4405:
893:
2319:
2003:
4181:
156:
173:
4635:
1937:
4391:
41:
4572:
4176:
4647:
4171:
881:, he narrates, Kubrat died and Batbayan, the eldest of his five sons, was left in charge of the state. Under strong Khazar pressure, Kubrat's other sons disregarded their father's advice to stay together in order to resist the enemies and soon departed, taking their own tribes.
827:. Ultimately, although there is no evidence that the Utigurs were independent of the Onogurs until after Kubrat's empire disintegrated, it is believed he seceded from the Onogurs when they became entangled in dynastic wars. After Kubrat's burial in
1664:
4004:
1500:
Mingazov S. Kubrat - the Ruler of Great
Bulgaria and Ketrades - character of John of Nikiu work - Kazan: Institute of History of Academy of Science of Republic of Tatarstan, 2012
1116:
writing after the year 787 says that in his time
Bulgars still inhabited the area, and that even though they speak "Latin", "they have not forsaken the use of their own tongue".
4162:
1668:
3325:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
1617:
804:
from Old
Ethiopian, intentionally replaced the name Qetrades to Kubrat. Since then, the historiography holds a misconception that Kubrat was raised and baptized by the
4814:
450:
436:
422:
397:
383:
369:
4809:
3594:
602:
is not completely understood; it is difficult to trace the name back earlier than the 4th century AD. It is generally believed to derive from the
1964:
1123:
near Boiano, which dates from the 7th century, found among 130 burials that there were 13 human burials alongside horses along with artefacts of
1805:
An introduction to the
History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East
1512:
1468:
1461:
2909:
1618:"Anthropological and cultural features of a skeletal sample of horsemen from the medieval necropolis of Vicenne-Campochiaro (Molise, Italy)"
1581:
4684:
3294:
4505:
4404:
3898:
3889:
2276:
1164:, Asparukh founded the First Bulgarian Empire, which was officially recognized as an independent state by the Byzantine Empire in 681.
4844:
4839:
4540:
3359:
3823:
3642:
1446:
155:
4510:
3327:
1991:
105:
689:, "z" sounds in the easternmost languages tend to have become "r" in the westernmost Turkic languages; therefore, the ethnonym
77:
1157:
parted ways with his brothers and led some of the
Bulgars to seek a secure home. He was followed by 30,000 to 50,000 Bulgars.
4255:
4231:
3601:
1640:
1553:
4834:
4270:
3675:
3462:
84:
4829:
4819:
58:
1528:
962:
in the 9th century. They managed to preserve their national identity well into the 13th century, by repelling the first
4381:
3670:
3017:
1762:
1969:
4448:
1897:
1866:
1842:
1821:
1789:
1741:
1510:
Mingazov S. The Heirs of Great
Bulgaria in Western Europe// Philology and Culture. - 2012. - No. 1 (27).- S. 201-207.
1398:
124:
91:
4677:
3867:
3420:
776:
1774:"Bulgars in the Lower Danube region: A survey of the archaeological evidence and of the state of current research"
3582:
3467:
2618:
4180:
3882:
3425:
3070:
1536:
1201:
1063:
871:
634:
73:
62:
808:
court, while John's character
Qetrades has no real-life connection to the ruler of the Great Bulgaria Kubrat.
4662:
4413:
4285:
3543:
3352:
3289:
2904:
2318:
4590:
4295:
4216:
4206:
4140:
3699:
3589:
3507:
2952:
1390:
Siege
Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam
690:
4849:
4670:
4314:
4211:
3813:
3570:
3472:
1984:
4718:
4371:
4226:
4157:
4145:
3611:
3492:
2838:
1927:
875:
1027:. There he settled in the region of Keremisia and made an unsuccessful attempt to capture the city of
4854:
4600:
4366:
3875:
3457:
520:
1702:Васил Н. Златарски. История на Първото българско Царство. Епоха на хуно-българското надмощие с. 188.
942:, the leader of the Kutrigurs, took control of the western steppe, Batbayan led them into the upper
4859:
4361:
4280:
4221:
4130:
3771:
3736:
3553:
3533:
3410:
3345:
2666:
1883:
1529:
The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans, Florin Curta, BRILL, 2008
1465:
1305:
785:
682:
646:
1196:
Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge
University Press, 2006,
4758:
4595:
4438:
4423:
4194:
4189:
4120:
3967:
3906:
3665:
3637:
3558:
3400:
2694:
2638:
2385:
2381:
2221:
2039:
2034:
1852:
1721:
1592:
1135:
horse-nomads, and therefore these burials are clearly those of the Bulgar settlers of Molise and
892:
51:
4753:
1509:
98:
4605:
4530:
4478:
4275:
3961:
3902:
3761:
3577:
3548:
3395:
2931:
2289:
2266:
2081:
1977:
1173:
1148:
1112:
1071:
1032:
828:
753:
575:
415:
20:
1692:- Prefazione e postfazione di Giuseppe Mario Tufarulo Passaporto Editore, Roma, 1993. - C.N.R.
574:
in the east, defeated the
Bulgars, and Great Bulgaria disintegrated. Successor states are the
4535:
4443:
4319:
3726:
3716:
3685:
3606:
3538:
3477:
3435:
3161:
3115:
2723:
1799:
591:
27:
4778:
4550:
4488:
4334:
4096:
4071:
3986:
3803:
3743:
3652:
3521:
3314:
2377:
2096:
2051:
1031:. After this, he disappeared from history and his people were later consolidated into the
8:
4763:
4743:
4473:
4433:
4349:
4260:
4125:
4101:
4091:
4086:
3842:
3753:
3680:
3625:
3415:
3377:
3055:
2674:
2299:
2121:
1813:
1220:
868:
835:, who had triumphed in the collapse of Onoguria, subjugated Kubrat's eldest son and heir
4788:
4693:
4560:
4376:
4329:
4290:
4175:
4106:
4076:
4009:
3798:
3766:
3721:
3647:
3050:
2899:
2872:
2106:
1999:
1907:
1462:
Zimonyi Istvan: "History of the Turkic speaking peoples in Europe before the Ottomans".
