List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents

702: 3379: 688: 2444:, Mandakhnaran held a lead of 7-6 near the end of the match and began celebrating before it had concluded. In response, Ikhtiyor was awarded a penalty point for Mandakhnaran "failing to engage" during the end of the match, which resulted in a 7–7 draw. Ikhtiyor won the game and the bronze due to being the last to score. The Mongolian coaches protested the point, which could not be challenged, by stripping in front of the judges on the mat, resulting in a shoe being sent into the judges' table. Ikhtiyor was awarded a second penalty point as the coaches were escorted away from the mat, leading to the final score being 7–8. 9990: 2451:; the new counting system had five judges who judged each bout, and a computer randomly selected three whose scores are counted. Traditionally, judges would use a computer scoring system to count each punch landed, but in 2016 the winner of each round was awarded 10 points and the loser a lower number, based on criteria which includes the quality of punches landed, effective aggression and tactical superiority. Two results in particular attracted controversy, both involving Russian athletes whose victories were put in question: the defeat of 1683:, despite Jones pummelling Park for three rounds, landing 86 punches to Park's 32. Allegedly, Park himself apologized to Jones afterward. One judge shortly thereafter admitted the decision was a mistake, and all three judges voting against Jones were eventually suspended. The official IOC investigation concluding in 1997 found that three of the judges had been wined and dined by South Korean officials. This led to calls for Jones to be awarded a gold medal, but the IOC still officially stands by the decision, despite the allegations. 1296: 9752: 43: 3045: 2852: 2813: 10116: 10156: 10104: 10128: 2230:, when she held the ball longer than the allowed six seconds. This violation is called in international play, and is intended to be used during instances of time-wasting. As a result, the American side was awarded an indirect free-kick in the box. On the ensuing play, Canada was penalized for a handball in the penalty box, with the American team being awarded a penalty kick, which 2490:, "Hey Vlad, how much did they charge you bro??". The AIBA removed an unspecified number of judges and referees following the controversy, stating that they "determined that less than a handful of the decisions were not at the level expected" and "that the concerned referees and judges will no longer officiate at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games"; however, the original decisions stood. 1447:, the capital of the Soviet Union. Many nations refused to participate in the Games. The exact number of boycotting nations is difficult to determine, as a total of 66 eligible countries did not participate, but some of those countries withdrew due to financial hardships, only claiming to join the boycott to avoid embarrassment. Iran also boycotted the Moscow Games owing to 2611:: after she faced intense public scrutiny over her eligibility to compete in the women's category, including from celebrities and world leaders. Khelif became the target of online abuse and misinformation, such as false claims that she was a man. In response, Khelif said that the backlash she received "harms human dignity" and called for an end to the 1931:), the judges posted a score of 9.725, placing Nemov in third position with several athletes still to compete. The crowd became unruly on seeing the results and interrupted the competition for almost fifteen minutes. Influenced by the crowd's fierce reaction, the judges reevaluated the routine and inflated Nemov's score to 9.762. 729:. Hitler regarded the event as 'his' Olympics and sought to exploit the Games for propaganda purposes, with the aim of showcasing post-First World War Germany. In 1936, a number of prominent politicians and organizations called for a boycott of the Summer Olympics, while other campaigners called for the games to be relocated. 2792:, two teams from the United States representing different federations sent their own teams. The IOC voted to bar both teams from the Games, but the Swiss organizing committee allowed the American Hockey Association team to take part. The team finished fourth, but a year later the IOC disqualified both United States teams. 1490:. Twenty percent of the specimens he tested, including those from sixteen gold medalists would have resulted in disciplinary proceedings had the tests been official. The results of Donike's unofficial tests later convinced the IOC to add his new technique to their testing protocols. The first documented case of " 1482:... who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might well have been called the Chemists' Games." A member of the IOC Medical Commission, Manfred Donike, privately ran additional tests with a new technique for identifying abnormal levels of testosterone by measuring 1690:

suffered a concussion after he struck his head on the springboard during the preliminary rounds. He completed the preliminaries despite his injury, earning the highest single score of the qualifying round for his next dive and repeated the dive during the finals, earning the gold medal by a margin of

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reached the finish line first and was about to be awarded the gold medal before it was revealed he had not run the entire race. Lorz, suffering cramps, had dropped out of the race after nine miles and hitched a ride back to the stadium in a car. When the car broke down at the 19th mile, he re-entered

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claimed a course patrolman crossed his path during the slalom race, causing him to stop. Schranz was given a restart and posted the fastest time. A Jury of Appeal then reviewed the television footage, declared that Schranz had missed a gate on the upper part of the first run, annulled his repeat run

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was giving signs to the referee. When Svensson approached the official and informed him that this was not allowed according to the rules, Mamiashvili responded by saying, "you should know that this may lead to your death." Svensson later found proof that the Romanian referee was bribed (according to

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In the men's field hockey final, Michael Krause's goal in the 60th minute gave the host West German team a 1–0 victory over the defending champion Pakistan. Pakistan's players complained about some of the umpiring and disagreed that Krause's goal was good. After the game, Pakistani fans ran onto the

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was banned from participating in the Olympics as the result of a 36 to 31 vote by the IOC held four days before the opening ceremonies. African countries had threatened to boycott the Munich games had the white-minority-ruled regime been permitted to send a team. The ban occurred over the objections

2285:, never scored a count in each of the six knockdowns and let the fight continue. Meretnyyazov claimed they were slips, and even fixed Abdulhamidov's headgear during the affair. Abdulhamidov had to be helped to his corner following the round. The fight was scored 22–17 in favour of Abdulhamidov. 2261:

after being found guilty of "not using best efforts" and "conducting oneself in a manner that is clearly abusive or detrimental to the sport" by playing to lose matches in order to manipulate the draw for the knockout stage. In one match, both teams made a series of basic errors, and in another the

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Oceania's rhythmic gymnastics qualification for the Tokyo Olympics was conducted with severe breaches that resulted in change of ranking for Olympic nomination and selection. A 1.5-year-long investigation by Gymnastics Ethics Foundation found serious misconduct by qualification event's organisers,

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Norway's last-second goal against South Korea in the handball semifinals put it through to the gold medal game, despite the ball possibly failing to have fully crossed the goal line prior to time expiring. The South Koreans protested and requested that the game continue into overtime. The IHF has

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Governor George H. Earle of Pennsylvania and Mayor La Guardia joined last night with Alfred J. Lill, member of the American Olympic Committee; Eric Seelig, former amateur light-heavyweight boxing champion of Germany, and others, in urging American withdrawal from the Olympic Games in Berlin next

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Severe cost overruns made the 2014 Winter Olympics the most expensive Olympics in history, with allegations of corruption among government officials, and of close relationships between the government and construction firms. While originally budgeted at US$ 12 billion, various factors caused the

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was described as robbery in the Philippines. One media outlet claimed that it appeared that the judges were pressing the buttons on their electronic scoring equipment for the wrong boxer. However, neutral commentators stated that "n Atlanta proved his supremacy beyond doubt and was never really

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and its application at an international event such as the Olympics. In 1934 Avery Brundage undertook a visit to Germany to investigate the treatment of Jews. When he returned, he reported, "I was given positive assurance in writing ... that there will be no discrimination against Jews. You

835:; however some commentators have noted that Hitler missed all medal presentations after the first day as he only wished to shake hands with German victors. Owens himself was reported to have been magnanimous when he mentioned Hitler. After the Games however, Owens was not personally honoured by 2010:, a former two-time world champion (Greco-Roman 100 kg class) and member of board of FILA from 1990 to 2007, has described FILA as an inherently corrupt organization. During the Games, Svensson served as chairman of the disciplinary committee of FILA. As he was watching the final in the 1569:

country, opted to compete despite Soviet demands led to a warm reception of the Romanian team by the United States. When the Romanian athletes entered during the opening ceremonies, they received a standing ovation from the spectators. For different reasons, Iran and Libya also boycotted the

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published two reports in 2016 claiming that from "at least late 2011 to 2015" more than 1,000 Russian competitors in various sports, including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports, benefited from a doping cover-up. As of 25 December 2015, 43 Russian athletes who competed in Sochi have been

1889:, at the time a prohibited substance. Răducan, 16, took Nurofen, a common over-the-counter medicine, to help treat a fever. The Romanian team doctor who gave her the medication was expelled from the Games and suspended for four years. The gold medal was finally awarded to Răducan's teammate 1408:

in the fencing portion of the pentathlon event. This button, when activated, would cause the electronic scoring system to register a hit whether or not the épée had actually connected with the target area of his opponent. As a result of this discovery, he and the Soviet pentathlon team were

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performance. His fall on the last piece of apparatus had initially relegated the Japanese to fourth, and elevated host Great Britain to silver, and Ukraine to bronze. Although the decision to upgrade the Japanese score was greeted with boos in the arena, the teams involved accepted the

1751:. Although he was lapped he stayed with the leaders, slowing down the Kenyan and inciting the crowd to jeer. Initially Skah was disqualified for receiving assistance from a lapped runner, but, after an appeal by the Moroccan team to the IAAF, he was reinstated and his gold medal stood. 1900:

was stripped of a bronze medal in April 2010. Investigations by the sport's governing body (FIG) found that she was only 14 at the 2000 Games. (To be eligible the gymnastic athletes must turn 16 during the Olympic year). FIG recommended the IOC take the medal back as her scores aided

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entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism for athletes from non-Communist

1375:'s team (Taiwan) into the country as Canada did not recognize Taiwan as a nation. Canada's decision was in violation of its agreement with the IOC to allow all recognized teams. Canada agreed to allow the Taiwanese athletes into the country if they did not compete under the name or 2382:, allegedly vandalized a gas station bathroom, and were forced to pay for the damage by two security men who brandished a gun at the swimmers before a translator arrived. The swimmers later claimed to have been pulled over and robbed by gunmen wearing police uniforms. The 1512:

gesture in all four directions to the jeering Soviet public, causing an international scandal and almost losing his medal as a result. There were numerous incidents and accusations of Soviet officials using their authority to negate marks by opponents to the point that

