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350:. The role of Joe in the musical was originally written with Robeson in mind, but Robeson declined the role in the 1927 production due to scheduling conflict. Robeson, however, accepted the role for its 1928 London production and 1932 Broadway revival. He also performed the song three times in the show instead of the one originally written. In New York,
435:
revival of the show, William
Warfield sang only the introductory verse and the lyrics to the main section of the song, and omitted what could be considered a controversial section, in contrast to both Jules Bledsoe (who sang it in the prologue to the 1929 film version) and Robeson (who sang the whole
506:
In recitals and in several of his many recordings of the song, Robeson also omitted the controversial section "Niggers all work on de
Mississippi...", etc., with its middle portion "Don't look up/ An' don't look down/ You don't dast make / De white boss frown", etc., as well as its concluding "Lemme
408:
stage revival in 1940.) Except for the change of the word "niggers" to "darkies", the lyrics of the song as
Robeson performed it in the 1936 film version of the show remain exactly as Oscar Hammerstein II originally wrote them in 1927. However, after 1938, Robeson would record the song only with the
497:
Instead of "Ah gits weary / An' sick of tryin'; / Ah'm tired of livin' / An skeered of dyin', / But Ol' Man River, / He jes' keeps rolling along!", Robeson sang "But I keeps laffin'/ Instead of cryin' / I must keep fightin'; / Until I'm dyin', / And Ol' Man River, / He'll just keep rollin' along!"
383:
From the show's opening number "Cotton
Blossom", the notes in the phrase "Cotton Blossom, Cotton Blossom" are the same notes as those in the phrase "Ol' Man River, dat Ol' Man River," but inverted. However, "Cotton Blossom" was written first, and "Ol' Man River" was written only after Kern and
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255:, and is the most famous song from the show. The song is meant to be performed in a slow tempo; it is sung complete once in the musical's lengthy first scene by the stevedore "Joe" who travels with the boat, and, in the stage version, is heard four more times in brief
498:
In Scene 7 of Act II of the show, Joe does sing this verse, but rather than singing "I must keep fightin' until I'm dyin", sings "I must keep livin' until I'm dyin,/ But Ol' Man River,/ He jes' keeps rollin' along!" According to the 1988 EMI album of
335:, who also sang it in the part-talkie 1929 film, although that film version had little to do with the stage musical. Bledsoe also recorded the song years later. However, the most famous rendition of it, one that is still noted today, was sung by
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befriended him, who influenced him. He used music as the “instrument of social change” following the path of Paul
Robeson who once told him about his guitar - “Guitar is not a musical instrument, it is a social instrument.” His song
384:
Hammerstein realized they needed a song to end the first scene in the show. Hammerstein decided to use the idea of the
Mississippi River as a basis for the song and told Kern to use the melody that the
491:
Instead of "Dere's an ol' man called de
Mississippi, / Dat's de ol' man that I'd like to be...", Robeson sang "There's an ol' man called the Mississippi, / That's the ol' man I don't like to be"..."
456:
In the 1936 film, the word "niggers" was changed to "darkies". Ever since the 1946 revival, the term has been changed to "colored folks", although there have been revivals that change the lines to
494:
Instead of "Tote that barge! / Lift that bale! / Git a little drunk, / An' you land in jail...", Robeson sang "Tote that barge and lift dat bale!/ You show a little grit / And you lands in jail.."
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sang a version starting with "lots of folks work on the
Mississippi." Also, the phrase "feared of dyin' " (rather than "skeered of dyin' ") has been sung in some recordings, notably
539:(1967), changed any references to the "white man boss" to "rich man boss", as well as "Here we all work while the white boys play" to "Here we all work while the rich boys play".
2454:
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go ' way from de
Mississippi/ Lemme go ' way from de white man boss, etc." . However, Robeson did include a portion of these lyrics in the 1932 4-record 78
2485:
3393:
1839:
923:
616:– also known as Negro spirituals - is a genre of songs originating in the US and created by African-Americans describing the hardships of slavery
121:
710:"Victor matrix CVE-43122. Ol' Man River / Paul Whiteman Concert Orchestra ; Paul Robeson - Discography of American Historical Recordings"
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and not in the 1936 film version. (In addition to the 1928 and 1932 stage productions as well as the 1936 film version, he appeared in a
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sang in "Cotton
Blossom" but invert some of it, and slow down the tempo. This inversion gave "Ol' Man River" a tragic quality.
