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1190:âJudaism, Christianity, and Islamâwhich view being naked as shameful and essentially negative. The interaction between the Greek classical and later Abrahamic traditions has resulted in Western ambivalence, with nudity acquiring both positive and negative meanings in individual psychology, in social life, and in depictions such as art. The conservative versions of these religions continue to prohibit public and sometimes also private nudity. While public modesty prevails in more recent times, organized groups of nudists or naturists emerged with the stated purpose of regaining a natural connection to the human body and nature, sometimes in private spaces but also in public. Naturism in the United States, meanwhile, remains largely confined to private facilities, with few "clothing optional" public spaces compared to Europe. In spite of the liberalization of attitudes toward sex, Americans remain uncomfortable with complete nudity.
1718:. The behaviors and norms of a high context culture depend upon shared implicit norms that operate within a social situation, while in a low context culture behavior is more dependent upon explicit communications. An example of this distinction was found in research on the behavior of French and German naturists on a nude beach. Germans, who are extremely low in cultural context, maintain public propriety on a nude beach by not wearing adornments, avoiding touching themselves and others, and any other behaviors that would call attention to the body. By contrast, the French, in their personal lives, are relatively high context: they interact within closely knit groups, they are sensitive to nonverbal cues, and they engage in relatively high amounts of body contact. French naturists were more likely than Germans to wear make-up and jewelry and to touch others as they would while dressed.
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1407:. In the United States, the exposure of female nipples is a criminal offense in many states and is not usually allowed in public. Individual women who have contested indecency laws by baring their breasts in public assert that their behavior is not sexual. In Canada, the law was changed to include a definition of a sexual context in order for behavior to be indecent. The topfreedom movement in the United States promotes equal rights for women to be naked above the waist in public on the same basis that would apply to men in the same circumstances. The illegality of topfreedom is viewed as institutionalization of negative cultural values that affect women's body image. The legal justifications for topfreedom include
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part of the symbolic communication that marked a person's membership in their society, thus nakedness meant being at the bottom of the social scale, lacking in dignity and status. In each culture, ornamentation represented the wearer's place in society; position of authority, economic class, gender role, and marital status. From the beginning of civilization, there was ambiguity regarding everyday nakedness and the nudity in depictions of deities and heroes indicating positive meanings of the unclothed body. The social humiliation of nakedness was not associated with sin or shame regarding sexuality, which was unique to
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2180:. Naturists reject contemporary standards of modesty that discourage personal, family and social nudity. They instead seek to create a social environment where individuals feel comfortable being in the company of nude people and being seen nude, either by other naturists or by the general public. In contradiction of the popular belief that nudists are more sexually permissive, research finds that nudist and non-nudists do not differ in their sexual behavior. The young children with experiences of naturism or nudity in the home had a more positive body image.
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100:. Although improper dress might be socially embarrassing, the association of nudity with sin regarding sexuality began with Judeo-Christian societies, spreading through Europe in the post-classical period. Traditional clothing in temperate regions worldwide also reflect concerns for maintaining social status and order, as well as by necessity due to the colder climate. However, societies such as Japan and Finland maintain traditions of communal nudity based upon the use of baths and saunas that provided alternatives to
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noticed when they encountered
Indigenous peoples of the tropics. Non-western cultures during the period were naked only by comparison to Western norms. The genitals or entire lower body of adults were covered by garments in most situations, while the upper body of both men and women might be unclothed. However, lacking the western concept of shame regarding the body, such garments might be removed in public for practical or ceremonial purposes. Children until puberty and sometimes women until marriage might be naked.
1874:, where many families have one in their home, and is one of the defining characteristics of Finnish identity. For Finns, going to a sauna is a ritual with cultural meanings regarding cleanliness, connections to nature, and connection to other people without public roles or sexuality. Saunas have been adopted worldwide, first in Scandinavian and German-speaking countries of Europe, with the trend in some of these being to allow both genders to bathe together nude. For example, the Friedrichsbad in
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1796:, rather than shame. The absence of shame, or any other negative emotions regarding being naked, depends upon becoming unselfconscious while nude, which is the state both of children and those that practice naturism. This state is more difficult for women given the social presumption that women's bodies are always being observed and judged not only by men but other women. In a naturist environment, because everyone is naked, it becomes possible to dilute the power of social judgements.
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1730:, concerns regarding health and fitness, and changes in clothing fashions that sexualized the body. However, members of English families report that in the 1920s to 1940s they never saw other family members undressed, including those of the same gender. Modesty continued to prevail between married couples, even during sex. In the United States, a third of women born before 1900 remained clothed during sex, while it was only eight percent for those born in the 1920s.
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678:, some parents continue to allow children to be naked until puberty. There is now an issue with strangers taking photographs, and they worry about pedophiles, but want kids to grow up with a positive body image and have the same freedom they remember from their own childhood. The upper torso of women is not sexual due to the general acceptance of breastfeeding in Africa, while their legs are covered by skirts to a greater extent than by Western clothing.
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468:. Complete nakedness was embarrassing due to the social connotations of low status and deprivation rather than shame regarding sexuality. Slaves might not be provided with clothing. Other workers would be naked while performing many tasks, particularly if hot, dirty, or wet; farmers, fishermen, herders, and those working close to fires or ovens. Only the upper classes were habitually dressed. It was not until the later periods, in particular the
2288:; this term generally refers to engaging in public nudity with an intent to offend common decency. Lewd and indecent behavior is usually defined as causing alarm, discomfort, or annoyance for the average person. Where the law has been challenged by asserting that nudity by itself in not lewd or disorderly, laws have been amended to specify indecent exposure, usually of the genitals but not always of the breast. Public indecency is generally a
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2139:) who sought a simpler life in opposition to industrialization. While Christian moralists in the early 20th century tended to condemn nudism, some Christians found moral purity in the nude body compared to the sexually suggestive clothing of the era. Its proponents believed that nudism could combat social inequality, including sexual inequality. Naturist attitudes toward the body became more widely accepted in sports and in the arts in the
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1506:" at seaside resorts was not successful in maintaining standards of decency, men often continuing to be nude while women wore bathing costumes. However, public concern was only regarding adults, it being generally accepted that boys at English beaches would be nude. This prompted complaints by visiting Americans, but Englishmen had no objection to their daughters being fully dressed on the beach with naked boys.
2481:(images that are primarily sexual). Any ambiguous image not easily fitting into one of these categories may be misinterpreted, leading to disputes. Disputes may be resolved by the invention of a new context, such as erotic art, which combines aesthetic qualities with explicit sexuality. However, more conservative groups may continue to see any sexual depictions as pornographic. Another recent development is the
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embarrassment. That norm has changed; in the 21st century, men typically wear towels or other garments in the locker room most of the time and avoid any interaction with others while naked. This shift is the result of changes in social norms regarding masculinity and how maleness is publicly expressed; also, open male nudity has become associated with homosexuality. In facilities such as the
910:(1868â1912), the previously normal states of undress, and the custom of mixed public bathing, became an issue for leaders concerned with Japan's international reputation. A law was established with fines for those that violated the ban on undress. Although often ignored or circumvented, the law had the effect of sexualizing the naked body in situations that had not previously been erotic.
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2433:(PETA) used nudity to protest the use of animal fur in fashion. In Africa from the colonial to the contemporary eras, women have used nudity to confront economic and political injustices. Although similar in behavior, each incident may have different roots in the beliefs regarding female power within each society, in particular between West Africa and Southern Africa.
1667:. There are activities where freedom of movement is promoted by full or partial nudity. The nudity of the ancient Olympics was part of a religious practice. Athletic activities are also appreciated for the beauty of bodies in motion (as in dance), but in the post-modern media athletic bodies are often taken out of context to become purely sexual, perhaps pornographic.
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regarding nudity is one of the exemplars of the emotion, yet rather than being a positive motivator, it is considered unhealthy. The universality of bodily shame is not supported by anthropological studies, which do not find the use of clothing to cover the genital areas in all societies, but often find the use of adornments to call attention to the sexuality.
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unless there are signs of a problem (e.g. anxiety, aggression, or sexual interactions between children not of the same age or stage of development). Problematic childhood behavior often takes place in daycare, rather than home environments. The general advice for caregivers is to find ways of setting boundaries without giving the child a sense of shame.
1737:, 31 percent of men and 14 percent of women report sleeping in the nude. In a 2014 survey in the U.K., 42 percent responded that they felt comfortable naked and 50 percent responded they did not. Only 22 percent said they often walk around the house naked, 29 percent slept in the nude, and 27 percent had gone swimming nude. In a 2018 U.S. survey by
1770:. There is evidence that the majority of women and girls in western societies have a negative body image, mainly regarding their size and weight. The sociocultural model of body image emphasizes the role of cultural ideals in the formation of an individual's body image. American ideals for women are unrealistic based upon a comparison of a healthy
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more symbolic than realistic interpretations. Alternatives include symbolism of fertility, abundance, or overt sexuality in the context of beliefs in supernatural forces. Surviving examples of ancient art indicate that the modern concept of pornography did not exist before
Christianity, with many examples not only of nudity but sexual activity.
1626:, allowing others to maintain their personal space by only glancing, not looking directly, as in a crowded elevator. Civil inattention also maintains the non-sexual nature of semi-public situations in which relative or complete nakedness is necessary, such as communal bathing or changing clothes. Such activities are regulated by participants
1067:. There was no shame or modesty attached to women's breasts, and therefore no garments devoted to concealing them; however, women did cover their pubic area in the presence of men, as exposing it was a cultural expression of anger and contempt. Pre-pubescent children wore no clothes at all. European colonists cited nudity as a sign of MÄori
1435:, but not on a continuing basis for their own comfort or enjoyment as men are allowed to do. In 2020 the US Supreme Court refused to hear the appeal of three women after the New Hampshire Supreme Court found that the state law does not discriminate against women because it bans nudity, which has traditionally included female breasts.
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nakedness is associated with sin, criminality, and punishment. The strong connection of nudity to sex produces shame when naked in contexts where sexuality is deemed inappropriate. The connection of nakedness with the corruptibility of flesh and death may have biblical origins, but gained real world associations during
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body is the ideal. The evolutionary perspective is that for women, hip-to-waist ratio with emphasis on the hips and a more curvaceous body is the ideal around the world, while for men it is waist-to-chest ratio. However, westernization of cultures has resulted in an increase in body dissatisfaction worldwide.
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in various cultures and historical periods. Attitudes have changed over time and such images have become increasingly controversial, especially in the case of photography. Once commonplace, snapshots taken by parents of their nude infant or preschool children became suspect during the last decades of
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The naked human body was one of the first subjects of prehistoric art, including the numerous female figurines found throughout Europe, the earliest now dating from 40,000 years ago. The meaning of these objects cannot be determined, however the exaggeration of breasts, bellies, and buttocks indicate
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who want to shower without ever being seen naked. The trend for privacy is being extended to public schools, colleges and community facilities replacing "gang showers" and open locker rooms with individual stalls and changing rooms. The change also addresses issues of transgender usage and family use
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In
Islamic countries, women may not use public baths, and men must wear a waist wrapper. In some traditional cultures and rural areas modern practices are limited by the belief that only the exposed parts of the body (hands, feet, face) need to be washed daily; and also by Christian and Muslim belief
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asserted that children have a natural curiosity about their own bodies and the bodies of others. The report recommended that parents learn what is normal in regard to nudity and sexuality at each stage of a child's development and refrain from overreacting to their children's nudity-related behaviors
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Social acceptance of mixed gender nudity due to sauna culture is associated with greater gender equality, which is highest in
Iceland, Norway, Finland and Sweden (the US being #53 of 153 countries listed). America and the Netherlands went through the same period of feminist activism in the 1960sâ70s,
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and the beginning of civilization, between 7,000 and 9,000 years ago. Much of what is known about the early history of clothing is from depictions of the higher classes, there being few surviving artifacts. Everyday behaviors are rarely represented in historical records. Clothing and adornment became
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and capable of self-reflection and symbolic interaction. More recent studies place the use of adornment at 77,000 years ago in South Africa, and 90,000â100,000 years ago in Israel and
Algeria. While modesty is a factor, often overlooked purposes for body coverings are camouflage used by hunters, body
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regarding nudity reflect cultural ambiguity towards the body and sexuality, and differing conceptions of what constitutes public versus private spaces. Norms relating to nudity are different for men than they are for women. Individuals may intentionally violate norms relating to nudity; those without
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A strip search is the removal of some or all of a person's clothing to ensure that they do not have weapons or contraband. Such searches are generally done when an individual is imprisoned after an arrest, and is justified by the need to maintain order in the facility, not as punishment for a crime.
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Historically, certain facilities associated with activities that require partial or complete nakedness, such as bathing or changing clothes, have limited access to certain members of the public. These normal activities are guided by generally accepted norms, the first of which is that the facilities
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Compared to the acceptance of boys being nude, an instance in 1947 where girls were given the same option lasted only six weeks in
Highland Park, Michigan before a protest by mothers. However, only the middle school required suits, the elementary schools in the same district continued to allow girls
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In the United States and other
Western countries for much of the 20th century, male nudity was the norm in gender segregated activities including summer camps, swimming pools and communal showers based on cultural beliefs that females need more privacy than males. Beginning in 1900, businessmen swam
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In
Western cultures, shame can result from not living up to the ideals of society with regard to physical appearance. Historically, such shame has affected women more than men. With regard to their naked bodies, the result is a tendency toward self-criticism by women, while men are less concerned by
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Naturists have long promoted the benefits of social nudity, but little research had been done, reflecting the generally negative assumptions surrounding public nudity. Recent studies indicate not only that social nudity promotes a positive body image, but that nudity-based interventions are helpful
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The sexual nature of nudity is defined by the gaze of others. Studies of naturism find that its practitioners adopt behaviors and norms that suppress the sexual responses while practicing social nudity. Such norms include refraining from staring, touching, or otherwise calling attention to the body
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Male nudity was celebrated in ancient Greece to a greater degree than any culture before or since. The status of freedom, maleness, privilege, and physical virtues were asserted by discarding everyday clothing for athletic nudity. Nudity became a ritual costume by association of the naked body with
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English translation: "In the fitness centers and health resorts, the
Finnish bath, often designed generously to complete sauna landscapes, was a natural offer. It is noteworthy that today there is usually no separate bathing times for men and women. Nakedness of men and women in the sauna has been
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Specific laws may either require or prohibit religious attire (veiling) for women. In a survey using data from 2012 to 2013, there were 11 majority Muslim countries where women must cover their entire bodies in public, which may include the face. There were 39 countries, mostly in Europe, that had
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is known for being tolerant of public nudity in many situations. In a 2014 survey, 28 percent of
Austrians and Germans had sunbathed nude on a beach, 18 percent of Norwegians, 17 percent of Spaniards and Australians, 16 percent of New Zealanders. Of the nationalities surveyed, the Japanese had the
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In non-western cultures, body image has a different meaning, particularly in sociocentric societies in which people think of themselves as part of a group, not as individuals. In addition, where food insecurity and disease is a danger, a person growing thinner is viewed as unhealthy; a more robust
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in the United Kingdom, which by necessity means changing outdoors in mixed gender groups with minimal or no privacy. As a participant stated, "Open water swimming and nudity go hand in hand...People don't necessarily talk about it, but just know if you join a swimming club it's likely you will see
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German text: "In den Fitnesszentren und Kuranstalten wurde das finnische Bad, oft groĂzĂŒgig ausgestaltet zu ganzen Saunalandschaften, zum selbstverstĂ€ndlichen Angebot. Bemerkenswert ist, dass dort heute zumeist auf getrennte Badezeiten fĂŒr MĂ€nner und Frauen verzichtet wird. Nacktheit von Mann und
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upon repeated offense or always if done in the presence of a minor. The law differs between states. In Oregon, public nudity is legal and protected as free speech as long as there is not an "intent to arouse". Arkansas not only outlaws private nudism, but bans anyone from advocating the practice.
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created, sessions where artists work from live models are a social situation where nudity has a long tradition. The role of the model both as part of visual art education and in the creation of finished works has evolved since antiquity in Western societies and worldwide wherever western cultural
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that cater to multiple generations, the young are uncomfortable sharing space with older people who do not cover up. The behavior in women's locker rooms and showers also indicates a generational change, younger women covering more, and full nudity being brief and rare, while older women are more
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In Northern European countries, where family nudity is normal, children learn from an early age that nakedness need not be sexual. Bodily modesty is not part of the Finnish identity due to the universal use of the sauna, a historical tradition that has been maintained. Bonny Rough, who raised her
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Hygiene was given as the reason for official guidelines requiring nudity in indoor pools used only by men. Swimmers were also required to take nude showers with soap prior to entering the pool, in order to eliminate contaminants and inspect swimmers to prohibit use by those with signs of disease.
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Many of the negative associations of nakedness are the inverse of positive ones. If nudity is truth, nakedness may be an invasion of privacy or the exposure of uncomfortable truths, a source of anxiety. To be deprived of clothes is punishment, humiliating and degrading. Rather than being natural,
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The encounter between the Indigenous cultures of Africa, the Americas and Oceania with Europeans had a significant effect on all cultures. Because clothing and body adornments are such an important part of cultural meaning, the relative lack of body coverings was one of the first things explorers
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think of privacy as protecting a right to respect and personal dignity. Europeans maintain their dignity, even naked where others may see them, including sunbathing in urban parks. In Amsterdam, people are not shy about being naked in their homes, and do not use shades to prevent being seen from
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practice mixed nudity in private saunas used by families and close-knit groups. While maintaining communal nudity, men and women are now often separated in public or community settings. Certain sects of Christianity through history have included nudity into worship practices, but these have been
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Confronted with this ambiguity, some individuals seek to resolve it by working toward greater acceptance of nudity for themselves and others. Although psychologist Keon West found positive effects from short-term participation in social nudity, such as an improved body image, sociologist Barbara
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In the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean, from Mesopotamia to the Roman Empire, proper attire was required to maintain social standing. The lower classes might possess a single piece of cloth that was wrapped or tied to cover the lower body; the lowest classes including slaves might be
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In the United States, nudity in live performance is a matter of local laws except for First Amendment protection of free expression, which is generally recognized with regard to performances in an artistic context. In other contexts, nudity may be limited by local laws; a 1991 US Supreme Court
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often associated with nudity. Shame may be thought of as positive in response to a failure to act in accordance with moral values, thus motivating improvement in the future. However, shame is often negative as the response to perceived failures to live up to unrealistic expectations. The shame
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comparing the sexual health of teens in France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United States concluded that if the US implemented comprehensive sex education similar to the three European countries there would be a significant reduction in teen pregnancies, abortions and the rate of sexually
1305:. Jesus was originally depicted nude as would have been the case in Roman crucifixions, but the Christian adoption of the pagan association of the body with sex prompted the clothing of Christ. Some clerics went further, to hatred and fear of the body, insisting that monks sleep fully dressed.
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Live performances, such as dance, theater, and performance art may include nudity either for realism or symbolic meaning. Nudity on stage has become generally accepted in Western cultures beginning in the 20th century. In Islamic countries any erotic or sexually exciting performances, such as
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noted an increase in American tolerance for nudity, both at home and in public, approaching that of Europe. By 1998, American attitudes toward sexuality had continued to become more liberal than in prior decades, but the reaction to total nudity in public was generally negative. However, some
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includes potentially anyone as with parks, sidewalks, and roads. Some public spaces are limited to paying customers as with cafés or supermarkets. The meaning of public space changed as cities grew. Between private and public there may be other distinctions that limit access such as age, sex,
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Historically, men and boys bathed and swam nude in secluded rivers and lakes. In England when sea bathing became popular in the 18th century, beaches were initially male only, but with the easier access of the 19th century due to rail transportation, the mixing of genders became a problem for
1308:
Christian theology rarely addresses nudity, but rather proper dress and modesty. Western cultures adopted Greek heritage only with regard to art, the ideal nude. Real naked people remained shameful, and become human only when they cover their nakedness. In one of a series of lectures entitled
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in warm climates used clothing for decorative, symbolic or ceremonial purposes but were often nude, having neither the need to protect the body from the elements nor any conception of nakedness being shameful. In many societies, both ancient and contemporary, children might be naked until the
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feeling, even though it be only the faintest shadowâand if it does not do so it is bad art and false morals". As an example, Clark referred to the temple sculptures of tenth-century India as "great works of art because their eroticism is part of their whole philosophy". Great art can contain
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The law in New York State was challenged in 1986 by nine women who exposed their breasts in a public park, which led to nine years of litigation culminating with an opinion by the Court of Appeals that overturned the convictions on the basis of the women's actions not being lewd, rather than
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The men's locker roomâwhich in Western cultures had been a setting for open male social nudityâis, in the 21st century United States, becoming a space of modesty and distancing between men. For much of the 20th century, the norm in locker rooms had been for men to undress completely without
1301:, which was originally by full immersion and without clothes in a basin attached to every cathedral. Both men and women were baptized naked, deaconesses performing the rite for women to maintain modesty. Until the fifth century CE, pagan nudity was associated with sex, Christian nudity with
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that never abandoned, or are reasserting, pre-colonial norms partial or complete nudity is accepted as natural. In contemporary rural villages, both boys and girls are allowed to play totally nude, and women bare their breasts in the belief that the meaning of naked bodies is not limited to
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Frau in der Sauna wird hier lĂ€ngst akzeptiert und das hat ein positives soziales Gesamtklima erzeugt, das selbstregulierend â die seltenen Ausnahmen bestĂ€tigen die Regel â das Verhalten der BadegĂ€ste bestimmt. Verpöhnt ist der Versuch, sich in Badekleidung unter die Nackten zu mischen".
