1026:
352:
976:
916:
1525:
1591:
946:
3055:
42:
344:
886:
1086:
1146:
1518:. They will first scratch a hole in the ground with their feet, then lie in it and fling dirt or sand over their bodies with flicks of their wings. They will also bathe in water, or in dry or melting snow. Water bathing is similar to dust bathing, with the sparrow standing in shallow water and flicking water over its back with its wings, also ducking its head under the water. Both activities are social, with up to a hundred birds participating at once, and is followed by preening and sometimes group singing.
856:
1452:
68:
427:
367:
419:
1630:
These references may not always refer specifically to Old World sparrows, or even to small, seed-eating birds, but later writers who were inspired by these texts often had the house sparrow and other members of the family in mind. In particular, Old World sparrows were associated by the ancient Greeks with
1510:
is an exception, breeding in solitary pairs and remaining only in small family groups in the non-breeding season. They form large roosting aggregations in the non-breeding seasons that contain only a single species (in contrast to multi-species flocks that might gather for foraging). Sites are chosen
1629:
Because of their familiarity, the house sparrow and other species of the family are frequently used to represent the common and vulgar, or the lewd. Birds usually described later as Old World sparrows are referred to in many works of ancient literature and religious texts in Europe and western Asia.
1705:
Old World sparrows have been kept as pets at many times in history, even though most are not particularly colourful and their songs are unremarkable. They are also difficult to keep, as pet sparrows must be raised by hand and a considerable amount of insects are required to feed them. Nevertheless,
1610:
Old World sparrows may be the most familiar of all wild birds worldwide. Many species commonly live in agricultural areas, and for several, human settlements are a primary habitat. The
Eurasian tree and house sparrows are particularly specialised in living around humans and inhabit cities in large
515:
Many early classifications of the Old World sparrows placed them as close relatives of the weavers among the various families of small seed-eating birds, based on the similarity of their breeding behaviour, bill structure, and moult, among other characters. Some, starting with P. P. Suskin in the
1548:
1622:. They can be beneficial to humans as well, especially by eating insect pests. Attempts at large-scale control have failed to affect populations significantly, or have been accompanied by major increases in insect attacks probably resulting from a reduction of numbers, as in the
539:
as members of the
Passeridae. Like sparrows, the estrildid finches are small, gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are broadly similar in structure and habits, but tend to be very colourful and vary greatly in their
1550:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1555:
1467:, Australia, and other parts of the world, settlers imported some species which quickly naturalised, particularly in urban and degraded areas. House sparrows, for example, are now found throughout North America, Australia (every state except
1552:
1524:
559:, with 29 genera recognised. Several species in this family are notable singers. New World sparrows are related to Old World buntings, and until 2017, were included in the Old World bunting family
406:
and an extra bone in the tongue. This bone, the preglossale, helps stiffen the tongue when holding seeds. Other adaptations for eating seeds are specialised bills and elongated and specialised
2039:
R. Terry
Chesser; Kevin J. Burns; Carla Cicero; Jon L. Dunn; Andrew W. Kratter; Irby J. Lovette; Pamela C. Rasmussen; J. V. Remsen Jr.; James D. Rising; Douglas F. Stotz; Kevin Winker (2017).
1929:
1551:
1582:
The house sparrow typically lays 3-6 eggs, but has been known to lay as few as 1 and as many as 8 greenish-white eggs. The incubation period is typically 10–14 days.
1506:
Old World sparrows are generally social birds, with many species breeding in loose colonies and most species occurring in flocks during the non-breeding season. The
2310:
1511:
for cover and include trees, thick bushes and reed beds. The assemblages can be quite large with up to 10,000 house sparrows counted in one roost in Egypt.
3810:
1713:
mentioned, often as pets, in Roman literature were necessarily sparrows, but some accounts of them clearly describe their appearance and habits. The pet
1779:
3689:
2436:
3728:
2473:
2905:
1853:
Summers-Smith, J. Denis (2009). "Family
Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.).
1904:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 157, 252.
575:
of the old practice of calling more types of small birds "sparrows". A few further bird species are also called sparrows, such as the
3475:
1486:. The snowfinches and ground-sparrows are all species of high latitudes. A few species, like the Eurasian tree sparrow, inhabit open
1025:
3663:
398:), at 18 centimetres (7.1 in) and 42 grams (1.5 oz). Sparrows are physically similar to other seed-eating birds, such as
3702:
1956:
1681:
351:
2453:
2420:
2401:
2371:
2352:
2186:
1864:
1812:
1787:
3707:
2505:
3274:
975:
1854:
446:
3284:
1690:
is based on the house sparrow. The symbol had no phonetic value and was used as a determinative in words to indicate
548:
scheme lists the estrildid finches as the separate family
Estrildidae, leaving just the true sparrows in Passeridae.
3777:
3642:
2244:
3733:
3655:
3347:
2084:
Päckert, M.; Hering, J.; Belkacem, A.A.; Sun, Y.-H.; Hille, S.; Lkhagvasuren, D.; Islam, S.; Martens, J. (2021).