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Beginning about 1938 to the end of his career, Paul Robeson changed a few of the lyrics of "Ol' Man River" when singing it at
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on vocals. Robeson recorded the song with Paul Whiteman and his Concert Orchestra in 1928, and multiple times in the 1930s.
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Sarah Lennox (2011). "Reading Transnationally: the GDR and American Black Writers" in Elaine Kelly, Amy Wlodarski (eds.),
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42:
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420:, there is a (perhaps fictitious) reference to the change in the lyrics - an unseen interviewer asks Robeson (played by
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781:"Lesson: Ol' Man River" (school lesson for Mississippi River), Michael E. Marrapodi, New Covenant Christian School,
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had a hit recording of the song in early 1928, in a much faster tempo than Kern and Hammerstein intended, featuring
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2004 survey of top tunes in American cinema. Its musical composition entered the public domain on January 1, 2023.
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The first known recording of the song was by "Kenn" Sisson and His Orchestra, recorded on December 27, 1927, with
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686:"Victor 35912 (Black label (popular) 12-in. double-faced) - Discography of American Historical Recordings"
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on cornet. A second version was recorded on March 1, with Paul Whiteman and his Concert Orchestra and
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Broadway: The American Musical: Michael Kantor and Laurence Maslon: 9780821229057: Amazon.com: Books
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796:: shows phrase "feared of dyin' " (rather than "skeered" of dying) as sung in earlier recordings.
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radio program (late 1940s or 1950s), changed the phrase "white man boss" to "big man boss".
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Paul Robeson.: Phillip Hayes Dean, Phillip Hayes Dean: 9780822215158: Amazon.com: Books
620:
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879:"Cover versions of Ol' Man River by "Kenn" Sisson and His Orchestra - SecondHandSongs"
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Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1927 Music For the Year 1927 New Series Vol 22 Part 3
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Here we all work on de Mississippi,/ Here we all work while de white folks play
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Anthem: Social Movements and the Sound of Solidarity in the African Diaspora
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Stardust Melodies: The Biography of Twelve of America's Most Popular Songs
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2015:
2010:
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singing the song with the changes that Robeson incorporated into it.
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Robeson's own 1938 changes in the lyrics of the song are as follows:
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While Robeson's changes to the lyrics were mostly sung by himself,
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on vocals, sung in a dance tempo. The latter was inducted into the
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899:
The Complete Entertainment Discography, from the Mid-1890s to 1942
436:
song in the 1936 film). The section that Warfield omitted begins:
397:
365:. This song is translated in various Indian languages, including
327:
The song was first performed in the original stage production of
315:
in 2006, and a 1936 rendition by Robeson also finished No. 24 in
256:
735:"Show Boat - IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information"
468:'s 1930s version, Gordon MacRae's 1950s version (first heard on
1324:
1123:
Who Should Sing Ol' Man River?: The Lives of an American Song
833:"Public Domain Day 2023 | Duke University School of Law"
370:
287:
596:
together sang a changed version in their 2006 tribute album
502:, these are Hammerstein's authentic lyrics for this reprise.
1170:
1090:
William Warfield performs "Old Man River" (Robeson version)
924:"Show Boat: Down the Mississippi Aboard the Cotton Blossom"
409:
lyrics that he had used in his post-1936 concert recitals.
359:
which is based on the tune, imagery and theme of Robeson's
1051:
Art Outside the Lines: New Perspectives on GDR Art Culture
543:
895:
674:. United States Copyright Office. U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
16:
1925 composition by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II
2455:
Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day)
1071:
391:
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and sung by the artist himself, and is still popular.
266:
The song is notable for several aspects: the lyrical
431:, as well as the 1962 studio recording and the 1966
1918:Ho Chi Minh Is Toussaint L'Ouverture of Indo-China
1893:Time to Bring Negro Players Into the Major Leagues
1072:"OTR.Network Library (The Old Time Radio Network)"
3345:
2813:Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral (That's an Irish Lullaby)
732:
668:Library of Congress. Copyright Office. (1927).
247:. It is sung from the point of view of a black
1923:We Can Learn from the Struggle in South Africa
2272:
1340:
1156:
574:. On this album, the original 1927 lyrics of
478:'s 1946 performance, first heard in the film
1811:Paul Robeson and the International Brigades
550:issued a 3-CD set of the complete score of
2479:I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You
2279:
2265:
1908:Thoughts on Winning the Stalin Peace Prize
1898:Never Again Can Colonialism Be What It Was
1347:
1333:
1163:
1149:
1125:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).
