Knowledge

Okwanuchu language

Source šŸ“

1629: 154: 1153: 177:
formerly spoken in northern California. Kroeber described the language as "peculiar. Many words are practically pure Shasta; others are distorted to the very verge of recognizability, or utterly different." Golla speculates at length that the language may have mixed in another, non-Shasta language.
178:
Du Bois, interviewing a survivor of a group that the Wintu called Waymaq ("north people"), who she believed were probably identical to the Okwanuchu, recorded some words, including
1670: 1704: 182:("water"). Golla writes that eighteen more words are found, under the name "Wailaki on McCloud", in an 1884 work by Jeremiah Curtin; he too recorded 280: 253: 1699: 1694: 1663: 1191: 1656: 273: 1636: 307: 1157: 266: 1065: 1184: 1126: 1021: 1689: 1316: 1300: 865: 561: 548: 1224: 801: 1563: 1502: 1177: 939: 870: 249: 1522: 289: 901: 1311: 1306: 1134: 677: 637: 581: 567: 412: 1516: 1419: 1289: 1284: 1249: 826: 740: 734: 722: 574: 555: 1644: 433: 426: 1510: 1463: 728: 708: 343: 398: 8: 1628: 1552: 1116: 715: 388: 1335: 859: 419: 405: 1539: 1491: 1477: 1432: 1053: 1000: 852: 701: 663: 649: 628: 524: 462: 840: 144: 1470: 1454: 1425: 1388: 1367: 1265: 1258: 1217: 1208: 1070: 917: 888: 875: 846: 834: 794: 784: 747: 602: 541: 535: 469: 174: 85: 1577: 1546: 1440: 1398: 1357: 1294: 1276: 1111: 1101: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1048: 1016: 1010: 994: 958: 927: 881: 770: 670: 587: 483: 445: 376: 362: 1414: 1393: 1341: 1326: 1238: 1200: 1106: 1058: 933: 895: 815: 764: 695: 643: 597: 515: 504: 497: 490: 476: 455: 351: 316: 90: 76: 68: 1640: 1610: 1588: 1571: 1484: 1372: 1005: 974: 946: 759: 753: 690: 656: 592: 530: 369: 332: 325: 1683: 1594: 1583: 1362: 968: 683: 615: 608: 356: 30: 1557: 906: 258: 153: 41: 137: 118: 51: 1169: 186:("water"), and five words not found elsewhere in Shastan. 1681: 254:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages 1664: 1185: 274: 288: 16:Extinct Shastan language of California, USA 1705:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs 1671: 1657: 1192: 1178: 281: 267: 152: 238:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 203: 201: 199: 1682: 233: 1173: 262: 236:The Languages of Native North America 1637:Indigenous languages of the Americas 1623: 196: 1199: 13: 1700:Indigenous languages of California 1695:Extinct languages of North America 14: 1716: 243: 1627: 1152: 1151: 214: 1: 189: 1643:. You can help Knowledge by 1635:This article related to the 7: 209:California Indian languages 10: 1721: 1622: 301:indicate extinct languages 227: 1604: 1531: 1501: 1453: 1407: 1381: 1350: 1325: 1275: 1248: 1207: 1147: 1125: 1094: 1041: 1034: 984: 956: 915: 825: 782: 627: 514: 443: 386: 342: 315: 306: 296: 234:Mithun, Marianne (1999), 151: 135: 116: 111: 65: 57: 47: 36: 26: 21: 1523:Highland Oaxaca Chontal 290:Languages of California 1135:American Sign Language 741:Southern Sierra Miwok 735:Northern Sierra Miwok 729:Central Sierra Miwok 1066:Californian Spanish 61:last attested 1930s 1054:California English 985:Language isolates 678:Tuleā€“Kaweah Yokuts 664:Kings River Yokuts 650:Buena Vista Yokuts 82:Shastaā€“Palaihnihan 1690:Shastan languages 1652: 1651: 1617: 1616: 1611:extinct languages 1449: 1448: 1435: 1433:Havasupai dialect 1428: 1317:Southeastern Pomo 1301:Northeastern Pomo 1167: 1166: 1143: 1142: 1030: 1029: 562:Southeastern Pomo 549:Northeastern Pomo 168: 167: 1712: 1673: 1666: 1659: 1631: 1624: 1431: 1426:Hualapai dialect 1424: 1351:Deltaā€“California 1348: 1347: 1225:New River Shasta 1194: 1187: 1180: 1171: 1170: 1155: 1154: 1049:American English 1039: 1038: 1022:Plains Sign Talk 987:and unclassified 802:New River Shasta 313: 312: 283: 276: 269: 260: 259: 239: 221: 218: 212: 205: 175:Shastan language 161: 156: 147: 130: 121: 71: 19: 18: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1620: 1618: 1613: 1600: 1564:Western Jicaque 1527: 1497: 1445: 1403: 1377: 1346: 1321: 1271: 1244: 1203: 1201:Hokan languages 1198: 1168: 1163: 1139: 1121: 