416:, a girl). After 36 BC, Octavia returned to Rome with the daughters of her second marriage. On several occasions she acted as a political advisor and negotiator between her husband and brother. For example, in the spring of 37 BC, while pregnant with her daughter Antonia Minor, she was considered essential to an arms deal held at Tarentum, in which Antony and Augustus agreed to aid each other in their Parthian and Sicilian campaigns. She had won over her brother's advisers Agrippa and Maecenas and convinced him to renew their alliance. She was hailed as a "marvel of womankind." In 35 BC, after Antony suffered a disastrous campaign in Parthia, she brought fresh troops, provisions, and funds to Athens. There Antony had left a letter for her, instructing her to go no further. Mark Antony divorced Octavia in late 33 BC. In 33, Antony sent men to eject her from his house in Rome. She became sole caretaker of their children, except for Antyllus who was already with his father in the East. After Antony's suicide in 30 BC, her brother executed Antyllus but allowed Octavia to raise Antony's younger son Iullus by Fulvia as well as his children by Cleopatra (the two sons Alexander Helios and
29:
525:
352:
2251:
1071:
993:
957:
832:
429:
1883:"Octavian was much attached to his sister, and she possessed all the charms, accomplishments and virtues likely to fascinate the affections and secure a lasting influence over the mind of a husband. Her beauty was universally allowed to be superior to that of Cleopatra and her virtue was such as to excite even admiration in an age of growing licentiousness and corruption."
327:, and was eventually pardoned by him. In 47 BC he was able to intercede with Caesar for his cousin and namesake, also a former consul, then living in exile. Presumably, Octavia continued to live with her husband from the time of their marriage (she would have been between 12 and 15 when they married) to her husband's death. They had three surviving children:
541:
in her memory). Augustus also had the Roman senate declare his sister to be a goddess. Augustus declined some other honors decreed to her by the senate, for reasons unknown. She was one of the first Roman women to have coins minted bearing her image; only Antony's previous wife Fulvia pre-empted her.
459:
were required to have. This meant they could freely manage their own finances. Finally, they were the first women in Rome to have statues and portraits displayed en masse in public places. Previously, only one woman, Cornelia, mother of the
Gracchi, had been part of the public statues displayed in
536:
Octavia died of natural causes. Suetonius says she died in
Augustus' 54th year, thus 11 BC with Roman inclusive counting. Her funeral was a public one, with her sons-in-law (Drusus, Ahenobarbus, Iullus Antonius, and possibly Paullus Aemillius Lepidus) carrying her to the grave in the Mausoleum of
480:
recited three whole books for
Augustus: the second, fourth, and sixth—this last out of his well-known affection for Octavia, who (being present at the recitation) is said to have fainted at the lines about her son, "… You shall be Marcellus" . Revived only with difficulty, she sent Virgil ten
1411:
499:, II.) but Seneca may wish to show off his rhetorical skill with hyperbole, rather than adhere to fact. Some dispute Seneca's version, as Octavia publicly opened the Library of Marcellus, dedicated in his memory, while her brother completed the building of
503:
in his honor. Undoubtedly
Octavia attended both ceremonies, as well as the Ara Pacis ceremony to welcome her brother's return in 13BC from the provinces. She was also consulted in regard to, and in some versions advised, that Augustus's daughter
460:
Rome. In
Augustus' rebuilding of Rome as a city of marble, Octavia was featured. In all her representations, she wore the "nodus" hairstyle, which at the time was considered conservative and dignified, and worn by women from many classes.
371:
having died shortly before). This marriage had to be approved by the Senate, as she was pregnant with her first husband's child, and was a politically motivated attempt to cement the uneasy alliance between her brother
Octavian and
238:
One of the most prominent women in Roman history, Octavia was respected and admired by contemporaries for her loyalty, nobility and humanity, as well as for maintaining traditional Roman feminine virtues.
