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72:
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2010:
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attorney arrived, and in some cases used corrupt defense attorneys to gather evidence. The law does not adequately provide for an independent judiciary. The executive branch sharply limited judicial independence. Prosecutors enjoyed a quasi-judicial role and had the authority to suspend court decisions. Corruption was evident at every stage of the judicial process. Although judges were among the most highly paid government employees, lawyers and human rights monitors alleged that judges, prosecutors, and other officials solicited bribes in exchange for favorable rulings in the majority of criminal cases.
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3966:. Prior to that, Aisultan made several public statements on social media that Nazarbayev was his biological father and that his life was constantly threatened. He also accused his grandfather's associates of plotting and scheming. In response, Nazarbayev described Aisultan as being very similar to himself, expressing his regrets by telling that "one could not have sent him anywhere, but it was impossible to keep him. He was already a slave to this work and could not stop. We treated him in Moscow, and we treated him in London. It seems that I went out and came back to it again."
4676:
1827:
4985:
5280:
5170:
4295:
1539:. Kazakhstan at that time was seen as a backwater republic within the Soviet Union with its industry being heavily reliant upon rich raw materials, specifically in mining sectors and was forced upon to import its consumer goods from other Soviet republics. It faced problems especially in countryside with a need state farm repairs, as well as housing for farmers, lack of available preschools for rural children which Nazarbayev during his tenure raised issues in regard to these problems that was reportedly met with disagreements amongst the republic's leadership.
1496:
4375:
5373:
5065:
1757:
2607:
3756:"The party's program announced by our President today is ambitious and at the same time calculated, supported by financial and human resources. It is a logical extension of our reforms. Throughout the years of independence, I have always set clear goals, and I have said that it is necessary to work hard and hard to achieve them. And now it's the same. I support this program proposed by the President and our common task is to rally around it and work together. You have to believe in yourself, love your homeland and do everything possible for progress."
930:
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4131:
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4257:
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1418:; while living with his paternal uncle, as his parents had not owned dwelling in the place for a brief period. Nazarbayev later himself chose to settle in the upper part of Chemolgan where mainly ethnic Russians lived, in order to master Russian while communicating with them. Despite performing well at school, by the time Nazarbayev was in 10th grade, all the classes in the same grade were called off due to a student shortage and as a result in 1957, he was sent to a boarding school named after
3996:
5308:
4795:
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4649:
5400:
4768:
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2074:
5185:
2530:, it was identified at least $ 785 million in European and U.S. real estate purchases made by Nazarbaev's family members and their in-laws in six countries over a 20-year span. This figure includes a handful of properties that have since been sold, including multimillion-dollar apartments in the United States bought by Nazarbaev's brother, Bolat. It does not include a sprawling Spanish estate owned by Kulibaev, for which a purchase price could not be found.
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1803:(upper house) were held in December 1995 which convened in January 1996. Nazarbayev dismissed the accusations from critics of him personally dissolving the legislature by claiming that it was under Constitutional Court's orders, saying "the law is the law, and the President is obliged to abide by the constitution, otherwise, how will we build a rule-of-law state?" and that the cancellation of the 1996 presidential elections was made by the decision of the
962:
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for "demonstrations and murders" while expressing condolences to the families of the victims in the protests. During the address, Nazarbayev dismissed any rumours in regard to supposed inner conflict between the country's elite by calling them "absolutely groundless", insisting that he'd been a pensioner ever since handing over presidency to
Tokayev whom he remarked "possesses full power" as he was set to be elected as the new chairman of the ruling
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activists, affirming that it would increase
Tokayev's governing powers and influence over the Kazakh politics while some going as far as proclaiming it as an end to the "era of Nazarbayev". According to Nazarbayev's press secretary Aidos Ükıbai, the decision was a "logical continuation of the transit of power" with the party needing to be main support for Tokayev due to "the global crisis caused by the
2944:
of the national plan resulted in
Kazakhstan's transition from a five-tier judicial system to a three-tier one in early 2016 yet it severely restricted access to the cassation review of cases by the Supreme Court. However, the expansion of jury trials has not been implemented. Furthermore, Nazarbayev abolished the local police service in 2018 following the public outrage over the murder of
2590:, Nazarbayev assured the nation in October 2008 that it would deal with the crisis by introducing a rescue package amounted to 10% of the country's GDP, of which was funded thanks in part to the national sovereign wealth fund. In his state of address on 6 March 2009, he announced 350,000 jobs for workers in the spheres of infrastructure projects as well as the creation of the
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2885:, remained in detention after unfair trials. In mid-2014, Kazakhstan adopted new criminal, criminal executive, criminal procedural, and administrative codes, and a new law on trade unions, which contain articles restricting fundamental freedoms and are incompatible with international standards. Torture remains common in places of detention."
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3362:. From there, Trump praised Kazakhstan as "a valued partner in our efforts to rid the Korean peninsula of nuclear weapons... and prevent the North Korean regime from threatening the world with nuclear devastation" and noted the country's crucial support for U.S. forces in Afghanistan and preventing a safe haven for terrorists.
2610:
1783:. From that period, all bills were adopted on the basis of presidential decrees such as outlawing any civic participation in an unregistered and/or illegal public association who would be punished with 15-day jail sentence or fines from 5 to 10 times the minimum monthly wage in an effort "to fight organized crime." An
3768:, telling "what is there to talk about now in the United States of America, the OSCE was not allowed in the elections at all. The Democrats did not allow Republican observers and so on. It is not in order to criticize a big state, but if we are criticized, then why are there such disorders?". In his response to the
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2932:'s 2015 Rule of Law Index was 65 out of 102; the country scored well on "Order and Security" (global rank 32/102), and poorly on "Constraints on Government Powers" (global rank 93/102), "Open Government" (85/102) and "Fundamental Rights" (84/102, with a downward trend marking a deterioration in conditions).
4269:
2578:, due to lack of high liquid investments. Nazarbayev pledged for to continue in advancing for an "independent, open and free market economy." Starting from early 2000's, the Kazakh economy faced huge growth thanks to its development in energy sector and high oil prices. Nazarbayev published his manifesto:
3161:, on an upcoming visit. In one of his speeches however, Nazarbayev criticised Iran as one of the countries that provides support for terrorism. The Kazakh Foreign Ministry however, released a statement on 19 December, saying his remarks were not "what he really meant," and his comments were "mistakes."
2566:
in
December 1993, significant changes were made in which all specialized banks were transformed into a joint stock company, and the National Bank was granted a number of powers. In March 1995, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the National Bank as an independent entity that is accountable only for the
2554:
within
Kazakhstan. This resulted in a rapid inflation of goods, causing discontent amongst citizens, thus forcing Nazarbayev on 12 January to sign a "On additional measures for social protection of the population in the context of price liberalisation" which established partial state-regulated prices
2207:
stimulus package that was designed in softening the social blow caused by economic troubles. At a later news conference, Nazarbayev speaking about the electoral results remarked, "I apologize that for superdemocratic states such figures are unacceptable. But I could do nothing. If I had interfered, I
2029:
which allowed the incumbent president—himself—to run for an unlimited number of five-year terms. This amendment applied specifically and only to
Nazarbayev: the original constitution's prescribed maximum of two five-year terms will still apply to all future presidents of Kazakhstan. That same year in
1971:
announced its resolution which declared that
Nazarbayev's second term was, in fact, his first due to the adaptation of the new Kazakh Constitution which took place in 1995 during Nazarbayev's first term. This allowed him the opportunity to run for another election as his term was set to end in 2007.
3272:
and
Kazakhstan's role as an important oil supplier for the U.S. Nazarbayev proclaimed that "in economics, in energy partnership, in policy, in war on terror, we truly become close partners.", referring to U.S. support for Kazakhstan's independence. He also challenged for Bush and other world leaders
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that would connect western
Kazakhstan and China with John C. K. Daly from the Jamestown Foundation describing it as "a symbolic link between two of the 21st century's rising powers, joining a booming producer with a cash-flush consumer." A construction of the expansion project was fully completed in
2511:
approved a constitutional amendment which would allow
Nazarbayev to seek re-election as many times as he wishes. This amendment applies specifically and only to Nazarbayev, since it states that the first president will have no limits on how many times he can run for office, but subsequent presidents
2219:
which called for Nazarbayev to stop the momentum on land sales and solve the nation's problems as well. In response to the fears of the lands being sold to foreigners, especially Chinese, Nazarbayev fired back at claims, calling them "groundless" and warned that any provocateur would be punished. On
4192:
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The National plan "100 concrete steps" introduced by President Nazarbayev included measures to reform the court system of Kazakhstan, including the introduction of mandatory jury trials for certain categories of crimes (Step 21) and the creation of local police service (Step 30). The implementation
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says that "Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion. In 2014, authorities closed newspapers, jailed or fined dozens of people after peaceful but unsanctioned protests, and fined or detained worshippers for practicing religion outside state controls. Government critics,
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reported in 2002 that Nazarbayev had in the mid-1990s secretly stashed away $ 1 billion of state oil revenue in Swiss bank accounts, the decapitated carcass of a dog was left outside the newspaper's offices, with a warning reading "There won't be a next time"; the dog's head later turned up outside
2298:
on 5 March 2017, making the president no longer able to override parliamentary votes of no-confidence, while giving the legislative branch to form a government cabinet, implementing state programs and policies. The move was seen as way by Nazarbayev to ensure the potential of a peaceful transfer of
1542:
Growing frustrated over the problems within the Kazakh SSR, at the 16th Session of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan held in January 1986, Nazarbayev criticized Askar Kunayev, head of the Academy of Sciences, for not reforming his department. Dinmukhamed, Nazarbayev's boss and Askar's brother, felt
3870:
On 18 January 2022, Nazarbayev made his first public appearance in a video address since the unrest, calling the events a "tragedy" which "became a lesson for all of us." From there, he urged the public "to protect independence like the apple of one's eye" by finding out unknown people responsible
2853:
In 2014, Vladimir Putin's remarks regarding the historicity of Kazakhstan, in which he stated that Nazarbayev "created a state on a territory that never had a state ... Kazakhs never had any statehood, he has created it" led to a severe response from Nazarbayev. Four years later, in February 2018,
2840:
Under the leadership of Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan enacted some degrees of multiculturalism in order to retain and attract talents from diverse ethnic groups among its citizenry, and even from nations that are developing ties of cooperation with the country, in order to coordinate human resources onto
1841:
in which the term of office of the president was increased from 5 to 7 years as well as term limits. The changes also removed restriction on the maximum required age of a presidential candidate. The following day on 8 October, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the election date for January 1999. He
1472:
In his role as a bureaucrat, Nazarbayev dealt with legal papers, logistical problems, and industrial disputes, as well as meeting workers to solve individual issues. He later wrote that "the central allocation of capital investment and the distribution of funds" meant that infrastructure was poor,
3980:
In an October 2021 interview, Nazarbayev revealed that he had suffered a disease in his spine back in 2011, to which it became noticed while attending a concert, resulting him being carefully escorted out of the hall and eventually undergo a vertebra surgery to which Nazarbayev stated was amongst
3743:
on 4 June 2020 setting the date of closed primaries would be held within the party "for open and political competition, promote civic engagement in the political process, and empower women and the youth of the country" to which he instructed for the party to include 30% of women and 20% of people
3386:
Following Kazakhstan's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 16 December 1991, Turkey was among the first countries to recognize the new sovereign Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev paid his first official visit to Ankara in October 1992 to commensurate the opening of the Kazakh embassy in the
3378:
where he met with Nazarbayev as both parties discussed issues related to the establishment and expansion of cooperation in trade, economic, scientific, technical, and cultural spheres. From there, Agreement on Cooperation between the Kazakh SSR and the Republic of Turkey was signed, making it the
2844:
However, in 2012, Nazarbayev proposed reforms, which were later enacted by the parliament, imposing stringent restrictions on religious practices. Religious groups were required to re-register, or face closure. The initiative was explained as an attempt to combat extremism. However, under the new
1744:
amidst political scandals evolving Tereshchenko and government ministers. Nazarbayev objected to the change, arguing that the Constitution gave the president the right to appoint the PM with already existing parliamentary confirmation regardless of the motion of confidence. However, he eventually
2522:
for life. These reforms, which were approved by the Constitutional Council on 28 June, also expanded the powers of the Security Council, granting it the status of a constitutional body. The amendment states that, "The decisions of the security council and the chairman of the security council are
3654:
effectively while supporting the economy". As of June 2020, the fund gathered over 28 billion tenge ($ 69.3 million) to provide financial aid to more than 470,000 families in 23 cities as part of the fund's three waves of assistance. Upon his diagnosis with COVID-19 in mid-June of that year, he
3614:
political council meeting, it was revealed that Nazarbayev would resign from the party's leadership and suggested President Tokayev to take over the position, stressing that the Nur Otan should be led by an incumbent president. The move was met with various reactions from political analysts and
3206:
conducted his first ever visit to Kazakhstan in mid-December 2016, when he met with Nazarbayev. The two countries signed agreements on research and development, aviation, civil service commissions and agricultural cooperation, as well as a declaration on establishing an agricultural consortium.
2923:
The law does not require police to inform detainees that they have the right to an attorney, and police did not do so. Human rights observers alleged that law enforcement officials dissuaded detainees from seeing an attorney, gathered evidence through preliminary questioning before a detainee’s
2734:
Kazakhstan inherited from the Soviet Union the world's fourth-largest stockpile of nuclear weapons. Within four years of independence, Kazakhstan possessed zero nuclear weapons. In one of the new government's first major decisions, Nazarbayev closed the Soviet nuclear test site at Semipalatinsk
2334:
responded to Tokayev's statements claiming that "there's still a lot of time" for Nazarbayev to decide on whether to run for re-election pointing out that the decision will be primarily based on his. He also added that the country would only benefit if Nazarbayev chooses to run for sixth term.
2549:
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan faced mass unemployment and emigration. Nazarbayev was viewed to have followed Russia's economic reforms starting with price liberalisations. On 3 January 1992, he signed a decree "On measures to liberalise prices", an attempt to stabilise the
3099:
to meet with Nazarbayev, in the first visit by an African leader to the country in years. This would be the last foreign head of state that Nazarbayev would receive while in office. Nazarbayev's last state visit to a foreign country took place five days prior to his resignation, visiting the
3866:
and that he had stayed in the country the whole time. From there, Ükıbai stated that Nazarbayev "holds a number of consultative meetings" and is in direct contact with President Tokayev, whom he urged everyone to rally around with "to overcome current challenges and ensure the integrity" of
3595:
to succeed his role, describing it as an emotional "serious step". However from there, Tokayev suggested for Nazarbayev to be named as an "Honorary Chairman" by the QHA to which his statements received applause. Nazarbayev accepted the offer, promising to continue to work with the Assembly.
4317:
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and other nations. By 1996, 120 nations had recognized Kazakhstan, and it had established diplomatic relations with 92 countries. The first major diplomatic initiatives by Nazarbayev were dealing with strategic issues, such as obtaining international security guarantees in the aftermath of
4458:
1469:) and full-time worker for the party, while attending the Karagandy Polytechnic Institute. He was appointed secretary of the Communist Party Committee of the Karaganda Metallurgical Kombinat in 1972, and four years later became Second Secretary of the Karaganda Regional Party Committee.
4224:
2562:'s Economic Memorandum for the next three years, which has been defined as an economic strategy. It included strict measures to reform the economy and establish macroeconomic stability and set the task of carrying out rapid and vigorous privatization. During the introduction of the
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1225:. Foreign investments in key industries fueled modernization and infrastructure development. Additionally, Nazarbayev's foreign policy approach emphasized maintaining good relations with major powers and actively integrating Kazakhstan into regional organizations such as the
2638:, Nazarbayev signed the founding treaty of the Eurasian Union (EEU) in Astana, paving the way for the transition from their current customs union to the full-fledged EEU on 1 January 2015. Nazarbayev named Honorary Chairman of Supreme Eurasian Economic Council in May 2019.
2053:
Nazarbayev has always emphasized the role of education in the nation's social development. In order to make education affordable, on 13 January 2009, he introduced educational grant "Orken" for the talented youth of Kazakhstan. This decree was amended on 23 September 2016.
1986:
increased its ranks as all pro-presidential parties began merging into one. Nazarbayev supported the move, stating the need for there to be fewer, but stronger parties that "efficiently defend the interests of the population." In December 2006, the Otan renamed itself into
4157:
3156:
In a speech given in December 2006 marking the fifteenth anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence, Nazarbayev stated he wished to join with Iran in support of a single currency for all Central Asian states and intended to push the idea forward with the President of Iran,
11708:
4246:
4176:
2814:. Earlier the organisers of similar events were only representatives of leading religions and denominations. Among other similar events aimed at establishing interdenominational dialogue were the meetings of representatives of world religions and denominations held in
2171:
receives more investment than Kazakhstan because it is not a "-stan" country, even though it is in the same neighborhood, and not as stable as Kazakhstan. However, he noted that decision should be decided by the people on whether the country should change its name.
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clashed with police on the country's Independence Day. Fifteen people were shot dead by security forces and almost 100 people were injured. Protests quickly spread to other cities but then died down. The subsequent trial of demonstrators uncovered mass abuse and
13304:
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party. Nazarbayev remarked about his achievements as president in which his goal was to form "stability and tranquility for the country" by calling for everyone to protect these "enduring values" and for unity around the Tokayev by supporting his reform agenda.
1554:, an ethnic Russian, who despite his office, had little authority in Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev was named party leader and the top position (First Secretary of the Communist Party) on 22 June 1989, only the second Kazakh (after Kunayev) to hold the post. He was the
14500:
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chief editor Alexei Venediktov, claiming that he was preparing to leave the country for unspecified treatment citing inner diplomatic circle. The Kyrgyz media reported that a private jet belonging to Nazarbayev's family had allegedly arrived in the capital of
3677:
vaccine against the virus. From there, he urged everyone to get vaccinated due to emergence of the new COVID-19 strains for their health, acknowledging the challenging times happening in amidst of the pandemic and wishing health and wellbeing for the public.
2597:
Since 2014, Nazarbayev has set strategic priority in Kazakhstan for economic diversification which would maintain the country's stability by avoiding the effects from its oil export reliance that would affect the economy through its constant price downfalls.
2679:. It was officially approved by the Decree of the President on 6 April 2015. The goal of the plan was for development and improvement of tourist, industrial and housing infrastructure, create 395,500 new jobs, and increase the GDP growth rate 15.7 by 2019.
3845:. Questions regarding Nazarbayev's whereabouts arose as he was viewed to be the main target in the unrest with anti-Nazarbayev slogans being chanted throughout protests along with monuments and street names dedicated to him being vandalized and torn down.
3133:
In December 2002, during Nazarbayev's visit to China, an agreement "On good neighborliness, friendship and cooperation between China and Kazakhstan" and "On cooperation between the two countries to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism" were signed.
2789:
In March 2016, Nazarbayev released his "Manifesto: The World. The 21st century." In this manifest he called for expanding and replicating existing nuclear weapon-free zones and stressed the need to modernise existing international disarmament treaties.
3164:
During an announcement of a railway link in 2007, Nazarbayev expressed a religious solidarity with Iran, as he was quoted as saying, "Today I will pay a visit to Turkmenistan where we will agree on the construction of a railway through Kazakhstan and
1727:
candidates who were on presidential-list won 42 seats. The OSCE observers called the elections unfair, reporting an inflated voter turnout. Nevertheless, the new composition of the Parliament was considered to be "professional" with different various
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13181:
2085:, winning 95.5% of the vote with virtually no opposition candidates. Following his victory, he announced the need in finding an "optimal way of empowering parliament, increasing the government's responsibility and improving the electoral process."
5607:
1426:. During that time, Nazarbayev's father, Äbish, wished to create favourable conditions towards his son for studying and living as well as to potentially avoid bad influence from peers by renting himself an apartment for Nazarbayev in the village.
3973:; a spokesman stated that Nazarbayev would go into isolation and work remotely. On 3 July 2020, Nazarbayev had recovered and was "back on his feet" three weeks after contracting the virus. Nazarbayev later during a meeting with Russian President
14505:
2329:
in June 2018, suggested that Nazarbayev's term presidential from 2015 was in fact, the last one as he hinted the possibility that Nazarbayev would not run for re-election which was scheduled for 2020. Minister of Information and Communications
14575:
2450:
Over the course of Nazarbayev's presidency, an increasing number of accusations of corruption and favoritism have been directed against Nazarbayev and his circle. Critics say that the country's government has come to resemble a clan system.
1253:
linked to Nazarbayev and his family, which hindered transparency and accountability, posing significant obstacles to Kazakhstan's development. In addition, Nazarbayev's tenure also confronted a series of economic challenges, including the
13094:
2940:'s 2020 Rule of Law Index rose and was 62 out 128. Its global rank on "Order and Security" remained high (39/128) and low on "Constraints on Government Powers" (102/128), "Open Government" (81/128) and "Fundamental Rights" (100/128).
14540:
2162:
In 2014, Nazarbayev proposed that Kazakhstan should change its name to "Kazakh Eli" ("Country of the Kazakhs"), for the country to attract better and more foreign investment, since "Kazakhstan" by its name is associated with other
3569:. In October 2019, it was announced that all potential ministerial candidates needed the approval of Nazarbayev before being appointed by Tokayev, with the exception of Minister of Defence, Interior Minister and Foreign Minister.
11705:
2609:
13111:
1395:, to parents Ábish Nazarbayev (1903–1970) and Aljan Nazarbayeva (1910–1978). His father Ábish was a poor labourer who worked for a wealthy local family until Soviet rule confiscated the family's farmland in the 1930s during
14565:
3751:
At the 20th Nur Otan Extraordinary Congress held on 25 November 2020, the Nur Otan revealed its list of party candidates as well as electoral platforms which were approved by the delegates. Nazarbayev at the congress spoke
2984:
was multi-vector foreign policy, which was based on initiatives to establish friendly relations with foreign partners. His government's policies were considered moderate by maintaining a balance between the world powers of
3861:
without official confirmation. While the Kazakh embassy in the UAE denied reports of his presence in the country. Spokesperson Aidos Ükıbai in his Twitter dismissed claims, affirming that Nazarbayev was in the capital of
3405:
Since 1992, trade between Kazakhstan and Turkey amounted to total more than 3 billion dollars yearly, reaching 3.5 billion in its peak in 2012 and remaining stagnant from there. During Nazarbayev's meeting with President
2417:
According to Nazarbayev himself, he described his intention for stepping down was due to "peak of trust" by the people and that it was "necessary to leave", recalling his memories in attending funerals of Soviet leaders
13300:
2464:. Subsequently, Nazarbayev successfully pushed for a parliamentary bill granting him legal immunity, as well as another designed to legalise money laundering, angering critics further. When Kazakh opposition newspaper
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2092:" Nazarbayev has led Kazakhstan through difficult times and into an era of prosperity and growth. He has demonstrated that he values his U.S. and Western alliances and is committed to achieving democratic governance."