1024:
987:
979:
824:
733:. According to some scholars, it is more correctly called the Onogundur-Bulgar Empire.
4864:
4773:
4418:
4339:
4324:
4309:
4045:
3851:
3818:
3808:
3788:
3776:
3711:
3497:
3191:
3110:
2863:
2610:
2284:
2196:
2171:
2161:
2156:
2126:
2066:
1893:
1862:
1838:
1817:
1785:
1758:
1737:
1730:
1632:
1532:
1394:
1197:
921:
793:
4571:
3897:
721:
under a single rule, creating a powerful confederation which was referred to by the
4824:
4697:
4585:
4493:
4468:
4344:
4265:
3980:
3793:
3447:
3405:
3385:
3156:
3136:
2914:
2690:
2678:
2670:
2658:
2634:
2626:
2614:
2595:
2548:
2450:
2413:
2304:
2241:
2236:
2201:
2151:
2076:
2056:
2016:
1278:
1124:
1066:
in exchange for military service "for an uncertain reason", initially staying near
1010:
917:
900:
Some Bulgars remained in the former Onoguria, under the domination of the Khazars.
805:
686:
622:
603:
443:
4170:
3146:
2046:
1701:
1559:
1216:
4728:
4639:
4610:
4483:
4428:
4250:
3856:
3565:
3310:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
2992:
2969:
2942:
2682:
2654:
2650:
2622:
2591:
2528:
2485:
2468:
2294:
2256:
2191:
2176:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2116:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2071:
2061:
2029:
1941:
1911:
1889:
The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu: Translated from Zotenberg's Ethiopic Text
1887:
1856:
1773:
1752:
1549:
1516:
1472:
1388:
1161:
1128:
1107:
1070:
and later moving further south. Grimoald sent Alcek and his followers to his son
820:
749:
741:
737:
654:
567:
559:
547:
205:
3999:
4783:
4748:
4651:
4135:
4039:
3781:
3304:
3201:
3181:
3075:
3060:
3025:
2926:
2698:
2686:
2662:
2642:
2603:
2552:
2513:
2418:
2408:
2327:
2261:
2246:
2226:
2211:
2206:
2181:
2166:
2086:
2024:
2007:
1949:
1717:
1309:
1055:
1017:
947:
933:
878:
812:
726:
611:
579:
508:
484:
429:
402:
4692:
1322:
4803:
4545:
3657:
3237:
3227:
3030:
2919:
2818:
2773:
2646:
2568:
2564:
2534:
2478:
2463:
2428:
2335:
2251:
2231:
2216:
963:
797:
1464:(Uppsala University: Institute of Linguistics and Philology) (archived from
4525:
3216:
3002:
2630:
2572:
2556:
2518:
2370:
2340:
1777:
1689:
1636:
1293:
Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD
1132:
1036:
1028:
971:
710:
681:"arrow"; and "ten arrows" might imply a federation of ten tribes, i.e. the
246:
219:
3944:
3502:
3206:
2858:
2803:
2508:
2438:
1954:
1725:
1178:
1120:
1006:
610:(to "stir", "mix", "disturb", "confuse"), possibly suggesting that other
555:
291:
1102:. Instead of the title "Duke", Altzek was granted the Lombard title of "
598:
4615:
4463:
3731:
3186:
3151:
3007:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2848:
2186:
1782:
The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans
951:
745:
663:
Onoguri, Onoghuri, Onghur, Ongur, Onghuri, Onguri, Onogundur, Unogundur
543:
191:
2813:
966:
attacks in 1223. However, they were eventually subdued, their capital
784:
and a rightful heir to the Bulgar throne. He was awarded the title of
558:
seas. In the mid-7th century, Great Bulgaria expanded west to include
504:
4713:
4708:
4555:
4390:
3232:
3211:
3176:
3171:
3120:
3080:
3065:
3035:
2938:
2889:
2798:
2560:
2473:
2433:
2354:
2350:
1809:
1099:
1075:
983:
943:
789:
714:
551:
172:
3337:
3221:
1803:
916:
are the descendants of the Batbayan horde even though they speak a
40:
4768:
4580:
3368:
3263:
3196:
3141:
3090:
3045:
2894:
2868:
2843:
2793:
2768:
2585:
2398:
2362:
2346:
1832:
1344:
1270:
1154:
1136:
1059:
913:
852:
836:
722:
625:
scholars implied that the Bulgars had previously been known as the
532:
318:
277:
215:
713:
Kubrat managed to unite the Onogur Bulgars with the tribes of the
4723:
4021:
3939:
3452:
3273:
3253:
3166:
2783:
2778:
2758:
2711:
2580:
2498:
2443:
2423:
2403:
2393:
2358:
1274:
1103:
1091:
1067:
1002:
967:
909:
844:
832:
816:
757:
718:
626:
615:
571:
563:
524:
516:
512:
472:
388:
374:
332:
231:
226:
4733:
4027:
4015:
3299:
3258:
3040:
2997:
2947:
2808:
2763:
2753:
2737:
2731:
2716:
2706:
2542:
2503:
2493:
2458:
1837:. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei.
