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Still, in the following decades, the
Brazilian people, and the population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, remained predominantly Catholic, and so the Cathedral retained its prestige and cultural significance. Furthermore, until the transfer of the Federal Capital to the newly built city of Brasília in
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that proclaimed Brazil a
Republic (15 November 1889), the church lost its title of Imperial Chapel but remained the Cathedral of the Rio de Janeiro. Shortly thereafter, the Provisional Government of the Republic issued the decree on the Separation of Church and State (7 January 1890). Accordingly, in
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was celebrated there in the presence of members of the Senate and of the
Chamber of Deputies, before the ceremony of the opening of Parliament, when the Emperor appeared in full regalia in the Senate Chamber to deliver his Speech from the Throne. In the first year of a new Legislature, the Mass of
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of the
Carmelites was built immediately next to the already existing Carmelite church. The three buildings thus formed a Carmelite complex, integrated by the Carmelite Convent, the Carmelite Church (occupying the central position among the three buildings), and the Church of the Carmelite Third
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the Holy Spirit was celebrated on the first day of the preparatory meetings of the
General Assembly, before both Houses elected its presiding officers and before the date of the Speech from the Throne: in that case the members of both Houses took their oaths of office during the Solemn Mass.
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Due to the double role of the church as the city's cathedral and as the
Imperial Chapel where the emperors of Brazil and the imperial court worshipped and where religious ceremonies of State were held, the bishops of Rio de Janeiro were also appointed during that period to the office of
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The Old
Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro, apart from being of exceptional historical value for the city and the country, has one of the most harmonious interior decorations among the churches in Rio. The walls, chapels and ceiling are covered with ornate
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Order. The Vice-Regal Palace, the seat of the
Portuguese colonial administration of Brazil (subsequently renamed as Royal Palace and Imperial Palace), stood in the square facing the Church and the complex of Carmelite religious buildings.
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Later reforms did not substantially alter the inner decoration, but the façades were almost completely remodelled in the early 20th century. Only the lower part of the main façade, with its three portals, is still original.
685:(1767–1830) was appointed Master of the Royal Chapel by Prince Regent John. Father José Maurício is considered the best composer of the period. He was later replaced by another important musical figure, the Portuguese
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With the elevation of the
Diocese of St. Sebastian of Rio de Janeiro to the rank of a Metropolitan Archdiocese in 1892, the Cathedral gained the status of Metropolitan Cathedral of the new ecclesiastical province.
646:) woodwork showing lightness and unity in style. The decoration was executed after 1785, mainly by one of Rio's best Rococo wood carvers of the period, Inácio Ferreira Pinto. He was also responsible for the main
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The Church is adjacent to the
Carmelite Convent; the religious services of the Carmelites housed in the convent took place in the neighboring Church. In the 18th century, another church, the Church of the
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604:, literally "Old See"). However, it has remained one of the most important historical churches in Rio and in all of Brazil. The Old Cathedral is now a parish church, and ranks as a
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479:(on 16 October 1829; the couple having previously entered into marriage by proxy); the bestowal of the Nuptial Blessing upon Emperor Pedro II and his wife
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444:, the Cathedral church became the Imperial Chapel. The façade was completed around this time by Portuguese architect Pedro Alexandre Cavroé, who added a
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1960, Rio de Janeiro remained the Capital of Brazil, and so the church retained, until 1960, the status as the Cathedral of the Nation's capital city.
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As Royal Chapel, the then Cathedral was a witness to several important events in this period. The Funeral Rites after the death of
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style, was carved after 1785 by master Inácio Ferreira Pinto, one of the main sculptors of 18th-century Rio de Janeiro.
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from around 1808 until 1976. During the 19th century, it was also used successively as Royal and Imperial Chapel by the
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of Emperors Pedro I and Pedro II, in 1822 and 1841, respectively, remain, to this day, the only two Christian rites of
337:(Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel). Building of the present church started around 1761, and was probably directed by
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Brazil's Imperial Parliament (the General Assembly) also worshipped at the Imperial Chapel. In particular, an annual
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received the nuptial blessing in the chapel on 6 November 1817, having previously entered into marriage by proxy.
