124:
to call a shot (usually because a player obstructs their view) signals this by holding their hands beside their head, the upper side pointing in the same direction as the eyes; that call is then the chair umpire's responsibility. Line umpires are also responsible for calling foot faults. When baseline umpires are being used, they watch to see if the server touches any part of the baseline before the ball is struck. Center service line umpires are responsible for calling foot faults when the server steps over the imaginary extension of the centerline. Footfault calls are made with a verbal "Footfault" call followed by a vertical extension of the arm with the palm open.
55:
for officiating at the highest levels of tennis within the official's own nation and is not divided into categories (and is primarily used in
Spanish- and French-speaking areas, where a national organization may not be present). The second, the white badge, is divided into three categories (chair, chief, and referee) but remains only a national certification. The following three, bronze (chair umpire only), silver, and gold badge are considered international certifications. These international officials are those seen at the highest levels of play like the
96:
The chair umpire is often situated in a tall chair at the centre of the court, behind a net post. The players' benches are to either side of the chair. From this position, the chair umpire calls the score of the match to the players and spectators between points. At the conclusion of a point, game, or set, the chair umpire times the players to ensure they follow ITF regulations on pace of play. The chair umpire is responsible for completing a scorecard, the official historical record of the match.
20:
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120:) "calls all shots relating to the assigned lines." Line umpires work on court as part of a team of between one and nine line umpires. Each line umpire is assigned to one line or, in the case of a short-handed crew, a position in a system. For example, a line umpire on the receiver's side may have to cover the center service line then, following the service, move to one of the sidelines.
168:"is the official who is responsible for assuring that the competition is fair and played under the ITF Rules of Tennis." The referee supervises all of the aspects of play at a tournament including the conduct of players, coaches, spectators, and administrative crew. The referee must be present whenever matches are being played.
171:
The referee also "is the final authority on all questions of tennis law..." Any player may appeal the chair umpire's interpretation of tennis law to the tournament referee or deputy referee. In making the decision on an appeal the referee must consider the rulings of fact of the chair umpire, as well
95:
is the final authority on all questions of fact during the match. Questions of fact include whether a ball was in, the calling of a service let or the calling of a foot-fault. In matches where line umpires are also assigned, the chair umpire has the right to overrule if a clear mistake has been made.
123:
The line umpire signals a ball out by making a verbal "out" call ("fault" for a serve) followed by the extension of the arm shoulder high in the direction the ball was out. A ball is signalled "safe" or "good" by holding both hands together knee-high in front of the body. A line umpire who is unable
193:
The referee is usually only seen on court during the administration of a medical timeout. Due to the complex regulations dictating medical timeouts the referee accompanies the medical trainer onto court. The referee is present to explain procedures and regulations to the player and trainer, and to
54:
Tennis officials are certified by their respective national associations. The ITF also certifies officials in the categories of the chair umpire, referee and a chief umpire. Each ITF certification or "badge" is broken into five certification levels. The first, green badge, is considered sufficient
206:
of a tournament "appoints and replaces or reassigns, when necessary, Chair
Umpires, (and) Line Umpires..." Chief umpires are used primarily in large professional tournaments and are responsible for the recruitment and hiring of officials for the tournament. During the tournament, the chief umpire
45:
At the highest levels of the sport, a team of up to eleven officials may be on court at any given time. These officials are broken up into categories based on their responsibility during the match. Contrastingly, many tennis matches are conducted with no officials present directly on court.
187:. The referee must then work with tournament organizers to schedule matches. This process has been made much easier in recent years with the introduction of computer programs that complete draw sheets and schedules based on online player entries and court availability.
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assigns umpires to courts, subject to overrule by the referee. The chief umpire also collects scorecards from chair umpires at the conclusion of the match and thus may furnish the media with any factual information they may request.
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During play of a tournament, the referee is the sole authority on the suspension of play due to weather and other concerns.
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at the 2010 Wimbledon
Championships, the longest match ever played on a professional tour.)
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in accordance with competition regulations. The making of the draw includes determining
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is a person who ensures that a match or tournament is conducted according to the
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as statements of the players and line umpires. The referee's decision is final.
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A line umpire stands at a ready position, focusing on his assigned line.
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Australian chair umpire Scott Ray positions himself prior to a match at
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560:"Automated Line Calls Will Replace Human Judges at U.S. Open"
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404:
HOPE, BB] nBURNIE INTERNATIONAL By CHLOE (2010-02-02).
422:
87:
A chair umpire checks the mark of the ball on clay.
42:Rules of Tennis and other competition regulations.
435:. International Tennis Federation. Archived from
1431:
462:"Duties and Procedures for Officials 2012 – ITF"
406:"Qualifications galore at Burnie International"
340:Damian Steiner (Argentina) (2005-2019, retired)
175:The referee is also responsible for making the
266:Kelly Rask (Formerly Thomson) (Great Britain)
662:
211:List of current ITF Gold Badge chair umpires
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139:on most matches, excluding those held at
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304:Gianluca Moscarella (Italy) (2010-2022)
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650:
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539:from the original on 19 February 2021
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403:
16:Person who acts as referee at tennis
1369:Association of Tennis Professionals
1239:International Premier Tennis League
527:Michaels, Jake (13 February 2021).
13:
558:Clarey, Christopher (2020-08-03).
467:. International Tennis Federation.
