211:
Lens fogging technique. The subject fixates a distant object with both eyes open and appropriate correction in place. A +2.00 or +2.50 lens is alternately introduced in front of each eye, which blurs the distant object. The subject is then asked to state in which eye is the blur more noticeable. This
187:
The Dolman method, also known as the hole-in-the-card test. The subject is given a card with a small hole in the middle, instructed to hold it with both hands, then instructed to view a distant object through the hole with both eyes open. The observer then alternates closing the eyes or slowly draws
179:
The Miles test. The observer extends both arms, brings both hands together to create a small opening, then with both eyes open views a distant object through the opening. The observer then alternates closing the eyes or slowly draws opening back to the head to determine which eye is viewing the
158:
people both eyes tend to have round areas. The study suggests this difference may be a potential, and possibly treatable, cause of dyslexia; however, further tests are required to confirm this. At least 700 million people worldwide have dyslexia. In response to the study, John Stein of the
183:
The Porta test. The observer extends one arm, then with both eyes open aligns the thumb or index finger with a distant object. The observer then alternates closing the eyes or slowly draws the thumb/finger back to the head to determine which eye is viewing the object (i.e. the dominant
42:; however, the side of the dominant eye and the dominant hand do not always match. This is because both hemispheres control both eyes, but each one takes charge of a different half of the field of vision, and therefore a different half of both retinas (See
619:
Van Strien JW, Lagers-Van
Haselen GC, Van Hagen JM, De Coo IF, Frens MA, Van Der Geest JN (November 2005). "Increased prevalences of left-handedness and left-eye sighting dominance in individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome".
1352:
Li J, Lam CS, Yu M, Hess RF, Chan LY, Maehara G, Woo GC, Thompson B (December 2010). "Quantifying sensory eye dominance in the normal visual system: a new technique and insights into variation across traditional tests".
904:
Handa T, Mukuno K, Uozato H, Niida T, Shoji N, Minei R, Nitta M, Shimizu K (April 2004). "Ocular dominance and patient satisfaction after monovision induced by intraocular lens implantation".
49:
Approximately 70% of the population are right-eye dominant and 29% left-eye dominant. Dominance does appear to change depending upon direction of gaze due to image size changes on the
102:, and therefore the dominant eye is the one that is primarily relied on for precise positional information. This may be extremely important in sports which require aim, such as
79:(different amounts of nearsightedness between the two eyes), the dominant eye has typically been found to be the one with more myopia. As far as regards subjects with normal
663:
AygĂĽl R, Dane S, Ulvi H (June 2005). "Handedness, eyedness, and crossed hand-eye dominance in male and female patients with migraine with and without aura: a pilot study".
154:, in non-dyslexic people, the blue cone-free spot in the dominant eye tends to be round and the same spot in the non-dominant eye tends to be unevenly shaped; in
706:
Handa T, Shimizu K, Mukuno K, Kawamorita T, Uozato H (August 2005). "Effects of ocular dominance on binocular summation after monocular reading adds".
997:
83:, the widespread notion that the individual's better-sighted eye would tend to be the dominant eye has been challenged as lacking empirical basis.
842:
Laby DM, Kirschen DG, Rosenbaum AL, Mellman MF (May 1998). "The effect of ocular dominance on the performance of professional baseball players".
1264:
461:
Ehrenstein WH, Arnold-Schulz-Gahmen BE, Jaschinski W (September 2005). "Eye preference within the context of binocular functions".
799:
Pointer JS (January 2007). "The absence of lateral congruency between sighting dominance and the eye with better visual acuity".
86:
Dominance can change and may switch between the eyes depending on the task and physical condition of the subject (i.e. fatigue).
1547:
877:
Thomas NG, Harden LM, Rogers GG (September 2005). "Visual evoked potentials, reaction times and eye dominance in cricketers".
150:
The dominant eye has more neural connections to the brain than the other eye does. According to a sixty-person study in the
1405:
1206:
61:
sufferers as well. Eye dominance has been categorized as "weak" or "strong"; highly profound cases are sometimes caused by
576:
Banks MS, Ghose T, Hillis JM (February 2004). "Relative image size, not eye position, determines eye dominance switches".
1570:
171:
A person's dominant eye "is determined by subjective alignment of two objects presented at a stereodisparity far beyond
1458:
1170:
151:
1188:
1565:
1229:
Cheng CY, Yen MY, Lin HY, Hsia WW, Hsu WM (August 2004). "Association of ocular dominance and anisometropic myopia".