1090: 1059:Chicano English 1026: 1020: 986: 980: 952: 940:Southern Patwin 911: 871:Northern Paiute 860:LuiseƱo-JuaneƱo 821: 778: 623: 510: 439: 382: 338: 302: 292: 287: 246: 230: 225: 224: 219: 215: 206: 197: 192: 164: 163: 162: Okwanuchu 159: 143: 128: 117: 107: 72: 69:Language family 67: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1718: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1676: 1675: 1668: 1661: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1632: 1615: 1614: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1574: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1560: 1550: 1543: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1503:Tequistlatecan 1499: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1467: 1459: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1429: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1354: 1352: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1331: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1269: 1262: 1254: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1235: 1228: 1221: 1213: 1211: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1196: 1189: 1182: 1174: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1161: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1045: 1043: 1036: 1035:Non-Indigenous 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1025: 1024: 990: 988: 982: 981: 979: 978: 964: 962: 954: 953: 951: 950: 943: 936: 931: 923: 921: 913: 912: 910: 909: 904: 899: 892: 885: 878: 873: 868: 863: 856: 849: 844: 837: 831: 829: 823: 822: 820: 819: 812: 805: 798: 790: 788: 780: 779: 777: 776: 775: 774: 767: 762: 757: 745: 744: 743: 738: 731: 726: 719: 712: 705: 693: 688: 687: 686: 681: 674: 667: 660: 657:Gashowu Yokuts 653: 641: 633: 631: 625: 624: 622: 621: 620: 619: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 578: 571: 564: 559: 552: 545: 538: 533: 528: 520: 518: 512: 511: 509: 508: 501: 494: 487: 480: 473: 466: 459: 451: 449: 441: 440: 438: 437: 430: 423: 416: 409: 402: 394: 392: 384: 383: 381: 380: 373: 366: 359: 354: 348: 346: 340: 339: 337: 336: 329: 321: 319: 310: 304: 303: 297: 294: 293: 286: 285: 278: 271: 263: 257: 256: 245: 244:External links 242: 241: 240: 229: 226: 223: 222: 220:Du Bois (1935) 213: 194: 193: 191: 188: 173:is an extinct 166: 165: 158: 157: 149: 148: 141: 133: 132: 122: 114: 113: 112:Language codes 109: 108: 106: 105: 104: 103: 102: 101: 100: 99: 75: 73: 66: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 49: 45: 44: 38: 34: 33: 28: 27:Native to 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1717: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1312:Southern Pomo 1310: 1308: 1307:Northern Pomo 1305: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1160: 1159: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1127:Sign language 1124: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1042:Indo-European 1040: 1037: 1033: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1003: 1002: 997: 996: 992: 991: 989: 983: 977: 976: 971: 970: 966: 965: 963: 961: 960: 955: 949: 948: 944: 942: 941: 937: 935: 932: 930: 929: 925: 924: 922: 920: 919: 914: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 897: 893: 891: 890: 886: 884: 883: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 861: 857: 855: 854: 850: 848: 845: 843: 842: 838: 836: 833: 832: 830: 828: 824: 818: 817: 813: 811: 810: 806: 804: 803: 799: 797: 796: 792: 791: 789: 787: 786: 781: 773: 772: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 755: 751: 750: 749: 746: 742: 739: 737: 736: 732: 730: 727: 725: 724: 720: 718: 717: 713: 711: 710: 706: 704: 703: 699: 698: 697: 694: 692: 689: 685: 684:Valley Yokuts 682: 680: 679: 675: 673: 672: 668: 666: 665: 661: 659: 658: 654: 652: 651: 647: 646: 645: 642: 640: 639: 638:Klamath-Modoc 635: 634: 632: 630: 626: 618: 617: 613: 612: 611: 610: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 583: 582:Southern Pomo 579: 577: 576: 572: 570: 569: 568:Northern Pomo 565: 563: 560: 558: 557: 553: 551: 