472:(1550â1069 BCE), that functionaries in the households of the wealthy began wearing refined dress, and upper-class women wore elaborate dresses and ornamentation which covered their breasts. These later styles are often shown in film and TV as representing Ancient Egypt in all periods.
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In the absence of visual barriers, privacy is maintained by social distance, as when being examined for medical purposes or receiving a massage. Violation of boundaries between doctors and patients is a serious breach of medical ethics. Between social equals, privacy is maintained by
641:, which vary widely among contemporary societies. Situations where private or public nudity is accepted vary. Indigenous peoples retain pre-colonial norms to varying degrees. People in Western cultures may practice social nudity within the confines of semi-private facilities such as
825:
In contemporary China, while maintaining the traditions of modest dress in everyday life, the use of nudity in magazine advertising indicates the effect of globalization. In much of Asia, traditional dress covers the entire body, similar to Western dress. In stories written in
834:, reflecting the belief that "humanness" in Chinese society is not innate, but is earned by correct behavior. However, nakedness could also be used by an individual to express contempt for others in their presence. In other stories, the nudity of women, emanating the power of
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said that the innocent nudity of being before the fall is regained only between loving spouses. In daily life, Christianity requires clothing in public, but with great variation between and within societies as to the meaning of "public" and how much of the body is covered.
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Attitudes toward public nudity vary from complete prohibition in Islamic countries to general acceptance, particularly in Scandinavia and Germany, of nudity for recreation and at special events. Such special events can be understood by expanding the historical concept of
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have been used for over a thousand years, serving both hygienic and social functions. Nudity and mixed sex usage was typical for much of this history. Bathing facilities in homes threatened the existence of public banyas, but social functions maintained their popularity.
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children while residing in the United States and the Netherlands, advises US parents and caregivers to understand that a child's explorations of their own and others' bodies are motivated by curiosity, not anything similar to adult sexuality. A 2009 report issued by the
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China has never had a tradition of depicting the nude except in pornography. In 1925, nude models were banned from Chinese art schools. In Islam, any depictions of the body or sexuality, including photography and film, are forbidden as they would be in life.
1901:
The sauna came to the United States in the 19th century when Finns settled in western territories, building family saunas on their farms. When community saunas were built in the 20th century, they eventually included separate steam rooms for men and women.
303:. That study indicates that the habitual wearing of clothing began at some point in time between 170,000 and 83,000 years ago based upon a genetic analysis indicating when clothing lice diverged from their head louse ancestors. A 2017 study published in
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accepted for a long time and that has created a positive overall social climate. Self-regulation â the rare exceptions confirm the rule â determines the behavior of the bathers. Pampered is the attempt to mix in bathing clothes among the naked ones".
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is unregulated or legal, mothers may be reluctant to do so because other people may object. The issue of breastfeeding is part of the sexualization of the breast in many cultures, and the perception of threat in what others perceive as non-sexual.
1209:
in the 16th century was "mere, plain, open, explicit" as reflected in the modern metaphors "the naked truth" and "the bare facts". Naturists often speak of their nakedness in terms of a return to the innocence and simplicity of childhood. The term
2169:. Between the first and second world wars, naturism spread to other countries based upon the German model, but being less ideological and political; incorporating cultural elements within Scandinavia, France, England, Belgium and the Netherlands.
894:
in Japan (1603â1868) was defined by the social dominance of hereditary classes, with clothing a regulated marker of status and little nudity among the upper classes. However, working populations in both rural and urban areas often dressed only in
1963:
is a job, one requirement of which is to pose "undraped". Some have investigated the benefits of arts education including drawing nudes from life as an opportunity to satisfy youthful curiosity regarding the human body in a non-sexual context.
1271:
The meaning of the creation myth is inconsistent with a philosophical analysis of shame as an emotion of reflective self-assessment which is understood as a response to being seen by others, a social context that did not exist. The response of
1058:
went naked or partially clothed in casual settings as the climate allowed, although they did wear clothing to keep out the weather and denote social status. Men frequently wore nothing but a belt with a piece of string attached holding their
1185:
inherited contradictory cultural traditions relating to nudity in various contexts. The first tradition came from the ancient Greeks, who saw the naked body as the natural state and as essentially positive. The second is based upon the
2151:
in the 1930s, the nudism movement split ideologically, the socialists adopting the views of Koch, seeing his programs as part of improving the lives of the working class. Although many Nazis opposed nudity, others used it to extol the
251:
of adornments and clothing. In the past there have been several theories regarding why humans lost their fur, but the need to dissipate body heat remains the most widely accepted evolutionary explanation. Less hair, and an increase in
2646:
1370:
the evaluation of others. In patriarchal societies, which include much of the world, norms regarding proper attire and behavior are stricter for women than for men, and the judgements for violation of these norms are more severe.
1276:
to cover their bodies indicates that upon gaining knowledge of good and evil, they became aware of nakedness as intrinsically shameful, which contradicts their intrinsic goodness "before the fall". According to German philosopher
903:), including women in hot weather and while nursing. Lacking baths in their homes, everyone frequented public bathhouses where they were unclothed together. This communal nudity might extend to other activities in rural villages.
2803:
German text: "Dass MĂ€nner und Frauen zusammen splitternackt schwitzen, its eine deutsche SpezialitĂ€t, fĂŒr die sich nur noch Urlauber aus den Benelux-Staaten, aus Ăsterreich und der Schweiz erwĂ€rmen können, vielleicht auch noch
1911:
suggesting the social benefits for women and girls having real life experience of seeing the variety of real female bodiesâeven more naked than at a beachâas a counterbalance to the unrealistic nudity seen in popular media.
11201:
Synonyms, Adjective: au naturel, bare, bottomless, disrobed, mother-naked, naked, raw, starkers , stripped, unclad, unclothed, undressed; Noun: altogether, bareness, birthday suit, bottomlessness, buff, nakedness, nudity,
1222:, nudity has been used to promote open interaction and communication. Religious persons who reject the world as it is including all possessions may practice nudism, or use nakedness as a protest against an unjust world.
1218:, that all humans are alike in their nakedness. Nudity also represents freedom: the liberation of the body is associated with sexual liberation, although many naturists tend to downplay this connection. In some forms of
616:
in 1819 wore only the jackets they were given, but not pants. Western ambivalence could be expressed by responding to the nakedness of natives as either a sign of rampant sexuality or of the innocence that preceded the
512:
2224:
flashingâan activity that would be prohibited at any other time and placeâhas become a ritual of long standing in celebration of Carnival. While many celebrations of Carnival worldwide include minimal costumes, in the
2540:
dancing, are forbidden. Contemporary choreographers consider nudity one of the possible "costumes" available for dance, some seeing nudity as expressing deeper human qualities through dance which works against the
1813:
are most often segregated by gender; however, this may not be the case in all cultures. Discomfort with nudity has two components, not wanting to see others naked, and not wanting to be seen by others while naked.
2604:
1774:(BMI) with the desired BMI, which is 15 percent lower. Cultural ideals are transmitted by parents, peers, and the media. Men and boys are increasingly concerned with their appearance, wanting to be more muscular.
96:, people of any status were also unclothed by necessity or convenience when engaged in labor and athletics; or when bathing or swimming. Such functional nudity occurred in groups that were usually but not always
2620:
595:
societies until 20,000 years ago, and they were naked. In the tropical regions of Africa, Australia, the Americas and Southeast Asia, this way of life continued until a few hundred years ago. Perhaps the last
115:
While the majority of contemporary societies require clothing in public, some recognize non-sexual nudity as being appropriate for some recreational, social or celebratory activities, and appreciate nudity in
10769:
2536:. While some individuals suffered legal actions, no charges involving mere nudity have been ultimately upheld, because the legal definition of child pornography is that it depicts sexually explicit conduct.
1347:, limited mainly to Afghanistan, also has a mesh screen which covers the eye opening. Different rules apply to men, women, and children; and depend upon the gender and family relationship of others present.
2209:
some prohibition of religious attire, in particular face coverings in certain situations, such as government buildings. Within Russia, laws may either require or prohibit veiling depending upon location.
984:
2807:
English translation: "The fact that men and women sweat together stark naked is a German specialty that only tourists from the Benelux countries, Austria and Switzerland can warm to, maybe even Eastern
2072:, California, banned public nudity in the inner-city area. This move was initially resisted because the city was known for its liberal culture and had previously tolerated public nudity. Similarly,
350:
2382:. Photographic images were circulated that showed the posing of prisoners naked, sometimes bound, and being intimidated and otherwise humiliated, resulting in widespread condemnation of the abuse.
9941:
1154:
to celebrate life, death and rebirth. The ritual involves the presentation of all young girls who have begun menstruating since the last Quarup and whose time has come to choose a partner. The
392:
2233:", a sexual performance earning a symbolic payment of glass beads. Although the majority of those performing continue to be women, men (both homosexual and heterosexual) now also participate.
1510:
nude at private athletic clubs in New York City, which ended with a 1980 law requiring the admission of women. For younger boys, lack of modesty might include public behavior as in 1909 when
1792:
Others argue that the shame felt when naked in public is due to valuing modesty and privacy as socially positive. However, the response to public exposure of normally private behavior is
1543:
but Dutch men were generally more open to the idea of gender equality, there being a prior history of regarding sexuality as healthy and normal, including nudity not always being sexual.
10719:
10321:
858:
In India, the conventions regarding proper dress do not apply to monks in some Hindu and Jain sects who reject clothing as worldly. Although overwhelmingly male, there have been female
1526:
and schools with gender segregated classes. The era of male nude swimming in indoor pools declined steadily as mixed-gender usage became the norm, and sped up following the passage of
1684:
outside. In America, the right to privacy is oriented toward values of liberty, especially in one's home. Americans see nakedness where others may see as surrendering "any reasonable
7640:
9876:
8003:
2205:
Worldwide, laws regarding clothing specify what parts of the body must be covered, prohibiting complete nudity in public except for those jurisdictions that allow nude recreation.
2662:
10744:
874:
have resisted centuries of Muslim and Christian pressure to clothe their nakedness as part of religious conversion. Most retain their own religion, which includes elements of
569:(27 BCE â 476 CE), the status of the upper classes was such that nudity was of no concern for men, and for women only if seen by their social superiors. At the Roman baths (
2465:. The pictorial conventions used in visual culture provide the contexts that make images comprehensible. In Western societies, the contexts for depictions of nudity include
9834:
1343:, the garment covering the whole female body and the face with a narrow opening for the eyes, is widespread. Hands are also hidden within sleeves as much as possible. The
1688:". Such cultural differences may make some laws and behaviors of other societies seem incomprehensible, since each culture assumes that their own concepts of privacy are
10539:
1431:), it did not give them equality with men. Other court decisions have given individuals the right to be briefly nude in public as a form of expression protected by the
264:. The ability to dissipate excess body heat was one of the things that made possible the dramatic enlargement of the brain, the most temperature-sensitive human organ.
247:
processes are significant regarding nudity; first the biological evolution of early hominids from being covered in fur to being effectively hairless, followed by the
10552:
2050:, where otherwise transgressive behaviors are allowed on particular occasions to include public nudity. Examples include the Solstice Swim in Tasmania (part of the
1534:. Eventually all pools use became mixed-gender, and in the 21st century, the practice of male nude swimming is largely forgotten, or denied as having ever existed.
124:, while other groups continue to disapprove of nudity not only in public but also in private based upon religious beliefs. Norms are codified to varying degrees by
372:
2249:
on college campuses, which was initially widespread but short-lived. Later, a tradition of "nude runs" became institutionalized on certain campuses, such as the
1855:
Many cultures have a tradition going back to prehistory of communal use of hot water or steam/sweat baths which are usually nude, sometimes with mixed genders.
612:
societies in warmer climates are also minimally clothed or naked while working. This practice continued when western clothing was first introduced; for example
10826:
712:
186:, entirely without clothes. Nudity has more cultural connotations, and particularly in the fine arts, positive associations with the beauty of the human body.
2265:. Simply being nude would not likely fall under any category of offense. After repeated arrests, prosecutions, and convictions in Great Britain, the activist
1238:. However, philosopher Krista Thomason notes that negative emotions including shame exist because they are functional, and that human beings are not perfect.
1116:
696:
486:
2143:. There were advocates of the health benefits of sun and fresh air that instituted programs of exercise in the nude for children in groups of mixed gender,
1800:
for those with a negative body image. A negative body image affects overall self-esteem, which in turn reduces life satisfaction. Psychologist Keon West of
1289:
on Eve, and, therefore, all women. As a result, the nudity of women is deemed more shameful personally and corrupting to society than the nakedness of men.
2584:
1518:
During women's weekly swim hours, simple one-piece suits were allowed and sometimes supplied by the facility to insure hygiene; towels were also supplied.
732:
10147:
2461:
Depictions of the human body, both dressed and undressed, continually reaffirm what each society defines as natural in human appearance, which is part of
1449:
10846:
953:. Such facilities may include mixed-sex sauna areas where clothing is worn, but bathing areas are gender segregated; nudity is required in those areas.
10288:
9932:
9230:"Hairless mutation: a driving force of humanization from a human-ape common ancestor by enforcing upright walking while holding a baby with both hands"
6210:
2276:
In the 21st century in the United States, the legal definition of "full nudity" is exposure of the genitals. "Partial nudity" includes exposure of the
1335:
Islamic countries are guided by rules of modesty that forbid nudity, with variations between five schools of Islamic law. The most conservative is the
817:) in most situations, while nakedness may be part of maintaining purity by public bathing, or expressing rejection of worldliness including clothes.
9857:
323:
11653:
2755:
2103:
309:
estimated that anatomically modern humans evolved 350,000 to 260,000 years ago. Thus, humans were naked in prehistory for at least 90,000 years.
10591:
9968:
805:. Other examples of ethnic tourism reflect the visitor's desire to experience what they imagine being an exotic culture, which includes nudity.
531:
5837:
Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Sweeney, Deborah (2006). "On Nakedness, Nudity, and Gender in Egyptian and Mesopotamian Art". In Schroer, Sylvia (ed.).
1905:
Korean spas have opened in the United States, also gender separated in areas with nudity. In addition to the health benefits, a woman wrote in
793:
The revival of pre-colonial culture is asserted in the adoption of traditional dressâyoung women wearing only beaded skirts and jewelryâin the
9555:"Naked and Unashamed: Investigations and Applications of the Effects of Naturist Activities on Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction"
2568:
1609:
means being entirely alone, defining personal space. In other cultures, privacy includes family and selected others; intimate space. Being in
11698:
11676:
1078:, dances by women in traditional dress that does not cover the breasts are now included in the Catholic celebration of Christmas and Easter.
775:
464:
the majority of men and women wore a cloth wrapped or tied to cover the lower part of the body. Both men and women would be bare-chested and
10192:
8167:
Huang, Ying; Lowry, Dennis (2012). "An Analysis of Nudity in Chinese Magazine Advertising: Examining Gender, Racial and Brand Differences".
7901:
1268:, but each religion has their own interpretation. What is shared by all was various degrees of modest dress and the avoidance of nakedness.
1169:, are "completely naked except for a piece of string decorated with bright bird feathers tied to the end of their penises". This minimalist
813:
In Asian countries, rather than always being immoral or shameful, not being properly dressed is perceived as a breach of etiquette (loss of
10711:
9867:
1878:
has designated times when mixed nude bathing is permitted. The German sauna culture also became popular in neighbouring countries such as
10761:
2430:
933:) until the arrival of Western influences, but became segregated by gender in cities. Nudity is required at Japanese hot spring resorts (
604:. The Europeans who first contacted tropical peoples reported that they were unashamedly naked, only occasionally wrapping themselves in
11153:
Sexual Development and Behavior in Children: Information for Parents and Caregivers (Report). American Psychological Association. 2009.
10238:
2239:
refers to exposure of the buttocks. Mooning opponents in sports or in battle as an insult may have a history going back to ancient Rome.
11244:
10960:
2187:
or criminality. However, more recent studies find that naturism has positive effects on body image, self-esteem and life satisfaction.
1671:
while naked. However, some naturists do not maintain this non-sexual atmosphere, as when nudist resorts host sexually oriented events.
1589:
1464:
may be forbidden in some jurisdictions, unregulated in others, or protected as a legal right in public and the workplace. Where public
9125:
Smith, H. W. (1 September 1980). "A Modest Test of Cross-Cultural Differences in Sexual Modesty, Embarrassment and Self-Disclosure".
6922:
Tiggemann, Marika (2011). "Sociocultural Perspectives on Human Appearance and Body Image". In Cash, Thomas F.; Smolak, Linda (eds.).
1522:
to swim nude. The public health recommendation of male nudity continued officially until 1962 but was observed into the 1970s by the
19:
This article is about the scientific and cultural information about human nudity. For nudity in the arts and other visual media, see
10859:
9473:
6517:
Kawano, Satsuki (2005). "Japanese Bodies and Western Ways of Seeing in the Late Nineteenth Century". In Masquelier, Adeline (ed.).
1395:
7015:
Wiener, Margaret (2005). "Breasts. (Un)Dress, and Modernist Desires in Balinese-Tourist Encounter". In Masquelier, Adeline (ed.).
11693:
9700:
Wheeler, P.E. (1985). "The loss of functional body hair in man: the influence of thermal environment, body form and bipedality".
2245:
refers to running nude through a public area. While the activity may have a long history, the term originated in the 1970s for a
2183:
The social sciences, until the middle of the 20th century, often studied public nakedness, including naturism, in the context of
1580:
6590:
Substantive and Procedural Aspects of International Criminal Law: The Experience of International and National Courts: Materials
5822:. A History of Private Life. Vol. I. Series Editor Paul Veyne. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
573:), which had social functions similar to a modern beach, mixed nude bathing may have been the norm up to the fourth century CE.
11671:
11661:
10967:
8523:
Leary, Mark R; Buttermore, Nicole R. (2003). "The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self-Awareness".
1315:
239:, dated between 39,000 and 25,000 BCE. The practice of body adornment is associated with the emergence of behavioral modernity.
10736:
9730:
7343:"Naked Bodies and Nasty Pictures: Decoding Sex Scripts in Preadolescence, Re-examining Normative Nudity through Art Education"
6255:"Some Aspects of Everyday Hygiene of Christians and Sunni Muslims in Bulgaria â 'Clash' of Two Religious and Cultural Systems"
2330:, especially when administered in public. For example, in 2017, students at a girls' school in the north-east Indian state of
88:
beginning of puberty. Women may not cover their breasts if they were associated with nursing babies more than with sexuality.
10901:
10301:
7026:
6950:
6931:
6891:
6872:
6851:
6826:
6776:
6757:
6738:
6694:
6675:
6654:
6549:
6528:
6507:
6424:
6346:
6291:
6172:
6151:
6109:
6090:
6069:
6050:
6029:
5976:
5955:
5934:
5907:
5808:
5768:
2371:
2310:
2212:
The brief, sudden exposure of parts of the body normally hidden from public view has a long tradition, taking several forms.
1711:
937:). Some resorts continue to be mixed gender, but the number is declining as they cease to be supported by local communities.
107:
The spread of Western concepts of modest dress was part of colonialism, and continues today with globalization. Contemporary
11224:
10046:
11666:
11317:
10671:
10572:
2379:
2013:
embraced nudity as part of their daily routine and to emphasize their rejection of anything artificial. In the mainstream,
1327:
in the United States since the 1920s, but as a social and recreational practice rather than part of an organized religion.
222:
10519:
10364:
1025:
1007:
11578:
7822:
2760:
2135:(FKK), "free body culture" originated in Europe in the late 19th century among some members of the life reform movement (
2108:
1567:
645:, while other seek more open acceptance of nudity in everyday life and in public spaces designated as clothing-optional.
10921:
10334:
112:
power may use nudity as a form of protest, and those with power may impose nakedness on others as a form of punishment.