1150:, in which the poet read the passage in Book VI in praise of Octavia's late son Marcellus and Octavia fainted with grief, has inspired several works of art. The most famous example is
316:. Thus, Octavia's husband continued to oppose Julius Caesar, including in the crucial year of his consulship, 50 BC. Civil war broke out when Caesar invaded Italy from Gaul in 49 BC.
1426:
376:; however, Octavia does appear to have been a loyal and faithful wife to Antony. Between 40 and 36 BC, she travelled with Antony to various provinces and lived with him in his
489:
She may have never fully recovered from the death of her son, and retired from public life, except on important occasions. The major source that
Octavia never recovered is
1156:
1698:
61. A Roman child is 1 year old until its 365th day, when it becomes 2. Thus
Augustus' 54th year = 10 BC, since he was born in 63. Note that Dio 54.35.4-5 is not datable.
766:
280:. Octavia spent much of her childhood travelling with her parents. Marcius was in charge of educating Octavia and her brother Octavian, later known as Augustus.
312:(Caesar's daughter, and thus Octavia's cousin once removed). The couple did not want to get a divorce, so instead Pompey declined the proposal and married
537:
Augustus. Drusus delivered one funeral oration from the rostra and
Augustus gave her the highest posthumous honors (building the Gate of Octavia and
2053:
647:
559:
464:
336:
451:, meaning it was illegal to verbally insult them. Previously, this had only been granted to tribunes. Livia and Octavia were made immune from
713:
1834:
1955:
Fulvia und
Octavia: die beiden Ehefrauen des Marcus Antonius in den politischen Kämpfen der Umbruchszeit zwischen Republik und Principat
672:
580:
Octavia and Mark Antony had two surviving daughters by their marriage (her second, his fourth), and both were the ancestors of later
323:, was an initial opponent of Julius Caesar when Caesar invaded Italy, but did not take up arms against his wife's great uncle at the
28:
467:. When Marcellus died of illness in 23 BC unexpectedly, Augustus was thunderstruck and Octavia disconsolate almost beyond recovery.
304:. In 54 BC, Octavia's great-uncle Julius Caesar is said to have been anxious for her to divorce her husband so that she could marry
2192:
867:
718:
1812:
824:
417:
289:
277:
99:
1887:
1879:
973:
2169:
404:
The alliance was severely tested by Antony's abandonment of Octavia and their children in favor of his former lover Queen
2292:
276:; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. Her mother later remarried, to the consul
2046:
786:
780:
1801:"St. Melania (the Younger)." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 Mar. 2013
1281:
Their names are unknown, but it is known that all of them were killed by Nero, thus descent from this line is extinct.
2122:
2114:
1547:
871:
2164:
2150:
2145:
2140:
705:
1183:
Octavia's later life, around the time of the death of Marcellus, is depicted in the 1976 television adaptation of
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2197:
1991:
1233:
774:
2015:
167:
132:
2312:
2255:
2039:
1151:
898:
2277:
2005:
1779:
Continuité gentilice et continuité sénatoriale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale
408:
of Egypt (Antony and Cleopatra had met in 41 BC, an interaction that resulted in Cleopatra bearing twins,
2302:
1241:
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856:
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760:
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257:
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177:
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381:
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1245:
1222:
A highly fictionalized version of Octavia's early life is depicted in the 2005 television series
1044:
443:
In 35 BC, Augustus accorded a number of honours and privileges to Octavia, and also to his wife,
1193:. The role was played by Angela Morant, and should not be confused with her great-granddaughter
2282:
1161:
686:
653:
569:
564:
513:
437:
332:
328:
309:
157:
127:
122:
343:
Octavia bore Marcellus four sons and four daughters. Her husband Marcellus died in May 40 BC.
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2226:
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224:
85:
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2010:
8:
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790:
413:
324:
1981:
1820:
1335:
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1257:
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931:
555:
Octavia and her first husband had one son and two daughters who survived to adulthood.
490:
1542:. Vol. Women of the Ancient World (illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 25.