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1020:
1013:
975:
939:
884:
Old Great Bulgaria disintegrated under Khazar pressure in 668.
788:(honorary, high title for a nobleman) by the Byzantine emperor
769:
744:. It is presumed that Kubrat's capital was the ancient city of
638:
528:
468:
304:
265:
162:
1356:
1153:
After the state disintegrated under the Khazar attack in 668,
4051:
4033:
3482:
3268:
2853:
2788:
2523:
1051:
1005:
over a mixed group of peoples – Bulgars, Byzantine subjects,
998:
959:
856:
848:
840:
536:
492:
3975:
De facto independent Bulgarian states from the Second Empire
4738:
4081:
3487:
3309:
3085:
1858:
The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture
1834:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
1039:
781:
1082:
in the "spacious but up till that time deserted" towns of
736:
Some scholars assume that it stretched as far west as the
669:. There are several theories about the origin of the name
1558:. Monte Cassino, Italy. Book V chapter 29. Archived from
1332:
867:
The events following Kubrat's death are described by the
26:"Great Bulgaria" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1427:
1425:
1412:
1410:
1078:
and they were then granted by Romuald land northeast of
633:). Agathon wrote about the "nation of Onogur Bulğars",
3295:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
1386:
1290:
1050:
Other Bulgars, circa 662, led by their "Duke Alzeco" (
531:). Great Bulgaria was originally centered between the
1925:
1422:
1407:
1251:
993:
657:
remarked that the Bulgars formerly called themselves
2746:
1716:
1350:
1239:
1227:
1615:
1488:, Orbel, Sofia, 2005 (in Bulgarian, German summary)
990:are considered to be descendants of those Bulgars.
65:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1732:Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World
1729:
1368:
4815:States and territories disestablished in the 660s
4801:
1851:
1589:I° Congresso Nazionale di Archeologia Medievale
1362:
896:Bulgar settlements in the 6th and 7th centuries
4810:States and territories established in the 630s
3987:Despotate of Dobruja (Principality of Karvuna)
974:of the Mongols and the Bulgars mixed with the
839:, forcing his other sons to flee north up the
331:• Old Great Bulgaria is conquered by the
4678:
3883:
3353:
1985:
1496:
1494:
1442:
1440:
3328:State with limited international recognition
1754:Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages
1131:origin. Horse burials are characteristic of
740:and included among its subjects some of the
4506:Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School
1906:
1892:. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing.
1212:
1210:
970:city became one of the major cities of the
752:. Kubrat's grave was discovered in 1912 at
566:. During the late 7th century, however, an
4685:
4671:
3890:
3876:
3360:
3346:
1992:
1978:
1965:The Bulgarians, Minnesota State University
1491:
1437:
171:
1142:
1119:Excavations in the necropolis of Vicenne-
618:as a "mixed" people, or as "rebellious".
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
2275:
1447:Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople
1207:
891:
16:632–668 nomadic empire in Eastern Europe
4511:Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School
1959:, Makedonska civilizacija, Skopje, 1996
1957:Towns and castles in medieval Macedonia
1882:
1771:
1582:"Sepolture Con Cavallo Da Vicenne (Cb)"
1548:
1257:
1023:. After a revolt, he led his people to
908:Some also believe that the present-day
4802:
1950:Old Great Bulgaria - facts and sources
1830:
1798:
1579:
1486:Die Protobulgaren im 5.-7. Jahrhundert
1431:
1416:
1338:
1245:
1233:
4666:
3871:
3367:
3341:
1973:
1665:"Longobard necropolis of Campochiaro"
1616:Belcastro, M. G.; Faccini F. (2001).
1320:
950:, at the confluence of the Volga and
1757:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1750:
1374:
1314:
811:Kubrat quickly managed to overthrow
63:adding citations to reliable sources
34:
1688:Conte Miltenova, N. - I Bulgari di
1045:
843:(2nd son Kotrag) and west into the
13:
4570:
4403:
4389:
4382:Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin
1876:
1861:, University of California Press,
1351:Bowersock, Brown & Grabar 1999
994:Bulgars in Vojvodina and Macedonia
954:. As the Volga or Silver Bulgars (
14:
4876:
1921:
958:), they converted voluntarily to
862:
780:, Kubrat was from the royal clan
701:would mean "ten clans of Oghuz".
661:. Variations of the name include
507:land"), was a 7th-century Turkic
4845:Romania in the Early Middle Ages
4840:Moldova in the Early Middle Ages
4645:
4633:
4408:Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander
4271:Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854
4179:
4174:
4169:
2317:
2001:
1935:
927:
777:Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans
704:
448:
434:
420:
395:
381:
367:
154:
39:
4456:Prominent writers and scholars:
3300:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
1695:
1682:
1657:
1609:
1573:
1542:
1522:
1503:
1478:
1455:
1387:Leif Inge Ree Petersen (2013).
1380:
1291:Leif Inge Ree Petersen (2013).
1094:, in the present-day region of
819:influence among the Bulgars in
50:needs additional citations for
1913:History of the Byzantine State
1299:
1284:
1281:, and Pseudo-Zecharias Rhetor)
1263:
1190:
763:
596:The etymology of the ethnonym
1:
4286:Battle of the Gates of Trajan
3290:Organization of Turkic States
1451:Historia syntomos, breviarium
1184:
978:. The citizens of the modern
1736:. Harvard University Press.
1323:"The Origins of the Bulgars"
1321:Gurov, Dilian (March 2007).
1062:and requested land from the
887:
7:
4835:Medieval history of Ukraine
1784:. Brill. pp. 151–236.