973:"'Ol' Man River': An American Masterpiece"
448:Niggers all work while de white folks play
400:but never in actual stage performances of
259:. Joe serves as a sort of musical one-man
81:
3394:Songs with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II
998:"Subtle Racism in Edna Ferber's Showboat"
777:
775:
598:Praising Peace: A Tribute to Paul Robeson
2870:On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe
1108:The chapter "Ol' Man River" in the book
521:'s version of the song, as performed on
3057:Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?
2286:
1312:André Previn and Friends Play Show Boat
876:
849:
746:
744:
243:with the endless, uncaring flow of the
98:Paul Whiteman and His Concert Orchestra
3346:
3164:In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening
2188:School of Oriental and African Studies
772:
750:
3230:Count Your Blessings Instead of Sheep
2260:
1328:
1144:
995:
902:. Arlington House. pp. 551–556.
1690:Paul Robeson: Favorite Songs, Vol. 2
1024:
741:
392:Robeson's alterations to song lyrics
25:
2591:You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby
1903:Paul Robeson Congressional hearings
896:Brian Rust; Allen G. Debus (1973).
856:. 9780814770412. pp. 101–108.
649:National Museum of American History
578:were heard for the first time on a
443:Niggers all work on de Mississippi,
13:
1517:Paul Robeson: Tribute to an Artist
1102:
282:solo (rare in musicals, solos for
14:
3410:
3379:Songs about the Mississippi River
3325:Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy
2793:Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby
2493:Did You Ever See a Dream Walking?
2203:Paul Robeson House (Philadelphia)
1830:American Crusade Against Lynching
1525:Paul Robeson: Speak of Me as I Am
1129:
1118:(New York: Pantheon Books, 2002).
322:
270:melody, the subjects of toil and
2605:Ciribiribin (They're So in Love)
2241:
2240:
1716:Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho
1354:
536:The Temptations in a Mellow Mood
30:
3399:Songs with music by Jerome Kern
1815:Political views of Paul Robeson
1082:
1064:
1043:
1018:
989:
965:
941:
916:
889:
870:
843:
294:Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra
3126:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2803:Hot Time in the Town of Berlin
2507:Love Is Just Around the Corner
2472:Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?
1540:Paul Robeson: Songs of Freedom
1509:The Tallest Tree in Our Forest
1315:(1995 instrumental jazz album)
825:
799:
726:
702:
678:
661:
637:
1:
3307:That's What Life Is All About
3022:Dear Hearts and Gentle People
2957:Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town
2844:Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive
2714:People Will Say We're in Love
1679:Paul Robeson at Carnegie Hall
631:
2940:(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66
2728:Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'
1883:Negroes—Don't Ape the Whites
1744:That's Why Darkies Were Born
1672:Paul Robeson: Favorite Songs
1136:1927 lyrics to Ol' Man River
1025:Dean, Phillip Hayes (1997).
427:In the 1951 film version of
7:
3067:Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy
2933:South America, Take It Away
2884:It's Been a Long, Long Time
2221:South Shore Cultural Center
2208:Paul Robeson House (London)
1888:Negroes Should Join the CIO
1579:All God's Chillun Got Wings
1029:. Dramatists Play Service.
813:. International Club Crosby
807:"A Bing Crosby Discography"
607:
317:AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs
10:
3415:
2748:I'll Be Home for Christmas
2672:Deep in the Heart of Texas
1820:Council on African Affairs
1533:Paul Robeson: Here I Stand
850:Redmond, Shana L. (2014).
18:
3316:
3298:
3038:
2898:I Can't Begin to Tell You
2707:Sunday, Monday, or Always
2621:
2390:
2304:
2295:
2238:
2183:Royal Shakespeare Company
2165:
2024:
1943:
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1802:
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1287:
1264:Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man
1241:
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912:– via Google Books.
866:– via Google Books.