3498:
3342:
3204:
2898:
3715:
3362:
3357:
3279:
1880:
441:
164:
2225:
3480:
2774:
2680:
2660:
1261:
1221:
1110:
378:
Generally, Old World sparrows are small, plump, brown and grey birds with short tails and stubby, powerful
2857:
1634:, the goddess of love, due to their perceived lustfulness, an association echoed by later writers such as
1060:
3585:
3572:
3216:
3168:
2784:
1618:
Grain-eating species, in particular the house and Sudan golden sparrows, can be significant agricultural
1100:
1471:), parts of southern and eastern Africa, and over much of the heavily populated parts of South America.
3590:
3420:
3405:
3197:
3054:
2117:
1992:
1590:
945:
915:
382:. The differences between sparrow species can be subtle. Members of this family range in size from the
67:
3782:
3743:
3503:
3430:
2891:
2041:"Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds"
1663:
3115:
2498:
187:
24:
3127:
2867:
2862:
2789:
1130:
1070:
1050:
355:
2178:
2166:
3769:
3525:
3470:
3410:
3032:
2837:
2819:
2809:
2705:
1411:
1010:
1000:
960:
701:
431:
359:
2470:
516:
1920s, placed the sparrows in the weaver family as the subfamily
Passerinae, and tied them to
41:
3764:
3756:
3694:
2695:
2670:
2665:
2230:
1291:
1251:
1231:
391:
316:
149:
3611:
3563:
3388:
3174:
2716:
2700:
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2645:
2609:
1599:
1530:
1421:
1401:
1311:
1191:
2483:
8:
3805:
3425:
3319:
3012:
2914:
2630:
2491:
2147:
1734:
1670:
1623:
1321:
551:
Despite some resemblance such as the seed-eater's bill and frequently well-marked heads,
1085:
343:
3440:
3383:
2779:
2430:
2391:
1730:
1120:
545:
478:). These groups are similar to each other, and are each fairly homogeneous, especially
62:
3751:
3598:
3352:
3210:
3137:
3042:
3027:
2954:
2814:
2449:
2416:
2397:
2367:
2348:
2182:
2038:
1952:
1860:
1808:
1783:
1646:
1570:
1468:
990:
885:
552:
296:
20:
1884:
1741:
is a lament for a pet house sparrow belonging to a Jane Scrope, narrated by Scrope.
3603:
3254:
3228:
3142:
2872:
2710:
2640:
2615:
2518:
2097:
2052:
1996:
1948:
1905:
1456:
1431:
1181:
1171:
1040:
806:
Phylogeny based on a study by Martin Päckert and colleagues published in 2021. The
407:
383:
275:
3577:
3324:
3071:
3063:
2675:
2625:
2588:
2583:
2477:
2396:. illustrated by Robert Gillmor. Calton, Staffs, England: T. & A. D. Poyser.
1856:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World
Sparrows
1649:
also inspired later references, such as that in the final scene of
Shakespeare's
1619:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1241:
528:
3720:
3650:
3637:
3291:
3147:
3120:
2992:
2800:
2736:
2685:
2603:
2598:
2573:
2221:
2000:
1391:
1371:
1301:
1281:
982:
952:
900:
862:
818:
724:
696:
475:
403:
320:
232:
225:
204:
1451:
1145:
497:
3799:
3508:
3395:
3309:
3185:
3037:
2977:
2635:
2620:
2578:
2553:
2170:
2121:
1726:
1507:
1491:
1361:
1211:
1201:
870:
564:
556:
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489:
312:
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50:
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2655:
2650:
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1656:
1495:
1381:
1271:
1161:
930:
855:
673:
576:
390:), at 11.4 centimetres (4.5 in) and 13.4 grams (0.47 oz), to the
304:
1514:
The Old World sparrows are some of the few passerine birds that engage in
3676:
3557:
3460:
3445:
3435:
3415:
3304:
2997:
2982:
2102:
2086:"A revised multilocus phylogeny of Old World sparrows (Aves: Passeridae)"
2085:
1706:
many people succeed at hand-raising orphaned or abandoned baby sparrows.
1639:
1463:
The Old World sparrows are indigenous to Europe, Africa and Asia. In the
560:
536:
484:
308:
2057:
2040:
3400:
3261:
3017:
2932:
2848:
2281:"Starling Talk: The Care and Feeding of Injured and Orphaned Starlings"
1709:
The earliest mentions of pet sparrows are from the Romans. Not all the
1475:
1474:
The Old World sparrows are generally birds of open habitats, including
1032:
892:
812:
742:
371:
239:
211:
173:
366:
19:
This article is about Old World sparrows. For New World sparrows, see
3681:
3624:
3235:
3132:
2959:
2942:
2883:
1669:
Sparrows are represented in ancient
Egyptian art very rarely, but an
1631:
1562:
1515:
1494:
has the most unusual habitat of the family, inhabiting the canopy of
1483:
807:
512:. They therefore classify it as its own subfamily within Passeridae.