550: 546: 544: 543: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 526: 522: 521: 519: 517: 513: 507: 506: 502: 500: 499: 495: 493: 492: 488: 486: 485: 481: 479: 478: 474: 472: 471: 467: 465: 464: 460: 458: 457: 453: 452: 450: 448: 447: 442: 436: 435: 431: 429: 428: 424: 422: 421: 417: 415: 414: 410: 408: 407: 403: 401: 400: 396: 395: 393: 391: 390: 385: 379: 378: 374: 372: 371: 367: 365: 364: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 349: 347: 345: 341: 335: 334: 330: 328: 327: 323: 322: 320: 318: 314: 311: 309: 305: 300: 295: 291: 284: 279: 277: 272: 270: 265: 264: 261: 255: 251: 248: 247: 237: 232: 231: 217: 210: 207:Victor Golla 204: 202: 200: 195: 187: 185: 181: 176: 172: 155: 150: 146: 142: 140: 139: 134: 126: 123: 120: 115: 110: 98: 95: 94: 92: 91:Shasta proper 89: 88: 87: 84: 83: 81: 80: 78: 74: 70: 64: 60: 56: 53: 50: 46: 43: 39: 35: 32: 31:United States 29: 25: 20: 1645:expanding it 1634: 1619: 1606: 1593: 1576: 1562: 1545: 1538: 1517:Tequistlatec 1515: 1490: 1483: 1476: 1469: 1462: 1420:Upland Yuman 1334: 1299: 1290:Eastern Pomo 1285:Central Pomo 1264: 1257: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1223: 1216: 1156: 1015: 1009: 999: 993: 973: 967: 957: 945: 938: 926: 916: 894: 887: 880: 858: 851: 839: 814: 808: 807: 800: 793: 783: 769: 752: 733: 723:Plains Miwok 721: 714: 707: 700: 676: 669: 662: 655: 648: 636: 614: 607: 580: 575:Central Pomo 573: 566: 556:Eastern Pomo 554: 547: 540: 523: 503: 496: 489: 482: 475: 468: 461: 454: 444: 432: 425: 418: 411: 404: 397: 387: 375: 368: 361: 331: 324: 298: 235: 216: 208: 183: 179: 170: 169: 136: 124: 96: 1511:Huamelultec 1464:Coahuilteco 1250:Palaihnihan 902:TĆ¼batulabal 827:Uto Aztecan 709:Coast Miwok 1684:Categories 1117:Vietnamese 716:Lake Miwok 413:PurisimeƱo 344:Athabaskan 308:Indigenous 190:References 42:California 1609:indicate 1595:Yana/Yahi 1553:Jicaquean 1540:Chimariko 1492:Mamulique 1478:Comecrudo 1232:Okwanuchu 1001:Chimariko 853:Kitanemuk 809:Okwanuchu 702:Bay Miwok 671:Palewyami 525:Chimariko 470:Ramaytush 463:Chochenyo 434:VentureƱo 427:BarbareƱo 389:Chumashan 171:Okwanuchu 138:Glottolog 119:ISO 639-3 97:Okwanuchu 52:Okwanuchu 48:Ethnicity 40:northern 22:Okwanuchu 1471:Cotoname 1389:Maricopa 1368:Kumeyaay 1266:Atsugewi 1259:Achumawi 1218:Konomihu 1158:Category 1071:Armenian 889:Tataviam 876:Panamint 847:Kawaiisu 835:Cahuilla 795:Konomihu 629:Penutian 603:Kumeyaay 542:Atsugewi 536:Achomawi 399:ObispeƱo 250:Overview 145:okwa1235 79: ? 1607:Italics 1578:Salinan 1547:Esselen 1455:Pakawan 1441:Yavapai 1399:Quechan 1358:Cocopah 1336:CochimĆ­ 1295:Kashaya 1209:Shastan 1112:Tagalog 1102:Chinese 1086:Russian 1081:Punjabi 1076:Persian 1017:Takelma 1011:Salinan 995:Esselen 928:Nomlaki 918:Wintuan 882:Serrano 785:Shastan 771:Nisenan 748:Maiduan 588:Kashaya 484:Awaswas 420:IneseƱo 406:CruzeƱo 377:Wailaki 363:Mattole 299:Italics 252:at the 228:Sources 86:Shastan 1415:Paipai 1394:Mojave 1342:Kiliwa 1277:Pomoan 1239:Shasta 1107:Korean 959:Yukian 934:Patwin 896:Tongva 841:CupeƱo 816:Shasta 765:Konkow 644:Yokuts 598:Mojave 505:Chalon 498:Rumsen 491:Mutsun 477:Tamyen 456:Karkin 446:Ohlone 352:Tolowa 211:(2011) 160:  37:Region 1639:is a 1589:Washo 1572:Karuk 1532:Other 1485:Garza 1382:River 1373:Tipai 1327:Yuman 1095:Asian 1006:Karuk 975:Wappo 947:Wintu 760:Maidu 754:Chico 696:Miwok 691:Wintu 593:Washo 531:Karuk 516:Hokan 370:Cahto 333:Yurok 326:Wiyot 317:Algic 77:Hokan 1641:stub 1584:Seri 1363:Ipai 969:Yuki 866:Mono 616:Yahi 609:Yana 357:Hupa 184:atsa 180:atsa 125:None 1558:Tol 1408:Pai 907:Ute 129:mis 58:Era 1686:: 1014:, 1008:, 1004:, 998:, 972:, 198:^ 1672:e 1665:t 1658:v 1647:. 1193:e 1186:t 1179:v 282:e 275:t 268:v 131:) 127:( 93:?

Index

United States
California
Okwanuchu
Language family
Hokan
Shastan
Shasta proper
ISO 639-3
Glottolog
okwa1235

Shastan language



Overview
Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
v
t
e
Languages of California
Indigenous
Algic
Wiyot
Yurok
Athabaskan
Tolowa
Hupa
Mattole
Cahto

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