11072:
6403:
267:
Some of the technology for what is now called clothing may have originated to make other types of adornment, including
9199:
Story, Marilyn D. (1987). "A Comparison of Social Nudists and Non-Nudists on Experience with Various Sexual Outlets".
11643:
6988:
6912:
6798:
6715:
6598:
6577:
6486:
6463:
6318:
6199:
6130:
6006:
5884:
5827:
5789:
8821:
11708:
11616:
11289:
10172:
7248:
Barcan, Ruth (2004b). "Regaining what Mankind has Lost through Civilisation: Early Nudism and Ambivalent Moderns".
1801:
1482:
11398:
11166:
11014:
10690:
Simmons, Pauline; Yarwood, Doreen; Laver, James; Murray, Anne Wood; Marly, Diana Julia Alexandra (6 April 2022).
2532:
the 20th century. When film was developed by commercial photo labs, some were reported to the police as possible
1444:
9918:
9096:
Smith, Glenn; King, Michael (June 2009). "Naturism and sexuality: Broadening our approach to sexual wellbeing".
8766:"Authenticity and Asceticism: Discourse and Performance in Nude Culture and Health Reform in Belgium, 1920-1940"
5902:. Representations and Remains in the Archaeological Record. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 202â214.
5799:
Anderson-Fye, Ellen P. (2011). "Body Image in Non-Western Countries". In Cash, Thomas F.; Smolak, Linda (eds.).
2322:
In some situations, nudity is forced on a person. For instance, imposed nudity (full or partial) can be part of
1403:
In much of the world, the modesty of women is a matter not only of social custom but of the legal definition of
11681:
11114:
10155:
6619:
6376:
6243:
5857:
2524:
2429:
Nudity is used to draw public attention to a cause, sometimes including the promotion of public nudity itself.
2270:
9646:"I Feel Better Naked: Communal Naked Activity Increases Body Appreciation by Reducing Social Physique Anxiety"
9021:
Shrum, Wesley; Kilburn, John (1996). "Ritual Disrobement at Mardi Gras: Ceremonial Exchange and Moral Order".
7784:
Eck, Beth A. (December 2001). "Nudity and Framing: Classifying Art, Pornography, Information, and Ambiguity".
7219:
Barcan, Ruth (2001). "The Moral Bath of Bodily Unconsciousness: Female Nudism, Bodily Exposure and the Gaze".
6705:
1858:
11806:
10018:
2591:
9162:
Story, Marilyn D. (1979). "Factors Associated with More Positive Body Self-Concepts in Preschool Child...".
8717:
Umkhosi Womhlanga (Reed Dance) as a tourism enterprise in KwaZulu-Natal: Perceptions, Policies and Practices
11946:
11393:
10392:
2550:
1664:
1531:
1247:
9532:
Weinberg, Martin S; Williams, Colin J. (2010). "Bare Bodies: Nudity, Gender, and the Looking Glass Body".
8362:
1959:
practices in the visual arts have been adopted. At modern universities, art schools, and community groups
1514:
reported that at an elementary school public swimming competition the youngest boys competed in the nude.
756:
11854:
11573:
10096:
9848:
9474:"Breastfeeding Legislation in the United States: A General Overview and Implications for Helping Mothers"
8004:"Penises, Nipples, and Bums, Oh My! An Examination of How Freedom of Expression Applies to Public Nudity"
2010:
814:
379:
10442:
9898:
5925:
Berner, Christoph; SchÀfer, Manuel; Schott, Martin; Schulz, Sarah; WeingÀrtner, Martina (27 June 2019).
5896:"Female Figurines in the European Upper Paleolithic: Politics and Bias in Archaeological Interpretation"
1097:
929:) were once common, but became less so with the addition of bathtubs in homes. SentĆ were mixed gender (
11789:
11774:
10621:
8205:
6311:
Locker Room Diaries : The Naked Truth about Women, Body Image, and Re-imagining the "Perfect" Body
2686:
2452:
2375:
1427:, which is what the women sought. While the decision gave women more freedom to be topfree (e.g. while
1265:
447:
83:
became part of non-verbal communications, indicating a person's social and individual characteristics.
68:
10499:
9597:
8734:"Defining Behavioral Modernity in the Context of Neandertal and Anatomically Modern Human Populations"
1726:
In the early 20th century, the attitudes of the general public toward the human body reflected rising
1635:
far more genitalia than you were perhaps expecting." In the 21st century, many situations have become
11588:
11322:
11095:
10599:
9985:
9959:
6332:. Figurationen. Schriften zur Zivilisations und Prozesstheorie. Vol. 12. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
1356:
1234:
GĂłrnicka found that lasting change is a gradual process of social learning similar to other forms of
1173:
reflects the spirit of the hunt and being overdressed may be considered ridiculous or inappropriate.
582:
443:
236:
202:
10878:
10631:
11941:
11936:
11686:
11415:
8908:"Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago"
8380:"Reimagining Athletic Nudity: The Sexualization of Sport as a Sign of a 'Porno-Ization' of Culture"
7509:
Condra, Mollie B. (1992). "Bare Facts and Naked Truths: Gender, Power, and Freedom of Expression".
6808:
6786:
2346:
2273:
for the right to be nude in public outside of designated areas. His claim was ultimately rejected.
2200:
1734:
1404:
125:
11208:
8596:"The Social World of Outdoor Swimming: Cultural Practices, Shared Meanings, and Bodily Encounters"
166:
are often synonyms for a human being unclothed, but take on many meanings in particular contexts.
11490:
11356:
11349:
10275:
10130:
8455:"Nudism in Nazi Germany: Indecent Behaviour or Physical Culture for the Well-Being of the Nation"
7615:
6945:. The Samoan Case (1722â1848) Western Misunderstandings about Sexuality and Divinity. ANU Press.
2250:
1999:
1994:
1977:
1762:
is the perceptions and feelings of a person regarding their own body's appearance, which effects
1733:
Individuals vary in their comfort with being nude in private. According to a 2004 U.S. survey by
1658:
1461:
1424:
1408:
1278:
1235:
461:
248:
1839:
11811:
11784:
11503:
11034:
8984:
Short, Donn (2007). "The Informal Regulation of Gender: Fear and Loathing in the Locker Room".
6544:. Ancient Cultures; v.4 (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
2750:
2712:
2541:
2490:
2359:
2077:
2023:
in 1970 that a bikini bottom worn alone had become fashionable for young women on beaches from
1987:
1685:
1473:
came out in support of public breastfeeding at church services soon after assuming the Papacy.
1364:
1320:
613:
330:
33:
11089:
Nudity in public alone with no aggravating features is very unlikely to amount to ... offence.
10005:
9885:
9358:"Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa"
6588:
2261:
In the United Kingdom, nudity may not be used to "harass, alarm or distress" according to the
194:
11816:
11638:
10553:"Last splash: Immodest Japanese tradition of mixed bathing may be on the verge of extinction"
10420:
10351:
10262:
9767:
8409:
8079:
7709:
7082:
2422:
2262:
2177:
2055:
1302:
37:
8067:
6978:
6750:
Beyond Birds and Bees: Bringing Home a New Message to Our Kids About Sex, Love, and Equality
6233:
299:
The current empirical evidence for the origin of clothing is from a 2010 study published in
71:
were naked, having lost their body hair and living in hospitable climates. As humans became
11884:
11761:
11525:
11425:
11282:
9709:
9073:"The Land of Sauna, Sisu, and Sibelius â An Attempt at a Psychological Portrait of Finland"
8919:
8429:
8237:
7616:"Boob Laws: An Analysis of Social Deviance within Gender, Families, or the Home (Etudes 2)"
7546:
7531:
7182:
Alaimo, Stacy (2010). "The naked word: The trans-corporeal ethics of the protesting body".
6209:
Engberg, Maria; Bjorkroth, Peter; Marques, Lenia; Bjorkroth, Peter; Engberg, Maria (2022).
2442:
2184:
2157:
1898:, public sauna facilities in these countriesâwhile nudeâdo not usually segregate genders.
1648:
671:
469:
292:
291:(40,000 to 60,000 years ago) in which humans became not only anatomically modern, but also
72:
20:
11053:
8822:"The Auto-Authentication of the Page: Purely Written Speech and the Doctrine of Obscenity"
7532:"Theorising Nudist Equality: An Encounter Between Political Fantasy and Public Appearance"
2504:
stated "no nude, however abstract, should fail to arouse in the spectator some vestige of
1428:
8:
11831:
11736:
10806:
9437:
8749:
6969:
6818:
2735:
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2470:
2351:
2323:
2161:
2003:
1701:
1631:
1199:
1187:
871:
794:
597:
253:
120:
as representing positive values. A minority within many countries assert the benefits of
11558:
9713:
9485:
8923:
8241:
7550:
7103:"The Collective Behavior of Fads: The Characteristics, Effects, and Career of Streaking"
6882:
Swartz, Barry (2015). "The Social Psychology of Privacy". In Joseph A. Cannataci (ed.).
2130:
1198:
The moral ambiguity of nudity is reflected in its many meanings, often expressed in the
561:, the Greek traditions were not maintained because public nudity became associated with
11879:
11836:
11821:
11751:
11746:
11553:
11405:
11344:
10941:
10076:
9807:
9780:
9750:
9681:
9625:
9598:"A Nudity-Based Intervention to Improve Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction"
9584:
9520:
9460:
9424:
9407:
Uebel, Michael (2019). "Dirty Rotten Shame? The Value and Ethical Functions of Shame".
9390:
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6276:
Climate, Clothing, and Agriculture in Prehistory: Linking Evidence, Causes, and Effects
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84:
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10443:"Rules Girls Must Wear Swim Suits: School Board at Detroit Acts After Mothers Protest"
10322:"Tunisian Woman Sent to a Psychiatric Hospital for Posting Topless Photos on Facebook"
9721:
9109:
8893:
Sando, Linnea C. (2014). "The Enduring Finnish Sauna in Hamlin County, South Dakota".
8544:
Mann, Channing (1963). "Swimming Classes in Elementary Schools on a City-Wide Basis".
8228:
Jablonski, Nina G.; Chaplin, George (2000). "The Evolution of Human Skin Coloration".
7729:
921:
in Japan. Purification in the bath is not only for the body, but the heart or spirit (
287:
and Nicole Buttermore, body adornment is one of the changes that occurred in the late
190:
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is based upon the idea that nakedness is connected to nature positively as a form of
1166:
1162:
420:
305:
280:
129:
9762:
Wiltse, Jeffrey (2003). "Contested waters: A History of Swimming Pools in America".
9524:
9348:
8878:
8515:
8265:
8196:
8052:"The World in Dress: Anthropological Perspectives on Clothing, Fashion, and Culture"
8019:
7958:
7769:
7641:"Promiscuous throng: The 'indecent' manner of sea-bathing in the nineteenth century"
6727:
Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa New Zealand: History, Pedagogy, and Liberation
6442:
5995:
5876:
227:
11869:
11826:
11583:
11329:
11154:
9802:
9792:
9742:
9717:
9657:
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9502:
9452:
9416:
9385:
9369:
9328:
9284:
9249:
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9208:
9171:
9134:
9105:
9084:
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8993:
8970:
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8805:
8777:
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8607:
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8391:
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8329:
8294:
8286:
8245:
8176:
8155:
8111:
8063:
8015:
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7878:
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7554:
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7518:
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7358:
7354:
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7286:
7257:
7228:
7191:
7167:
7114:
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7003:
6965:
6629:
6279:
6187:
6012:
5872:
4399:
2740:
2707:
2486:
2216:
Flashing refers to the brief public exposure of the genitals or female breasts. At
2166:
2018:
1907:
1627:
1552:
1412:
1390:
630:
609:
550:
522:
11185:
10975:
10691:
9661:
9175:
8578:
7324:
7307:
7047:"Paidia meets Ludus: New York City Municipal Pools and the Infrastructure of Play"
1941:
In the 21st century, some high-end New York City gyms were redesigned to cater to
1663:
The social context defines the cultural meaning of nudity that may range from the
198:
11931:
11901:
11598:
11548:
11334:
11275:
10651:
10266:
8413:
8396:
7841:
7086:
7016:
6902:
6862:
6837:
6812:
6665:
6637:
6609:
6539:
6518:
6497:
6430:
6414:
6162:
6141:
6120:
6080:
6040:
5966:
5945:
5847:
5779:
2745:
2482:
2140:
2099:
1973:
1927:
1804:
found that nude social interaction reduced body anxiety and promoted well-being.
1771:
1558:
1503:
1432:
853:
642:
634:
601:
592:
431:
244:
232:
171:
97:
10355:
9771:
9645:
8083:
7713:
7007:
4365:
4363:
2176:
advocating and defending private and public nudity as part of a simple, natural
2038:
elements of the counterculture, including nudity, continued with events such as
1579:
A report issued in 2009 on child sexual development in the United States by the
1155:
1055:
11801:
11741:
11361:
10847:"Women ask Supreme Court to toss topless ban: Why are rules different for men?"
10205:
9919:"Public nudity in Oregon: Where you can and can't legally be naked in the open"
9332:
8159:
7470:
7261:
2669:
2595:
2456:
2313:
scandal: a naked prisoner being forced to crawl and bark like a dog on a leash.
2226:
2014:
1785:
1743:, 58 percent reported that they slept in the nude; by generation 65 percent of
1715:
1454:
1215:
1017:
675:
554:
549:
the beauty and power of the gods who were depicted as perfect naked humans. In
10257:
Slenske, M.; Langmuir, M. (16 April 2018). "Who's Afraid of the Female Nude".
10124:
9571:
9554:
9456:
9319:
Toepfer, Karl (2003). "One Hundred Years of Nakedness in German Performance".
9212:
8997:
8854:
8379:
8180:
8115:
7986:
7797:
7583:
7568:"The Naked Subject: Nudity, Context and Sexualization in Contemporary Culture"
7232:
7195:
7046:
5917:
882:, as well as traditional clothing: a loincloth for men and a skirt for women.
600:
hunter-gatherers are the community of a few hundred individuals on one of the
11925:
11911:
11874:
11859:
11796:
11721:
11611:
11508:
11498:
11438:
11433:
11371:
10616:
10404:
10376:
10108:
10030:
9669:
9621:
9613:
9580:
9420:
9381:
9340:
9296:
9183:
9146:
9005:
8975:
8958:
8862:
8789:
8692:
8652:
8611:
8405:
8275:"The Colours of Humanity: The Evolution of Pigmentation in the Human Lineage"
8188:
8123:
8075:
8051:
8027:
7942:
7753:
7705:
7689:
7680:
7652:
7591:
7478:
7454:
7422:
7366:
7333:
7290:
7203:
7126:
7070:
6257:. In Slavkova, Magdelena; Maeva, Mila; Erolova, Yelis; Popov, Rachko (eds.).
5895:
4360:
2700:
2640:): Performers posing motionless on stage placed nudity in an artistic context
2501:
2462:
2266:
2069:
1921:
1830:
1793:
1636:
1593:
transmitted diseases, and the US would save hundreds of millions of dollars.
1465:
1399:
In many European countries women may sunbathe without covering their breasts.
1360:
1182:
1143:
966:
863:
831:
451:
141:
101:
80:
9373:
8932:
8907:
7874:
7567:
6386:
2784:
Nudity occurs while changing, not in the water; among open water swimmers a
1127:
1107:
425:
The habitual use of clothing is one of the changes that mark the end of the
11731:
11726:
11716:
11633:
11563:
11530:
11158:
11134:
9816:
9797:
9677:
9399:
9263:
9117:
8941:
8870:
8797:
8765:
8595:
8353:
8334:
8308:
8290:
8257:
8249:
7892:
7486:
5839:
Images and Gender: Contributions to the Hermeneutics of Reading Ancient Art
2630:
2391:
2136:
2024:
1748:
1572:
1494:
1470:
1286:
1273:
1257:
1147:
836:
827:
802:
782:
762:
739:
719:
667:
663:
659:
566:
257:
8838:
8781:
8644:
8629:"When Bare Breasts Are a "Threat": The Production of Bodies/Spaces in Law"
7761:
7018:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
6520:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
6434:
6283:
6191:
2116:
11779:
11628:
11383:
9515:
9191:
8839:"Understanding the Trusted Doctor and Constructing a Theory of Bioethics"
6611:
Dirt, Undress, and Difference Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface
6164:
Women and Gender in Contemporary Chinese Societies: Beyond Han Patriarchy
5491:
2838:
2834:
2528:
2485:
nude used in advertising and promotion. The nude in photography includes
2478:
2466:
2289:
2221:
2120:
2112:
2073:
2039:
1960:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1763:
1744:
1727:
1491:
1282:
1064:
1051:
950:
907:
830:
as early as the fourth century BCE, nudity is presented as an affront to
798:
638:
618:
457:
288:
260:
to cool their bodies when they moved from living in shady forest to open
182:. To be naked is more straightforward, not being properly dressed, or if
179:
145:
108:
9063:
8700:
8565:
Miller, Barry (2016). "On the Loss of Nudity in the Men's Locker Room".
8146:
Henry, Eric (1999). "The Social Significance of Nudity in Early China".
7374:
7062:
6980:
Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935
5867:
Barcan, Ruth (2015). "Nudism". In Patricia Whelehan; Anne Bolin (eds.).
5623:
557:
athletics, in which masculinity involved prudishness and paranoia about
11864:
11769:
11623:
11606:
11568:
11480:
11453:
11410:
11388:
11225:"Women in Yap dance at Easter for the 'Light that lights up the world'"
9986:"U.S. Supreme Court refuses to 'Free the Nipple' in topless women case"
9754:
9304:
9220:
9138:
9042:
8676:
8507:
8131:
8100:"Psychosocial Aspects of Female Topless Behavior on Australian Beaches"
7950:
7918:
7745:
7342:
7134:
6339:
The Emotional Politics of the Alternative Left: West Germany, 1968â1984
6062:
Fashion and Its Social Agendas: Class, Gender, and Identity in Clothing
2725:
2720:
2554:, upheld an Indiana law prohibiting total nudity for dancers in a bar.
2448:
2217:
2173:
2153:
2144:
2095:
1982:
1955:
1942:
1891:
1759:
1384:
1170:
1139:
1035:
1031:
995:
922:
913:
Public bathing for purification as well as cleanliness is part of both
891:
867:
703:
562:
558:
284:
272:
93:
76:
10712:"At what age should you allow your kids to play naked in the street?!"
9272:
8724:
8628:
8470:
8279:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
8099:
7805:
7430:
7398:
7102:
5380:
3382:
3022:
1123:
162:
11520:
11470:
11448:
9088:
6667:
Without the Banya We Would Perish: A History of the Russian Bathhouse
3130:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3046:
2242:
2051:
1739:
1689:
1075:
914:
900:
766:
537:
496:
426:
383:
149:
49:
9746:
9438:"A Politics of Nudity: Photographs of the 'Naked Mru' of Bangladesh"
9034:
8454:
7934:
7118:
6904:
Sex Before the Sexual Revolution: Intimate Life in England 1918â1963
6328:
GĂłrnicka, Barbara (2016). "From Lewd to Nude: Becoming a Naturist".
4678:
1605:
and the behavior that is normal within each space. In some cultures
156:
11540:
11475:
11458:
9273:"Sauna, Sisu and Sibelius: Ethnic Identity among Finnish Americans"
9072:
8499:
7824:
Adolescent Sexual Health in Europe and the US â Why the Difference?
7414:
5803:(Second ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 244â252.
5563:
3748:
2417:
2305:
2277:
2089:
2047:
2028:
1527:
1227:
1060:
918:
896:
875:
859:
743:
723:
702:
Hunter-gatherer family of southern Africa, often called Bushmen or
465:
206:
121:
117:
67:. While estimates vary, for the first 90,000 years of pre-history,
64:
24:
8959:"Re-clothing the Emperor: The Swimming Pool as a Negotiated Order"
8486:
Kushlan, James A. (1980). "The Evolution of Hairlessness in Man".
6042:
The Fabrics of Culture: The Anthropology of Clothing and Adornment
5443:
3661:
3262:
2788:
swimmer is someone who wears a standard swimsuit, most now wear a
926:
11443:
11378:
11339:
10173:"San Francisco nudists warn of backlash if anti-naked law passes"
8322:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
6926:(Second ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 12â19.
6416:
Pictures of Innocence â The History and Crisis of Ideal Childhood
5761:
The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam: ۧÙŰÙŰ§Ù ÙۧÙŰ۱ۧÙ
ÙÙ Ű§ÙŰ„ŰłÙۧÙ
4858:
4666:
3889:
2789:
2730:
2510:
2363:
2254:
2236:
2061:
1883:
1871:
1834:
1562:
1336:
1298:
1253:
1158:
999:
991:
879:
653:
In the Islamic societies of Africa nudity is forbidden, while in
570:
403:
268:
261:
6791:
Two Worlds: First meetings between Maori and Europeans 1642â1772
6208:
5841:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen: Academic Press Fribourg.