549:
Quartley J, Firth AY (2004). "Binocular sighting ocular dominance changes with different angles of horizontal gaze".
514:
Eser I, Durrie DS, Schwendeman F, Stahl JE (September 2008). "Association between ocular dominance and refraction".
1465:
1101:
1584:
46:
for more details). There is thus no direct analogy between "handedness" and "eyedness" as lateral phenomena.
233:
117:
In a 1998 study of professional baseball players, hand–ocular dominance patterns did not show an effect on
54:
118:
1482:
1062:
219:
Forced choice tests of dominance, such as the Dolman method, allow only a right or left eye result.
1398:
1048:
Kromeier M, Heinrich SP, Bach M, Kommerell G (January 2006). "Ocular prevalence and stereoacuity".
750:
475:
191:
The convergence near-point test. The subject fixates an object that is moved toward the nose until
188:
the opening back to the head to determine which eye is viewing the object (i.e. the dominant eye).
228:
163:
cautions that while the study is "really interesting", there is no one single cause of dyslexia.
1685:
1057:
470:
215:
A dichoptic motion coherence threshold test yields a quantified indication of ocular dominance.
195:
of one eye occurs (i.e. the non-dominant eye). It is an objective test of ocular dominance.
160:
8:
1391:
1268:
949:"Left-right asymmetry of the Maxwell spot centroids in adults without and with dyslexia"
1662:
1655:
1083:
973:
948:
929:
824:
781:
731:
688:
645:
601:
496:
367:
324:
140:
132:
Ocular dominance is an important consideration in predicting patient satisfaction with
122:
855:
311:
294:
1477:
1370:
1334:
1299:
1295:
1246:
1152:
1075:
1071:
978:
921:
886:
859:
816:
812:
773:
723:
680:
637:
593:
558:
531:
488:
443:
408:
359:
316:
272:
31:
933:
828:
785:
735:
692:
649:
371:
342:
Porac C, Coren S (June 1975). "Is eye dominance a part of generalized laterality?".
328:
1362:
1326:
1291:
1238:
1142:
1087:
1067:
968:
960:
913:
851:
808:
765:
715:
672:
629:
585:
523:
500:
480:
435:
398:
351:
306:
264:
192:
137:
95:
80:
53:. There also appears to be a higher prevalence of left-eye dominance in those with
1690:
1535:
1528:
1511:
1472:
769:
676:
605:
589:
527:
111:
1210:
1174:
1633:
1628:
1192:
917:
719:
1282:
Berens C, Zerbe J (July 1953). "A new pinhole test and eye-dominance tester".
633:
484:
355:
1679:
1623:
1446:
73:
129:
were not more likely to have crossed dominance" than the normal population.
1613:
1374:
1330:
1303:
1250:
1156:
1147:
1130:
1079:
1022:
982:
964:
925:
890:
820:
777:
727:
684:
641:
618:
597:
562:
535:
492:
447:
412:
320:
144:
1338:
863:
403:
386:
363:
16:
The tendency of the brain to prefer visual input from one eye to the other
1366:
1242:
276:
199:
43:
460:
1643:
1606:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1414:
133:
66:
39:
35:
439:
268:
1131:"Effects of monocular viewing and eye dominance on spatial attention"
126:
62:
749:
Vincent SJ, Collins MJ, Read SA, Carney LG, Yap MK (December 2011).
998:"Dyslexia: scientists claim cause of condition may lie in the eyes"
172:
155:
99:
58:
295:"Ocular dominance reverses as a function of horizontal gaze angle"
103:
34:
input from one eye to the other. It is somewhat analogous to the
1596:
76:
50:
1383:
1047:
107:
841:
705:
463:
Graefe's
Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
513:
387:"The advantage of being left handed in interactive sports"
748:
125:. Similarly, in 2005, a South African study found that "
426:
Reiss MR (1997). "Ocular dominance: some family data".
903:
1189:"Right or left eye dominant? . . . . . how to check"
995:
622:
Journal of
Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
879:
The
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
876:
1677:
1355:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
1231:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
575:
1228:
1129:Roth HL, Lora AN, Heilman KM (September 2002).
