3618:
320:
reflect one perspective regarding marijuana â a perspective that is disputed by others with different viewpoints. However, ONDCP is specifically charged with the responsibility for "taking such actions as necessary to oppose any attempt to legalize the use" of certain controlled substances such as marijuana â a responsibility which logically could include the making of advocacy statements in opposition to legalization efforts. The Deputy
Director's statements about marijuana are thus within the statutory role assigned to ONDCP. Given this role, we do not see a need to examine the accuracy of the Deputy Director's individual statements in detail.
1315:
1170:
1396:
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939:
335:
to 2004. Youth drug use declined for the third year in a row. While the ONDCP measures their efficacy against prior use statistics within the U.S., they do not publicize how these statistics compare against other countries at the time in their communications to the press. In 2008, ONDCP reported that actual youth drug use, as measured as the percent reporting past month use, declined from 19.4% to 14.8% among middle and high school students between 2001 and 2007.
866:
1200:
909:
1016:
27:
3272:
305:(12) shall ensure that no Federal funds appropriated to the Office of National Drug Control Policy shall be expended for any study or contract relating to the legalization (for a medical use or any other use) of a substance listed in schedule I of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812) and take such actions as necessary to oppose any attempt to legalize the use of a substance (in any form) that â
169:
347:"has been the most visible symbol of the federal government's commitment to drug prevention," and that the office was "investing $ 7 million a year in performance measurement to determine the effectiveness" of the campaign. The statement by said "We believe there is a strong body of evidence that indicates the campaign is working, as planned, to change drug attitudes, intentions and use."
466:, sent inquiries to five major television networks about these practices. The House Committee on Government Reform's Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources held hearings on the matter on July 11, 2000. In December of that year, the FCC ruled that the networks should have identified the Office of National Drug Control Policy as the sponsor of the television programs.
160:. The fiscal year 2011 National Drug Control Budget proposed by the Obama administration devoted significant new resources to the prevention and treatment of drug abuse. These resources were complemented by an aggressive effort to enhance domestic law enforcement, interdiction, and supply control programs. New resources, $ 340 million, were added to the prevention and treatment of drug use.
1349:
1281:
1234:
1123:
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resonating with teenagers. Walters promised in Senate testimony in 2002 that he would show results within a year or admit failure, and
Congress agreed to extend the campaign through 2003 while cutting funding for the ads from $ 170 million in 2002 to $ 150 million in 2003. An entirely new advertising campaign was created.
523:
On
October 5, 2004, the drug czar traveled to Oregon for the purpose of opposing Measure 33, a ballot measure designed to expand the state's medical marijuana program. On October 6, ONDCP Deputy Director Scott Burns traveled to Montana to campaign against Initiative 148, the medical marijuana measure
334:
In
September 2006, the office reported that the 2005 survey of 67,500 people found that 8.1 percent reported using an illicit drug in the 30 days prior to being asked about their drug use, which equates to 19.7 million people nationwide (age 12 and older). The percentage was up slightly compared
319:
Finally, apart from considerations of whether any particular law has been violated, you have asked whether the Deputy
Director's letter disseminated misleading information in connection with statements relating to the debate over legalization of marijuana. Clearly, the Deputy Director's statements
558:
have dismissed such criticism on the grounds that the ONDCP is expressly authorized by law to conduct anti-drug media campaigns. According to Susan A. Poling, managing associate general counsel at the GAO, "What is objectionable about these is the fact the viewer has no idea their tax dollars are
524:
passed by voters in
November. And on October 13 and 14, Burns traveled to Alaska to oppose Measure 2, a measure to allow the state to tax and regulate the sale of marijuana. All of these trips were widely reported in the local press as being campaign stops in opposition to the reform initiatives.
401:
In the spring of 1998, the ONDCP began offering additional advertising dollars to networks that embedded anti-drug messages in their programming. They developed an accounting system to decide which network shows would be valued and for how much. Receiving advance copies of scripts, they assigned
147:
agencies and ensures that such efforts sustain and complement State and local anti-drug activities. The
Director advises the President regarding changes in the organization, management, budgeting, and personnel of federal agencies that affect U.S. anti-drug efforts; and regarding federal agency
358:
reported that the government's ad campaign aimed at dissuading teens from using marijuana, a campaign that cost $ 1.4 billion between 1998 and 2006, did not work: "greater exposure to the campaign was associated with weaker anti-drug norms and increases in the perceptions that others use
350:
In 2002, according to a multiyear study by the research firm hired by the office, teenagers exposed to federal anti-drug ads were no less likely to use drugs for having viewed them, and some young girls said they were even more likely to give drugs a try. Walters blamed poor ads that weren't
546:
that did not disclose to television viewers that the government had produced them, had illegally spent appropriations to develop, produce and distribute the covert propaganda but use of the term "Drug Czar" in the "Video News
Releases" had not constituted unlawful self-aggrandizement.
371:'s annual Monitoring the Future report, the number of young people using drugs in the U.S. declined by 7 percent between 2001 and 2006, though there is no evidence to suggest that government anti-drug programs that were started at the turn of the millennium helped cause this drop.
