Ohio Amish Country

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include "resting places" such as parlors in hotels or wrapround porches lined with rocking chairs or other seating on retail shops, which emphasizes a sense of having plentiful time. Her conclusion is that the Victorian theme and emphasis on resting places is capitalizing on the attraction of nostalgia for a simpler life with plentiful time, which it has in common with the Amish. Large parking lots and sidewalks connect the business district, which is condensed into six square blocks and connected by wide sidewalks, further encouraging a feeling of a slower-pace and life lived on foot. American flags and other patriotic-themed decor are commonly displayed in both exterior and interior spaces, which Trollinger again finds interesting when contrasted to the Amish, who refuse to recite the Pledge of Allegiance and do not fly flags at their schools and homes.

2127:(Ohio Minimum Standards), which requires certain subjects be taught, including English, mathematics, geography, history, health, German, vocal music. Classes are required to be taught in English, still the second language for most Amish, except in German classes. In practice, each school sets its own curriculum, and according to Karen Johnson-Weiner, despite the Ohio Minimum Standards, certain subjects—typically geography, history, and health—are sometimes not taught because of objections from teachers or parents. Some Old Order Amish parents object to teaching history because "there is too much glorification of war". Johnson-Weiner reported in 2007 that students at a school taught by a Swartzentruber member didn't study geography or health because of the teacher's objection to teaching those subjects. 2079: 1960: 2140: 2167:, first published in the 1920s, similarly uses story problems that do not represent modern life. The texts are also valued for their emphasis on rote learning, mastery of basics, and respect for authority and for relative lack of emphasis on discussion-based learning. Many conservative Old Order Amish also avoid carrying religion into the schools, as they believe parents and religious leaders, rather than schoolteachers, should be teaching religion; these older texts tend to be "moralistic...but religiously neutral". The older texts are also valued for the continuity they provide; children are learning from the same textbooks as their parents and grandparents. 354: 285: 249: 2223: 1770: 260: 2001: 1743: 1811: 40: 1873: 301:, and Swartzentruber, as of 2010 made up about 97% of church districts in the settlement, with the Old Order Amish the largest portion. The Swartzentruber Amish include three separate groups, the Swartzentruber-Andy Weaver (which is unrelated to the Andy Weaver group), Swartzentruber-Mose Miller, and Swartzentruber-Joe Troyer, each of which considers itself the true Swartzentruber. Other Amish groups include Stutzman-Troyer, Roman, Old Order Tobe, 1943:

in common serving dishes from which each person serves themself, serving dishes are refilled until all are satisfied, and nothing on the table is a convenience item, which she says "recreat(es) a cultural memory of family" and the sharing of a homecooked meal. The most visible Amish in Amish country are typically young women making, serving, or selling food; shopping with multiple young children in tow; or men doing woodwork or farming or driving

4657: 189: 1716: 1685: 1658: 1632: 1605: 1578: 1552: 1526: 1500: 1473: 1446: 1419: 1392: 1365: 1338: 1312: 1285: 1258: 1231: 1204: 1177: 1151: 1124: 1097: 1070: 1043: 1016: 989: 962: 935: 908: 881: 854: 827: 800: 773: 747: 720: 693: 666: 639: 612: 585: 558: 531: 504: 477: 450: 423: 2103:

Amish parochial schools and a case before the Supreme Court which found that mandatory school attendance until 16 interfered with free exercise of religion among the Amish. Many Amish schools are former one-room public schoolhouses that the local Amish church districts purchased when public schools consolidated into multi-classroom campuses.

212:, about five miles west, and built a cabin on the creek. In 1810 six families and in 1811 two more families from Somerset County joined the Walnut Creek settlement. In 1818 the government decreased the land prices from $ 2 per acre to $ 1.25 and by 1835, the Holmes County settlement included two hundred and fifty families. 1921:

resulted in local business leaders transforming the town into a Swiss village starting in 1965. By the early 70s the first tourist-oriented businesses were opening, and the tourism industry in Sugarcreek was centered not only around the Amish but also around a steam engine passenger train operated by the

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Holmes County has the lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates in the state, and fewer than 1% of Amish had been vaccinated by April 2021. When vaccines became available for COVID-19, the county posted the lowest vaccination rates of Ohio's 88 counties and among the lowest in the country. As of February 13,

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According to Trollinger the Amish tourist experience is targeted very strategically to attract a specific audience. She describes typical Amish Country tourists as a "relatively homogeneous group": white, working or middle-class, middle-aged to retirement-aged Americans visiting with their spouse and

1929:

until 2004. Since the train stopped running, tourism in Sugarcreek has decreased. Trollinger theorizes that unlike Walnut Creek and Berlin, which support a nostalgia that reassures tourists that what they are nostalgic for still exists in America, and is therefore a nostalgia of hope, the Swiss theme

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A traditional source of income for most Ohio Amish is farming, and traditional farm life is central to the lives of most Amish. In the southeastern areas of the Holmes County community, logging had been a traditional source of income. As of 2010 approximately 17 percent of Amish heads of household in

373:

Data from 2010 according to "Association of Religion Data Archives" (ARDA) and from 2020 according to the "US Religion Census" report. Data are only shown for Old Order Amish and exclude related groups such as Beachy Amish-Mennonite Churches, Maranatha Amish-Mennonite, Amish-Mennonites and Mennonites