505:
461:
328:
319:, in particular, inhabit cities in large numbers. They are primarily
268:
139:
119:
79:
3668:
3519:
1909:
1886:
Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés
1645:
Jesus's use of "sparrows" as an example of divine providence in the
3629:
3542:
3299:
2972:
2947:
2765:
2318:
1722:
1487:
1464:
1092:
922:
668:
616:
488:) and several other African genera (otherwise classified among the
470:
438:
246:
218:
129:
99:
2364:
The
Natural History of Egypt, Volume I: The Birds of Ancient Egypt
437:
The family Passeridae was introduced (as Passernia) by the French
3152:
3096:
3086:
2536:
1928:
FjeldsĂĄ, J.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P. G. P.; Zuccon, D. (2010).
1889:(in French). Vol. 1815. Palermo: Self-published. p. 68.
1635:
1595:
1534:
1479:
834:
541:
532:
3007:
2564:
2029:. 7th edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
1718:
1651:
1566:
1152:
634:
572:
456:
418:
324:
291:
253:
181:
89:
2280:
454:) main groupings of the sparrows are the true sparrows (genus
3616:
3157:
3091:
2528:
1603:
1538:
521:
496:. According to a study of molecular and skeletal evidence by
399:
303:, and from a few other birds sharing their name, such as the
286:
1927:
1774:
Bledsoe, A. H.; Payne, R. B. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
2918:
2513:
1659:
379:
332:
271:
109:
1773:
571:) is similarly unrelated. It is a sparrow in name only, a
2228:. In Cheyne, Thomas Kelley; Black, J. Sutherland (eds.).
482:. Some classifications also include the sparrow-weavers (
327:. Some species scavenge for food around cities and, like
2083:
1541:, are highly gregarious outside of the breeding season.
508:, is a sister taxon to the sparrows as defined by the
1807:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
335:, will eat small quantities of a diversity of items.
1991:
1902:
History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names
520:. Another family sparrows were classed with was the
527:Some authorities previously classified the related
2385:. New Naturalist (1st. ed.). London: Collins.
1803:Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John (1993).
1802:
504:of the Philippines, previously considered to be a
492:, Ploceidae) which are morphologically similar to
2362:Houlihan, Patrick E.; Goodman, Steven M. (1986).
3797:
2292:
2290:
1615:are known to nest on and feed around buildings.
1611:numbers. 17 of the 26 species recognised by the
2361:
2342:
2308:
2267:
1979:
2164:
444:in 1815. Under the classification used in the
2899:
2499:
2413:On Sparrows and Man: A Love-Hate Relationship
2410:
2389:
2380:
2296:
2287:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2071:
1852:
1805:Finches and Sparrows: an Identification Guide
1761:
2345:Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds
2317:. Cambridge University Press. Archived from
1725:'s poems may not have been a sparrow, but a
1585:
3811:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
2116:
1446:
413:
2906:
2892:
2506:
2492:
2435:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2195:
2122:"Old World sparrows, snowfinches, weavers"
1879:
40:
3476:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
2101:
2056:
1923:
1921:
1919:
311:. Many species nest on buildings and the
1589:
1501:
1450:
425:
417:
365:
350:
342:
2220:
2165:Clement, Peter; Colston, P. R. (2003).
2158:
3798:
2913:
2025:American Ornithologists' Union. 1998.
1916:
1848:
1846:
1844:
3524:
3523:
2887:
2487:
2343:Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. (2008).
2234:. Vol. 4. Toronto : Morang.
2128:. International Ornithologists' Union
2007:. International Ornithologists' Union
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
3744:53429a68-1374-41b2-a5d5-375c5f704e12
3656:2484cead-6b93-4e7b-a89a-dff86820444d
2443:
2255:
1899:
402:, but have a vestigial dorsal outer
285:, a name also used for a particular
2110:
2032:
2001:"New World Sparrows, Bush Tanagers"
1973:
555:are members of a different family,
13:
2366:. Warminster: Aris & Philips.
2027:Check-list of North American Birds
1821:
1767:
1613:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1561:House sparrows water bathing near
447:Handbook of the Birds of the World
295:. They are distinct from both the
14:
3822:
2464:
2175:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
323:, though they also consume small
3053:
2411:Summers-Smith, J. Denis (2005).
2390:Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1988).
2381:Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1963).
2315:A Dictionary of Literary Symbols
2005:IOC World Bird List Version 11.1
1953:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01053.x
1546:
1523:
1144:
1084:
1024:
974:
944:
914:
884:
854:
544:. The 2008 Christidis and Boles
66:
2480:at the Internet Bird Collection
2302:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2238:
2214:
2140:
2120:; Donsker, David, eds. (2018).
2077:
2065:
2019:
1776:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
3205:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck
2347:. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing.