359:
marijuana." The research company was paid $ 42.7 million for the five-year study. After the
February 2005 report was received, the office continued the ad campaign, spending $ 220 million on the anti-marijuana ads in fiscal years 2005 and 2006.
422:. The original script portrayed two young people using drugs at a party. Originally depicted as cool and popular, after input from the drug office, "We showed that they were losers and put them in a utility room. That was not in the original script."
256:
recommended that salaries and expenses at ONDCP be reduced from $ 26.6 million in fiscal 2006 to $ 11.5 million in fiscal 2007, to "more closely reflect actual performance." Committee members said they would request funding for a study of ONDCP by the
502:
issued an order declaring that MPP had "set forth issues of arguable merit" in its writ; however, on August 18, 2004, the Court declared that it was "not satisfied that court's intervention by way of extraordinary relief is warranted".
143:, heads the office. "Drug czar" was a term first used in the media by Richard Nixon in 1971. In addition to running the ONDCP, the director evaluates, coordinates, and oversees both the international and domestic anti-drug efforts of
571:
had reported that the Trump administration was considering eliminating the office, and other programs responsible for a total of $ 2.5 billion of domestic spending. In May, the office's website was blanked and
300:
By law, the drug czar must oppose any attempt to legalize the use (in any form) of illicit drugs. According to the "Office of
National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 1998" the director of the ONDCP
2154:
2807:
1563:
Office of the White House Press Secretary, 1971. Jerome Jaffe Appointed as First âDrug Czarâ (Richard Nixon Presidential Library, White House Central Files, Subject Files: Speech, Box 73)
3376:
2350:
1289:
2041:
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2542:
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818:
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232:, which created the Office of National Drug Control Policy, was the product of bi-partisan support. It was co-sponsored in the House of Representatives by parties' leaders,
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3159:
2775:
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study on the distribution of grants. Plus, they directed the Director to provide quarterly updates on travel expenditures, staffing levels and plans for future hirings.
3863:
1600:
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network's senior vice president for broadcast standards Rick Mater admitted, "The White House did view scripts. They did sign off on them â they read scripts, yes."
258:
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133:
96:
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409:
Running the campaign for the ONDCP was Alan Levitt, who estimated that between 1998 and 2000 the networks received nearly $ 25 million in benefits.
3564:
3071:
2784:
2415:
1923:"MPP's first victory in 'War on Drug Czar' campaign is short-lived; Nevada Supreme Court order allows Drug Czar to ignore state campaign finance laws"
3878:
3814:
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3500:
2247:
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3296:
3108:
3050:
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782:
1707:
Application of Anti-Lobbying Laws to the Office of National Drug Control Policy's Open Letter to State Level Prosecutors, B-301022, March 10, 2004
3858:
3762:
3728:
3166:
2884:
1530:
482:
accusing the Drug Czar John Walters of illegally campaigning against its 2002 ballot initiative to decriminalize possession of up to 3 ounces of
402:
financial value to each show's anti-drug message. Then they would suggest ways that the networks could increase the payments they would get. The
3560:
3459:
3370:
3291:
2454:
1841:
1242:
759:
315:
The Government Accountability Office has found that this law authorizes the ONDCP to disseminate information in order to oppose legalization:
3723:
3703:
3587:
2644:
2637:
2558:
1629:
1439:
1735:
Office of National Drug Control Policy Executive Office of the President: CURRENT STATE OF DRUG POLICY: SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES, March 2008
382:
declared that in 2005, despite record levels of eradication by the U.S., coca production increased to about 330 square miles (850 km).
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3778:
3572:
3535:
2277:
2270:
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2006:
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2914:
1471:
284:
In 2005, the Bush administration proposed transferring the $ 225 million High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Program from ONDCP to the
3471:
2849:
2593:
2298:
2073:
2049:
1880:"House Committee To Hold July 11 Hearing On ONDCP Payola Scandal; Salon.com Writer Who Broke The Story Will Face-Off Against Drug Czar"
3873:
3810:
3806:
3783:
3748:
3713:
3653:
3145:
3080:
3064:
2976:
2174:
3888:
3475:
3087:
2856:
2482:
2233:
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2199:
1734:
3591:
3583:
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2935:
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1616:
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https://cdn.nixonlibrary.org/01/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/16144809/Appointment-of-Jerome-Jaffe-as-director-of-SAODAP-6-17-71.jpg
344:
195:
173:
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1960:
3013:
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2149:
188:
1882:
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3649:
2759:
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2240:
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490:
laws required the Drug Czar to reveal how much taxpayer money he had spent to defeat the initiative. In April 2003, the
3753:
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148:
compliance with their obligations under the National Drug Control Strategy, an annual report required by law. Prior to
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3824:
3512:
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3101:
2514:
459:
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3006:
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2800:
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2137:
2024:
1506:
1491:
535:
355:
262:
2123:
1673:
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253:
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both reported that the office was about to be drastically defunded. Later the office's website was unblanked.