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in 2000, where he wrote that "today we are building a new state, a new market economy and a new democracy, and this—at the very time when many other independent states have already trodden that path similar enough."
9797:
2769:"that would guarantee clear obligations on the part of signatory governments and define real sanctions for those who fail to observe the terms of the agreement." His foreign minister signed a treaty authorizing the
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law, many minority religious groups are deemed illegal. In order to exist on a local level, a group must have more than 50 members: more than 500 on a regional level, and more than 5,000 on the national level.
4228:
2460:, in 1999 Swiss banking officials discovered $ 85 million in an account apparently belonging to Nazarbayev; the money, intended for the Kazakh treasury, had in part been transferred through accounts linked to
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2042:, eliminating any form of opposition which sparked controversy and criticism from international organizations and groups within the country. In response, Kazakhstan introduced an amendment by allowing for a
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13174:"President of the Latvian Republic Valdis Zatlers Pays His First Official Visit to Kazakhstan at President Nursultan Nazarbayev' s Invitation – Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
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when riots broke out there over working conditions. By the age of 20, he was earning a relatively good wage doing "incredibly heavy and dangerous work" in the blast furnace. From there, Nazarbayev married
3476:) has been moved to a different location in the capital from the presidential palace. It was also reported in late April 2019 that Nazarbayev also maintains a private jet for official and private visits.
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11257:"Первый Президент Казахстана принял участие в официальной церемонии интронизации Императора Японии Нарухито | Официальный сайт Первого Президента Республики Казахстан – Елбасы Нурсултана Назарбаева"
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in cities across the country, Nazarbayev announced his resignation as President of Kazakhstan, citing the need for "a new generation of leaders". The announcement was broadcast in a televised address in
13222:
1706:
On 10 December 1993, the Supreme Soviet voted to dissolve itself and that same day, a presidential decree was signed which set changes in local representative and executive bodies with elections of the
1220:
During Nazarbayev's presidency, Kazakhstan experienced a rapid economic growth in 2000s, driven by high oil prices and market-oriented reforms, establishing the country as a prominent economic power in
2822:, in October 1986 and January 2002. The first Congress of World and Traditional Religions which gathered in 2003 allowed the leaders of all major religions to develop prospects for mutual cooperation.
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In March 2019, it was announced that the program would be extended to 2025 with its new agenda being focused on developing road infrastructure. According to Minister of Infrastructure and Development
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were held where Nazarbayev won by an overwhelming majority of 91.15% (from a total of 6,871,571 eligible participating voters). Nazarbayev was sworn in for another seven-year term on 11 January 2006.
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and the Supreme Soviet which, at that time, was composed of former Communist Party legislators who had yet to stand in an election. The Constitution, adopted on 28 January 1993, created a strong
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2318:. An estimated 3.86 million people visited the site with Nazarbayev at the closing ceremony on 10 September 2017 calling it as "Kazakhstan's most brilliant achievements since its independence."
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On 29 November 2019, Nazarbayev was named the Honorary Chair of Central Asian Consultative Meeting. It was announced at the second Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia in
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5575:: in Turkic languages, 'el'/'il' means 'the people', 'nation', '(home)land', etc., and 'bas'/'bash' means 'head' (both literally and in the meaning of 'leader'). A similar historical title is
3713:
described Nazarbayev in an interview honoring his birthday as "one of the few world politicians who has a vision of political processes". The celebratory events were held virtually due to the
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In January 2023, Nursultan Nazarbayev was hospitalized at the National Scientific Cardiac Surgery Center in Astana. On 20 January 2023, a heart operation was performed, which was successful.
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3199:. Diplomatic relations were established in 1992 and Nazarbayev paid official visits to Israel in 1995 and 2000. Bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to $ 724 million in 2005.
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5608:"Statement on granting the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy, His Excellency Nursultan Nazarbayev, the status of the life-time Honorary President of the Turkic Council"
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3245:. Both sides have expressed interests to develop friendly, cooperative relations and for both countries to strengthen international peace and stability with an early ratification of the
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The Soviet Union disintegrated following the failed coup, though Nazarbayev was highly concerned with maintaining the close economic ties between Kazakhstan and Russia. In the country's
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2706:, because of its scope, is one of the most serious ecological disasters being faced by our planet today. It is not an exaggeration to put it on the same level as the destruction of the
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from his post, which according to political experts was seen as a "power grab". In his address, he criticized Kazhegeldin over his record reforms and in his place, Nazarbayev appointed
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who remarked Kazakhstan as being "key leader" on the issues of nuclear material elimination and developing international fuel bank. At the meeting, Nazarbayev, as a gift, gave Obama a
2375:(leader of the nation, leader of the people), the title bestowed upon him by parliament in 2010. The title was later removed due to the cancellation of the Law on the First President.
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workers were demoralised and overworked, and centrally set targets were unrealistic; he saw the steel plant's problems as a microcosm for the problems for the Soviet Union as a whole.
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for the fifth term. From there, he gathered 97.7% of the vote share, making it one of the biggest in Kazakhstan's history. In his victory speech, he emphasized the top priority in
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7192:"Resolution of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About official interpretation of Item 5 of article 42 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan""
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3807:. Nazarbayev congratulated the party's victory in the election saying, "Kazakhstanis associate the further development of our country, improvement of welfare with our party."
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took place resulting in deaths of 25 people. Nazarbayev called the incident as terrorist attacks which were orchestrated from abroad to destabilize the country similarly in a
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visiting the country in April 1994 where he met with Nazarbayev. From there, both nations signed boundary agreement on 26 April and then later during Peng's second visit to
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8939:"Президент Республики Казахстан Н. А. Назарбаев о евразийской интеграции. Из выступления в Московском государственном университете им. М. В. Ломоносова 29 марта 1994 г."
9649:
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10280:"О ратификации Дополнительного Соглашения между Республикой Казахстан и Китайской Народной Республикой о казахстанско-китайской государственной границе – ИПС "Әділет""
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President Nazarbayev unveiled this technological modernization initiative to increase Kazakhstan's economic competitiveness through the digital ecosystem development.
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to have greater role in decision making, calling it "a consistent and logical step in the development of the state". The Parliament approved several amendments to the
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celebrations where he was greeted by the civilian population. In regard to accommodations as the first president, it is known that his personal office (now known as
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lauded Nazabayev's leadership and called Kazakhstan's achievements under his presidency a "miracle" during their phone call on 30 November 2016. Nazarbayev visited
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2754:", the Kazakhstan and United States governments worked closely together to dismantle former Soviet weapons stored in the country, with the Americans agreeing to
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10254:"Соглашение между Республикой Казахстан и Китайской Народной Республикой о казахстанско-китайской государственной границе (г. Алматы, 26 апреля 1994 года)"
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2279:. This suggested that Nazarbayev was preparing for his succession to be taken over by Dariga as the cabinet reshuffling had occurred after Uzbek President
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should take over the leading role, noting the constitutional limits on president's affiliation with political parties while Nazarbayev himself remained as
7706:
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the state-guided path of global market economic participation. This principle of the Kazakh leadership has earned it the name "Singapore of the Steppes".
2661:, a long-term strategy to ensure future growth prospects of Kazakhstan, and position Kazakhstan as one of the top 30 most developed nations in the world.
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2283:'s death which created political uncertainty in the neighboring country. Nazarbayev dismissed the claims of hereditary succession in an interview to the
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10130:"Memorandum on Security Assurances in Connection with the Republic of Kazakhstan's Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons"
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during their visit to Kazakhstan. Notably, their meetings with Nazarbayev took place separately from their meetings with President Tokayev, who is the
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recalled his sickness, telling that "group of Russian doctors stood by me for ten days. It was decisive in my recovery, so it will not be forgotten."
3954:. He has two brothers, Satybaldy (1947–1980) and Bolat (born 1953), as well as one sister named Anip. On 16 August 2020, Nazarbayev's grandson,
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2065:. The book took a generally pro-Nazarbayev stance, asserting in the introduction that he is mostly responsible for the success of modern Kazakhstan.
12885:"Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 12 октября 1998 года № 1212 "О награждении орденом Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного Назарбаева Н. А.""
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member countries, consisting of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and India, attended the opening ceremony of
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He recovered from the virus on 3 July 2020, in time for the celebration of his 80th birthday which was held on 6 July and also coincided with the
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3900:. According to Nazarbayev, Abai's "Words of Wisdom" aided him in attempting to build a modern Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
1169:, he appeared alone on the ballot with no opposing candidates and secured an overwhelming 98% of the vote. In 1995, he governed the country in a
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on 25 August 1962, who was a dispatcher at the same steel mill that he worked in. Together, both parties would eventually have three daughters:
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During the Soviet era, over 500 military experiments with nuclear weapons were conducted by scientists in the Kazakhstan region, mostly at the
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Earliest official diplomatic contacts were established with Turkey as Kazakhstan was under the Soviet Union. In March 1991, Turkish President
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for nearly three decades, excluding chairmanship in the Security Council after the end of his presidency. He has often been referred to as a
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took over Tokayev's role as the new PM which viewed as a response towards a political crisis which occurred following the formation of the
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1877:. The Otan, for the first time, participated in the elections, winning 23 seats. In the aftermath on 1 October 1999, Nazarbayev appointed
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policy. Following this, his father took the family to the mountains to live out a nomadic existence. His family's religious tradition was
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in September 2018, both leaders announced their willingness to increase tradeover to 5 billion dollars with 10 billion set in long term.
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1597:; however, Nazarbayev turned the offer down. However, on 29 July, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Nazarbayev discussed and decided that once the
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a traditional Turkic amulet for "good luck" which was eventually used later to jokingly describe the sole reason for Obama's win in the
2854:
Reuters reported that "Kazakhstan further loosened cultural ties with its former political masters in Moscow ... when a ban on speaking
1165:
were severe, dissent was suppressed, and elections were not free and fair. In the country's first direct presidential election, held in
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Nazarbayev has clamped down on dissent in Kazakhstan, and the country has never held an election judged to be free or fair by the West.
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while Nazarbayev himself was viewed to be more of experienced policy maker as his views and stances had already been formed during the
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the Nuclear Weapon-Free World and Global Security award for ensuring peace, regional stability and sustainable economic development.
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On 11 June 2011, Daniel Witt, Vice Chairman of the Eurasia Foundation, acknowledged the role of Nazarbayev and his political reforms:
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and demanded Nazarbayev's dismissal while Nazarbayev's supporters campaigned for Kunayev's dismissal and Nazarbayev's promotion.
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7016:"Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 7 июля 1999 года № 168 О назначении очередных выборов в Парламент Республики Казахстан"
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capital. In spite of relations between two states taking off, Nazarbayev during the First Turkic Speaking States Summit held in
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Borat Subsequent Moviefilm: Delivery of Prodigious Bribe to American Regime for Make Benefit Once Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan
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12911:"Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 8 июня 2015 года № 290 "О награждении орденом Александра Невского Назарбаева Н. А.""
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of the party which was held on 1 March 1999, Nazarbayev was elected as the chairman. From there, he suggested that former PM
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In May 2018, the Parliament of Kazakhstan passed a constitutional amendment allowing Nazarbayev to serve as Chairman of the
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holding a telephone conversation with Nazarbayev, calling him a "great politician". In a cabinet meeting, Russian President
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with Kazakhstan that would also guarantee the country's sovereignty. On 5 December 1994, Russia, U.S., and U.K. signed the
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mandatory and are subject to strict execution by state bodies, organisations and officials of the Republic of Kazakhstan."
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while working as a factory steel worker. He held prominent positions within the party and in 1984, he was appointed as the
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8271:"Обращение Главы государства Нурсултана Назарбаева к народу Казахстана – Официальный сайт Президента Республики Казахстан"
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to be the head of the party's campaign headquarters, a decision that was unanimously supported by the Nur Otan delegates.
2145:
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12829:"Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 20 марта 2019 года № 1 "О присвоении звания "Халық Қаhарманы" Назарбаеву Н. А.""
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in which Nazarbayev claimed that it received a lack of international attention in contrast with Belarus. To conclude the
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In early 2016, it was announced that 1.7 million hectares of agricultural land would be sold at an auction. This sparked
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1715:(local heads) being appointed by the president. In March 1994, Kazakhstan for the first time since independence, held a
1414:, the family returned to the village of Chemolgan where in 1948, Nazarbayev began attending school and being taught the
1410:Äbish avoided compulsory military service due to a withered arm he had sustained when putting out a fire. At the end of
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13275:"Т.Николич вручил Н.Назарбаеву Орден Республики Сербия » "ЭХО Усть-Каменогорска" Молодежный информационный портал"
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Throughout the 1990s, privatisation and banking reforms took place in Kazakhstan. In June 1994, Nazarbayev amended the
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to the post. He stated that Massimov had the "sufficient knowledge and experience" to "develop Kazakhstan's successes."
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10550:"Remarks by President Obama and President Nursultan Nazarbayev of the Republic of Kazakhstan Before Bilateral Meeting"
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in June 2019. Nazarbayev was immune from any criminal prosecution until being stripped from privileges following the
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5448:, was named after him following his resignation in 2019. In September 2022 it reverted to its original name, Astana.
3591:(QHA) held on 28 April 2021, Nazarbayev announced his intention to step down as the QHA chairman and have President
1511:(Chairman of the Council of Ministers), the youngest-ever officeholder in the Soviet Union to serve the post, under
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13336:: 1st Class in 2007 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
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After leaving school, Nazarbayev took up a one-year, government-funded scholarship at the Karaganda Steel Mill in
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visited Kazakhstan on 1–3 November 2015, where he offered support for Nazarbayev's 100 Concrete Steps programme.
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as the biggest opposition movement of his time in power. On 16 December 2011, demonstrations in the oil town of
1854:. Abdildin himself in response refused to acknowledge the official results, insisting that they were falsified.
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12989:"Распоряжение Президента Азербайджанской Республики о награждении Нурсултана Назарбаева орденом "Гейдар Алиев""
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8723:"Kazakhstan's Economy since Independence: Does the Oil Boom offer a Second Chance for Sustainable Development?"
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3780:, Nazarbayev criticized the protestors, saying "they've been fucking Belarus for a whole month," and noted the
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President Nazarbayev unveiled in 2014 a multibillion-dollar domestic modernization and reformation plan called
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Kazakhstan's human rights situation under Nazarbayev is uniformly described as poor by independent observers.
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opposed President Özal's initiatives in attempting to unite all Turkic-speaking territories into one nation.
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had faced an increasing unpopularity amidst worsening economy and scandal revolving around an arms deal with
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10359:"EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight – Construction Of Railway To Iran On Agenda Of Turkmenistan Visit Kazakh Leader"
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to establish 29 August as the International Day Against Nuclear Tests. In his article he has proposed a new
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8984:"The Presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed a Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union in Astana"
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treaty. In order to gain investments to Kazakhstan, Nazarbayev, during his visit, signed an agreement with
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1189:. These actions consolidated Nazarbayev's authority and control over the country's political landscape. In
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due to usurpation of power and autocratic rule. Nazarbayev began his political career in 1962, joining the
1090:, from the country's independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the
745:
14491:
Members of the Central Auditing Commission of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13101:, Official Site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan 28 April 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
12753:
12500:"Nazarbayev Denies Split Among Kazakh Elite, Says Tokayev Has 'Full Power' in First Post-Protest Comments"
11706:Выступление Президента Республики Казахстан Касым-Жомарта Токаева на совместном заседании палат Парламента
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took place, significantly bolstering the executive powers through the introduction of a new draft for the
12526:"Nazarbayev Publishes Article on Abai's Influence on His Own Life and in Shaping Contemporary Kazakhstan"
11465:"Nazarbayev named honorary chair of Central Asian Consultative Meeting, proposes solidifying cooperation"
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In May 2004, a total of ten trade and economic cooperation agreements were signed which included a major
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Diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and China were established in January 1992, with Chinese Premier
2571:
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2475:'s apartment, with a warning reading "There will be no last time." The newspaper was firebombed as well.
1536:
1110:) from 2010 to 2022. Nazarbayev was one of the longest-ruling non-royal leaders in the world, having led
10747:"Kazakhstan is a 'kleptocracy' ruled by an autocrat. It's also an increasingly important strategic ally"
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He gave his last name to his grandchildren: Aisultan Nazarbayev (1990-2020) and Nabi Nazarbayev (2008).
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resigned the same day. On the evening of 5 January, Tokayev announced Nazarbayev's resignation from the
3398:, Nazarbayev vowed to extradite any persons employed at lyceums who had "links with terrorism" with the
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in November 2001 by several prominent Kazakh officials who called for political and democratic reforms.
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12729:"Он был очень похож на меня – Нурсултан Назарбаев об Айсултане – Новости Казахстана и мира на сегодня"
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However, Kazakhstan changed the name of the capital from Nur-Sultan back to Astana in September 2022.
2438:
13223:"Ordonnance Souveraine n° 4.491 du 27 septembre 2013 portant élévation dans l'Ordre de Saint-Charles"
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Nazarbayev, along with seventeen heads of state and government from around the world, which included
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to lead the government citing the reason "to intensify the pace of social and economic development."
1193:, Nazarbayev was re-elected second time for what was officially recognized as his first term, as the
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Official website of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Elbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev
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Official website of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Elbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev
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Gill (30 November 2001). "Shanghai Five: An Attempt to Counter U.S. Influence in Asia?". Brookings.
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9502:"Manifest by Kazakh President Calls for Global Nuclear Disarmament, Steps to End Global Conflicts"
5742:
5224:
4091:
3748:. The primaries were held from 17 August to 3 October 2020 where Nazarbayev himself voted online.
3535:, would be "very delighted" with the development of the capital. In late October, he attended the
3453:
type of public figure. In the month since his resignation, he had met with South Korean President
3335:, as well as nuclear disarmament, fighting extremism, the situation in Afghanistan and combatting
3257:
that would extract 700,000 barrels of oil per day with a revenue of more than $ 5 billion a year.
2371:. In his televised address Nazarbayev pointed out that he had been granted the honorary status of
1791:, a referendum was held which allowed for greater presidential powers and established a bicameral
13828:
13770:
13619:
12910:
8482:
8374:
6325:
5257:
4033:
3932:
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in honor of Nazarbayev. The Parliament of Kazakhstan officially voted in favour of the renaming.
2960:
2739:
2726:, and the wider world to do more to reverse the environmental damage done during the Soviet era.
2631:
2497:
2411:
2395:
2387:
2188:
2128:
1952:
1737:
1337:
1242:
1226:
1087:
587:
87:
14501:
Members of the Central Committee of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
14496:
Members of the Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
14238:
12305:
10440:
9162:"Over 10,000 Candidates Participate in Nur Otan Party Primaries, as Party Concludes First Stage"
3407:
2378:
Various colleagues of Nazarbayev reacted within hours of the announcement, with Uzbek President
415:
14425:
14135:
12024:"Nazarbayev's Legacy: Forging a Path For an Independent Kazakhstan as a Leader in Central Asia"
10335:
8421:
7303:
5693:
The republic's Supreme Soviet elected Nazarbayev president of the Kazakh SSR on April 24, 1990.
5514:
5016:
5011:
4989:
4929:
4203:
Recipient of the Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Railway of Kazakhstan"
4195:
Recipient of the Medal for "10th Anniversary of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
4187:
Recipient of the Medal for "10th Anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
3191:
Notwithstanding Kazakhstan's membership in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the
3130:, an additional agreement on the border between two countries was signed on 24 September 1997.
2858:
in cabinet meetings took effect ... has also ordered all parliamentary hearings to be held in
2810:
Nazarbayev put forward the initiative of holding a forum of world and traditional religions in
2141:
1936:
1724:
1217:
approved a constitutional amendment allowing Nazarbayev to lead the Security Council for life.
870:
146:
13133:
10041:"Nazarbayev's trust-based relations with foreign partners help promote Kazakhstan's interests"
9105:
8370:
7736:
7068:
6606:
6538:
4772:
4740:
4729:
3650:
Nazarbayev created the Biz Birgemiz (lit. "We are Together") Fund in March 2020 "to fight the
14160:
14130:
13877:
13842:
13765:
13629:
12175:""Не пустили ОБСЕ", "долбали Беларусь". Назарбаев перед выборами хвалит себя и критикует США"
11968:"Nursultan Nazarbayev: Looking Back at a Legacy of Friendship and Cooperation With Tatarstan"
8448:
5634:
5091:
4799:
3826:
3660:
3628:
3592:
2937:
2929:
2544:
2353:
2322:
2268:
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1924:
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1657:
1278:
493:
450:
410:
395:
375:
313:
266:
223:
171:
141:
14293:
12228:"Another post-Soviet 'ruler for life' faces upheaval, as enormous protests sweep Kazakhstan"
11093:"Kazakhstan has turned into 'competitive transit hub', Nazarbayev tells Belt and Road forum"
5115:
4593:
3053:(NPT). Later, the governments of China and France added their signatures to the Memorandum.
2390:
was Nazarbayev's "brainchild". Other world leaders who sent messages to Nazarbayev included
1826:
14420:
8964:
Uneasy Alliance: Relations Between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Post-Soviet Era, 1992–1997.
8805:
5425:
5338:
5279:
5038:
4675:
3858:
3773:
3664:
3600:
3581:
3101:
2778:
2635:
2591:
2490:
2427:
2403:
2399:
2276:
2097:
1901:
1851:
1800:
1746:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1668:
1306:
1154:
1027:
20:
12332:"СМИ Кыргызстана: в Бишкек из ОАЭ прилетели два "принадлежащих семье Назарбаева" самолета"
9531:
Congress of World Religions – About Congress of leaders of world and traditional religions
4984:
4396:
2287:
in November 2016, saying that the "transfer of power is spelled out by the Constitution."