5719:
5236:
4786:
4369:
1281:, interpretations of Genesis have placed responsibility for the
356:
Women dancers performed wearing only jewelry in Ancient Egypt â
283:, "dressing" the naked body without concealing it. According to
10019:"The Naked Truth About Streaking at the University of Maryland"
7730:"Nudity in Japanese Visual Media: A Cross-Cultural Observation"
7308:"State of Undress: Law, Carnival and Mass Public Nudity Events"
5707:
4846:
4026:
4024:
3772:
3577:
2505:
2342:
2293:
2281:
2148:
1848:
1618:
spaces, each with expectations of shared norms being followed.
1601:
In thinking about nudity, an important dimension of culture is
1151:
1103:
1068:
962:
518:
399:
341:
276:
210:
11054:"Modern History Sourcebook: Women Miners in English Coal Pits"
10066:
Layng, Anthony (1998). "Confronting the Public Nudity Taboo".
7101:
Aguirre, B. E.; Quarantelli, E. L.; Mendoza, Jorge L. (1988).
6998:
Vile, J.; Hudson, D. L.; Schultz, D. (2009). "Public nudity".
6119:
Deonna, Julien A.; Rodogno, Raffaele; Teroni, Fabrice (2012).
5731:
4774:
4570:
3865:
2878:
2284:. Legal definitions are further complicated by laws regarding
1202:
used to describe cultural values, both positive and negative.
189:
Further synonyms and euphemisms for nudity abound, including "
11366:
9731:"The Two Western Cultures of Privacy: Dignity versus Liberty"
9356:
Toups, M. A.; Kitchen, A.; Light, J. E.; Reed, D. L. (2010).
8363:"Topfreedom: A rhetorical analysis of the debate with a bust"
7151:"Nudity versus Morality in "Women of Hope" Dance Performance"
6771:. New York, NY, UNITED STATES: Berghahn Books, Incorporated.
5467:
4630:
4582:
3601:
2412:
1867:
1826:
1781:
1344:
1340:
1261:
946:
934:
747:
60:
11211:. Wijngaards Institute for Catholic Research. 27 August 2015
10226:"Men's Locker Room Designers Take Pity on Naked Millennials"
7155:
IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies
6085:(Third ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
4762:
4195:
4021:
3925:
3913:
3226:
3118:
2080:âalso a place with long tradition of public nudityâin 2010.
1817:
that the naked body is shameful and must always be covered.
629:
Norms related to nudity are associated with norms regarding
11073:"Nudity in Public - Guidance on handling cases of Naturism"
10126:
Bruce Parry Experiences the Stick Fighting Festival â Tribe
8378:
Jirasek, Ivo; Kohe, Geoffery Zain; Hurych, Emanuel (2013).
7168:"The Concept of Nudity and Modesty in Arab-Islamic Culture"
6924:
Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention
5801:
Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention
5116:
3649:
3399:
3397:
2986:
2367:
1934:
1523:
1487:
605:
10961:"Discipline of the Bible Methodist Connection of Churches"
10922:"Citizen's Guide To U.S. Federal Law On Child Pornography"
6846:] (in German). Vienna: Christian BrandstÀtter Verlag.
5611:
5176:
5032:
4902:
4900:
4309:
4147:
3796:
3784:
3760:
3625:
1946:
when one parent accompanies children of differing gender.
92:
naked. However, through much of Western history until the
11267:
10689:
10632:"First-time jjimjilbang: how to visit a Korean bathhouse"
7100:
6844:
Nudity: A Cultural History of a taboo in the 20th century
6102:
Adornment: What Self-Decoration Tells Us about Who We Are
5924:
5386:
5344:
5320:
5224:
5200:
5188:
4738:
4594:
4464:
4462:
4387:
4183:
3736:
3511:
3487:
3451:
3310:
3088:
3052:
2656:
references the nudity of athletes in the ancient Olympics
2474:
2246:
658:
sexuality. Full or partial nudity is observed among some
296:
armor, and costumes used to impersonate "spirit-beings".
45:
11119:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
10995:"Inquiry after India students 'stripped for punishment'"
10077:"Pope Francis Reaffirms Support of Public Breastfeeding"
7667:
De Clercq, Eva (2011). "The Vulnerability of the Body".
6587:
McDonald, Gabrielle Kirk; Swaak-Goldman, Olivia (2000).
6261:. Sofia, Bulgaria: Paradigm Publishers. pp. 172â190
5308:
5296:
3724:
3589:
3475:
3394:
2950:
2866:
1423:
overturning the law as unconstitutional on the basis of
10540:"Baring It All: Why Boys Swam Naked in Chicago Schools"
10097:"Keeping Kids Curious About Their Bodies Without Shame"
10049:[Clothing in the Sauna: What are you wearing].
9933:"U.N. Says Abu Ghraib Abuse Could Constitute War Crime"
9077:
International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies
6143:
Naked Agency: Genital Cursing and Biopolitics in Africa
6039:
Cordwell, Justine M.; Schwarz, Ronald A., eds. (1979).
5431:
5397:
5395:
4897:
4834:
4798:
4618:
4435:
4375:
4135:
3973:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3274:
3214:
2974:
1639:
by media portrayals of any nudity as a prelude to sex.
11223:
10762:"Designing Public Locker Rooms with an Eye on Privacy"
10346:
Tosches, Rich (5 January 2012). "Long Live the FONG".
10148:"The minimalist dress code of the Amazon's Awa people"
9884:
Cappelle, Laura; Whittenburg, Zachary (1 April 2014).
8098:
Herold, Edward; Corbesi, Bruna; Collins, John (1994).
6839:
Nackt; Kulturgeschichte eines Tabus im 20. Jahrhundert
6689:. Cambridge, UNITED STATES: Harvard University Press.
6561:
The Heresy of the Free Spirit in the Later Middle Ages
6449:(2nd ed.). Wellington: MÄori Purposes Fund Board.
5947:
Veils, Nudity, and Tattoos: The New Feminine Aesthetic
5008:
4996:
4726:
4714:
4459:
4321:
4227:
4225:
3901:
3667:
3637:
3463:
3439:
3286:
3166:
3034:
906:
With the opening of Japan to European visitors in the
205:
or other parts of the body deemed sexual, such as the
32:"Naked" and "Nude" redirect here. For other uses, see
10206:"Naked rambler Stephen Gough loses human rights case"
9355:
6586:
6570:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
6104:. London, United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
5671:
5599:
5497:
5332:
5152:
5044:
4690:
4249:
4237:
4065:
4063:
4009:
3937:
3613:
3429:
3427:
3414:
3412:
3058:
3028:
2962:
2684:
201:". Partial nudity may be defined as not covering the
10879:"The American Sex Survey: A Peek Beneath the Sheets"
8097:
7827:. National Prevention Information Network. p. 6
7277:
Batten, Alicia J. (2010). "Clothing and Adornment".
6078:
5683:
5551:
5527:
5392:
5356:
5248:
5212:
5104:
5080:
4972:
4960:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4822:
4684:
4474:
4273:
4212:
4210:
4048:
3877:
3853:
3843:
3841:
3828:
3826:
3714:
3712:
3697:
3523:
3298:
3202:
2890:
2854:
216:
10737:"The origins of bathhouse culture around the world"
9883:
8452:
6704:Posner, Richard A.; Silbaugh, Katharine B. (1996).
6211:"Culture in a Grain of Sand: Finnish Sauna Bathing"
6118:
6082:
Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America
5971:. London, United Kingdom: Reaktion Books, Limited.
5725:
5587:
5539:
5407:
5242:
5164:
5128:
5068:
5056:
4936:
4924:
4810:
4792:
4702:
4606:
4522:
4510:
4486:
4447:
4423:
4338:
4336:
4261:
4222:
4159:
4123:
4111:
4099:
4087:
4075:
3997:
3985:
3949:
3813:
3811:
3685:
3555:
3553:
3010:
2610:Zulu Bride and Bridegroom, the first photograph in
1297:The meaning of nudity for early Christians was the
10463:
10441:
10419:
10302:"The naked truth about San Francisco's nudity ban"
10239:"SAN ONOFRE: State begins citing nudists at beach"
10193:"Men, Manliness, and Being Naked Around Other Men"
9958:
9931:
9866:
9847:
9602:International Journal of Happiness and Development
8206:"Body and Dress in the Civilisation of Spectacles"
6474:
5994:
5836:
5695:
5647:
5368:
5284:
5272:
5092:
4984:
4948:
4912:
4750:
4654:
4558:
4546:
4534:
4171:
4060:
4036:
3961:
3673:
3565:
3424:
3409:
3358:
3346:
3250:
3190:
3142:
3136:
3106:
3100:
3076:
2998:
2914:
2902:
2500:Making a distinction between art and pornography,
2477:(images displayed for aesthetic appreciation) and
2068:In the United States in 2012, the city council of
1630:that avoid sexualization. A particular example is
10047:"Bekleidung in der Sauna: Was haben Sie denn an?"
9050:Silver, Nina (1991). "The Shame of Being Naked".
8546:Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation
8459:The International Journal of the History of Sport
8377:
7973:Goelet, Ogden (1993). "Nudity in Ancient Egypt".
6997:
5869:The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality
5737:
5635:
5515:
5455:
5419:
5260:
5140:
4870:
4642:
4576:
4498:
4348:
4297:
4285:
4207:
3838:
3823:
3709:
3499:
3370:
3334:
3238:
3178:
11923:
9960:"How Burning Man Has Evolved Over Three Decades"
9531:
8272:
8227:
7859:"Swimming Pools and Other Public Bathing Places"
7846:Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers
7669:International Journal of Philosophy and Theology
6767:Salazar, Noel B.; Graburn, Nelson H. H. (2014).
5575:
5503:
5479:
5020:
4411:
4333:
4030:
3808:
3550:
3322:
3154:
2938:
2926:
2672:(1971) as part of a message to extraterrestrials
2334:were forced to undress as a form of punishment.
2147:founding thirteen FKK schools. With the rise of
1695:
722:woman participating in the Umhlanga ceremony in
437:
11033:
10399:. Vol. 156, no. 9. pp. 152â153.
10256:
8522:
6769:Tourism Imaginaries: Anthropological Approaches
6724:
6563:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
6038:
4780:
4201:
3655:
2992:
2756:List of places where social nudity is practised
2370:gained international notoriety for accounts of
2156:as the standard of beauty, as reflected in the
2104:List of places where social nudity is practiced
1642:
11100:Grinnell University: Subcultures and Sociology
10900:
6766:
6703:
6218:Creating Cultural Understanding through Travel
5943:
5473:
5449:
5122:
3895:
3388:
1205:One of the firstâbut now obsoleteâmeanings of
11283:
11184:
10860:"Study: Two-thirds of Millennials sleep nude"
10440:
9493:Velleman, J. (2001). "The Genesis of Shame".
8315:
6900:
6079:D'Emilio, John; Freedman, Estelle B. (2012).
5818:AriĂšs, Philippe; Duby, Georges, eds. (1987).
4672:
4315:
2956:
2872:
2436:
1915:
1862:Using birch branches in a Finnish sauna, 1967
1350:
1248:Nudity in religion § Abrahamic religions
11113:
10652:"Nudity is considered quite normal nowadays"
10418:
9435:
9020:
8453:KrĂŒger, A.; KrĂŒger, F.; Treptau, S. (2002).
8273:Jablonski, Nina G.; Chaplin, George (2017).
6962:Naked: The Dark Side of Shame and Moral Life
6481:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
6161:Du, Shanshan; Chen, Ya-chen (4 March 2013).
6122:In Defense of Shame: The Faces of an Emotion
5798:
5350:
5326:
4744:
4189:
3481:
2817:
2801:
2527:(or of children with nude adults) appear in
2128:
1339:School in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, where the
670:)âduring particular occasions; for example,
75:, body adornments such as jewelry, tattoos,
11133:
10902:"Baring It All: Get Naked with the Germans"
10448:Iowa City Press Citizen, Jan 15, 1947, p. 1
10070:. Vol. 126, no. 2634. p. 24.
8906:Schlebusch; et al. (3 November 2017).
6940:
6649:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
6567:
5777:
5758:
5713:
5629:
4852:
3979:
3544:
3124:
2431:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2345:used forced nudity to humiliate inmates in
11290:
11276:
11207:
11115:"Restrictions on Women's Religious Attire"
10974:
10940:
10785:Stöppler, Melissa Conrad (29 March 2021).
10692:"Dress â the Nature and Purposes of Dress"
10450:. Highland Park, Michigan. 15 January 1947
9764:ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global
8905:
8674:
8525:Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour
8430:"Dress as a Medium of Cultural Expression"
8166:
6607:
6495:
6393:
6337:HĂ€berlen, Joachim C. (20 September 2018).
5437:
4381:
4153:
3907:
3469:
3445:
3268:
3172:
3040:
1949:
1870:is attended nude in its source country of
1754:
398:Three young women bathing. Side B from an
23:. For the practices of social nudity, see
10959:
10857:
10759:
10669:
10003:
9832:
9806:
9796:
9570:
9514:
9389:
9253:
9095:
9070:
8974:
8931:
8826:William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
8677:"The Origin of Nudity in Greek Athletics"
8395:
8343:
8333:
8298:
7882:
7666:
7323:
7002:. Washington, DC: CQ Press. p. 894.
6921:
6907:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6860:
6814:Tears of Rangi: Experiments Across Worlds
6614:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
6523:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
6472:
6453:
6259:Between the Worlds: People Spaces Rituals
5964:
5817:
5569:
5014:
5002:
4732:
4720:
4588:
4468:
4327:
4015:
3943:
3931:
3919:
3232:
2980:
2968:
2860:
2841:which continues to be performed in Egypt.
2509:significant sexual content without being
2349:. This practice was depicted in the film
576:
231:A necklace reconstructed from perforated
11094:
11052:
11039:Historical Archives â Male Nude Swimming
10877:
10844:
10784:
10550:
10390:
10276:"Curtains for schools' communal showers"
10273:
10190:
10170:
9846:Andrews, Edmund L. (24 September 2000).
9492:
7842:"The Sanitary Control of Swimming Pools"
7396:
7175:European Journal of Science and Theology
6959:
6541:Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World
6412:
6336:
6327:
6273:
6252:
5677:
5338:
5182:
5158:
5050:
4864:
4804:
4768:
4696:
4255:
4243:
4054:
3883:
3871:
3859:
3532:
3292:
3280:
3208:
2416:
2304:
2280:by either sex or exposure of the female
2107:
2076:began issuing tickets against nudity at
1993:
1981:
1857:
1838:
1596:
1566:
1486:
1448:
1394:
226:
44:
11165:
10824:
10649:
10589:
10497:
10462:
10345:
10145:
9860:from the original on 14 September 2009.
9845:
9728:
9699:
9318:
9270:
8763:
8485:
8068:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143805
8008:Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
8001:
7455:"Disguises and the Origins of Clothing"
7452:
7305:
7247:
7165:
6976:
6835:
6807:
6785:
6725:Ritchie, Jenny; Skerrett, Mere (2014).
6663:
6572:(3 ed.). Oxford University Press.
6496:Jordan, Tim; Pile, Steve, eds. (2003).
6371:. New York: Doubleday. pp. 87â88.
6308:
6139:
5927:Clothing and Nudity in the Hebrew Bible
5845:
5689:
5557:
5533:
5401:
5387:Aguirre, Quarantelli & Mendoza 1988
5362:
5302:
5254:
5230:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5110:
5086:
4978:
4966:
4906:
4891:
4828:
4636:
4279:
4003:
3991:
3955:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3730:
3703:
3691:
3643:
3631:
3595:
3583:
3016:
2920:
2908:
2884:
2172:Contemporary naturism (or nudism) is a
1820:
1581:National Child Traumatic Stress Network
624:
11924:
11243:
11071:
10968:Bible Methodist Connection of Churches
10804:
10709:
10629:
10362:
10332:
10319:
10286:
10274:Smithers, Rebecca (21 December 1999).
10236:
10094:
10074:
10004:Jablonski, Nina G. (1 November 2012).
9983:
9956:
9864:
9833:Andreatta, David (22 September 2017).
9761:
9049:
8836:
8819:
8731:
8626:
8564:
8427:
8360:
8316:Jarrett, Paul; Scragg, Robert (2020).
8049:
7972:
7916:
7899:
7820:
7687:
7613:
7529:
7508:
7399:"Nudity as a Costume in Classical Art"
7276:
7218:
7181:
7014:
6881:
6684:
6644:
6558:
6516:
6181:
6160:
6099:
5866:
5759:al-Qaradawi, Yusuf (11 October 2013).
5665:
5617:
5593:
5545:
5413:
5170:
5134:
5074:
5062:
5038:
4942:
4930:
4816:
4708:
4612:
4528:
4516:
4492:
4453:
4429:
4267:
4231:
4165:
4117:
4105:
4093:
4081:
4069:
4042:
3967:
3679:
3571:
3517:
3493:
3457:
3433:
3364:
3352:
3316:
3304:
3256:
3148:
3112:
3064:
3004:
2896:
2229:flashing references its history as a "
1674:
1571:Bathing in the center of East Berlin,
1309:"Theology of the Body" given in 1979,
1241:
1050:Prior to the European colonization of
11271:
10920:
10858:Weintraub, Karen (7 September 2018).
10590:Kincaid, James R. (31 January 2000).
10517:
10393:"Beauty Bulletin: The Black Monokini"
10223:
10191:Senelick, Richard (3 February 2014).
10133:from the original on 21 December 2021
10122:
10065:
10016:
9896:
9879:from the original on 10 January 2022.
9643:
9595:
9471:
9406:
9227:
9198:
9161:
9124:
8983:
8956:
8892:
8837:Rhodes, Rosamond (1 September 2001).
8714:
8633:Canadian Journal of Women and the Law
8593:
8318:"Evolution, Prehistory and Vitamin D"
8203:
8145:
7727:
7638:
7565:
6964:. New York: Oxford University Press.
6901:Szreter, Simon; Fisher, Kate (2010).
6747:
6441:
6231:
6059:
6019:
5992:
5871:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 819â830.
5701:
5668:, Ch. 2 - Autres Temps, Autre Moeurs.
5653:
5605:
5374:
5290:
5278:
5098:
4990:
4954:
4918:
4840:
4756:
4660:
4624:
4600:
4564:
4552:
4540:
4480:
4441:
4405:
4393:
4177:
4141:
3847:
3832:
3718:
3607:
3505:
3418:
3403:
3376:
3340:
3244:
2944:
2932:
1807:
1712:high-context and low-context cultures
11318:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
11209:"The Woman Deacon's role at Baptism"
11015:"Iraq prison 'abuse' sparks outrage"
10734:
10617:"Fashion and Dress in Ancient Egypt"
10614:
10570:
10551:Hadfield, James (10 December 2016).
10299:
10203:
10044:
9984:Hurley, Lawrence (13 January 2020).
9944:from the original on 5 November 2019
9929:
9916:
9778:
9552:
8750:10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.105113
8543:
7856:
7839:
7453:Buckner, William (1 December 2021).
7148:
7044:
6647:The 60s communes: hippies and beyond
6628:
6537:
6366:
6355:
6235:Bathing in Public in the Roman World
5893:
5641:
5521:
5461:
5425:
5314:
5266:
5146:
4879:
4648:
4504:
4408:, Chapter 2 - Dropping the Fig Leaf.
4354:
4303:
4291:
4216:
4129:
3817:
3619:
3559:
3328:
3220:
3196:
3184:
3160:
2400:
1546:
1176:
1150:âpractice a funeral ritual known as
414:
314:Functional nudity in ancient history
223:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
11152:
11013:
10993:
10735:Sood, Suemedha (30 November 2012).
10537:
10498:Bradley, David (17 November 2020).
10335:"The (Un-Erotic) Glories of Nudity"
10333:Taylor, Zanthe (28 February 2012).
10171:Reynolds, Eoin (20 November 2012).
9971:from the original on 30 August 2018
9957:Holson, Laura M. (31 August 2018).
9785:International Breastfeeding Journal
8770:Journal of the History of Sexuality
8715:Nkosi, Gugulethu Sebenzile (2013).
8627:Morton, Chantal (3 December 2011).
7783:
7728:Downs, James F. (1 December 1990).
7340:
7037:
7000:Encyclopedia of the First Amendment
6748:Rough, Bonnie J. (21 August 2018).
6330:Nakedness, Shame, and Embarrassment
5581:
5509:
5485:
5026:
4417:
4342:
2761:List of social nudity organizations
2614:of a woman with bare breasts (1896)
2578:made between 24,000 and 22,000 BCE.
2544:of the body in commercial culture.
16:State of humans wearing no clothing
13:
10670:Mughniyya, Muhammad Jawad (n.d.).