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In 2011, the ONDCP requested funding for 98 full-time employees, 64 (65.31%) of whom would be paid at either
177:
1745:
3707:
3481:
3173:
3027:
2630:
2535:
276:
pay grades, or more than $ 105,211.00 yearly, being adjusted for Washington, D.C. cost of living expenses.
240:, and it passed by margins of 346â11 and 87â3 in the House and Senate, respectively. Upon signing the law,
288:. The program gives additional money to designated areas with chronic illicit drug problems. According to
3820:
3742:
2842:
2694:
2687:
2190:
2085:
1746:"National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign: How to Ensure the Program Operates Efficiently and Effectively"
1430:
591:
494:
concluded that the Drug Czar was not required to comply with Nevada's campaign finance laws. MPP filed a
229:
1587:
Administration's FY 2011 Budget Proposal Demonstrates Balanced Approach to Drug Control February 1, 2010
3791:
3668:
3639:
3516:
3419:
3189:
2835:
285:
199:
1988:
3832:
3717:
3692:
3020:
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2660:
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479:
403:
1836:
1695:
3828:
3546:
2863:
2791:
2475:
2445:
2438:
1861:"FCC Sends Formal Inquiries To Five Television Networks Allegedly Involved In ONDCP Payola Scandal"
1496:
475:
211:
3404:
1787:
A White House Drug Deal Gone Bad: Sitting on the Negative Results of a Study of Anti-Marijuana Ads
1633:
3508:
2870:
2623:
2507:
2498:
491:
1586:
308:
1. is listed in schedule I of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812); and
3758:
3526:
3226:
3122:
2680:
2521:
506:
A February 24, 2005 MPP press release announced that the group had filed similar complaints in
451:
368:
3412:
3057:
2752:
2586:
2074:"ONDCP's Fiscal year 2011 National Drug Control Budget: Are We Still Funding a War on Drugs?"
595:
292:, "Many lawmakers oppose the transfer for fear the program would become less of a priority."
3211:
1314:
2491:
2461:
2342:
2097:
518:, accusing the Drug Czar of failing to make legally required campaign expense disclosures:
499:
433:
2159:
1684:
1169:
311:
2. has not been approved for use for medical purposes by the Food and Drug Administration;
8:
3698:
3663:
3496:
2219:
1674:
Office of National Drug Control Policy Fiscal Year 2012 Appropriations Request (PDF file)
578:
543:
445:
2468:
269:
3626:
3365:
2334:
1208:
555:
157:
1989:"Anti-Drug Office's Videos Defended: Davis Says Ruling That Law Was Violated Is Wrong"
3219:
2579:
897:
3553:, Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Office of the Chief Administrative Officer)
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2814:
2127:
1501:
1323:
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487:
153:
144:
60:
1803:
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2101:
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1178:
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1024:
947:
874:
551:
483:
413:
1964:
3387:
2042:"Report: White House plans to slash funding for fed Drug Control Policy office"
1879:
1860:
1538:
1357:
1081:
427:
379:
1395:
1092:
938:
601:
3852:
3354:
3343:
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2144:
1131:
1054:
805:
662:
649:
241:
237:
1910:
1696:
Title VII Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 1998
3333:
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3256:
1511:
1269:
1158:
994:
974:
917:
865:
746:
723:
626:
439:
1617:
Major Congressional Actions for H.R. 5210, the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
3393:
2946:
1404:
687:
149:
82:
1911:
FCC termination of investigation of February 17, 2000 complaint by NORML
908:
839:
539:
2877:
2614:
2607:
1781:
1706:
1384:
1199:
418:
233:
140:
2808:
Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988
1941:
1922:
469:
396:
107:
3434:
2600:
2431:
2116:
1963:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2005-01-04. Archived from
1786:
573:
375:
343:
In August 2001, the office told a Congressional committee that its
1015:
590:
The title of Director, as well as the office, was created by the
507:
354:
In February 2005, a research company hired by the office and the
3271:
168:
26:
2004:
515:
511:
2133:
152:
taking office in November, 2021, the most recent director was
3241:
3136:
1816:
3160:
Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act
2776:
Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program
2007:"Popular Domestic Programs Face Ax Under First Trump Budget"
985:
2189:
1961:"Office of National Drug Control PolicyâVideo News Release"
1598:
Bill History for H.R. 5210, the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
1550:
1348:
1280:
1233:
1122:
1045:
602:
Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (1971â1975)
698:
279:
3468:
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
2025:"Trump budget would effectively kill drug control office"
1412:
1374:
1369:
1340:
1331:
1306:
1301:
1259:
1254:
1225:
1216:
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1186:
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1114:
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1071:
1066:
1037:
1032:
1007:
1002:
964:
959:
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925:
887:
882:
831:
826:
795:
790:
772:
767:
736:
731:
675:
670:
639:
634:
378:
initially decreased with the onset of Plan Colombia, the
244:
said, "This bill is the product of a bipartisan effort."
2908:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
2005:
Sharon LaFraniere; Alan Rappeport (February 17, 2017),
1849:
2993:
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
559:
being used to write and produce this video segment.".