296:

and in 2021 included an estimated 37,770 children and adults, the second largest in the world after the population of 41,000 centered around Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Holmes County community includes multiple affiliations or orders and is the most highly-concentrated, diverse and complex of

2102:

In 1914 the first clash over state-regulated mandatory school attendance until 16 occurred in Geauga County when three Amish fathers received fines when they did not send their children to school for 9th grade. In the 1920s and 1930s there were similar clashes in other states, resulting in a rise in

2021:

it has been called the “Sistine Chapel of the Amish and Mennonites”. Anabaptist scholar Susan Biesecker-Mast calls it "an effort to exceed the tourist economy of Holmes County by offering a transformative rhetoric for its visitors". The painting was created over 14 years and completed in 1992. It is

1950:

According to Trollinger, some Amish view tourists as an opportunity to "shar(e) their Christian witness through their visibly different common life and daily practices." Some "expressed compassion" for the tourists, whose daily lives were filled with pressure and who were charmed by the slower paced

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Trollinger theorizes that Amish Country tourism reassures visitors that a form of traditional American life still exists even during and after periods of rapid societal change. She notes that the largest of the tourist-oriented restaurants serves scratch-cooked meals "family style", serving all food

1907:

More tourists visit Berlin, permanent population 685, than any other town in Ohio Amish Country. Berlin was the first town in Ohio to market the Amish to tourists. Berlin's business district is large, with as of 2012 more than 40 shops, 10 hotels, and multiple restaurants large and small. Trollinger

1903:

Beginning in the 1990s business leaders have developed Walnut Creek into an American-Victorian themed town, which the University of Dayton's Susan Trollinger calls "puzzling" because of the stark contrast between Victorian overdecorating and the Amish plainness. Tourist-oriented businesses typically

215:

Beginning in the 1860s, a schism between conservative Amish, centered in Holmes County but occurring throughout North American Amish communities, separated the Amish into the Old Order Amish and the Amish Mennonites, most of whom merged into Mennonite communities. During the 1900s, the Holmes County

203:

river. Jacob Miller and his sons, Henry and Jacob, travelled in 1808 from Somerset County, Pennsylvania, and built a cabin northeast of the current village of Sugarcreek in Tuscarawas County. Henry overwintered on the claim, and the other two returned to Pennsylvania for the winter. The rest of the

1797:

to sew masks for its employees and visitors. Local businessmen John Miller and Abe Troyer organized a sewing "frolic", a term used by the Amish to mean put together a group effort. Many Amish seamstresses had been idled by the pandemic's shutdowns, and Amish do not apply for social benefits, so the

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Holmes County has been projected to become the first in the US with a majority-Amish population. Amish in general have high birth rates; as of 2012 in Holmes County, the most conservative groups had both the highest birth rates and the highest retention rates of young adults deciding to be baptized

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While there are a few small groups of Mennonites that do not own automobiles, there are none in the Holmes County community that do not permit ownership of the automobile. In the Greater Holmes County Amish Community, automobile ownership is one of the ways one can define whether they are Amish or

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As of 2008 the paper published approximately 300 letters each week and had a subscription of 10,000. As of 2010 an edition ran to 50 pages, primarily containing letters from Amish communities throughout the world, and sold for $ 1. Scribes are unpaid but receive envelopes and stamps; handwritten

2213:

According to Johnson-Weiner writing in 2007, teachers are typically not chosen from a pool of applicants but instead recruited by school board members. Ohio Minimum Standards does not require teachers to have more than an eighth-grade education but does encourage "a self-imposed research into the

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The Amish tend to be conservative and to vote that way. Voting outcomes in Holmes County on issues that are important to the Amish, such as those concerning the schools and alcohol sales, tend to be affected by the Amish vote. In some Holmes County townships all businesses except gas stations are

1785:

Many Amish supplement farming income with sales of hand-made goods such as brooms, baskets, quilts, leather goods, woodworking, and other artisan products sold from homes or in local shops. Some own or work in area businesses surrounding the use of wood, such as carpentry, woodworking, furniture

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started in 1890 as a local newspaper for the town of Sugarcreek. The first 14-page issue was published May 15, 1890, by John C. Miller, known as "Budget John". By the 1920s most of the letter correspondents were Mennonite, but by the late 1930s were mostly Old Order Amish. By 1959 the paper was

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From the early 2010s, sheep farming has become increasingly common as the land in much of the Holmes County area is better for foraging than for farming, and sheep are good foragers that do not need as much expensive feed as cows. Sheep can also be more profitable on smaller acreage than larger

1939:

another married couple who arrive in late-model American-made SUVs or minivans and often wearing shirts with American flags, sports team logos, or Harley Davidson logos. Trollinger concludes that the average tourist is of "moderate income, average education, and moderately conservative views."

1920:

Sugarcreek's historical beginnings were rooted in cheese production. Swiss immigrants arrived in the early 1830s and used the milk from Amish dairy farms to produce their cheese and in the 1950s created an annual Ohio Swiss Festival; the success of early festivals as an attraction for tourists

1778:

Holmes County and 7 percent in Geauga County reported their primary occupation as farming. In 2003 a group of Holmes County Amish leaders established Green Field Farms, a cooperative wholesaler of organic agricultural products whose membership is limited to those who use horse-drawn vehicles.