10630:Milner, Rebecca (23 August 2019).
10573:"The Skinny on Nudism in the U.S."
10500:"Naked Body Image and Self Esteem"
10287:Sterba, James (3 September 1974).
9835:"When boys swam nude in gym class"
9729:Whitman, James Q. (1 April 2004).
9289:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1996.tb02335.x
8843:Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics
8600:Journal of Sport and Social Issues
8204:Iuhas, Florica (7 November 2012).
7306:Bennett, Theodore (11 June 2020).
6983:. University of California Press.
6970:10.1093/oso/9780190843274.003.0007
6608:Masquelier, Adeline Marie (2005).
6274:Gilligan, Ian (13 December 2018).
6140:Diabate, Naminata (6 March 2020).
6045:. Chicago, IL: Walter de Gruyter.
1714:were introduced by anthropologist
1537:
1193:
14:
11958:
10845:Williams, Pete (19 August 2019).
10825:Wickman, Forrest (27 June 2012).
10615:Mark, Joshua J. (27 March 2017).
10538:Eng, Monica (10 September 2017).
10518:Daley, Jason (11 December 2018).
10465:"Young Swimmers in Championships"
10320:Tayler, Jeffrey (22 March 2013).
10224:Sicha, Choire (3 December 2015).
10045:Kast, GĂŒnter (18 November 2014).
9110:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.08.002
8002:Gutwein, Clara (1 January 2021).
7863:American Journal of Public Health
7149:Akas, Nicholas Chielotam (2017).
6419:. New York: Thames & Hudson.
6398:. Inner Traditions. p. 176.
5944:Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten (2015).
5498:McDonald & Swaak-Goldman 2000
5243:KrĂŒger, KrĂŒger & Treptau 2002
4793:Deonna, Rodogno & Teroni 2012
2668:Images of a man and woman on the
2300:
1721:
1391:Breast § Society and culture
1252:The meaning of the naked body in
866:who refused to wear clothing. In
217:Origins of nakedness and clothing
59:is the state of being in which a
11905:
11896:
11895:
10807:"Seeking the real Finnish Sauna"
10772:from the original on 30 May 2023
10747:from the original on 30 May 2023
10722:from the original on 30 May 2023
10520:"Why Did Humans Lose Their Fur?"
10421:"Foreign Notes of Real Interest"
10300:Taub, Gypsy (23 November 2012).
10146:Rowlatt, Justin (5 March 2011).
10075:Linshi, Jack (11 January 2015).
9868:"Germans Most Likely to Go Nude"
9546:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01156.x
9507:10.1111/j.1088-4963.2001.00027.x
9409:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
9246:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2012.01592.x
8537:10.1046/j.1468-5914.2003.00223.x
7919:"Women's Body Image and the Law"
7559:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00833.x
6568:Livingstone, E. A., ed. (2013).
6443:HÄ«roa, Te Rangi (Sir Peter Buck)
6313:. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
6238:. University of Michigan Press.
5781:Egypt: the world of the pharaohs
2827:
2811:
2795:
2778:
2706:
2694:
2661:
2645:
2619:
2603:
2583:
2567:
2031:, Italy. In 1974, an article in
1967:
1802:Goldsmiths, University of London
1483:Nude swimming in US indoor pools
1438:
1373:
1165:of Brazil living in the eastern
1115:
1096:
1081:
1071:, calling them "naked savages".
1024:
1006:
998:catching abalone (1788â1790) by
983:
774:
755:
731:
711:
695:
530:
511:
485:
391:
371:
349:
322:
10805:Weaver, Fran (8 October 2010).
10710:Sofola, Bunmi (27 March 2022).
10204:Shaw, Danny (28 October 2014).
9865:Bridge, Adrian (17 July 2014).
9362:Molecular Biology and Evolution
8719:(PhD). University of Zululand.
8050:Hansen, Karen Tranberg (2004).
8020:10.2979/indjglolegstu.28.1.0349
7566:Cover, Rob (1 September 2003).
7403:American Journal of Archaeology
6710:. University of Chicago Press.
6064:. University of Chicago Press.
6024:. University of Hawai'i Press.
5997:The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form
5898:. In Rautman, Alison E. (ed.).
5877:10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs315
5738:Vile, Hudson & Schultz 2009
5726:Cappelle & Whittenburg 2014
4577:Jirasek, Kohe & Hurych 2013
2385:
2190:
1445:Breastfeeding and mental health
1292:
301:Molecular Biology and Evolution
11167:"Strip Search After an Arrest"
10981:(Report). World Economic Forum
10942:"Definition of Partial nudity"
10363:Vachon, Dana (28 April 2005).
10237:Sisson, Paul (23 March 2010).
10129:(Youtube video). BBC Studios.
10095:Marder, Jenny (16 July 2020).
10051:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
9271:Stoller, Eleanor Palo (1996).
8558:10.1080/00221473.1963.10621677
7645:TLS. Times Literary Supplement
7523:10.1080/08997225.1992.10556145
7359:10.1080/00393541.2011.11518835
6864:The Undressed Art: Why We Draw
6362:. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday.
6341:. Cambridge University Press.
6278:. Cambridge University Press.
6001:. Princeton University Press.
5746:
3137:Asher-Greve & Sweeney 2006
3101:Asher-Greve & Sweeney 2006
3077:Asher-Greve & Sweeney 2006
2309:One of the photographs of the
2271:European Court of Human Rights
2065:lowest percentage, 2 percent.
1502:authorities. The addition of "
1476:
795:Umkhosi Womhlanga (Reed Dance)
135:
1:
11807:Nudity in American television
11077:The Crown Prosecution Service
10976:Global Gender Gap Report 2020
10888:. 21 October 2004. p. 26
10289:"Nudity Increases in America"
10123:Parry, Bruce (7 April 2017).
10017:Kelly, John (18 March 2023).
9722:10.1016/S0047-2484(85)80091-9
9662:10.1080/00224499.2020.1764470
9495:Philosophy and Public Affairs
9436:Van Schendel, Willem (2002).
9176:10.1080/00224545.1979.9711960
8738:Annual Review of Anthropology
8579:10.1080/00332925.2016.1134213
8056:Annual Review of Anthropology
7325:10.1080/10383441.2020.1774971
6867:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
6707:A Guide to America's Sex Laws
6060:Crane, Diana (12 June 2012).
5778:AltenmĂŒller, Hartwig (1998).
2766:
2634:
2592:Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho
2317:
1696:High and low context cultures
1692:, and thus human universals.
1378:
500:
438:Ancient and classical history
360:
334:
11190:Merriam-Webster's Dictionary
10592:"Is this child pornography?"
10348:Colorado Springs Independent
9930:Hoge, Warren (4 June 2004).
9917:Hale, Jamie (29 June 2015).
9897:Curry, Andrew (March 2012).
9559:Journal of Happiness Studies
9164:Journal of Social Psychology
8397:10.1080/17430437.2012.753525
7107:American Sociological Review
7021:. Indiana University Press.
6960:Thomason, Krista K. (2018).
5968:A Brief History of Nakedness
5820:From Pagan Rome to Byzantium
4685:D'Emilio & Freedman 2012
4031:Weinberg & Williams 2010
3757:, pp. 106â108, 131â133.
2848:
2551:Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc.
1643:Sexual and non-sexual nudity
1532:Education Amendments of 1972
674:tournaments in Ethiopia. In
7:
11855:Imagery of nude celebrities
11579:Social nudity organizations
10490:
10472:. 18 April 1909. p. 30
10428:. 13 August 1891. p. 6
10365:"The Tao of Skinny-Dipping"
10243:The San Diego Union-Tribune
9650:The Journal of Sex Research
9553:West, Keon (1 March 2018).
9201:The Journal of Sex Research
8104:The Journal of Sex Research
7975:Notes in the History of Art
7840:Gage, Stephen DeM. (1918).
7734:Archives of Sexual Behavior
7639:Darcy, Jane (3 July 2020).
7620:Women's Rights Law Reporter
7008:10.4135/9781604265774.n1071
6977:Toepfer, Karl Eric (1997).
6943:First Contacts in Polynesia
6941:Tcherkézoff, Serge (2008).
6685:Posner, Richard A. (1992).
6670:. Oxford University Press.
6473:Jablonski, Nina G. (2006).
6125:. Oxford University Press.
6022:Japan, A View from the Bath
5950:. Lanham: Lexington Books.
5572:, pp. xiâxvi, Preface.
4781:Cordwell & Schwarz 1979
3668:Catholics and Cultures 2019
3656:Ritchie & Skerrett 2014
2993:Leary & Buttermore 2003
2680:
2083:
2011:counterculture of the 1960s
10:
11963:
11790:Nudity in live performance
11297:
10622:World History Encyclopedia
9781:"Got milk? Not in public!"
9702:Journal of Human Evolution
9484:(3): 51â54. Archived from
9472:Vance, Melissa R. (2005).
9333:10.1162/105420403322764089
9277:The Sociological Quarterly
8567:Psychological Perspectives
8230:Journal of Human Evolution
8160:10.2752/136270499779476036
7614:Cusack, Carmen M. (2012).
7471:10.1007/s12110-021-09415-7
7397:Bonfante, Larissa (1989).
7279:Biblical Theology Bulletin
7262:10.2752/136270404778051870
6884:The Individual and Privacy
6634:Traditional Maori Clothing
6559:Lerner, Robert E. (1972).
6458:. New York: Viking Press.
6253:Gancheva, Iliyana (2019).
6232:Fagan, Garrett G. (2002).
5965:Carr-Gomm, Philip (2010).
5849:Nudity: A Cultural Anatomy
5474:Posner & Silbaugh 1996
5450:Posner & Silbaugh 1996
3389:Salazar & Graburn 2014
2525:Depictions of child nudity
2453:Nudity in live performance
2446:
2440:
2437:Depictions and performance
2421:People taking part in the
2410:
2404:
2389:
2376:United States Army Reserve
2337:
2194:
2093:
2087:
1971:
1925:
1919:
1916:Changing rooms and showers
1824:
1699:
1652:
1646:
1556:
1550:
1480:
1442:
1388:
1382:
1354:
1351:Sex and gender differences
1266:Genesis creation narrative
1245:
1045:
949:, bathhouses are known as
851:
580:
448:Clothing in ancient Greece
441:
418:
220:
154:In general English usage,
139:
126:laws defining proper dress
69:anatomically modern humans
31:
18:
11893:
11847:
11760:
11707:
11652:
11597:
11589:Timeline of social nudity
11539:
11489:
11424:
11323:Nakedness and colonialism
11305:
9849:"Sauna-of-the-Month Club"
9572:10.1007/s10902-017-9846-1
9457:10.1017/S0026749X02002032
9327:(4). MIT Press: 144â188.
9213:10.1080/00224498709551357
8998:10.1080/09589230701324751
8986:Journal of Gender Studies
8675:Mouratidis, John (1985).
8181:10.1007/s11199-011-0101-7
8116:10.1080/00224499409551740
7987:10.1086/sou.12.2.23202932
7917:Glazer, Reena N. (1993).
7584:10.1177/1357034X030093004
7233:10.1080/10304310120086795
7196:10.1080/07407701003589253
6861:Steinhart, Peter (2004).
6836:Scheuch, Manfred (2004).
6396:Sadhus: Holy Men of India
6394:Hartsuiker, Dolf (2014).
6146:. Duke University Press.
5929:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4673:Szreter & Fisher 2010
2957:Jarrett & Scragg 2020
2311:Abu Ghraib prison torture
1747:, but only 39 percent of
1614:membership, which define
1453:A woman breastfeeding in
1357:Sex differences in humans
1161:, the male members of an
956:
648:
583:Nakedness and colonialism
444:Clothing in ancient Egypt
237:Upper Palaeolithic Europe
11644:Clothing-optional events
11416:Clothing laws by country
11229:Catholics & Cultures
10926:US Department of Justice
10787:"Definition of Flashing"
10760:Steinbach, Paul (2017).
10391:Vreeland, Diana (1970).
9614:10.1504/IJHD.2020.111202
9421:10.1177/0022167816631398
9071:Sinkkonen, Jari (2013).
8976:10.1525/si.2009.32.2.123
8681:Journal of Sport History
8612:10.1177/0193723520928598
7347:Studies in Art Education
7291:10.1177/0146107910375547
7166:Al-Absi, Marwan (2018).
6645:Miller, Timothy (1999).
6538:Kyle, Donald G. (2014).
6454:Hollander, Anne (1978).
6367:Hall, Edward T. (1989).
6356:Hall, Edward T. (1966).
6309:Goldman, Leslie (2007).
6100:Davies, Stephen (2020).
5751:
5351:Shrum & Kilburn 1996
3781:, pp. 108â112, 134.
3610:, pp. 176, 364â365.
2771:
2201:Clothing laws by country
1998:Nude people at the 2007
1330:
940:
885:
847:
820:
608:in colder weather. Many
11709:Social nudity advocates
11491:Issues in social nudity
11357:Breastfeeding in public
11245:"YouGov Survey Results"
11135:"Public Baths in Japan"
10650:Möhring, Maren (2015).
10571:Hile, Jennifer (2004).
9825:
9228:Sutou, Shizuyo (2012).
8933:10.1126/science.aao6266
8855:10.1023/A:1014430208720
8764:Peeters, Evert (2006).
8488:The American Naturalist
8428:Karega, Munene (2004).
7902:"Persistence of Vision"
7875:10.2105/AJPH.16.12.1186
7798:10.1023/A:1012862311849
7690:"How Naked Is Juliana?"
7184:Women & Performance
6664:Pollock, Ethan (2019).
6477:Skin: A Natural History
6447:The Coming of the Maori
6413:Higonnet, Anne (1998).
5993:Clark, Kenneth (1956).
5894:Beck, Margaret (2000).
2000:Fremont Solstice Parade
1978:Issues in social nudity
1950:Arts-related activities
1755:Body image and emotions
1659:Physical attractiveness
1462:Breastfeeding in public
1279:Thorsten Botz-Bornstein
808:
662:and Nilo-Saharan (e.g.
462:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
378:Fresco of a fisherman,
249:sociocultural evolution
11812:Nudity in music videos
11785:Nude photography (art)
11504:Sexual objectification
11306:Nakedness and clothing
11159:10.1037/e736972011-001
10672:"The Rules of Modesty"
9839:Democrat and Chronicle
9798:10.1186/1746-4358-3-11
8732:Nowell, April (2010).
8361:Jensen, Robin (2004).
8335:10.3390/ijerph17020646
8291:10.1098/rstb.2016.0349
8250:10.1006/jhev.2000.0403
7900:Gilman, Bruce (1998).
7857:Gage, Stephen (1926).
7694:Philological Quarterly
7688:Dendle, Peter (2004).
7051:Social Science History
6638:A. H. & A. W. Reed
6593:. Vol. 2. Brill.
6456:Seeing Through Clothes
5846:Barcan, Ruth (2004a).
4154:Jordan & Pile 2003
3446:Huang & Lowry 2012
2818:
2802:
2751:Anarchism and naturism
2542:sexual objectification
2487:scientific, commercial
2426:
2314:
2129:
2124:
2078:San Onofre State Beach
2056:World Naked Bike Rides
2006:
1991:
1988:Christopher Street Day
1863:
1852:
1686:expectation of privacy
1576:
1498:
1458:
1400:
1365:Sexual objectification
844:of aggressive forces.
781:Beauty scarification,
614:Aboriginal Australians
577:Colonialism and racism
386:, Greece 1600â1500 BCE
240:
53:
34:Naked (disambiguation)
11822:Nudity in advertising
11817:Nudity in print media
11617:Nude swimming classes
9899:"The Cave Art Debate"
9374:10.1093/molbev/msq234
9127:Qualitative Sociology
8957:Scott, Susie (2009).
8820:Rasmus, Ryen (2011).
8782:10.1353/sex.2007.0020
8645:10.3138/cjwl.23.2.600
6284:10.1017/9781108555883
6192:10.4324/9780203398272
6186:. London: Routledge.
6182:Dundas, Paul (2004).
6020:Clark, Scott (1994).
5784:. Cologne: Könemann.
4639:, pp. 1159â1162.
4589:Smith & King 2009
3932:AriĂšs & Duby 1987
3920:AriĂšs & Duby 1987
3233:AriĂšs & Duby 1987
2423:World Naked Bike Ride
2420:
2308:
2263:Public Order Act 1986
2111:
1997:
1985:
1861:
1842:
1665:sacred to the profane
1628:negotiating behaviors
1597:Private versus public
1570:
1490:
1452:
1417:freedom of expression
1398:
655:sub-Saharan countries
523:Greek gods of Olympia
256:, made it easier for
230:
48:
38:Nude (disambiguation)
11885:Softcore pornography
11762:Depictions of nudity
11526:Wardrobe malfunction
11426:Nudity and sexuality
11035:"Male Nude Swimming"
10827:"Mooning: A History"
9903:Smithsonian Magazine
9735:The Yale Law Journal
9644:West, Keon (2020b).
9596:West, Keon (2020a).
9445:Modern Asian Studies
8963:Symbolic Interaction
8594:Moles, Kate (2021).
7511:Free Speech Yearbook
7341:Bey, Sharif (2011).
7045:Adiv, Naomi (2015).
6793:. Auckland: Viking.
6359:The Hidden Dimension
4202:HistoricArchive 2019
2598:, India (c. 1050 CE)
2559:Depictions of nudity
2443:Depictions of nudity
2380:post-invasion period
2158:Nazi propaganda film
2009:Participants in the
1821:Steam baths and spas
1649:Nudity and sexuality
1230:in the Middle Ages.
1088:Nudity in the Amazon
840:, could nullify the
625:Cultural differences
591:All humans lived in
470:New Kingdom of Egypt
338: 2500â2300 BCE
21:Depictions of nudity
11947:Precolonial history
11832:Glamour photography
11780:Nude modeling (art)
11737:Henry S. Huntington
11186:"Synonyms for Nude"
10970:. 2018. p. 37.
10576:National Geographic
10010:Scientific American
9714:1985JHumE..14...23W
8924:2017Sci...358..652S
8373:(1). Urbana: 68â69.
8242:2000JHumE..39...57J
7821:Feijoo, A. (2009).
7551:2011Antip..43..326C
7530:Cooper, D. (2011).
7312:Griffith Law Review
7063:10.1017/ssh.2015.64
6819:Auckland University
6167:. Lexington Books.
5852:. Berg Publishers.
5763:. The Other Press.
5716:, pp. 130â131.
5632:, 113â114, 302â303.
5620:, pp. 173â174.
5500:, pp. 280â283.
5317:, pp. 677â697.
5123:Spiegel Online 2006
5041:, pp. 197â199.
4855:, pp. 157â160.
4675:, pp. 268â277.
4603:, pp. 223â241.
4591:, pp. 439â446.
4396:, pp. 166â167.
4370:Engberg et al. 2022
3934:, pp. 455â456.
3922:, pp. 454â455.
3898:, pp. 103â104.
3896:Botz-Bornstein 2015
3805:, pp. 116â128.
3793:, pp. 113â116.
3769:, pp. 134â135.
3634:, pp. 275â276.
3520:, pp. 153â163.
3496:, pp. 152â153.
3460:, pp. 378â380.
3406:, pp. 475â486.
3319:, pp. 326â357.
3235:, pp. 245â246.
3223:, pp. 245â247.
3139:, pp. 134â135.
3103:, pp. 127â128.
3079:, pp. 125â128.
3053:Simmons et al. 2022
2736:History of nude art
2612:National Geographic
2576:Venus of Willendorf
2471:National Geographic
2347:concentration camps
2324:corporal punishment
2292:, but may become a
2004:Seattle, Washington
1843:Outdoor bathing at
1702:Naturism in Germany
1675:Concepts of privacy
1632:open water swimming
1325:Christian naturists
1242:Abrahamic religions
1236:group socialization
1220:group psychotherapy
1188:Abrahamic religions
1018:Digambara Jain monk
685:Sub-Saharan African
456:For millennia from
329:Scenes of herders,
293:behaviorally modern
73:behaviorally modern
11880:Nude psychotherapy
11837:Erotic photography
11752:Richard Ungewitter
11747:Elton Raymond Shaw
11584:Anarchist naturism
11574:Naturist magazines
11554:Christian naturism
11406:Nudity and protest
11345:Nudity in religion
11079:. 9 September 2022
11058:Fordham University
11001:. 30 November 2017
10369:The New York Times
10293:The New York Times
10230:The New York Times
10158:on 1 February 2020
10101:The New York Times
10068:USA Today Magazine
9965:The New York Times
9938:The New York Times
9854:The New York Times
9534:Sociological Forum
9139:10.1007/BF00987137
9098:Health & Place
8367:Women and Language
8285:(1724): 20160349.