2335:
1985:
1893:
1881:Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel
1873:
1796:
1755:
338:
1:
3481:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
1744:
442:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
347:Male house sparrow in Germany
2775:Yellow-throated bush sparrow
2681:Southern grey-headed sparrow
2661:Northern grey-headed sparrow
1859:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
1749:
1262:Southern grey-headed sparrow
1222:Northern grey-headed sparrow
1111:Yellow-throated bush sparrow
7:
3217:Jonathan Livingston Seagull
3169:The Conference of the Birds
2785:Yellow-spotted bush sparrow
2415:. Guisborough (Cleveland).
2268:Houlihan & Goodman 1986
2126:World Bird List Version 8.1
1980:Christidis & Boles 2008
1934:is a forest canopy sparrow"
1739:The Boke of Phyllyp Sparowe
1101:Yellow-spotted bush sparrow
965:Onychostruthus taczanowskii
837:divided into eight genera:
10:
3827:
3499:Human–dinosaur coexistence
3198:A History of British Birds
3004:In mythology and religion
2448:. Animal. Reaktion Books.
2177:. Firefly Books. pp.
2167:"Sparrows and Snowfinches"
1932:Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus
1673:
875:Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus
828:
468:), and the rock sparrows (
18:
3532:
3504:Category:Birds and humans
3491:
3431:Henry Constantine Richter
3373:
3335:
3105:
3062:
3051:
2925:
2846:
2828:
2798:
2763:
2745:
2726:
2562:
2544:
2526:
1664:His Eye Is on the Sparrow
1594:House sparrows being fed
1586:Relationships with humans
739:
721:
714:
693:
686:
665:
658:
631:
613:
606:
599:
592:
281:. They are also known as
200:
195:
179:
172:
63:Scientific classification
61:
48:
39:
34:
3116:Bird-and-flower painting
2309:Ferber, Michael (2007).
2047:(Submitted manuscript).
1900:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
1447:Distribution and habitat
905:Carpospiza brachydactyla
432:black-winged snowfinches
414:Taxonomy and systematics
25:Sparrow (disambiguation)
2863:Rufous-necked snowfinch
2790:Yellow-throated sparrow
1999:, eds. (January 2021).
1577:
1131:Yellow-throated sparrow
1051:Rufous-necked snowfinch
833:The family contains 43
356:Yellow-throated sparrow
3471:BirdLife International
3411:John Gerrard Keulemans
3363:of the Tower of London
3224:In theatre and ballet
3033:Driven grouse shooting
2858:Père David's snowfinch
2838:White-rumped snowfinch
2820:Black-winged snowfinch
2810:White-winged snowfinch
2706:Arabian golden sparrow
1624:Great Sparrow Campaign
1607:
1460:
1459:in southeastern Turkey
1412:Arabian golden sparrow
1115:Gymnoris superciliaris
1061:Père David's snowfinch
1011:Black-winged snowfinch
1005:Montifringilla nivalis
1001:White-winged snowfinch
995:Montifringilla henrici
961:White-rumped snowfinch
702:white-rumped snowfinch
579:, an estrildid finch.
464:(typically one genus,
434:
423:
375:
363:
360:Keoladeo National Park
348:
317:Eurasian tree sparrows
23:. For other uses, see
3765:Paleobiology Database
2696:Eurasian tree sparrow
2671:Parrot-billed sparrow
2231:Encyclopaedia Biblica
1593:
1531:Sudan golden sparrows
1502:Behaviour and ecology
1454:
1346:Passer hispaniolensis
1292:Eurasian tree sparrow
1252:Parrot-billed sparrow
1135:Gymnoris xanthocollis
1055:Pyrgilauda ruficollis
1015:Montifringilla adamsi
429:
421:
392:parrot-billed sparrow
369:
354:
346:
267:are a group of small
3651:Fauna Europaea (new)
3389:The Birds of America
3175:Ode to a Nightingale
2868:Blanford's snowfinch
2717:Passer predomesticus
2701:Sudan golden sparrow
2610:Plain-backed sparrow
2171:Perrins, Christopher
2103:10.3897/vz.71.e65952
1600:Notre-Dame Cathedral
1498:in the Philippines.
1422:Sudan golden sparrow
1376:Passer castanopterus
1312:Plain-backed sparrow
1075:Pyrgilauda blanfordi
1071:Blanford's snowfinch
1065:Pyrgilauda davidiana
500:and colleagues, the
404:primary wing feather
3426:Roger Tory Peterson
2631:Abd al-Kuri sparrow
2606:or cinnamon sparrow
2154:. 13 November 2014.
2058:10.1642/AUK-17-72.1
1930:"The Cinnamon Ibon
1671:Egyptian hieroglyph
1533:, seen here on the
1322:Abd al-Kuri sparrow
1186:Passer cordofanicus
1156:, the true sparrows
1045:Pyrgilauda theresae
16:Family of songbirds
3441:Archibald Thorburn
3384:John James Audubon
2780:Sahel bush sparrow
2666:Swainson's sparrow
2515:Old World sparrows
2476:2016-03-14 at the
2444:Todd, Kim (2012).