454:
14:
1456:
230:Mariana Alves (Portugal, retired)
1413:
1403:
1392:
631:USTA Regulation III.B.8 from FAC
493:"2007 ITF Officiating Structure"
310:CĂ©dric Mourier (France, retired)
288:James Keothavong (Great Britain)
282:Roland Herfel (Germany, retired)
49:
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1379:International Tennis Federation
634:
625:
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517:FAC Comment VI.F-1.2-3 from FAC
508:USTA Regulation VI.F.1 from FAC
364:FĂ©lix Torralba (Spain, retired)
294:(Sweden) (Chair umpire for the
251:(formerly Lang) (Great Britain)
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40:International Tennis Federation
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301:Pascal Maria (France, retired)
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640:USTA Regulation VI.B from FAC
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325:Richard Haigh (Great Britain)
242:Katarzyna Radwan-Cho (Poland)
614:The 2012 ITF Rules of Tennis
430:"Rules of Tennis 2012 – ITF"
349:Renaud Lichtenstein (France)
276:Mohamed El Jennati (Morocco)
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257:Marijana Veljović (Serbia)
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370:Carlos Bernardes (Brazil)
367:Damien Dumusois (France)
285:Emmanuel Joseph (France)
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183:and placing players and
1234:Champions Tennis League
361:Jaume Campistol (Spain)
346:Tom Sweeney (Australia)
322:Ali Nili (USA, retired)
316:Nico Helwerth (Germany)
313:Fergus Murphy (Ireland)
307:Nacho Forcadell (Spain)
263:Julie Kjendlie (Norway)
260:Cecilia Alberti (Italy)
239:Louise Engzell (Sweden)
227:Aurelie Tourte (France)
145:Louis Armstrong Stadium
127:To reduce staff due to
384:List of tennis umpires
358:Greg Allensworth (USA)
355:Pierre Bacchi (France)
270:
236:Marija ÄŚiÄŤak (Croatia)
137:electronic line judges
109:
88:
27:
808:electronic line judge
592:"Off Court Officials"
386:, current and former.
352:Arnaud Gabas (France)
343:John Blom (Australia)
319:Timo Janzen (Germany)
245:Paula Vieira (Brazil)
233:Miriam Bley (Germany)
107:
86:
22:
1193:Billie Jean King Cup
149:2021 Australian Open
1157:ITF Women's Circuit
1099:ATP Challenger Tour
155:Off-court officials
141:Arthur Ashe Stadium
1445:Sports officiating
1440:Tennis terminology
619:2019-05-09 at the
564:The New York Times
254:Juan Zhang (China)
222:Eva Asderaki-Moore
131:restrictions, the
110:
89:
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1399:Tennis portal
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1104:ITF Men's Circuit
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479:"ITF Officiating"
373:Adel Nour (Egypt)
296:Isner–Mahut match
129:COVID-19 pandemic
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1362:Governing bodies
1271:Intercontinental
1268:
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1244:World TeamTennis
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771:serve-and-volley
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621:Wayback Machine
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67:Tours, and the
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819:Controversies
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612:Appendix V of
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442:on May 9, 2019
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1344:Pan American
1298:Commonwealth
1224:Wightman Cup
1120:WTA rankings
1067:ATP rankings
1051:Professional
951:double fault
936:Passing shot
921:Groundstroke
833:Match fixing
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598:30 September
596:. Retrieved
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541:. Retrieved
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444:. Retrieved
437:the original
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413:. Retrieved
410:The Advocate
409:
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335:Carlos Ramos
204:chief umpire
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198:Chief umpire
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133:2020 US Open
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93:chair umpire
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79:Chair umpire
53:
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35:
29:
1419:WikiCommons
1317:Continental
1293:Universiade
1283:Paralympics
1262:Multi-sport
1174:tournaments
1171:Team tennis
1002:French Open
982:Grand Slams
926:Half volley
699:Match types
543:18 February
329:Kader Nouni
114:line umpire
100:Line umpire
57:Grand Slams
1434:Categories
1208:Hopman Cup
1198:United Cup
1021:Statistics
803:Technology
777:Equipment
714:Statistics
577:2021-06-02
415:2019-12-01
391:References
337:(Portugal)
118:line judge
1203:Laver Cup
1188:Davis Cup
1028:Champions
1007:Wimbledon
906:Drop shot
572:0362-4331
147:. At the
135:employed
25:Wimbledon
1278:Olympics
1125:WTA Tour
1072:ATP Tour
916:Forehand
901:Backspin
896:Backhand
838:Grunting
813:Hawk-Eye
798:Official
761:Strategy
724:Stadiums
709:Rankings
694:Glossary
617:Archived
537:Archived
533:ESPN.com
378:See also
331:(France)
224:(Greece)
36:official
1409:Outline
1339:Pacific
1324:African
1249:ATP Cup
1217:Defunct
1038:Records
1012:US Open
963:Topspin
791:strings
742:General
719:Umpires
704:Players
689:History
166:referee
160:Referee
1303:Island
1264:events
1181:Active
1145:Finals
1092:Finals
990:Events
968:Volley
873:Carpet
850:Courts
828:Doping
786:racket
734:Basics
678:Tennis
570:
75:Cups.
32:tennis
1329:Asian
1113:Women
1053:tours
958:Smash
941:Serve
888:Shots
868:Grass
766:grips
754:point
594:. ITF
496:(PDF)
465:(PDF)
440:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
216:Women
181:seeds
73:Davis
34:, an
1130:1000
1077:1000
911:Flat
878:Wood
863:Clay
858:Hard
781:ball
600:2012
568:ISSN
545:2021
448:2012
202:The
185:byes
164:The
143:and
116:(or
112:The
91:The
71:and
63:and
1140:250
1135:500
1087:250
1082:500
1060:Men
946:ace
931:Lob
271:Men
69:Fed
65:WTA
61:ATP
30:In
1436::
566:.
562:.
535:.
531:.
408:.
59:,
670:e
663:t
656:v
602:.
580:.
547:.
498:.
481:.
450:.
418:.
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