1167:
673:. In some Turkic languages
491:), also often known by the
487:: Παλαιά Μεγάλη Βουλγαρία,
10:
4881:
4830:Medieval history of Russia
4820:Former countries in Europe
4372:Uprising of Asen and Peter
1916:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
1853:Maenchen-Helfen, Otto John
1709:
1146:
931:
903:
796:(1883), while translating
767:
729:as Old Great Bulgaria, or
589:
585:
25:
18:
4704:
4628:
4541:Holy Forty Martyrs Church
4367:Uprising of Georgi Voyteh
3913:
3836:
3752:
3707:
3698:
3633:
3624:
3529:
3520:
3443:
3434:
3376:
3323:
3282:
3246:
3129:
3103:
3016:
2968:
2961:
2882:
2831:
2326:
2315:
2015:
1831:Golden, Peter B. (2011).
1780:; Kovalev, Roman (eds.).
1054:) sought refuge from the
946:. There they established
542:The original capital was
464:
346:
342:
329:
315:
301:
297:
287:
283:
271:
259:
255:
245:
237:
225:
211:
201:
187:
170:
151:
146:
139:
4362:Uprising of Peter Delyan
4217:Bulgarian–Hungarian wars
4207:Byzantine–Bulgarian wars
2905:Timeline of the Göktürks
1625:Collegium Antropologicum
823:in what became known as
683:Western Turkic Khaganate
181: Old Great Bulgaria
161:Monogram of bulgar khan
19:Not to be confused with
4696:established around the
4439:Preslav Literary School
4424:Early Cyrillic alphabet
4303:Second Bulgarian Empire
4256:Siege of Constantinople
4212:Croatian–Bulgarian wars
4114:Second Bulgarian Empire
3968:Second Bulgarian Empire
3907:Second Bulgarian Empire
3401:Second Bulgarian Empire
1064:Lombard King Grimoald I
859:(5th son Alcek, Alzek)
489:Palaiá Megálē Voulgaría
4606:Archbishopric of Ohrid
4576:
4479:Constantine of Preslav
4409:
4394:
4276:Battle of Southern Buh
4244:First Bulgarian Empire
4232:Bulgarian–Serbian wars
4227:Bulgarian–Ottoman wars
4065:First Bulgarian Empire
3962:First Bulgarian Empire
3903:First Bulgarian Empire
3671:Science and technology
3396:First Bulgarian Empire
2619:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1800:Golden, Peter Benjamin
1751:Chen, Sanping (2012).
1580:Genito, Bruno (2001).
1555:Historia Langobardorum
1393:. Brill. p. 369.
1174:Transdanubian Bulgaria
1149:First Bulgarian Empire
1143:First Bulgarian Empire
1113:Historia Langobardorum
1033:First Bulgarian Empire
897:
815:domination, extending
576:First Bulgarian Empire
416:First Bulgarian Empire
21:First Bulgarian Empire
4574:
4444:Ohrid Literary School
4407:
4393:
4320:Battle of Klokotnitsa
4296:Battle of Dyrrhachium
3116:Proto-Turkic language
2747:Extinct Turkic groups
1772:Fiedler, Uwe (2008).
1016:– as a vassal of the
895:
709:Between 630 and 635,
693:may be the source of
592:Origin of the Bulgars
521:Pontic–Caspian steppe
202:Common languages
28:Bulgarian irredentism
4754:Kingdom of the Aurès
4714:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
4500:Art and architecture
4414:Bulgarian literature
4335:Battle of Rusokastro
4315:Battle of Adrianople
4222:Bulgarian–Latin wars
3824:World Heritage Sites
3583:Chief of the Defence
3315:World Turks Qurultai
1363:Maenchen-Helfen 1973
1310:Op. cit., p. 356-357
649:referred to them as
568:Avar-Slavic alliance
562:and was centered on
321:inherits the throne
307:inherits the throne
74:"Old Great Bulgaria"
59:improve this article
4764:Ostrogothic kingdom
4640:Bulgaria portal
4474:Chernorizets Hrabar
4434:Old Church Slavonic
4350:Battle of Nicopolis
4340:Battle of Chernomen
4261:Battle of Marcellae
4005:Great Boyar Council
3643:Economic statistics
3426:Bulgaria since 1990
3056:Karachay-Cherkessia
1908:Ostrogorsky, George
1671:on November 6, 2007
869:Byzantine Patriarch
4850:Barbarian kingdoms
4789:Visigothic kingdom
4749:Kingdom of Odoacer
4719:Burgundian kingdom
4709:Alamannian kingdom
4694:Barbarian kingdoms
4652:History portal
4601:Bulgarian Orthodox
4577:
4489:Evtimiy of Tarnovo
4410:
4395:
4377:Uprising of Ivaylo
4330:Battle of Velbazhd
4291:Battle of Kleidion
4281:Battle of Achelous
4010:Council of Preslav
3950:Old Great Bulgaria
3391:Old Great Bulgaria
3247:Traditional sports
3051:Kabardino-Balkaria
2671:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
1884:Charles, Robert H.
1515:2022-01-20 at the
1471:2012-07-22 at the
1341:, p. 103–104.