511:album of selections from
412:In the 1978 one-man play
331:on December 27, 1927, by
198:
184:
171:
159:
143:
135:
127:
116:
108:
92:
80:
75:
3244:In a Little Spanish Town
2577:Sail Along, Silv'ry Moon
2570:Never in a Million Years
2347:Silent Night, Holy Night
1723:Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
1665:Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
928:www.johnstoncountync.org
533:, in their rendition on
87:Sheet music for the song
2912:The Bells of St. Mary's
2827:Long Ago (and Far Away)
2528:I Can't Escape from You
2521:It Ain't Necessarily So
1971:Lawrence Benjamin Brown
600:, and a clip exists of
481:Till the Clouds Roll By
3276:(with Louis Armstrong)
3144:(with Andrews Sisters)
3140:Sparrow in the Treetop
3061:(with Andrews Sisters)
3051:(with Andrews Sisters)
3015:Some Enchanted Evening
2961:(with Andrews Sisters)
2944:(with Andrews Sisters)
2864:(with Andrews Sisters)
2861:Along the Navajo Trail
2854:You Belong to My Heart
2848:(with Andrews Sisters)
2838:(with Andrews Sisters)
2807:(with Andrews Sisters)
2797:(with Andrews Sisters)
2759:(with Andrews Sisters)
2742:(with Andrews Sisters)
1996:Shirley Graham Du Bois
1965:William Drew Robeson I
1913:To You Beloved Comrade
1758:Just Awearyin' for You
1501:The Song of the Rivers
783:Ashland, Massachusetts
274:, the metaphor to the
3213:Down by the Riverside
3178:The Isle of Innisfree
2700:Moonlight Becomes You
2448:Goodnight, Sweetheart
2217:Paul Robeson Theatre
2097:Esther Cooper Jackson
1976:Benjamin J. Davis Jr.
1953:Eslanda Goode Robeson
1825:Civil Rights Congress
733:The Broadway League.
3389:Songs from Show Boat
3237:Stranger in Paradise
3074:Play a Simple Melody
2651:New San Antonio Rose
2630:Tumbling Tumbleweeds
2514:I Wished on the Moon
2361:(with Paul Whiteman)
2351:(with Paul Whiteman)
2341:(with Paul Whiteman)
2331:(with Paul Whiteman)
1878:I Want to Be African
1772:Ballad for Americans
1644:Ballad for Americans
1461:King Solomon's Mines
1421:Sanders of the River
714:adp.library.ucsb.edu
690:adp.library.ucsb.edu
290:being more common).
237:Oscar Hammerstein II
207:Oscar Hammerstein II
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
3384:Songs from musicals
3282:Well, Did You Evah!
3133:A Marshmallow World
2738:Pistol Packin' Mama
2535:Pennies from Heaven
2465:Waltzing in a Dream
2459:(Bing's Theme Song)
2198:Moscow Conservatory
2193:Columbia Law School
1935:Paul Robeson Speaks
1627:Peace Arch Concerts
1053:. Editions Rodopi.
754:(13 October 2004).
556:Frederica Von Stade
313:Grammy Hall of Fame
52:by rewriting it in
3374:Songs about rivers
3364:Paul Robeson songs
3217:(with Gary Crosby)
3185:Zing a Little Zong
3092:(with Gary Crosby)
2786:Swinging on a Star
2779:I'll Be Seeing You
2732:(with Trudy Erwin)
2399:Three Little Words
2227:Store Front Museum
2173:Rutgers University
1835:We Charge Genocide
1779:Land of My Fathers
1737:Mighty Lak' a Rose
1686:"Encore, Robeson!"
1610:1958 Carnegie Hall
1493:Tales of Manhattan
1453:My Song Goes Forth
792:2007-12-31 at the
621:That Lucky Old Sun
418:Phillip Hayes Dean
54:encyclopedic style
41:is written like a
3369:Songs about labor
3359:Bing Crosby songs
3341:
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3008:Riders in the Sky
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2834:Don't Fence Me In
2808:
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2598:God Bless America
2460:
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2254:
2253:
2213:Paul Robeson Home
2122:Nikita Khrushchev
1840:Progressive Party
1793:On My Journey Now
1651:Songs of Free Men
1413:The Emperor Jones
1322:
1321:
1307:(1959 cast album)
1059:978-90-420-3341-2
909:978-0-87000-150-5
863:978-0-7864-5747-2
785:, 2006, webpage:
645:""Ol' Man River""
524:The Railroad Hour
471:The Railroad Hour
245:Mississippi River
241:African Americans
212:
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71:
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3272:Now You Has Jazz
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2413:I Surrender Dear
2402:
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2316:
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2257:
2244:
2243:
2112:Margaret Webster
2077:Louis E. Burnham
2057:Jawaharlal Nehru
2042:Elisabeth Welch
2032:Carl Van Vechten
1991:W. E. B. Du Bois
1959:Paul Robeson Jr.