8:
14253:
14215:
14120:
14115:
14091:
14046:
13942:
11777:"Nazarbayev's Biz Birgemiz Fund Dedicates Funds to Help 80,000 Struggling Rural Families"
9068:"Kazakhstan's Nurly Zhol and China's Economic Belt of the Silk Road: Confluence of Goals"
8938:
8923:
8832:
5169:
4547:
4368:
4294:
4161:
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3488:
3379:
first international treaty for Kazakhstan. In September of that year, Nazarbayev visited
3250:
3158:
3084:
3042:
3026:
2630:
In 1994, Nazarbayev suggested the idea of creating a "Eurasian Union" during a speech at
2483:
2047:
1866:
1811:
1750:
1741:
1263:
1238:
1158:
614:
380:
340:
305:
131:
126:
14506:
Members of the Politburo of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
11997:Официальный сайт Первого Президента Республики Казахстан – Колбасы Нурсултана Назарбаева
10305:
9869:, released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Retrieved 1 November 2015
4374:
3888:. As devout, Nazarbayev has described his spirituality as being based on the words from
3717:
pandemic in the country. A statue of Nazarbayev in military uniform was unveiled at the
3542:
as the representative of Kazakhstan. During this visit, he met with Ukrainian President
1756:
1719:
which was boycotted by the Azat and Jeltoqsan parties. From there, the pro-presidential
1495:
996:
14278:
14125:
14066:
13798:
13788:
13350:
10441:"Kazakhstan – Visits by Foreign Leaders – Department History – Office of the Historian"
9992:
9936:
9813:
9763:"Even Vladimir Putin's Authoritarian Allies Are Fed Up With Russia's Crumbling Economy"
8758:
8750:
7846:"Казахстан сохранит ключевые приоритеты во внутренней и внешней политике – Н.Назарбаев"
7472:
6995:
6802:
6794:
5372:
5064:
4179:
Recipient of the Medal for "10 Years of the Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
3920:
3916:
3830:
3822:
3816:
3803:
swept a comfortable majority of 76 seats despite a loss eight seats in contrary to the
3543:
3203:
3105:
3092:
2877:
2379:
2290:
In January 2017, Nazarbayev proposed constitutional reforms, which would allow for the
2272:
2252:
1882:
1815:
1512:
1447:
1302:
1127:
910:
405:
136:
14576:
Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
14170:
13092:
Nursultan Nazarbayev awarded the Order of Friendship of the People's Republic of China
11825:"Telegram addressed to Nursultan Nazarbayev from ex-President of Croatia Stefan Mesic"
10467:
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush (1992, Book I)
9578:
Ideology and National Identity in Post-Communist Foreign Policies By Rick Fawn, p. 147
8671:"Big Houses, Deep Pockets: The Nazarbaev Family's Opulent Offshore Real Estate Empire"
4648:
4162:
Order of the First President of Kazakhstan – Leader of the Nation Nursultan Nazarbayev
3739:
after resigning from presidency, Nazarbayev signed a decree in the preparation of the
2634:. On 29 May 2014, alongside Russian President Vladimir Putin and Belarusian President
1671:, began debating over a draft constitution in June 1992. Opposition political parties
14268:
14248:
14228:
14086:
13519:
13462:
13434:
13114:(in Finnish). Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ja Suomen Leijonan ritarikunnat. Archived from
12550:
11309:"Volodymyr Zelenskyy met with Nursultan Nazarbayev during his working visit to Japan"
10493:
10164:
10106:
10105:. Washington, D.C.: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
9996:
9984:
9940:
9926:
8967:
8762:
8742:
8454:
7880:
7339:
7191:
7140:
7074:
6828:
6806:
6786:
6747:
6674:
6612:
6585:
6544:
6452:
6408:
6364:
6331:
6257:
6213:
6124:
5879:
5777:
5640:
4680:
4211:
Recipient of the Medal for "10 Years of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
3924:
3699:
3651:
3616:
3402:
by conduct a joint inspection in educational institutions located within Kazakhstan.
3274:
3242:
2743:
2707:
2233:
2155:
In December 2012, Nazarbayev outlined a forward-looking national strategy called the
2046:
since any party that wins second place in race—regardless or not if it passes the 7%
1846:
for second term by winning 81% of the vote, defeating his main challenger and former
1729:
1617:
1590:
1528:
1500:
1490:
1455:
1267:
918:
798:
678:
390:
121:
14308:
11523:
10864:
6726:"Sociopolitical associations in independent Kazakhstan: Evolution of the phenomenon"
4130:
3422:
3399:
2862:, saying those who are not fluent must be provided with simultaneous translations."
1070:
1979–1984: Member, 14th & 15th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan
14233:
14140:
13066:
12784:
11201:
10253:
9976:
9918:
9879:
9767:
8734:
7167:"Government Reshuffle in Kazakhstan Gives Nazarbayev Maneuverability on Key Issues"
7015:
6778:
6737:
6026:"Former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev stripped of 'honorary senator' title"
5556:
5345:
4305:
3951:
3947:
3912:
3889:
3834:
3691:
3445:
3355:
2855:
2751:
2683:
2515:
As of 2015, Kazakhstan has never held an election meeting international standards.
2472:
2043:
1999:
1956:
1696:
1598:
1451:
1443:
1419:
1415:
914:
883:
151:
13326:
11602:"Nazarbayev to hand over leadership of ruling party to incumbent Kazakh president"
9980:
9965:"The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan"
9587:
9244:
8184:
4569:
3667:
3339:. Nazarbayev thanked the U.S. for its assistance in accessing Kazakhstan into the
14541:
Grand Crosses with Chain of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil)
14353:
14343:
14313:
14283:
14273:
14263:
14243:
13997:
13981:
13976:
13775:
13605:
13333:
13209:
13148:"УКАЗ ПРЕЗ. КР "О ВРУЧЕНИИ ПАМЯТНОГО ЗОЛОТОГО ОРДЕНА "МАНАС-1000" И ПАМЯТНОЙ...""
13098:
12149:"Nur Otan утвердила партийный список кандидатов в мажилис на внеочередном съезде"
11712:
9824:
9801:
9594:
9537:
9455:
9407:
7912:
7904:
7532:
5551:
5533:
4620:
4336:
4256:
4055:
3943:
3789:
3710:
3690:. Nazarbayev received congratulations from leader such as the Armenian President
3508:
3080:
3068:
2973:
2912:
2859:
2486:
2419:
2058:
1642:
1602:
1532:
1106:
620:
420:
400:
385:
194:
13015:"Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 19 июня 2015 года № 250 "О награждении""
9964:
9922:
6880:
4543:
4385:
4327:
3903:
3703:
3458:
2646:
2212:
criticized the election as falling short of international democratic standards.
14175:
14155:
14150:
14145:
14076:
13927:
13888:
13803:
13793:
13760:
13750:
13656:
13561:
13402:
12888:
10527:
9672:"Kazakhstan: Religion Law Restricting Faith in the Name of Tackling Extremism?"
9041:
8834:
The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Political Dynamics in Central Asia
7924:
6782:
6742:
6725:
5577:
5365:
5350:
3974:
3959:
3849:
3695:
3656:
3512:
3500:
3427:
3332:
3268:
where Nazarbayev received praise from Bush for his support during the U.S. led
3261:
3001:
2826:
2551:
2456:
2407:
2383:
2284:
2260:
2248:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2137:
2014:
2003:
1917:
1857:
In February 1999, several pro-presidential parties formed into one party named
1606:
1574:
1551:
1259:
1205:
that removed term limits exclusively for Nazarbayev, he secured re-election in
1170:
786:
766:
728:
166:
161:
156:
11937:"President of Armenia congratulates Nursultan Nazarbayev on his 80th birthday"
11576:"Nazarbayev meets with Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan"
10358:
9910:
8738:
8322:"Shavkat Mirziyoyev Talks with the First President of Kazakhstan on the Phone"
8212:"'Решение за Президентом' – Абаев об участии Назарбаева в выборах в 2020 году"
5307:
4875:
3995:
3942:
leaders related. Having grown up in the Soviet Union, Nazarbayev is fluent in
3371:
2363:
Notwithstanding his resignation as president, he continued to head the ruling
1873:
party leader. In July 1999, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the date for the
1641:
Nazarbayev (three rows from left) at the 1992 World Economic Forum chaired by
1241:
efforts by renouncing the country's inherited nuclear arsenal and closing the
14566:
Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
14394:
14328:
14298:
14258:
13934:
12280:"Kazakhstan: De-Nazarbayevification picks up steam, but is it just for show?"
11854:
10918:"Как далеко могут зайти в сотрудничестве Казахстан и Турция: мнение эксперта"
10497:
10279:
9988:
8746:
7884:
7416:"Kazakh President amends decree on educational grant for talented youngsters"
7343:
7144:
7108:"Kazakhstan: Tasmagambetov Appointed New Prime Minister After Tokaev Resigns"
6832:
6790:
6751:
5781:
5399:
4907:
4848:
3939:
3838:
3761:
3566:
3555:
3532:
3465:
3439:
3324:
3238:
3072:
3034:
2997:
2986:
2803:
2493:
2443:
2423:
2280:
2187:
to the post. Akhmetov subsequently was appointed as a Defence Minister while
1830:
1787:
extended Nazarbayev's term, originally set to end in 1996, to until 2000. In
1578:
1396:
706:
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan
13679:
11795:"Telegram addressed to Nursultan Nazarbayev from King of Jordan Abdullah II"
11115:"Russia Marks WWII Victory Day With Military Parades, Commemorative Marches"
10099:
Kazakhstan: The Road to Independence Energy Policy and the Birth of a Nation
10040:
7308:
6933:"Одно событие – два мнения. Что Назарбаев и Абдильдин говорили друг о друге"
4794:
2735:(Semei), where 456 nuclear tests had been conducted by the Soviet military.
2224:, Nazarbayev warned that without unity and stability, a crisis similarly in
12414:"Назарбаев не покидал Казахстан, заявил пресс-секретарь бывшего президента"
12122:
11944:
11914:
10575:
9707:
9012:"Nazarbayev named "Honorary Chairman" of Supreme Eurasian Economic Council"
8351:
7845:
5861:"What happens to Kazakhstan's dictatorship now that its dictator has quit?"
5474:
5252:
4767:
4332:
3935:
3928:
3562:
3558:
3528:
3450:
3351:
3308:
3289:
3254:
3170:
3166:
2969:
2750:, and was always fully committed to the group's goals. In what was dubbed "
2715:
2461:
2391:
2331:
1983:
1909:
1858:
1772:, and the official changeover of the capital happened on 10 December 1997.
1411:
1392:
1222:
13112:"Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunnan suurristin ketjuineen ulkomaalaiset saajat"
12767:"Nazarbayev Recovers From Coronavirus, Back on His Feet After Three Weeks"
12331:
12201:"Назарбаев поздравил "Нур Отан" с победой на выборах в мажилис Казахстана"
12174:
12062:
11993:"Телефонный разговор с экс-Президентом Турецкой Республики Абдуллой Гюлем"
10632:"Nazarbayev, Obama Reaffirm Strategic Partnership During New York Meeting"
8779:
8329:
6702:
6540:
Miniature empires: a historical dictionary of the newly independent states
4407:
4283:
3565:. During his meeting with Nadal, he personally called former Spanish King
2907:
2140:
as the PM, a close-ally of Nazarbayev who served as First Deputy PM under
1955:
against him. Tasmagambetov resigned in June 2003 and Nazarbayev appointed
14338:
14165:
14026:
14002:
11283:"Nursultan Nazarbayev partaking in Japan Emperor enthronization ceremony"
11231:
10808:"30 Years Ago, Turkish President Paid First Official Visit to Kazakhstan"
10390:"Leaders of Kazakhstan, Democratic Republic of Congo keen on Israel trip"
10306:"Справка: хроника важных событий в отношениях между Китаем и Казахстаном"
9552:"Congress of Religious Leaders: Promoting Dialogue between Civilisations"
8641:"Kazakh President given right to head National Security Council for life"
8396:
6878:
5478:
5190:
4482:
4145:
3981:
things that have influenced him in eventually resigning from presidency.
3969:
On 18 June 2020, it was reported that Nazarbayev had tested positive for
3454:
3359:
3312:
3265:
2271:
to the post of the PM. Days later on 13 September, Nazarbayev's daughter
2073:
1886:
1524:
1404:
1056:
1989–1991: Member, 17th Secretariat of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan
176:
13692:
13151:
13044:
12988:
12962:
11232:"Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic – News» Meetings"
8928:. Libman A. and Vinokurov E. (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2012, p. 220.)
8754:
8722:
8241:"Kazakh President Nazarbaev Abruptly Resigns, But Will Retain Key Roles"
6906:"Kazakh 'Rerun:' A Brief History of Kazakhstan's Presidential Elections"
6798:
6766:
4229:
Jubilee Medal "60 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
1708:
1245:. Despite these accomplishments, challenges persisted due to widespread
14101:
13857:
13823:
12200:
11001:"Nazarbayev's Resignation Is an Attempt to Institutionalize His System"
9735:
9671:
7273:
7246:
7107:
6853:
5713:"Veteran Kazakh leader Nazarbayev resigns after three decades in power"
5441:
5392:
5245:
4977:
4895:
4536:
3863:
3636:
3520:
3516:
3344:
3226:
3076:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2702:
In his 1998 autobiography, Nazarbayev wrote that "The shrinking of the
2670:
2623:
2204:
1991:
and on 4 July 2007, Nazarbayev was re-elected as the party's chairman.
1779:
were held unconstitutionally and as a result, Nazarbayev dissolved the
1246:
1111:
967:
841:
591:
31:
13596:
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
13486:"Oliver Stone derided for film about 'modest' former Kazakh president"
9540:. Religions-congress.org (15 October 2007). Retrieved 3 February 2011.
4251:
Medal for "20 Years of the Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
4191:
3655:
received calls and telegrams of support from world leaders, including
2618:
The signing ceremony of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (in
2386:
praised Nazarbayev's leadership, even going as far as to say that the
2179:
and devaluation of the tenge, Nazarbayev on 2 April 2014 dismissed PM
14551:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
14108:
13853:
13819:
11756:"Kazakhstan to change name of capital from Nur-sultan back to Astana"
10891:"Назарбаев обещает выдать Турции любого, кто «связан с террористами»"
9795:
Lost in translation? Kazakh leader bans cabinet from speaking Russian
8925:
Holding-Together Regionalism: Twenty Years of Post-Soviet Integration
8854:
Prosperity, Security and Ever Growing Welfare of All the Kazakhstanis
5458:
4949:
4451:
4402:
Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"
2945:
2904:
According to a US government report released in 2014, in Kazakhstan:
2580:
Prosperity, Security and the Ever-Growing Welfare of all Kazakhstanis
2352:
after which he signed a decree ending his powers from 20 March 2019.
2311:
2303:
2105:
1807:
arguing that "Western schemes do not work in our Eurasian expanses."
1482:
1434:
1380:
837:
9963:
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020).
9703:"Kazakhstan creates its own Game of Thrones to defy Putin and Borat"
8371:"Russia: Putin praises former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev"
3810:
3499:
announced the naming of Nazarbayev as the Honorary President of the
1326:
14571:
Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
12679:"Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson claims somebody wants to kill him"
12447:"Nazarbayev addresses Kazakhstan in 1st video message since revolt"
12359:"Бишкек прокомментировал приземление самолетов с семьей Назарбаева"
12358:
11524:"Назарбаев стал почетным председателем Ассамблеи народа Казахстана"
10415:"PM Netanyahu meets with Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev"
8107:"Kazakhstan parliament passes reforms reducing presidential powers"
8003:"Bakytzhan Sagintayev is appointed Kazakhstan's new prime minister"
5162:
4427:
4316:
3970:
3872:
3800:
3796:
3785:
3736:
3714:
3611:
3539:
3411:
3388:
3375:
3269:
3246:
3029:
as a result of pressure from Western nations. Nazarbayev called on
2703:
2364:
2326:
2175:
After Kazakhstan faced an economic downturn of which was caused by
2168:
2039:
2035:
1988:
1796:
1466:
1438:
1430:
1423:
1294:
1250:
1115:
1039:
273:
12937:"Встреча с Президентом Республики Татарстан Рустамом Миннихановым"
12063:"Новый памятник Назарбаеву открыли в канун его 80-летия в столице"
10970:"The people of Kazakhstan wonder who their next president will be"
9909:
Trochev, Alexei; Slade, Gavin (2019), Caron, Jean-François (ed.),
9845:
8545:"Kazakhstan Goes After Opposition Media in New York Federal Court"
5935:"Kazakhstan's long term president to run in show election – again"
4902:
1086:(born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician who served as the first
11601:
11439:"Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev to Confirm Ministers, Governors: Decree"
11361:"Zelensky meets with Nazarbayev in Tokyo, invites him to Ukraine"
10520:"Bush and Kazakh leader praise each other in Oval Office meeting"
8579:"How Kazakhstan is Trying to Use the US Courts to Censor the Net"
8055:"Kazakh President Nazarbayev Says Power Won't Be Family Business"
7821:"Kazakhstan: Nazarbayev Apologetic for Lopsided Election Results"
6500:"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – historical state, Eurasia"
5906:"Kazakhstan's President Nazarbayev resigns but retains key posts"
5494:
5300:
5108:
4814:
4722:
4695:
4641:
4586:
4562:
4509:
4223:
3893:
3854:
3480:
3123:
3009:
2430:, embarking that "there is still a limit of human capabilities."
2225:
2110:
1920:. Mussayev became the head of the Presidential Security Service.
39:
13249:"Nursultan Nazarbayev awarded Supreme Order of the Turkic World"
12253:"Powerful ex-leader Nazarbayev is main target of Kazakhs' anger"
10332:"Kazakhstan dismisses alleged anti-Iran comments from president"
9915:
Kazakhstan and the Soviet Legacy: Between Continuity and Rupture
9911:"Trials and Tribulations: Kazakhstan's Criminal Justice Reforms"
9867:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013: Kazakhstan"
8352:"Shavkat Mirziyoyev: Nursultan Nazarbayev is a great politician"
8002:
7562:
6451:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. pp. 86–88.
6123:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. pp. 14–21.
4234:
4215:
1951:
over his proposed policies on land privatisation which led to a
1213:, serving his fourth and fifth terms as president. In 2018, the
13539:
12474:"Kazakhstan drive to close book on Nazarbayev era gathers pace"
12089:"Nursultan Nazarbayev signs decree on holding primary election"
11413:"Baseline: Djokovic and Nadal face off and dance in Kazakhstan"
10603:"Why Obama Won: An Amulet the President of Kazakhstan Gave Him"
9324:"Pursuing nuclear weapons makes nations less, not more, secure"
8899:"Economic Diversification Key to Kazakhstan's Future Stability"
7905:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights – Elections
6767:"Democratisation Process in Kazakhstan: Gauging the Indicators"
5834:"Kazakhs vote to confirm removal of Nazarbayev's grip on power"
5445:
5431:
5415:
5272:
5135:
5057:
5004:
4922:
4787:
4760:
4356:
4207:
4199:
4004:
4000:
3963:
3885:
3632:
3504:
3484:
3479:
He has embarked on two foreign visits since leaving office, to
3469:
3380:
3196:
3174:
3127:
3096:
3030:
3017:
3013:
2990:
2949:
2916:
2830:
2829:
views during the Soviet era; he later made attempts to support
2815:
2811:
2619:
2349:
2315:
2050:—would be guaranteed to have representation in the Parliament.
1818:, an oil engineer who prior served as an Oil and Gas Minister.
1769:
1765:
1764:
In 1994, Nazarbayev suggested relocating the capital city from
1684:
1544:
1499:
Nazarbayev (front row, second from left) at the signing of the
1384:
14596:
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
14586:
Recipients of the Order of Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia
14461:
Foreign members of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
11172:"Former Kazakh president made honorary head of Turkic Council"
10661:"In Astana, Kerry Promotes Stronger Ties in Economy, Security"
9807:
9642:"Kazakhstan: Restrictive Religion Law Blow To Minority Groups"
8422:"Какая болезнь повлияла на решение Назарбаева уйти в отставку"
8082:"Kazakh President, Special Panel Mull Major Political Reforms"
7978:"Kazakh President Declares June 9 as National Day of Mourning"
7651:"Karim Masimov quits as prime minister of oil-rich Kazakhstan"
6695:"Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
6608:
Russia and the new states of Eurasia: the politics of upheaval
5880:"Is Kazakhstan's Nazarbayev the Lee Kwan Yew of Central Asia?"
5636:
Principles of International Politics – Bruce Bueno de Mesquita
4273:
Nazarbayev with leaders of China, Russia and India during the
4183:
4167:
4054:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
3848:
Rumours about Nazarbayev fleeing Kazakhstan was brought up by
1652:
Nazarbayev renamed the former State Defense Committees as the
1266:, in which these events contributed to the devaluation of the
1201:
under the provisions of a 1995 amendment. Later, exploiting a
13301:"Встреча с Президентом Республики Сербия Александром Вучичем"
12581:"Назарбаев показал свое знание английского. Это было забавно"
12147:Кулмаганбетова, Диана; Абдуллаева, Диана (25 November 2020).
11335:"Nursultan Nazarbayev, Vladimir Zelensky hold talks in Japan"
11062:"Kazakhs, foreign investors puzzled by power-sharing leaders"
9098:"Nurly Zhol Infrastructure Development Program for 2015-2019"
6988:
Report on Kazakstan's Presidential Election: January 10, 1999
6001:"Kazakh president fails to quell protests, 8 deaths reported"
5770:"Kazakhstan election avoids question of Nazarbayev successor"
5461:
5435:
5419:
5217:
5084:
4868:
4841:
4668:
4613:
4156:
3897:
3285:
3038:
3021:
3005:
2819:
2356:, speaker of the upper house of parliament, was appointed as
2164:
1927:
resigned from his post and was subsequently appointed as the
1646:
1465:, becoming a prominent member of the Young Communist League (
1181:
extended his presidency until 2000. Additionally, in August,
1067:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
19:"Nazarbayev" redirects here. For other uses of the name, see
11881:"Former President Nazarbayev gets vaccinated with Sputnik V"
9187:"Digital Kazakhstan initiative presented at Web Summit 2017"
7873:"Kazakhstan's President Is Re-elected by Almost Every Voter"
7677:"Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy Leads to Government Restructuring"
6407:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 85.
6363:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 84.
6256:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 55.
6212:(in Russian). Astana: Деловой Мир Астана. 2012. p. 54.
4522:
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
4245:
4175:
3627:
On 20 March 2019, after Nazarbayev's resignation, President
1281:, a close ally of his, who overwhelmingly won the following
1273:
In March 2019, Nazarbayev resigned from the presidency amid
14591:
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
14466:
Heads of government of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
12049:"Capital Day Celebrations Will Be Held Virtually This Year"
7070:
Brassey's International Intelligence Yearbook: 2003 Edition
5972:"Kazakh President Re-elected; voting Flawed, Observers Say"
4413:
Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"
4391:
Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan"
3551:
3524:
2834:
2237:
2121:
1837:
On 7 October 1998, a number of amendments were made to the
1712:
14516:
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland
13347:"Spanish Official Journal. Royal Decree 677/2017, 23 june"
10944:"Нурсултан Назарбаев посетил Турцию с официальным визитом"
10659:
Orazgaliyeva, Malika; Nurbekov, Altair (3 November 2015).