2191:. Illustrations in the series contain no images of people. Some conservative communities have rejected the Pathway Readers as too progressive in its approach and too implicitly religious, . Pathway Readers, the first of which were published in 1968, as of 2007 had not been revised. 1947:. Taken all together, Trollinger argues, the tourism experience in Amish Country, and especially in Walnut Creek and Berlin, reassures the tourist that "it is still possible to live at a leisurely pace, to have clarity about what it means to be a man or a woman, to feel patriotic". 3744: 2295:

In 1995 several Old Order Amish leaders created a nonprofit to assist young couples in purchasing their first home. As of 2010 the fund held $ 80 million and had never had a foreclosure; loans are restricted to purchasing property for earning a livelihood and not for hunting.

1801:

Other local businesses pivoted to creating face shields, dividers for field hospitals, fluid-resistant gowns, shoe coverings, and other items. By April 9 the Cleveland Clinic was receiving 10,000 masks a day and one local business was producing 100,000 face shields per day.

2135:

Texts are typically chosen from those offered by several publishers, including Pathway Publishing Company, Gordonville Printing Company, and Study Time, which are Old Order Amish presses, or the Schoolaid Publishing Company or Rod and Staff, which are Mennonite presses.

1818:

Efforts to promote the Holmes County community as a tourist destination began in the 1950s. Approximately four million tourists visit Holmes County each year as of 2012; the direct economic impact at the time was estimated at $ 154 million annually. Amish

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livestock. As early as the 1990s Amish farmers adopted organic farming methods; there were no certified organic dairies in Ohio in 1997, but within a few years there were more than one hundred, 90% of which were either Old Order Mennonite- or Amish-owned.

2170:

Other publishers, such as Pathway, created texts specifically designed for use in Old Order Amish schools using a combination of curated stories and essays originally published elsewhere and those written for the purpose. The eight-grade Pathway Reader,

2246:, which is part of the Holmes County settlement. Issues contain letters from "scribes", usually women, reporting what has been happening in their church district. The paper is published in English; while the first language most Old Order Amish learn is 2090:, which is side-gabled and typically a single room deep, typically symmetrical on all sides, and includes full-length porches on the front and back sides. Sometimes the I-house will add a wing in the back. A second form is a one-and-a-half or two story 1916:

and points out that like Walnut Creek, all call back to the past. Trollinger argues that the frontier theme in Berlin presents a story of peaceful people leaving crowded cities behind in order to make a better life for themselves and their families.

267:

Holmes County has the highest concentration in the world, with the Amish in 2020 making up approximately half the population, and the largest population of Amish of all orders. Including all communities, Ohio has the second-largest population of

168:

and in 2023 included an estimated 39,525 children and adults, the second largest in the world and the highest concentration of Amish in any US county; the Amish make up half the population of Holmes County, with members of other closely related

2035:

The Amish do not reject medical care, but an increasing number reject vaccination; in the early 2010s, 14% of the Amish in Ohio reported their children were unvaccinated, while in 2021 59% reported not vaccinating children. In 2014 Holmes and

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Counties. Holmes County itself has the highest concentration of Amish in any US county; the Amish make up half the county's population. In contrast, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the Amish represent about 7% of the county's population.

2110:

district, had a student body that was 100% Amish. Holmes County as of 2009 had over 200 Amish parochial schools; approximately half the Amish students in the county were enrolled in public schools. The Amish celebrate January 6, or

1974:, designated in 1998, that runs 164 miles (264 km) through many Amish communities in Holmes County. The byway focuses on backroads with views of rolling farmland and concentrations of Amish homes, farms, and home businesses. 235:

requires essential services such as shopping, banks and medical care to be within a distance manageable by that method of transportation, which limits travel to about 10 to 35 miles per day depending on various factors.

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In Ohio in 1998 the typical congregation consisted of 25 families and met every other week at a different family's home. A meal is served following the service, which last approximately 4 hours. Hymns are sung from the

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production, pallet production, or lumber wholesale or retail businesses. As of 2010 three of the largest non-Amish employers of Amish were garage-door manufacturer Wayne-Dalton, Keim Lumber, and Weaver Leather.

4297: 4197: 2026:

is the only existing cyclorama painted by a single artist. It follows the development of Anabaptism from the time of Jesus through the 1990s and portrays approximately 1200 biblical and historical figures.

3964:

Gastañaduy, Paul A.; Budd, Jeremy; Fisher, Nicholas; Redd, Susan B.; Fletcher, Jackie; Miller, Julie; McFadden, Dwight J.; Rota, Jennifer; Rota, Paul A.; Hickman, Carole; Fowler, Brian (October 6, 2016).

2346: 3942: 1986:

is a museum in eastern Holmes County, in Berlin, Ohio. It opened in 1981 as the Mennonite Information Center. By 1989 it had moved to the current structure which was finished to include the

4027: 2250:, a dialect of German, many older Amish did not learn to read or write it. William Schreiber notes the tendency for German phrasing and the occasional German word in many contributions. 4192: 3810: 231:

As of 2010 there were over fifty Amish settlements in Ohio and 418 congregations, more than any other state. Ohio's rural counties are attractive to Old Order Amish because travel by

4060: 3730: 2115:, as "Old Christmas"; the public schools remain open but Amish students are excused, which means some classrooms, or in the case of Flat Ridge Elementary entire schools, are empty. 3055: 199:

At the time of the Holmes County settlement's founding there was at least one sizable village of Native Americans on the northern edge of what would become Holmes County, near the

4690: 2933: 3246: 3029: 2964: 1930:

of Sugarcreek inspires a nostalgia for something that is forever gone—that is, a period in which the United States was a white-majority country—and so does not reassure.