1615:Plant in The Sun
1477:The Proud Valley
1349:
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1142:
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840:
837:web.law.duke.edu
829:
823:
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820:
818:
803:
797:
779:
770:
769:
752:Maslon, Laurence
748:
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682:
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641:
602:William Warfield
466:Lawrence Tibbett
422:James Earl Jones
345:film version of
343:'s classic 1936
268:pentatonic-scale
203:
189:
150:Liederkranz Hall
104:and Mixed Chorus
85:
73:
72:
66:
63:
57:
34:
33:
26:
3414:
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3409:
3408:
3407:
3405:
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3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3312:
3294:
3156:Louis Armstrong
3112:Beyond the Reef
3034:
2994:Far Away Places
2980:Now Is the Hour
2919:McNamara's Band
2693:White Christmas
2644:It's Always You
2617:
2611:Andrews Sisters
2500:June in January
2434:At Your Command
2386:
2373:Dorsey Brothers
2337:Mississippi Mud
2300:
2291:
2285:
2255:
2250:
2234:
2161:
2152:Martin Duberman
2092:Harry Belafonte
2020:
1945:
1939:
1862:
1856:
1852:Peekskill riots
1804:
1798:
1696:
1631:
1604:1959, Stratford
1545:
1437:Song of Freedom
1376:
1358:
1353:
1323:
1318:
1299:(1927, musical)
1283:
1237:
1202:
1198:Gaylord Ravenal
1181:
1169:
1132:
1105:
1103:Further reading
1100:
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922:
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910:
894:
890:
883:SecondHandSongs
875:
871:
864:
848:
844:
831:
830:
826:
816:
814:
805:
804:
800:
794:Wayback Machine
780:
773:
766:
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731:
727:
718:
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708:
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703:
694:
692:
684:
683:
679:
666:
662:
653:
651:
643:
642:
638:
634:
610:
570:, conducted by
531:The Temptations
394:
357:Bistirno Parore
352:Bhupen Hazarika
325:
302:Bix Beiderbecke
199:
185:
122:T. B. Harms Co.
88:
76:"Ol' Man River"
67:
61:
58:
47:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3412:
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3296:
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3292:
3278:
3268:
3254:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3223:Young at Heart
3219:
3209:
3205:Carol Richards
3195:
3181:
3174:
3160:
3146:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3098:La Vie en rose
3094:
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3070:
3063:
3053:
3042:
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3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
3001:Careless Hands
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2953:
2946:
2936:
2929:
2926:Sioux City Sue
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2880:
2877:If I Loved You
2873:
2866:
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2559:
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2549:Adeste Fideles
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2409:
2405:Duke Ellington
2394:
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2377:
2363:
2357:Makin' Whoopee
2353:
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2313:My Blue Heaven
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2162:
2160:
2159:
2157:Fania Marinoff
2154:
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2147:Peggy Ashcroft
2144:
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2037:Eugene O'Neill
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:Clara Rockmore
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:Lloyd L. Brown
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1949:
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1601:1943, Broadway
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1278:After the Ball
1274:
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1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1168:
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1160:
1153:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1130:External links
1128:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1116:Will Friedwald
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1081:
1063:
1042:
1035:
1017:
996:Agathiyan, B.