898:
874:. In the times of
829:Mala Pereshchepina
481:Old Great Bulgaria
141:Old Great Bulgaria
4797:
4796:
4774:Sub-Roman Britain
4744:Kingdom of Altava
4660:
4659:
4623:
4622:
4419:Glagolitic script
4325:Battle of Skafida
4310:Battle of Tryavna
4163:Bulgarian economy
4158:Bulgarian coinage
3865:
3864:
3832:
3831:
3694:
3693:
3620:
3619:
3602:Political parties
3590:National Assembly
3544:Foreign relations
3516:
3515:
3498:Rhodope Mountains
3421:People's Republic
3335:
3334:
3111:Old Turkic script
3099:
3098:
2910:Timeline 500–1300
2827:
2826:
2313:
2312:
2172:Kipchak languages
2127:Karamanli Turkish
1814:Otto Harrassowitz
944:Volga-Ural region
794:Hermann Zotenberg
774:According to the
651:Onogundur Bulgars
570:in the west, and
523:(modern southern
478:
477:
460:
459:
456:
455:
408:
407:
241:Absolute monarchy
197:
135:
134:
127:
109:
4872:
4855:Former countries
4724:Frankish kingdom
4698:Migration Period
4687:
4680:
4673:
4664:
4663:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4596:Eastern Orthodox
4591:Christianisation
4518:Famous examples:
4494:Gregory Tsamblak
4469:Clement of Ohrid
4345:Siege of Tarnovo
4266:Battle of Pliska
4183:
4178:
4173:
4141:Michael Shishman
4059:Important rulers
3989:(1337/1346–1413)
3983:(1371–1396/1422)
3981:Tsardom of Vidin
3970:(1185–1396/1422)
3916:
3915:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3845:
3705:
3704:
3661:
3631:
3630:
3527:
3526:
3463:Cities and towns
3453:Balkan Peninsula
3448:Balkan Mountains
3441:
3440:
3386:Odrysian kingdom
3362:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3157:Tibetan Buddhism
3137:Turkic mythology
3018:Autonomous areas
2970:Sovereign states
2966:
2965:
2744:
2743:
2726:
2701:
2598:
2575:
2537:
2488:
2453:
2414:Crimean Karaites
2388:
2365:
2321:
2273:
2272:
2152:Khorasani Turkic
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1917:
1903:
1871:
1848:
1827:
1795:
1768:
1747:
1735:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1667:. Archived from
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1639:. Archived from
1622:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1591:. Archived from
1586:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1550:Diaconis, Paulus
1546:
1540:
1526:
1520:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1459:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1279:Zacharias Rhetor
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1214:
1205:
1194:
1046:Bulgars in Italy
687:Turkic languages
641:was lord of the
452:
451:
444:Khazar Khaganate
438:
437:
424:
423:
412:
411:
399:
398:
385:
384:
371:
370:
364:
363:
348:
347:
195:
180:
175:
158:
137:
136:
130:
123:
119:
116:
110:
108:
67:
43:
35:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4860:Nomadic empires
4800:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4779:Suebian kingdom
4759:Lombard kingdom
4729:Frisian kingdom
4700:
4691:
4661:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4624:
4586:Slavic Paganism
4569:
4521:
4502:
4484:John the Exarch
4459:
4429:Cyrillic script
4402:
4387:
4358:
4356:Major uprisings
4251:Battle of Ongal
4240:
4203:
4168:
4154:
4061:
3996:
3958:
3936:
3909:
3896:
3866:
3861:
3848:
3841:
3828:
3814:Public holidays
3748:
3690:
3659:
3616:
3512:
3458:Black Sea coast
3430:
3372:
3366:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3319:
3278:
3242:
3125:
3095:
3012:
2993:Northern Cyprus
2957:
2943:Altai Mountains
2878:
2823:
2742:
2722:
2667:North Macedonia
2609:
2590:
2547:
2533:
2529:Siberian Tatars
2484:
2469:Khorasani Turks
2449:
2376:
2345:
2322:
2309:
2271:
2192:Ottoman Turkish
2112:Karachay-Balkar
2011:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1961:(in Macedonian)
1955:Ivan Mikulčić,
1946:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1924:
1900:
1879:
1877:Further reading
1874:
1869:
1845:
1824:
1792:
1765:
1744:
1718:Bowersock, Glen
1712:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1598:on June 2, 2006
1595:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1527:
1523:
1517:Wayback Machine
1508:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1473:Wayback Machine
1460:
1456:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1285:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1215:
1208:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1170:
1162:Battle of Ongal
1151:
1145:
1108:Paul the Deacon
1048:
996:
936:
930:
918:Turkic language
906:
890:
865:
772:
766:
750:Taman Peninsula
742:Pannonian Avars
738:Pannonian Plain
731:Patria Onoguria
707:
677:means "10" and
655:Constantine VII
594:
588:
548:Taman Peninsula
519:on the western
501:Patria Onoguria
471:
449:
435:
421:
396:
382:
368:
335:
322:
308:
274:
273:• 665–668
262:
261:• 632–665
218:
194:
183:
182:
178:
166:
165:
159:
142:
131:
120:
114:
111:
68:
66:
56:
44:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4878:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4784:Vandal kingdom
4781:
4776:
4771:
4769:Rugian kingdom
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4690:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4667:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4642:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4611:Roman Catholic
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Great Basilica
4528:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4452:
4451:
4449:Royal charters
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4398:
4396:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4195:Bulgarian navy
4192:
4190:Bulgarian army
4185:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4146:Ivan Alexander
4143:
4138:
4136:Konstantin Tih
4133:
4128:
4123:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3994:Administration
3992:
3991:
3990:
3984:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Stock Exchange
3673:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3612:Prime Minister
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Ottoman period
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371: articles
3365:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Turkic Academy
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:Khalwati order
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:Bektashi Order
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3061:Karakalpakstan
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Altai Republic
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2927:Nomadic empire
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2695:Western Thrace
2601:
2600:
2599:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Crimean Tatars
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2222:Siberian Tatar
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1923:
1922:External links
1920:
1919:
1918:
1904:
1898:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1849:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1796:
1790:
1769:
1764:978-0812206289
1763:
1748:
1742:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1694:
1681:
1656:
1631:(2): 387–401.
