283:
147:
182:
the region, both because of its remaining gold deposits and the presence of
Canadian government institutions. O'Brien believed that transportation costs would inevitably keep the prices for imported beer high in Dawson and make a local brewery a profitable venture, with the potential to export its product into the neighbouring U.S.
181:
was a
Canadian miner and businessman who had prospered considerably during the rush, investing widely in businesses across the city to become one of the wealthiest of the local hotel and saloon owners. O'Brien had considerable confidence that Dawson would continue to grow as an economic powerhouse in
373:
for comparison. $ 3.50 for a dozen bottles in 1904 would be the equivalent to US $ 96 in 2014. A 50 cents tax on a gallon of beer in 1907 would the equivalent to US $ 13 in 2014. Company equity and property worth $ 200,000 and $ 53,000 in 1904 would be the equivalent in value to US $ 134 million and
273:
The brewery quickly dominated the local market in its first year of operation, producing 68,748 gallons in 1905 and pushing sales of imported beer down by almost half. O'Brien became the leader of the Yukon
Independent Party and held political meetings in the brewery, leading to his faction becoming
299:
also gained ground, almost managing to pass a law introducing prohibition across the territory in 1916. The number of licensed saloons dropped sharply, from 21 in 1902 to only 6 in 1906, and other sales outlets were curtailed. Despite the company's efforts to advertise their product - promoting the
294:
O'Brien's company soon encountered problems. Despite expectations, Dawson City's population began to decline again: one resident, Laura Berton, later described how people were "trickling from it like water from a leaky barrel". By 1909 the population had fallen to 2,000, driving down demand for the
194:
The legal paperwork for the O'Brien
Brewing and Malting Company was completed in late 1903 and the company was formally created in February 1904 by O'Brien as the majority shareholder with 77 percent of the stock, and six other investors. The company had an initial capital of $ 200,000 and owned $
321:
in 1933. The buildings were soon dismantled, probably for firewood, and vegetation reclaimed the site. The rusting brewery steam boiler remained on the site, surrounded by mounds of used bottles, many of which were dug up and removed by collectors over subsequent years, leaving perhaps over 3,000
174:
had been very expensive during the initial gold rush, costing around $ 100 a barrel, or approximately $ 1 a bottle. The Dawson City
Brewery had been established in the city by a businessman called T. Krozner in 1898 to manufacture a local alternative, but this had closed by 1902 as the city's
199:, just across the river from Dawson, which O'Brien had sold to the new company. George Mero was employed to build the new brewery at considerable speed - 15 days were allowed for the work's completion - converting O'Brien's old building for its new use. The brewery was situated alongside the
368:
and held equal value. For this reason the academic literature and contemporary accounts do not usually differentiate between gold rush prices quoted in US or
Canadian dollars. A $ 1 bottle of beer in 1898 would be equivalent in value to US $ 29.40 in 2014, using the US
162:
in north-western Canada. Swelled by would-be gold-miners and adventurers, Dawson's population soared to 30,000 at the height of the rush in 1898. Dawson declined in size again as many of the immigrants left, but it was appointed the
Territorial Capital of the new
218:
built adjacent to it. Some of the equipment was probably reused from the local
Eldorado Bottling works, which had closed three years before, and possibly the old Dawson City Brewery, which was then combined with up-to-date
316:
followed the next year, and the company ceased trading. Initially the premises were kept maintained, probably in case the company was able to reopen, but most of the equipment was sold off to a new brewery in
231:. A variety of second-hand bottles were probably collected from around Dawson City, many of which were then reused at the new brewery, the remainder being discarded along the nearby river shore. The
312:, sold his shares in the brewery to Joseph Segber, who appointed F. Vinnicomb to manage the company day-to-day. The sale of alcohol in the territory was suspended in the autumn of 1919, full
118:, Canada from 1904 to 1919. It was established during a period in which Dawson City was expected to become an important regional city, and used modern techniques and equipment imported from
881:
Burley, David V.; Will, Michael H. (2000). "'The Beer That Made
Klondike Famous and Milwaukee Jealous': The O'Brien Brewing and Malting Company Site, Klondike City, Yukon".