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complained that the vault was set too low. The vault was measured and found to be 5 centimetres lower than it should have been. A number of the gymnasts made unusual errors, including American Elise Ray, who missed the vault completely in her warm-up, and Briton

2543:(IJF) announced the immediate suspension of Nourine and his coach on 24 July 2021, pending a further investigation, while the Algerian Olympic Committee revoked their accreditation, and sent Nourine and his coach back home to Algeria. Nourine and coach 1600:

enlisted her identical twin sister, Margaret, as an imposter for a qualifying heat. Margaret ran the second leg of the qualifier, and the team advanced but when the chief coach of the Puerto Rican team learned of the ruse, he pulled his team out of the

2650:. The critiques of the attire focused largely on the visual design, which some individuals felt was overly simple and unattractive. In response to the criticism, Malaysia released re-designed official attire for the 2024 Malaysian Olympic team. 1992:. He had gone on an eating binge the night before in a protest against the IOC's recognition of the state of Israel. It was reported that Iranian Olympic team chairman Nassrollah Sajadi had suggested that the Iranian government should give him 1820:

use. Jones had won three gold medals (100-metre sprint, 200-metre sprint and 4x400 relay) and two bronze medals (long jump and 4x100 relay). The IOC action also officially disqualified Jones from her fifth-place finish in the Long Jump at the

1023:, the team from Tunisia cheated by attempting to pass off their strongest fencer as each of their three athletes, using his mask to conceal his identity. The ruse was discovered and the Tunisians were disqualified from the fencing portion. 985:

teams met for the semi-final. The players became increasingly violent towards one another as the game progressed, while many spectators were prevented from rioting only by the sudden appearance of the police. The match became known as the

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in a manoeuvre that was legal under American rules but prohibited by the British rules under which the race was run. As a result of the disqualification, a second final race was ordered. Halswelle was to face the other two finalists

1695:-positive six months prior to the games—a diagnosis that was not publicly disclosed until 1995. This led some to question Louganis' decision not to disclose his HIV status during the Games, although blood in a pool posed no risk. 662:

and kept training at the Olympic Village. Despite pleas from all the other entrants of the marathon, he was not allowed to compete at the Games. This incident, in part, led to Finland refusing to participate in the traditional

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in their heat, when rising temperatures thawed the ice. In a controversial ruling, the Norwegian referee canceled the entire competition. Although the IOC reversed the referee's decision and awarded Jaffee the gold medal, the

1352:, led a boycott of twenty-two African nations after the IOC refused to ban New Zealand from participating. Some of the teams withdrew after the first day. The controversy prevented a much anticipated meeting between Tanzanian 1278:

field in rage; some players and fans dumped water on Belgium's Rene Frank, the head of the sport's international governing body. During the medals ceremony, the players staged protests, some of them turning their backs to the

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Despite having more cities interested in this Olympics, the bidding process experienced the most dramatic bids withdrawals ever seen. This means when the candidate stage was reached, only three candidates remained. However,

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officials found the need to look over the officials' shoulders to try to keep the events fair. There were also accusations of opening stadium gates to advantage Soviet athletes, and causing other disturbances to opposing

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with her. The Russian team filed an unsuccessful protest, pushing the medal ceremony back a day. Track officials debated for about two hours before rejecting the Russian arguments. The race was won by the United States'

2525:, the Games were postponed for the first time in the 124-year history of the modern Olympics. The Games were held in July and August 2021, despite many concerns that the Delta variant of COVID-19 posed a serious threat. 1553:, United States, citing a lack of security for their athletes as the official reason. The decision was regarded as a response to the United States-led boycott issued against the Moscow Olympics four years earlier. The 2214:

was marred by controversy. Zou, the Chinese fighter, won on a controversial decision. Pongprayoon was hit with a two-point penalty for an unclear offence with 9 seconds left in the bout to give the Chinese boxer the

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The Canadian ice hockey team boycotted the Games due to the IOC not allowing them to use professional players. Canada had expressed concerns that Soviet athletes were de facto professionals as they were paid by the

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detained Feigen, Bentz, and Conger (Lochte having already left the country) after it was determined that the swimmers had made false reports to the police of being robbed. All of the swimmers involved would receive

2004:, who was reported to have said that Arash's refusal to fight the Israeli would be "recorded in the history of Iranian glories", stated that the nation considered him to be "the champion of the 2004 Olympic Games". 1949:

Hungarian fencing official Joszef Hidasi was suspended for two years by the FIE after committing six errors in favour of Italy during the gold-medal match in men's team foil, denying the Chinese opponent the gold

6295: 2961:, and ejected from the games. Schranz's case was particularly high-profile because of the disqualification controversy centring on him at the 1968 games and Schranz's subsequent dominance of alpine skiing in the 1379:. This led to protests and a threatened boycott by other countries including the US, but these came to naught after the IOC acquiesced to the Canadian demand which, in turn, led Taiwan to boycott the Games. The 3292:. The IOC responded to concerns about the status of the 2014 games by stating that it was "premature to make judgments about how events happening today might sit with an event taking place six years from now". 2345:

caused controversy after the Thai team were given two red cards during the final set. Japan finished the tournament third and qualified for the Olympics, while Thailand finished fifth and did not qualify. The

474:, but both were from the United States and decided not to contest the repeat of the final to protest the judges' decision. Halswelle was thus the only medallist in the 400 metres, a race which became the only 5638: 2172: 5357:(2013), p. 132: "Libya also boycotted the Los Angeles Games, but its reason for doing so was caused by the state of Libyan-US relations in 1984 rather than by any political alignment with the Soviet Union". 3267:

died during training after losing control of his sled and crashing into an unpadded steel pillar. The starting spot was subsequently lowered to decrease the track speed, and a wall was erected to cover the

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to represent the Netherlands in the 2024 Summer Olympics. General director of the Dutch Volleyball Association Michel Everaert announced the organization's support for van de Velde's participation and the

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was found to be a professional athlete and banned from running in the Games. The main orchestrators of the ban were the Swedish officials that were the core of the IOC bureaucracy, including IOC president

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A major controversy in speed skating came when organizers decided to hold competitions under "North American rules", where six speed skaters raced each other at a time instead of the usual two. Finland's

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for over an hour while her appeal was considered, but the appeal was ultimately rejected and Germany advanced to play for the gold medal. Shin A-Lam was offered a consolation medal but declined the offer.

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can't ask more than that and I think the guarantee will be fulfilled." However, a number of record-holding German athletes were excluded from competing at Berlin for being racially undesirable, including

7067: 883:, Peru beat Austria 4–2 but Austria nonetheless advanced to the next round under very controversial circumstances. As a sign of protest the complete Olympic delegations of Peru and Colombia left Germany. 6729: 935:

of World War II, Germany and Japan, were suspended from the Olympics, although Italy, their former ally, participated. German and Japanese athletes were allowed to compete again at the 1952 Olympics.

7024:"CAS AD 16/10 and 16/11. The Anti-doping Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport Issues Decisions in the Cases of Gabriel Sincrain (ROM/Weightlifting-85kg) and Misha Aloian (RUS/Boxing-52kg)" 6916: 2965:

of 1969 and 1970. Brundage's twenty-year reign as President of the IOC ended six months later and subsequent presidents have been limited to terms of eight years, renewable once for four years.

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were disqualified in the semi-final round after they crossed into the lane belonging to the South African team, interfering with their progress. The Canadians appealed unsuccessfully to the

6833: 2441: 1920: 3157:, a prominent IOC official, said soon afterward that ice dancing should be stripped of its status as an Olympic event unless it could clean up the perception that its judging is corrupt. 6891: 7266: 6451: 3131:, a month before the start of the Games. Both women competed, with Kerrigan winning the silver and Harding performing poorly. Harding was later banned for life both from competing in 2109:

events after kicking a referee in the face. Matos attacked the referee after he disqualified Matos for violating the time limit on an injury timeout. He then punched another official.

1736: 1605: 1057: 3223:. Following a December 2003 ruling by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), the IOC withdrew all the doped athletes' medals from the Games, amending the result lists accordingly. 2399: 2195: 1049:

both appeared to touch the wall first, with half of the six judges each thinking Larson and Devitt had won. Head judge Hans Runströmer controversially gave the gold medal to Devitt.

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Elder, Miriam. (11 June 2013). Russia passes law banning gay 'propaganda'. Law will make it illegal to equate straight and gay relationships and to distribute gay rights material.

5405: 1616:(representing Great Britain) infamously collided, leaving Decker injured and unable to continue. Budd was initially disqualified from her 7th place finish but was later reinstated. 8617: 2583: 1796:

troubled in any of his 4 fights" and that "Velasco’s attempt to be the Philippines' first Olympic champion faltered from the beginning and was a clear winner by 19 points to 6".

1286:, the team's manager, G.R. Chaudhry, said that his team thought the outcome had been "pre-planned" by the officials, Horacio Servetto of Argentina and Richard Jewell of Australia. 8831: 7247: 5151: 454: 7148: 2472: 2266: 2242: 1451:'s support for the Islamic Conference's condemnation of the invasion of Afghanistan. Only 80 countries participated in the Moscow games, fewer than the 92 that had joined the 4622: 2460: 1259: 639:

race caused controversy after several women reportedly collapsed at the finish line. As a result, races longer than 200 meters were banned for women until the 1960 Olympics.

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The organizing committee controversially refused to construct a bobsled track for the Games, making 1960 the only Winter Olympics where bobsledding events were not held.