4187: 3485: 3107: 4090: 3279: 2163:

series from the 1950s are valued by some schools for presenting a non-Amish world but one that "does not expose (students) to the dangers of modern society". The

3646: 240:

researcher Joseph Donnermeyer called Ohio "the perfect mix", saying, "You can't be too rural. You have to be close enough to a town with the basic necessities."

3909: 3213: 2194:

School Aid and Study Time also publish purpose-created textbooks along with teaching materials, and periodically updates texts with input from teachers and new

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once every five years; as of 2010 it had grown to 900 pages and includes births, deaths, marriages, and occupations for all Amish except the Swartzentrubers.

3777: 2402: 2051:

Holmes County is the least-insured county in Ohio, as the Amish typically do not use commercial health insurance but instead contribute to a community fund.

4735: 3848: 4760: 3932: 2724: 2527: 1913: 3331: 2336: 208:

pulled by a team of six, a trip that took a month. The Millers settled in Tuscarawas, and Stutzman continued on to the area of the current village of

3131: 2656: 216:

community experienced multiple schisms into over thirty different groups, birthing several new orders and some that eventually became non-Amish. The

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Amish settlements worldwide. The settlement includes eleven separate Amish affiliations. Four affiliations, the New Order Amish, Old Order Amish,

273: 158: 3622: 3507: 3454: 4017: 2376: 2201:

Some teachers, especially in Swartzentruber schools, create their own teaching materials, making multiple copies for student use with homemade

3815: 2829: 3180: 180:

Ohio's Amish Country in and around Holmes County is one of the state's primary tourist attractions and a major driver of the area's economy.

4050: 3591: 4765: 3051: 2998: 3870:

Scott, Ethan M.; Stein, Rachel; Brown, Miraides F.; Hershberger, Jennifer; Scott, Elizabeth M.; Wenger, Olivia K. (February 12, 2021).

3675: 3236: 3019: 17: 4497: 4755: 2078: 4291: 4150: 3782: 3419: 2770: 2682: 2613: 2535: 2479: 2541: 3702: 3477: 3103: 2242:

correspondence newspaper distributed in various Amish communities throughout the US and in other countries, is produced in

1983: 3269: 4730: 4725: 4550: 4241: 4164: 2627: 2493: 2040:

Counties experienced a measles outbreak after men from the community returned from a mission trip building houses in the

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denominations, such as the Mennonites, residing there as well. The second largest community in Ohio is centered around

4582: 3514: 3203: 2899: 4700: 4695: 2856: 2398: 4745: 4337: 3971: 3707: 1864:, have a large tourism industry. In 2017, Holmes County was the second most popular tourist destination in Ohio. 305:, and New Order Christian Fellowship. There are multiple other populations of Anabaptists in the area, including 4750: 4720: 3838: 2471: 3772: 2714: 2361: 1959: 272:

in the world, with in 2023 an estimated 84,065 members, second to Pennsylvania with 88,850, according to the

3313: 1922: 4577: 4366: 2247: 2048:

2022, fewer than 20% of county residents had been vaccinated as compared to approximately 60% statewide.

1885: 1841: 128: 3559: 353: 4381: 3735: 2176: 2013:, meaning "to keep or to remember", is a 10 ft × 265 ft (3.0 m × 80.8 m) 3444: 4523: 3618: 2139: 2107: 1790: 2368: 2151:, first published in 1919, for very conservative schools. Some supply reprints of early editions of 1990:

as well as a bookstore. The center was renamed in 2002 to reflect its mission as a cultural center.

4705: 3805: 2819: 3172: 284: 4715: 4628: 4441: 3871: 2804: 2341: 1861: 1513: 1138: 707: 333: 115: 4770: 4740: 4545: 4540: 3595: 1645: 1084: 545: 491: 325: 4710: 3670: 2995: 2861: 2824: 2062: 1433: 1379: 1299: 1272: 1218: 976: 868: 841: 787: 237: 4685: 4613: 4386: 4265: 3937: 3665: 3449: 2188: 1592: 1565: 1325: 1164: 814: 626: 572: 321: 302: 253: 217: 111: 8: 4661: 4330: 3564: 1619: 1539: 1487: 1460: 1245: 1191: 1003: 949: 760: 680: 653: 599: 437: 410: 362: 293: 232: 196:

The Holmes County community was founded in 1808 and the Geauga County community in 1886.

174: 165: 49: 45: 4480: 4354: 3901: 3318: 3208: 2305: 2112: 1889: 1845: 1406: 1352: 1111: 1030: 922: 895: 734: 464: 337: 329: 209: 154: 4051:"'Not surprised': Holmes County reporting lowest COVID-19 vaccination numbers in Ohio" 4535: 4507: 4415: 4287: 4233: 4156: 4146: 3998: 3990: 3905: 3893: 3425: 3415: 3323: 2905: 2895: 2776: 2766: 2688: 2678: 2619: 2609: 2605:

An Amish paradox : diversity & change in the world's largest Amish community

2531: 2485: 2475: 2037: 1971: 1964: 1909: 1833: 1793:

protective gear shortages, members of the Holmes County settlement were asked by the