464:
National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws
134:
Executive Office of the President of the United States
1983:
1981:
1205:
840:
Office of National Drug Control Policy (1989âpresent)
139:
The director of the ONDCP, colloquially known as the
2878:
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
894:
542:
and publicity prohibitions by preparing prepackaged
486:
in that state. Specifically, MPP argued that Nevada
3689:
Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation
3681:
Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
3464:
Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
2901:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
1804:"Monitoring the Future" (MTF) survey, December 2006
1423:
223:
3072:Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers
2785:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
2142:
1978:
1175:
1021:
3864:United States government propaganda organizations
3565:Office of E-Government and Information Technology
3501:Committee for the Preservation of the White House
1814:"Coca production up despite record eradication" (
1354:
1078:
779:
470:State and local decriminalization ballot measures
397:Paying for anti-drug messages in television shows
329:
3850:
3741:(White House Operations, White House Personnel,
3109:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
3051:Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983
1622:
815:
802:
659:
646:
455:also put anti-drug messages into their stories.
3436:Executive Office of the United States President
3167:Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988
2885:Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
1266:
1239:
1155:
1098:
971:
944:
914:
871:
756:
743:
720:
3652:(Office of Media Affairs, Office of Research,
3460:Corporation for National and Community Service
1401:
1320:
684:
623:
3420:
3227:
2559:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983
2175:
1440:Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
529:
338:
3573:Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
3044:GarnâSt. Germain Depository Institutions Act
2082:Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1652:
1650:
1381:
1286:
1128:
1051:
991:
183:The programs directed by the ONDCP include:
2022:
1472:Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations
538:found that the ONDCP had violated domestic
295:
3427:
3413:
3234:
3220:
2871:Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986
2850:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
2594:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
2182:
2168:
1658:"Panel Advises Cutting Salaries at Agency"
1336:Acting: February 9, 2018 â January 3, 2019
3243:Directors of National Drug Control Policy
3146:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act
3081:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
3065:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981
2977:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
2645:IsraelâUnited States Free Trade Agreement
2638:CanadaâUnited States Free Trade Agreement
1823:
1719:"Drug Use Up for Boomers, Down for Teens"
1647:
1221:Acting: March 6, 2014 â February 11, 2015
562:
550:ONDCP supporters such as Representatives
324:
259:National Academy of Public Administration
3879:1989 establishments in the United States
3088:Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983
2857:National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984
2153:) is being considered for deletion. See
1901:, NORML News Bulletin, December 28, 2000
167:
3884:Government agencies established in 1989
3714:Office of the National Security Advisor
3592:National Science and Technology Council
3584:Office of Science and Technology Policy
3561:Office of the Chief Performance Officer
3551:Office of Mail and Messenger Operations
3472:President's Intelligence Advisory Board
2986:Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
2936:Water Resources Development Act of 1988
2929:Water Resources Development Act of 1986
2739:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
2324:
1748:, Testimony to Congress, August 1, 2001
1685:The Drug Czar is required by law to lie
1591:
1576:FY 2011 Drug Control Program Highlights
699:Office of Drug Abuse Policy (1977â1989)
345:National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign
280:High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Program
218:
196:National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign
174:National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign
3859:Office of National Drug Control Policy
3851:
3588:Office of the Chief Technology Officer
3579:Office of National Drug Control Policy
3569:Office of Federal Financial Management
2711:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
2702:Office of National Drug Control Policy
2124:Office of National Drug Control Policy
1630:"President Reagan's signing statement"
126:Office of National Drug Control Policy
20:Office of National Drug Control Policy
3476:President's Management Advisory Board
3408:
3215:
3153:Surface Transportation Assistance Act
2892:The Emergency Food Assistance Program
2769:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
2654:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act
2163:
1870:, NORML news bulletin, April 20, 2000
189:High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas
156:, who took over from former director
3014:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983
2725:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987
1889:, NORML news bulletin, June 29, 2000
585:
462:, in response to a complaint by the
3513:Office of the Chief Floral Designer
2760:United States Sentencing Commission
1916:
13:
3598:Office of the Trade Representative
2088:(14 April 2010) â chaired by Rep.
2067:
498:as an appeal of the decision. The
14:
3900:
3102:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
2157:to help reach a consensus. âş
2108:
460:Federal Communications Commission
205:the Drug Free Communities Program
97:Executive Office of the President
3874:Drug policy of the United States
3616:
3487:Council on Environmental Quality
3270:
3007:Expedited Funds Availability Act
2956:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981
2801:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
2566:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act
2551:We begin bombing in five minutes
2138:National Institute on Drug Abuse
1913:, letter dated December 20, 2000
1507:Opioid and Drug Abuse Commission
1492:Drug policy of the United States
1424:Legislation and executive orders
1394:
1347:
1313:
1279:
1232:
1198:
1168:
1121:
1091:
1044:
1014:
984:
937:
907:
864:
536:Government Accountability Office
385:
356:National Institute on Drug Abuse
263:Government Accountability Office
224:Bipartisan support for drug czar
198:, a current domestic government
25:
3889:Presidency of George H. W. Bush
3817:, Office of Records Management)
3774:Presidential Innovation Fellows
3557:Office of Management and Budget
3521:Graphics and Calligraphy Office
3456:Council for Community Solutions
2963:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987
2034:
2016:
1998:
1953:
1935:
1904:
1892:
1873:
1854:
1808:
1797:
1775:
1751:
1739:
1728:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1678:
1487:Drug Enforcement Administration
392:Propaganda in the United States
254:Senate Appropriations Committee
16:United States government agency
3708:Office of the Social Secretary
3685:Office of National AIDS Policy
3311:ONDCP Directors (1989âpresent)
3035:Dairy Export Incentive Program
1667:
1610:
1580:
1569:
1557:
1531:"National Drug Control Budget"
1523:
330:Extent of drug use in the U.S.