9297:"Kazakhstan's Nonproliferation Model Offers More Security"
9155:
9153:
8377:
from the original on 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.
7794:"Kazakhstan's New Prime Minister to Fix Economic Problems"
6604:
6598:
5987:
Kazakhstan has never held an election that was not rigged.
2996:
From 1990 to 1994, Nazarbayev paid official visits to the
2526:
In December 2020, according to an investigative report by
1589:. Nazarbayev was close enough to Soviet general secretary
14217:
28th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
12607:"Болат Назарбаев судится в Америке со своей бывшей женой"
10486:"Chevron to Spend $ 10 Billion to Seek Oil in Kazakhstan"
8514:"As Kazakh scandal unfolds, Soviet-style reprisals begin"
8029:"Kazakh leader promotes daughter, confidant in reshuffle"
7066:
5743:"Токаев объявил о смещении с поста Нурсултана Назарбаева"
4219:
Recipient of the Medal for "50 Years of the Virgin Lands"
2101:
941:
13516:
Nursultan Nazarbayev: My Life, My Times and My Future...
12146:
10716:"Kazakhstan: Trump talked up leader's 'miracle' in call"
10576:"Глава Казахстана подарил Президенту США тумар на удачу"
9042:"Strategy 2050: Kazakhstan's Road Map to Global Success"
8133:"Kazakhstan celebrates inauguration of Expo 2017 Astana"
7593:"The Stable State of Nursultan Nazarbayev's Kazakhstanl"
7563:"Kazakhstan: Zhanaozen Oil Workers Did Not Take Up Arms"
7247:"Pro-Nazarbaev Party Merges With President's Power Base"
6730:
Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences
4322:
Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
3331:
and the goals of finding peaceful solution based on the
3195:), under Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan had good relations with
2657:
Nazarbayev unveiled in his 2012 State of the Nation the
1138:, he was elected as Kazakhstan's first president by the
14456:
Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
12704:"Kazakhstan: Troubled Nazarbayev grandson dies aged 29"
11387:"N Nazarbayev met with Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic"
10163:. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. p. 122.
9150:
8476:
8474:
8389:"Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic"
8159:"Expo Astana 2017 closes after three successful months"
7473:"Kazakhstan President Nazarbayev sworn in for new term"
4363:
3825:
after a sudden sharp increase in gas prices, President
2360:
of the country until the end of the presidential term.
1711:(local legislatures) taking place every five years and
1687:
from 10 to 17 June 1992 calling for the formation of a
14446:
First secretaries of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan
13569:
Prime Minister of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
13041:"Лукашенко наградил Назарбаева орденом Дружбы народов"
11855:"Nursultan Nazarbayev urges Kazakhstanis to vaccinate"
11146:"Nazarbayev made honorary president of Turkic Council"
9736:"Kazakhstan Celebrates Statehood in Riposte to Russia"
9267:"Kazakhstan and US Renew Nonproliferation Partnership"
8696:"The legacy of Nursultan Nazarbayev in Kazakh history"
7951:"Kazakh leader evokes Ukraine as land protests spread"
6673:. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. p. 81.
5428:: Turk El Ata (Spiritual Leader of the Turkic People).
3327:
where both leaders discussed the issues regarding the
3056:
Kazakhstan under Nazarbayev became co-founders of the
1301:
until his dismissal from that post in response to the
746:
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR
11907:"Nursultan Nazarbayev addresses people of Kazakhstan"
11628:"Nazarbayev decides to quit as Nur Otan party leader"
10224:"Mohammad Bin Zayed receives President of Kazakhstan"
9962:
7737:"Kazakhstan: President suggests renaming the country"
6821:"Autocratic Kazak Leader Ousts His Reformist Premier"
4462:
Recipient of the Order "For Merits to the Fatherland"
2980:
During Nazarbayev's presidency the main principle of
2888:
Kazakhstan is ranked 161 out of 180 countries on the
1810:
In October 1997, Nazarbayev dismissed Prime Minister
14621:
Resigned Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
13130:"The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Japan"
10658:
10011:"Kazakh President instructs to improve court system"
9128:"State Program Nurly Zhol to Be Extended until 2025"
8638:
8610:"Kazakhstan lifts term limits on long-ruling leader"
8471:
7332:"Kazakhstan lifts term limits on long-ruling leader"
7042:"Asia Now – New prime minister named for Kazakhstan"
6854:"Kazakhstan: Parliament Appoints New Prime Minister"
6584:. Vol. 2. New York City: Garland. p. 715.
3273:
to follow the country's suit and make their nations
14611:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
14601:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
12472:Bartlett, Paul; Bisenov, Naubet (23 January 2022).
11550:"Назарбаев встретился с наследным принцем Абу-Даби"
8446:
7500:"Kazakhstan's Presidential Election Shows Progress"
6671:
Central Asia in Focus Political and Economic Issues
4906:Golden Order in honor of the 1000th anniversary of
3795:In the following aftermath of the elections to the
3721:(an institution that itself which bears his name).
3241:on 18–20 May 1992 where he met with U.S. President
2210:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
2061:released a biography of the Kazakh leader entitled
1912:, on 4 May 2001. Tazhin became the Chairman of the
1775:In March 1995, the Constitutional Court ruled that
1289:and continued to serve as the chairman of both the
1142:. Nazarbayev played a crucial role in opposing the
12523:
12306:"Источник: Назарбаев готовится покинуть Казахстан"
12115:"Nursultan Nazarbayev votes in Nur Otan primaries"
12021:
9608:"How Nursultan became the most loved man on Earth"
9574:
9572:
7217:"January 11. Kazinform's timeline of major events"
3343:. Following months later, U.S. Secretary of State
2194:
1433:. He also spent time training at a steel plant in
12756:, Eurasianet 18 June 2020; retrieved 18 June 2020
12754:Kazakhstan: Nazarbayev diagnosed with coronavirus
12653:"Внук Назарбаева заявил, что он – не внук, а сын"
11965:
11143:
10838:"ИНФОГРАФИКА – Турция и Казахстан: 28 лет дружбы"
10473:. U.S. Government Publishing Office. p. 793.
9243:. Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI). Archived from
8576:
7447:"Kazakhstan Thanks British Nazarbayev Biographer"
6323:
3896:poet whose philosophy is based on an enlightened
3811:2022 unrest and resignation from Security Council
3673:In June 2021, Nazarbayev received a Russian-made
3468:. Two days after leaving office, he attended the
3383:where a Memorandum of Understanding was signed.
2570:Kazakhstan managed to avoid full impact from the
2343:On 19 March 2019, following unusually persistent
14561:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX
14536:Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great
14392:
13918:
13663:First Secretary of the Central Committee of the
13067:"Си Цзиньпин наградил Назарбаева Орденом дружбы"
11726:"Нур-Султан – новое название столицы Казахстана"
9420:"Central Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone (CANWFZ)"
8480:
8297:"Kazakhstan Annuls Law 'On the First President'"
7624:"Kazakhstan Cabinet Reshuffle Promotes Massimov"
7370:"Ruling Party Sweeps Kazakh Parliamentary Polls"
6611:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 317–318.
5808:"Kazakh president declared Leader of the Nation"
4369:Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called
3487:. The former visit took place during the second
2236:to which he accused of being infiltrated by the
1896:Vladimir Putin with Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2000
658:Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR
14631:Recipients of the Supreme Order of Turkic World
14521:First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania
12747:
12471:
10601:Kjuka, Deana; Bokash, Galym (8 November 2012).
9569:
9396:Right time for building global nuclear security
6879:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
4573:Recipient of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
3837:and Almaty, effective from 5 January 2022. The
3799:which were held on 10 January 2021, the ruling
2837:pilgrimage, and supporting mosque renovations.
2191:was aimed at dealing with the economic crisis.
2148:. Massimov in turn, became the new head of the
2132:Painting of Elbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2014
1130:. Nazarbayev became the First Secretary of the
13373:"Presidency of the Republic of Turkey (Photo)"
12811:"Nursultan Nazarbayev undergoes heart surgery"
9860:
8235:
8233:
3764:of "double standards" over its conduct of the
2550:country's socio-economic situation and form a
2199:Nazarbayev for the last time ran again in the
1593:for Gorbachev to consider him for the post of
1507:In 1984, at the age 43, Nazarbayev became the
1197:'s ruling in 2000 allowed him to run again in
14606:Recipients of the Order of Vytautas the Great
14511:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
14436:Chairmen of the Organization of Turkic States
14201:
13904:
13708:
13684:
10805:
10069:
9321:
8806:"Institutional reforms. Economic development"
7925:"Kazakhstan's land reform protests explained"
6536:
6319:
6317:
3561:during his visit to Kazakhstan for a charity
3237:Nazarbayev made his first state visit to the
1749:in October 1994 and appointing ethnic-Kazakh
1543:deeply angered and betrayed. Kunayev went to
1458:, born in 1963, 1968 and 1980, respectively.
14641:Recipients of the Order of Outstanding Merit
14636:Recipients of the Order of Liberty (Ukraine)
11112:
11090:
9908:
9588:Moscow's Largest Mosque to Undergo Extension
9402:(11 April 2010). Retrieved 3 February 2011.
8542:
7975:
7767:"Kazakhstan prime minister Akhmetov resigns"
7497:
5541:
3724:
2802:During a visit to the central mosque of the
2758:in transportation and "compensation" costs.
2433:
2208:would have looked undemocratic, right?" The
1297:until 2021. He also was the chairman of the
14626:Recipients of the Order of Alexander Nevsky
14531:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles
11495:"Назарбаев открыл сессию АНК в Нур-Султане"
10962:
10600:
9635:
9633:
9159:
8511:
8230:
7274:"Kazakhstan: Ruling Party Gets Even Bigger"
6543:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 136.
6184:
6182:
4311:Medal "For the Development of Virgin Lands"
3546:, during which he congratulated him on his
2641:
2136:On 24 September 2012, Nazarbayev appointed
2098:opponents of Nazarbayev rioted in Mangystau
1550:Kunayev was ousted in 1986 and replaced by
1461:On 15 November 1962, Nazarbayev joined the
14208:
14194:
13911:
13897:
13715:
13701:
13513:
13401:(in Russian). qurultai.org. Archived from
12855:"Nursultan Nazarbayev awarded Algys Order"
11031:"Nauryz celebrated throughout the country"
10690:U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Kazakhstan
10483:
10072:"Kazakhstan is key to the Middle Corridor"
9549:
9383:
9371:
9359:
9347:
9227:
9215:
8877:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
8850:
8572:
8570:
7681:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
7622:Petersen, Alexandros (25 September 2012).
7533:"Abuse claims swamp Kazakh oil riot trial"
7000:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6990:. Washington D.C. 20 May 1999. p. 15.
6966:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
6567:
6524:
6486:
6314:
6308:
6296:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6188:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6158:
6097:
6085:
6073:
6061:
6049:
5965:
5963:
5928:
5926:
5677:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
4240:Medal for "10 Years of the City of Astana"
4047:about living persons that is unsourced or
3907:Postage stamp with Nazarbayev and his wife
3358:in January 2018 where he met Trump at the
3047:Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances
2601:
2259:On 8 September 2016, Nazarbayev appointed
1947:was short-lived, facing opposition by the
1527:policies slowly began to take place under
978:Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan
70:
13722:
12303:
11943:(in Russian). 5 July 2020. Archived from
8871:Olcott, Martha Brill (12 December 2011).
8209:
8185:"I doubt Kazakh president will run again"
8079:
6741:
6723:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5403:Recipient of the Gold Medal of Uzbekistan
4827:Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
4118:Learn how and when to remove this message
3760:Nazarbayev, at the congress, accused the
3260:In September 2006, he met with President
2068:
1821:
1627:
1367:Learn how and when to remove this message
1233:and globally by becoming a member of the
670:22 February 1990 – 24 April 1990
604:24 April 1990 – 16 December 1991
100:16 December 1991 – 20 March 2019
12356:
11652:
10915:
10806:Arystanbekova, Akmaral (13 March 2021).
10629:
10158:
9872:
9630:
9472:"Manifesto: The World. The 21st century"
8896:
7791:
7648:
7621:
7527:
7525:
7164:
6930:
6881:"Freedom in the World 1998 – Kazakhstan"
6179:
5858:
5632:
5552:[nʊrsʊɫˈtɑnæˌbɘʃʊˈɫɤnɑzɑrˈbɑjɪf]
5464:Dani Popescu in the 2020 satirical film
5285:Order of the State of Republic of Turkey
4933:Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the
4438:Recipient of the Order of Akhmad Kadyrov
4326:
4268:
4129:
3994:
3938:, which for a short period made the two
3927:. Aliya's first marriage was notably to
3902:
3571:
3495:. In late-May, Turkish Foreign Minister
3421:
3302:
3298:2012 United States presidential election
3220:
3062:
2959:
2911:Meeting with the Russian then-president
2906:
2797:
2645:
2605:
2512:will be restricted to a five-year term.
2477:
2437:
2242:
2127:
2115:
2072:
2008:
2002:in January 2007 and appointed Deputy PM
1962:
1891:
1825:
1755:
1636:
1632:
1494:
1316:
1237:. Moreover, he played a crucial role in
1162:
718:22 June 1989 – 7 September 1991
244:21 August 1991 – 5 January 2022
212:(Himself as President of the Kazakh SSR)
12441:
12439:
12437:
12435:
12408:
12406:
12277:
11771:
11769:
11059:
10862:
10832:
10830:
10828:
10801:
10799:
10797:
10686:"Secretary Kerry travels to Kazakhstan"
9917:, Singapore: Springer, pp. 75–99,
9639:
9605:
9034:
8830:
8720:
8567:
8416:
8414:
8080:Uatkhanov, Yerbolat (25 January 2017).
7291:
7271:
6285:
6164:
5998:
5969:
5960:
5932:
5923:
5903:
5877:
5473:In 2021, Nazarbayev was interviewed by
3599:In October 2021, during a visit to the
3491:while the latter took place during the
3321:70th session of the UN General Assembly
2697:
2063:Nazarbayev and the Making of Kazakhstan
1760:1993 Kazakh postage stamp of Nazarbayev
1313:until this title was stripped in 2023.
1146:by Soviet hardliners, which led to the
514:28 April 2021 – 5 January 2022
286:1 March 1999 – 28 January 2022
14393:
13458:"We Should Be Glad Borat Still Exists"
13423:
12304:Медведева, Катерина (5 January 2022).
12225:
12142:
12140:
11653:МАМАШҰЛЫ, Асылхан (23 November 2021).
11518:
11516:
11091:Orazgaliyeva, Malika (27 April 2019).
10744:
10654:
10652:
10625:
10623:
10387:
10124:
10122:
9958:
9956:
9760:
9733:
9700:
8944:from the original on 23 September 2015
8870:
8774:
8772:
8607:
8453:. Carnegie Endowment. pp. 27–28.
8368:
7818:
7329:
6764:
6724:Sayabayev, Daniyar (1 November 2016).
6668:
6664:
6662:
6199:
6197:
5945:from the original on 11 September 2019
5788:from the original on 24 September 2016
5767:
5698:
4854:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
4852:Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the
3426:Nazarbayev (third from the left) with
3307:Nazarbayev (left) with U.S. President
3091:In January 2019, Zimbabwean President
2865:
2786:to be modernized and better balanced.
2771:Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone
2729:
1998:, Nazarbayev dismissed Prime Minister
1723:party won a majority of 30 seats with
1569:, Nazarbayev was elected as the first
1347:Please improve this section by adding
896:
14581:Recipients of the Heydar Aliyev Order
14189:
13892:
13696:
13683:
13455:
12963:"Участие во встрече с лидерами БРИКС"
12634:Семья президента: Нурсултан Назарбаев
12551:"Central Asia's 'perfect couple' wed"
12524:Aidana Yergaliyeva (8 October 2020).
12497:
11212:from the original on 9 September 2019
10916:Байдаров, Еркин (23 September 2018).
10745:Wilkie, Christina (16 January 2018).
10517:
10421:from the original on 30 December 2016
10324:
10095:
9715:from the original on 12 December 2016
9160:Satubaldina, Assel (8 October 2020).
8639:Aigerim Seisembayeva (13 July 2018).
7687:from the original on 10 November 2017
7674:
7649:Petersen, Freya (24 September 2012).
7522:
7510:from the original on 13 November 2012
7444:
6956:
6954:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6605:Karen Dawisha; Bruce Parrott (1994).
6110:
6108:
6106:
5550:
5452:
4342:
3884:Nursultan Nazarbayev identifies as a
3708:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia
3550:and was invited by Zelensky to visit
2689:
2555:on bread, bakery products and flour.
1601:was signed, Nazarbayev would replace
1562:) from 22 February to 24 April 1990.
1177:was absent. In April of that year, a
1105:
758:22 March 1984 – 27 July 1989
471:1 March 1995 – 28 April 2021
14411:20th-century Kazakhstani politicians
14406:21st-century Kazakhstani politicians
13483:
12432:
12403:
11766:
11681:"Укибай объяснил решение Назарбаева"
11445:from the original on 6 November 2019
11341:from the original on 23 October 2019
11315:from the original on 23 October 2019
11289:from the original on 23 October 2019
10998:
10825:
10794:
10726:from the original on 19 January 2017
10369:from the original on 3 February 2009
10021:from the original on 14 October 2016
9742:from the original on 24 January 2016
9640:Leonard, Peter (29 September 2011).
9197:from the original on 31 January 2018
9078:from the original on 11 October 2017
9048:from the original on 13 January 2014
8620:from the original on 10 January 2014
8589:from the original on 8 December 2015
8555:from the original on 23 October 2015
8524:from the original on 8 December 2015
8411:
7976:Orazgaliyeva, Malika (9 June 2016).
7870:
7603:from the original on 7 November 2017
7573:from the original on 9 November 2017
7426:from the original on 11 October 2016
7394:
7350:from the original on 10 January 2014
7105:
6579:
6506:from the original on 12 October 2013
6330:. Psychology Press. pp. 59–61.
5859:Matthews, Austi S. (25 April 2019).
5673:"Background on Nursultan Nazarbayev"
4009:
3449:to be an attempt to turn him into a
2982:Kazakhstan's international relations
2057:In 2009, former UK Cabinet Minister
2017:at the White House in September 2006
1320:
1270:and triggered periods of inflation.
1034:Constitutional Council of Kazakhstan
651:(Himself as President of Kazakhstan)
14526:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
12995:from the original on 8 October 2017
12785:"Meeting with Nursultan Nazarbayev"
12137:
11513:
11202:"Meeting with Nursultan Nazarbayev"
10649:
10630:Nurbekov, Altair (5 October 2015).
10620:
10518:Gedda, George (30 September 2006).
10119:
9953:
9682:from the original on 13 August 2017
9652:from the original on 18 August 2012
9550:Muratbekov, Yertas (11 June 2015).
9060:
8769:
8210:Айтжанова, Ботагоз (21 June 2018).
7272:Pannier, Bruce (22 December 2006).
6659:
6194:
5376:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
5095:Collar of the Order of Independence
4708:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
3622:
3193:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
3173:. This will bring us closer to our
2748:anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan
2677:Nurly Zhol – The Path to the Future
2275:was appointed as the member of the
2077:Nazarbayev holding a speech in 2012
2038:won all the contested seats in the
1667:, under the leadership of Chairman
1660:as Defense Minister on 7 May 1992.
1305:. He was an honorary member of the
1120:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
16:President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019)
13:
14107:
14017:
13958:
13933:
13379:from the original on 22 March 2014
13307:from the original on 7 August 2019
13212:, Lithuanian Orders searching form
13184:from the original on 27 March 2019
13132:. 15 November 2009. Archived from
13073:from the original on 29 April 2019
12969:from the original on 8 August 2019
12943:from the original on 8 August 2019
12917:from the original on 8 August 2019
12835:from the original on 7 August 2019
12561:from the original on 20 March 2019
12357:Пирогова, Дарья (7 January 2022).
12278:Kumenov, Almaz (20 January 2022).
12093:Информационный портал: Toppress.kz
12022:Andrei Beloborodov (4 July 2020).
11736:from the original on 21 March 2019
10980:from the original on 12 April 2019
10526:. Associated Press. Archived from
10484:Greenhouse, Steven (19 May 1992).
10234:from the original on 31 March 2019
10204:from the original on 20 March 2019
9890:from the original on 29 April 2015
9701:Lillis, Joanna (27 January 2016).
9277:from the original on 23 April 2016
8897:Voloshin, George (13 March 2018).
8251:from the original on 19 March 2019
6951:
6629:
6103:
5999:Auyezov, Olzhas (5 January 2022).
5723:from the original on 20 March 2019
5683:from the original on 27 March 2019
5434:: A street in the central part of
4735:Order of the White Rose of Finland
4134:Nursultan Nazarbayev street, Amman
3603:, Nazarbayev awarded Crown Prince
3531:that his father, former President
3417:
3217:Kazakhstan–United States relations
2538:
2533:
2367:party and remains a member of the
2167:" countries. Nazarbayev suggested
1732:that functioned. In May 1994, the
1721:People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity
1622:Commonwealth of Independent States
1595:Vice President of the Soviet Union
1231:Commonwealth of Independent States
14:
14652:
14471:Party leaders of the Soviet Union
13532:
13430:: A Guide to Every Notable Cameo"
12385:"Wion: Назарбаев находится в ОАЭ"
11966:Mintimer Shaimiev (2 July 2020).
11144:Vakkas Doğantekin (24 May 2019).
11060:Auyezov, Olzhas (29 April 2019).
10692:. 28 October 2015. Archived from
10194:"Mnangagwa arrives in Kazakhstan"
9775:from the original on 7 March 2016
9761:Michel, Casey (19 January 2015).
9734:Lillis, Joanna (6 January 2015).
9618:from the original on 5 March 2017
9430:from the original on 20 June 2019
8493:from the original on 4 March 2016
8467:from the original on 3 June 2016.
7792:Voloshin, George (9 April 2014).
7747:from the original on 10 July 2014
7307:. 10 January 2007. Archived from
7133:"Short-lived, but still a mutiny"
7106:Blua, Antoine (28 January 2002).
6931:МАМАШУЛЫ, Асылхан (5 July 2021).
6625:from the original on 27 May 2013.
6582:Europe Since 1945 An Encyclopedia
6557:from the original on 27 May 2013.
6344:from the original on 27 May 2013.
5970:Chivers, C.J. (6 December 2005).
5904:Bisenov, Naubet (20 March 2019).
5878:Oropeza, Miguel (19 March 2015).
5633:Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de (2013).