7786:Sociological Forum
7746:10.1007/BF01542467
7572:Body & Society
6731:Palgrave Macmillan
5618:Du & Chen 2013
4316:Highland Park 1947
3745:, pp. 83â106.
3089:Berner et al. 2019
2873:Websters.nude 2019
2654:1920 Olympic Games
2495:erotic photography
2469:(such as nudes in
2427:
2407:Nudity and protest
2374:by members of the
2372:torture and abuses
2315:
2231:red-light district
2127:Nudism, in German
2125:
2034:The New York Times
2007:
1992:
1954:Distinct from the
1864:
1853:
1808:Semi-public nudity
1706:Naturism in France
1681:continental Europe
1577:
1512:The New York Times
1499:
1459:
1401:
1323:. There have been
1264:is based upon the
1074:On the islands of
1069:racial inferiority
1014:Acharya Vidyasagar
994:print of Japanese
742:woman in southern
525:, 530â500 BCE
281:body modifications
245:human evolutionary
241:
85:Indigenous peoples
54:
11919:
11918:
11516:Indecent exposure
11464:Feminist stripper
11254:. 29 October 2014
10766:Athletic Business
10482:Newspaper Archive
10006:"The Naked Truth"
9779:Wolf, JH (2008).
9488:on 31 March 2007.
8918:(6363): 652â655.
8471:10.1080/714001799
7869:(12): 1186â1201.
7028:978-0-253-21783-7
6952:978-1-921536-01-4
6933:978-1-60918-182-6
6893:978-1-315-23900-2
6874:978-1-4000-4184-8
6853:978-3-85498-289-0
6828:978-1-775-58923-5
6778:978-1-78238-368-0
6759:978-1-58005-740-0
6740:978-1-349-48394-5
6696:978-0-674-04225-4
6677:978-0-19-539548-8
6656:978-0-8156-2811-8
6551:978-1-118-61380-1
6530:978-0-253-21783-7
6509:978-0-631-23312-1
6426:978-0-500-28048-5
6348:978-1-108-61191-6
6293:978-1-108-47008-7
6174:978-0-7391-4582-1
6153:978-1-4780-0757-9
6111:978-1-350-12100-3
6092:978-0-226-92380-2
6071:978-0-226-92483-0
6052:978-3-11-163152-3
6031:978-0-8248-1615-5
5978:978-1-86189-729-9
5957:978-1-4985-0047-0
5936:978-0-567-67848-5
5909:978-0-8122-3521-0
5810:978-1-60918-182-6
5770:978-967-0526-00-3
5327:Pew Research 2016
5233:, pp. 35â36.
5209:, pp. 67â68.
5197:, pp. 65â66.
5185:, pp. 35â47.
4745:Anderson-Fye 2011
4627:, pp. 35â36.
4444:, pp. 19â26.
4190:New York Sun 1891
4144:, pp. 51â54.
3733:, pp. 77â83.
3622:, pp. 85â87.
3482:Van Schendel 2002
3127:, pp. 406â7.
3031:, pp. 29â32.
3029:Toups et al. 2010
2534:child pornography
2401:Nudity as protest
2360:Abu Ghraib prison
2332:Arunachal Pradesh
2286:indecent exposure
2197:Indecent exposure
1938:open and casual.
1894:. In contrast to
1845:Zhiben Hot Spring
1768:life satisfaction
1655:Sexual attraction
1624:civil inattention
1547:Child development
1405:indecent exposure
1316:Finnish Lutherans
1311:Pope John Paul II
1177:Western societies
1167:Amazon rainforest
1163:Indigenous people
1122:Two women of the
1034:women working in
1016:, a contemporary
925:). Public baths (
785:, Ethiopia â 2016
540:, 2nd century BCE
493:The Burney Relief
421:History of nudity
415:History of nudity
344:necropolis, Egypt
195:in the altogether
130:indecent exposure
98:segregated by sex
11954:
11909:
11899:
11898:
11870:Nudity in combat
11827:Nude photography
11559:Freikörperkultur
11330:Childhood nudity
11292:
11285:
11278:
11269:
11268:
11263:
11261:
11259:
11249:
11240:
11238:
11236:
11220:
11218:
11216:
11204:
11198:
11196:
11181:
11179:
11177:
11162:
11149:
11147:
11145:
11130:
11128:
11126:
11110:
11108:
11106:
11091:
11086:
11084:
11068:
11066:
11064:
11049:
11047:
11045:
11030:
11028:
11026:
11010:
11008:
11006:
10990:
10988:
10986:
10980:
10971:
10965:
10956:
10954:
10952:
10937:
10935:
10933:
10917:
10915:
10913:
10897:
10895:
10893:
10883:
10874:
10872:
10870:
10854:
10841:
10839:
10837:
10821:
10819:
10817:
10801:
10799:
10797:
10781:
10779:
10777:
10756:
10754:
10752:
10731:
10729:
10727:
10706:
10704:
10702:
10686:
10684:
10682:
10666:
10664:
10662:
10656:Goethe Institute
10646:
10644:
10642:
10636:Lonelyplanet.com
10626:
10611:
10609:
10607:
10602:on 30 April 2007
10598:. Archived from
10586:
10584:
10582:
10567:
10565:
10563:
10547:
10534:
10532:
10530:
10514:
10512:
10510:
10485:
10479:
10477:
10467:
10459:
10457:
10455:
10445:
10437:
10435:
10433:
10423:
10415:
10413:
10411:
10387:
10385:
10383:
10359:
10342:
10339:Psychology Today
10329:
10316:
10314:
10312:
10296:
10283:
10270:
10253:
10251:
10249:
10233:
10220:
10218:
10216:
10200:
10187:
10185:
10183:
10167:
10165:
10163:
10154:. Archived from
10142:
10140:
10138:
10119:
10117:
10115:
10091:
10089:
10087:
10071:
10062:
10060:
10058:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10013:
10000:
9998:
9996:
9980:
9978:
9976:
9962:
9953:
9951:
9949:
9935:
9926:
9913:
9911:
9909:
9893:
9880:
9870:
9861:
9851:
9842:
9820:
9810:
9800:
9775:
9758:
9741:(6): 1151â1221.
9725:
9696:
9694:
9692:
9640:
9638:
9636:
9592:
9574:
9549:
9528:
9518:
9489:
9468:
9442:
9432:
9403:
9393:
9352:
9321:The Drama Review
9315:
9313:
9311:
9267:
9257:
9224:
9195:
9158:
9121:
9092:
9089:10.1002/aps.1340
9067:
9046:
9017:
8980:
8978:
8953:
8935:
8902:
8895:Material Culture
8889:
8887:
8885:
8833:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8728:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8671:
8669:
8667:
8623:
8590:
8561:
8540:
8519:
8482:
8449:
8447:
8445:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8399:
8384:Sport in Society
8374:
8357:
8347:
8337:
8312:
8302:
8269:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8210:EIRP Proceedings
8200:
8175:(7â8): 440â452.
8163:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8094:
8092:
8090:
8046:
8044:
8042:
7998:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7923:Duke Law Journal
7913:
7896:
7886:
7853:
7836:
7834:
7832:
7817:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7724:
7722:
7720:
7684:
7663:
7661:
7659:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7610:
7608:
7606:
7562:
7536:
7526:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7337:
7327:
7302:
7273:
7244:
7215:
7178:
7172:
7162:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7038:Journal articles
7032:
7011:
6994:
6973:
6956:
6937:
6918:
6897:
6878:
6857:
6832:
6804:
6782:
6763:
6744:
6721:
6700:
6681:
6660:
6641:
6625:
6604:
6583:
6564:
6555:
6534:
6513:
6492:
6480:
6469:
6450:
6438:
6409:
6390:
6363:
6352:
6333:
6324:
6305:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6249:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6215:
6205:
6178:
6157:
6136:
6115:
6096:
6075:
6056:
6035:
6016:
6013:Internet Archive
6000:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5961:
5940:
5921:
5900:Reading the Body
5890:
5863:
5842:
5833:
5814:
5795:
5774:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5714:al-Qaradawi 2013
5711:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5630:al-Qaradawi 2013
5627:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5305:, pp. 4â10.
5300:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4853:al-Qaradawi 2013
4850:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3980:Livingstone 2013
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3821:
3815:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3548:
3545:Japan Guide 2019
3542:
3536:
3530:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3422:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3125:AltenmĂŒller 1998
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2842:
2833:An exception is
2831:
2825:
2822:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2782:
2741:Nudity in combat
2711:
2710:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2665:
2649:
2639:
2636:
2623:
2607:
2587:
2571:
2352:Schindler's List
2167:Leni Riefenstahl
2134:
2131:Freikörperkultur
1908:Psychology Today
1710:The concepts of
1553:Childhood nudity
1504:bathing machines
1425:equal protection
1413:right to privacy
1409:equal protection
1119:
1100:
1063:shut over their
1028:
1010:
987:
778:
759:
735:
715:
699:
643:naturist resorts
631:personal freedom
534:
515:
505:
502:
489:
395:
375:
365:
362:
353:
339:
336:
326:
254:eccrine sweating
52:in a river, 2014
11962:
11961:
11957:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11952:
11951:
11942:Social sciences
11937:Human evolution
11922:
11921:
11920:
11915:
11889:
11843:
11756:
11703:
11648:
11599:Nude recreation
11593:
11549:Naturist resort
11535:
11485:
11420:
11335:Sex segregation
11301:
11296:
11266:
11257:
11255:
11247:
11234:
11232:
11231:. 19 April 2019
11214:
11212:
11194:
11192:
11175:
11173:
11143:
11141:
11124:
11122:
11104:
11102:
11082:
11080:
11062:
11060:
11043:
11041:
11024:
11022:
11021:. 30 April 2004
11004:
11002:
10984:
10982:
10978:
10963:
10950:
10948:
10931:
10929:
10911:
10909:
10891:
10889:
10881:
10868:
10866:
10835:
10833:
10815:
10813:
10811:This is Finland
10795:
10793:
10775:
10773:
10750:
10748:
10725:
10723:
10700:
10698:
10680:
10678:
10660:
10658:
10640:
10638:
10605:
10603:
10580:
10578:
10561:
10559:
10557:The Japan Times
10528:
10526:
10508:
10506:
10493:
10488:
10475:
10473:
10453:
10451:
10431:
10429:
10409:
10407:
10381:
10379:
10310:
10308:
10247:
10245:
10214:
10212:
10181:
10179:
10161:
10159:
10136:
10134:
10113:
10111:
10085:
10083:
10056:
10054:
10035:
10033:
10023:Washington Post
9994:
9992:
9974:
9972:
9947:
9945:
9907:
9905:
9886:"Baring It All"
9828:
9823:
9747:10.2307/4135723
9690:
9688:
9634:
9632:
9440:
9309:
9307:
9035:10.2307/2580408
8883:
8881:
8810:
8808:
8754:
8752:
8705:
8703:
8665:
8663:
8443:
8441:
8418:
8416:
8218:
8216:
8136:
8134:
8088:
8086:
8040:
8038:
7963:
7961:
7935:10.2307/1372748
7830:
7828:
7774:
7772:
7718:
7716:
7657:
7655:
7629:
7627:
7604:
7602:
7534:
7499:
7497:
7443:
7441:
7387:
7385:
7170:
7139:
7137:
7119:10.2307/2095850
7091:
7089:
7040:
7035:
7029:
6991:
6953:
6934:
6915:
6894:
6875:
6854:
6829:
6801:
6779:
6760:
6752:. Basic Books.
6741:
6718:
6697:
6678:
6657:
6622:
6601:
6580:
6552:
6531:
6510:
6489:
6466:
6427:
6406:
6379:
6349:
6321:
6294:
6264:
6262:
6246:
6222:
6220:
6213:
6202:
6175:
6154:
6133:
6112:
6093:
6072:
6053:
6032:
6009:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5958:
5937:
5910:
5887:
5860:
5830:
5811:
5792:
5771:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5736:
5732:
5724:
5720:
5712:
5708:
5700:
5696:
5688:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5664:
5660:
5652:
5648:
5640:
5636:
5628:
5624:
5616:
5612:
5608:, pp. 8â9.
5604:
5600:
5592:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5568:
5564:
5556:
5552:
5544:
5540:
5532:
5528:
5520:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5496:
5492:
5484:
5480:
5472:
5468:
5460:
5456:
5448:
5444:
5438:LawInsider 2019
5436:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5412:
5408:
5400:
5393:
5385:
5381:
5373:
5369:
5361:
5357:
5349:
5345:
5337:
5333:
5325:
5321:
5313:
5309:
5301:
5297:
5289:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5265:
5261:
5253:
5249:
5241:
5237:
5229:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5205:
5201:
5193:
5189:
5181:
5177:
5169:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5145:
5141:
5133:
5129:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5105:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5081:
5073:
5069:
5061:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5037:
5033:
5025:
5021:
5013:
5009:
5001:
4997:
4989:
4985:
4977:
4973:
4965:
4961:
4953:
4949:
4941:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4917:
4913:
4905:
4898:
4890:
4886:
4878:
4871:
4867:, Introduction.
4863:
4859:
4851:
4847:
4839:
4835:
4827:
4823:
4815:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4779:
4775:
4767:
4763:
4755:
4751:
4743:
4739:
4731:
4727:
4719:
4715:
4707:
4703:
4695:
4691:
4683:
4679:
4671:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4647:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4575:
4571:
4563:
4559:
4551:
4547:
4539:
4535:
4527:
4523:
4515:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4460:
4452:
4448:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4404:
4400:
4392:
4388:
4382:Gender Gap 2020
4380:
4376:
4368:
4361:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4334:
4326:
4322:
4314:
4310:
4302:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4266:
4262:
4254:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4230:
4223:
4215:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4164:
4160:
4152:
4148:
4140:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4116:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4068:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4022:
4014:
4010:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3839:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3586:, Introduction.
3582:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3470:Hartsuiker 2014
3468:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3410:
3402:
3395:
3391:, Introduction.
3387:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3283:, pp. 3â4.
3279:
3275:
3271:, Introduction.
3269:Masquelier 2005
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3173:Mouratidis 1985
3171:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3041:Schlebusch 2017
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2887:, Introduction.
2883:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2832:
2828:
2816:
2812:
2800:
2796:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2746:Nude recreation
2717:
2713:Human sexuality
2705:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2666:
2657:
2650:
2641:
2637:
2624:
2615:
2608:
2599:
2590:Sculpture from
2588:
2579:
2572:
2561:
2560:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2425:in London, 2012
2415:
2409:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2340:
2320:
2303:
2203:
2195:Main articles:
2193:
2141:Weimar Republic
2106:
2100:Naturist resort
2092:
2086:
1980:
1974:Nude recreation
1970:
1952:
1930:
1928:Communal shower
1924:
1918:
1837:
1823:
1810:
1772:body mass index
1757:
1724:
1708:
1698:
1677:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1599:
1565:
1559:Child sexuality
1555:
1549:
1540:
1538:Gender equality
1485:
1479:
1447:
1441:
1433:First Amendment
1393:
1387:
1381:
1376:
1367:
1353:
1333:
1295:
1250:
1244:
1196:
1194:Moral ambiguity
1179:
1142:âan Indigenous
1138:In Brazil, the
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1120:
1111:
1101:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
988:
977:
976:
959:
943:
892:Tokugawa period
888:
856:
854:Nudity in India
850:
823:
811:
791:
790:
789:
786:
779:
770:
760:
751:
736:
727:
716:
707:
700:
689:
688:
651:
635:human sexuality
627:
602:Andaman Islands
593:hunter-gatherer
585:
579:
546:
545:
544:
541:
535:
526:
516:
507:
504: 1800 BCE
503:
490:
479:
478:
454:
440:
432:Judeo-Christian
423:
417:
412:
411:
410:
407:
396:
387:
376:
367:
364: 1400 BCE
363:
354:
345:
337:
327:
316:
315:
225:
219:
152:
138:
41:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11960:
11950:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11917:
11916:
11894:
11891:
11890:
11888:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11851:
11849:
11845:
11844:
11842:
11841:
11840:
11839:
11834:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11802:Nudity in film
11799:
11794:
11793:
11792:
11787:
11782:
11777:
11766:
11764:
11758:
11757:
11755:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11742:Heinrich Pudor
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11713:
11711:
11705:
11704:
11702:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11690:
11689:
11684:
11674:
11669:
11664:
11658:
11656:
11650:
11649:
11647:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11620:
11619:
11609:
11603:
11601:
11595:
11594:
11592:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11545:
11543:
11537:
11536:
11534:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11512:
11511:
11506:
11495:
11493:
11487:
11486:
11484:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11467:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11436:
11430:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11402:
11401:
11396:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11375:
11374:
11364:
11362:Public bathing
11359:
11354:
11353:
11352:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11326:
11325:
11320:
11309:
11307:
11303:
11302:
11295:
11294:
11287:
11280:
11272:
11265:
11264:
11241:
11221:
11205:
11182:
11163:
11150:
11131:
11121:. 5 April 2016
11111:
11092:
11069:
11050:
11031:
11011:
10991:
10972:
10957:
10938:
10918:
10906:Spiegel Online
10898:
10875:
10855:
10842:
10822:
10802:
10782:
10757:
10732:
10707:
10687:
10667:
10647:
10627:
10612:
10587:
10568:
10548:
10535:
10515:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10486:
10470:New York Times
10460:
10438:
10416:
10388:
10360:
10343:
10330:
10317:
10297:
10284:
10271:
10254:
10234:
10221:
10201:
10188:
10168:
10143:
10120:
10092:
10072:
10063:
10042:
10014:
10001:
9981:
9954:
9927:
9914:
9894:
9890:Dance Magazine
9881:
9862:
9843:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9821:
9776:
9759:
9726:
9697:
9656:(8): 958â966.
9641:
9608:(2): 162â172.
9593:
9565:(3): 677â697.
9550:
9529:
9490:
9469:
9433:
9404:
9353:
9316:
9283:(1): 145â175.
9268:
9240:(4): 264â272.
9234:Genes to Cells
9225:
9207:(2): 197â211.
9196:
9159:
9133:(3): 223â241.
9122:
9104:(2): 439â446.
9093:
9068:
9047:
9018:
8992:(2): 183â186.
8981:
8969:(2): 123â145.
8954:
8903:
8890:
8849:(6): 493â504.
8834:
8817:
8776:(3): 432â461.
8761:
8744:(1): 437â452.
8729:
8712:
8687:(3): 213â232.
8672:
8639:(2): 600â626.
8624:
8591:
8562:
8541:
8531:(4): 365â404.
8520:
8500:10.1086/283663
8494:(5): 727â729.
8483:
8450:
8425:
8390:(6): 721â734.
8375:
8358:
8313:
8270:
8225:
8201:
8164:
8154:(4): 475â486.
8148:Fashion Theory
8143:
8110:(2): 133â142.
8095:
8047:
8014:(1): 349â377.
7999:
7970:
7929:(1): 113â147.
7914:
7897:
7854:
7837:
7818:
7792:(4): 603â632.
7781:
7740:(6): 583â594.
7725:
7700:(4): 355â370.
7685:
7675:(2): 183â200.
7664:
7636:
7626:(2/3): 197â217
7611:
7563:
7545:(2): 326â357.
7527:
7506:
7465:(4): 706â728.
7450:
7415:10.2307/505328
7409:(4): 543â570.
7394:
7353:(3): 196â212.
7338:
7318:(2): 199â219.
7303:
7274:
7250:Fashion Theory
7245:
7227:(3): 303â317.
7216:
7179:
7163:
7146:
7098:
7057:(3): 431â452.
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7027:
7012:
6995:
6989:
6974:
6957:
6951:
6938:
6932:
6919:
6913:
6898:
6892:
6879:
6873:
6858:
6852:
6833:
6827:
6805:
6799:
6783:
6777:
6764:
6758:
6745:
6739:
6722:
6716:
6701:
6695:
6687:Sex and Reason
6682:
6676:
6661:
6655:
6642:
6636:. Wellington:
6626:
6620:
6605:
6599:
6584:
6578:
6565:
6556:
6550:
6535:
6529:
6514:
6508:
6493:
6487:
6470:
6464:
6451:
6439:
6425:
6410:
6405:978-1620554029
6404:
6391:
6377:
6369:Beyond Culture
6364:
6353:
6347:
6334:
6325:
6319:
6306:
6292:
6271:
6250:
6244:
6229:
6206:
6200:
6179:
6173:
6158:
6152:
6137:
6131:
6116:
6110:
6097:
6091:
6076:
6070:
6057:
6051:
6036:
6030:
6017:
6007:
5990:
5977:
5962:
5956:
5941:
5935:
5922:
5918:j.ctv512z16.20
5908:
5891:
5885:
5864:
5858:
5843:
5834:
5828:
5815:
5809:
5796:
5790:
5775:
5769:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5730:
5718:
5706:
5694:
5682:
5670:
5658:
5646:
5634:
5622:
5610:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5570:Hollander 1978
5562:
5550:
5538:
5526:
5514:
5502:
5490:
5478:
5466:
5454:
5442:
5430:
5418:
5406:
5391:
5379:
5367:
5355:
5343:
5331:
5319:
5307:
5295:
5283:
5271:
5259:
5247:
5235:
5223:
5211:
5199:
5187:
5175:
5163:
5151:
5139:
5127:
5115:
5103:
5091:
5079:
5067:
5055:
5043:
5031:
5019:
5015:Steinhart 2004
5007:
5003:Steinbach 2017
4995:
4983:
4971:
4959:
4947:
4935:
4923:
4911:
4909:, p. 156.