1:
3739:Management and Administration
3654:Office of the Press Secretary
3130:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
3116:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver
3058:Internal Revenue Code of 1986
3000:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984
2970:Agriculture Mediation Program
2822:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988
2732:Coastal Barrier Resources Act
2048:, May 5, 2017, archived from
1899:"FCC Rules In Favor of NORML"
1517:
478:, filed a complaint with the
178:cannabis in the United States
176:poster circa 2000 concerning
3869:Cabinet of the United States
3640:Office of the Chief of Staff
3607:Office of the Chief of Staff
3603:Office of the Vice President
3517:Office of the Executive Chef
3482:Council of Economic Advisers
3250:SAODAP Directors (1971â1975)
3174:Video Privacy Protection Act
3028:Conservation Reserve Program
2631:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
2536:Strategic Defense Initiative
2078:Domestic Policy Subcommittee
1772:magazine, September 19, 2003
374:While cocaine production in
7:
3815:Presidential Correspondence
3769:Office of Political Affairs
2843:Minerals Management Service
2695:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
2688:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986
2191:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
2150:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
2086:US House of Representatives
2023:Dan Diamond (May 5, 2017),
1794:magazine, September 7, 2006
1480:
592:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
567:As early as February 2017,
230:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
163:
10:
3905:
3788:Council on Women and Girls
3673:Office of Digital Strategy
3669:Counselor to the President
3280:ODAP Directors (1977â1989)
2836:Medical Waste Tracking Act
2829:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
2313:Presidential proclamations
1932:, Marijuana Policy Project
1468:2000 Executive Order 13165
1447:1996 Executive Order 13023
1444:1996 Executive Order 12992
1435:1993 Executive Order 12880
598:status from 1993 to 2009.
530:Use of video news releases
389:
339:Anti-marijuana advertising
247:
200:substance abuse prevention
3833:Presidential Food Service
3749:National Economic Council
3729:Intergovernmental Affairs
3718:Homeland Security Advisor
3644:Office of Senior Advisors
3635:Office of Cabinet Affairs
3625:
3614:
3542:Homeland Security Council
3532:National Security Council
3509:Office of the Chief Usher
3442:
3310:
3279:
3268:
3249:
3183:
3021:Food Security Act of 1985
2945:
2922:Water Quality Act of 1987
2746:Armed Career Criminal Act
2670:
2414:
2351:Joint session of Congress
2198:
1464:ONDCP Reauthorization Act
1452:Drug-Free Communities Act
1380:
1378:
1265:
1263:
1154:
1152:
1077:
1075:
970:
968:
893:
891:
858:
801:
799:
742:
740:
714:
674:
669:
658:
645:
643:
617:
480:Nevada Secretary of State
102:
92:
75:
67:
56:
38:
33:
24:
3650:Office of Communications
3547:Office of Administration
2864:Nuclear Waste Policy Act
2792:Toxics Release Inventory
2155:templates for discussion
1759:"Ads, Drugs & Money"
1497:Legal issues of cannabis
476:Marijuana Policy Project
362:
296:Anti-legalization Policy
212:World Anti-Doping Agency
132:) is a component of the
3724:Gun Violence Prevention
3677:Domestic Policy Council
3658:Office of Speechwriting
3190:â Carter administration
2624:American Homecoming Act
2508:Constructive engagement
2271:Administration scandals
2060:– via MassCentral
492:Nevada Attorney General
252:In September 2002, the
3802:Scheduling and Advance
3779:Presidential Personnel
3759:Oval Office Operations
3754:National Trade Council
3527:National Space Council
3123:Tax Reform Act of 1986
2343:"Tear down this wall!"