5378:Order of St Michael and St George
5324:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
4468:
4289:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
3058:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2955:
2308:Shanghai Cooperation Organization
1577:. He supported Russian President
1157:in Kazakhstan, where a pervasive
1101:(meaning "Leader of the Nation",
1014:2019–present: Honorary Chairman,
13852:
13818:
13731:
13538:
13477:
13456:Ebiri, Bilge (21 October 2020).
13449:
13417:
13391:
13365:
13339:
13319:
13293:
13267:
13253:Assembly of people of Kazakhstan
13241:
13215:
13196:
13166:
13140:
13122:
13104:
13085:
13059:
13033:
13007:
12981:
12955:
12929:
12903:
12877:
12847:
12821:
12803:
12777:
12759:
12721:
12696:
12671:
12645:
12625:
12599:
12573:
12543:
12517:
12498:Sauer, Pjotr (18 January 2022).
12491:
12465:
12377:
12350:
12324:
12297:
12271:
12245:
12219:
12193:
12167:
12121:. 2 October 2020. Archived from
12107:
12081:
12055:
12041:
12015:
11985:
11959:
11929:
11899:
11873:
11847:
11817:
11787:
11748:
11718:
11699:
11673:
11646:
11620:
11594:
11568:
11542:
11487:
11457:
11431:
11405:
11379:
11353:
11327:
11301:
11275:
11249:
11224:
11194:
11182:from the original on 26 May 2019
11164:
11137:
11125:from the original on 10 May 2019
11106:
11084:
11072:from the original on 10 May 2019
11053:
11023:
10992:
10936:
10909:
10883:
10856:
10764:
10738:
10708:
10678:
10594:
10568:
10542:
10511:
10477:
10458:
10433:
10407:
10381:
10351:
10298:
10272:
10246:
10216:
10186:
10177:
10152:
10089:
10063:
10051:from the original on 6 July 2016
10033:
10003:
9902:
9838:"World Press Freedom Index 2014"
9830:
9787:
9754:
9727:
9694:
9664:
9599:
9581:
9543:
9524:
9512:from the original on 13 May 2016
9494:
9482:from the original on 1 July 2016
9464:
9442:
9412:
9389:
9377:
9365:
9353:
9341:
9315:
9289:
9259:
9233:
9221:
9209:
9179:
9120:
9090:
9022:from the original on 29 May 2019
9004:
8976:
8956:
8931:
8917:
8890:
8864:
8844:
8824:
8798:
8714:
8688:
8663:
8632:
8601:
8536:
8505:
8481:Seymour M. Hersh (9 July 2001).
8440:
8381:
8362:
8344:
8314:
8289:
7819:Lillis, Joanna (27 April 2015).
7717:from the original on 5 July 2015
7543:from the original on 17 May 2012
7445:Casey, Michael (11 April 2017).
7165:Kusainov, Aldar (13 June 2003).
7087:from the original on 27 May 2013
6327:Power and change in Central Asia
5933:Pannier, Bruce (11 March 2015).
5653:from the original on 3 June 2016
5483:Qazaq: History of the Golden Man
5398:
5385:
5371:
5358:
5344:
5331:
5317:
5306:
5293:
5278:
5265:
5251:
5238:
5223:
5210:
5196:
5183:
5168:
5155:
5141:
5128:
5114:
5101:
5090:
5077:
5063:
5050:
5037:
5024:
5010:
4997:
4983:
4970:
4955:
4942:
4928:
4915:
4901:
4888:
4874:
4861:
4847:
4834:
4820:
4807:
4793:
4780:
4766:
4753:
4739:
4728:
4715:
4701:
4688:
4674:
4661:
4647:
4634:
4619:
4606:
4592:
4579:
4568:
4555:
4542:
4529:
4515:
4502:
4488:
4475:
4457:
4444:
4433:
4420:
4406:
4395:
4384:
4373:
4362:
4349:
4315:
4304:
4293:
4282:
4255:
4244:
4233:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4155:
4144:
4014:
3879:
3731:2021 Kazakh legislative election
3681:
3589:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
3537:Enthronement of Japanese emperor
3527:, he told the hosting President
3515:and to open his pavilion at the
3396:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
3288:, Nazarbayev met with President
3210:
2928:Kazakhstan's global rank in the
2784:Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty
2217:rare protests around the country
2083:Nazarbayev ran for a fourth term
1923:In January 2002, Prime Minister
1881:as the PM after his predecessor
1805:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
1795:as well. Both the elections for
1693:Sergey Tereshchenko's government
1476:
1325:
1291:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
1046:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
1022:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
995:
960:
928:
13424:Reilly, Dan (22 October 2020).
12226:Taylor, Adam (7 January 2021).
11655:"Назарбаев дәуірі аяқталды ма?"
11037:. 26 March 2019. Archived from
10950:(in Russian). 16 September 2018
10869:Информационная система ПАРАГРАФ
10258:Информационная система ПАРАГРАФ
9606:Preston, Peter (19 July 2009).
9134:. 13 March 2019. Archived from
8966:Greenwood Press, 1999, p. 229.
8812:(in Russian). 26 September 2013
8577:Danny O'Brien (4 August 2015).
8450:Kazakhstan: Unfulfilled Promise
8263:
8245:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
8203:
8177:
8151:
8125:
8099:
8073:
8047:
8021:
7995:
7969:
7943:
7917:
7898:
7864:
7838:
7812:
7785:
7759:
7729:
7699:
7675:Keene, Eli (21 February 2013).
7668:
7642:
7615:
7585:
7555:
7491:
7465:
7438:
7408:
7388:
7362:
7323:
7265:
7239:
7209:
7184:
7158:
7125:
7099:
7060:
7034:
7020:Информационная система ПАРАГРАФ
7008:
6980:
6924:
6898:
6872:
6846:
6813:
6758:
6717:
6687:
6573:
6561:
6530:
6518:
6492:
6480:
6436:
6392:
6348:
6302:
6241:
6152:
6091:
6079:
6067:
6055:
6043:
6018:
5992:
5897:
5871:
5852:
5768:Walker, Shaun (24 April 2015).
5565:
5500:Counter-terrorism in Kazakhstan
5175:Order of the White Double Cross
5148:Order of the Republic of Serbia
4733:Grand Cross with Collar of the
4706:First Class with Collar of the
4331:Postage stamp with Nazarbayev,
4264:
4171:Recipient of the Medal "Astana"
3999:Nursultan Nazarbayev monument,
3323:, Nazarbayev met with Obama in
2763:United Nations General Assembly
2528:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2195:2015–2019: Fifth and final term
2013:Nazarbayev with U.S. President
1941:Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan
1833:and Nazarbayev in November 1997
1487:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1148:dissolution of the Soviet Union
892:
822:Nursultan Äbishulych Nazarbayev
14441:Chairmen of the Turkic Council
13640:Security Council of Kazakhstan
13514:Nazarbayev, Nursultan (1998),
12181:(in Russian). 25 November 2020
11687:(in Russian). 23 November 2021
10161:Russia in Transition, Volume 2
10070:Victor Kotsev (23 June 2023).
8851:Nazarbayev, Nursultan (2000).
8583:Electronic Frontier Foundation
8543:Casey Michel (7 August 2015).
7871:Roth, Andrew (27 April 2015).
7067:Robert D'A. Henderson (2003).
6962:"Background on Nur Otan Party"
6445:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография
6401:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография
6357:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография
6250:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография
6206:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография
6117:Нурсултан НАЗАРБАЕВ. Биография
5826:
5800:
5761:
5735:
5665:
5626:
5600:
5527:
5230:Order of Isabella the Catholic
4825:Grand Cross with Chair of the
3788:congress, Nazarbayev proposed
3631:proposed renaming the capital
3554:. Nazarbayev met with Spanish
3493:2019 Moscow Victory Day Parade
3432:2019 Moscow Victory Day Parade
3319:In September 2015, during the
2899:
2848:
2825:Nazarbayev initially espoused
2338:
1556:Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
1437:, and therefore was away from
1287:2022 constitutional referendum
1092:Security Council of Kazakhstan
1052:Security Council of Kazakhstan
1020:2021–2022: Honorary Chairman,
1009:Central institution membership
232:Security Council of Kazakhstan
1:
13665:Communist Party of Kazakhstan
13484:Roth, Andrew (11 July 2021).
12659:(in Russian). 23 January 2020
12641:(in Russian). 26 August 2018.
12391:(in Russian). 19 January 2022
12207:(in Russian). 10 January 2021
12179:Радио Азаттык (Azattyk Radio)
11913:. 3 July 2020. Archived from
11556:(in Russian). 28 October 2021
10895:Радио Азаттык (Azattyk Radio)
9981:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867
9818:World Report 2015: Kazakhstan
9804:". Reuters. 27 February 2018.
9322:Stephen Blank (17 May 2023).
8608:Holley, David (19 May 2007).
8428:(in Russian). 21 October 2021
7498:Witt, Daniel (11 June 2011).
7330:Holley, David (19 May 2007).
6765:Mishra, Mukesh Kumar (2009).
5612:Organization of Turkic States
5588:
5444:: The capital of Kazakhstan,
5043:Supreme Order of Turkic World
5032:Organization of Turkic States
4744:Commander Grand Cross of the
4138:
3915:. They have three daughters:
3735:While continuing to lead the
3702:and former Turkish President
3503:. On 7 September, he visited
3457:and Hungarian Prime Minister
3253:which obliged to develop the
3139:Atasu-Alashankou oil pipeline
2664:
2588:financial crisis of 2007–2008
2576:1998 Russian financial crisis
2222:Kazakhstan People's Unity Day
1620:, taking Kazakhstan into the
1583:attempted coup in August 1991
1521:Communist Party of Kazakhstan
1349:secondary or tertiary sources
1132:Communist Party of Kazakhstan
1097:He held the special title of
1084:Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev
1016:Organization of Turkic States
545:Organization of Turkic States
28:Eastern Slavic naming customs
13920:Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
12735:(in Russian). 8 January 2021
12420:(in Russian). 8 January 2022
10348:. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
10312:(in Russian). 19 August 2007
8989:Eurasian Economic Commission
8786:(in Russian). 8 January 2017
8675:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
8512:Peter Baker (11 June 2002).
8447:Martha Brill Olcott (2010).
7299:"Kazakhstan appoints new PM"
7223:(in Russian). Archived from
7112:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
6858:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
5749:(in Russian). 5 January 2022
5561:Нурсултан Абишевич Назарбаев
5228:Knight of the Collar of the
5121:Order of the Star of Romania
4746:Order of the Lion of Finland
4654:Grand Order of King Tomislav
4300:Order of the Badge of Honour
4025:biography of a living person
3610:On 23 November 2021, at the
3282:2012 Nuclear Security Summit
2966:2012 Nuclear Security Summit
2881:including opposition leader
2782:, Nazarbayev called for the
2501:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
2228:would happen. In June 2016,
1509:Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
1179:presidential term referendum
1026:2019–2023: Honorary Member,
7:
14416:Nursultan Nazarbayev family
13972:Mukhamedkhafiy Murzagaliyev
11530:(in Russian). 28 April 2021
11501:(in Russian). 28 April 2021
10999:Hess, Max (22 March 2019).
10897:(in Russian). 6 August 2016
10582:(in Russian). 26 March 2012
10388:Keinon, Herb (2 May 2019).
9923:10.1007/978-981-13-6693-2_5
7852:(in Russian). 27 April 2015
5543:Nūrsūltan Äbışūly Nazarbaev
5542:
5538:Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев
5488:
5457:Nazarbayev is portrayed by
4962:Order of Vytautas the Great
4052:must be removed immediately
3931:, the eldest son of former
3766:2020 presidential elections
3744:under the age of 35 in its
3719:National Defense University
3645:
3605:Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
3587:At the 29th Session of the
3187:Israel–Kazakhstan relations
3169:to Iran with access to the
3095:conducted a state visit to
3049:to Kazakhstan based on the
2964:Nazarbayev (center) at the
2833:heritage by performing the
2793:
2572:1997 Asian financial crisis
2564:National Bank of Kazakhstan
2265:National Security Committee
2150:Presidential Administration
1929:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1914:National Security Committee
1614:first presidential election
1607:Premier of the Soviet Union
1537:1965 Soviet economic reform
10:
14657:
11861:(in Russian). 25 June 2021
10844:(in Russian). 2 March 2020
7073:. Brassey's. p. 272.
6783:10.1177/097492840906500306
6743:10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.018
6324:Sally N. Cummings (2002).
4881:Order of the Chrysanthemum
3990:
3913:Sara Alpysqyzy Nazarbayeva
3814:
3741:2021 legislative elections
3728:
3214:
3184:
3149:
3118:China–Kazakhstan relations
3115:
2872:Human rights in Kazakhstan
2869:
2761:Nazarbayev encouraged the
2668:
2542:
2201:2015 presidential election
1945:Tasmagambetov's government
1839:Constitution of Kazakhstan
1777:1994 legislative elections
1523:. During that period, the
1480:
1283:snap presidential election
1256:2007–2008 financial crisis
1187:Constitution of Kazakhstan
26:In this name that follows
25:
18:
14431:People from Almaty Region
14224:
14100:
14010:
13989:
13951:
13926:
13851:
13817:
13730:
13690:
13685:Links to related articles
13661:
13653:
13648:
13636:
13626:
13617:
13612:
13602:
13593:
13585:
13575:
13566:
13558:
13553:
13325:Slovak republic website,
12095:(in Russian). 4 June 2020
12069:(in Russian). 3 July 2020
10772:"Partners for Prosperity"
9842:Reporters Without Borders
9827:. Retrieved October 2015.
9424:Nuclear Threat Initiative
9044:. EdgeKZ. 18 April 2013.
8831:Gleason, Gregory (2004).
8739:10.1080/09668130500199467
8721:Pomfret, Richard (2005).
6669:Buyers, Lydia M. (2003).
6580:Cook, Bernard A. (2001).
5661:– via Google Books.
5560:
5537:
4773:Order of Legion of Honour
4495:Amir Amanullah Khan Award
4380:Order of Alexander Nevsky
4275:Moscow Victory Day Parade
4151:Order of the Golden Eagle
3911:Nazarbayev is married to
3725:2021 legislative campaign
3698:, former Tatar President
3507:once again to attend the
3365:
3180:
3152:Kazakhstan–Iran relations
2894:Reporters Without Borders
2890:World Press Freedom Index
2434:Allegations of corruption
2124:meeting in Moscow, Russia
2034:were held from which the
1747:Tereshchenko's government
1683:, held demonstrations in
1183:constitutional referendum
1077:
1005:
991:
983:
973:
955:
950:
936:
924:
906:
877:
859:
848:
817:
812:
808:
792:
780:
762:
751:
744:
734:
722:
711:
704:
694:
684:
674:
663:
656:
640:
628:
608:
597:
586:
582:
578:
568:
564:
557:25 April 2019 –
550:
543:Honorary Chairman of the
542:
530:
518:
507:
500:Honorary Chairman of the
499:
487:
475:
464:
456:
444:
432:
360:
325:
290:
279:
272:
260:
248:
237:
229:
217:
201:
188:
104:
93:
85:
81:
69:
60:
53:
14556:Kazakhstani nationalists
14476:Presidents of Kazakhstan
13649:Party political offices
12633:
10159:Columbus, Frank (2003).
9880:"Rule of Law Index 2015"
9241:"NTI Kazakhstan Profile"
8369:Ruptly (20 March 2019).
5520:
5510:List of national leaders
5505:Government of Kazakhstan
5409:
5203:Grand Order of Mugunghwa
5070:Order of the White Eagle
4935:Order of the Three Stars
3519:. During a visit to the
3374:paid a visit to capital
3341:World Trade Organization
3225:U.S. Secretary of State
3111:
3051:Non-Proliferation Treaty
2934:Kazakhstan's global rank
2767:Non-Proliferation Treaty
2659:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy
2651:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy
2642:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy
2509:Parliament of Kazakhstan
2157:Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy
2146:Äkim of Karaganda Region
2027:constitutional amendment
2023:Parliament of Kazakhstan
1975:On 4 December 2005, new
1745:backed down, dismissing
1389:was one of the republics
1235:World Trade Organization
1144:1991 coup d'état attempt
1059:1986–1990: Full member,
61:
14481:National anthem writers
13771:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
13620:President of Kazakhstan
9823:28 October 2016 at the
9593:4 February 2009 at the
9536:7 November 2017 at the
8905:. Eurasia Daily Monitor
7800:. Eurasia Daily Monitor
7630:. Eurasia Daily Monitor
7398:Nations in Transit 2011
5258:Order of Ismoili Somoni
3958:, reportedly died from
3933:President of Kyrgyzstan
3688:Day of the Capital City
3202:Israeli Prime Minister
3145:
2756:fund over $ 800 million
2740:Semipalatinsk Test Site
2632:Moscow State University
2602:Eurasian Economic Union
2498:Prime Minister of Spain
2412:President of Tajikistan
2396:President of Azerbaijan
2388:Eurasian Economic Union
2230:armed attacks in Aktobe
2120:Nazarbayev at the 2012
1953:motion of no confidence
1740:against Prime Minister
1571:President of Kazakhstan
1379:Nazarbayev was born in
1275:anti-government rallies
1243:Semipalatinsk Test Site
1227:Eurasian Economic Union
1088:President of Kazakhstan
88:President of Kazakhstan
14136:Imangali Tasmagambetov
14112:
14022:
13967:Viktor Radus-Zenkovich
13963:
13938:
8780:""Черный" понедельник"
7304:Television New Zealand
6537:James Minahan (1998).
5515:Politics of Kazakhstan
5017:Order of Saint-Charles
4990:Order of the Oak Crown
4339:
4278:
4135:
4067:"Nursultan Nazarbayev"
4039:Please help by adding
4007:
3908:
3758:
3577:
3434:
3316:
3234:
3088:
2977:
2926:
2919:
2807:
2654:
2627:
2504:
2447:
2369:Constitutional Council
2256:
2133:
2125:
2094:
2078:
2069:2011–2015: Fourth term
2018:
1977:presidential elections
1969:Constitutional Council
1937:Imangali Tasmagambetov
1897:
1834:
1822:1999–2006: Second term
1799:(lower house) and the
1761:
1649:
1628:Presidency (1990–2019)
1504:
1336:relies excessively on
1311:Constitutional Council
1309:and the member of the
1195:Constitutional Council
147:Imangali Tasmagambetov
14364:Dzhumgalbek Amanbayev
14161:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev
14131:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
14111:
14072:Masymkhan Beysembayev
14062:Masymkhan Beysembayev
14021:
13962:
13937:
13878:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
13843:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
13766:Zhumabay Shayakhmetov
13724:Leaders of Kazakhstan
13630:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
13332:13 April 2016 at the
13208:19 April 2014 at the
13203:Lithuanian Presidency
13118:on 27 September 2020.
11711:21 March 2019 at the
10365:. 12 September 2007.
10096:Cohen, Ariel (2008).
10017:. 21 September 2016.
9884:World Justice Project
9454:27 March 2014 at the
8962:Alexandrov, Mikhail.
7422:. 23 September 2016.
7395:Dave, Bhavna (2011).
4800:Order of the Redeemer
4330:
4272:
4133:
3998:
3906:
3827:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
3754:
3661:Abdullah II of Jordan
3629:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
3593:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
3575:
3425:
3350:U.S. President-elect
3306:
3224:
3104:to meet Crown Prince
3066:
2963:
2938:World Justice Project
2930:World Justice Project
2921:
2910:
2801:
2773:on 8 September 2006.
2649:
2617:
2545:Economy of Kazakhstan
2481:
2441:
2354:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
2325:, in an interview to
2323:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
2269:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev
2246:
2189:Massimov's government
2131:
2119:
2090:
2076:
2032:legislative elections
2012:
1963:2006–2011: Third term
1925:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
1900:Nazarbayev appointed
1895:
1879:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
1875:legislative elections
1829:
1785:April 1995 referendum
1759:
1738:vote of no confidence
1658:Sagadat Nurmagambetov
1640:
1633:1991–1999: First term
1498:
1317:Early life and career
1279:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
1277:and was succeeded by
1126:of the Kazakh SSR by
1103:Kazakh pronunciation:
1050:1991–2022: Chairman,
1044:1995–2021: Chairman,
1038:1999–2022: Chairman,
984:Years of service
494:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
451:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
411:Mukhtar Kul-Mukhammed
396:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev
376:Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov
314:Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov
267:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
224:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
172:Bakhytzhan Sagintayev
142:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
14616:Soviet metallurgists
14546:Heroes of Kazakhstan
14486:Nur Otan politicians
14401:Nursultan Nazarbayev
14289:Nursultan Nazarbayev
14239:Mykolas Burokevičius
14082:Nursultan Nazarbayev
13873:Nursultan Nazarbayev
13838:Nursultan Nazarbayev
13809:Nursultan Nazarbayev
13547:at Wikimedia Commons
13545:Nursultan Nazarbayev
13518:, Pilkington Press,
13136:on 15 November 2009.
11762:. 14 September 2022.
11208:. 7 September 2019.
10948:«Каспийский вестник»
10863:ТЕМИРГАЛИЕВ, Радик.
9678:. 12 November 2012.
9460:The Washington Times
9406:10 July 2015 at the
7569:. 15 December 2016.
5438:was named after him.
5426:World Turks Qurultai
5339:United Arab Emirates
4879:Grand Cordon of the
4679:Grand Cordon of the
4597:Grand Cordon of the
4045:Contentious material
3859:United Arab Emirates
3823:outbreak of protests
3774:Alexander Lukashenko
3694:, Russian President
3665:President of Croatia
3601:United Arab Emirates
3511:celebrations on the
3408:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
3394:In the aftermath of
3102:United Arab Emirates
2779:The Washington Times
2698:Environmental issues
2636:Aleksandr Lukashenko
2592:Eurasian Land Bridge
2491:President of Finland
2428:Konstantin Chernenko
2404:President of Belarus
2400:Alexander Lukashenko
2021:On 18 May 2007, the
1902:Altynbek Sarsenbayev
1852:Serikbolsyn Abdildin
1717:legislative election
1703:on executive power.
1689:coalition government
1383:, a rural town near
1307:Senate of Kazakhstan
1155:authoritarian regime
1153:Nazarbayev ruled an
1028:Senate of Kazakhstan
274:Chairman of Nur Otan
55:Nursultan Nazarbayev
21:Nazarbayev (surname)
14451:Critics of Islamism
14254:Alexander Dzasokhov
14121:Akezhan Kazhegeldin
14116:Sergey Tereshchenko
14092:Sergey Tereshchenko
14047:Dinmukhamed Kunayev
13943:Alikhan Bukeikhanov
13281:on 13 November 2015
13097:13 May 2019 at the
12232:The Washington Post
11475:on 11 December 2019
11337:. 22 October 2019.