2498: 6772: 2923:, but only after what the IOC bills as the "greatest controversy in the history of the Winter Olympics". The slalom run was held in poor visibility and Austrian skier 1574: 9120: 9115: 8823: 7291: 1185:

tried to make use of the media attention for their country to protest the authoritarian Mexican government. The government reacted with violence, culminating in the

3357: 17: 7815: 7341: 7089: 6866: 4700: 1919:. The South Korean team contested Tae-Young's parallel bars score after judges misidentified one of the elements of his routine. Further problems occurred in the 5775: 3329:, who had a photo shoot taken of her wearing nothing but ski boots and a thong, had the Lebanese government claim that she damaged the reputation of her country. 958:

Eight countries boycotted the Games for three different reasons. Cambodia, Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon announced that they would not participate in response to the

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victory in Olympic history. Taylor later ran on the Gold medal-winning U.S. team for the now-defunct Medley Relay, becoming the first African American medallist.

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By April 2017, the 2008 Summer Olympics had the most (50) Olympic medals stripped for doping violations. The leading country is Russia with 14 medals stripped.

2045: 8391: 8289: 6726: 3807: 2414:(IWF), and the IWF's website was hacked by protestors. The CAS dismissed the appeal due to a lack of evidence that the disqualification was made in bad faith. 8466: 8166: 2532: 606: 5725: 4744: 2700:

later overruled the IOC and restored the ruling. Evensen, for his part, publicly said that Jaffee should be awarded the gold medal, but that never happened.

429:, an Irish athlete representing Great Britain, climbed up the Olympic flagpole with an Irish flag in order to protest being considered a British competitor. 7316: 3915: 7009: 6343: 3541: 1802:

reported that "Daniel Petrov Bojilov ... dominated Mansueto Velasco of the Philippines, 19-6", but acknowledged that "the Filipino deserved more points".

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played during the medal ceremony. She returned home as a heroine of the Czechoslovak people, but was made an outcast by the Soviet dominated government.

7620: 6977: 1248:, the US team appeared to win the gold medal game against the Soviet team, but the final three seconds were replayed three times until the Soviets won. 3865: 2131:

The North Korean women's football team delayed their game against Colombia for an hour after the players were introduced on the jumbo screen with the

2057:, in which they were pictured pulling back the skin on either side of their eyes, narrowing them in order to mimic the stereotypes of thin Asian eyes. 327:

or the contemporary politics of other participants. Some countries have also been banned from the Olympics, such as the defeated countries after both

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50,000 a year at the time, was singled out for his status as a covertly professional athlete, notably for his relationship with the ski manufacturer

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who, in his speech following the Munich massacre, controversially compared the anti-Rhodesia campaign to the terrorist attack on the Olympic village

3992: 3755: 9197: 6609: 5207: 1148:, a white Australian who finished in second place, wore a human rights badge in solidarity, and was heavily criticised upon returning to Australia. 621:. The referee nonetheless declared Brousse the victor. A Swedish official protested on Mallin's behalf, and Brousse's previous opponent, Argentine 504:, refused to accept the medals when they were offered to him. The gold medals were restored to Thorpe's children in 1983, 30 years after his death. 8767: 8365: 7934: 6163: 3055: 2862: 2823: 754:

decided to boycott the Berlin Games entirely and, together with labour and socialist groups around the world, organized an alternative event, the

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Members of the Austrian biathlon team had their Olympic Village residences raided by Italian authorities, who were investigating doping charges.

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countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The

824:, despite Owens' protests. Glickman has claimed the decision was made to keep Jewish athletes off the podium "so to not embarrass Adolf Hitler". 773:

In the United States, there was considerable debate about boycotting the Games. A leading advocate of a boycott was U.S. athlete and politician

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after it was learned that he had played professional minor league baseball three years earlier. In solidarity, the decathlon silver medalist,

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had been expected, and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations but the country withdrew because of financial reasons.

8815: 6557: 1368:—who had surpassed both records to become the world record holder in both events. Walker went on to win the gold medal in the 1500 metres. 6675: 6584: 6425: 2551:

administrators and officials. As a result Gymnastics Australia, Oceania Gymnastics Union, an administrator and two judges were sanctioned.

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The bobsled events were marred by allegations of sabotage, after the steering on the United States sleds was reportedly tampered with. A

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was stripped of her silver medal won in the individual race, due to positive drug test. A two-year ban from any competition was imposed.

8315: 5893: 3962: 3716: 2605:. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities. 2476: 2327: 2286: 2087:. This is due partly to their youthful appearance, as well as a speech in 2007 by Chinese director of general administration for sport 1528:

was controversially fouled for scraping his foot against the ground, during a jump which would have won him the gold medal over Soviet

7221: 5925: 2535:, was sent home from the Tokyo Olympics after he withdrew from the competition after refusing to compete against an Israeli opponent, 406:

the race and jogged across the finish line. Upon being confronted by race officials, Lorz admitted his deception and was disqualified.

8459: 7187: 6206: 4530:"The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses—from Coubertin to Samaranch" 1642: 854: 7141: 6094: 5908: 5584: 4884: 1946:

and dragged into the crowd. De Lima recovered to take bronze, and was later awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship.

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was disqualified for a protest after he refused to accept the bronze medal at the medal ceremony. He was eventually banned for life.

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A series of ticket-related scandals plagued the organizing committee as the Games approached, resulting in widespread public anger.

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3,000) after it was revealed they had falsified their credentials in order to watch a basketball game between Serbia and Australia.

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In artistic gymnastics, judging errors and miscalculation of points in two of the three events led to a revision of the gymnastics

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was demoted to last for clicking to his horse to win encouragement. He asserted that it was a creaking saddle making the sounds.

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Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against

1923:. After performing a routine with six release skills in the high bar event final (including four in a row—three variations of 592:

was won by Belgium after the Czechoslovakia team walked off the pitch while the score was 0–2 to protest a referee's decision.

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stated, "Van de Velde now meets all the qualification requirements for the Olympic Games and is therefore part of the team."

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wrestling event. He was subsequently disqualified by the IOC, although his bronze medal was not awarded to Chinese wrestler

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The Soviet Union was invited but chose not to send any athletes, sending observers instead to prepare for the 1952 Olympics.

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The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heroes: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and The 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars

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converted to tie the game at 3–3. The Americans went on to win the match in extra time, advancing to the gold medal game.

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Johnson, Mark. (4 July 2013). Sochi 2014 Olympics Unsafe For LGBT Community Under Russia's Anti-Gay Law, Activists Warn.

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In August 2008, the government of Georgia called for a boycott of the Games in response to Russia's participation in the

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was expelled from the Olympics after a racist comment on Twitter about Koreans after Switzerland lost 2–1 to South Korea.

2164:, after a timekeeping error allowed Heidemann to score the winning point before time expired. Shin A-lam remained on the 2064:

placed his bronze medal onto the floor immediately after it was placed around his neck in protest at his loss to Italian

1825:. At the time of her admission and subsequent guilty plea, Jones was one of the most famous athletes to be linked to the 701: 269: 8610: 6116: 4725: 3356:

Russia was banned by the IOC from attending the Games due to state-sponsored doping. Their athletes participated as the

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Players for the Spanish men's basketball teams posed for a pre-Olympic newspaper advertisement in popular Spanish daily

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The various boycotts resulted in only 92 countries participating, down from 121 in 1972 and the lowest number since the

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Of the first 139 nations in the parade, the biggest cheers went to Rumania, the only Warsaw Pact nation competing here.

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The political frustrations between the Soviet Union and Hungary boiled over at the games themselves when the two men's

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disqualified a clearly dominant Holyfield. Barry eventually won the silver medal, with Holyfield settling for bronze.

574:

had been a German ally in World War I, the French-dominated International Olympic Committee transferred the Games to

82: 7737: 7023: 6745: 6296:"Greek triple jumper Paraskevi Papachristou withdrawn from Olympics following racist tweet about African immigrants" 5805: 4473: 4084:

Jews and the Olympic Games: the clash between sport and politics: with a complete review of Jewish Olympic medalists

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The Republic of China (Taiwan) withdrew their athletes due to the participation of the People's Republic of China.

10186: 10181: 9087: 9002: 8911: 8783: 8775: 8696: 7063: 6507: 4752: 3464: 3182: 1855: 1777: 1661: 1383:

also continued its boycott over the failure of the IOC to recognize its team as the sole representative of China.

902: 722: 714: 581:

Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, and Turkey were not invited to the Games, being the successor states of the

324: 92: 8582: 5406:"The Tale of Madeline and Margaret de Jesus: Twins Who Almost Got Away with It at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics" 5254: 3782: 966:. The Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland withdrew to protest the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary during the 8566: 6963: 3993:"Gov. Earl Urges U.S. Olympic Ban. He Says Here Nazis Will 'Sell' Their Philosophy to All Who Attend the Games" 3459: 1962: 1924: 1372: 962:

during which Egypt had been invaded by Israel, the United Kingdom, and France after Egypt had nationalized the

836: 687: 262: 62: 8223: 8072: 6138: 1483: 625:, complained that he had also been bitten. Brousse was disqualified, and Mallin went on to win the gold medal. 10119: 9424: 9235: 7317:"Malaysia unveils 'fiercer-looking' Olympic kit design after criticism, apology over 'cheap-looking' outfits" 5309:

The Romanians, the only Eastern bloc nation to defy the Soviet boycott, were greeted with a standing ovation.

3691: 3469: 3005: 2540: 1893:. Răducan was allowed to keep her other medals, a gold from the team competition and a silver from the vault. 1562: 1376: 1267: 971: 8341:"Why are countries boycotting the Beijing Olympics? Here's what you need to know - National | Globalnews.ca" 5611: 658:, who claimed that Nurmi had received too much money for his travel expenses. Nurmi did, however, travel to 416:

from around the world being displayed and performing in sporting events that they had not been prepared for.