1543:
1450:
1177:
1058:
804:
754:
724:
588:
538:
529:
389:
231:, and paternal great-grandmother and maternal great-great-grandmother of the Emperor
212:
137:
114:
1922:
1438:
1405:
1224:
409:
313:
301:
1927:
952:
Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus Major (born between 7 and 12 AD), died in childhood
512:
after her mourning for Marcellus ended. Agrippa had to divorce Octavia's daughter
380:
mansion. There she raised her children by Marcellus as well as Antony's two sons;
2234:
2175:
1194:
1090:
1084:
846:
732:
698:
505:
385:
1857:
1835:"Domina, il cast: Claire Forlani e Alexandra Moloney presentano Ottavia. VIDEO"
1535:
1262:
1165:
1147:
1018:
999:
Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) (same man as
943:
Tiberius Julius Caesar Germanicus (born between 7 and 12 AD), died as an infant
470:
189:
54:
2025:
1910:
1905:
1720:
1442:
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916:
789:(c. 75 – after 115), according to some authors, this man may be one of Saint
678:
622:
598:
581:
516:
in order to marry Julia, so Augustus wanted Octavia's endorsement very much.
456:
447: – previously unheard of for women in Rome. They were granted
393:
265:
204:
142:
2212:
1229:
1064:
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Germanicus II Gemellus (19 AD – 23 AD), died young
619:
524:
360:
293:
74:
351:
2207:
1748:
1476:
1189:
1038:
740:
373:
364:
216:
104:
70:
50:
1960:
Foubert, Lien. “Vesta and Julio-Claudian women in imperial propaganda.”
2202:
2061:
1216:
922:
1895:
says merely that she was "distinguished for her beauty and her virtue"
1790:
Potter, David S., The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395 (2004), pg. 389
1313:
1138:
405:
1070:
992:
956:
831:
339:. All three were born in Italy. However, according to the anonymous
1389:
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630:
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602:
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253:
228:
220:
208:
1939:
Cluett, Ronald. “Roman women and triumviral politics, 43-37 B.C.”
1510:
1032:
428:
288:
Some time before 54 BC, her stepfather arranged for her to marry
152:
1468:
1143:
474:
455:, the male guardianship which all women in Rome except for the
377:
368:
320:
305:
444:
273:
1157:
Virgil reading The Aeneid before Augustus, Livia and Octavia
292:. He was a member of the influential plebeian branch of the
1651:
1202:
836:
634:
592:
269:
232:
66:
46:
1946:
Erhart, K. P. “A new portrait type of Octavia Minor (?).”
1858:"Octavia Minor and the Transition from Republic to Empire"
388:, as well as the two daughters of her marriage to Antony,
1330:
1328:
1326:
1136:
A famous anecdote, recorded in the late fourth-century
1969:
The First ladies of Rome: the women behind the Caesars
1638:
The First Ladies of Rome: The Women behind the Caesars
1589:
The First Ladies of Rome: The Women behind the Caesars
1565:
The First Ladies of Rome: The Women behind the Caesars
1323:
367:
in October 40 BC, as his fourth wife (his third wife
1261:(2021), Octavia was played by Alexandra Moloney and
637:, were amongst the most famous of her descendants.
219:. She was also the great-grandmother of the Emperor
1050:
Gaius Rubellius Blandus (? – ?), issue unknown
1366:
2028:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
1295:
2269:
1766:Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284
1180:, have also been inspired to depict this scene.
1232:) seduces and sleeps with her younger brother,
1197:(also referred to as "Octavia" in the series),
875:
863:
862:Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (same man as
712:
704:
1923:Marcellus, Octavia's only son who died aged 20
1706:
1704:
843:(Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) (37 AD – 68 AD)
252:Octavia was born around 66 BC. Full sister to
2047:
949:(born between 7 and 12 AD), died as an infant
211:(known also as Octavian), the half-sister of
1635:
1586:
1562:
1053:Rubellius Drusus (? – ?), issue unknown
463:Augustus adored, but never adopted, her son
1701:
1252:), none of which has any historical basis.
