833:
X-100 replacement should generate minimal manufacturing process change, because only then the necessary updates of regulatory filings for medicines could be realized without additional animal experiments or even clinical studies. Therefore, an alternative virus-inactivating detergent should have physico-chemical properties similar to Triton X-100, be soluble, easy to remove, and eco-friendly, and not degrade to toxic metabolites. In a recent study, two alternatives for antiviral treatment in biopharmaceutical manufacturing have been identified: Triton X-100 reduced, as well as a novel compound which was named Nereid (after the mermaids in Greek mythology). As reflected by the name, Nereid can be seen as just another relative of the Triton X-100 family, however, due to a small molecular difference, it does not degrade into phenolic compounds the way that Triton X-100 does. The virus inactivation studies comprised experiments with several relevant viruses under various conditions. It turned out that at room temperature, where most virus inactivation steps in biopharmaceutical manufacturing are conducted, both Triton X-100 reduced and Nereid showed similar virus inactivating performances as Triton X-100. In contrast, for some processes that are conducted at cold temperatures, Nereid and Triton X-100 gave better results than Triton X-100 reduced.
239:
164:
37:
499:
816:(REACH) Regulation which addresses the production, import and use of chemical substances and their potential impacts on human health and the environment. A Triton X-100 degradation product has indeed turned out to be ecotoxic as it possesses hormone-like (estrogeno-mimetic) activity that may act on wildlife. The ECHA finally included the substance group in the
643:
at 25 °C which comes down to about 80 centipoise at 50 °C. Triton X-100 is soluble at 25 °C in water, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, ethylene glycol, ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and ethylene dichloride. Triton X-100 is insoluble in kerosene, mineral spirits, and
832:
Since the inclusion of Triton X-100 in the candidate list of substances of very high concern for authorization, pharmaceutical companies, as well as bioprocessing research groups, are in need of an alternative detergent which must at the same time be eco-friendly and effective. Ideally, a Triton
616:, which might differ from it mainly in having slightly shorter ethylene oxide chains. As a result, Triton X-100 is slightly more hydrophilic than Igepal CA-630 thus these two detergents may not be considered functionally interchangeable for most applications.
1014:
850:
Tiller George, Mueller Thomas, Dockter
Michael, Struve William (1984). "Hydrogenation of Triton X-100 eliminates its fluorescence and ultraviolet light absorption while preserving its detergent properties".
787:
Apart from laboratory use, Triton X-100 can be found in several types of cleaning compounds, ranging from heavy-duty industrial products to gentle detergents. It is also a popular ingredient in homemade
813:
890:
512:
808:(ECHA) included the substance group “4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol, ethoxylated” – which includes Triton X-100 – in the Candidate List of
656:
in laboratories. Triton X-100 is widely used to lyse cells to extract protein or organelles, or to permeabilize the membranes of living cells.
141:
275:
820:, mandating the pharmaceutical and other industries to replace this detergent by the “sunset date” January 4, 2021, thereby affecting
1010:"Triton X-100 concentration effects on membrane permeability of a single HeLa cell by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)"
886:
824:
manufacturers, importers, and downstream users, as well as non-European manufacturers exporting their products into the EU.
767:
507:
776:
Reducing surface tension in etching such as undercutting fine features (micron size openings) in MEMS device processing
635:
Undiluted Triton X-100 is a clear viscous fluid (less viscous than undiluted glycerol). Undiluted Triton X-100 has a
253:
941:
519:
1120:
1298:
809:
419:
817:
619:
Triton X-100 was originally a registered trademark of Rohm & Haas Co. It was subsequently purchased by
196:
159:
691:
217:
17:
1238:"Development of a Triton X-100 replacement for effective virus inactivation in biotechnology processes"
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upon the acquisition of Union
Carbide. Soon afterward (in 2009), Dow also acquired Rohm & Haas Co.
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to prevent minerals from water being deposited on the film after drying.
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353:
1121:"Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation"
653:
636:
1096:"DIY Record Cleaning Machine With Bonus DIY Cleaning Fluid Formulas"
814:
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and
Restriction of Chemicals
489:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1236:
Farcet JB, Kindermann J, Karbiener M, Kreil TR (12 December 2019).
1172:"Environmentally persistent alkylphenolic compounds are estrogenic"
1170:
White R, Jobling S, Hoare SA, Sumpter JP, Parker MG (1 July 1994).
760:
700:
Permeabilizing unfixed (or lightly fixed) eukaryotic cell membranes
593:
chain (on average it has 9.5 ethylene oxide units) and an aromatic
580:
970:
Johnson M (2018). "Detergents: Triton X-100, Tween-20, and More".
140:
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Dispersion of carbon materials for soft composite materials
1216:
European
Chemicals Agency. An agency of the European Union
1150:
European
Chemicals Agency. An agency of the European Union
1125:
European
Chemicals Agency. An agency of the European Union
644:
naphtha, unless a coupling agent like oleic acid is used.