4896:
4884:
4869:
4857:
4845:
4833:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4785:
4773:
4761:
4749:
4737:
4733:Tiggemann 2011
4725:
4721:Weintraub 2018
4713:
4701:
4689:
4687:, p. 268.
4677:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4629:
4617:
4605:
4593:
4581:
4569:
4557:
4545:
4533:
4521:
4509:
4497:
4485:
4473:
4469:Sinkkonen 2013
4458:
4446:
4434:
4422:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4359:
4347:
4332:
4328:Andreatta 2017
4320:
4308:
4296:
4284:
4272:
4260:
4248:
4236:
4221:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4170:
4158:
4156:, p. 233.
4146:
4134:
4122:
4110:
4098:
4086:
4074:
4059:
4047:
4035:
4020:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3960:
3948:
3944:De Clercq 2011
3936:
3924:
3912:
3908:Wijngaards n.d
3900:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3837:
3822:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3646:, p. 526.
3636:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3549:
3537:
3522:
3510:
3498:
3486:
3474:
3462:
3450:
3438:
3423:
3408:
3393:
3381:
3369:
3357:
3345:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3067:, p. 148.
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2981:Hollander 1978
2973:
2969:Jablonski 2012
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2899:, p. 168.
2889:
2877:
2865:
2861:Carr-Gomm 2010
2852:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2826:
2810:
2794:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2715:
2703:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2670:Pioneer plaque
2667:
2660:
2658:
2652:Medal for the
2651:
2644:
2642:
2627:Tableau Vivant
2625:
2618:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2596:Madhya Pradesh
2589:
2582:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2457:Nudity in film
2441:Main article:
2438:
2435:
2405:Main article:
2402:
2399:
2390:Main article:
2387:
2384:
2339:
2336:
2319:
2316:
2302:
2301:Imposed nudity
2299:
2259:
2258:
2240:
2234:
2227:French Quarter
2192:
2189:
2119:lake beach in
2088:Main article:
2085:
2082:
2054:festival) and
2017:could note in
2015:Diana Vreeland
1986:Nude woman at
1969:
1966:
1951:
1948:
1920:Main article:
1917:
1914:
1822:
1819:
1809:
1806:
1786:moral emotions
1784:is one of the
1756:
1753:
1723:
1722:Private nudity
1720:
1716:Edward T. Hall
1697:
1694:
1676:
1673:
1647:Main article:
1644:
1641:
1603:private-public
1598:
1595:
1551:Main article:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1478:
1475:
1457:, Brazil, 2017
1455:Rio de Janeiro
1440:
1437:
1383:Main article:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1352:
1349:
1332:
1329:
1294:
1291:
1246:Main article:
1243:
1240:
1216:egalitarianism
1195:
1192:
1178:
1175:
1133:
1132:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1005:
1003:
989:
982:
979:
978:
975:Nudity in Asia
974:
973:
972:
958:
955:
942:
939:
899:(similar to a
887:
884:
852:Main article:
849:
846:
822:
819:
810:
807:
788:
787:
780:
773:
771:
761:
754:
752:
737:
730:
728:
717:
710:
708:
701:
694:
691:
690:
682:
681:
680:
676:Lagos, Nigeria
672:stick-fighting
650:
647:
626:
623:
581:Main article:
578:
575:
543:
542:
536:
529:
527:
517:
510:
508:
491:
484:
481:
480:
476:
475:
474:
439:
436:
419:Main article:
416:
413:
409:
408:
406:, 440â430 BCE.
397:
390:
388:
377:
370:
368:
355:
348:
346:
328:
321:
318:
317:
313:
312:
311:
221:Main article:
218:
215:
137:
134:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11959:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11929:
11927:
11914:
11913:
11908:
11904:
11903:
11892:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11875:Nudity clause
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11860:Nude calendar
11858:
11856:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11846:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11829:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11797:Body painting
11795:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11772:
11771:
11768:
11767:
11765:
11763:
11759:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11722:Lee Baxandall
11720:
11718:
11715:
11714:
11712:
11710:
11706:
11700:
11699:South America
11697:
11695:
11692:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11682:San Francisco
11680:
11679:
11678:
11677:North America
11675:
11673:
11670:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11655:
11651:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11618:
11615:
11614:
11613:
11612:Nude swimming
11610:
11608:
11605:
11604:
11602:
11600:
11596:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11542:
11538:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11510:
11509:Pornification
11507:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11500:
11499:Sexualization
11497:
11496:
11494:
11492:
11488:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11441:
11440:
11439:Exhibitionism
11437:
11435:
11434:Intimate part
11432:
11431:
11429:
11427:
11423:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11400:
11399:United States
11397:
11395:
11392:
11391:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11373:
11372:Finnish sauna
11370:
11369:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11351:
11348:
11347:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11315:
11314:
11311:
11310:
11308:
11304:
11300:
11293:
11288:
11286:
11281:
11279:
11274:
11273:
11270:
11253:
11246:
11242:
11230:
11226:
11222:
11210:
11206:
11203:
11191:
11187:
11183:
11172:
11168:
11164:
11160:
11156:
11151:
11140:
11136:
11132:
11120:
11116:
11112:
11101:
11097:
11093:
11090:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11059:
11055:
11051:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11020:
11016:
11012:
11000:
10996:
10992:
10977:
10973:
10969:
10962:
10958:
10947:
10943:
10939:
10928:. 26 May 2015
10927:
10923:
10919:
10908:. 10 May 2006
10907:
10903:
10899:
10887:
10880:
10876:
10865:
10861:
10856:
10852:
10848:
10843:
10832:
10828:
10823:
10812:
10808:
10803:
10792:
10788:
10783:
10771:
10767:
10763:
10758:
10746:
10742:
10738:
10733:
10721:
10717:
10716:Vanguard News
10713:
10708:
10697:
10693:
10688:
10677:
10673:
10668:
10657:
10653:
10648:
10637:
10633:
10628:
10624:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10601:
10597:
10593:
10588:
10577:
10574:
10569:
10558:
10554:
10549:
10545:
10541:
10536:
10525:
10521:
10516:
10505:
10504:Medical Press
10501:
10496:
10495:
10483:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10406:
10402:
10398:
10394:
10389:
10378:
10374:
10370:
10366:
10361:
10357:
10353:
10349:
10344:
10340:
10336:
10331:
10327:
10323:
10318:
10307:
10303:
10298:
10294:
10290:
10285:
10281:
10277:
10272:
10268:
10264:
10260:
10255:
10244:
10240:
10235:
10231:
10227:
10222:
10211:
10207:
10202:
10198:
10194:
10189:
10178:
10174:
10169:
10157:
10153:
10149:
10144:
10132:
10128:
10127:
10121:
10110:
10106:
10102:
10098:
10093:
10082:
10078:
10073:
10069:
10064:
10052:
10048:
10043:
10032:
10028:
10024:
10020:
10015:
10011:
10007:
10002:
9991:
9987:
9982:
9970:
9966:
9961:
9955:
9943:
9939:
9934:
9928:
9924:
9923:The Oregonian
9920:
9915:
9904:
9900:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9882:
9878:
9874:
9873:The Telegraph
9869:
9863:
9859:
9855:
9850:
9844:
9840:
9836:
9831:
9830:
9818:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9790:
9786:
9782:
9777:
9773:
9769:
9765:
9760:
9756:
9752:
9748:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9727:
9723:
9719:
9715:
9711:
9708:(14): 23â28.
9707:
9703:
9698:
9687:
9683:
9679:
9675:
9671:
9667:
9663:
9659:
9655:
9651:
9647:
9642:
9631:
9627:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9594:
9590:
9586:
9582:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9564:
9560:
9556:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9535:
9530:
9526:
9522:
9517:
9516:2027.42/72979
9512:
9508:
9504:
9500:
9496:
9491:
9487:
9483:
9479:
9475:
9470:
9466:
9462:
9458:
9454:
9450:
9446:
9439:
9434:
9430:
9426:
9422:
9418:
9415:(2): 232â51.
9414:
9410:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9383:
9379:
9375:
9371:
9367:
9363:
9359:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9338:
9334:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9317:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9269:
9265:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9247:
9243:
9239:
9235:
9231:
9226:
9222:
9218:
9214:
9210:
9206:
9202:
9197:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9136:
9132:
9128:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9069:
9065:
9061:
9057:
9053:
9052:Off Our Backs
9048:
9044:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9029:(2): 423â58.
9028:
9024:
9023:Social Forces
9019:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8904:
8900:
8896:
8891:
8880:
8876:
8872:
8868:
8864:
8860:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8823:
8818:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8779:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8762:
8751:
8747:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8730:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8713:
8702:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8673:
8662:
8658:
8654:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8592:
8588:
8584:
8580:
8576:
8573:(1): 93â108.
8572:
8568:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8551:
8547:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8521:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8489:
8484:
8480:
8476:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8451:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8426:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8381:
8376:
8372:
8368:
8364:
8359:
8355:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8236:(1): 57â106.
8235:
8231:
8226:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8202:
8198:
8194:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8174:
8170:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8144:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8096:
8085:
8081:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8048:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7971:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7915:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7855:
7852:(6): 229â306.
7851:
7847:
7843:
7838:
7826:
7825:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7782:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7726:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7665:
7654:
7650:
7647:(6118): 4â6.
7646:
7642:
7637:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7612:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7533:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7507:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7451:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7395:
7384:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7285:(3): 148â59.
7284:
7280:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7180:
7176:
7169:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7147:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7113:(4): 569â84.
7112:
7108:
7104:
7099:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7043:
7042:
7030:
7024:
7020:
7019:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6996:
6992:
6990:9780520918276
6986:
6982:
6981:
6975:
6971:
6967:
6963:
6958:
6954:
6948:
6944:
6939:
6935:
6929:
6925:
6920:
6916:
6914:9781139492898
6910:
6906:
6905:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6886:. Routledge.
6885:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6859:
6855:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6834:
6830:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6809:Salmond, Anne
6806:
6802:
6800:0-670-85077-2
6796:
6792:
6788:
6787:Salmond, Anne
6784:
6780:
6774:
6770:
6765:
6761:
6755:
6751:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6723:
6719:
6717:9780226675640
6713:
6709:
6708:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6688:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6662:
6658:
6652:
6648:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6617:
6613:
6612:
6606:
6602:
6600:90-411-1134-4
6596:
6592:
6591:
6585:
6581:
6579:9780199659623
6575:
6571:
6566:
6562:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6543:
6542:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6522:
6521:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6501:
6500:
6499:Social Change
6494:
6490:
6488:9780520954816
6484:
6479:
6478:
6471:
6467:
6465:0-14-011084-4
6461:
6457:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6422:
6418:
6417:
6411:
6407:
6401:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6370:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6340:
6335:
6331:
6326:
6322:
6320:9786612788604
6316:
6312:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6272:
6260:
6256:
6251:
6247:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6230:
6219:
6212:
6207:
6203:
6201:9780203398272
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6138:
6134:
6132:9780199793532
6128:
6124:
6123:
6117:
6113:
6107:
6103:
6098:
6094:
6088:
6084:
6083:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6063:
6058:
6054:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6023:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6008:0-691-01788-3
6004:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5980:
5974:
5970:
5969:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5892:
5888:
5886:9781786842992
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5844:
5840:
5835:
5831:
5829:0-674-39975-7
5825:
5821:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5802:
5797:
5793:
5791:9783895089138
5787:
5783:
5782:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5722:
5715:
5710:
5703:
5698:
5691:
5686:
5679:
5678:Higonnet 1998
5674:
5667:
5662:
5655:
5650:
5643:
5638:
5631:
5626:
5619:
5614:
5607:
5602:
5595:
5590:
5583:
5578:
5571:
5566:
5559:
5554:
5547:
5542:
5535:
5530:
5523:
5518:
5511:
5506:
5499:
5494:
5487:
5482:
5476:, p. 85.
5475:
5470:
5463:
5458:
5451:
5446:
5439:
5434:
5427:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5403:
5398:
5396:
5388:
5383:
5376:
5371:
5364:
5359:
5352:
5347:
5340:
5339:Stöppler 2021
5335:
5328:
5323:
5316:
5311:
5304:
5299:
5292:
5287:
5280:
5275:
5268:
5263:
5256:
5251:
5244:
5239:
5232:
5227:
5220:
5215:
5208:
5203:
5196:
5191:
5184:
5183:HĂ€berlen 2018
5179:
5172:
5167:
5160:
5159:Reynolds 2012
5155:
5148:
5143:
5136:
5131:
5124:
5119:
5112:
5107:
5100:
5095:
5088:
5083:
5076:
5071:
5064:
5059:
5052:
5051:Vreeland 1970
5047:
5040:
5035:
5028:
5023:
5016:
5011:
5004:
4999:
4992:
4987:
4980:
4975:
4968:
4963:
4956:
4951:
4944:
4939:
4932:
4927:
4920:
4915:
4908:
4903:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4881:
4876:
4874:
4866:
4865:Gancheva 2019
4861:
4854:
4849:
4842:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4818:
4813:
4807:, p. 11.
4806:
4805:Thomason 2018
4801:
4794:
4789:
4783:, p. 26.
4782:
4777:
4770:
4769:Thomason 2018
4765:
4758:
4753:
4746:
4741:
4734:
4729:
4722:
4717:
4710:
4705:
4698:
4697:ABC News 2004
4693:
4686:
4681:
4674:
4669:
4662:
4657:
4650:
4645:
4638:
4633:
4626:
4621:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4585:
4578:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4501:
4494:
4489:
4483:, p. 90.
4482:
4477:
4470:
4465:
4463:
4455:
4450:
4443:
4438:
4431:
4426:
4419:
4414:
4407:
4402:
4395:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4356:
4351:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4329:
4324:
4317:
4312:
4305:
4300:
4293:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4256:Senelick 2014
4252:
4245:
4244:Smithers 1999
4240:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4203:
4198:
4191:
4186:
4179:
4174:
4167:
4162:
4155:
4150:
4143:
4138:
4132:, p. 11.
4131:
4126:
4119:
4114:
4107:
4102:
4095:
4090:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4056:
4055:Williams 2019
4051:
4044:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4017:
4016:Mughniyya n.d
4012:
4005:
4000:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3976:
3969:
3964:
3957:
3952:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3921:
3916:
3909:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3884:Velleman 2001
3880:
3874:, Conclusion.
3873:
3872:Thomason 2018
3868:
3861:
3860:GĂłrnicka 2016
3856:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3681:
3676:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3652:
3645:
3640:
3633:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3534:
3533:Hadfield 2016
3529:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3466:
3459:
3454:
3447:
3442:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3413:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3378:
3373:
3366:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3318:
3313:
3307:, p. 66.
3306:
3301:
3295:, p. 16.
3294:
3293:Gilligan 2018
3289:
3282:
3281:Gilligan 2018
3277:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3210:
3209:Bonfante 1989
3205:
3199:, p. 82.
3198:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2983:, p. 83.
2982:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2922:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2821:
2814:
2805:
2804:OsteuropÀer".
2798:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2502:Kenneth Clark
2498:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:socialization
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2312:
2307:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:Stephen Gough
2264:
2256:
2252:
2251:Primal Scream
2248:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:San Francisco
2066:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1968:Public nudity
1965:
1962:
1957:
1956:nude artworks
1947:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:Changing room
1913:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1831:Finnish sauna
1828:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1794:embarrassment
1790:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1679:Societies in
1672:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1608:
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1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:breastfeeding
1463:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1439:Breastfeeding
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1374:Female nudity
1371:
1366:
1362:
1361:Sexualization
1358:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:Western world
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1082:South America
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1004:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
981:
980:
971:
968:
964:
954:
952:
948:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
898:
893:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:Akka Mahadevi
861:
855:
845:
843:
839:
838:
833:
832:human dignity
829:
818:
816:
806:
804:
800:
796:
784:
777:
772:
768:
764:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
734:
729:
725:
721:
714:
709:
706:by outsiders.
705:
698:
693:
692:
686:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
622:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
589:
584:
574:
572:
568:
564:
563:homoeroticism
560:
556:
552:
539:
533:
528:
524:
521:, one of the
520:
514:
509:
498:
494:
488:
483:
482:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
452:Heroic nudity
449:
445:
435:
433:
428:
422:
405:
401:
394:
389:
385:
381:
374:
369:
359:
352:
347:
343:
332:
331:Fifth Dynasty
325:
320:
319:
310:
308:
307:
302:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
250:
246:
238:
234:
229:
224:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:birthday suit
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:Norman French
170:derives from
169:
165:
164:
159:
158:
151:
147:
143:
142:Exhibitionism
133:
131:
127:
123:
122:social nudity
119:
113:
110:
105:
103:
102:sexualization
99:
95:
89:
86:
82:
81:scarification
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
11910:
11900:
11732:Ilsley Boone
11727:Paul Bindrim
11717:Kurt Barthel
11639:Nude beaches
11634:Nude wedding
11564:Gay naturism
11531:Strip search
11298:
11256:. Retrieved
11251:
11233:. Retrieved
11228:
11213:. Retrieved
11200:
11193:. Retrieved
11189:
11174:. Retrieved
11170:
11142:. Retrieved
11138:
11123:. Retrieved
11118:
11103:. Retrieved
11099:
11088:
11081:. Retrieved
11076:
11061:. Retrieved
11057:
11042:. Retrieved
11038:
11023:. Retrieved
11018:
11003:. Retrieved
10998:
10985:14 September
10983:. Retrieved
10949:. Retrieved
10945:
10930:. Retrieved
10925:
10912:13 September
10910:. Retrieved
10905:
10890:. Retrieved
10885:
10867:. Retrieved
10863:
10850:
10834:. Retrieved
10830:
10814:. Retrieved
10810:
10794:. Retrieved
10790:
10774:. Retrieved
10765:
10749:. Retrieved
10740:
10724:. Retrieved
10715:
10699:. Retrieved
10695:
10679:. Retrieved
10676:Al-Islam.org
10675:
10659:. Retrieved
10655:
10639:. Retrieved
10635:
10620:
10604:. Retrieved
10600:the original
10595:
10579:. Retrieved
10575:
10560:. Retrieved
10556:
10543:
10527:. Retrieved
10523:
10507:. Retrieved
10503:
10480:– via
10474:. Retrieved
10469:
10452:. Retrieved
10447:
10430:. Retrieved
10426:New York Sun
10425:
10408:. Retrieved
10396:
10380:. Retrieved
10368:
10347:
10338:
10326:The Atlantic
10325:
10311:13 September
10309:. Retrieved
10306:The Guardian
10305:
10292:
10280:The Guardian
10279:
10258:
10248:13 September
10246:. Retrieved
10242:
10229:
10215:29 September
10213:. Retrieved
10209:
10197:The Atlantic
10196:
10182:13 September
10180:. Retrieved
10177:The Guardian
10176:
10160:. Retrieved
10156:the original
10151:
10137:14 September
10135:. Retrieved
10125:
10112:. Retrieved
10100:
10084:. Retrieved
10080:
10067:
10055:. Retrieved
10050:
10034:. Retrieved
10022:
10009:
9993:. Retrieved
9989:
9973:. Retrieved
9964:
9946:. Retrieved
9937:
9922:
9906:. Retrieved
9902:
9889:
9872:
9853:
9838:
9788:
9784:
9763:
9738:
9734:
9705:
9701:
9689:. Retrieved
9653:
9649:
9633:. Retrieved
9605:
9601:
9562:
9558:
9540:(1): 47â67.
9537:
9533:
9501:(1): 27â52.
9498:
9494:
9486:the original
9481:
9477:
9448:
9444:
9412:
9408:
9368:(1): 29â32.
9365:
9361:
9324:
9320:
9308:. Retrieved
9280:
9276:
9237:
9233:
9204:
9200:
9170:(1): 49â56.
9167:
9163:
9130:
9126:
9101:
9097:
9083:(1): 49â52.