1201:'s daughter and wife of the future emperor
669:Iullus Antonius (? – ?), issue unknown
203:– 11 BC) was the elder sister of the first
2054:
2040:
1928:Julia, Octavia's daughter-in-law and niece
1906:Octavia's birth and life discussed briefly
1744:
1742:
1740:
420:, and one daughter, Cleopatra Selene II).
1941:Echos du monde classique. Classical views
1771:
849:(January 63 AD – April 63 AD), died young
16:Roman noblewoman, full-sister of Augustus
2193:List of cultural depictions of Cleopatra
1591:. London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 30–37.
609:, and great-grandmother to Emperor Nero.
523:
427:
350:
256:, Octavia was the only daughter born of
1737:
1534:
1453:– via Cambridge University Press.
436:, Book VI, to Augustus and Octavia, by
2270:
1758:
1427:"Marcia Catonis and the Fulmen Clarum"
1424:
1131:
890:
882:
723:
227:, maternal grandmother of the Emperor
2035:
1855:
1372:
1301:
1047:(33 AD – 62 AD), had several children
473:, in his Life of Vergil, states that
1911:Octavia's marriage discussed briefly
1640:. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 38.
1585:49.33.3-4. See also a modern source,
1415:, Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων 1 (1904), p. 148
1205:, who was played by Cheryl Johnson.
1106:
1059:Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus
731:
1244:) and a romantic relationship with
964:Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (
840:Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
13:
1868:
1652:"Aelius Donatus, "Life of Virgil""
736:(39 AD or 40 AD – 62 AD), no issue
346:
14:
2324:
1975:
1228:, in which Octavia of the Julii (
1061:(19AD – 37 AD or 38 AD), no issue
881:Valeria Messalina (same woman as
714:Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
283:
2250:
2249:
1948:The J. Paul Getty Museum journal
1117:
1069:
991:
955:
830:
739:
706:Marcus Valerius Messala Barbatus
27:
2198:Cultural depictions of Augustus
1827:
1805:
1793:
1784:
1713:
1688:
1662:
1644:
1636:Freisenbruch, Annelise (2010).
1629:
1612:
1595:
1587:Freisenbruch, Annelise (2010).
1571:
1563:Freisenbruch, Annelise (2010).
1556:
1528:
1503:
1486:
1425:Tansey, Patrick (May 7, 2013).
1275:
1105:Claudia Octavia (same woman as
938:Drusus Julius Caesar Germanicus
775:Gaius Vipstanus Messalla Gallus
1967:Freisenbruch, Annelise. 2010.
1457:
1418:
1410:Ἀνέκδοτον ἀπόσπασμα συγγραϕῆς
1399:
1378:
1353:
1307:
1097:
904:
717:(? – ?), possibly son of
675:(20 BC – AD 25), issue unknown
613:
1:
1288:
1160:but other artists, including
1152:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1033:Claudia Livia Julia (Livilla)
932:Nero Julius Caesar Germanicus
899:Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix
423:
308:, who had just lost his wife
197:
39:
2016:Resources in other libraries
1957:. Berlin: Logos-Verl., 1999.
1893:Nuttall Encyclopedia profile
1768:(2011), pg. 123-124-125-127.
1236:, has a lesbian affair with
399:
247:
7:
976:(39 AD – 41 AD), died young
825:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
769:(? – ?), issue unknown
695:(? – ?), issue unknown
681:(? – ?), issue unknown
10:
2329:
2293:1st-century BC Roman women
1412:περὶ τοῦ Καισαρείου γένους
1096:A son (same individual as
1079:Caesar Augustus Germanicus
857:Domitia Lepida the Younger
817:Quintus Haterius Antoninus
761:Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola
528:Today's appearance of the
496:De Consolatione ad Marciam
341:Περὶ τοῦ καισαρείου γένους
300:, a famous general in the
296:family and descended from
2245:
2185:
2133:
2106:
2075:
2011:Resources in your library
1841:(in Italian). 6 May 2021.