300:
health benefits of beer and the company's role in championing a local, pioneering industry - sales dropped considerably after 1908, falling to 31,305 gallons by 1910.
883:
274:
known as the "steam beers". He used his political connections to support the imposition of a 50 cent per gallon tax on foreign beer in the Yukon in 1907.
325:
In 1977 the site was threatened with destruction as part of wider plans to dredge the
Klondike City site for gold. The land was instead purchased by the
333:. An archaeological investigation of the site took place in 1998, documenting the structure of the building and analysing the industrial remains.
951:
941:
322:
intact bottles still in place. The remains of a Perfection Bottling Machine and a Crown capping device were left buried beneath the debris.
946:
206:
O'Brien intended the brewery to be a modern facility similar to those in California, and brought in Charles Bolbrugge, a brewer from
330:
135:
922:
871:
852:
270:
of beer could be produced a day and, by September, the brewery's lager was selling at $ 3.50 for a dozen bottles.
228:
295:
brewery's products. Export sales in the highly competitive Alaskan marketplace failed to materialise. The
266:
and various non-alcoholic sodas and drinks. Newspaper reports suggested that between 1,200 and 1,500
134:
forced its closure. The brewery was abandoned, and the remains of the site are now owned by the
200:
370:
326:
267:
178:
123:
103:
82:
8:
296:
215:
127:
892:
841:
183:
155:
918:
867:
848:
318:
282:
452:"Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount - 1774 to Present"
242:
A variety of products were manufactured over the lifetime of the brewery, including
224:
361:
164:
130:
attitudes threatened the business. O'Brien sold the company in 1915, and in 1919
115:
167:
in 1900, and by the following year it had a stable population of around 10,000.
146:
935:
365:
309:
255:
211:
207:
196:
107:
38:
451:
313:
263:
159:
131:
111:
68:
906:
Special Brew: Industrial Archaeology and History of the Klondike Brewery
896:
449:
247:
220:
119:
908:. Dale Eftoda, Minister, US: Heritage Branch, Government of the Yukon.
357:
203:
terminal, also owned by O'Brien. It opened for business in April.
214:, which minimised the requirements for power supplies, and had a
210:, to run the operation. The facility probably took the form of a
99:
915:
Gamblers and Dreamers: Women, Men, and Community in the Klondike
287:
246:, "Blue Label" and "Special Brew" branded lagers, "Red Label"
126:
of beer in 1905, but Dawson's population declined and growing
259:
243:
72:
42:
34:
308:
In 1915, O'Brien, by now in poor health as a consequence of
917:. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press.
251:
236:
232:
171:
30:
375:
154:
Dawson City was founded in 1896 in the early days of the
884:
IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology
374:$ 35.5 million respectively, using a relative share of
239:
for the brewing process were imported from California.
150:
Site of the future brewery shown in 1898, marked in red
792:
790:
807:
805:
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450:Lawrence H. Officer; Samuel H. Williamson (2014),
787:
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122:. It was initially successful, selling 68,748
864:Klondike: The Last Great Gold Rush 1896–1899
694:
692:
904:Burley, David V.; Will, Michael H. (2002).
847:. Toronto, Canada: McClelland and Stewart.
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952:Canadian companies established in 1904
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942:Beer brewing companies based in Yukon
175:population declined and prices fell.
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16:Canadian brewery and malting company
329:, and the site is now owned by the
92:O'Brien Brewing and Malting Company
22:O'Brien Brewing and Malting Company
13:
866:. Toronto, Canada: Anchor Canada.
14:
963:
947:1919 disestablishments in Canada
839:Berton, Laura Beatrice (1974).
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331:Tr'ondek Hwech'in First Nation
229:artificial refrigeration plant
136:Tr'ondek Hwech'in First Nation
1:
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141:
110:, an adjoining settlement to
286:The brewery's beer sales in
7:
189:
10:
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913:Porsild, Charlene (1998).
364:were both attached to the
303:
277:
784:, pp. 32, 35, 49, 51
78:
64:
56:
48:
26:
862:Berton, Pierre (2001) .