988:
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617:
609:
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564:Teresa Stratas
504:
503:
495:
492:
454:
453:
452:
451:
445:
433:Lincoln Center
393:
390:
378:Irving Kaufman
324:
323:Early versions
321:
300:on vocals and
235:and lyrics by
231:with music by
222:from the 1927
210:
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3315:
3308:
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3297:
3289:
3288:Frank Sinatra
3283:
3279:
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3259:
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3119:Harbor Lights
3116:
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3019:
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3005:
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2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:But Beautiful
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:Night and Day
2947:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
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2890:Les Paul Trio
2885:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2862:
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2686:Easter Parade
2683:
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2560:
2557:
2556:Sweet Leilani
2553:
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2428:
2427:Just a Gigolo
2424:
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2328:
2327:Ol' Man River
2324:
2320:
2319:Paul Whiteman
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2137:Earl Robinson
2135:
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2132:Bumpy Johnson
2130:
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2110:
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2100:
2098:
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2072:Henry Wallace
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2052:Kwame Nkrumah
2050:
2048:
2047:Jomo Kenyatta
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2033:
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2027:
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2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Revels Cayton
2004:
2002:
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1994:
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1986:Andrew Faulds
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1765:A Perfect Day
1762:
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1751:Gloomy Sunday
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1730:Ol' Man River
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1709:Go Down Moses
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1586:The Hairy Ape
1583:
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1572:Emperor Jones
1569:
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1558:Shuffle Along
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1389:Body and Soul
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811:BING magazine
808:
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787:MassGeo-River
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765:0-8212-2905-2
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623:
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580:high fidelity
577:
576:Ol' Man River
573:
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568:Bruce Hubbard
565:
561:
557:
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549:
548:Angel Records
545:
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519:Gordon MacRae
516:
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3199:Silver Bells
3150:Gone Fishin'
2755:Jingle Bells
2678:Woody Herman
2637:Only Forever
2542:Silent Night
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2127:Will Paynter
2062:Itzik Feffer
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48:Please help
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3331:David Bowie
3264:Grace Kelly
3105:All My Love
3080:Gary Crosby
3047:Quicksilver
2720:Trudy Erwin
2563:Blue Hawaii
2419:Gus Arnheim
2367:Let's Do It
2298:Discography
2288:Bing Crosby
2142:Walter Camp
2067:Howard Fast
2016:Ossie Davis
2011:Pete Seeger
1946:and friends
1846:Freedomways
1805:and history
1550:Stage shows
1485:Native Land
1372:Filmography
1367:Discography
1172:Edna Ferber
1076:www.otr.net
585:recording.
554:, starring
406:Los Angeles
341:James Whale
306:bass singer
298:Bing Crosby
278:, and as a
276:Mississippi
233:Jerome Kern
201:Lyricist(s)
193:Jerome Kern
187:Composer(s)
3354:1927 songs
3348:Categories
3250:Buddy Cole
3191:Jane Wyman
3170:Jane Wyman
3088:Sam's Song
3029:Mule Train
2967:Galway Bay
2772:I Love You
2657:Bob Crosby
2584:My Reverie
2486:Temptation
2229:, New York
2107:Pool Group
2102:Max Yergan
2025:Associates
1658:Spirituals
1621:John Henry
1405:Borderline
1186:Characters
982:2021-08-15
958:2021-08-15
934:2021-08-15
719:2021-08-15
695:2021-08-15
654:2021-08-15
632:References
614:Spirituals
386:stevedores
3258:True Love
2973:Ballerina
2765:Poinciana
2223:, Chicago
2166:Locations
2117:Tony Benn
2087:Joe Louis
2082:Uta Hagen
1873:newspaper
1565:Show Boat
1445:Big Fella
1429:Show Boat
1304:Show Boat
1296:Show Boat
1231:Show Boat
1223:Show Boat
1215:Show Boat
1177:Show Boat
1010:14 August
817:April 30,
594:Eric Bibb
552:Show Boat
542:In 1988,
513:Show Boat
500:Show Boat
462:Al Jolson
429:Show Boat
402:Show Boat
347:Show Boat
329:Show Boat
284:baritones
249:stevedore
228:Show Boat
220:show tune
166:Show tune
117:Published
2905:Symphony
2441:Stardust
2247:Category
1967:(father)
1861:Writings
1803:Activism
1786:Joe Hill
1781:" (1940)
1774:" (1939)
1767:" (1939)
1760:" (1938)
1753:" (1936)
1746:" (1931)
1739:" (1930)
1732:" (1928)
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790:Archived
608:See also
398:recitals
257:reprises
253:showboat
136:Recorded
131:May 1927
128:Released
2665:Dolores
2290:singles
1871:Freedom
1593:Othello
1469:Jericho
1397:Camille
1095:YouTube
1061:. p.124
977:NPR.org
953:NPR.org
474:), and
367:Bengali
224:musical
218:" is a
109:Written
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2371:(with
2317:(with
1955:(wife)
1944:Family
1636:Albums
1542:(2008)
1536:(1999)
1528:(1988)
1520:(1979)
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288:tenors
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3299:1970s
3252:Trio)
3039:1950s
2622:1940s
2391:1930s
2305:1920s
1961:(son)
1701:Songs
1381:Films
1288:Other
1242:Music
1001:(PDF)
416:, by
371:Hindi
251:on a
180:35912
173:Label
161:Genre
120:1927
100:with
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1271:Bill
1207:Film
1055:ISBN
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592:and
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369:and
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