1781:(2000), pgs. 227-228-229.
1676:. Encyclopædia Britannica
1443:10.1017/S000983881200081X
1248:(based on the historical
1112:Tiberius Claudius Caesar
1027:(18 AD – 42 AD), no issue
1021:(16 AD – 38 AD), no issue
1008:
1000:
835:
787:Lucius Vipstanus Messalla
781:Lucius Vipstanus Messalla
747:(41 AD – 55 AD), no issue
741:Tiberius Claudius Caesar
728:(17 AD or 20 AD – 48 AD)
650:(42 BC – 23 BC), no issue
648:Marcus Claudius Marcellus
605:, grandmother to Emperor
591:: grandmother to Emperor
576:Children with Mark Antony
560:Marcus Claudius Marcellus
337:Marcus Claudius Marcellus
298:Marcus Claudius Marcellus
215:, and the fourth wife of
173:
163:
151:
133:Marcus Claudius Marcellus
113:
92:
80:
60:
35:
26:
21:
1971:. London: Jonathan Cape.
1943:17, no. 1 (1998), 67–84.
1753:The Augustan Aristocracy
1567:. London: Jonathan Cape.
1336:"Octavia Minor - Livius"
1268:
1250:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
1240:(the series' version of
1085:Tiberius Claudius Drusus
940:(8 AD – 33 AD), no issue
934:(6 AD – 30 AD), no issue
811:Domitia Lepida the Elder
767:Gaius Valerius Poplicola
693:Paullus Aemilius Regulus
545:
519:
485:for each of the verses."
363:decree, Octavia married
290:Gaius Claudius Marcellus
278:Lucius Marcius Philippus
100:Gaius Claudius Marcellus
2158:The Spread of the Eagle
1888:Details on Octavia pt 2
1880:Details on Octavia pt 1
1856:Moore, Katrina (2017).
1431:The Classical Quarterly
1219:in an uncredited role.
1045:Gaius Rubellius Plautus
807:(39 BC – before 25 AD)
665:Vipsania Marcella Minor
660:Vipsania Marcella Major
551:Children with Marcellus
355:Mark Antony and Octavia
319:Marcellus, a friend of
242:
2308:Julio-Claudian dynasty
1917:Family and descendants
1777:Settipani, Christian.
1521:5.93-95; Cassius Dio,
1162:Jean-Joseph Taillasson
777:(c. 10 BC – after 60)
687:Claudia Marcella Minor
654:Claudia Marcella Major
570:Claudia Marcella Minor
565:Claudia Marcella Major
533:
514:Claudia Marcella Major
487:
440:
356:
333:Claudia Marcella Minor
329:Claudia Marcella Major
268:. Octavia was born in
193:
128:Claudia Marcella Minor
123:Claudia Marcella Major
1863:. Clemson University.
1605:57.4-5; Cassius Dio,
1238:Servilia of the Junii
527:
478:
431:
396:who were born there.
354:
260:' second marriage to
225:Agrippina the Younger
86:Mausoleum of Augustus
2313:Wives of Mark Antony
2123:Antony and Cleopatra
2115:Antony and Cleopatra
2068:Antony and Cleopatra
1513:in 37 BC: Plutarch,
1509:So at the treaty of
757:(c. 10 BC – ?)
601:: mother to Emperor
418:Ptolemy Philadelphus
2278:Octavia the Younger
2063:William Shakespeare
1997:Octavia the Younger
1964:45 (2015), 187–204.
1725:virtualreligion.net
1215:, she is played by
1170:Jean-Baptiste Wicar
1132:Cultural depictions
1093:(c. 30 AD – 66 AD)
868:Aurelius Messalinus
866:), possibly son of
813:(c. 19 BC – 59 AD)
763:(c. 10 – after 59)
719:Aurelius Messalinus
643:Octavia the Younger
501:Marcellus's theatre
325:Battle of Pharsalus
186:Octavia the Younger
2303:Family of Augustus
1823:on March 10, 2016.