671:
1169:
766:
Disruption of cell monolayers as a positive control for
1273:
Dow Triton X (other octylphenol ethoxylates) detergents
721:(usually in a 5% solution in alkaline lysis buffer) in
827:
779:
it is an ingredient in Photo-Flo, a solution used in
727:
Reducing surface tension of aqueous solutions during
763:
gels prior to renaturing the proteins within the gel
799:
944:. Shun Chia Industrial Company Ltd. Archived from
792:cleaning fluids together with distilled water and
435:< 1 mmHg (130 Pa) at 20 °C
1284:Inactivation of Influenza Viruses by Triton X-100
1290:
184:
1003:
1001:
913:"Sigma Product Information Sheet: Triton X-100"
116:
998:
843:
752:Decellularization of animal-derived tissues
731:(usually at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% in
1069:"DOW Surfactants: Octylphenol Ethoxylates"
707:in their native state in conjunction with
612:group. Triton X-100 is closely related to
237:
162:
1253:
1187:
1044:
1034:
1007:
204:
68:-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl ether
969:
233:
14:
1291:
893:from the original on February 24, 2016
630:
470:251 °C (484 °F; 524 K)
396:270 °C (518 °F; 543 K)
153:
1093:
887:"Triton® X-100 - non-ionic detergent"
688:Industrial purpose (plating of metal)
604:group. The hydrocarbon group is a 4-(
828:Alternatives for viral inactivation
386:6 °C (43 °F; 279 K)
175:
24:
942:"TRITON Nonionic Surfactant X-100"
694:, including Fluarix, Flublok, and
74:Polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether
25:
1320:
1266:
283:CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCO
262:InChI=JYCQQPHGFMYQCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
800:Regulation in the European Union
745:Restricting colony expansion in
692:Ingredient in influenza vaccines
652:Triton X-100 is a commonly used
497:
35:
1280:on OpenWetWare biologists' wiki
1229:
1204:
1163:
1138:
810:substances of very high concern
493:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1113:
1087:
1061:
963:
934:
905:
879:
818:Authorisation List (Annex XIV)
89:-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol
13:
1:
1015:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
836:
865:10.1016/0003-2697(84)90455-X
77:4-Octylphenol polyethoxylate
7:
659:Some applications include:
10:
1325:
1189:10.1210/endo.135.1.8013351
1075:. The Dow Chemical Company
922:. Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. 2002
366:viscous colourless liquid
1008:Koley D, Bard AJ (2010).
806:European Chemicals Agency
487:
459:
412:
291:
271:
249:
100:
58:
48:
43:
34:
606:1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl
1036:10.1073/pnas.1011614107
853:Analytical Biochemistry
781:photographic processing
668:lipid-enveloped viruses
647:
358:647 g mol
71:Octyl phenol ethoxylate
804:In December 2012, the
682:) in manufacturing of
1299:Non-ionic surfactants
972:Materials and Methods
901:– via WebCite®.
623:and then acquired by
1212:"Authorisation List"
984:10.13070/mm.en.3.163
747:Aspergillus nidulans
625:Dow Chemical Company
64:Polyethylene glycol
1242:Engineering Reports
1146:"REACH Legislation"
1100:Enjoy the Music.com
1027:2010PNAS..10716783K
711:detergents such as
631:Physical properties
403:Solubility in water
31:
1255:10.1002/eng2.12078
684:biopharmaceuticals
591:polyethylene oxide
520:Infobox references
29:
889:. Sigma-Aldrich.
794:isopropyl alcohol
773:Micellar catalyst
705:membrane proteins
528:Chemical compound
526:
525:
476:Safety data sheet
413:Surface tension:
348:(n = 9-10)
218:CompTox Dashboard
142:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
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1021:(39): 16783–7.
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376:1.07 g/cm
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621:Union Carbide
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614:IGEPAL CA-630
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30:Triton X-100
27:
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1278:Triton X-100
1245:
1241:
1231:
1221:December 14,
1219:. Retrieved
1215:
1206:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1155:December 14,
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1140:
1130:December 14,
1128:. Retrieved
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1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
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1077:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1018:
1013:
975:
971:
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953:. Retrieved
946:the original
936:
924:. Retrieved
920:snowpure.com
919:
907:
895:. Retrieved
881:
856:
852:
845:
831:
803:
790:vinyl record
786:
770:measurements
746:
719:lysis buffer
717:Part of the
709:zwitterionic
664:Inactivation
658:
651:
634:
618:
575:
532:Triton X-100
531:
530:
455:1.490-1.494
445:
344:
101:Identifiers
86:
65:
59:Other names
26:
602:hydrophobic
595:hydrocarbon
588:hydrophilic
586:that has a
466:Flash point
363:Appearance
292:Properties
160:100.123.919
92:Octoxynol-9
18:Octoxynol-9
1309:Polyethers
1293:Categories
978:: 163–72.
837:References
641:centipoise
598:lipophilic
584:surfactant
354:Molar mass
206:3E2NC94VPF
129:3D model (
108:CAS Number
50:IUPAC name
992:2329-5139
755:Removing
654:detergent
637:viscosity
425:0.22 mM
118:9002-93-1
53:2-ethanol
1055:20837548
891:Archived
761:SDS-PAGE
581:nonionic
460:Hazards
408:Soluble
1198:8013351
1105:Dec 13,
1079:Dec 13,
1073:dow.com
1046:2947864
1023:Bibcode
955:Dec 13,
926:Dec 13,
897:Dec 13,
873:6496933
812:of the
739:buffer)
696:Fluzone
579:) is a
513:what is
511: (
372:Density
173:PubChem
80:Mono 30
1196:
1053:
1043:
990:
871:
670:(e.g.
610:phenyl
508:verify
505:
478:(SDS)
276:SMILES
83:TX-100
44:Names
1248:(5).
949:(DOC)
916:(PDF)
759:from
713:CHAPS
254:InChI
131:JSmol
1223:2019
1194:PMID
1157:2019
1132:2019
1107:2018
1081:2018
1051:PMID
988:ISSN
957:2018
928:2018
899:2018
869:PMID
768:TEER
648:Uses
482:MSDS
197:UNII
186:5590
1250:doi
1184:doi
1180:135
1041:PMC
1031:doi
1019:107
980:doi
861:doi
857:141
757:SDS
737:PBS
735:or
733:TBS
680:HCV
676:HBV
672:HIV
666:of
600:or
554:O(C
420:CMC
323:O(C
223:EPA
176:CID
1295::
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345:n
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332:H
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314:H
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87:t
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