1672: 1057: 518: 298: 248: 221: 4018:"Ohio Amish begin vaccinations amid largest measles outbreak in recent U.S. history" 3980: 3885: 3843: 3151: 2934:"Around Town: Truly conservative: Living life the Amish way in Holmes County, Ohio" 2719: 2261:

letters arrive to the office of the newspaper via mail and fax. Steven Nolt called

2243: 2153: 2091: 1944: 1893: 1853: 1794: 1769: 3889: 2094:. Roof pitches are moderate and houses are typically wood-clad and painted white. 4643: 4633: 4603: 3002: 2784: 2521: 2461: 2000: 1828: 1742: 310: 259: 225: 205: 103: 99: 2086:

The Amish in Ohio typically build spacious two-story houses. Styles include the

220:, considered the most conservative of Amish orders, split off in the 1910s. The 4680: 4446: 4323: 3933:"In Ohio's Amish Country, coronavirus is taken seriously, health officials say" 3666:"Postcard from ... Berlin: Behalt Cyclorama tells the story of the Anabaptists" 3538: 2125:

Minimum Standards for the Amish Private Elementary Schools of the State of Ohio

1896:, just across the border in Tuscarawas County, all of which are situated along 200: 2894:. Loren Wengerd, Laura Hurwitz (1st ed.). Bellevue, WA: Eaglemont Press. 1810: 204:

family, including Miller's nephew Jonas Stutzman, returned the next year in a

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An Amish Paradox: Diversity and Change in the World's Largest Amish Community

4237: 4160: 3994: 3429: 3327: 3077: 2965:"COVID-19 Has Hit The Amish Community Hard. Still, Vaccines Are A Tough Sell" 2780: 2692: 2623: 2489: 2159: 1897: 1877: 4188:"Old Christmas is a time for reflecting, visiting family among Ohio's Amish" 2909: 2788: 39: 4638: 4618: 4598: 4402: 4022: 4002: 3897: 3274: 2277: 2184: 2180: 2022:

one of four existing cycloramas in the US and one of only 16 in the world;

1926: 365:

with in 2021 an estimated 19,420 members, the fourth-largest in the world.

306: 107: 4227: 4140: 3985: 3966: 3409: 2760: 2672: 2603: 2465: 2373:

Elizabethtown College, the Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies

2222: 2004:

Amish students from Indiana and Pennsylvania on a field trip to see Behalt

4555: 4451: 4407: 4397: 4263:

Giffels, David (May 23, 1999). "All the Amish news that's fit to print".

3149:

Williams, Deborah (July 12, 1998). "Living off the land, the Amish way".

2938: 2891:

Holmespun : an intimate portrait of an Amish and Mennonite community

2889: 2041: 1872: 1857: 1849: 1837: 132: 3644:

Miller, Nancy Baren (July 1997). "Amish Buggies in Little Switzerland".

4623: 4608: 4474: 3697: 2239: 2234: 2202: 2067: 1832:. By the 1960s bus tours of Holmes County were available. The towns of 314: 228:, considered the most technologically liberal, split off in the 1960s. 170: 94: 4560: 3241: 2082:

Laundry drying under a porch roof on a cold, wet day in Holmes County

2014: 1908:

calls its architecture and offerings "eclectic" but dominated by the

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As of 2010 the Flat Ridge Elementary School, a public school in the

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Concise encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites

2195: 2654:

Vonada, Damaine (August 1998). "Welcome to Ohio's Amish Country".

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group), with in 2023 an estimated 84,065 members according to the

4656: 4528: 3967:"A Measles Outbreak in an Underimmunized Amish Community in Ohio" 3876: 3024: 2802:

Clark, Jayne (July 2, 1995). "Bargains and Old-fashioned Charm".

2608:. David L. McConnell. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2087: 1826:

Interest in the Amish was increased by the 1955 Broadway musical

1820: 1757: 188: 4565: 4142:

Train up a child : Old Order Amish & Mennonite schools

4055: 1987: 3129:

Rovito, Markkus (April 1997). "Religion Dictates Amish Life".

4570: 4346: 1747: 269: 150: 3872:"Vaccination patterns of the northeast Ohio Amish revisited" 3020:"Amish Paradise: Living Uninsured But Healthy In Rural Ohio" 2759:

Umble, Diane Zimmerman; Weaver-Zercher, David, eds. (2008).

4232:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 145–146. 3869: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 3508:"2020 Amish Country Byway Corridor Management Plan (CMP)" 2969: 2017:

by Heinz Gaugel located in the museum. According to the

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Hurst, Charles E.; McConnell, David L. (April 5, 2010).

3963: 2269:, important vehicles for creating a sense of community. 1977: 4691:

Christian organizations established in the 17th century

3839:"Explore the vast variety of Ohio's religious cultures" 3592:"About Us | Amish & Mennonite Heritage Center" 3294: 2319: 44:

Amish settlements in Ohio. The largest centered around

3731:"Behalt: a rhetoric of remembrance and transformation" 2715:"Amish settlements in Ohio, North America on the rise" 1933: 3104:"U.S. Religion Census | Maps and data files for 2020" 2265:, along with another Amish correspondence newspaper 361:

Ohio's second largest settlement is centered around

2758: 2470:. Karen Johnson-Weiner, Steven M. Nolt. Baltimore: 164:Ohio's largest Amish settlement is centered around 2765:. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2308:, an offshoot of the Holmes County Amish community 2283:Carlisle Printing near Walnut Creek publishes the 3411:Selling the Amish : the tourism of nostalgia 2677:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2257:delivered to 42 states and 10 foreign countries. 2147:Some, such as Gordonville, reprint texts such as 1884:Ohio's Amish tourism centers around the towns of 1823:is a major part of the economy of Holmes County. 4672: 3616: 3536:Warren, Rich (May 2010). "Into Amish Country". 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2401:. Best of Ohio's Amish Country. June 28, 2019. 274:Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies 159:Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies 4279: 4138: 3728: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 4331: 4145:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 3414:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 292:Ohio's largest settlement is centered around 3478:"Holmes County tourism, hotels keep growing" 3314:"In Ohio, the Amish Take On the Coronavirus" 4736:Religious organizations established in 1693 2844: 2421: 320:The settlement stretches into the adjacent 4761:17th-century establishments in Switzerland 4338: 4324: 3407: 3311: 3270:"Turning back time with the Amish of Ohio" 2165:Strayer-Upton Practical Arithmetics Series 38: 4225: 4048: 3984: 3237:"The Amish: 10 things you might not know" 3173:"Sheep offering options for Ohio's Amish" 2812: 2712: 2523:Amish Pioneers of the Walnut Creek Valley 2399:"The Amish and Their Mennonite Neighbors" 2334: 2066:). Many of Holmes County's townships are 368: 3930: 3557: 3148: 2996:The 12 Largest Amish Communities (2017). 2962: 2670: 2460: 2280:, that serves the Ohio Amish community. 2221: 2138: 2077: 1999: 1958: 1871: 1809: 1768: 1741: 352: 283: 258: 247: 187: 4498:List of U.S. states by Amish population 4262: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4093:from the original on February 12, 2022. 4015: 3803: 3770: 3457:from the original on September 23, 2020 3312:Williamson, Elizabeth (April 9, 2020). 3267: 3052:"Association of Religion Data Archives" 3017: 1761:, the oldest hymnal in continuous use. 14: 4673: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 3836: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3729:Biesecker-Mast, Susan (July 1, 1999). 3659: 3657: 3643: 3625:from the original on December 23, 2016 3572:from the original on September 5, 2015 3558:Brownlee, Amy Knueven (July 1, 2011). 3553: 3551: 3549: 3535: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3234: 3201: 3144: 3142: 3128: 2989: 2653: 2519: 2379:from the original on September 2, 2023 2337:"Trip back in time: the Amish in Ohio" 2276:is a biweekly newsletter published in 1954: 4319: 4200:from the original on January 31, 2022 4185: 4030:from the original on October 19, 2019 4016:Tribble, Sarah Jane (June 25, 2014). 3710:from the original on February 1, 2020 3703:Amish & Mennonite Heritage Center 3663: 3475: 3442: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3216:from the original on January 15, 2021 3166: 3164: 3162: 3013: 3011: 2958: 2956: 2931: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2887: 2801: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2713:Blackwell, Brandon (August 6, 2012). 2649: 2647: 2645: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2335:Winnerman, Jim (September 12, 2010). 2290: 1984:Amish & Mennonite Heritage Center 1978:Amish & Mennonite Heritage Center 1773:Amish farmer plowing in Holmes County 149:, is the second-largest community of 4049:Stratford, Suzanne (July 29, 2021). 3851:from the original on August 19, 2021 3818:from the original on August 19, 2021 3678:from the original on August 19, 2021 3488:from the original on August 18, 2021 3249:from the original on August 16, 2014 3183:from the original on August 18, 2021 3177:Ohio Ag Net | Ohio's Country Journal 3084:from the original on October 3, 2023 2869:from the original on August 12, 2021 2832:from the original on August 12, 2021 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2515: 2513: 2511: 1798:work helped sustain their families. 68:Regions with significant populations 4551:List of Amish and their descendants 4212: 4097: 4042: 3945:from the original on March 22, 2020 3837:Glaser, Susan (December 25, 2011). 3759: 3654: 3546: 3500: 3469: 3334:from the original on April 23, 2020 3282:from the original on March 10, 2019 3235:Diebel, Matthew (August 15, 2014). 3202:Larsen, Doris (December 16, 2004). 3139: 3058:from the original on August 3, 2023 3032:from the original on April 23, 2021 2977:from the original on April 28, 2021 2123:Amish schools are regulated by the 1934:Tourists and the tourist experience 24: 4766:European diaspora in North America 4063:from the original on July 29, 2021 3931:Schladen, Marty (March 21, 2020). 3617:Alice T. Carter (August 3, 2013). 3476:Lynch, Kevin (November 27, 2017). 3346: 3261: 3159: 3110:from the original on July 27, 2023 3018:Pfleger, Paige (August 27, 2019). 