2297:Summers-Smith 2005
2270:, pp. 136–137
2211:, pp. 49, 215
2209:Summers-Smith 1963
2090:Vertebrate Zoology
2072:Summers-Smith 1988
1995:; Donsker, David;
1762:Summers-Smith 2005
1731:European goldfinch
1608:
1461:
1286:Passer cinnamomeus
1276:Passer pyrrhonotus
1256:Passer gongonensis
1232:Swainson's sparrow
1206:Passer rufocinctus
1121:Sahel bush sparrow
822:were not sampled.
569:Prunella modularis
553:New World sparrows
435:
424:
396:Passer gongonensis
376:
364:
349:
297:New World sparrows
265:Old World sparrows
35:Old World sparrow
3793:
3792:
3752:Open Tree of Life
3526:Taxon identifiers
3517:
3516:
3452:Conservationists
3421:Richard Lewington
3211:The Ugly Duckling
3028:Cormorant fishing
2955:Bird conservation
2881:
2880:
2815:Tibetan snowfinch
2691:Zarudny's sparrow
2646:Shelley's sparrow
2455:978-1-86189-875-3
2422:978-0-9525383-2-5
2403:978-0-85661-048-6
2383:The House Sparrow
2373:978-0-85668-283-4
2354:978-0-643-06511-6
2188:978-1-55297-777-4
1997:Rasmussen, Pamela
1866:978-84-96553-50-7
1814:978-0-691-03424-9
1789:978-1-85391-186-6
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1647:Gospel of Matthew
1556:
1469:Western Australia
1444:
1443:
1436:Passer moabiticus
1402:Zarudny's sparrow
1366:Passer domesticus
1326:Passer hemileucus
1306:Passer ammodendri
1246:Passer suahelicus
1236:Passer swainsonii
1216:Passer motitensis
1192:Shelley's sparrow
991:Tibetan snowfinch
935:Petronia petronia
826:
825:
800:
799:
791:
790:
782:
781:
773:
772:
764:
763:
755:
754:
647:
646:
531:of the Old World
529:estrildid finches
408:alimentary canals
262:
261:
168:
55:Passer domesticus
21:New World sparrow
3818:
3786:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3760:
3759:
3747:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3724:
3723:
3721:NBNSYS0000160634
3711:
3710:
3698:
3697:
3685:
3684:
3672:
3671:
3659:
3658:
3646:
3645:
3633:
3632:
3620:
3619:
3607:
3606:
3594:
3593:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3521:
3520:
3057:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2873:Afghan snowfinch
2711:Chestnut sparrow
2641:Kordofan sparrow
2616:Dead Sea sparrow
2508:
2501:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2459:
2440:
2434:
2426:
2407:
2386:
2377:
2358:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2306:
2300:
2299:, pp. 29–35
2294:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2258:, pp. 56–58
2253:
2247:
2245:Matthew 10:29–31
2242:
2236:
2235:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2193:
2192:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2148:"Hoiuse Sparrow"
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1955:. Archived from
1938:
1925:
1914:
1913:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1850:
1819:
1818:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1626:in 1950s China.
1558:
1557:
1527:
1457:Dead Sea sparrow
1432:Dead Sea sparrow
1416:Passer euchlorus
1386:Passer iagoensis
1336:Passer insularis
1316:Passer flaveolus
1182:Kordofan sparrow
1172:Chestnut sparrow
1166:Passer melanurus
1148:
1125:Gymnoris dentata
1105:Gymnoris pyrgita
1088:
1041:Afghan snowfinch
1028:
978:
948:
918:
888:
858:
840:
839:
717:
716:
689:
688:
661:
660:
609:
608:
602:
601:
595:
594:
587:
586:
582:
581:
524:(Fringillidae).
384:chestnut sparrow
299:, in the family
163:
71:
70:
44:
32:
31:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3740:
3732:
3727:
3719:
3714:
3706:
3701:
3693:
3688:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3623:
3615:
3610:
3602:
3597:
3589:
3584:
3576:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3528:
3518:
3513:
3487:
3369:
3331:
3101:
3058:
3049:
2921:
2912:
2882:
2877:
2842:
2824:
2794:
2759:
2741:
2730:
2722:
2676:Swahili sparrow
2626:Socotra sparrow
2612:or Pegu sparrow
2589:Italian sparrow
2584:Spanish sparrow
2558:
2540:
2522:
2512:
2478:Wayback Machine
2467:
2462:
2456:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2404:
2374:
2355:
2338:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2239:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2196:
2189:
2163:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2115:
2111:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2037:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1936:
1926:
1917:
1898:
1894:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1851:
1822:
1815:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1782:. p. 222.