11285:. 22 October 2019.
11206:President of Russia
10200:. 19 January 2019.
10134:untermportal.un.org
10076:Petroleum Economist
9969:Europe-Asia Studies
9848:on 14 February 2014
9800:25 May 2018 at the
9247:on 24 February 2016
8727:Europe-Asia Studies
8165:. 10 September 2017
8035:. 13 September 2016
7911:9 July 2015 at the
7743:. 7 February 2014.
7711:The Washington Post
7404:. pp. 269–270.
7196:cis-legislation.com
6827:. 11 October 1997.
5865:The Washington Post
5481:documentary titled
5422:is named after him.
5322:First Class of the
5283:First Class of the
5173:First Class of the
5146:First Class of the
5015:Grand Cross of the
4988:Grand Cross of the
4960:Grand Cross of the
4798:Grand Cross of the
4771:Grand Cross of the
4652:Grand Cross of the
4626:Order of Friendship
4548:Heydar Aliyev Order
3770:Belarusian protests
3489:Belt and Road Forum
3251:Chevron Corporation
3159:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
3043:non-aggression pact
3027:nuclear disarmament
2866:Human rights record
2730:Nuclear disarmament
2484:President of Russia
2306:and leaders of the
2220:1 May 2016, at the
2100:, described by the
2048:electoral threshold
1867:Sergey Tereshchenko
1812:Akezhan Kazhegeldin
1751:Akezhan Kazhegeldin
1742:Sergey Tereshchenko
1669:Serikbolsyn Abdilin
1654:Ministry of Defense
1264:Russo-Ukrainian War
1239:nuclear disarmament
1163:human rights abuses
1161:surrounded him, as
1159:cult of personality
1094:from 1991 to 2022.
1032:2019–2023: Member,
615:Sergey Tereshchenko
381:Adilbek Zhaksybekov
350:Amangeldı Ermegiaev
341:Zharmakhan Tuyakbay
310:Amangeldı Ermegiaev
306:Sergey Tereshchenko
132:Akezhan Kazhegeldin
127:Sergey Tereshchenko
63:Нұрсұлтан Назарбаев
14294:Saparmyrat Nyýazow
14279:Vladimir Movsisyan
14126:Nurlan Balgimbayev
14113:
14067:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
14023:
13964:
13939:
13799:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
13789:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
13589:Kilibay Medeubekov
13554:Political offices
13405:on 5 November 2017
13353:on 7 November 2017
12891:on 29 October 2013
12865:on 29 January 2021
12817:. 20 January 2023.
12587:on 29 October 2019
12125:on 28 October 2020
11634:. 23 November 2021
11608:. 23 November 2021
11419:on 29 October 2019
11393:on 29 October 2019
11367:on 23 October 2019
11263:on 23 October 2019
11113:Matthew Luxmoore.
10490:The New York Times
10394:The Jerusalem Post
9814:Human Rights Watch
9138:on 28 October 2020
9108:on 28 October 2020
8873:"Kazakhstan at 20"
8483:"The Price of oil"
8061:. 23 November 2016
8009:. 9 September 2016
7877:The New York Times
7655:The World from PRX
7253:. 10 November 2006
6825:The New York Times
5976:The New York Times
5453:In popular culture
4520:Grand Star of the
4343:Russian Federation
4340:
4279:
4136:
4023:This section of a
4008:
3909:
3831:state of emergency
3817:2022 Kazakh unrest
3782:Bulgarian protests
3772:against President
3663:as well as former
3578:
3576:Nazarbayev in 2021
3544:Volodymyr Zelensky
3435:
3317:
3235:
3229:and Nazarbayev in
3204:Benjamin Netanyahu
3106:Mohammed bin Zayed
3093:Emmerson Mnangagwa
3089:
2978:
2920:
2878:Human Rights Watch
2808:
2690:Digital Kazakhstan
2655:
2628:
2505:
2448:
2380:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
2314:which was held in
2304:Felipe VI of Spain
2257:
2253:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
2142:Massimov's cabinet
2134:
2126:
2096:In December 2011,
2079:
2019:
1967:In June 2000, the
1898:
1883:Nurlan Balgimbayev
1835:
1816:Nurlan Balgimbayev
1762:
1730:political factions
1650:
1513:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
1505:
1503:, 21 December 1991
1387:, when Kazakhstan
1128:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
1107:[jelˈbasɯ]
772:Zakash Kamaledinov
690:Kilibay Medeubekov
635:Office established
525:Office established
502:Assembly of People
482:Office established
459:Assembly of People
439:Office established
406:Askar Myrzakhmetov
255:Office established
208:Office established
137:Nurlan Balgimbayev
76:Nazarbayev in 2021
14388:
14387:
14382:
14381:
14269:Absamat Masaliyev
14249:Stanislav Hurenko
14229:Mikhail Gorbachev
14183:
14182:
14087:Uzakbay Karamanov
14052:Zhumabek Tashenev
13886:
13885:
13756:Nikolay Skvortsov
13678:
13677:
13627:Succeeded by
13603:Succeeded by
13579:Uzaqbay Qaramanov
13576:Succeeded by
13543:Media related to
13255:. 15 October 2019
12453:. 18 January 2022
11732:. 20 March 2019.
11582:. 29 October 2021
10976:. 11 April 2019.
10865:"Казахская родня"
10776:The Business Year
10722:. December 2016.
10445:history.state.gov
10230:. 14 March 2019.
10198:The Zimbabwe Mail
10140:on 19 August 2022
10112:978-91-85937-36-3
9932:978-981-13-6693-2
8972:978-0-313-30965-6
8614:Los Angeles Times
8460:978-0-87003-299-8
8247:. 19 March 2019.
7336:Los Angeles Times
7080:978-1-57488-550-7
6618:978-0-521-45895-5
6550:978-0-313-30610-5
6458:978-601-7259-37-2
6414:978-601-7259-37-2
6370:978-601-7259-37-2
6337:978-0-415-25585-1
6263:978-601-7259-37-2
6219:978-601-7259-37-2
6130:978-601-7259-37-2
5719:. 19 March 2019.
5477:in an eight-part
5287:(22 October 2009)
5256:Recipient of the
5201:Recipient of the
4681:Order of the Nile
4624:Recipient of the
4493:Recipient of the
4411:Recipient of the
4400:Recipient of the
4389:Recipient of the
4378:Recipient of the
4320:Recipient of the
4309:Recipient of the
4298:Recipient of the
4287:Recipient of the
4249:Recipient of the
4238:Recipient of the
4227:Recipient of the
4128:
4127:
4120:
4102:
4028:needs additional
3700:Mintimer Shaimiev
3652:pandemic COVID-19
3315:, 16 January 2018
3243:George H. W. Bush
3233:, 2 November 2015
2744:Olzhas Suleimenov
2708:Amazon rainforest
2626:, on 29 May 2014)
2615:
2507:In May 2007, the
2234:colour revolution
1996:political shakeup
1863:Founding Congress
1691:, resignation of
1618:Alma-Ata Protocol
1591:Mikhail Gorbachev
1587:Soviet hardliners
1529:Mikhail Gorbachev
1501:Alma-Ata Protocol
1491:Alma-Ata Protocol
1377:
1376:
1369:
1268:Kazakhstani tenge
1081:
1080:
1001:Supreme Commander
804:
803:
799:Uzakbay Karamanov
679:Uzakbay Karamanov
391:Nurlan Nigmatulin
122:Uzakbay Karamanov
14648:
14349:Anatoly Malafeev
14319:Enn-Arno Sillari
14234:Vladimir Ivashko
14210:
14203:
14196:
14187:
14186:
14141:Daniyal Akhmetov
14037:Nurtas Undasynov
14032:Ibragim Tazhiyev
13913:
13906:
13899:
13890:
13889:
13864:Security Council
13861:(Chairman of the
13856:
13822:
13735:
13717:
13710:
13703:
13694:
13693:
13681:
13680:
13673:Party dissolved
13654:Preceded by
13638:Chairman of the
13586:Preceded by
13559:Preceded by
13551:
13550:
13542:
13528:
13501:
13500:
13498:
13496:
13481:
13475:
13474:
13472:
13470:
13453:
13447:
13446:
13444:
13442:
13421:
13415:
13414:
13412:
13410:
13395:
13389:
13388:
13386:
13384:
13369:
13363:
13362:
13360:
13358:
13349:. Archived from
13343:
13337:
13323:
13317:
13316:
13314:
13312:
13297:
13291:
13290:
13288:
13286:
13277:. Archived from
13271:
13265:
13264:
13262:
13260:
13245:
13239:
13238:
13236:
13234:
13229:on 8 August 2019
13225:. Archived from
13219:
13213:
13200:
13194:
13193:
13191:
13189:
13170:
13164:
13163:
13161:
13159:
13150:. Archived from
13144:
13138:
13137:
13126:
13120:
13119:
13108:
13102:
13089:
13083:
13082:
13080:
13078:
13063:
13057:
13056:
13054:
13052:
13047:on 8 August 2019
13043:. Archived from
13037:
13031:
13030:
13028:
13026:
13017:. Archived from
13011:
13005:
13004:
13002:
13000:
12985:
12979:
12978:
12976:
12974:
12959:
12953:
12952:
12950:
12948:
12933:
12927:
12926:
12924:
12922:
12907:
12901:
12900:
12898:
12896:
12887:. Archived from
12881:
12875:
12874:
12872:
12870:
12861:. Archived from
12851:
12845:
12844:
12842:
12840:
12825:
12819:
12818:
12807:
12801:
12800:
12798:
12796:
12781:
12775:
12774:
12771:The Astana Times
12763:
12757:
12751:
12745:
12744:
12742:
12740:
12725:
12719:
12718:
12716:
12714:
12700:
12694:
12693:
12691:
12689:
12675:
12669:
12668:
12666:
12664:
12649:
12643:
12642:
12629:
12623:
12622:
12620:
12618:
12609:. Archived from
12603:
12597:
12596:
12594:
12592:
12583:. Archived from
12577:
12571:
12570:
12568:
12566:
12547:
12541:
12540:
12538:
12536:
12530:The Astana Times
12521:
12515:
12514:
12512:
12510:
12504:The Moscow Times
12495:
12489:
12488:
12486:
12484:
12469:
12463:
12462:
12460:
12458:
12443:
12430:
12429:
12427:
12425:
12410:
12401:
12400:
12398:
12396:
12381:
12375:
12374:
12372:
12370:
12354:
12348:
12347:
12345:
12343:
12328:
12322:
12321:
12319:
12317:
12301:
12295:
12294:
12292:
12290:
12275:
12269:
12268:
12266:
12264:
12259:. 5 January 2022
12249:
12243:
12242:
12240:
12238:
12223:
12217:
12216:
12214:
12212:
12197:
12191:
12190:
12188:
12186:
12171:
12165:
12164:
12162:
12160:
12144:
12135:
12134:
12132:
12130:
12111:
12105:
12104:
12102:
12100:
12085:
12079:
12078:
12076:
12074:
12059:
12053:
12052:
12045:
12039:
12038:
12036:
12034:
12028:The Astana Times
12019:
12013:
12012:
12010:
12008:
11999:. Archived from
11989:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11978:
11972:The Astana Times
11963:
11957:
11956:
11954:
11952:
11933:
11927:
11926:
11924:
11922:
11903:
11897:
11896:
11894:
11892:
11877:
11871:
11870:
11868:
11866:
11851:
11845:
11844:
11842:
11840:
11831:. Archived from
11821:
11815:
11814:
11812:
11810:
11801:. Archived from
11791:
11785:
11784:
11781:The Astana Times
11773:
11764:
11763:
11752:
11746:
11745:
11743:
11741:
11722:
11716:
11703:
11697:
11696:
11694:
11692:
11677:
11671:
11670:
11668:
11666:
11650:
11644:
11643:
11641:
11639:
11624:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11613:
11598:
11592:
11591:
11589:
11587:
11572:
11566:
11565:
11563:
11561:
11546:
11540:
11539:
11537:
11535:
11520:
11511:
11510:
11508:
11506:
11491:
11485:
11484:
11482:
11480:
11471:. Archived from
11461:
11455:
11454:
11452:
11450:
11435:
11429:
11428:
11426:
11424:
11415:. Archived from
11409:
11403:
11402:
11400:
11398:
11389:. Archived from
11383:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11372:
11363:. Archived from
11357:
11351:
11350:
11348:
11346:
11331:
11325:
11324:
11322:
11320:
11305:
11299:
11298:
11296:
11294:
11279:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11268:
11259:. Archived from
11253:
11247:
11246:
11244:
11242:
11228:
11222:
11221:
11219:
11217:
11198:
11192:
11191:
11189:
11187:
11168:
11162:
11161:
11159:
11157:
11141:
11135:
11134:
11132:
11130:
11110:
11104:
11103:
11101:
11099:
11088:
11082:
11081:
11079:
11077:
11057:
11051:
11050:
11048:
11046:
11041:on 31 March 2019
11035:The Astana Times
11027:
11021:
11020:
11018:
11016:
11011:on 26 March 2019
11007:. Archived from
11005:The Moscow Times
10996:
10990:
10989:
10987:
10985:
10966:
10960:
10959:
10957:
10955:
10940:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10929:
10913:
10907:
10906:
10904:
10902:
10887:
10881:
10880:
10878:
10876:
10860:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10849:
10834:
10823:
10822:
10820:
10818:
10812:The Astana Times
10803:
10792:
10791:
10789:
10787:
10778:. Archived from
10768:
10762:
10761:
10759:
10757:
10742:
10736:
10735:
10733:
10731:
10712:
10706:
10705:
10703:
10701:
10682:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10671:
10665:The Astana Times
10656:
10647:
10646:
10644:
10642:
10636:The Astana Times
10627:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10613:
10598:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10587:
10572:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10561:
10546:
10540:
10539:
10537:
10535:
10515:
10509:
10508:
10506:
10504:
10481:
10475:
10474:
10472:
10462:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10451:
10437:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10426:
10411:
10405:
10404:
10402:
10400:
10385:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10374:
10355:
10349:
10347:
10345:
10343:
10334:. Archived from
10328:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10317:
10302:
10296:
10295:
10293:
10291:
10276:
10270:
10269:
10267:
10265:
10250:
10244:
10243:
10241:
10239:
10220:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10209:
10190:
10184:
10181:
10175:
10174:
10156:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10145:
10136:. Archived from
10126:
10117:
10116:
10104:
10093:
10087:
10086:
10084:
10082:
10067:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10037:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10026:
10007:
10001:
10000:
9960:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9947:
9906:
9900:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9876:
9870:
9864:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9853:
9844:. Archived from
9834:
9828:
9811:
9805:
9791:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9780:
9768:The New Republic
9758:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9747:
9731:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9720:
9698:
9692:
9691:
9689:
9687:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9657:
9637:
9628:
9627:
9625:
9623:
9603:
9597:
9585:
9579:
9576:
9567:
9566:
9564:
9562:
9556:The Astana Times
9547:
9541:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9517:
9508:. 5 April 2016.
9498:
9492:
9491:
9489:
9487:
9468:
9462:
9446:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9416:
9410:
9393:
9387:
9381:
9375:
9369:
9363:
9357:
9351:
9345:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9334:
9319:
9313:
9312:
9310:
9308:
9293:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9282:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9252:
9237:
9231:
9225:
9219:
9213:
9207:
9206:
9204:
9202:
9191:The Astana Times
9183:
9177:
9176:
9174:
9172:
9166:The Astana Times
9157:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9124:
9118:
9117:
9115:
9113:
9104:. Archived from
9102:primeminister.kz
9094:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9072:The Astana Times
9064:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9038:
9032:
9031:
9029:
9027:
9008:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8997:
8980:
8974:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8935:
8929:
8921:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8910:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8883:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8848:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8802:
8796:
8795:
8793:
8791:
8776:
8767:
8766:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8692:
8686:
8685:
8683:
8681:
8667:
8661:
8660:
8658:
8656:
8647:. Archived from
8645:The Astana Times
8636:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8625:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8574:
8565:
8564:
8562:
8560:
8540:
8534:
8533:
8531:
8529:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8498:
8478:
8469:
8468:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8418:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8404:
8399:on 21 March 2019
8395:. Archived from
8385:
8379:
8378:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8358:. 19 March 2019.
8348:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8337:
8332:on 20 March 2019
8328:. Archived from
8318:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8267:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8256:
8237:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8223:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8196:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8170:
8155:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8144:
8129:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8118:
8103:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8086:The Astana Times
8077:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8014:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7988:
7982:The Astana Times
7973:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7962:
7947:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7936:
7921:
7915:
7902:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7891:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7842:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7831:
7816:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7778:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7733:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7692:
7672:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7559:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7529:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7442:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7412:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7392:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7381:
7376:. 19 August 2007
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7269:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7258:
7243:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7227:on 23 March 2018
7213:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7188:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7162:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7151:
7139:. 26 June 2003.
7129:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7048:. 1 October 1999
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7012:
7006:
7005:
6999:
6991:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6958:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6876:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6860:. 9 October 1997
6850:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6817:
6811:
6810:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6745:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6705:on 17 March 2015
6701:. Archived from
6691:
6685:
6684:
6666:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6638:
6627:
6626:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6577:
6571:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6534:
6528:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6467:
6461:. Archived from
6450:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6423:
6417:. Archived from
6406:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6379:
6373:. Archived from
6362:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6321:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6272:
6266:. Archived from
6255:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6228:
6222:. Archived from
6211:
6201:
6192:
6186:
6177:
6171:
6162:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6139:
6133:. Archived from
6122:
6112:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5982:
5967:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5950:
5930:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5709:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5688:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5604:
5582:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5531:
5402:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5375:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5348:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5321:
5313:Order of Liberty
5310:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5282:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5255:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5227:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5200:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5172:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5145:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5118:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5094:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5067:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5041:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5014:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4987:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4959:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4932:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4905:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4878:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4851:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4824:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4797:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4770:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4743:
4732:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4705:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4678:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4651:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4623:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4599:Order of Leopold
4596:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4546:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4519:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4492:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4461:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4410:
4399:
4388:
4377:
4366:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4319:
4308:
4297:
4286:
4259:
4248:
4237:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4159:
4148:
4123:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4060:
4041:reliable sources
4018:
4017:
4010:
3950:and understands
3890:Abai Qunanbaiuly
3843:Security Council
3835:Mangystau Region
3706:. Former Deputy
3692:Armen Sarkissian
3623:Capital renaming
3548:election victory
3497:Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu
3446:The Moscow Times
3356:Washington, D.C.
3067:Nazarbayev with
2752:Project Sapphire
2710:." He called on
2684:Beibut Atamkulov
2616:
2520:Security Council
2482:Nazarbayev with
2473:Irina Petrushova
2442:Nazarbayev with
2321:Senate Chairman
2247:Nazarbayev with
2183:and reappointed
2044:two-party system
2000:Daniyal Akhmetov
1957:Daniyal Akhmetov
1906:Security Council
1697:executive branch
1681:Republican Party
1599:New Union Treaty
1444:Sara Nazarbayeva
1435:Dniprodzerzhynsk
1420:Abai Qunanbaiuly
1416:Russian language
1401:collectivization
1372:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1329:
1321:
1299:Security Council
1109:
1104:
999:
966:
964:
963:
951:Military service
946:
943:
932:
900:
898:
894:
835:
831:
829:
813:Personal details
795:
783:
776:Makhtay Sagdiyev
770:Salamay Mukashev
756:
740:Office abolished
737:
725:
716:
697:
687:
668:
652:
647:Office abolished
643:
631:
611:
602:
566:
565:
555:
537:Office abolished
533:
521:
512:
490:
478:
469:
457:Chairman of the
447:
435:
346:Aleksandr Pavlov
284:
263:
251:
242:
230:Chairman of the
220:
213:
204:
191:
152:Daniyal Akhmetov
107:
98:
74:
64:
51:
50:
14656:
14655:
14651:
14650:
14649:
14647:
14646:
14645:
14391:
14390:
14389:
14384:
14383:
14378:
14369:Gregory Yeremey
14354:Stepan Pogosyan
14344:Gennady Yanayev
14314:Galina Semenova
14284:Ayaz Mutallibov
14274:Qahhor Mahkamov
14264:Petru Lucinschi
14244:Givi Gumbaridze
14220:
14214:
14184:
14179:
14171:Älihan Smaiylov
14096:
14057:Salken Daulenov
14042:Elubay Taibekov
14006:
13998:Nygmet Nurmakov
13985:
13982:Nygmet Nurmakov
13977:Saken Seyfullin
13947:
13922:
13917:
13887:
13882:
13862:
13860:
13847:
13826:
13813:
13784:Nikolai Belyaev
13776:Leonid Brezhnev
13742:First Secretary
13739:
13726:
13721:
13686:
13668:
13659:
13643:
13632:
13623:
13608:
13606:Yerik Asanbayev
13599:
13591:
13581:
13572:
13564:
13535:
13526:
13505:
13504:
13494:
13492:
13482:
13478:
13468:
13466:
13454:
13450:
13440:
13438:
13422:
13418:
13408:
13406:
13397:
13396:
13392:
13382:
13380:
13371:
13370:
13366:
13356:
13354:
13345:
13344:
13340:
13334:Wayback Machine
13324:
13320:
13310:
13308:
13299:
13298:
13294:
13284:
13282:
13273:
13272:
13268:
13258:
13256:
13247:
13246:
13242:
13232:
13230:
13221:
13220:
13216:
13210:Wayback Machine
13201:
13197:
13187:
13185:
13172:
13171:
13167:
13157:
13155:
13154:on 16 July 2012
13146:
13145:
13141:
13128:
13127:
13123:
13110:
13109:
13105:
13099:Wayback Machine
13090:
13086:
13076:
13074:
13065:
13064:
13060:
13050:
13048:
13039:
13038:
13034:
13024:
13022:
13021:on 6 March 2019
13013:
13012:
13008:
12998:
12996:
12987:
12986:
12982:
12972:
12970:
12961:
12960:
12956:
12946:
12944:
12935:
12934:
12930:
12920:
12918:
12909:
12908:
12904:
12894:
12892:
12883:
12882:
12878:
12868:
12866:
12853:
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12697:
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12677:
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12651:
12650:
12646:
12639:Рамблер/новости
12635:
12631:
12630:
12626:
12616:
12614:
12613:on 9 April 2016
12605:
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11991:
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11890:
11888:
11879:
11878:
11874:
11864:
11862:
11859:lenta.inform.kz
11853:
11852:
11848:
11838:
11836:
11823:
11822:
11818:
11808:
11806:
11793:
11792:
11788:
11783:. 27 June 2020.