9202: 9167: 8603: 8596: 8425: 7342:"New "More Striking Tiger Stripe Design" Attire for 2024 Olympic M'sian Contingent Unveiled After Backlash" 7166: 4169:

The Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker complex : an illustrated history of the seat of the Nazi regime

4082: 2631: 1996:

115,000 (the amount he would have received if he had won the gold medal) as a reward for his actions. Then-

1714: 1710: 1546: 1533: 1525: 1432: 147: 8807: 8200: 4338: 816:

were originally selected to compete in the 4x100 meter relay, but were replaced on the day of the race by

9417: 9274: 8952: 8918: 8703: 7883: 7723: 5233: 5067: 3664: 3624: 3454: 2697: 2646:

The Olympic Council of Malaysia received wide-spread online backlash in response to the release of their

2571: 2356:, an Egyptian judoka, refused to shake hands and bow to his opponent after being defeated by the Israeli 2292:

By April 2017, the Olympics had 29 Olympic medals stripped for doping violations. The leading country is

1851: 1218:

occurred, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group

1061: 426: 312: 77: 4312: 3759: 3153:, Japan, a judge in the ice dancing event tape-recorded another judge trying to pre-ordain the results. 1189:

ten days before the Games began and more than two thousand protesters were shot at by government forces.

777:, the son of a German immigrant, who was an IOC member before being expelled from the IOC for his views. 10146: 10026: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 9977: 9970: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9107: 9065: 7987: 6030: 4975: 4024: 3336: 3300: 2767: 2258: 2150: 1505: 1464: 1141: 471: 112: 107: 57: 8444: 4443: 3489: 2762:

The 1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics were cancelled due to World War II. The IOC controversially awarded

2245:

tournament became embroiled in controversy during the group stage when eight players (both pairs from

9354: 9130: 8141:"Winter Olympics 2014: Sochi Games "nothing but a monstrous scam," says Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov" 8044: 7646: 7516: 6808: 3124: 2902: 2799:

later admitted to causing the damage by accidentally backing into the shed where the sleds were kept.

2015: 1905:

in winning the team bronze. The US women's team, who had come fourth in the event, moved up to third.

1415:, the host province, incurred $ 1.5 billion in debt, which was not paid off until December 2006. The 1097: 967: 467: 122: 7542: 7465: 4862: 4810: 4623:"Passages: Lance Larson, Former World-Record Holder Controversially Denied Olympic Gold, Dies at 83" 4506: 3890: 9751: 9364: 8719: 6184: 5901: 2898: 2468: 2437: 2383: 1478:

claimed that "there is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner

1236: 1171: 1151: 987: 898: 743: 458: 42: 7056:"Joint Statement from the International Olympic Committee and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee" 6066: 2417:

Nine Australian athletes had their passports seized by Brazilian police and were fined R$ 10,000 (

2388: 9507: 7838: 5340:

Ronen, Yehudit; 'Libya (Al-Jamhāhīriyaa al-'Arabiyya al-Lībiyya ash-Sha‘biyya al-Ishtirākiyya)’;

2962: 2640: 1262:, a German impostor entered the stadium to the cheers of the stadium ahead of the actual winner, 1219: 909:, Finland, the runner-up in the original bidding process, but the Games were not held due to the 751: 571: 6585:"Thailand go down to Japan in close battle amidst controversial referee's decision - The Nation" 6251: 3734: 2987:. However, after the city's voters rejected partially funding the Games, they were relocated to 1829:. The case against BALCO covered more than 20 top level athletes, including Jones's ex-husband, 9492: 9230: 9184: 9162: 9150: 8945: 8677: 7699: 4057: 4051: 3289: 2763: 2630:

Representatives of the organizations Safe Space Club and Right to Equality have criticized the

2464: 2146: 1494:" occurred at the 1980 Summer Olympics as a runner was transfused with two units of blood (i.e. 1197: 439: 380: 188: 152: 142: 67: 7789: 7431: 5483: 5041: 4774: 4562: 9512: 7397: 5930: 5915:; the WADA moved the substance to the Monitoring List to assess in-competition use and abuse. 5185: 5009: 4673: 3840: 3834: 3435: 2615:

of athletes. Khelif filed a criminal complaint in France against unspecified individuals for

1440: 1108: 846: 839: 747: 520: 320: 245: 6232: 5890: 3970: 2289:, the governing body for Olympic boxing, overturned the result following an appeal by Japan. 2175:, Japan was promoted to the silver medal position after successfully lodging an appeal over 1498:

two pints or about 950 ml) before winning medals in the 5,000 m and 10,000 m.

10108: 9918: 9911: 9904: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9796: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9760: 9739: 9732: 9725: 9718: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9610: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9537: 9347: 9337: 9020: 8653: 8637: 6117:"Daily Times – Leading news resource of Pakistan – Abrahamian faces rap for binning bronze" 5535: 5387:"In 1984, These Puerto Rican Twins Hatched an Insane Plan to Switch Places at the Olympics" 5238: 3669: 3312: 3264: 3146: 3004:(The Republic of China) did not participate in the Games over the IOC's recognition of the 2980: 2954: 2734:, who had won seven medals at the previous two Olympics, refused to participate in disgust. 2598: 2594: 2418: 2274: 1993: 1958: 1954: 1859: 1822: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1387: 1365: 970:

and the Soviet presence at the Games. Less than two weeks before the Opening Ceremony, the

918: 755: 718: 695: 534: 302: 298: 178: 173: 6426:"Controversy mars Americans' 4–3 win over Canada, but shouldn't detract from a great game" 4958:

Golan, Galia; Soviet Policies in the Middle East: From World War Two to Gorbachev; p. 193

1204:

before the shooting portion, disqualifying the Swedish team from their third place finish.

798: 8: 9939: 9043: 8727: 7267:"Paris Olympics 2024: Malaysia agrees to redesign official kit after widespread ridicule" 6773:"CAS Rio: The CAS ad hoc division in Rio closes with a total of 28 procedures registered" 5905: 5291: 4892: 2635: 2484: 2132: 2027: 1934:

While leading in the men's marathon with less than 10 kilometres to go, Brazilian runner

1578: 1186: 1053: 671: 219: 183: 7110:"Algerian judoka Fethi Nourine suspended and sent home for withdrawing to avoid Israeli" 1988:

was disqualified after he was found to be overweight before a judo bout against Israeli

675: 508: 9485: 8248: 8228: 7192: 5570: 5326: 5259: 3363:

Kei Saito, a Japanese Short Track Speed Skater was suspended after being caught doping.

3296: 3201: 2575: 1798: 1653:

did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations. The participation of

1167: 1112: 413: 250: 229: 8049: 5556: 3444:

government delegates did not attend the Olympics but still sent their team to compete.

3311:

budget to expand to US$ 51 billion, surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the

2665:

In the 500 meter speed skating race, the Norwegian team contended the event had been

1882: 913:. Ultimately, the Olympic Games were suspended indefinitely following the outbreak of 736: 655: 511:

became the first Olympic athlete to die in competition after collapsing on the track.

10080: 7437: 7403: 7292:""Who approved the design?" - Malaysia's 2024 Olympic Paris attire draws flak online" 7197: 6603: 6452:"London 2012 soccer: Controversial call against Canada in U.S. semifinal rarely made" 5646: 5487: 5476: 5098: 5047: 5013: 5002: 4959: 4568: 4291: 4285: 4241: 4172: 4088: 4061: 3844: 3710: 2916: 2522: 2456: 2429: 2188: 2053: 1997: 1935: 1597: 1582: 1509: 1475: 1448: 1416: 1397: 1394: 901:. The government of Japan abandoned its support for the 1940 Games in July 1938. The 873: 774: 767: 462: 409: 294: 4799:

http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/sports_globetrotting/2008/10/marathon-men-th.htm

4564:

Total Olympics: Every Obscure, Hilarious, Dramatic, and Inspiring Tale Worth Knowing

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had famously said: "The Olympics can no more lose money than a man can have a baby."

1295: 1140:

first and third respectively, performed the "Power to the People" salute during the

952: 9502: 9457: 9015: 8839: 8661: 6474: 5296: 4811:"The Montreal Olympics boycott | NZHistory.net.nz, New Zealand history online" 4236:

13 February 2002 from History News Network (article excerpted from Rick Shenkman's

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in 1933, the plans for the Olympic Games became entangled with the politics of the

354: 8316:"Australia, UK and Canada join diplomatic boycott of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics" 6525: 6390: 6368: 6269: 6164:"Handball-S.Korea's appeal against Norway win rejected – Olympics – Yahoo! Sports" 4218: 1890: 1299:

Countries boycotting the 1976 (yellow), 1980 (blue) and 1984 (red) Summer Olympics

766:. The event did not take place however; just as the Games were about to begin the 10160: 9329: 9284: 9240: 9172: 9092: 9010: 8743: 7845: 7094: 6978:"Michael Conlan calls out Vladimir Putin in first tweet since controversial loss" 6733: 5912: 5897: 5589: 4501: 3891:"Women's 800-meter run causes controversy on this day in Olympic history in 1928" 3431: 3387: 3383: 3193: 3165: 3161: 3024: 2881: 2691:

was leading the competition, having outskated Norwegian defending world champion

2670: 2389:

various punishments and suspensions relating to their conduct during the incident

2270: 2165: 2065: 1886: 1843: 1748: 1744: 1729: 1279: 1215: 794: 622: 512: 501: 447: 137: 72: 7961:"Despite 2002 bribery scandal, Salt Lake City aims to host 2030 Winter Olympics" 7123: 6701: 6583:

Thailand, Nation Multimedia Group Public Company Limited, Nationmultimedia.com.