1128:
254:
1265:"Stereogram test for right/left eye dominance"
946:
751:"Interocular symmetry in myopic anisometropia"
1399:
662:
548:
1345:
1102:"Shooting Eye Dominance for Bows & Guns"
292:
255:Chaurasia BD, Mathur BB (1976). "Eyedness".
1351:
1281:
551:Binocular Vision & Strabismus Quarterly
250:
248:
1406:
1392:
1319:Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde
906:Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
708:Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
391:Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
341:
175:". There are a number of ways to do this:
1146:
1061:
1023:"Dyslexia eye link spotted by scientists"
972:
474:
402:
310:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1041:
996:Agence France-Presse (18 October 2017).
384:
245:
1124:
1122:
798:
1678:
288:
286:
1387:
1316:
1217:
1050:Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics
947:Le Floch A, Ropars G (October 2017).
801:Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics
425:
1173:. Pat Norris Archery. Archived from
1119:
419:
283:
13:
293:Khan AZ, Crawford JD (June 2001).
152:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
14:
1702:
1284:American Journal of Ophthalmology
1072:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00344.x
953:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
813:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00414.x
166:
1310:
1275:
1257:
1199:
1181:
1171:"Determining your Dominant Eye"
1163:
1094:
1015:
989:
940:
897:
870:
835:
792:
742:
699:
656:
612:
180:object (i.e. the dominant eye).
1585:Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
1459:Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis
1413:
569:
542:
507:
454:
378:
335:
143:, also laser eye surgery, and
1:
856:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)95027-8
516:Journal of Refractive Surgery
312:10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00079-7
239:
1296:10.1016/0002-9394(53)92183-7
770:10.1097/OPX.0b013e318233ee5f
758:Optometry and Vision Science
677:10.2466/pms.100.3c.1137-1142
590:10.1016/j.visres.2003.09.029
528:10.3928/1081597X-20080901-07
234:Right- and left-hand traffic
30:, is the tendency to prefer
7:
665:Perceptual and Motor Skills
344:Perceptual and Motor Skills
222:
10:
1707:
1209:. SportVue. Archived from
918:10.1016/j.jcrs.2003.07.013
720:10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.01.015
89:
1651:Footedness in boardsports
1642:
1595:
1583:
1562:
1493:
1469:
1457:
1421:
1317:Safra D (July 1989). "".
634:10.1080/13803390490919119
485:10.1007/s00417-005-1128-7
356:10.2466/pms.1975.40.3.763
55:Williams–Beuren syndrome
1455:In cognitive abilities
229:Ocular dominance column
1580:Handedness measurement
1331:10.1055/s-2008-1046410
965:10.1098/rspb.2017.1380
98:there is an effect of
1559:Handedness related to
1106:www.huntersfriend.com
404:10.3758/APP.71.7.1641
385:Hagemann, N. (2009).
1571:Mathematical ability
1543:Handedness in people
1524:Handedness in boxing
1367:10.1167/iovs.10-5549
1243:10.1167/iovs.03-0878
1213:on 15 February 2008.
1207:"Eye Dominance Test"
1195:on 10 December 2001.
1177:on 19 February 2015.
1148:10.1093/brain/awf210
212:is the dominant eye.
161:University of Oxford
1592:Handedness genetics
671:(3 Pt 2): 1137–42.
22:, sometimes called
1566:Sexual orientation
959:(1865): 20171380.
141:refractive surgery
57:, and possibly in
38:of right- or left-
1673:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1620:In major viscera
1478:Dual brain theory
1141:(Pt 9): 2023–35.
1029:. 18 October 2017
440:10.1080/713754254
269:10.1159/000144681
205:The pinhole test.
1698:
1517:Right-handedness
1495:Ocular dominance
1424:
1423:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1267:. Archived from
1261:
1255:
1254:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1191:. Archived from
1185:
1179:
1178:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1065:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
993:
987:
986:
976:
944:
938:
937:
901:
895:
894:
874:
868:
867:
839:
833:
832:
796:
790:
789:
755:
746:
740:
739:
703:
697:
696:
660:
654:
653:
616:
610:
609:
573:
567:
566:
546:
540:
539:
511:
505:
504:
478:
458:
452:
451:
423:
417:
416:
406:
397:(7): 1641–1648.
382:
376:
375:
339:
333:
332:
314:
290:
281:
280:
252:
138:cataract surgery
96:binocular vision
81:binocular vision
20:Ocular dominance
1706:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1536:Orthodox stance
1529:Southpaw stance
1512:Cross-dominance
1507:Left-handedness
1473:Brain asymmetry
1417:
1412:
1382:
1361:(12): 6875–81.