356:During this period, the
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843:I Married the Klondike
824:Burley & Will 2002
812:Burley & Will 2002
797:Burley & Will 2002
782:Burley & Will 2002
770:Burley & Will 2002
758:Burley & Will 2002
754:Burley & Will 2000
739:Burley & Will 2000
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715:Burley & Will 2002
703:Burley & Will 2002
684:Burley & Will 2002
672:Burley & Will 2002
660:Burley & Will 2000
648:Burley & Will 2002
636:Burley & Will 2002
632:Burley & Will 2000
620:Burley & Will 2002
608:Burley & Will 2002
596:Burley & Will 2002
584:Burley & Will 2002
572:Burley & Will 2002
568:Burley & Will 2000
556:Burley & Will 2002
552:Burley & Will 2000
535:Burley & Will 2002
531:Burley & Will 2000
516:Burley & Will 2002
512:Burley & Will 2000
500:Burley & Will 2002
484:Burley & Will 2000
472:Burley & Will 2002
438:Burley & Will 2002
426:Burley & Will 2000
291:
201:Klondike Mines Railway
151:
799:, pp. 35, 51, 67
558:, pp. 11, 15, 32
285:
149:
371:Consumer Price Index
327:Government of Canada
94:, also known as the
297:temperance movement
23:
634:, pp. 39–40;
533:, pp. 38–39;
292:
195:53,000 of land in
184:district of Alaska
156:Klondike Gold Rush
152:
21:
772:, pp. 32, 35
717:, pp. 17, 19
598:, pp. 29, 88
586:, pp. 25, 65
225:bottling machines
88:
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400:, pp. 47–48
395:
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362:Canadian dollars
354:
158:, alongside the
96:Klondike Brewery
24:
20:
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165:Yukon Territory
144:
116:Yukon Territory
17:
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5:
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279:
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258:, "Champagne"
191:
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179:Thomas O'Brien
143:
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104:Thomas O'Brien
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83:Thomas O'Brien
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873:0-385-65844-3
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366:gold standard
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310:alcohol abuse
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250:, "Bohemiam"
249:
245:
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226:
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217:
213:
212:tower brewery
209:
208:San Francisco
204:
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197:Klondike City
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148:
139:
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108:Klondike City
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63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
19:
914:
905:
891:(1): 37–54.
888:
882:
863:
842:
833:Bibliography
819:
777:
765:
760:, p. 22
734:
729:, p. 29
722:
710:
705:, p. 16
686:, p. 16
679:
667:
662:, p. 40
655:
643:
627:
622:, p. 23
615:
610:, p. 79
603:
591:
579:
563:
537:, p. 13
518:, p. 17
507:
495:
490:, p. 97
488:Porsild 1998
479:
474:, p. 13
467:
456:, retrieved
445:
433:
428:, p. 38
422:Porsild 1998
417:
410:Porsild 1998
405:
393:
324:
307:
293:
272:
241:
205:
193:
177:
169:
153:
95:
91:
89:
65:Headquarters
27:Company type
18:
826:, p. 4
814:, p. 3
699:Berton 1974
574:, p. 1
458:5 September
398:Berton 2001
314:prohibition
264:ginger beer
221:steam pumps
160:Yukon River
132:prohibition
112:Dawson City
102:founded by
69:Dawson City
936:Categories
386:References
248:steam beer
142:Background
128:temperance
120:California
319:Fairbanks
290:, 1904-10
216:cooperage
170:Imported
897:40968505
190:Creation
98:, was a
304:Closure
288:gallons
278:Decline
268:gallons
227:and an
124:gallons
100:brewery
57:Defunct
49:Founded
921:
895:
870:
851:
378:index.
256:porter
39:porter
893:JSTOR
337:Notes
260:cider
244:lager
79:Owner
73:Yukon
43:cider
35:lager
919:ISBN
868:ISBN
849:ISBN
460:2015
360:and
252:bock
237:hops
235:and
233:malt
172:beer
90:The
60:1919
52:1904
31:Beer
376:GDP
106:in
938::
889:26
887:.
804:^
789:^
746:^
691:^
542:^
523:^
358:US
345:^
262:,
254:,
223:,
186:.
138:.
114:,
71:,
41:,
37:,
33:,
927:.
899:.
876:.
857:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
