532:Other
7523:Rifle
7395:areas
7186:Julin
7086:Emery
7000:Argus
6993:Arbor
6979:Anvil
6760:(PDF)
6643:(PDF)
6260:(PDF)
6253:(PDF)
6032:(PDF)
6025:(PDF)
5971:(PDF)
5942:(PDF)
5867:(PDF)
5842:(PDF)
5741:(PDF)
5716:(PDF)
5709:(PDF)
5286:India
5254:India
5188:China
5156:China
4748:RDS-1
4728:Japan
4710:18–23
4683:Japan
4665:12–18
4631:18–20
4597:Yield
4592:Name
4589:Date
4571:(see
4552:China
4415:CTBTO
3834:Name
3631:India
3608:Malan
3600:China
3560:near
3552:near
3527:Vixen
3313:Yield
3290:Sedan
3150:yield
3093:RDS-1
2941:Ediza
2872:Lydia
2864:Lydia
2858:Like
2305:Piano
2253:Rocco
2201:Mario
1445:Holog
1171:Name
1147:yield
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