3008: 2953: 2916: 2857:"Twelve Largest Settlements, 2021" 2739: 2727:from the original on March 1, 2021 2642: 2405:from the original on April 8, 2023 1867: 288:An Amish mother on a shopping trip 224:order split off in the 1950s. The 25: 4782: 4583:Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch 4300:from the original on May 18, 2024 4244:from the original on May 18, 2024 4167:from the original on May 18, 2024 3912:from the original on May 18, 2024 3785:from the original on May 18, 2024 3771:Lueptow, Diana (April 25, 2019). 3747:from the original on May 18, 2024 3619:"Road Trip: Ohio's Amish Country" 3515:Ohio Department of Transportation 3170: 2963:Huntsman, Anna (April 28, 2021). 2699: 2630:from the original on May 18, 2024 2556: 2544:from the original on May 18, 2024 2508: 2496:from the original on May 18, 2024 2349:from the original on July 1, 2016 1925:which ran between Sugarcreek and 4655: 4186:Lynch, Kevin (January 4, 2022). 3664:Brown, Gary (October 18, 2013). 3268:Eshelby, Kate (March 10, 2019). 2932:Fiala, Donna (August 20, 2015). 2369:"Amish Population Profile, 2023" 1737: 1715: 1714: 1684: 1683: 1657: 1656: 1631: 1630: 1604: 1603: 1577: 1576: 1551: 1550: 1525: 1524: 1499: 1498: 1472: 1471: 1445: 1444: 1418: 1417: 1391: 1390: 1364: 1363: 1337: 1336: 1311: 1310: 1284: 1283: 1257: 1256: 1230: 1229: 1203: 1202: 1176: 1175: 1150: 1149: 1123: 1122: 1096: 1095: 1069: 1068: 1042: 1041: 1015: 1014: 988: 987: 961: 960: 934: 933: 907: 906: 880: 879: 853: 852: 826: 825: 799: 798: 772: 771: 746: 745: 719: 718: 692: 691: 665: 664: 638: 637: 611: 610: 584: 583: 557: 556: 530: 529: 503: 502: 476: 475: 449: 448: 422: 421: 348: 279: 4359:(by number of church districts) 4273: 4256: 4179: 4075: 4009: 3972:New England Journal of Medicine 3957: 3924: 3863: 3830: 3804:Minnich, Kate (April 1, 2016). 3797: 3722: 3690: 3637: 3610: 3584: 3529: 3436: 3228: 3195: 3122: 3096: 3070: 3044: 2881: 2795: 2157:to Swartzentruber schools. The 2030: 1951:and simpler life of the Amish. 4139:Johnson-Weiner, Karen (2007). 2664: 2472:Johns Hopkins University Press 2391: 2149:Essentials of English Spelling 1970:The Amish Country Byway is an 27:Anabaptist communities in Ohio 13: 1: 4756:1693 establishments in Europe 4226:Schreiber, William I (1962). 3890:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.022 3443:Walle, Randi (May 31, 2018). 3408:Trollinger, Susan L. (2012). 2312: 2214:school's accepted subjects". 2118: 1789:On April 1, 2020, during the 243: 3594:. Behalt.com. Archived from 3445:"Explore Ohio Amish Country" 2671:Kraybill, Donald B. (2010). 2130: 7: 4578:Pennsylvania Dutch language 2299: 2208: 2054: 263:Amish farm in Holmes County 161:at Elizabethtown College. 145:, also known simply as the 10: 4787: 4731:Protestantism in Wisconsin 4726:Anabaptism in Pennsylvania 3736:Mennonite Quarterly Review 2602:Hurst, Charles E. (2010). 2520:Miller, Betty Ann (1977). 2183:as well as the stories of 2097: 2073: 1805: 1764: 276:at Elizabethtown College. 192:An Amish farmer raking hay 183: 4652: 4591: 4524:Amish religious practices 4516: 4490: 4438:Jamesport/Bloomfield (MO) 4353: 4345: 3204:"Winter in Amish Country" 2108:East Holmes Local Schools 1993: 1892:in Holmes County, and in 127: 122: 93: 88: 80: 72: 67: 62: 57: 37: 18:Ohio's Amish Country 3078:"2020 Study Information" 3001:January 1, 2018, at the 2217: 1814:Amish-cuisine restaurant 81:Geauga County settlement 73:Holmes County settlement 4701:German-American history 4696:German-American culture 4662:Christianity portal 4629:Literature on the Amish 2820:"Amish Population 2021" 2805:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2762:The Amish and the media 2342:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2060:closed on Sundays (cf. 116:Conservative Mennonites 95:Anabaptist Christianity 4746:Swiss-American culture 4546:Women in Amish society 4541:Health among the Amish 2888:Lumry, Amanda (2002). 2230: 2144: 2083: 2005: 1967: 1881: 1852:in Holmes County, and 1815: 1774: 1751: 369:Counties by percentage 358: 289: 264: 256: 218:Schwartzentruber Amish 193: 4751:Ethnoreligious groups 4721:Protestantism in Ohio 4089:. February 14, 2022. 3986:10.1056/NEJMoa1602295 3671:The Columbus Dispatch 3647:Family Motor Coaching 2862:Elizabethtown College 2825:Elizabethtown College 2375:. September 2, 2023. 2238:, a weekly Amish and 2225: 2175:, contains poetry by 2142: 2081: 2063:Sunday Sabbatarianism 2003: 1962: 1923:Ohio Central Railroad 1876:A row of five parked 1875: 1813: 1772: 1745: 357:Young Amish men, 1973 356: 287: 262: 251: 238:Ohio State University 191: 4614:Amish preaching soup 4266:Akron Beacon Journal 4087:coronavirus.ohio.gov 3938:Akron Beacon Journal 3450:Columbus Underground 2285:Ohio Amish Directory 2229:office in Sugarcreek 2189:Hochstetler Massacre 2143:1901 McGuffey Reader 171:Anabaptist Christian 112:Old Order Mennonites 4426:New Wilmington (PA) 4229:Our Amish neighbors 3778:Akron Life Magazine 3565:Cincinnati Magazine 2865:. August 10, 2021. 2828:. August 14, 2020. 2462:Kraybill, Donald B. 1955:Amish Country Byway 233:horse-drawn vehicle 34: 4456:Fredericktown (OH) 3698:"Behalt Cyclorama" 3319:The New York Times 3209:Cleveland Magazine 3155:. pp. G1, G4. 2306:Bergholz Community 2291:Amish Helping Fund 2248:Pennsylvania Dutch 2231: 2145: 2084: 2006: 1968: 1882: 1816: 1775: 1752: 359: 290: 265: 257: 252:Sunday traffic in 194: 155:Pennsylvania Dutch 143:Ohio Amish Country 129:Pennsylvania Dutch 33:Ohio Amish Country 32: 4668: 4667: 4536:Amish way of life 4468:Missouri/Illinois 4360: 4293:978-0-8018-9790-0 4152:978-1-4356-9211-4 3979:(14): 1343–1354. 3598:on August 6, 2017 3560:"The Simple Life" 3542:. pp. 42–44. 3421:978-1-4214-0467-7 2772:978-0-8018-8789-5 2684:978-0-8018-9657-6 2660:. pp. 70–79. 