1608:
1572:
1541:
1521:
1502:
1490:
1484:Rasho Rashev,
1477:
1475:on 2013-10-21)
1454:
1436:
1434:, p. 143.
1421:
1419:, p. 104.
1406:
1399:
1379:
1367:
1365:, p. 384.
1355:
1353:, p. 354.
1343:
1331:
1313:
1298:
1295:. p. 112.
1283:
1262:
1260:, p. 152.
1250:
1248:, p. 145.
1238:
1236:, p. 245.
1226:
1206:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1147:Main article:
1144:
1141:
1047:
1044:
995:
992:
948:Volga Bulgaria
934:Volga Bulgaria
932:Main article:
929:
926:
905:
902:
889:
886:
879:Constantine IV
864:
863:Disintegration
861:
768:Main article:
765:
762:
727:Western Europe
706:
703:
612:Turkic peoples
590:Main article:
587:
584:
580:Volga Bulgaria
560:Avar territory
527:and southwest
511:formed by the
509:nomadic empire
497:Magna Bulgaria
485:Medieval Greek
476:
475:
466:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
446:
440:
439:
432:
430:Volga Bulgaria
426:
425:
418:
409:
406:
405:
403:Avar Khaganate
400:
392:
391:
386:
378:
377:
372:
360:
359:
354:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
330:
327:
326:
323:
316:
313:
312:
309:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
288:Historical era
285:
284:
281:
280:
275:
272:
269:
268:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
189:
185:
184:
177:
176:
168:
167:
160:
153:
152:
149:
148:
144:
143:
140:
133:
132:
115:September 2016
47:
45:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4877:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4739:Hunnic empire
4737:
4735:
4734:Gepid kingdom
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4653:
4643:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4575:Saint Theodor
4573:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4546:Boyana Church
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4239:
4238:Major battles
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:National bank
3664:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3329:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:Organizations
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3238:Vattisen Yaly
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Bashkortostan
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2920:Turkification
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2535:Baraba Tatars
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Common Turkic
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2267:Western Yugur
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:Crimean Tatar
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1899:9781889758879
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1868:9780520015968
1864:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1844:9789732721520
1840:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1823:9783447032742
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1791:9789004163898
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:Curta, Florin
1775:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1743:9780674511736
1739:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1646:on 2009-02-27
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1562:on 2008-05-17
1561:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1400:9789004254466
1396:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1377:, p. 97.
1376:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:John of Nikiû
1213:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:Central Asian
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
985:
982:republics of
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
935:
928:Volga Bulgars
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
901:
894:
885:
882:
880:
877:
873:
870:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
798:John of Nikiu
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:
771:
761:
759:
755:
754:Pereshchepina
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
705:Establishment
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
685:. Within the
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
614:regarded the
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:
593:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
474:
470:
467:
465:Today part of
463:
447:
445:
442:
441:
433:
431:
428:
427:
419:
417:
414:
413:
410:
404:
401:
394:
393:
390:
387:
380:
379:
376:
373:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
328:
324:
320:
314:
310:
306:
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
282:
279:
276:
270:
267:
264:
258:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
204:
200:
193:
190:
186:
174:
169:
164:
157:
150:
145:
138:
129:
126:
118:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76: –
75:
71:
70:Find sources:
64:
60:
54:
53:
48:This article
46:
42:
37:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4566:
4536:Round Church
4526:Madara Rider
4517:
4516:
4515:
4499:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4399:
4386:
4355:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4200:
4167:
4151:
4131:Ivan Asen II
4113:
4112:
4111:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4058:
3993:
3974:
3973:
3955:
3949:
3933:
3772:Coat of arms
3737:Demographics
3578:Armed Forces
3554:Human rights
3534:Constitution
3411:Principality
3390:
3217:Qalandariyya
3192:Christianity
3003:Turkmenistan
2941: /
2932:Turco-Mongol
2371:Azerbaijanis
1956:
1912:
1888:
1857:
1833:
1804:
1781:
1753:
1731:
1726:Grabar, Oleg
1722:Brown, Peter
1697:
1690:Gallo Matese
1684:
1673:. Retrieved
1669:the original
1659:
1648:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1628:
1624:
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1588:
1575:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:the original
1554:
1544:
1524:
1505:
1485:
1480:
1466:the original
1457:
1450:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1328:. p. 3.