9080:
9076:
9055:
9051:
9026:
9022:
8989:
8985:
8966:
8962:
8915:
8911:
8898:
8894:
8882:. Retrieved
8846:
8842:
8829:
8825:
8809:. Retrieved
8773:
8769:
8753:. Retrieved
8741:
8737:
8716:
8704:. Retrieved
8684:
8680:
8664:. Retrieved
8636:
8632:
8606:(1): 20â38.
8603:
8599:
8570:
8566:
8552:(5): 35â36.
8549:
8545:
8528:
8524:
8491:
8487:
8465:(4): 33â54.
8462:
8458:
8442:. Retrieved
8437:
8433:
8417:. Retrieved
8387:
8383:
8370:
8366:
8325:
8321:
8282:
8278:
8233:
8229:
8217:. Retrieved
8213:
8209:
8172:
8168:
8151:
8147:
8135:. Retrieved
8107:
8103:
8087:. Retrieved
8059:
8055:
8039:. Retrieved
8011:
8007:
7981:(2): 20â31.
7978:
7974:
7962:. Retrieved
7926:
7922:
7909:
7905:
7866:
7862:
7849:
7845:
7829:. Retrieved
7823:
7789:
7785:
7773:. Retrieved
7737:
7733:
7717:. Retrieved
7697:
7693:
7672:
7668:
7656:. Retrieved
7644:
7628:. Retrieved
7623:
7619:
7603:. Retrieved
7578:(3): 53â72.
7575:
7571:
7542:
7538:
7514:
7510:
7498:. Retrieved
7462:
7459:Human Nature
7458:
7442:. Retrieved
7406:
7402:
7386:. Retrieved
7350:
7346:
7315:
7311:
7282:
7278:
7256:(1): 63â82.
7253:
7249:
7224:
7220:
7190:(1): 15â36.
7187:
7183:
7174:
7158:
7154:
7140:30 September
7138:. Retrieved
7110:
7106:
7090:. Retrieved
7054:
7050:
7017:
6999:
6979:
6961:
6942:
6923:
6903:
6883:
6863:
6843:
6838:
6813:
6790:
6768:
6749:
6726:
6706:
6686:
6666:
6646:
6633:
6610:
6589:
6569:
6560:
6540:
6519:
6498:
6476:
6455:
6446:
6415:
6395:
6368:
6358:
6338:
6329:
6310:
6275:
6263:. Retrieved
6258:
6234:
6221:. Retrieved
6217:
6183:
6163:
6142:
6121:
6101:
6081:
6061:
6041:
6021:
6011:– via
5996:
5982:. Retrieved
5967:
5946:
5926:
5899:
5868:
5848:
5838:
5819:
5800:
5780:
5760:
5733:
5721:
5709:
5697:
5690:Kincaid 2000
5685:
5673:
5661:
5649:
5637:
5625:
5613:
5601:
5589:
5577:
5565:
5558:Diabate 2020
5553:
5541:
5534:FindLaw 2019
5529:
5517:
5505:
5493:
5481:
5469:
5457:
5445:
5433:
5421:
5409:
5402:Gutwein 2021
5382:
5370:
5363:Wickman 2012
5358:
5346:
5334:
5322:
5310:
5303:Barcan 2004a
5298:
5286:
5274:
5262:
5255:Peeters 2006
5250:
5238:
5231:Toepfer 1997
5226:
5219:Toepfer 2003
5214:
5207:Barcan 2004b
5202:
5195:Barcan 2004b
5190:
5178:
5166:
5154:
5142:
5130:
5118:
5111:Bennett 2020
5106:
5094:
5087:Möhring 2015
5082:
5070:
5058:
5046:
5034:
5022:
5010:
4998:
4986:
4979:Goldman 2007
4974:
4967:Tosches 2012
4962:
4950:
4938:
4926:
4914:
4907:Scheuch 2004
4892:Stoller 1996
4887:
4860:
4848:
4836:
4829:Bradley 2020
4824:
4812:
4800:
4788:
4776:
4764:
4752:
4740:
4728:
4716:
4704:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4656:
4644:
4637:Whitman 2004
4632:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4488:
4476:
4449:
4437:
4425:
4413:
4401:
4389:
4377:
4350:
4323:
4311:
4299:
4287:
4280:NYTimes 1909
4275:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4149:
4137:
4125:
4113:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4050:
4038:
4011:
4004:Al-Absi 2018
3999:
3992:Barcan 2004b
3987:
3975:
3963:
3956:Andrews 2000
3951:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3867:
3855:
3803:Barcan 2004a
3798:
3791:Barcan 2004a
3786:
3779:Barcan 2004a
3774:
3767:Barcan 2004a
3762:
3755:Barcan 2004a
3750:
3743:Barcan 2004a
3738:
3731:Barcan 2004a
3726:
3706:, p. 7.
3704:Barcan 2004a
3699:
3692:Rowlatt 2011
3687:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3644:Salmond 2017
3639:
3632:Salmond 1991
3627:
3615:
3603:
3596:Pollock 2019
3591:
3584:Pollock 2019
3579:
3567:
3540:
3513:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3465:
3453:
3441:
3421:, p. 5.
3384:
3372:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3288:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3187:, p. 6.
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3017:Buckner 2021
3012:
3000:
2988:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2921:Wheeler 1985
2916:
2909:Kushlan 1980
2904:
2892:
2885:Barcan 2004a
2880:
2868:
2856:
2837:, a form of
2829:
2813:
2797:
2785:
2780:
2631:Olga Desmond
2626:
2611:
2549:
2546:
2538:
2529:works of art
2523:
2519:
2515:
2499:
2460:
2428:
2395:
2392:Strip search
2386:Strip search
2357:
2350:
2341:
2321:
2275:
2269:sued at the
2260:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2191:Legal issues
2182:
2171:
2165:directed by
2160:
2137:Lebensreform
2126:
2074:park rangers
2067:
2060:
2044:
2032:
2027:, France to
2025:Saint-Tropez
2019:
2008:
1953:
1940:
1931:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1865:
1854:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1791:
1780:
1776:
1758:
1749:baby boomers
1738:
1732:
1725:
1709:
1678:
1669:
1662:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1586:
1578:
1573:East Germany
1541:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1500:
1471:Pope Francis
1460:
1421:
1402:
1368:
1334:
1307:
1296:
1293:Christianity
1287:original sin
1274:Adam and Eve
1270:
1258:Christianity
1251:
1232:
1224:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1180:
1148:Amazon Basin
1137:
1073:
1056:MÄori people
1049:
960:
944:
930:
912:
905:
889:
857:
841:
835:
824:
812:
792:
765:herders the
683:Traditional
668:Surma people
652:
639:gender roles
628:
590:
586:
567:Roman Empire
547:
492:
477:Nude deities
455:
424:
357:
304:
300:
298:
279:, and other
266:
258:early humans
242:
235:shells from
188:
183:
178:is from the
175:
167:
161:
155:
153:
114:
109:social norms
106:
90:
56:
55:
42:
29:
11654:By location
11629:Naked party
11384:Toplessness
11235:13 February
11195:13 November
11176:11 November
11139:Japan Guide
11105:17 November
11005:11 November
10946:Law Insider
10892:4 September
10836:27 December
10791:MedicineNet
10751:15 November
10581:11 November
10562:19 November
10524:Smithsonian
10476:17 November
10057:3 September
10053:(in German)
9975:27 November
9691:23 February
8137:6 September
8062:: 369â392.
7964:15 November
7630:22 December
7605:2 September
7092:27 December
6630:Mead, S. M.
5747:Works cited
5666:Posner 1992
5594:Rasmus 2011
5546:Alaimo 2010
5414:CPS-UK 2023
5171:Sisson 2010
5135:Bridge 2014
5075:Holson 2018
5063:Sterba 1974
5039:Miller 1999
4943:Miller 2016
4931:Taylor 2012
4817:Barcan 2001
4709:YouGov 2014
4613:Silver 1991
4529:Swartz 2015
4517:Rhodes 2001
4493:Feijoo 2009
4454:Weaver 2010
4430:Marder 2020
4268:Vachon 2005
4232:Wiltse 2003
4166:Linshi 2015
4118:Hurley 2020
4106:Glazer 1993
4094:Cusack 2012
4082:Jensen 2004
4070:Morton 2011
4043:Condra 1992
3968:Lerner 1972
3680:Gilman 1998
3572:Milner 2019
3518:Kawano 2005
3494:Kawano 2005
3458:Hansen 2004
3434:Dundas 2004
3365:Karega 2004
3353:Sofola 2022
3317:Cooper 2011
3305:Wiener 2005
3257:Dendle 2004
3149:Goelet 1993
3113:Batten 2010
3065:Batten 2010
3005:Nowell 2010
2897:Davies 2020
2839:belly dance
2835:Raqs sharqi
2808:Europeans".
2638: 1908
2483:commodified
2479:pornography
2467:information
2378:during the
2328:humiliation
2290:misdemeanor
2222:New Orleans
2121:East Berlin
2040:Burning Man
1990:Berlin 2004
1943:millennials
1896:Scandinavia
1888:Netherlands
1880:Switzerland
1876:Baden-Baden
1764:self-esteem
1745:millennials
1728:consumerism
1477:Male nudity
1283:fall of man
1144:Xingu tribe
1065:glans penis
1052:New Zealand
965:, communal
951:Jjimjilbang
660:Burkinabese
619:fall of man
598:uncontacted
555:early Roman
458:Mesopotamia
434:societies.
402:red-figure
358:Thebes tomb
289:Paleolithic
199:in the buff
184:stark naked
180:Anglo-Saxon
146:Gymnophobia
136:Terminology
63:is without
11926:Categories
11865:Naked News
11770:Nude (art)
11624:Naked yoga
11607:Nude beach
11569:Gymnosophy
11481:Candaulism
11454:Striptease
11411:Dress code
11389:Topfreedom
11252:YouGov.com
11144:31 October
11125:11 October
11063:9 November
11044:8 November
11025:8 November
10951:31 October
10776:26 October
10741:BBC Travel
10696:Britannica
10681:31 October
10661:13 January
10641:30 January
10529:27 October
10267:2037464739
9948:8 November
9058:(8): 6â7.
8901:(2): 1â20.
8811:20 January
8755:6 December
8725:10530/1282
8444:25 October
8419:4 December
8414:1439225036
8328:(2): 646.
8041:31 January
7912:(156): 44.
7517:: 129â48.
7087:1986368839
6621:0253111536
6378:0385124740
6245:0472088653
5859:1859738729
5702:USDOJ 2015
5654:Curry 2012
5606:Clark 1956
5452:, chpt. 6.
5375:Kelly 2023
5291:Story 1979
5279:Story 1987
5099:Iuhas 2012
4991:Sicha 2015
4955:Short 2007
4919:Sando 2014
4841:Rough 2018
4771:, chpt. 1.
4757:Uebel 2019
4661:Smith 1980
4625:Rough 2018
4601:Smith 1980
4565:Cover 2003
4553:Moles 2021
4541:Scott 2009
4481:Rough 2018
4442:Rough 2018
4406:Rough 2018
4394:Rough 2018
4178:Darcy 2020
4142:Vance 2005
3848:West 2020b
3833:West 2020a
3719:Layng 1998
3608:HÄ«roa 1950
3506:Downs 1990
3419:Clark 1994
3404:Henry 1999
3377:Nkosi 2013
3341:Parry 2017
3245:Fagan 2002
2945:Daley 2018
2933:Sutou 2012
2767:References
2726:Human skin
2721:Human body
2548:decision,
2449:Nude (art)
2447:See also:
2411:See also:
2318:Punishment
2218:Mardi Gras
2174:subculture
2154:Aryan race
2145:Adolf Koch
2113:Sunbathers
2096:Nude beach
2094:See also:
1972:See also:
1926:See also:
1892:Luxembourg
1825:See also:
1760:Body image
1700:See also:
1653:See also:
1637:sexualized
1557:See also:
1495:Ivory Soap
1481:See also:
1443:See also:
1429:sunbathing
1389:See also:
1385:Topfreedom
1379:Topfreedom
1355:See also:
1171:dress code
1140:Yawalapiti
1128:ParĂĄ State
1108:ParĂĄ State
1036:Bangladesh
996:ama divers
872:Mru people
868:Bangladesh
783:Suri tribe
559:effeminacy
497:Babylonian
442:See also:
285:Mark Leary
273:body paint
209:or female
140:See also:
94:modern era
77:body paint
11521:Obscenity
11471:Voyeurism
11449:Streaking
10932:9 October
10869:7 October
10864:USA Today
10831:Slate.com
10816:7 October
10596:Salon.com
10405:0042-8000
10377:0362-4331
10356:918464360
10162:3 October
10109:0362-4331
10031:0190-8286
9995:4 January
9791:(1): 11.
9772:305343056
9686:219331212
9670:0022-4499
9630:243517121
9622:2049-2790
9581:1573-7780
9465:106437794
9451:(2): 34.
9429:147719917
9382:0737-4038
9341:1054-2043
9310:4 October
9297:0038-0253
9184:0022-4545
9155:143646233
9147:1573-7837
9014:146143391
9006:0958-9236
8950:206663925
8863:1573-1200
8790:1043-4070
8693:0094-1700
8661:144297765
8653:1911-0235
8620:219813800
8587:147364697
8479:145116232
8406:1743-0437
8189:0360-0025
8169:Sex Roles
8124:0022-4499
8084:199841144
8076:0084-6570
8036:234178983
8028:1080-0727
7995:191394390
7943:0012-7086
7831:8 October
7814:143370129
7754:0004-0002
7714:211146473
7706:0031-7977
7681:0006-2278
7653:0307-661X
7600:143857816
7592:1357-034X
7495:238745503
7479:1936-4776
7439:192983153
7423:0002-9114
7383:140994025
7367:0039-3541
7334:1038-3441
7299:171056202
7270:194179019
7241:145127932
7221:Continuum
7212:143828901
7204:0740-770X
7127:0003-1224
7079:145107499
7071:0145-5532
6502:. Wiley.
6302:238146999
6184:The Jains
5642:Beck 2000
5522:Hoge 2004
5462:Hale 2015
5426:Shaw 2014
5315:West 2018
5267:Hile 2004
5147:Taub 2012
4880:Kast 2014
4649:Hall 1989
4505:Hall 1966
4355:Mann 1963
4304:Gage 1926
4292:Gage 1918
4217:Adiv 2015
4130:Wolf 2008
3818:West 2018
3620:Mead 1969
3560:Sood 2012
3329:Akas 2017
3221:Kyle 2014
3197:Kyle 2014
3185:Kyle 2014
3161:Mark 2017
2849:Citations
2358:In 2003,
2243:Streaking
2178:lifestyle
2117:MĂŒggelsee
2052:Dark Mofo
1961:art model
1740:USA Today
1690:intuitive
1321:heretical
1228:epidemics
1200:metaphors
1126:tribe of
1076:Yap State
990:Triptych
915:Shintoism
908:Meiji era
901:loincloth
767:Kaokoveld
565:. In the
538:Aphrodite
499:Dynasty (
427:Neolithic
384:Santorini
233:sea snail
150:Voyeurism
50:Naturists
11902:Category
11848:See also
11541:Naturism
11476:Anasyrma
11459:Stripper
11258:25 March
11096:"Nudism"
10886:ABC News
10851:NBC News
10796:29 April
10770:Archived
10745:Archived
10720:Archived
10701:11 April
10606:28 April
10491:Websites
10454:29 April
10410:27 April
10352:ProQuest
10263:ProQuest
10259:New York
10210:BBC News
10152:BBC News
10131:Archived
10086:13 April
10036:19 March
9969:Archived
9942:Archived
9877:Archived
9858:Archived
9817:18680578
9768:ProQuest
9678:32500740
9525:23761301
9400:20823373
9349:57567622
9264:22404045
9118:18926761
9064:20833713
8942:28971970
8879:23158856
8871:11939421
8798:19238766
8701:43609271
8666:19 March
8516:86463962
8410:ProQuest
8354:31963858
8309:28533464
8266:38445385
8258:10896812
8197:56030419
8080:ProQuest
7959:53358345
7893:18012021
7770:45164858
7710:ProQuest
7539:Antipode
7487:34643886
7375:41407929
7083:ProQuest
6811:(2017).
6789:(1991).
6632:(1969).
6445:(1950).
6387:20595709
6265:25 April
5984:1 August
5582:Eck 2001
5510:CNN 2004
5486:BBC 2017
5027:Bey 2011
4843:, Ch. 2.
4418:APA 2009
4343:Eng 2017
3598:, Ch. 9.
2681:See also
2491:fine art
2355:(1993).
2278:buttocks
2185:deviance
2090:Naturism
2084:Naturism
2048:Carnival
2029:Sardinia
1735:ABC News
1528:Title IX
1212:naturism
1130:, Brazil
1110:, Brazil
1061:foreskin
919:Buddhism
897:fundoshi
876:Buddhism
862:such as
860:ascetics
750:) â 2006
744:Ethiopia
724:Eswatini
610:pastoral
551:Etruscan
495:, First
466:barefoot
380:Akrotiri
207:buttocks
203:genitals
174:, while
118:the arts
65:clothing
25:Naturism
11775:History
11694:Oceania
11687:Seattle
11444:Mooning
11379:Massage
11340:Modesty
11313:History
11215:23 June
11171:FindLaw
11083:22 July
10726:29 July
10509:2 April
10382:22 June
10114:21 July
9990:Reuters
9808:2518137
9755:4135723
9710:Bibcode
9635:1 April
9589:9153791
9391:3002236
9305:4121307
9255:3510307
9221:3812591
9043:2580408
8920:Bibcode
8912:Science
8806:8777862
8508:2460629
8345:7027011
8300:5444068
8238:Bibcode
8219:4 March
8132:3812754
7951:1372748
7906:Brazzil
7884:1321491
7775:25 July
7762:2082862
7719:3 April
7547:Bibcode
7500:2 March
7444:15 July
7388:31 July
7161:(1): 8.
7135:2095850
6821:Press.
6435:705008M
2790:wetsuit
2731:Modesty
2687:Portals
2511:obscene
2364:Baghdad
2338:Torture
2282:breasts
2255:Harvard
2237:Mooning
2162:Olympia
2123:, 1989.
2062:Germany
1884:Belgium
1872:Finland
1835:Bathing
1607:private
1563:Puberty
1530:of the
1492:WWI era
1337:Hanbali
1319:deemed
1299:baptism
1254:Judaism
1159:hunters
1146:in the
1106:women,
1046:Oceania
1000:Utamaro
992:Ukiyo-e
931:konyoku
880:Animism
797:by the
571:thermae
460:to the
404:stamnos
306:Science
277:tattoos
269:jewelry
262:savanna
211:breasts
197:" and "
11932:Nudity
11912:Portal
11672:Europe
11662:Africa
11394:Canada
11299:Nudity
10432:22 May
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2493:, and
2455:, and
2326:or as
2294:felony
2149:Nazism
2102:, and
1886:, the
1849:Taiwan
1833:, and
1616:social
1611:public
1575:(1958)
1415:, and
1411:, the
1363:, and
1260:, and
1152:Quarup
1104:Kayapo
967:banyas
963:Russia
957:Russia
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148:, and
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11350:Awrah
11248:(PDF)
10979:(PDF)
10964:(PDF)
10882:(PDF)
10397:Vogue
9751:JSTOR
9682:S2CID
9626:S2CID
9585:S2CID
9521:S2CID
9461:S2CID
9441:(PDF)
9425:S2CID
9345:S2CID
9301:JSTOR
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8884:3 May
8875:S2CID
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2786:naked
2772:Notes
2413:FEMEN
2343:Nazis
2020:Vogue
1868:sauna
1827:Sauna
1782:Shame
1345:burqa
1341:niqab
1331:Islam
1303:grace
1262:Islam
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941:Korea
935:onsen
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886:Japan
848:India
828:China
821:China
803:Swazi
763:Himba
748:Turmi
740:Hamer
720:Swazi
687:dress
606:capes
400:Attic
176:naked
163:naked
61:human
11667:Asia
11260:2021
11237:2022
11217:2022
11197:2019
11178:2019
11146:2019
11127:2020
11107:2019
11085:2023
11065:2019
11046:2019
11027:2019
11007:2019
10987:2023
10953:2019
10934:2020
10914:2016
10894:2009
10871:2020
10838:2019
10818:2011
10798:2022
10778:2023
10753:2019
10728:2022
10703:2022
10683:2021
10663:2022
10643:2021
10608:2007
10583:2019
10564:2019
10544:WBEZ
10531:2019
10511:2021
10478:2015
10456:2022
10434:2022
10412:2021
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10384:2022
10373:ISSN
10313:2016
10250:2016
10217:2016
10184:2016
10164:2020
10139:2020
10116:2020
10105:ISSN
10088:2021
10081:Time
10059:2019
10038:2023
10027:ISSN
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1935:YMCA
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