2615:978-0-8018-9790-0 2537:978-0-685-87375-5 2528:Atkinson Printing 2481:978-1-4214-0914-6 2274:Gemeinde Register 2092:gable front house 2019:Columbus Dispatch 1972:Ohio Scenic Byway 1963:The Amish ByWay, 1910:American frontier 1862:Tuscarawas County 1791:COVID-19 pandemic 1735: 1734: 139: 138: 16:(Redirected from 4778: 4660: 4659: 4412:Dover (Delaware) 4372:Elkhart-LaGrange 4358: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4317: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4223: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4193:The Daily Record 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4136: 4095: 4094: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4013: 4007: 4006: 3988: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3884:(7): 1058–1063. 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3844:The Plain Dealer 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3811:The Daily Record 3801: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3768: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3555: 3544: 3543: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3512: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3482:The Daily Record 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3405: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3309: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3168: 3157: 3156: 3152:The Buffalo News 3146: 3137: 3136: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3015: 3006: 3005:at Amish America 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2929: 2914: 2913: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2853: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2756: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2720:The Plain Dealer 2710: 2697: 2696: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2651: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2599: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2517: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2458: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2332: 2154:McGuffey Readers 1988:Behalt Cyclorama 1880:in Holmes County 1856:just across the 1795:Cleveland Clinic 1718: 1717: 1687: 1686: 1660: 1659: 1634: 1633: 1607: 1606: 1580: 1579: 1554: 1553: 1528: 1527: 1502: 1501: 1475: 1474: 1448: 1447: 1421: 1420: 1394: 1393: 1367: 1366: 1340: 1339: 1314: 1313: 1287: 1286: 1260: 1259: 1233: 1232: 1206: 1205: 1179: 1178: 1153: 1152: 1126: 1125: 1099: 1098: 1072: 1071: 1045: 1044: 1018: 1017: 991: 990: 964: 963: 937: 936: 910: 909: 883: 882: 856: 855: 829: 828: 802: 801: 775: 774: 749: 748: 722: 721: 695: 694: 668: 667: 641: 640: 614: 613: 587: 586: 560: 559: 533: 532: 506: 505: 479: 478: 452: 451: 425: 424: 377: 376: 345:into the order. 58:Total population 42: 35: 31: 21: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4706:German diaspora 4671: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4654: 4648: 4634:Amish Mennonite 4604:Amish furniture 4587: 4512: 4486: 4462:Kansas/Oklahoma 4357: 4349: 4344: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4294: 4278: 4274: 4269:. pp. 4–6. 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4224: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4153: 4137: 4098: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4014: 4010: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3802: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3773:"Memory Center" 3769: 3760: 3750: 3748: 3727: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3662: 3655: 3650:. pp. 94+. 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3556: 3547: 3539:Home & Away 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3441: 3437: 3422: 3406: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3310: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3233: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3169: 3160: 3147: 3140: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3016: 3009: 3003:Wayback Machine 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2961: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2930: 2917: 2902: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2855: 2854: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2800: 2796: 2773: 2757: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2711: 2700: 2685: 2669: 2665: 2652: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2616: 2600: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2538: 2518: 2509: 2499: 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4449: 4444: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4387:Swartzentruber 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4351: 4350: 4343: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4320: 4312: 4311: 4292: 4272: 4255: 4211: 4178: 4151: 4096: 4074: 4041: 4008: 3956: 3923: 3862: 3829: 3796: 3758: 3743:(3): 601–615. 3721: 3689: 3653: 3636: 3609: 3583: 3545: 3528: 3499: 3468: 3435: 3420: 3345: 3293: 3260: 3227: 3194: 3158: 3138: 3121: 3095: 3069: 3043: 3007: 2988: 2952: 2915: 2900: 2880: 2843: 2811: 2794: 2771: 2738: 2698: 2683: 2663: 2641: 2614: 2555: 2536: 2507: 2480: 2420: 2390: 2360: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2132: 2129: 2120: 2117: 2099: 2096: 2075: 2072: 2056: 2053: 2032: 2029: 1997: 1992: 1979: 1976: 1956: 1953: 1935: 1932: 1869: 1866: 1807: 1804: 1766: 1763: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1638: 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