1316:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1265:
1258:Fiedler 2008
1253:
1241:
1229:
1221:
1192:
1159:
1152:
1118:
1111:
1086:, Bovianum (
1049:
1029:Thessaloniki
997:
972:Golden Horde
955:
937:
907:
899:
883:
872:Nikephoros I
866:
851:and 3rd son
810:
801:
775:
773:
735:
730:
708:
698:
694:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
650:
642:
637:stated that
635:Nikephoros I
630:
620:
607:
597:
595:
550:between the
541:
500:
496:
488:
480:
479:
357:Succeeded by
356:
351:
220:Christianity
121:
112:
102:
95:
88:
81:
69:
57:Please help
52:verification
49:
32:
4121:Ivan Asen I
4054:(1393–1396)
4048:(1393–1396)
4042:(1185–1393)
4000:Aristocracy
3945:South Slavs
3638:Agriculture
3595:Chairperson
3571:enforcement
3503:Sredna Gora
3468:Earthquakes
3207:Malamatiyya
2859:Pan-Turkism
2839:Grey Wolves
2804:Oghuz Turks
2724:Afghanistan
2509:Qarai Turks
2439:Karakalpaks
2207:Sakha/Yakut
2097:Fuyü Gïrgïs
2052:Azerbaijani
1432:Golden 2011
1417:Golden 1992
1339:Golden 1992
1246:Golden 2011
1234:Golden 1992
1179:Mount Imeon
1121:Campochiaro
764:Khan Kubrat
725:authors in
697:; that is,
352:Preceded by
292:Middle Ages
4804:Categories
4616:Bogomilism
4464:Saint Naum
4400:Literature
4036:(992–1018)
4014:Capitals:
3964:(681–1018)
3804:Literature
3660:(currency)
3549:Government
3187:Burkhanism
3152:Aiyy Faith
3071:Nakhchivan
3008:Uzbekistan
2988:Kyrgyzstan
2983:Kazakhstan
2978:Azerbaijan
2849:Burkhanism
2675:Montenegro
2639:Dodecanese
2300:Old Uyghur
2285:Old Turkic
2187:Old Turkic
2122:Karakalpak
1675:2007-09-27
1650:2007-09-27
1602:2007-09-27
1566:2012-08-07
1537:9004163891
1306:Theophanes
1202:0521815398
1185:References
1160:After the
956:Bessermens
802:Chronicles
746:Phanagoria
659:Onogundurs
647:Theophanes
643:Onogundurs
544:Phanagoria
535:and lower
238:Government
227:Demonym(s)
192:Phanagoria
85:newspapers
4556:Baba Vida
4551:Tsarevets
4201:Conflicts
4046:Nicopolis
4030:(972–992)
4024:(893–972)
4018:(681–893)
3922:Military
3727:Languages
3717:Education
3686:Transport
3607:President
3539:Elections
3478:Provinces
3436:Geography
3233:Zahediyeh
3228:Safaviyya
3177:Bayramiye
3172:Batiniyya
3147:Shamanism
3130:Religions
3121:Turkology
3081:Tatarstan
3066:Khakassia
3036:Chuvashia
2962:Locations
2939:Tian Shan
2915:Migration
2890:Turkestan
2873:Hungarian
2864:Turkesism
2561:Kryashens
2549:Astrakhan
2474:Krymchaks
2434:Karachays
2355:Telengits
2351:Kumandins
2277:Alphabets
2107:Ili Turki
2017:Languages
1886:(2007) .
1810:Wiesbaden
1539:, p. 351.
1375:Chen 2012
1222:Chronicle
1100:Apennines
1076:Benevento
1058:with the
1025:Macedonia
1001:ruled in
988:Chuvashia
984:Tatarstan
888:Aftermath
847:(4th son
806:Byzantine
790:Heraclius
786:patrician
715:Kutrigurs
667:Unokundur
623:Byzantine
212:Religion
196:(632–665)
4865:Khanates
4581:Tengrism
4567:Religion
4097:Simeon I
4072:Asparukh
3925:Culture
3852:Category
3799:Language
3744:Religion
3653:Industry
3522:Politics
3508:Villages
3369:Bulgaria
3197:Hurufism
3142:Tengrism
3091:Xinjiang
3046:Gagauzia
2895:Mongolia
2869:Turanism
2844:Kemalism
2832:Politics
2794:Kipchaks
2774:Göktürks
2769:Dughlats
2623:Bulgaria
2611:Abkhazia
2586:Turkmens
2569:Nağaybäk
2399:Bashkirs
2363:Tubalars
2347:Chelkans
2341:Altaians
2295:Cyrillic
2197:Pecheneg
2162:Krymchak
2067:Chagatai
2040:Southern
2035:Northern
1942:Bulgaria
1910:(1956).
1855:(1973),
1802:(1992).
1728:(1999).
1637:11811269
1513:Archived
1469:Archived
1271:Agathias
1204:, p. 78.
1168:See also
1155:Asparukh
1137:Campania
1125:Germanic
1060:Lombards
1011:Germanic
914:Caucasus
853:Asparukh
837:Batbayan
821:Pannonia
723:medieval
533:Dniester
319:Batbayan
278:Batbayan
216:Tengrism
4825:Bulgars
4561:Cherven
4152:Economy
4126:Kaloyan
4102:Peter I
4092:Boris I
4087:Omurtag
4040:Tarnovo
4022:Preslav
3940:Bulgars
3901:on the
3843:Outline
3789:Customs
3777:Cuisine
3754:Culture
3700:Society
3681:Tourism
3626:Economy
3473:Islands
3416:Tsardom
3378:History
3274:Chovgan
3254:Kyz kuu
3167:Alevism
3104:Studies
2900:History
2883:Origins
2814:Türgesh
2784:Khazars
2779:Karluks
2759:Bulgars
2734:(Sakha)
2712:Uyghurs
2691:Tunisia
2679:Romania
2659:Lebanon
2627:Croatia
2615:Algeria
2604:Turkish
2596:Iranian
2581:Tofalar
2553:Chinese
2514:Qashqai
2499:Naimans
2444:Kazakhs
2424:Dolgans
2409:Chuvash
2404:Chulyms
2394:Balkars
2386:Georgia
2382:Armenia
2359:Teleuts
2336:Afshars
2328:Peoples
2305:Persian
2242:Turkmen
2237:Turkish
2202:Qashqai
2157:Kipchak
2077:Chuvash
2057:Bashkir
1710:Sources
1552:(787).