1540: 1282:

and handling their silver medals disrespectfully. According to the story in the

643: 383:

to throw three of his attempts into the crowd. Swimming events were held in the

9475: 9369: 9324: 9319: 8980: 8669: 7570:"The appalling decision to award the ill-fated 1940 Winter Olympics to Germany" 5726:"OLYMPICS / Barcelona 1992: Athletics: Kenyan outcry over Skah's reinstatement" 5639:"THREE OLYMPIANS FAIL DRUG TESTS BRITISH TEAM SUSPENDS SPRINTER, WEIGHTLIFTERS" 5513: 5077: 3997: 3423: 3400:

then pulled out, with the process continued with the two remaining candidates (

3326: 3188:

Two sets of gold medals were awarded in pairs figure skating, to Canadian pair

3128: 3028: 3009: 2950: 2756: 2749: 2544: 2502: 2487: 2403: 2319: 2088: 2061: 2023: 2007: 1837: 1549:: The Soviet Union and fourteen of its allies boycotted the 1984 Games held in 1230: 1159: 887: 869: 821: 813: 582: 443: 402: 214: 132: 7816:"When Denver rejected the Olympics in favour of the environment and economics" 7222:"Dutch Olympic organizers stand by qualification of athlete convicted of rape" 6945: 6834:"Dez atletas australianos são detidos após tentativa de adulterar credenciais" 6624:"Volleyball drama: FIVB refuses to evaluate judge who gave Thailand red cards" 5977: 5673:"You can keep your medal: Sarita Devi is not alone, others have said 'no' too" 2995: 2939:

event were disqualified for illegally heating their runners prior to each run.

2704: 2102: 1885:

became the first gymnast to be stripped of a medal after testing positive for

1664:

was stripped of his gold medal for the 100 metres when he tested positive for

1529: 375:, organizers did not allow enough room for throwing events, leading Hungarian 10170: 9480: 9465: 9374: 9292: 9035: 8968: 7201: 7142:"Decision of the Disciplinary Commission of the Gymnastics Ethics Foundation" 6650:"Olympics ethics committee warns Egyptian judoka Shehabi - Egypt Independent" 5751:"THROWBACK: When a "robbery in Atlanta" denied Onyok Velasco an Olympic Gold" 5650: 3568:"How the 1904 Marathon Became One of the Weirdest Olympic Events of All Time" 3427: 3216: 3172: 3150: 3120: 3117: 3113: 2731: 2692: 2688: 2620: 2616: 2528: 2395: 2032: 1897: 1875: 1870: 1863: 1826: 1784: 1759: 1687: 1680: 1263: 618: 542: 290: 224: 204: 97: 34: 7188:"Dutch Olympic Organizers Defend Participation of Athlete Convicted of Rape" 6892:"Mongolian wrestling coaches go nuts, strip down after unfavorable decision" 3299:, began calling for a boycott of the Games due to oppressive and homophobic 3204:, after allegations of collusion among judges in favour of the Russian pair. 3189: 395: 10068: 9312: 9302: 9192: 9097: 8265:"Japanese speed skater Kei Saito suspended from Winter Olympics for doping" 7820: 6981: 6252:"In Quest for Gold and Glory at Olympics, China Pressures Injured Athletes" 4914: 4833:"BBC ON THIS DAY | 17 | 1976: African countries boycott Olympics" 3304: 2932: 2924: 2796: 2745: 2722:. A solution was found where the land for the bobsledding run would become 2608: 2536: 2494: 2452: 2375: 2371: 2282: 2231: 2180: 2084: 1978: 1813: 1758:

label and were banned from team events due to the country's conduct in the

1620: 1554: 1491: 1468: 1436: 1419: 1353: 1163: 1145: 1129: 1065: 1042: 1034:", and marched in the opening ceremony with a sign reading "Under Protest". 998: 994: 914: 865: 802: 790: 726: 691: 610: 357:

won the bronze medal, but later admitted to covering part of the course by

6003:"Was there ANOTHER MISTAKE MADE in the 2004 men's Olympic all-around??? -" 5842: 4536: 2718:, which caused controversy as the club had an exclusionary policy towards 2079:

Questions have been raised about the ages of two Chinese female gymnasts,

1192:

The first Olympic disqualification for a banned substance occurred in the

827:

Hitler's decision not to shake hands with American long-jump medal winner

10049: 9497: 9470: 9359: 6344:"Fencing Controversy Causes South Korea's Shin A Lam To Protest on Piste" 6071: 5072: 3220: 3097: 2738: 2723: 2711: 2674: 2666: 2379: 2367: 2227: 2207: 2139: 2119: 1833: 1792: 1740: 1722: 1676: 1672: 1609: 1566: 1550: 1522: 1357: 1329: 1317: 1271: 1182: 1133: 1104: 1082: 1046: 959: 932: 925: 828: 817: 809: 785: 705: 659: 650: 546: 433: 384: 209: 8429: 7090:"Algerian judoka sent home from Olympics after refusing to face Israeli" 5355:

The Cold War and the 1984 Olympic Games: A Soviet-American Surrogate War

3866:"Not just Chariots of Fire: the forgotten heroes of 1924 Paris Olympics" 3808:"Belgium win dramatic Olympic football final after Czechoslovak tantrum" 3344: 3044: 2851: 2812: 2752:

could not compete in the Olympics due to being considered professionals.

1747:

for the gold medal; with three laps remaining they both lapped Moroccan

1085:

withdrew after the IOC decision to ban teams that took part in the 1963

8855: 8474: 8290:"Lithuania confirms diplomatic boycott of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics" 7171: 4458: 3303:, including the open acknowledgement of gay identities, the display of 3154: 2775: 2634:

and Dutch Olympic organizers' decision to allow convicted child rapist

2602: 2425: 2363: 2278: 2157: 1972:

stepped on the first hurdle, tumbling to the ground and taking Russian

1943: 1939: 1665: 1646: 1619:

One third of the United States cycling team was found to have received

1586: 1502: 982: 963: 910: 781: 497: 489: 328: 8013:"Luger Nodar Kumaritashvili's death 'unforeseeable' – official report" 6946:"Rio Olympics 2016: Boxing judges are 'crazy' over new scoring system" 5946:"London 2012: Gymnastic gold for true flying Dutchman Epke Zonderland" 2281:

six times in the third round. The referee, Ishanguly Meretnyyazov of

1222:. Eleven athletes, coaches and judges were murdered by the terrorists. 717:(IOC) selected the German capital city Berlin as the host city of the 8392:"Japan to quietly snub Beijing Olympics, but won't call it a boycott" 7167:"Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?" 6540:"Olympic boxing: referee sent home after Satoshi Shimizu wins appeal" 3419: 3411: 2988: 2624: 2357: 2254: 2143: 2106: 1989: 1699: 1650: 1613: 1459:

which had also featured 80 countries. A substitute event, titled the

1401: 1341: 1313: 1078: 1006: 993:

The advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of the

763: 759: 732: 708:

on the podium after winning the long jump at the 1936 Summer Olympics

614: 563: 527: 516: 493: 332: 8193:"Lebanese Olympic Skier Jackie Chamoun Topless Photos Cause Scandal" 7651:

Cultural Imperialism in Action Critiques in the Global Olympic Trust

5004:

Doping in Élite Sport: The Politics of Drugs in the Olympic Movement

3969:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. June 2013. Archived from 3929: 3090: 371:

The Games were considered a planning and organizational failure. In

9297: 8987: 8366:"Japan PM will not attend Beijing Winter Olympics opening ceremony" 8224:"Russia's Doping Program Laid Bare by Extensive Evidence in Report" 7673:"Milne, 19, Loses Control at 60 M.P.H. and Runs Into Tree in DriII" 6862: 5900:, pseudoephedrine was not considered a prohibited substance by the 4392:"Why the Olympics Are a Source of Pride—and Frustration—for Taiwan" 4053:

The games must go on : Avery Brundage and the Olympic Movement

3168:

being found in his system. The IOC reinstated the medal days later.

3020:

Summer Games for the same reason. It returned to the Games in 1984.

3013: 2920: 2766:, Germany hosting rights on June 9, 1939, fifteen months after the 2612: 2433: 2342: 2203: 2080: 2073: 1830: 1361: 1349: 1225: 906: 801:. The only Jewish athlete to compete on the German team was fencer 559: 475: 358: 308: 117: 6676:"Polícia Federal retira nadadores americanos de avião para os EUA" 4231: 2949:

Austrian skier Karl Schranz, a vocal critic of then-IOC president

2842: 2410:

filed an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport against the

2112:

China was criticized for their state run athlete training program.

1627: 1405: 1060:

event after fracturing his skull. The death was blamed by some on

8863: 7647:"The Bobsled Controversy and Squaw Valley's Olympic Winter Games" 6322:"Greek athlete suspended from Olympic team for offensive remarks" 6095:"Spanish Olympic basketball team in 'racist' photo row – CNN.com" 5473: 4596:"Blast from the past: Modern Pentathlon misery for Tunisian trio" 3405: 3322: 3316: 3227: 2958: 2919:

achieved a clean sweep of the then-three alpine skiing medals at

2782: 2771: 2480: 1928: 1878:, who fell and had to be carried off the mat after being injured. 1325: 1321: 1031: 953:

1956 Summer Olympics – Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden

575: 336: 316: 8937: 6558:"Controversial Win For Japan Over Thailand in Olympic Qualifier" 6017:"Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima é homenageado por medalha de Atenas" 5776:"Boxing at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games: Men's Light-Flyweight" 4194:"Hitler's Olympics: Jewish runners 'betrayed' by U.S. Athletics" 2681: 2300: 2238:

responded by stating that the refereeing decisions were correct.

2226:, a time-wasting call was made against the Canadian goalkeeper, 629: 323:

the Games on various occasions, either as a protest against the

319:, has regularly affected the Olympic Games. Some countries have 305:

have been the subject of scandals, controversies and incidents.