1813:"Cleopatra (1963)"
1174:Jean-Bruno Gassies
534:
441:
357:
64:11 BC (aged c. 55)
2265:
2264:
2076:Stage adaptations
1992:Library resources
1950:8 (1980), 117–28.
1674:Britannica Online
1622:87; Cassius Dio,
1581:53; Cassius Dio,
1255:In the TV series
1178:Angelica Kaufmann
1154:'s 1812 painting
986:(Agrippina Minor)
872:Valerius Barbatus
755:Valeria Messallia
725:Valeria Messalina
539:Porticus Octaviae
530:Porticus Octaviae
213:Octavia the Elder
183:
182:
138:Antonia the Elder
2320:
2253:
2252:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2032:
1874:Life and virtues
1864:
1862:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1819:. Archived from
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1746:
1735:
1734:
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1532:
1526:
1507:
1501:
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1461:
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1454:
1422:
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1406:Spyridon Lambros
1403:
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1382:
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1370:
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1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1332:
1321:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1282:
1279:
1081:(10 BC – 54 AD)
1073:
1035:(13 BC – 31 AD)
995:
970:(12 AD – 41 AD)
959:
928:(15 BC – 19 AD)
919:(36 BC – 37 AD)
906:
901:(22 AD – 62 AD)
859:(10 BC – 54 AD)
842:
834:
827:(17 BC – 40 AD)
783:(c. 45 – c. 80)
746:
735:
727:
716:
709:(11 BC – 20/21)
708:
414:Cleopatra Selene
410:Alexander Helios
314:Cornelia Metella
302:Second Punic War
202:
199:
44:
41:
31:
19:
18:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2241:
2235:Roman Tragedies
2181:
2129:
2102:
2071:
2060:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1978:
1962:Ancient society
1871:
1869:Further reading
1860:
1847:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1799:Schlitz, Carl.
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1759:
1755:(1986), pg. 242
1747:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1719:
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1600:
1596:
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1572:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1536:Fantham, Elaine
1533:
1529:
1508:
1504:
1491:
1487:
1475:5.64 and 5.66;
1462:
1458:
1423:
1419:
1404:
1400:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1195:Claudia Octavia
1134:
1129:
1091:Claudia Antonia
1041:(7 AD – 43 AD)
847:Claudia Augusta
733:Claudia Octavia
699:Claudia Pulchra
673:Lucius Antonius
616:
548:
522:
432:Virgil reading
426:
402:
349:
347:Second marriage
286:
250:
245:
200:
147:
109:
88:
65:
45:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2326:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1976:External links
1974:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1876:
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1867:
1866:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1826:
1804:
1792:
1783:
1770:
1764:Mennen, Inge.
1757:
1736:
1712:
1700:
1687:
1661:
1643:
1628:
1611:
1594:
1570:
1555:
1548:
1527:
1502:
1485:
1456:
1437:(1): 423–426.
1417:
1398:
1377:
1365:
1352:
1340:www.livius.org
1322:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1263:Claire Forlani
1246:Marcus Agrippa
1234:Gaius Octavian
1166:Antonio Zucchi
1148:Aelius Donatus
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1088:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1054:
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1030:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1019:Julia Drusilla
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
979:
978:
977:
974:Julia Drusilla
953:
950:
944:
941:
935:
914:
913:
912:
911:
910:
909:
908:
896:
895:
894:
879:
854:
853:
852:
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822:
821:
820:
802:
801:
800:
799:
798:
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796:
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772:
771:
770:
752:
751:
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748:
737:
721:
702:
696:
684:
683:
682:
676:
670:
667:
662:
651:
639:
615:
612:
611:
610:
596:
582:Roman emperors
578:
577:
573:
572:
567:
562:
553:
552:
547:
544:
521:
518:
471:Aelius Donatus
457:Vestal Virgins
449:sacrosanctitas
425:
422:
401:
398:
348:
345:
285:
284:First marriage
282:
272:, present-day
258:Gaius Octavius
249:
246:
244:
241:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
168:Gaius Octavius
165:
161:
160:
158:Julio-Claudian
155:
149:
148:
146:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
119:
117:
111:
110:
108:
107:
102:
96:
94:
90:
89:
84:
82:
78:
77:
62:
58:
57:
55:Roman Republic
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2325:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:60s BC births
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2258:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2084:The False One
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1986:on livius.org
1985:
1984:
1983:Octavia Minor
1980:
1979:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1934:Print sources
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
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1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1624:Roman History
1621:
1615:
1608:
1607:Roman History
1604:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1583:Roman History
1580:
1574:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1549:9781134323449
1545:
1541:
1540:Julia Augusti
1537:
1531:
1524:
1523:Roman History
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1481:Roman History
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1375:, p. 28.