563:2017 reported shutdown
474:In December 2002, the
425:Other shows including
369:University of Michigan
325:Effectiveness of ONDCP
322:
313:
261:. They also ordered a
208:Anti-doping activities
180:
44:; 34 years ago
3837:Transportation Agency
3825:Communications Agency
3505:Office of the Curator
3199:Bush administration â
2753:Sentencing Reform Act
2661:ExonâFlorio Amendment
2587:Executive Order 12333
2573:GoldwaterâNichols Act
2248:Judicial appointments
2234:Assassination attempt
1838:Prime-time propaganda
412:One example was with
317:
303:
286:Department of Justice
171:
42:October 27, 1989
2681:AIDS crisis response
2455:Soviet Union summits
2098:Drug Policy Alliance
1848:, January 13, 2000,
1770:Government Executive
1664:, September 12, 2006
1476:2018 Reauthorization
500:Nevada Supreme Court
434:Beverly Hills, 90210
219:Congressional issues
3734:Legislative Affairs
3497:Executive Residence
2915:1982 VRA Amendments
2543:International trips
2515:Invasion of Grenada
2285:Impeachment efforts
2227:Second inauguration
2220:Release of hostages
2046:The Washington Post
1993:The Washington Post
1725:, September 7, 2006
1723:The Washington Post
1662:The Washington Post
1431:Anti-Drug Abuse Act
594:. The position had
579:The Washington Post
446:The Drew Carey Show
290:The Washington Post
21:
3763:Personal Secretary
3627:White House Office
3536:Deputies Committee
2522:IranâContra affair
2216:First inauguration
2011:The New York Times
1995:, February 4, 2005
1947:2005-03-05 at the
1928:2005-03-05 at the
1885:2011-09-27 at the
1866:2011-09-27 at the
1844:2007-01-15 at the
1764:2007-03-15 at the
1603:2008-12-19 at the
1458:Media Campaign Act
1209:Michael Botticelli
569:The New York Times
556:Mark Edward Souder
202:campaign in the US
181:
158:Michael Botticelli
19:
3846:
3845:
3784:Public Engagement
3402:
3401:
3209:
3208:
2580:Montreal Protocol
2410:
2409:
2401:1988 SOTU Address
2394:1987 SOTU Address
2387:1986 SOTU Address
2380:1985 SOTU Address
2373:1984 SOTU Address
2366:1983 SOTU Address
2359:1982 SOTU Address
2299:Executive actions
2092:, testimony from
2076:, hearing of the
1987:Christopher Lee,
1551:National Archives
1421:
1420:
1033:February 29, 1996
898:George H. W. Bush
888:December 13, 1990
837:
836:
696:
695:
586:List of directors
367:According to the
154:James. W. Carroll
122:
121:
3896:
3620:
3619:
3444:Executive Office
3429:
3422:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3274:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3202:
3193:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2815:Grace Commission
2810:
2803:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2771:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2663:
2656:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2499:Governors Island
2494:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2306:Executive orders
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2211:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2128:Federal Register
2120:
2119:
2117:Official website
2104:, director ONDCP
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2002:
1996:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1942:War On Drug Czar
1939:
1933:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1877:
1871:
1858:
1852:
1834:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1779:
1773:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1632:. Archived from
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1595:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1527:
1502:Medical cannabis
1414:
1413:November 5, 2021
1409:
1408:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1376:
1375:November 5, 2021
1371:
1370:January 20, 2021
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1341:January 19, 2021
1337:
1333:
1332:February 9, 2018
1328:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1307:February 9, 2018
1303:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1261:
1256:
1255:January 20, 2017
1251:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1226:January 20, 2017
1222:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1150:
1145:
1144:January 20, 2009
1140:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1115:January 20, 2009
1111:
1110:February 5, 2001
1106:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1073:
1072:February 5, 2001
1068:
1067:January 20, 2001
1063:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1038:January 20, 2001
1034:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
988:
979:
978:
977:
966:
961:
960:January 20, 1993
956:
952:
951:
950:
941:
932:
931:January 20, 1993
927:
922:
921:
920:
911:
902:
901:
900:
889:
884:
879:
878:
877:
868:
844:
843:
833:
832:January 20, 1989
828:
827:February 2, 1987
823:
822:
821:
810:
809:
808:
797:
796:February 2, 1987
792:
787:
786:
785:
774:
773:January 20, 1981
769:
764:
763:
762:
751:
750:
749:
738:
733:
732:January 20, 1977
728:
727:
726:
703:
702:
692:
691:
690:
677:
672:
667:
666:
665:
654:
653:
652:
641:
636:
631:
630:
629:
606:
605:
496:writ of mandamus
488:campaign finance
145:executive branch
118:
115:
113:
111:
109:
76:Agency executive
61:Washington, D.C.