8645: 6391:"Olympic gymnastics: Why does bronze mean so much for Britain?" 3415: 3401: 3017: 3001: 2590: 2019: 1770: 1444: 1412: 1333: 1086: 975: 538: 388: 8313: 6856:"Wrestling - Men's Freestyle 65 kg - Match Number 398 - Mat B" 6489:"Christine Sinclair's suspension wasn't for comments to media" 5450:"About one-third of the U.S. Olympic cycling team received..." 4701:"Friday Flashback: Sometimes Being First Doesn't Mean Victory" 4287:

Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics

3035: 2882:

1960 Winter Olympics – Squaw Valley, California, United States

1463:, often referred to as Olympic Boycott Games, was held at the 1426: 1208: 7910:"Albertville; Swiss speed skier killed during a practice run" 3839:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. pp. 3441: 3132: 3107: 3027:

was built with the goal of subsequently converting it into a

2338: 2160:

lost the semifinal match in the individual épée to Germany's

2153:

after posting a racially insensitive comment on social media.

1902: 1541:

1984 Summer Olympics – Los Angeles, California, United States

1487: 1380: 1345: 1119: 1005:

Due to quarantine issues, the equestrian events were held in

978:(Taiwan) being allowed to compete (under the name "Formosa"). 894: 644:

1932 Summer Olympics – Los Angeles, California, United States

7248:"Malaysia to redesign 'ugly' Olympic kit after fan backlash" 6365:"Olympics fencing: Tearful Shin A Lam denied chance at gold" 5208:"Australia demands probe of triple jump final at 1980 Games" 2973: 2891: 2757:

1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics (not held due to World War II)

2026:

from Sweden, Svensson witnessed how the Russian team leader

888:

1940 and 1944 Summer Olympics (not held due to World War II)

6526:"Olympics badminton: Eight women disqualified from doubles" 3397: 3251: 3219:, were disqualified after blood tests indicated the use of 2996:

1980 Winter Olympics – Lake Placid, New York, United States

2936: 2719: 2705:

1932 Winter Olympics – Lake Placid, New York, United States

2347: 2235: 2098: 1806: 1634: 1514: 1337: 1201: 942: 850: 567: 482: 420: 5226: 5152:"Style, Love, Home, Horoscopes & more - MSN Lifestyle" 4649:"The Morality Myth Behind the Modern Anti-Doping Movement" 4535:. Comité International Pierre De Coubertin. Archived from 3307:

and public displays of affection between same-sex couples.

3173:

2002 Winter Olympics – Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

2909: 2659: 2398:

broke the world record in the snatch weightlifting of the

1869:

In the Women's artistic gymnastics, Australian competitor

1290: 553: 4117:"German film helps Jewish athlete right historical wrong" 3074: 2547:

were banned from international competition for ten years.

1692: 682: 396:

1904 Summer Olympics – St. Louis, Missouri, United States

4171:. Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co. pp. 47–48. 3594:"Remembering the Anthropology Days at the 1904 Olympics" 3367: 3135:-sanctioned events and from becoming a sanctioned coach. 3103:

died after crashing into a snow machine during practice.

2943: 2312:

Russian doping scandal and participation restrictions -

2039: 1909: 1585:

ended in controversy, when referee Grigorije Novičić of

1096:

South Africa was suspended from the Olympics due to its

347: 4233:

Adolf Hitler, Jesse Owens and the Olympics Myth of 1936

3272: 3230:

scandal, which led to the expulsion of six IOC members.

3139: 2555: 1862:

from its record books, and requested the return of his

897:, Japan, but were cancelled due to the outbreak of the 596: 365: 8090: 7492:"Jews Win Fight Against Anti-semitic Lake Placid Club" 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3374:

Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics

3351:

Concerns and controversies at the 2018 Winter Olympics

3279:

Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics

3258:

Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Winter Olympics

3234: 3179:

Doping at the Olympic Games § 2002 Salt Lake City

3081:

Concerns and controversies at the 1988 Winter Olympics

3008:

as "China", and its request for Taiwan to compete as "

2991:, Austria. Innsbruck previously hosted the 1964 Games. 2905:. There were complaints that the tracks were not safe. 2803: 2739:

1936 Winter Olympics – Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

2562:

Concerns and controversies at the 2024 Summer Olympics

2516:

Concerns and controversies at the 2020 Summer Olympics

2509: 2307:

Concerns and controversies at the 2016 Summer Olympics

2126:

Concerns and controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics

2120:

2012 Summer Olympics – London, England, United Kingdom

2046:

Concerns and controversies at the 2008 Summer Olympics

1633:

The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally,

1072: 926:

1948 Summer Olympics – London, England, United Kingdom

893:

The 1940 Summer Olympics were scheduled to be held in

694:

arriving at the opening ceremony of the controversial

434:

1908 Summer Olympics – London, England, United Kingdom

10144: 4238:

Legends, Lies and Cherished Myths of American History

3963:"The Movement to Boycott the Berlin Olympics of 1936" 3345:

2018 Winter Olympics – PyeongChang, Republic of Korea

2218:

During the semi-final women's football match between

1270:

coverage of the event, the guest commentator, writer

1013: 872:. Instead of disqualification, Merkens was fined 100 6270:"London 2012: North Koreans walk off after flag row" 5864:

Schmidt, Michael S.; Zinser, Lynn (5 October 2007).

5841:. Associated Press. 12 December 2007. Archived from 5478:

Historical Dictionary of the Modern Olympic Movement

3430:

applied diplomatic boycotts to the Games due to the

1649:

did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC.

1162:

and the controversial decision by the judges on the

1107:

was arrested for allegedly stealing a flag from the

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Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents

7029:. Court of Arbitration for Sport. 8 December 2016. 6996:"Number of Olympic boxing judges dropped from duty" 5904:. The drug was removed from the prohibited list in 3642: 2714:venue was set to be constructed on the land of the 2031:Svensson the referee had received over one million 1274:, famously called to Shorter "It's a fraud, Frank." 780:International concern surrounded the ruling German 8314:Ben Westcott and Caitlin McGee (8 December 2021). 7988:"Georgia luger, 21, dies in Whistler training run" 5475: 5369:"Boxing; U.S. Protest of Holyfield Loss is Denied" 5001: 4915:"BBC – h2g2 – A Guide To Olympic Sports – Fencing" 4017: 3295:In mid-2013, a number of organizations, including 1700:1992 Summer Olympics – Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 528:1916 Summer Olympics (not held due to World War I) 8872:Attempted repatriation of Krystsina Tsimanouskaya 7010:"Olympic Boxing: Judges sent home amid criticism" 6508:"The greatest game of women's soccer ever played" 5467: 4259:"Owens Arrives With Kind Words For All Officials" 4029:The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936 (Online Exhibition) 3515:"Paris almost put an end to the Olympic movement" 3091:1992 Winter Olympics – Tignes-Albertville, France 2897:Two athletes died during training: British luger 2687:In the 10,000-meter speed skating race, American 2447:Controversy surrounded the new judging system in 1717:, were sent home after being tested positive for 1439:instigated a boycott of the games to protest the 770:broke out and the People's Olympiad was canceled. 335:. Other controversies have included decisions by 10168: 8262: 6798:"CAS OG 16/28 Behdad Salimi & NOCIRI v. IWF" 6746:"Iran files application to CAS on Salimi's case" 6249: 5425:"Drama and heartbreak in the 1984 Olympic 3000m" 5094:Olympic Sports and Propaganda Games: Moscow 1980 4494: 4488: 4417:"Cold War violence erupts at Melbourne Olympics" 4219:The 1936 Berlin Olympics: Hitler and Jesse Owens 4056:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 3957: 3955: 3783:"The Truth About The First Modern Olympic Death" 3625:"Timeline: Politics and Protest at the Olympics" 3031:. Athletes and activists protested the decision. 1671:In a highly controversial 3–2 judge's decision, 974:also chose to boycott the event, protesting the 545:, but were cancelled because of the outbreak of 8420:Moran, Michael; Bajoria, Jayshree; et al. 3826: 3226:Salt Lake City's bid committee was caught in a 2843:1956 Winter Olympics – Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy 2669:incorrectly in favor of American gold medalist 1968:In the women's 100m hurdles, Canadian sprinter 1816:was stripped of five medals after admitting to 1628:1988 Summer Olympics – Seoul, Republic of Korea 8245:"Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C." 7859:"Why the 1980 Olympic Village Is Now a Prison" 7254:. National Broadcasting Company. 28 June 2024. 5509:"CUBANS TURN THEIR BACK ON THE SEOUL OLYMPICS" 4310: 3386:in Prague, 4 February 2022. The banner reads " 2783:1948 Winter Olympics – St. Moritz, Switzerland 461:was disqualified for blocking British athlete 8953: 8460: 7890:, Knight Ridder, p. 29, 13 February 1987 7756: 7543:"Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936 Winter Olympics" 7124:"Algerian judoka & coach get 10-year ban" 6964:"Olympic heavyweight final booed at Rio 2016" 6233:"Chinese gymnast endured childhood sacrifice" 6230: 5863: 5829: 5827: 5798: 5322:"Iran Announces Boycott of the 1984 Olympics" 5033: 4143:"'Hitler's Pawn' on HBO: An Olympic Betrayal" 3952: 3729: 3727: 3566:Abbott, Karen; Wexler, Ellen (27 June 2024). 2748:boycotted the event after the IOC ruled that 2682:1928 Winter Olympics – St Moritz, Switzerland 2424:During the second bronze medal match between 2301:2016 Summer Olympics – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1848:History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations 917:and did not resume until the London Games of 630:1928 Summer Olympics – Amsterdam, Netherlands 270: 7372:"6 Scandals That Rocked the Winter Olympics" 6917:"Olympic coaches strip in front of everyone" 6608:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6139:"Issues raised about Chinese athletes' ages" 6060: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6031:"IFC: Ref made six errors in favor of Italy" 5768: 5692: 5690: 5474:John E. Findling; Kimberly D. Pelle (1996). 5090: 4993: 4441: 4362: 3735:"International Olympic Committee – Athletes" 3565: 2394:During the weightlifting tournament, Iran's 1771:1996 Summer Olympics – Atlanta, Georgia, USA 1356:—the former world record holder in both the 831:has been widely interpreted as a snub of an 412:, an unofficial part of the Games, involved 8926:Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics 7621:"Post-war Olympic camaraderie in St Moritz" 6940: 6938: 5971:"CAS Arbitral Award: Yang Tae-Young v. FIG" 5857: 5127:"Top 10 Scandals in Summer Olympic History" 4999: 4907: 4567:. Workman Publishing Company. p. 120. 4336: 4114: 4080: 3836:The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games 3539: 3036:1984 Winter Olympics – Sarajevo, Yugoslavia 2105:was banned for life from any international 1536:demanded an investigation into the results. 1427:1980 Summer Olympics – Moscow, Soviet Union 1209:1972 Summer Olympics – Munich, West Germany 602:Germany was again not invited to the Games. 10073: 8960: 8946: 8467: 8453: 8236: 8215: 7935:"Ice Dancers Struggle To Prove Legitimacy" 7466:"Antisemitism at the 1932 Winter Olympics" 6224: 6087: 5866:"Jones Pleads Guilty to Lying About Drugs" 5835:"IOC strips Jones of all 5 Olympic medals" 5824: 5068:"Kozakiewicz Sets World Pole Vault Record" 4742: 4160: 3724: 3108:1994 Winter Olympics – Lillehammer, Norway 2580:New Zealand women's national football team 2475:quarter-final, after which Conlan accused 2328:Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games 2257:) were ejected from the tournament by the 1120:1968 Summer Olympics – Mexico City, Mexico 864:In the cycling match sprint final, German 617:on his chest inflicted by French opponent 277: 263: 8832:Sochi Ladies' singles judging controversy 8167:"The Sochi Olympics: Castles in the sand" 7738:"JEAN-CLAUDE WINS THE BATTLE AND THE WAR" 7645:Wakefield, Wanda Ellen (1 January 2006). 7644: 6185:"Cuban banned for referee kick – Reuters" 6049: 5943: 5723: 5696: 5687: 5422: 5039: 4444:"Blood in the Water at the 1956 Olympics" 4031:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 3863: 3490:"Olympic Marathon Athens 1896 I Olympiad" 2974:1976 Winter Olympics – Innsbruck, Austria 2892:1964 Winter Olympics – Innsbruck, Austria 2269:early round boxing match, Japanese boxer 1170:, turned her head down and away from the 1100:. The suspension would be lifted in 1992. 855:National Athletic and Cycling Association 649:Nine-time Finnish Olympic gold medallist 8419: 8138: 7433:The International Jewish Sports Hall ... 7430:Siegman, Joseph M. (15 September 1906). 7423: 7389: 7365: 7363: 6935: 6727:Temp Weightlifting Men's +105 kg Results 5934:, 29 April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2010 5636: 5506: 5403: 4935: 4698: 4365:"Japan Abandons Olympics Because of War" 4304: 4140: 4049: 3832: 3622: 3377: 3252:2010 Winter Olympics – Vancouver, Canada 2593:and to prevent its participation in the 1807:2000 Summer Olympics – Sydney, Australia 1294: 1246:controversial gold medal basketball game 943:1952 Summer Olympics – Helsinki, Finland 700: 686: 483:1912 Summer Olympics – Stockholm, Sweden 421:1906 Intercalated Games – Athens, Greece 18:Olympic Games scandals and controversies 10063: 10061: 10059: 10057: 9938: 8752:Basketball gold medal match controversy 8712:Football match between Peru and Austria 8073:"Lawmakers want Olympics out of Russia" 8070: 7985: 7907: 7735: 7697: 7463: 7429: 7395: 7369: 6064: 5670: 5482:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 5097:. Transaction Publishers. p. 183. 5043:Erythropoietin: Blood, Brain and Beyond 5000:Wilson, Wayne (PhD); Derse, Ed (2001). 4938:"Quebec's Big Owe stadium debt is over" 4332: 4330: 4290:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 4191: 4074: 4043: 3665:"Politics no stranger to Olympic Games" 2910:1968 Winter Olympics – Grenoble, France 2660:1924 Winter Olympics – Chamonix, France 2479:and the Russian team of cheating, even 2012:men's Greco-Roman wrestling 84 kg class 1691:25 points. Louganis had been diagnosed 1291:1976 Summer Olympics – Montreal, Canada 1089:and a three-year violent conflict, the 857:for refusing to restrict itself to the 554:1920 Summer Olympics – Antwerp, Belgium 492:was stripped of his gold medals in the 14: 10169: 8848:Ireland Summer Olympics ticket scandal 8159: 7489: 5926:IOC strips China of gymnastics bronze 5366: 5287:"'84 Olympics: Gala trumpets in Games" 5252: 5124: 5046:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 187. 4646: 4620: 4389: 4311:O'Sullivan, Patrick T. (Spring 1998). 4283: 4166: 3927: 3921: 3715:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3623:Maizland, Lindsay (17 December 2021). 3618: 3616: 3614: 3301:legislation that bans 'gay propaganda' 3075:1988 Winter Olympics – Calgary, Canada 2531:, an Algerian judoka competing in the 2501:at the Games for testing positive for 2412:International Weightlifting Federation 1812:In December 2007, American track star 1371:Canada initially refused to allow the 1136:, two black athletes who finished the 735:was not invited by Germany due to the 683:1936 Summer Olympics – Berlin, Germany 665:Finland-Sweden athletics international 9937: 9529: 8941: 8720:"Blood in the Water" water polo match 8448: 8040:"Putin Faces Green Olympic Challenge" 8005: 7979: 7953: 7856: 7850: 7782: 7691: 7665: 7638: 7618: 7612: 7587: 7561: 7535: 7509: 7483: 7457: 7360: 7264: 7214: 7185: 7179: 7164: 7036:from the original on 22 December 2016 6505: 6136: 5806:"Boxing's Big Need: Spray or Roll-On" 5507:Janofsky, Michael (16 January 1988). 5379: 4560: 3591: 3542:"Olympics' past was less than golden" 3368:2022 Winter Olympics – Beijing, China 3340:disqualified, with 13 medals removed. 3207:Three cross-country skiers, Spaniard 2944:1972 Winter Olympics – Sapporo, Japan 2578:to spy on a training session for the 2040:2008 Summer Olympics – Beijing, China 1910:2004 Summer Olympics – Athens, Greece 1776:The 1996 Olympics were marred by the 1306:New Zealand national rugby union team 1255:, also known as the Forgotten Salute. 1064:, and acted as an impetus for future 742:Under the proposal of the autonomous 446:, but was not allowed to display the 348:1896 Summer Olympics – Athens, Greece 10127: 10054: 10042: 9061:Medal table leaders by Olympic Games 8243:Ruiz, Rebecca R. (5 December 2017). 8242: 8222:Ruiz, Rebecca R. (9 December 2016). 8221: 8071:Hefling, Kimberly (15 August 2008). 8037: 7986:Roenigk, Alyssa (12 February 2010). 