1374:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:Robert Graves
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1119:
1116:(same man as
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1025:Julia Livilla
1023:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:See his line
1005:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:
988:(15 AD – 59)
987:
985:
980:
975:
972:
971:
969:
967:
963:
958:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
927:
926:Julius Caesar
925:
921:
920:
918:
917:Antonia Minor
915:
903:
902:
900:
897:
893:
892:
889:See her line
887:
886:
884:
880:
877:
874:(same man as
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:
858:
855:
848:
845:
844:
841:
839:
833:
829:
828:
826:
823:
818:
815:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
805:Antonia Major
803:
793:'s ancestors.
792:
788:
785:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
773:
768:
765:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
753:
745:
744:
738:
734:
730:
729:
726:
722:
720:
715:
711:
710:
707:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
690:
689:(born 40 BC)
688:
685:
680:
679:Iulla Antonia
677:
674:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:(born 41 BC)
655:
652:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
621:
608:
604:
600:
599:Antonia Minor
597:
594:
590:
589:Antonia Major
587:
586:
585:
583:
575:
574:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
550:
549:
543:
540:
531:
526:
517:
515:
511:
507:
502:
498:
497:
492:
486:
484:
477:
476:
472:
468:
466:
461:
458:
454:
450:
446:
439:
435:
430:
421:
419:
415:
412:, a boy, and
411:
407:
406:Cleopatra VII
397:
395:
394:Antonia Minor
391:
390:Antonia Major
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
366:
362:
353:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:Julius Caesar
263:
259:
255:
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:Roman emperor
195:
194:Octavia Minor
191:
187:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
144:
143:Antonia Minor
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
118:
116:
112:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
38:
34:
30:
25:
22:Octavia Minor
20:
2298:Octavii Rufi
2288:11 BC deaths
2254:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2213:Thomas North
2178:(2016; film)
2156:
2121:
2113:
2096:All for Love
2094:
2088:
2082:
2066:
2006:Online books
1996:
1982:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1882:
1838:
1829:
1821:the original
1816:
1807:
1795:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1749:Syme, Ronald
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1695:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1539:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1517:35; Appian,
1514:
1505:
1497:
1496:33; Appian,
1493:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1339:
1317:
1309:
1304:, p. 9.
1297:
1277:
1256:
1254:
1230:Kerry Condon
1223:
1221:
1211:
1207:
1188:
1182:
1155:
1137:
1135:
1113:
1087:, died young
1076:
1006:
996:
983:
965:
961:
946:
923:
907:, died young
888:
837:
819:(? – ?)
742:
642:
617:
579:
554:
535:
494:
488:
479:
469:
462:
452:
448:
442:
433:
403:
358:
340:
318:
287:
251:
237:
223:and Empress
201: 66 BC
185:
184:
75:Roman Empire
43: 66 BC
1710:Dio 54.35.5
1477:Cassius Dio
1384:Suetonius,
1359:Suetonius,
1190:I, Claudius
1114:Britannicus
1039:Julia Livia
743:Britannicus
614:Descendants
374:Mark Antony
365:Mark Antony
264:, niece of
217:Mark Antony
105:Mark Antony
2272:Categories
2203:Salad days
2161:(1963; TV)
1900:Discussion
1730:2016-03-08
1656:virgil.org
1618:Plutarch,
1601:Plutarch,
1577:Plutarch,
1519:Civil Wars
1498:Civil Wars
1492:Plutarch,
1473:Civil Wars
1463:Plutarch,
1373:Moore 2017
1302:Moore 2017
1289:References
1217:Jean Marsh
1210:1963 film
924:Germanicus
701:(14 BC–26)
438:Taillasson
424:Later life
361:Senatorial
2227:Cleopatra
2219:Cleopatra
2134:On screen
1953:Fischer.