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to the imperial court, and a bishop of Rio de Janeiro, during that period, was accordingly known by the title of
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The façades of the church were remodelled in the early decades of the 20th century. A large statue of the
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483:(on 4 September 1843; the couple having previously entered into marriage by proxy); and the wedding of
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475:(on 25 March 1824); the bestowal of the Nuptial Blessing upon Emperor Pedro I and his second wife,
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to have taken place in the South American continent, and both were held in the Imperial Chapel.
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square, in downtown Rio. It is one of the most important historical buildings in the city.
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following the solemnity of the Acclamation of her son and heir, John VI, as King of the
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in 1770, still with the façade unfinished. The inner decoration, in gilded woodwork in
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With the declaration of the Independence of Brazil in 1822 and the foundation of the
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the new republican era, the Cathedral was no longer the site of State ceremonies.
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regents of the Empire of Brazil in the chapel in 1831, at the beginning of the
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sits atop the present tower, which was rebuilt between 1905 and 1913 by the
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278:'Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of the Ancient See') is an old
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Guia da arquitetura colonial, neoclássica e romântica no Rio de Janeiro
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773:. Another version of the same event in the image above in the article.
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Wedding of Princess Isabel and Prince Gaston in 1864, painted by
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Centro de Arquitetura e Urbanismo do Rio de Janeiro (2000).
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Acclamation of Princess Isabel as regent of the Empire, 1887
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arrived in Rio in 1590, they settled in a small chapel near
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Arte Colonial of Rio de Janeiro by Milton Teixeira Mendonça
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In 1905, with the elevation of the then Archbishop of Rio,
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of Emperor Pedro I (on 1 December 1822) and his successor,
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Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Monte do Carmo (Rio de Janeiro)
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was completed, the church lost its status as seat of the
404:(6 February 1818) are among them. Prince Pedro, future
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18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Brazil
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The Old Cathedral of Rio was an important setting for
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Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Monte do Carmo da antiga Sé
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Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of the Ancient See
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Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of the Ancient See
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Important events in the Imperial Chapel include the
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Roman Catholic cathedrals in Rio de Janeiro (state)
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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
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Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Monte Carmo da Antiga Sé
905:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Casa da Palavra.
1015:National heritage sites of Rio de Janeiro (state)
681:in Brazil. In 1808 the Brazilian composer Father
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46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
341:architect Manuel Alves Setúbal. The church was
16:Roman Catholic church in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
594:Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro
138:Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro
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333:and renovated the chapel, referred to as the
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568:Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti
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335:Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Monte do Carmo
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980:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1770
371:John, the future King John VI of Portugal
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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809:Rear view of the former Imperial Chapel
612:in the church's present official name:
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463:(on 18 July 1841); the signing of the
373:and his court arrived in Rio, fleeing
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485:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
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737:The oath of the provisional
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661:and oval paintings of the
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282:church which served as
61:more precise citations.
723:Amélie of Leuchtenberg
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491:(on 15 October 1864).
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179:Geographic coordinates
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532:bishop major chaplain
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452:style to the church.
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201:22.90333°S 43.17556°W
943:at Wikimedia Commons
517:in 1864, painted by
434:Jean Baptiste Debret
227:Manuel Alves Setúbal
206:-22.90333; -43.17556
387:Maria I of Portugal
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489:Gaston, comte d'Eu
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34:list of references
939:Media related to
872:The tribune organ
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602:"Antiga Sé"
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552:coup d'état
509:Wedding of
457:coronations
355:Third Order
343:consecrated
204: /
121:Affiliation
59:introducing
959:Categories
890:References
848:Bell tower
821:Statue of
739:triumviral
648:altarpiece
581:architect
500:Coronation
375:Napoleonic
339:Portuguese
263:Portuguese
192:43°10′32″W
189:22°54′12″S
659:balconies
366:In 1808,
321:When the
284:cathedral
280:Carmelite
244:Completed
67:July 2022
921:47727038
663:Apostles
633:Interior
546:Republic
461:Pedro II
446:pediment
305:Praça XV
298:and the
173:, Brazil
167:Location
162:Location
133:Province
115:Religion
725:in 1829
693:Gallery
644:Baroque
579:Italian
473:Te Deum
467:of the
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398:Te Deum
331:convent
312:History
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238:Baroque
55:improve
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