52:
50:
45:
29:
22:
18:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3821:Military Office
3811:Executive Clerk
3807:Staff Secretary
3743:Visitors Office
3621:
3617:
3612:
3492:Digital Service
3452:Advisory Boards
3438:
3433:
3403:
3398:
3306:
3275:
3266:
3245:
3240:
3210:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3095:Reagan tax cuts
3093:
3086:
3079:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:Economic policy
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2790:
2783:
2774:
2767:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2718:Cannabis policy
2716:
2709:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:Domestic policy
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2490:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2425:Reagan Doctrine
2423:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2320:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2292:Opinion polling
2290:
2283:
2278:Bush transition
2276:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2214:
2207:
2194:
2188:
2158:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2102:Gil Kerlikowske
2094:Ethan Nadelmann
2090:Dennis Kucinich
2070:
2068:Further reading
2065:
2055:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2021:
2017:
2003:
1999:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1949:Wayback Machine
1940:
1936:
1930:Wayback Machine
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1887:Wayback Machine
1878:
1874:
1868:Wayback Machine
1859:
1855:
1846:Wayback Machine
1835:
1824:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1780:
1776:
1766:Wayback Machine
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1717:Kevin Freking,
1716:
1712:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1668:
1656:Kevin Freking,
1655:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1605:Wayback Machine
1596:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1558:
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1335:
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1288:
1287:
1268:
1267:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1220:
1219:
1207:
1206:
1179:Gil Kerlikowske
1177:
1176:
1157:
1156:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1100:
1099:
1080:
1079:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1025:Barry McCaffrey
1023:
1022:
993:
992:
973:
972:
954:
953:
946:
945:
916:
915:
896:
895:
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721:
701:
686:
685:
661:
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648:
647:
625:
624:
604:
588:
565:
532:
472:
414:Warner Brothers
399:
394:
388:
365:
341:
332:
327:
298:
282:
250:
226:
221:
191:(HIDTA) program
166:
106:
88:
71:$ 379.1 million
48:
46:
43:
34:Agency overview
17:
12:
11:
5:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3844:
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3841:
3840:
3818:
3804:
3799:
3792:Jewish Liaison
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3696:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3647:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3611:
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3600:
3595:
3581:
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3494:
3489:
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3479:
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3259:
3253:
3251:
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3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
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3180:
3178:
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3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3091:
3084:
3077:
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3040:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
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2981:
2980:
2973:
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2839:
2832:
2825:
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2804:
2797:
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2781:
2780:
2779:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2691:
2684:
2676:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2649:
2648:
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2590:
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2576:
2569:
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2555:
2546:
2539:
2532:
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2511:
2504:
2503:
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2495:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2472:
2465:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2416:Foreign policy
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2339:
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2309:
2295:
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2281:
2274:
2267:
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2258:
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2237:
2230:
2223:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2141:
2140:
2134:NIDA for Teens
2130:
2121:
2110:
2109:External links
2107:
2106:
2105:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2052:on May 6, 2017
2033:
2015:
1997:
1977:
1952:
1934:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1872:
1853:
1822:
1807:
1796:
1774:
1757:Shawn Zeller,
1750:
1738:
1727:
1710:
1699:
1688:
1677:
1666:
1646:
1621:
1609:
1590:
1579:
1568:
1556:
1539:whitehouse.gov
1521:
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1358:Regina LaBelle
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1302:March 28, 2017
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1082:George W. Bush
1076:
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1000:
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981:
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942:
934:
933:
928:
926:March 28, 1991
923:
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903:
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885:
883:March 13, 1989
880:
869:
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835:
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829:
824:
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783:Carlton Turner
776:
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380:United Nations
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40:
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15:
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3796:Urban Affairs
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3693:Rural Council
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2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:Libya bombing
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2493:
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2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2335:"Evil empire"
2332:
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2329:
2327:
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2314:
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2303:
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2300:
2296:
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2289:
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2279:
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2268:
2263:
2262:controversies
2259:
2256:
2255:Supreme Court