1721:"Octavia"
1696:Div. Aug.
1670:"Octavia"
1451:170989205
1314:Suetonius
1212:Cleopatra
1187:'s novel
1075:Tiberius
984:Agrippina
483:sesterces
481:thousand
465:Marcellus
400:Breakdown
248:Childhood
196: ;
2256:Category
2176:Zulfiqar
1538:(2006).
1390:Plutarch
1386:Augustus
1345:March 8,
1318:Augustus
1242:Servilia
1199:Claudius
1077:Claudius
966:Caligula
631:Claudius
627:Caligula
623:emperors
607:Caligula
603:Claudius
382:Antyllus
378:Athenian
294:Claudian
254:Augustus
229:Claudius
221:Caligula
209:Augustus
2186:Related
2026:Octavia
1850:Sources
1626:51.15.5
1511:Taranto
1483:48.31.3
1208:In the
947:Ignotus
791:Melania
510:Agrippa
153:Dynasty
2238:(2007)
2230:(1917)
2222:(1912)
2126:(2022)
2118:(1966)
2099:(1677)
1994:about
1839:sky.it
1694:Suet.
1680:21 May
1620:Antony
1609:50.3.2
1603:Antony
1579:Antony
1546:
1515:Antony
1494:Antony
1469:Appian
1465:Antony
1449:
1394:Antony
1388:63.1;
1361:Caesar
1258:Domina
1144:Virgil
982:Julia
618:Three
508:marry
491:Seneca
475:Virgil
453:tutela
434:Aeneid
386:Iullus
369:Fulvia
321:Cicero
306:Pompey
174:Mother
164:Father
93:Spouse
81:Burial
2107:Opera
2091:1620)
1861:(PDF)
1525:48.54
1447:S2CID
1269:Notes
1118:above
1107:above
1098:above
1009:above
1001:above
962:Gaius
905:A son
891:above
883:above
876:above
864:above
620:Roman
546:Issue
520:Death
506:Julia
445:Livia
359:By a
310:Julia
274:Italy
190:Latin
115:Issue
71:Italy
51:Italy
2172:(TV)
2170:1974
2165:1972
2153:(TV)
2151:1959
2146:1913
2141:1908
1682:2016
1544:ISBN
1500:5.76
1467:31;
1363:27.1
1347:2016
1225:Rome
1203:Nero
1176:and
1139:vita
997:Nero
838:Nero
635:Nero
633:and
593:Nero
392:and
384:and
335:and
270:Nola
262:Atia
243:Life
233:Nero
178:Atia
67:Rome
61:Died
47:Nola
36:Born
2208:Asp
2065:'s
1817:BFI
1439:doi
1320:4.1
1146:by
1142:of
870:or
2274::
2089:c.
1837:.
1815:.
1751:.
1739:^
1723:.
1703:^
1672:.
1654:.
1479:,
1471:,
1445:.
1435:63
1433:.
1429:.
1408:,
1396:87
1392:,
1338:.
1325:^
1316:,
1265:.
1172:,
1168:,
1164:,
1003:)
885:)
629:,
625:,
584:.
331:,
235:.
207:,
198:c.
192::
73:,
69:,
53:,
49:,
40:c.
2087:(
2055:e
2048:t
2041:v
1733:.
1684:.
1658:.
1552:.
1441::
1349:.
1120:)
1109:)
1100:)
968:)
878:)
595:.
532:.
493:(
188:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