1780:Merehurst Press
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1703:
1588:
1580:
1573:
1559:
1547:
1542:
1528:
1504:
1490:. The aberrant
1449:
1406:Passer zarudnyi
1352:Italian sparrow
1342:Spanish sparrow
1332:Socotra sparrow
1296:Passer montanus
1266:Passer diffusus
1242:Swahili sparrow
1196:Passer shelleyi
1176:Passer eminibey
849:Living species
831:
801:
792:
783:
774:
765:
756:
648:
422:A sparrow chick
416:
388:Passer eminibey
341:
289:of the family,
191:
185:
162:
65:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3774:
3761:
3748:
3738:
3725:
3712:
3699:
3686:
3673:
3660:
3647:
3638:Fauna Europaea
3634:
3621:
3608:
3595:
3582:
3569:
3554:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3467:Organisations
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3275:Animated films
3272:
3265:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:Gallic rooster
3145:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:Feather tights
3118:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2993:Model organism
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2830:Onychostruthus
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2801:Montifringilla
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2737:Pale rockfinch
2733:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2686:Desert sparrow
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2604:Russet sparrow
2601:
2599:Somali sparrow
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2574:Saxaul sparrow
2570:
2568:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2546:Hypocryptadius
2542:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2466:
2465:External links
2463:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2441:
2421:
2408:
2402:
2387:
2378:
2372:
2359:
2353:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2301:
2286:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2237:
2222:Shipley, A. E.
2213:
2194:
2187:
2157:
2139:
2109:
2076:
2064:
2051:(3): 751–773.
2031:
2018:
1984:
1972:
1947:(4): 747–760.
1915:
1892:
1872:
1865:
1820:
1813:
1795:
1788:
1766:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1668:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1560:
1545:
1543:
1529:
1522:
1503:
1500:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1396:Passer simplex
1392:Desert sparrow
1389:
1379:
1372:Somali sparrow
1369:
1359:
1356:Passer italiae
1349:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1302:Saxaul sparrow
1299:
1289:
1282:Russet sparrow
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1226:Passer griseus
1219:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1008:
998:
986:
983:Montifringilla
979:
971:
970:
969:
968:
956:
953:Onychostruthus
949:
941:
940:
939:
938:
926:
919:
911:
910:
909:
908:
901:Pale rockfinch
896:
889:
881:
880:
879:
878:
866:
863:Hypocryptadius
859:
851:
850:
847:
844:
830:
827:
824:
823:
819:Hypocryptadius
803:
802:
798:
797:
794:
793:
789:
788:
785:
784:
780:
779:
776:
775:
771:
770:
767:
766:
762:
761:
758:
757:
753:
752:
749:
748:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
725:Montifringilla
720:
715:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
697:Onychostruthus
692:
687:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
664:
659:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
645:
644:
641:
640:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
585:
476:pale rockfinch
466:Montifringilla
415:
412:
340:
337:
307:of the family
260:
259:
258:
257:
250:
243:
236:
233:Montifringilla
229:
226:Onychostruthus
222:
215:
208:
205:Hypocryptadius
198:
197:
193:
192:
186:
177:
176:
170:
169:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
58:
46:
45:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3823:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3510:
3509:Zoomusicology
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Thomas Bewick
3394:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:Illustrators
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3326:
3325:Chicken dance
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:Feather cloak
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3280:Chicken films
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Plume hunting
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2978:Pigeon racing
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Kenya sparrow
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Great sparrow
2619:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:House sparrow
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2554:Cinnamon ibon
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2521:: Passeridae)
2520:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2457:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2321:on 2013-07-24
2320:
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2203:
2201:
2199:
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2184:
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2172:
2168:
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2153:
2149:
2143:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1982:, p. 177
1981:
1976:
1962:on 2017-08-10
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1847:
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1827:
1825:
1816:
1810:
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1799:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1777:
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1763:
1758:
1754:
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1724:
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1712:
1707:
1701:
1697:
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1680:
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1658:
1654:
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1637:
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1625:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1583:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1508:great sparrow
1499:
1497:
1493:
1492:cinnamon ibon
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:Passer luteus
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:House sparrow
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1212:Great sparrow
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:Kenya sparrow
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
992:
989:
988:
987:
985:
984:
980:
977:
973:
972:
966:
962:
959:
958:
957:
955:
954:
950:
947:
943:
942:
936:
932:
929:
928:
927:
925:
924:
920:
917:
913:
912:
906:
902:
899:
898:
897:
895:
894:
890:
887:
883:
882:
876:
872:
871:Cinnamon ibon
869:
868:
867:
865:
864:
860:
857:
853:
852:
848:
845:
842:
841:
838:
836:
821:
820:
815:
814:
809:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
778:
777:
769:
768:
760:
759:
751:
750:
747:
745:
744:
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
727:
726:
719:
718:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
703:
699:
698:
691:
690:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
671:
670:
663:
662:
656:
655:
652:
651:
643:
642:
639:
638:– 28 species
637:
636:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
619:
618:
611:
610:
604:
603:
597:
596:
589:
588:
584:
583:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:hedge sparrow
562:
558:
557:Passerellidae
554:
549:
547:
543:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
513:
511:
507:
503:
502:cinnamon ibon
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:
477:
473:
472:
467:
463:
459:
458:
453:
449:
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428:
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397:
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389:
385:
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373:
368:
361:
357:
353:
345:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:Passerellidae
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:true sparrows
280:
277:
273:
270:
266:
256:
255:
251:
249:
248:
244:
242:
241:
237:
235:
234:
230:
228:
227:
223:
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220:
216:
214:
213:
209:
207:
206:
202:
201:
199:
194:
189:
184:
183:
178:
175:
171:
166:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
146:Superfamily:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:Passeriformes
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:house sparrow
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
3533:
3456:Niels Krabbe
3406:Lars Jonsson
3387:
3343:Golden eagle
3285:Horror films
3269:The Big Year
3267:
3260:
3253:
3243:The Firebird
3241:
3234:
3227:
3215:
3203:
3196:
3184:
3180:To a Skylark
3167:
2968:Cockfighting
2938:Birdwatching
2847:
2829:
2799:
2764:
2755:Rock sparrow
2746:
2727:
2715:
2656:Cape sparrow
2651:Iago sparrow
2594:Sind sparrow
2563:
2545:
2535:
2527:
2514:
2445:
2412:
2393:The Sparrows
2392:
2382:
2363:
2344:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:the original
2314:
2304:
2275:
2263:
2251:
2240:
2229:
2216:
2174:
2160:
2152:Aububon.ordg
2151:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2125:
2112:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2074:, p. 13
2067:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
2004:
1987:
1975:
1964:. Retrieved
1957:the original
1944:
1940:
1931:
1901:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1855:
1804:
1798:
1775:
1769:
1764:, p. 17
1757:
1738:
1735:John Skelton
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1650:
1644:
1628:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1598:in front of
1581:
1516:dust bathing
1513:
1505:
1496:cloud forest
1473:
1462:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1382:Iago sparrow
1375:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1272:Sind sparrow
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1162:Cape sparrow
1151:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1091:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1031:
1014:
1004:
994:
981:
964:
951:
934:
931:Rock sparrow
921:
904:
891:
874:
861:
832:
817:
811:
746:– 4 species
741:
740:
728:– 3 species
723:
722:
695:
694:
674:rock sparrow
667:
666:
633:
632:
620:– 4 species
615:
614:
577:Java sparrow
568:
567:or dunnock (
550:
526:
517:
514:
509:
493:
483:
479:
469:
465:
455:
451:
445:
436:
430:Painting of
395:
387:
377:
305:Java sparrow
290:
282:
278:
274:forming the
264:
263:
252:
245:
238:
231:
224:
217:
210:
203:
180:
159:
136:Infraorder:
54:
29:
3677:iNaturalist
3558:Wikispecies
3461:Peter Scott
3446:Joseph Wolf
3436:Joseph Smit
3416:Edward Lear
3353:Pigeon/Dove
3320:Cendrawasih
3305:Feather boa
3296:In fashion
3128:In heraldry
3106:In the arts
3043:Wildfowling
3024:In hunting
3013:Sacred ibis
2998:Ornithology
2989:In science
2983:Vinkensport
2336:Works cited
2118:Gill, Frank
2096:: 353–366.
1993:Gill, Frank
1640:Shakespeare
590:Passeridae
561:Emberizidae
537:Australasia
518:Plocepasser
498:Jon FjeldsĂĄ
485:Plocepasser
462:snowfinches
370:Sparrow in
339:Description
321:seed-eaters
309:Estrildidae
150:Passeroidea
3806:Passeridae
3800:Categories
3578:Passeridae
3564:Passeridae
3534:Passeridae
3401:John Gould
3164:In poetry
3138:Crow/Raven
3018:Sky burial
2933:Aviculture
2926:Activities
2849:Pyrgilauda
2728:Carpospiza
2471:Passeridae
2325:2017-11-01
1966:2015-09-04
1778:. London:
1745:References
1476:grasslands
1033:Pyrgilauda
893:Carpospiza
813:Carpospiza
743:Pyrgilauda
372:Tharparkar
279:Passeridae
240:Pyrgilauda
212:Carpospiza
174:Type genus
165:Rafinesque
160:Passeridae
126:Suborder:
3316:In dance
3255:The Birds
3236:Swan Lake
3229:The Birds
3193:In prose
3133:Avalerion
2964:In sport
2960:Fletching
2943:Bird hide
2915:Human use
2431:cite book
2311:"Sparrow"
2256:Todd 2012
2226:"Sparrow"
1750:Citations
1632:Aphrodite
1563:Black Sea
1537:coast of
1484:scrubland
808:monotypic
546:taxonomic
506:white-eye
269:passerine
140:Passerida
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
3543:Wikidata
3300:Aigrette
3292:In music
3250:In film
3064:Products
2973:Falconry
2948:Big year
2766:Gymnoris
2747:Petronia
2474:Archived
2224:(1899).