11775:
11774:
11767:
11754:
11753:
11749:
11739:
11737:
11724:
11723:
11719:
11715:, 20 March 2019
11713:Wayback Machine
11704:
11700:
11690:
11688:
11679:
11678:
11674:
11664:
11662:
11659:Азаттық радиосы
11651:
11647:
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11635:
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11318:
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11292:
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11255:
11254:
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11240:
11238:
11236:en.president.az
11230:
11229:
11225:
11215:
11213:
11200:
11199:
11195:
11185:
11183:
11178:. 24 May 2019.
11170:
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10804:
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10783:
10770:
10769:
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10755:
10753:
10743:
10739:
10729:
10727:
10714:
10713:
10709:
10699:
10697:
10684:
10683:
10679:
10669:
10667:
10657:
10650:
10640:
10638:
10628:
10621:
10611:
10609:
10599:
10595:
10585:
10583:
10574:
10573:
10569:
10559:
10557:
10556:. 26 March 2012
10548:
10547:
10543:
10533:
10531:
10516:
10512:
10502:
10500:
10482:
10478:
10470:
10464:
10463:
10459:
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10447:
10439:
10438:
10434:
10424:
10422:
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10412:
10408:
10398:
10396:
10386:
10382:
10372:
10370:
10357:
10356:
10352:
10341:
10339:
10338:on 8 March 2008
10330:
10329:
10325:
10315:
10313:
10304:
10303:
10299:
10289:
10287:
10278:
10277:
10273:
10263:
10261:
10252:
10251:
10247:
10237:
10235:
10222:
10221:
10217:
10207:
10205:
10192:
10191:
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10178:
10171:
10157:
10153:
10143:
10141:
10128:
10127:
10120:
10113:
10102:
10094:
10090:
10080:
10078:
10068:
10064:
10054:
10052:
10047:. 5 July 2016.
10039:
10038:
10034:
10024:
10022:
10009:
10008:
10004:
9961:
9954:
9945:
9943:
9933:
9907:
9903:
9893:
9891:
9878:
9877:
9873:
9865:
9861:
9851:
9849:
9836:
9835:
9831:
9825:Wayback Machine
9812:
9808:
9802:Wayback Machine
9792:
9788:
9778:
9776:
9759:
9755:
9745:
9743:
9732:
9728:
9718:
9716:
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9695:
9685:
9683:
9670:
9669:
9665:
9655:
9653:
9638:
9631:
9621:
9619:
9604:
9600:
9595:Wayback Machine
9586:
9582:
9577:
9570:
9560:
9558:
9548:
9544:
9538:Wayback Machine
9529:
9525:
9515:
9513:
9500:
9499:
9495:
9485:
9483:
9470:
9469:
9465:
9456:Wayback Machine
9447:
9443:
9433:
9431:
9418:
9417:
9413:
9408:Wayback Machine
9400:Chicago Tribune
9394:
9390:
9384:Nazarbayev 1998
9382:
9378:
9372:Nazarbayev 1998
9370:
9366:
9360:Nazarbayev 1998
9358:
9354:
9348:Nazarbayev 1998
9346:
9342:
9332:
9330:
9320:
9316:
9306:
9304:
9295:
9294:
9290:
9280:
9278:
9265:
9264:
9260:
9250:
9248:
9239:
9238:
9234:
9228:Nazarbayev 1998
9226:
9222:
9216:Nazarbayev 1998
9214:
9210:
9200:
9198:
9185:
9184:
9180:
9170:
9168:
9158:
9151:
9141:
9139:
9126:
9125:
9121:
9111:
9109:
9096:
9095:
9091:
9081:
9079:
9066:
9065:
9061:
9051:
9049:
9040:
9039:
9035:
9025:
9023:
9018:. 29 May 2019.
9010:
9009:
9005:
8995:
8993:
8982:
8981:
8977:
8961:
8957:
8947:
8945:
8937:
8936:
8932:
8922:
8918:
8908:
8906:
8895:
8891:
8881:
8879:
8869:
8865:
8857:
8849:
8845:
8837:
8829:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8804:
8803:
8799:
8789:
8787:
8778:
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8770:
8719:
8715:
8705:
8703:
8694:
8693:
8689:
8679:
8677:
8669:
8668:
8664:
8654:
8652:
8651:on 2 April 2019
8637:
8633:
8623:
8621:
8606:
8602:
8592:
8590:
8575:
8568:
8558:
8556:
8541:
8537:
8527:
8525:
8518:Chicago Tribune
8510:
8506:
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8479:
8472:
8461:
8445:
8441:
8431:
8429:
8420:
8419:
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8393:en.president.az
8387:
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8363:
8350:
8349:
8345:
8335:
8333:
8320:
8319:
8315:
8305:
8303:
8301:thediplomat.com
8295:
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8280:
8278:
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8268:
8264:
8254:
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8219:
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8157:
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8116:
8114:
8105:
8104:
8100:
8090:
8088:
8078:
8074:
8064:
8062:
8053:
8052:
8048:
8038:
8036:
8027:
8026:
8022:
8012:
8010:
8001:
8000:
7996:
7986:
7984:
7974:
7970:
7960:
7958:
7949:
7948:
7944:
7934:
7932:
7931:. 28 April 2016
7923:
7922:
7918:
7913:Wayback Machine
7903:
7899:
7889:
7887:
7869:
7865:
7855:
7853:
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7690:
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7606:
7604:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7576:
7574:
7561:
7560:
7556:
7546:
7544:
7539:. 15 May 2012.
7531:
7530:
7523:
7513:
7511:
7496:
7492:
7482:
7480:
7471:
7470:
7466:
7456:
7454:
7453:. Arlington, VA
7443:
7439:
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7427:
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7413:
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7393:
7389:
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7221:lenta.inform.kz
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6986:
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6889:
6887:
6877:
6873:
6863:
6861:
6852:
6851:
6847:
6837:
6835:
6819:
6818:
6814:
6771:India Quarterly
6763:
6759:
6722:
6718:
6708:
6706:
6693:
6692:
6688:
6681:
6667:
6660:
6650:
6648:
6640:
6639:
6630:
6619:
6603:
6599:
6592:
6578:
6574:
6568:Nazarbayev 1998
6566:
6562:
6551:
6535:
6531:
6525:Nazarbayev 1998
6523:
6519:
6509:
6507:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6487:Nazarbayev 1998
6485:
6481:
6471:
6469:
6468:on 2 April 2021
6465:
6459:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6427:
6425:
6424:on 2 April 2021
6421:
6415:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6393:
6383:
6381:
6380:on 2 April 2021
6377:
6371:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6338:
6322:
6315:
6309:Nazarbayev 1998
6307:
6303:
6297:Nazarbayev 1998
6295:
6286:
6276:
6274:
6273:on 2 April 2021
6270:
6264:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6232:
6230:
6229:on 2 April 2021
6226:
6220:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6189:Nazarbayev 1998
6187:
6180:
6174:Nazarbayev 1998
6172:
6165:
6159:Nazarbayev 1998
6157:
6153:
6143:
6141:
6140:on 2 April 2021
6137:
6131:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6104:
6098:Nazarbayev 1998
6096:
6092:
6086:Nazarbayev 1998
6084:
6080:
6074:Nazarbayev 1998
6072:
6068:
6062:Nazarbayev 1998
6060:
6056:
6050:Nazarbayev 1998
6048:
6044:
6034:
6032:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6007:
5997:
5993:
5980:
5978:
5968:
5961:
5948:
5946:
5931:
5924:
5914:
5912:
5902:
5898:
5888:
5886:
5876:
5872:
5857:
5853:
5843:
5841:
5838:intellinews.com
5832:
5831:
5827:
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5815:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5766:
5762:
5752:
5750:
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5740:
5736:
5726:
5724:
5711:
5710:
5699:
5686:
5684:
5671:
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5666:
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5654:
5647:
5631:
5627:
5617:
5615:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5570:
5566:
5547:
5532:
5528:
5523:
5491:
5455:
5412:
5386:
5384:
5359:
5357:
5332:
5330:
5294:
5292:
5266:
5264:
5239:
5237:
5211:
5209:
5184:
5182:
5156:
5154:
5129:
5127:
5102:
5100:
5078:
5076:
5051:
5049:
5025:
5023:
4998:
4996:
4971:
4969:
4943:
4941:
4916:
4914:
4889:
4887:
4862:
4860:
4835:
4833:
4808:
4806:
4781:
4779:
4754:
4752:
4716:
4714:
4689:
4687:
4662:
4660:
4635:
4633:
4628:(28 April 2019)
4607:
4605:
4580:
4578:
4556:
4554:
4530:
4528:
4503:
4501:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4445:
4443:
4421:
4419:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4337:Dmitry Medvedev
4267:
4141:
4124:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4061:
4059:
4038:
4019:
4015:
3993:
3882:
3819:
3813:
3790:Bauyrjan Baibek
3733:
3727:
3711:Grigory Karasin
3684:
3648:
3625:
3509:Moscow City Day
3420:
3418:Post-presidency
3368:
3219:
3213:
3189:
3183:
3154:
3148:
3120:
3114:
3087:in Russia, 2018
3081:Dmitry Medvedev
3069:Nikol Pashinyan
2974:Dmitry Medvedev
2958:
2913:Dmitry Medvedev
2902:
2883:Vladimir Kozlov
2874:
2868:
2851:
2796:
2732:
2700:
2692:
2673:
2667:
2644:
2606:
2604:
2567:head of state.
2547:
2541:
2539:Economic issues
2536:
2534:Domestic policy
2487:Dmitry Medvedev
2436:
2420:Leonid Brezhnev
2341:
2255:in October 2018
2197:
2113:of detainees.
2081:In April 2011,
2071:
2059:Jonathan Aitken
1965:
1933:State Secretary
1848:Supreme Council
1824:
1781:Supreme Council
1753:as the new PM.
1734:Supreme Council
1643:Henry Kissinger
1635:
1630:
1603:Valentin Pavlov
1533:Khrushchev Thaw
1517:First Secretary
1493:
1479:
1463:Communist Party
1373:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1346:
1342:primary sources
1330:
1319:
1175:Supreme Council
1102:
1073:
1011:
1010:
1000:
961:
959:
940:
917:
913:
902:
890:
886:
884:Sara Konakayeva
869:
861:
860:Other political
849:Political party
836:
833:
827:
825:
824:
823:
793:
781:
775:
773:
771:
769:
757:
752:
735:
723:
717:
712:
695:
685:
669:
664:
650:
649:
641:
629:
623:
621:Yerik Asanbayev
619:
617:
609:
603:
598:
574:
556:
551:
531:
519:
513:
508:
488:
476:
470:
465:
445:
433:
428:
425:
421:Bauyrjan Baibek
416:Mäulen Äşimbaev
401:Bauyrjan Baibek
386:Darhan Kaletaev
369:
368:
356:
353:
334:
333:
321:
318:
299:
298:
285:
280:
261:
249:
243:
238:
218:
211:
210:
202:
195:Yerik Asanbayev
189:
184:
181:
115:
114:
105:
99:
94:
77:
65:
62:
56:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
14654:
14644:
14643:
14638:
14633:
14628:
14623:
14618:
14613:
14608:
14603:
14598:
14593:
14588:
14583:
14578:
14573:
14568:
14563:
14558:
14553:
14548:
14543:
14538:
14533:
14528:
14523:
14518:
14513:
14508:
14503:
14498:
14493:
14488:
14483:
14478:
14473:
14468:
14463:
14458:
14453:
14448:
14443:
14438:
14433:
14428:
14423:
14418:
14413:
14408:
14403:
14386:
14385:
14380:
14379:
14377:
14376:
14374:Mikhail Surkov
14371:
14366:
14361:
14356:
14351:
14346:
14341:
14336:
14331:
14326:
14324:Sergey Sokolov
14321:
14316:
14311:
14309:Alfrēds Rubiks
14306:
14304:Yuri Prokofiev
14301:
14296:
14291:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14231:
14225:
14222:
14221:
14213:
14212:
14205:
14198:
14190:
14181:
14180:
14178:
14176:Oljas Bektenov
14173:
14168:
14163:
14158:
14156:Karim Massimov
14153:
14151:Serik Akhmetov
14148:
14146:Karim Massimov
14143:
14138:
14133:
14128:
14123:
14118:
14106:
14104:
14098:
14097:
14095:
14094:
14089:
14084:
14079:
14077:Bayken Ashimov
14074:
14069:
14064:
14059:
14054:
14049:
14044:
14039:
14034:
14029:
14016:
14014:
14008:
14007:
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14000:
13995:
13993:
13987:
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13984:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13957:
13955:
13949:
13948:
13946:
13945:
13932:
13930:
13928:Alash Autonomy
13924:
13923:
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13915:
13908:
13901:
13893:
13884:
13883:
13881:
13880:
13875:
13869:
13867:
13849:
13848:
13846:
13845:
13840:
13834:
13832:
13815:
13814:
13812:
13811:
13806:
13804:Gennady Kolbin
13801:
13796:
13794:Ismail Yusupov
13791:
13786:
13781:
13778:
13773:
13768:
13763:
13761:Gennady Borkov
13758:
13753:
13751:Levon Mirzoyan
13747:
13745:
13728:
13727:
13720:
13719:
13712:
13705:
13697:
13691:
13688:
13687:
13676:
13675:
13670:
13660:
13657:Gennady Kolbin
13655:
13651:
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13645:
13634:
13633:
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13616:
13610:
13609:
13604:
13601:
13592:
13587:
13583:
13582:
13577:
13574:
13565:
13562:Bayken Ashimov
13560:
13556:
13555:
13549:
13548:
13534:
13533:External links
13531:
13530:
13529:
13524:
13510:
13509:
13503:
13502:
13476:
13448:
13426:"Who's Who in
13416:
13390:
13364:
13338:
13318:
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13266:
13240:
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13165:
13139:
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12954:
12928:
12902:
12876:
12846:
12820:
12802:
12791:. 30 June 2021
12776:
12773:. 3 July 2020.
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12296:
12284:eurasianet.org
12270:
12244:
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12166:
12136:
12106:
12080:
12054:
12051:. 5 July 2020.
12040:
12014:
12003:on 5 July 2020
11984:
11958:
11947:on 5 July 2020
11928:
11917:on 6 July 2020
11898:
11887:. 27 June 2021
11872:
11846:
11835:on 5 July 2020
11816:
11805:on 5 July 2020
11786:
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11672:
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11150:Anadolu Agency
11136:
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11083:
11052:
11022:
10991:
10961:
10935:
10922:eurasia.expert
10908:
10882:
10855:
10824:
10793:
10782:on 7 June 2021
10763:
10737:
10707:
10696:on 15 May 2021
10677:
10648:
10619:
10593:
10567:
10554:whitehouse.gov
10541:
10530:on 7 June 2021
10510:
10476:
10457:
10432:
10417:. mfa.gov.il.
10406:
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10002:
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9871:
9859:
9829:
9806:
9786:
9753:
9738:. EurasiaNet.
9726:
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9003:
8975:
8955:
8930:
8916:
8889:
8863:
8843:
8840:. p. 248.
8823:
8797:
8768:
8733:(6): 859–876.
8713:
8687:
8662:
8631:
8600:
8566:
8535:
8504:
8487:The New Yorker
8470:
8459:
8439:
8410:
8380:
8361:
8343:
8313:
8288:
8262:
8229:
8202:
8191:. 20 June 2018
8176:
8150:
8139:. 10 June 2017
8124:
8113:. 6 March 2017
8098:
8072:
8046:
8020:
7994:
7968:
7942:
7916:
7897:
7863:
7837:
7825:eurasianet.org
7811:
7784:
7773:. 2 April 2014
7758:
7728:
7698:
7667:
7641:
7614:
7584:
7554:
7521:
7490:
7479:. 8 April 2011
7464:
7437:
7407:
7387:
7374:eurasianet.org
7361:
7322:
7311:on 15 May 2011
7290:
7264:
7238:
7208:
7183:
7171:eurasianet.org
7157:
7124:
7098:
7079:
7059:
7033:
7007:
6979:
6968:. 5 April 2012
6950:
6923:
6912:. 9 March 2015
6897:
6871:
6845:
6812:
6777:(3): 313–327.
6757:
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6284:
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6102:
6090:
6078:
6066:
6054:
6042:
6017:
5991:
5959:
5922:
5896:
5870:
5851:
5825:
5814:. 15 June 2010
5799:
5760:
5734:
5697:
5664:
5645:
5639:. p. 57.
5625:
5598:
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5595:
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5583:
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5525:
5524:
5522:
5519:
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5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5490:
5487:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5439:
5429:
5423:
5418:: A street in
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5366:United Kingdom
5355:
5354:
5353:
5351:Order of Zayed
5349:Collar of the
5328:
5327:
5326:
5315:
5311:Member of the
5290:
5289:
5288:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5232:(23 June 2017)
5207:
5206:
5205:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5119:Collar of the
5098:
5097:
5096:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5068:Knight of the
5047:
5046:
5045:
5021:
5020:
5019:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4967:
4966:
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4939:
4938:
4937:
4912:
4911:
4910:
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4575:
4574:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4470:
4469:Foreign awards
4467:
4466:
4465:
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4463:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4417:
4416:
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4404:
4393:
4382:
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4367:Knight of the
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4325:
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4313:
4302:
4291:
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4253:
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4220:
4212:
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4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4160:Collar of the
4153:
4149:Collar of the
4140:
4137:
4126:
4125:
4049:poorly sourced
4022:
4020:
4013:
3992:
3989:
3975:Vladimir Putin
3960:cardiac arrest
3881:
3878:
3850:Echo of Moscow
3821:Following the
3815:Main article:
3812:
3809:
3729:Main article:
3726:
3723:
3696:Vladimir Putin
3683:
3680:
3657:Vladimir Putin
3647:
3644:
3624:
3621:
3501:Turkic Council
3428:Vladimir Putin
3419:
3416:
3400:Gülen movement
3367:
3364:
3333:Minsk Protocol
3262:George W. Bush
3212:
3209:
3182:
3179:
3147:
3144:
3113:
3110:
3085:FIFA World Cup
3041:to conclude a
3002:United Kingdom
2957:
2956:Foreign policy
2954:
2901:
2898:
2892:, compiled by
2870:Main article:
2867:
2864:
2850:
2847:
2827:anti-religious
2795:
2792:
2776:In an oped in
2731:
2728:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2666:
2663:
2643:
2640:
2603:
2600:
2586:Following the
2552:market economy
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2457:The New Yorker
2446:in Seoul, 2010
2435:
2432:
2408:Emomali Rahmon
2384:Vladimir Putin
2340:
2337:
2285:Bloomberg News
2261:Karim Massimov
2249:Vladimir Putin
2196:
2193:
2185:Karim Massimov
2181:Serik Akhmetov
2177:low oil prices
2138:Serik Akhmetov
2070:
2067:
2015:George W. Bush
2004:Karim Massimov
1964:
1961:
1918:Alnur Mussayev
1823:
1820:
1665:Supreme Soviet
1656:and appointed
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1575:Supreme Soviet
1552:Gennady Kolbin
1478:
1475:
1375:
1374:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1260:2010s oil glut
1203:2007 amendment
1171:rule by decree
1140:Supreme Soviet
1124:Prime Minister
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1057:
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1030:
1024:
1018:
1008:
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1002:
993:
989:
988:
985:
981:
980:
975:
974:Branch/service
971:
970:
957:
953:
952:
948:
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938:
934:
933:
926:
922:
921:
908:
904:
903:
888:
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881:
879:
875:
874:
863:
857:
856:
850:
846:
845:
844:, Soviet Union
821:
819:
815:
814:
810:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
796:
790:
789:
787:Bayken Ashimov
784:
778:
777:
767:Bayken Ashimov
764:
760:
759:
749:
748:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
729:Gennady Kolbin
726:
720:
719:
709:
708:
702:
701:
700:Erik Asanbayev
698:
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682:
681:
676:
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661:
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644:
638:
637:
632:
626:
625:
612:
610:Vice President
606:
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594:
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372:
366:
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364:
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302:
296:
295:
294:
292:
288:
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258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
235:
234:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
205:
199:
198:
192:
190:Vice President
186:
185:
183:
182:
180:
179:
174:
169:
167:Karim Massimov
164:
162:Serik Akhmetov
159:
157:Karim Massimov
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
118:
112:
111:
110:
108:
106:Prime Minister
102:
101:
91:
90:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
67:
66:
58:
57:
54:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14653:
14642:
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14612:
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14599:
14597:
14594:
14592:
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14452:
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14427:
14426:Living people
14424:
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14417:
14414:
14412:
14409:
14407:
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14396:
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14360:
14357:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14329:Yegor Stroyev
14327:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14299:Ivan Polozkov
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14259:Islam Karimov
14257:
14255:
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14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
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14235:
14232:
14230:
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14055:
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14050:
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14035:
14033:
14030:
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14024:
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14009:
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14001:
13999:
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13992:
13988:
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13961:
13956:
13954:
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13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13792:
13790:
13787:
13785:
13782:
13780:Ivan Yakovlev
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13757:
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13752:
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13570:
13563:
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13506:
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13487:
13480:
13465:
13464:
13459:
13452:
13437:
13436:
13431:
13429:
13420:
13404:
13400:
13399:"Declaration"
13394:
13378:
13374:
13368:
13352:
13348:
13342:
13335:
13331:
13328:
13327:State honours
13322:
13306:
13302:
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13280:
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13270:
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13250:
13244:
13228:
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13096:
13093:
13088:
13072:
13068:
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13036:
13020:
13016:
13010:
12994:
12990:
12984:
12968:
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12958:
12942:
12938:
12932:
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12790:
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12419:
12415:
12409:
12407:
12390:
12386:
12380:
12364:
12360:
12353:
12337:
12336:Радио Азаттык
12333:
12327:
12311:
12307:
12300:
12285:
12281:
12274:
12258:
12254:
12248:
12233:
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12196:
12180:
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12154:
12153:informburo.kz
12150:
12143:
12141:
12124:
12120:
12116:
12110:
12094:
12090:
12084:
12068:
12067:Радио Азаттык
12064:
12058:
12050:
12044:
12029:
12025:
12018:
12002:
11998:
11994:
11988:
11973:
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11946:
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11932:
11916:
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11902:
11886:
11882:
11876:
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11796:
11790:
11782:
11778:
11772:
11770:
11761:
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11735:
11731:
11730:Tengrinews.kz
11727:
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11714:
11710:
11707:
11702:
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11685:Tengrinews.kz
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11581:
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11555:
11554:Tengrinews.kz
11551:
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11094:
11087:
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11056:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11026:
11010:
11006:
11002:
10995:
10979:
10975:
10974:The Economist
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10896:
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10284:adilet.zan.kz
10281:
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10199:
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10172:
10170:1-59033-760-3
10166:
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9609:
9602:
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9539:
9535:
9532:
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9511:
9507:
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9450:
9445:
9429:
9425:
9421:
9415:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9392:
9386:, p. 150
9385:
9380:
9374:, p. 142
9373:
9368:
9362:, p. 143
9361:
9356:
9350:, p. 141
9349:
9344:
9329:
9325:
9318:
9303:. 25 May 2023
9302:
9301:eureporter.co
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9093:
9077:
9073:
9069:
9063:
9047:
9043:
9037:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9007:
8992:. 29 May 2014
8991:
8990:
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8969:
8965:
8959:
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8736:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8717:
8702:. 6 July 2020
8701:
8700:Businessworld
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8646:
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8216:Tengrinews.kz
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8060:
8059:Bloomberg.com
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7137:The Economist
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7063:
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7021:
7017:
7011:
7003:
6997:
6989:
6983:
6967:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6938:
6937:Радио Азаттык
6934:
6927:
6911:
6907:
6901:
6886:
6882:
6875:
6859:
6855:
6849:
6834:
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6800:
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6753:
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6720:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6690:
6682:
6680:9781590331538
6676:
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6637:
6635:
6633:
6624:
6620:
6614:
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6609:
6601:
6593:
6591:0-8153-4058-3
6587:
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6576:
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5936:
5929:
5927:
5911:
5907:
5900:
5885:
5881:
5874:
5866:
5862:
5855:
5840:. 7 June 2022
5839:
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5809:
5803:
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5779:
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5771:
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5668:
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5646:9781483304663
5642:
5638:
5637:
5629:
5614:. 24 May 2019
5613:
5609:
5603:
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5592:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5571:Etymology of
5568:
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4296:
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4132:
4122:
4119:
4111:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069: –
4068:
4064:
4063:Find sources:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4006:
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3997:
3988:
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3982:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3940:Central Asian
3937:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3880:Personal life
3877:
3874:
3868:
3867:Kazakhstan.