1350:
1346:
1315:
1311:
1280:
1276:
1271:on 22 May 2008.
1263:
1262:
1258:
1227:
1218:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1127:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1063:10.1.1.570.3941
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
994:
990:
945:
941:
902:
898:
875:
871:
840:
836:
797:
793:
764:(12): 1454–62.
753:
747:
743:
704:
700:
661:
657:
617:
613:
578:Vision Research
574:
570:
547:
543:
512:
508:
459:
455:
424:
420:
383:
379:
340:
336:
299:Vision Research
291:
284:
253:
246:
242:
225:
169:
119:batting average
112:shooting sports
92:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:Situs inversus
1631:
1629:Situs ambiguus
1626:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1344:
1309:
1290:(7 1): 980–1.
1274:
1256:
1237:(8): 2856–60.
1216:
1198:
1180:
1162:
1118:
1093:
1040:
1014:
988:
939:
896:
869:
834:
791:
741:
714:(8): 1588–92.
698:
655:
611:
568:
541:
506:
476:10.1.1.60.4432
453:
418:
377:
334:
305:(14): 1743–8.
282:
257:Acta Anatomica
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
231:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:The ring test.
206:
203:
196:
189:
185:
181:
168:
165:
136:correction in
91:
88:
72:In those with
24:eye preference
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1703:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Ophthalmology
1684:
1683:
1681:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Situs solitus
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Ambidexterity
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:(in German).
1320:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1003:
999:
992:
984:
980:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:(4): 769–74.
911:
907:
900:
892:
888:
885:(3): 428–33.
884:
880:
873:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:Ophthalmology
838:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:(1): 106–10.
806:
802:
795:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
752:
745:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
659:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:(8): 967–76.
627:
623:
615:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:(3): 229–34.
583:
579:
572:
564:
560:
556:
552:
545:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
472:
469:(9): 926–32.
468:
464:
457:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
422:
414:
410:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
381:
373:
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353:
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326:
322:
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308:
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289:
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278:
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220:
214:
210:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
176:
174:
167:Determination
164:
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1656:Regular foot
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1002:The Guardian
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1325:(1): 35–6.
1056:(1): 50–6.
434:(1): 7–16.
200:stereograms
44:Optic Tract
1680:Categories
1663:Goofy foot
1644:Footedness
1607:Levocardia
1415:Laterality
1033:21 October
1007:21 October
428:Laterality
240:References
193:divergence
134:monovision
127:cricketers
94:In normal
67:strabismus
40:handedness
36:laterality
1603:In heart
1548:Musicians
1058:CiteSeerX
471:CiteSeerX
63:amblyopia
1640:In feet
1502:In hands
1491:In eyes
1466:In brain
1441:General
1375:20610837
1304:13065383
1251:15277513
1157:12183348
1111:22 April
1080:16390482
1027:BBC News
983:29046375
934:39690729
926:15093637
891:16230997
829:28900363
821:17239197
786:20113627
778:21964662
736:41767553
728:16129296
693:28551538
685:16158700
650:24853662
642:16207621
598:14642894
563:14998366
536:18811110
493:15838666
448:15513049
413:19801623
372:33204029
329:12186721
321:11369037
223:See also
198:Certain
156:dyslexic
100:parallax
59:migraine
28:eyedness
1339:2796230
1088:7515192
974:5666095
864:9593388
501:1558803
364:1178363
104:archery
90:Effects
51:retinas
1691:Vision
1597:LRRTM1
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147:wear.
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32:visual
1433:Both
1430:Left
1427:Side
1135:Brain
1084:S2CID
930:S2CID
825:S2CID
782:S2CID
754:(PDF)
732:S2CID
689:S2CID
646:S2CID
606:45772
602:S2CID
497:S2CID
368:S2CID
325:S2CID
184:eye).
108:darts
1371:PMID
1335:PMID
1300:PMID
1247:PMID
1153:PMID
1113:2016
1076:PMID
1035:2017
1009:2017
979:PMID
922:PMID
887:PMID
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317:PMID
273:PMID
1363:doi
1327:doi
1323:195
1292:doi
1239:doi
1143:doi
1139:125
1068:doi
969:PMC
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