1910:2246/830
1883:(1815).
1723:Catullus
1655:and the
1488:woodland
1465:Americas
1093:Gymnoris
923:Petronia
669:Petronia
617:Gymnoris
474:and the
471:Petronia
439:polymath
374:, Sindh
247:Gymnoris
219:Petronia
156:Family:
100:Chordata
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
3757:1011209
3492:Related
3348:Penguin
3336:Species
3153:Martlet
3112:In art
3097:Poultry
3087:Feather
3072:Chicken
2537:Species
2446:Sparrow
2179:590–591
2173:(ed.).
1711:passeri
1636:Chaucer
1596:brioche
1571:Georgia
1535:Red Sea
1480:deserts
1455:A male
835:species
829:Species
810:genera
563:. The
542:plumage
533:tropics
522:finches
490:weavers
460:), the
400:finches
362:, India
329:pigeons
325:insects
196:Genera
188:Brisson
130:Passeri
116:Order:
106:Class:
3783:558569
3741:NZOR:
3708:553446
3695:105001
3630:1PSSRF
3549:Q28922
3374:People
3008:Augury
2565:Passer
2519:family
2452:
2419:
2400:
2370:
2351:
2185:
2011:2 June
1863:
1811:
1786:
1727:thrush
1719:Lesbia
1715:passer
1696:narrow
1657:Gospel
1652:Hamlet
1567:Batumi
1482:, and
1153:Passer
635:Passer
573:relict
494:Passer
480:Passer
457:Passer
292:Passer
276:family
254:Passer
190:, 1760
182:Passer
167:, 1815
3778:WoRMS
3770:83786
3690:IRMNG
3682:13685
3643:10874
3604:626DC
3358:Raven
3158:Turul
3143:Eagle
3092:Guano
2919:birds
2529:Genus
2169:. In
2132:8 May
1960:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1698:, or
1692:small
1620:pests
1604:Paris
1539:Sudan
846:Genus
843:Image
380:beaks
333:gulls
313:house
287:genus
272:birds
49:Male
3734:9158
3729:NCBI
3703:ITIS
3669:5264
3664:GBIF
3625:EPPO
3617:1627
3591:1187
3586:BOLD
3186:Crow
3077:Down
2450:ISBN
2437:link
2417:ISBN
2398:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2183:ISBN
2134:2018
2013:2021
1941:Ibis
1861:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1660:hymn
1638:and
1578:Eggs
816:and
535:and
315:and
110:Aves
3716:NBN
3612:EoL
3599:CoL
3573:AFD
3262:Kes
3082:Egg
2917:of
2098:doi
2053:doi
2049:134
2045:Auk
1949:doi
1945:152
1906:hdl
1737:'s
1729:or
1721:in
1717:of
1700:bad
1666:".
1602:in
1565:in
510:HBW
452:HBW
358:at
331:or
3802::
3780::
3767::
3754::
3731::
3718::
3705::
3692::
3679::
3666::
3653::
3640::
3627::
3614::
3601::
3588::
3575::
3560::
3545::
2433:}}
2429:{{
2313:.
2289:^
2197:^
2181:.
2150:.
2124:.
2094:71
2092:.
2088:.
2043:.
2003:.
1943:.
1939:.
1918:^
1823:^
1733:.
1694:,
1642:.
1569:,
1478:,
700:–
672:–
410:.
57:)
3392:)
3386:(
2907:e
2900:t
2893:v
2517:(
2507:e
2500:t
2493:v
2458:.
2439:)
2425:.
2406:.
2376:.
2357:.
2328:.
2283:.
2191:.
2136:.
2106:.
2100::
2061:.
2055::
2015:.
1969:.
1951::
1912:.
1908::
1869:.
1817:.
1792:.
1702:.
1662:"
1606:.
1438:)
1434:(
1428:)
1424:(
1418:)
1414:(
1408:)
1404:(
1398:)
1394:(
1388:)
1384:(
1378:)
1374:(
1368:)
1364:(
1358:)
1354:(
1348:)
1344:(
1338:)
1334:(
1328:)
1324:(
1318:)
1314:(
1308:)
1304:(
1298:)
1294:(
1288:)
1284:(
1278:)
1274:(
1268:)
1264:(
1258:)
1254:(
1248:)
1244:(
1238:)
1234:(
1228:)
1224:(
1218:)
1214:(
1208:)
1204:(
1198:)
1194:(
1188:)
1184:(
1178:)
1174:(
1168:)
1164:(
1137:)
1133:(
1127:)
1123:(
1117:)
1113:(
1107:)
1103:(
1077:)
1073:(
1067:)
1063:(
1057:)
1053:(
1047:)
1043:(
1017:)
1013:(
1007:)
1003:(
997:)
993:(
967:)
963:(
937:)
933:(
907:)
903:(
877:)
873:(
450:(
394:(
386:(
53:(
27:.
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