1275:Priscus
1110:in his
1104:Gastald
1098:in the
1092:Isernia
1090:), and
1072:Romuald
1068:Ravenna
1003:Sirmium
980:Russian
968:Bolghar
922:Kipchak
920:of the
912:of the
910:Balkars
904:Balkars
876:Emperor
845:Balkans
833:Khazars
825:Hungary
758:Ukraine
748:on the
719:Utigurs
699:on Oğur
627:Onogurs
616:Bulgars
586:Origins
572:Khazars
564:Poltava
546:on the
525:Ukraine
517:Bulgars
473:Ukraine
389:Kazarig
375:Onogurs
333:Khazars
317:•
303:•
188:Capital
147:632–668
99:scholar
4107:Samuel
4077:Tervel
4028:Skopje
4016:Pliska
3956:States
3934:Origin
3919:State
3899:Topics
3857:Portal
3819:Sports
3794:Dances
3767:Cinema
3732:People
3722:Health
3648:Energy
3493:Rivers
3264:Kokpar
3259:Jereed
3222:Rifaʽi
3212:Qadiri
3041:Crimea
2998:Turkey
2948:Otuken
2809:Shatuo
2799:K'o-sa
2764:Cumans
2754:Bulaqs
2738:Yugurs
2732:Yakuts
2717:Uzbeks
2707:Tuvans
2683:Serbia
2655:Kosovo
2651:Israel
2635:Cyprus
2592:Afghan
2565:Mishar
2543:Tatars
2504:Nogais
2494:Kumyks
2479:Kyrgyz
2464:Khalaj
2459:Khakas
2429:Gagauz
2257:Uyghur
2177:Kyrgyz
2147:Khazar
2142:Khalaj
2137:Khakas
2132:Kazakh
2117:Karaim
2102:Gagauz
2092:Dolgan
2072:Chulym
2062:Bulgar
2025:Afshar
2010:topics
2008:Turkic
1928:Portal
1896:
1865:
1841:
1820:
1788:
1761:
1740:
1635:
1535:
1397:
1200:
1096:Molise
1088:Boiano
1084:Sepino
1080:Naples
1021:Khagan
1014:tribes
1009:, and
976:Tatars
964:Mongol
940:Kotrag
938:After
924:type.
855:) and
831:, the
817:Onogur
770:Kubrat
671:Onogur
665:, and
639:Kubrat
631:Onoğur
621:Later
608:bulğha
604:Turkic
599:Bulgar
529:Russia
513:Onogur
505:Onogur
495:names
469:Russia
305:Kubrat
266:Kubrat
251:
232:Bulgar
206:Bulgar
179:
163:Kubrat
101:
94:
87:
80:
72:
4052:Vidin
4034:Ohrid
3809:Music
3762:Media
3712:Crime
3483:Pirin
3269:Jigit
3162:Islam
3076:Sakha
2854:Jadid
2789:Kimek
2699:Yemen
2687:Syria
2663:Libya
2643:Egypt
2631:Crete
2573:Volga
2557:Lipka
2524:Shors
2519:Salar
2486:China
2451:China
2262:Uzbek
2247:Tuvan
2227:Tatar
2212:Salar
2182:Nogai
2167:Kumyk
2087:Cuman
2030:Altai
1776:. In
1644:(PDF)
1621:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
1585:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1056:Avars
1052:Alcek
1007:Slavs
999:Kuber
960:Islam
857:Italy
849:Kuber
841:Volga
695:Oghur
691:Oghuz
606:verb
552:Black
537:Volga
493:Latin
106:JSTOR
92:books
4082:Krum
3905:and
3782:wine
3658:Lev
3559:LGBT
3488:Rila
3086:Tuva
2953:Oğuz
2819:Uzes
2647:Iraq
2378:Iran
2252:Urum
2232:Tofa
2217:Shor
2047:Äynu
1894:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1818:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1633:PMID
1533:ISBN
1395:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1129:Avar
1127:and
1040:Krum
1037:Khan
1018:Avar
986:and
952:Kama
813:Avar
782:Dulo
717:and
711:Khan
653:and
578:and
556:Azov
554:and
499:and
247:Khan
78:news
3566:Law
2721:in
2608:in
2483:in
2448:in
2375:in
1106:".
1074:in
1035:by
800:'s
679:ğur
338:668
325:665
311:632
61:by
4806::
2697:,
2693:,
2689:,
2685:,
2681:,
2677:,
2673:,
2669:,
2665:,
2661:,
2657:,
2653:,
2649:,
2645:,
2641:,
2637:,
2633:,
2629:,
2625:,
2621:,
2617:,
2613:,
2594:,
2571:,
2567:,
2563:,
2559:,
2555:,
2551:,
2384:,
2380:,
2361:,
2357:,
2353:,
2349:,
1816:.
1812::
1808:.
1724:;
1720:;
1629:25
1627:.
1623:.
1587:.
1531:,
1493:^
1449:,
1439:^
1424:^
1409:^
1308:,
1277:,
1273:,
1219:,
1209:^
1139:.
1042:.
792:.
760:.
756:,
675:on
645:,
582:.
539:.
503:("
4686:e
4679:t
4672:v
3891:e
3884:t
3877:v
3361:e
3354:t
3347:v
3330:.
3224:*
2875:)
2871:(
1993:e
1986:t
1979:v
1930::
1902:.
1847:.
1826:.
1794:.
1767:.
1746:.
1678:.
1653:.
1605:.
1569:.
1519:.
1403:.
1269:(
629:(
515:-
483:(
128:)
122:(
117:)
113:(
103:·
96:·
89:·
82:·
55:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