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
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2217:
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2201:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2178:
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2166:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1967:on 2021-01-25
1966:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1888:
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1865:
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1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
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1827:
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1800:
1793:
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1788:
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1763:
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1754:
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1714:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1636:on 2009-05-07
1635:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1577:
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1428:
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1411:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1373:
1368:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1258:
1253:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1217:March 6, 2014
1215:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1192:March 6, 2014
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1070:
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1050:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1003:July 19, 1993
1001:
996:
990:
987:
983:
982:
976:
965:July 19, 1993
963:
958:
949:
943:
940:
936:
935:
929:
924:
919:
913:
910:
906:
905:
899:
886:
881:
876:
870:
867:
863:
862:
855:
852:
849:
846:
845:
830:
825:
820:
819:Ian Macdonald
814:
813:
807:
806:Ronald Reagan
794:
789:
784:
778:
777:
771:
768:June 20, 1978
766:
761:
755:
754:
748:
737:June 20, 1978
735:
730:
725:
719:
718:
711:
708:
705:
704:
689:
683:
681:
680:
676:June 30, 1975
671:June 17, 1973
664:
663:Robert DuPont
657:
651:
650:Richard Nixon
640:June 17, 1973
638:
635:June 17, 1971
633:
628:
622:
621:
614:
611:
608:
607:
599:
597:
596:cabinet-level
593:
583:
581:
580:
575:
570:
560:
557:
553:
548:
545:
541:
537:
534:In 2005, the
525:
521:
520:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
467:
465:
461:
458:In 2000, the
456:
454:
453:
448:
447:
442:
441:
436:
435:
430:
429:
423:
421:
420:
415:
410:
407:
405:
393:
386:Controversies
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
360:
357:
352:
348:
346:
336:
321:
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
293:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
255:
245:
243:
242:Ronald Reagan
239:
238:Robert Michel
235:
231:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
185:
184:
179:
175:
170:
161:
159:
155:
151:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
117:
105:
101:
98:
95:
93:Parent agency
91:
84:
81:
80:
78:
74:
70:
68:Annual budget
66:
62:
59:
55:
41:
37:
32:
28:
23:
3829:Medical Unit
3578:
3242:
3197:
3188:
2701:
2148:
2054:, retrieved
2050:the original
2045:
2036:
2028:
2018:
2010:
2000:
1992:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:the original
1955:
1937:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1875:
1856:
1837:
1820:), June 2006
1815:
1810:
1799:
1791:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1753:
1741:
1730:
1722:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1680:
1669:
1661:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:the original
1624:
1612:
1593:
1582:
1571:
1559:
1549:– via
1543:. Retrieved
1537:
1525:
1512:War on Drugs
1270:Donald Trump
1243:Kemp Chester
1159:Barack Obama
1102:John Walters
1008:January 1996
975:Bill Clinton
948:John Walters
918:Bob Martinez
875:Bill Bennett
760:Lee Dogoloff
747:Jimmy Carter
724:Peter Bourne
589:
577:
568:
566:
549:
544:news stories
533:
522:
505:
473:
457:
450:
444:
440:Chicago Hope
438:
432:
426:
424:
417:
411:
408:
400:
373:
366:
353:
349:
342:
333:
318:
314:
310:
307:
304:
299:
289:
283:
270:GS-15, GS-14
267:
251:
227:
182:
138:
129:
125:
123:
57:Headquarters
3361:Kerlikowske
2193:(1981â1989)
2143:âš The
2096:, director
1545:21 December
1405:Rahul Gupta
1324:Jim Carroll
1187:May 7, 2009
1149:May 7, 2009
688:Gerald Ford
627:Jerry Jaffe
214:(WADA) dues
150:Rahul Gupta
110:.whitehouse
83:Rahul Gupta
3853:Categories
3704:First Lady
3366:Botticelli
2483:INF Treaty
2476:Washington
2209:Transition
1971:2008-09-06
1640:2009-09-08
1518:References
859:President
715:President
618:President
540:propaganda
452:7th Heaven
390:See also:
85:, Director
49:1989-10-27
3339:McCaffrey
3302:Macdonald
2615:H-2B visa
2608:H-2A visa
2469:ReykjavĂk
1850:Salon.com
1782:Ryan Grim
1385:Joe Biden
1290:Rich Baum
1132:Ed Jurith
1055:Ed Jurith
995:Lee Brown
791:July 1981
552:Tom Davis
419:Smart Guy
234:Tom Foley
141:drug czar
3390:(acting)
3379:(acting)
3373:(acting)
3357:(acting)
3346:(acting)
3330:(acting)
3323:Martinez
3292:Dogoloff
2601:Form I-9
2446:2nd term
2439:1st term
2432:Cold War
2326:Speeches
2200:Timeline
2145:template
2029:Politico
1945:Archived
1926:Archived
1883:Archived
1864:Archived
1842:Archived
1762:Archived
1601:Archived
1481:See also
1417:present
574:Politico
484:cannabis
416:' show,
376:Colombia
164:Programs
3699:Fellows
3664:Counsel
3388:LaBelle
3383:Carroll
3371:Chester
3350:Walters
3328:Walters
3318:Bennett
2241:Cabinet
2147:below (
2126:in the
508:Montana
248:Funding
103:Website
47: (
3355:Jurith
3344:Jurith
3297:Turner
3287:Bourne
3262:DuPont
2492:Moscow
2462:Geneva
2353:(1981)
2345:(1987)
2337:(1983)
2100:, and
2056:May 7,
1365:Acting
1297:Acting
1250:Acting
1139:Acting
1062:Acting
955:Acting
853:Start
847:Image
709:Start
612:Start
516:Alaska
514:, and
512:Oregon
114:/ondcp
63:, U.S.
39:Formed
3394:Gupta
3334:Brown
3257:Jaffe
3137:MACRS
2136:" at
1817:MSNBC
1792:Slate
1534:(PDF)
1462:1998
1456:1998
1450:1997
1438:1994
1429:1988
850:Name
706:Name
609:Name
363:Other
272:, or
130:ONDCP
3377:Baum
2218:and
2058:2017
1547:2018
856:End
712:End
615:End
576:and
554:and
449:and
236:and
228:The
194:the
187:the
124:The
112:.gov
274:SES
108:www
3855::
3835:,
3831:,
3827:,
3813:,
3794:,
3790:,
3691:,
3687:,
3683:,
3656:,
3590:,
3571:,
3567:,
3563:,
3519:,
3515:,
3511:,
3507:,
3503:,
3474:,
3470:,
3466:,
3462:,
3458:,
2084:,
2080:,
2044:,
2027:,
2009:,
1991:,
1980:^
1825:^
1790:,
1784:,
1768:,
1721:,
1660:,
1649:^
1536:.
510:,
443:,
437:,
431:,
428:ER
404:WB
172:A
136:.
3839:)
3823:(
3809:(
3798:)
3786:(
3765:)
3761:(
3745:)
3720:)
3716:(
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3706:(
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3679:(
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3646:)
3642:(
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3605:(
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3586:(
3575:)
3559:(
3549:(
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3534:(
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3499:(
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3454:(
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2549:"
2183:e
2176:t
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2132:"
1974:.
1643:.
1619:.
1607:.
1553:.
128:(
116:/
51:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