3865:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3839:Mamin Cabinet
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3805:2016 election
3802:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:United States
3757:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3682:80th birthday
3679:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3668:Stjepan Mesić
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:Juan Carlos I
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:tennis player
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3533:Heydar Aliyev
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3466:head of state
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3440:The Economist
3437:According to
3433:
3429:
3424:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:war in Donbas
3326:
3325:New York City
3322:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
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2454:According to
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2444:Lee Myung-bak
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2424:Yuri Andropov
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2024:
2016:
2011:
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1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1982:In 2006, the
1980:
1978:
1973:
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1960:
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1911:
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1831:William Cohen
1828:
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1699:with limited
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1596:
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1579:Boris Yeltsin
1576:
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1567:24 April 1990
1563:
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1560:head of state
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1477:Rise to power
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1397:Joseph Stalin
1394:
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1334:This section
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774:Vera Sidorova
768:
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7957:. 1 May 2016
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6470:. Retrieved
6463:the original
6444:
6438:
6426:. Retrieved
6419:the original
6400:
6394:
6382:. Retrieved
6375:the original
6356:
6350:
6326:
6311:, p. 28
6304:
6299:, p. 27
6275:. Retrieved
6268:the original
6249:
6243:
6231:. Retrieved
6224:the original
6205:
6191:, p. 26
6176:, p. 24
6161:, p. 23
6154:
6142:. Retrieved
6135:the original
6116:
6100:, p. 22
6093:
6088:, p. 21
6081:
6076:, p. 20
6069:
6064:, p. 16
6057:
6052:, p. 11
6045:
6033:. Retrieved
6029:
6020:
6008:. Retrieved
6004:
5994:
5986:
5979:. Retrieved
5975:
5954:
5947:. Retrieved
5939:The Guardian
5938:
5913:. Retrieved
5909:
5899:
5887:. Retrieved
5883:
5873:
5864:
5854:
5842:. Retrieved
5837:
5828:
5816:. Retrieved
5811:
5802:
5790:. Retrieved
5774:The Guardian
5773:
5763:
5751:. Retrieved
5746:
5737:
5725:. Retrieved
5716:
5692:
5685:. Retrieved
5667:
5655:. Retrieved
5635:
5628:
5616:. Retrieved
5611:
5602:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5529:
5482:
5479:hagiographic
5475:Oliver Stone
5472:
5466:
5456:
4964:(5 May 2000)
4333:Barack Obama
4277:, 9 May 2015
4265:Soviet Union
4114:
4105:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4062:
4051:
4034:verification
4027:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3968:
3936:Askar Akayev
3929:Aidar Akayev
3910:
3883:
3869:
3847:
3820:
3794:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3734:
3704:Abdullah Gül
3685:
3672:
3649:
3641:
3626:
3609:
3598:
3586:
3579:
3563:tennis match
3559:Rafael Nadal
3529:Ilham Aliyev
3478:
3473:
3462:
3459:Viktor Orbán
3451:Lee Kuan Yew
3444:
3438:
3436:
3404:
3393:
3385:
3369:
3352:Donald Trump
3349:
3318:
3309:Donald Trump
3293:
3290:Barack Obama
3279:
3275:nuclear-free
3259:
3255:Tengiz Field
3236:
3201:
3190:
3171:Persian Gulf
3167:Turkmenistan
3163:
3155:
3136:
3132:
3121:
3090:
3055:
2995:
2979:
2970:Barack Obama
2948:in downtown
2942:
2927:
2922:
2903:
2887:
2875:
2852:
2843:
2839:
2824:
2809:
2788:
2777:
2775:
2760:
2737:
2733:
2716:Turkmenistan
2701:
2693:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2656:
2629:
2596:
2585:
2579:
2569:
2557:
2548:
2525:
2517:
2514:
2506:
2465:
2462:James Giffen
2455:
2453:
2449:
2416:
2392:Ilham Aliyev
2377:
2372:
2362:
2342:
2332:Dauren Abaev
2320:
2301:
2296:Constitution
2289:
2258:
2214:
2198:
2174:
2161:
2154:
2135:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2020:
1993:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1922:
1916:, replacing
1910:Marat Tazhin
1908:, replacing
1899:
1870:
1856:
1836:
1809:
1774:
1763:
1705:
1662:
1651:
1611:
1581:against the
1564:
1549:
1541:
1506:
1471:
1460:
1428:
1412:World War II
1409:
1393:Soviet Union
1378:
1363:
1354:
1335:
1272:
1223:Central Asia
1219:
1152:
1134:in 1989. In
1098:
1096:
1083:
1082:
862:affiliations
855:(since 1999)
794:Succeeded by
753:
736:Succeeded by
713:
696:Succeeded by
665:
646:
642:Succeeded by
634:
599:
558:
552:
536:
532:Succeeded by
524:
509:
489:Succeeded by
481:
466:
446:Succeeded by
438:
361:First Deputy
281:
262:Succeeded by
254:
239:
219:Succeeded by
207:
95:
48:
43:
35:
14421:1940 births
14339:Oleg Shenin
14334:Ivan Frolov
14219:(1990–1991)
14166:Askar Mamin
14027:Uraz Isayev
14003:Uraz Isayev
13991:Kazakh ASSR
12478:Nikkei Asia
12451:Daily Sabah
12205:Interfax.ru
11665:23 November
11661:(in Kazakh)
11638:23 November
11612:23 November
11528:РИА Новости
11479:13 December
11216:8 September
10954:23 February
10928:23 February
10901:23 February
10875:23 February
10848:23 February
10817:23 February
10730:20 December
10524:Taiwan News
10425:29 December
9975:: 178–199.
9719:12 December
9622:12 December
9328:thehill.com
8948:25 December
7721:7 September
7577:15 December
6943:23 February
5910:Nikkei Asia
5792:8 September
5191:South Korea
4483:Afghanistan
4260:Algys Order
3946:as well as
3829:declared a
3778:re-election
3523:capital of
3521:Azerbaijani
3455:Moon Jae-in
3372:Turgut Özal
3360:Oval Office
3313:Oval Office
3266:White House
3177:brothers."
2972:(left) and
2915:in 2008 in
2900:Rule of law
2849:Nationalism
2339:Resignation
2025:approved a
1994:Amidst the
1887:North Korea
1789:August 1995
1725:independent
1525:Perestroika
1405:Sunni Islam
1303:2022 unrest
873:(1991–1999)
871:Independent
868:(1962–1991)
832:6 July 1940
782:Preceded by
724:Preceded by
686:Preceded by
630:Preceded by
618:(1990–1991)
520:Preceded by
477:Preceded by
434:Preceded by
250:Preceded by
203:Preceded by
177:Asqar Mamin
40:family name
14395:Categories
14102:Kazakhstan
14012:Kazakh SSR
13858:Kazakhstan
13824:Kazakhstan
13737:Kazakh SSR
13669:1989–1991
13644:1991–2022
13624:1991–2019
13614:New office
13573:1984–1989
13525:1899044191
13469:22 October
13441:22 October
13259:9 November
12895:6 December
12869:4 February
12795:22 October
12789:Kremlin.ru
12739:22 October
12708:Eurasianet
12591:29 October
12535:31 October
12509:26 January
12483:26 January
12457:26 January
12424:26 January
12395:26 January
12369:26 January
12342:26 January
12316:26 January
12289:26 January
12263:26 January
12129:25 October
12099:21 October
11891:23 October
11865:23 October
11691:26 January
11586:1 November
11560:1 November
11449:6 November
11423:29 October
11397:29 October
11371:23 October
11345:23 October
11319:23 October
11293:23 October
11267:23 October
11176:DailySabah
10363:EurasiaNet
10025:13 October
9946:4 December
9894:5 November
9676:EurasiaNet
9201:30 January
9171:25 October
9142:25 October
9112:25 October
9082:31 October
9052:25 January
8816:29 January
8680:10 January
8593:4 November
8559:4 November
8528:4 November
8497:4 November
8432:22 October
8306:13 January
8281:13 January
8222:29 January
8195:29 January
8169:29 January
8143:29 January
8117:29 January
8091:29 January
8065:29 January
8039:29 January
8013:29 January
7987:29 January
7961:29 January
7935:29 January
7890:2 February
7856:29 January
7830:29 January
7691:31 October
7607:31 October
7483:29 January
7430:10 October
7380:29 January
7283:29 January
7257:29 January
7201:29 January
7091:3 February
7026:29 January
6972:29 January
6916:28 January
6651:29 January
6510:24 October
6472:22 October
6428:22 October
6384:22 October
6277:22 October
6233:22 October
6144:22 October
6035:13 January
5589:References
5548:pronounced
5442:Kazakhstan
5393:Uzbekistan
5246:Tajikistan
4978:Luxembourg
4896:Kyrgyzstan
4537:Azerbaijan
4139:Kazakhstan
4108:March 2019
4078:newspapers
3864:Nur-Sultan
3637:Nur-Sultan
3517:trade show
3345:John Kerry
3227:John Kerry
3215:See also:
3185:See also:
3150:See also:
3116:See also:
3077:Igor Dodon
2724:Kyrgyzstan
2720:Tajikistan
2712:Uzbekistan
2671:Nurly Zhol
2669:See also:
2665:Nurly Zhol
2624:Kazakhstan
2560:Parliament
2543:See also:
2467:Respublika
2292:Parliament
2240:militants.
2205:Nurly Zhol
1949:Parliament
1793:Parliament
1481:See also:
1357:March 2019
1338:references
1262:, and the
1247:corruption
1215:Parliament
1112:Kazakhstan
968:Kazakhstan
956:Allegiance
942:nazarbayev
842:Kazakh SSR
828:1940-07-06
592:Kazakh SSR
571:Kazakh SSR
44:Nazarbayev
32:patronymic
13829:President
13383:21 August
13178:Akorda.kz
13158:22 August
12859:inform.kz
12713:17 August
12688:17 August
12663:17 August
12310:Газета.Ru
12237:7 January
12119:inform.kz
11941:inform.kz
11921:22 August
11911:inform.kz
11156:22 August
11119:rferl.org
11098:3 January
10842:aa.com.tr
10580:inform.kz
10498:0362-4331
10342:3 January
10045:inform.kz
10015:kazinform
9997:229420067
9989:0966-8136
9941:159320888
9852:31 August
9686:21 August
9016:Kazinform
8903:Jamestown
8763:153486808
8747:0966-8136
8275:Akorda.kz
7885:0362-4331
7850:inform.kz
7798:Jamestown
7751:21 August
7628:Jamestown
7420:Kazinform
7344:0458-3035
7145:0013-0613
6996:cite book
6833:0362-4331
6807:153989157
6791:0974-9284
6752:2405-8831
6709:21 August
6030:aa.com.tr
6010:5 January
5818:1 January
5782:0261-3077
5753:5 January
5657:21 August
5618:8 January
4950:Lithuania
4452:Tatarstan
4030:citations
3857:from the
3675:Sputnik V
3659:and King
2946:Denis Ten
2358:president
2312:Expo 2017
2106:Zhanaozen
1861:. At the
1850:chairman
1844:reelected
1736:passed a
1709:mäslihats
1677:Jeltoqsan
1483:Jeltoqsan
1381:Chemolgan
1173:, as the
987:1991–2019
925:Signature
866:Communist
838:Chemolgan
754:In office
714:In office
666:In office
600:In office
588:President
573:positions
553:In office
510:In office
467:In office
282:In office
240:In office
197:(1991–96)
96:In office
13377:Archived
13330:Archived
13311:8 August
13305:Archived
13285:8 August
13233:8 August
13206:Archived
13188:27 March
13182:Archived
13095:Archived
13077:8 August
13071:Archived
13051:8 August
13025:8 August
12999:8 August
12993:Archived
12973:8 August
12967:Archived
12947:8 August
12941:Archived
12921:8 August
12915:Archived
12839:8 August
12833:Archived
12617:27 March
12559:Archived
12363:ura.news
12211:29 March
12185:29 March
12159:29 March
11740:20 March
11734:Archived
11709:Archived
11534:29 April
11505:28 April
11443:Archived
11339:Archived
11313:Archived
11287:Archived
11210:Archived
11180:Archived
11152:. Ankara
11123:Archived
11070:Archived
10984:12 April
10978:Archived
10724:Archived
10720:The Hill
10419:Archived
10367:Archived
10238:31 March
10232:Archived
10208:20 March
10202:Archived
10049:Archived
10019:Archived
9888:Archived
9821:Archived
9798:Archived
9773:Archived
9740:Archived
9713:Archived
9680:Archived
9656:21 April
9650:Archived
9646:HuffPost
9616:Archived
9591:Archived
9561:16 April
9534:Archived
9510:Archived
9480:Archived
9452:Archived
9434:19 March
9428:Archived
9404:Archived
9275:Archived
9195:Archived
9076:Archived
9046:Archived
9020:Archived
8996:5 August
8942:Archived
8755:30043927
8618:Archived
8587:Archived
8553:Archived
8522:Archived
8491:Archived
8465:Archived
8426:Zakon.kz
8403:21 March
8375:Archived
8336:21 March
8255:19 March
8249:Archived
8189:BBC News
7929:BBC News
7909:Archived
7745:Archived
7715:Archived
7685:Archived
7601:Archived
7571:Archived
7541:Archived
7514:16 March
7508:Archived
7504:HuffPost
7477:BBC News
7457:26 April
7424:Archived
7354:20 March
7348:Archived
7231:22 March
7085:Archived
6885:Refworld
6799:45072948
6623:Archived
6555:Archived
6504:Archived
6342:Archived
5949:13 March
5943:Archived
5884:OpenAsia
5786:Archived
5727:19 March
5721:Archived
5687:27 March
5681:Archived
5651:Archived
5594:Specific
5489:See also
5459:Romanian
5163:Slovakia
4428:Chechnya
4056:libelous
3971:COVID-19
3956:Aisultan
3873:Nur Otan
3801:Nur Otan
3797:Mazhilis
3786:Nur Otan
3737:Nur Otan
3715:COVID-19
3646:COVID-19
3617:pandemic
3612:Nur Otan
3582:Tashkent
3540:Naruhito
3412:Istanbul
3389:Istanbul
3376:Alma-Ata
3284:held in
3270:Iraq War
3247:START II
3060:in 2001.
2794:Religion
2704:Aral Sea
2365:Nur Otan
2345:protests
2327:BBC News
2169:Mongolia
2144:and the
2040:Mazhilis
2036:Nur Otan
2030:August,
1989:Nur Otan
1871:de facto
1797:Mazhilis
1685:Alma-Ata
1679:and the
1467:Komsomol
1439:Temirtau
1431:Temirtau
1424:Kaskelen
1295:Nur Otan
1251:nepotism
1116:dictator
1040:Nur Otan
907:Children
763:Chairman
367:See list
332:See list
297:See list
113:See list
36:Abishuly
13508:General
13495:1 March
13463:Vulture
13435:Vulture
13428:Borat 2
13357:26 July
12657:EADaily
12257:Reuters
11066:Reuters
9779:7 March
9746:7 March
9251:28 July
8655:2 April
8624:2 April
8163:efe.com
8137:efe.com
8111:Reuters
8033:Reuters
7955:Reuters
7771:Reuters
7046:cnn.com
6890:15 June
6646:hrw.org
6005:Reuters
5981:2 April
5844:24 June
5812:Reuters
5717:Reuters
5557:Russian
5495:Acmetal
5301:Ukraine
5109:Romania
4815:Hungary
4723:Finland
4696:Estonia
4642:Croatia
4587:Belgium
4563:Belarus
4510:Austria
4092:scholar
3991:Honours
3952:English
3948:Russian
3855:Bishkek
3752:saying:
3481:Beijing
3474:Kökorda
3463:de jure
3430:at the
3311:at the
3280:At the
3264:in the
3124:Li Peng
3083:at the
3010:Germany
2976:(right)
2936:in the
2856:Russian
2503:in 2011
2471:editor
2299:power.
2263:as the
2226:Ukraine
2111:torture
1573:by the
1519:of the
1391:of the
937:Website
901:
889:
675:Premier
590:of the
559:present
13522:
13409:9 July
12815:apa.az
12565:13 May
12073:5 July
12033:5 July
12007:5 July
11977:5 July
11951:5 July
11839:5 July
11809:5 July
11499:nur.kz
11241:3 July
11186:26 May
11129:10 May
11076:10 May
11045:10 May
11015:10 May
10786:7 June
10756:7 June
10700:7 June
10670:7 June
10641:7 June
10612:7 June
10586:7 June
10560:7 June
10534:7 June
10503:7 June
10496:
10450:7 June
10399:5 June
10373:5 June
10316:7 June
10290:7 June
10264:7 June
10167:
10144:5 June
10109:
10081:7 July
10055:8 July
9995:
9987:
9939:
9929:
9516:7 June
9486:7 June
9476:Akorda
9333:7 July
9307:7 July
9026:29 May
8970:
8909:7 June
8882:7 June
8790:7 June
8761:
8753:
8745:
8706:7 June
8457:
8356:Inform
7883:
7804:8 June
7777:8 June
7660:8 June
7634:8 June
7597:Forbes
7547:16 May
7342:
7278:RFE/RL
7251:RFE/RL
7176:8 June
7150:8 June
7143:
7117:8 June
7077:
7052:8 June
6910:RFE/RL
6864:8 June
6838:8 June
6831:
6805:
6797:
6789:
6750:
6699:Akorda
6677:
6615:
6588:
6547:
6455:
6411:
6367:
6334:
6260:
6216:
6127:
5780:
5643:
5578:Ilkhan
5573:elbasy
5534:Kazakh
5446:Astana
5432:Russia
5416:Jordan
5390:
5363:
5336:
5298:
5273:Turkey
5270:
5243:
5215:
5188:
5177:(2007)
5160:
5136:Serbia
5133:
5106:
5082:
5058:Poland
5055:
5029:
5005:Monaco
5002:
4975:
4947:
4923:Latvia
4920:
4893:
4866:
4839:
4812:
4788:Greece
4785:
4761:France
4758:
4720:
4693:
4666:
4639:
4611:
4584:
4560:
4534:
4507:
4480:
4449:
4425:
4357:Russia
4354:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4065:
4005:Turkey
4001:Ankara
3964:London
3944:Kazakh
3921:Dinara
3917:Dariga
3894:Kazakh
3886:Muslim
3633:Astana
3505:Moscow
3485:Moscow
3470:Nauryz
3381:Ankara
3366:Turkey
3294:tumar,
3231:Aqorda
3197:Israel
3181:Israel
3175:Muslim
3142:2009.
3128:Almaty
3097:Astana
3037:, and
3033:, the
3031:Russia
3018:Turkey
3014:Russia
2991:Russia
2950:Almaty
2917:Astana
2860:Kazakh
2831:Muslim
2816:Assisi
2812:Astana
2806:, 2008
2620:Astana
2406:, and
2373:elbasy
2350:Astana
2316:Astana
2277:Senate
2273:Dariga
1801:Senate
1770:Astana
1766:Almaty
1701:checks
1545:Moscow
1515:, the
1489:, and
1452:Dinara
1448:Dariga
1385:Almaty
1258:, the
1229:, the
1099:Elbasy
1063:&
965:
915:Dinara
911:Dariga
895:
878:Spouse
853:Amanat
624:(1991)
326:Deputy
291:Acting
30:, the
13600:1990
12733:24.kz
12389:mk.ru
10471:(PDF)
10103:(PDF)
9993:S2CID
9937:S2CID
9281:2 May
8858:(PDF)
8838:(PDF)
8759:S2CID
8751:JSTOR
7402:(PDF)
6803:S2CID
6795:JSTOR
6466:(PDF)
6449:(PDF)
6422:(PDF)
6405:(PDF)
6378:(PDF)
6361:(PDF)
6271:(PDF)
6254:(PDF)
6227:(PDF)
6210:(PDF)
6138:(PDF)
6121:(PDF)
5915:1 May
5889:1 May
5521:Notes
5462:actor
5436:Kazan
5420:Amman
5410:Other
5218:Spain
5085:Qatar
4908:Manas
4869:Japan
4842:Italy
4669:Egypt
4614:China
4099:JSTOR
4085:books
3925:Aliya
3898:Islam
3513:VDNKh
3286:Seoul
3112:China
3039:China
3022:Japan
3006:China
2968:with
2820:Italy
2165:-stan
1713:äkims
1647:Davos
1456:Aliya
919:Aliya
899:)
891:(
887:
13520:ISBN
13497:2023
13471:2020
13443:2020
13411:2017
13385:2014
13359:2017
13313:2019
13287:2019
13261:2022
13235:2019
13190:2019
13160:2020
13079:2019
13053:2019
13027:2019
13001:2019
12975:2019
12949:2019
12923:2019
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