7908:Eskenaz, Gerald (23 February 1992). 7764:"They Said It - 02.14.72 - SI Vault" 7567: 7517:"Speed Skating 101: Olympic history" 7490:Kamins, Toni L. (23 November 1930). 7370:Kennedy, Lesley (22 December 2021). 6836:. Folha de São Paulo. 20 August 2016 6770: 6582: 6067:"Pelle Svensson: Jag blev mordhotad" 5442: 5416: 5284: 5200: 4692: 4666: 4640: 4614: 4588: 4554: 4521: 4383: 4327: 4185: 3930:"Why Grandpa boycotted the Olympics" 3883: 3857: 3800: 3780: 3774: 3273:2014 Winter Olympics – Sochi, Russia 3140:1998 Winter Olympics – Nagano, Japan 3039: 2846: 2807: 2556:2024 Summer Olympics – Paris, France 2497:was stripped of the silver medal in 2402:, but was later disqualified in the 1754:Yugoslavia had to compete under the 1474:A 1989 report by a committee of the 1312:, controversial due to the regime's 1030:was made to compete under the name " 597:1924 Summer Olympics – Paris, France 366:1900 Summer Olympics – Paris, France 7698:Weinman, Jaime (12 February 2010). 7154:from the original on 13 March 2023. 5423:Henderson, Jason (10 August 2023). 4976:"Doping violations at the Olympics" 4825: 4699:Gerstner, Joanne C. (18 May 2012). 4527: 3611: 3585: 3559: 3533: 3507: 3482: 3235:2006 Winter Olympics – Turin, Italy 3160:Canadian gold medalist snowboarder 2804:1952 Winter Olympics – Oslo, Norway 2510:2020 Summer Olympics – Tokyo, Japan 2463:gold-medal fight and the defeat of 2095:confirmed the results of the match. 1858:removed Armstrong's results in the 1840:, the father of Jones' first child. 1783:A gold medal boxing match in which 1196:competition, after Swedish athlete 1073:1964 Summer Olympics – Tokyo, Japan 585:which were defeated in World War I. 24: 8896:Canada Soccer drone spying scandal 8139:Bennetts, Marc (19 January 2014). 7828:from the original on 21 June 2023. 7464:Metraux, Julia (24 January 2022). 7070:from the original on 19 April 2020 6469:"FIFA to probe Canadian remarks". 6065:Sjöberg, Daniel (14 August 2008). 5671:Magotra, Ashish (3 October 2014). 5637:Drozdiak, William (31 July 1992). 4337:Hollandbeck, Andy (26 July 2024). 4221:, German Myth 10, german.about.com 3756:"AbeBooks: Crisis at the Olympics" 2928:time, and gave the medal to Killy. 2654: 2568:Canada Soccer drone spying scandal 2408:Iranian National Olympic Committee 2324:Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics 2262:longest rally was just four shots. 1471:by 29 of the boycotting countries. 1014:1960 Summer Olympics – Rome, Italy 881:one of the football quarter-finals 861:rather than the island of Ireland. 342: 25: 10198: 9530: 9508:1906 Intercalated Games 8967: 8413: 7736:Jenkins, Dan (26 February 1968). 6250:Howard W. French (20 June 2008). 5724:Rowbottam, Mike (4 August 1992). 5697:Buchalter, Bill (5 August 1992). 5404:Tomizawa, Roy (5 November 2017). 5040:Sytkowski, Arthur J. (May 2006). 4621:Rieder, David (24 January 2024). 4495:Benjamin, Daniel (27 July 1992). 4390:Guzman, Chad de (8 August 2024). 4313:"Ireland & the Olympic Games" 4141:Sandomir, Richard (7 July 2004). 3540:Steelhammer, Rick (2 July 2024). 1705:Three British athletes, sprinter 1266:of the United States. During the 562:had initially been selected over 519:, heart problems, and a possible 10154: 10126: 10115: 10114: 10102: 9988: 9750: 9391:Art competitions at the Olympics 9208:lighters of the Olympic cauldron 9026:International sports federations 8646:Games of the New Emerging Forces 8384: 8358: 8333: 8307: 8282: 8256: 8185: 8132: 8120: 8108: 8083: 8064: 8031: 7927: 7901: 7876: 7832: 7808: 7729: 7717: 7619:James, Helen (3 February 2018). 7334: 7309: 7284: 7258: 7240: 7158: 7134: 7116: 7102: 7082: 7048: 7016: 7002: 6988: 6970: 6956: 6909: 6884: 6865:. 21 August 2016. Archived from 6848: 6826: 6790: 6764: 6738: 6720: 6694: 6668: 6642: 6616: 6576: 6550: 6532: 6518: 6499: 6481: 6462: 6444: 6418: 6404: 6383: 6357: 6336: 6314: 6288: 6262: 6243: 6199: 6177: 6156: 6130: 6109: 5367:Alfano, Peter (11 August 1984). 5255:"President and Pomp Begin Games" 4889:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 4726:"1972: Rhodesia out of Olympics" 4240:, William Morrow & Co, 1988 4115:Hipsh, Rami (25 November 2009). 3864:Duncanson, Neil (17 July 2024). 3043: 2850: 2811: 2493:In December 2016, Russian boxer 1921:men's horizontal bar competition 1756:Independent Olympic Participants 1455:and the lowest number since the 1253:1972 Olympics Black Power salute 1126:1968 Olympics Black Power salute 1091:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 1087:Games of the New Emerging Forces 523:are thought to have contributed. 41: 8912:List of stripped Olympic medals 8776:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 7884:"Scandals plague Calgary Games" 7857:Lewis, Danny (18 August 2016). 7595:"1948, St. Moritz, Switzerland" 7165:Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024). 6231:David Barboza (5 August 2008). 6023: 6009: 5995: 5963: 5937: 5918: 5883: 5743: 5717: 5664: 5630: 5604: 5577: 5563: 5549: 5528: 5500: 5397: 5360: 5347: 5342:Middle East Contemporary Survey 5334: 5314: 5285:Yake, D. Byron (29 July 1984). 5278: 5246: 5174: 5144: 5118: 5084: 5060: 4968: 4952: 4929: 4877: 4847: 4803: 4792: 4767: 4736: 4718: 4435: 4409: 4356: 4277: 4251: 4224: 4211: 4192:Masters, James (31 July 2015). 4134: 4108: 3985: 3909: 3748: 3465:List of stripped Olympic medals 3183:2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal 3127:on her closest American rival, 2570:: In July 2024, staff from the 2068:in the semifinals of the men's 1856:International Olympic Committee 1778:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 715:International Olympic Committee 325:International Olympic Committee 297:. During its history, both the 9198:People who opened the Olympics 8888:COVID-19 cases at Beijing 2022 8816:One minute of silence campaign 8792:Figure-skating judging scandal 8128:International Business Times. 7265:Farid, Aminah (28 June 2024). 7186:Moses, Claire (28 June 2024), 6966:. Boxing News. 16 August 2016. 6506:Kelly, Cathal (12 June 2015). 5253:Litsky, Frank (29 July 1984). 4861:. 19 July 1976. Archived from 4835:. News.bbc.co.uk. 17 July 1976 4647:Gordon, Aaron (13 July 2017). 4442:Miles Corwin (1 August 2008). 3928:Newman, Saul (8 August 2018). 3677: 3592:DiMeo, Nate (21 August 2008). 3460:List of Olympic Games boycotts 2173:men's team artistic gymnastics 1963:Court of Arbitration for Sport 1596:, injured Puerto Rican runner 1575:men's light heavyweight boxing 1441:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1404:which had a pushbutton on the 1113:Australian national federation 1056:collapsed and died during the 570:to host the Games, but as the 13: 1: 10079:Postponed to 2021 due to the 9236:Olympic Broadcasting Services 8808:Death of Nodar Kumaritashvili 8800:Underage gymnasts controversy 6137:Pucin, Diane (28 July 2008). 5091:Barukh Ḥazan (January 1982). 4936:CBC News (19 December 2006). 4363:Relman Morin (14 July 1938). 3475: 3470:Olympic and Paralympic deaths 2673:. Jewtraw won over Norwegian 2541:International Judo Federation 2400:Men's over 105-kilogram class 2350:declined to review the match. 1557:organized its own event, the 1377:flag of the Republic of China 1268:American Broadcasting Company 1142:United States national anthem 609:quarter final, British boxer 442:competed separately from the 8880:COVID-19 cases at Tokyo 2020 8426:Council on Foreign Relations 7012:. SkySports. 17 August 2016. 6477:. 9 August 2012. p. 17. 6237:International Herald Tribune 5234:"Soviet pullout rocks Games" 4885:"1976 Montréal Summer Games" 4497:"Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur" 4339:"The Top 6 Olympic Scandals" 3781:Mead, Wendy (29 June 2021). 3629:Council on Foreign Relations 3358:Olympic Athletes from Russia 2979:The chosen location for the 2901:and Australian alpine skier 2632:Dutch Volleyball Association 2574:were discovered to be using 2333:During a women's volleyball 2196:men's light flyweight boxing 1547:1984 Summer Olympics boycott 1534:Australian Olympic Committee 1484:its ratio to epitestosterone 1443:, as the Games were held in 1433:1980 Summer Olympics boycott 1390:in which 80 states competed. 723:Adolf Hitler's rise to power 670:After winning the silver in 7: 10177:Olympic Games controversies 9785:1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 9215:Keepers of the Olympic flag 8919:Doping at the Olympic Games 8422:"Politics and the Olympics" 8038:Weir, Fred (11 July 2008). 7700:"Other deaths on the track" 7568:Owen, David (9 June 1939). 6528:. BBC Sport. 1 August 2012. 5944:Emma John (7 August 2012). 5699:"Moroccan Regains His Gold" 5612:"The week in review: Sport" 5344:, Vol. 8, (1983-84); p. 595 5008:. Human Kinetics. pp. 4743:Gary Smith (15 June 1992). 3895:Raleigh News & Observer 3455:Doping at the Olympic Games 3448: 2935:competitors in the women's 2698:International Skating Union 2572:Canadian Soccer Association 1953:Canadian men's rowing pair 1852:Lance Armstrong doping case 1234: 1062:performance enhancing drugs 849:boycotted the games as the 507:Portuguese marathon runner 313:performance enhancing drugs 10: 10203: 9403:Scandals and controversies 8784:Winter Olympic bid scandal 7396:Horvitz, Peter S. (2007). 3371: 3348: 3276: 3255: 3176: 3078: 3012:". Taiwan missed the 1976 3006:People's Republic of China 2768:German invasion of Austria 2559: 2521:In the wake of the global 2513: 2313: 2304: 2259:Badminton World Federation 2123: 2043: 1836:, and 100 m sprinter 1787:from Bulgaria won against 1465:University of Pennsylvania 1400:was found to have used an 1381:People's Republic of China 972:People's Republic of China 905:then awarded the Games to 537:were to have been held in 339:and gestures by athletes. 128:Scandals and controversies 10096: 10037: 9997: 9986: 9946: 9933: 9759: 9748: 9536: 9525: 9450: 9383: 9355:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 9283: 9223: 9183: 9141: 9106: 9034: 9001: 8997: 8975: 8906: 8688: 8627: 8565: 8482: 8045:Christian Science Monitor 7726:IOC, 1968 Grenoble Games. 7496:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 6732:20 September 2016 at the 6412:"SaltWire | Halifax" 5557:"Ben Johnson: Drug cheat" 4873:– via www.time.com. 4855:"Sport: A Matter of Race" 4775:"washingtonpost.com poll" 4343:The Saturday Evening Post 4087:. Sussex Academic Press. 3116:, the ex-husband of U.S. 2778:had previously withdrawn. 2442:65 kg freestyle wrestling 2391:by USA Swimming and USOC. 2243:badminton women's doubles 2198:gold medal match between 1854:On January 17, 2013, the 1561:, instead. The fact that 1310:1976 tour of South Africa 1039:men's 100 meter freestyle 968:1956 Hungarian Revolution 808:Jewish American athletes 293:is a major international 123:Pierre de Coubertin Medal 9919:2034 Salt Lake City–Utah 9365:Olympic Diploma of Merit 8263:Zayn Nabbi; Jo Shelley. 7888:Spokane Spokesman-Review 5911:20 November 2008 at the 5902:World Anti-Doping Agency 4050:Guttmann, Allen (1984). 3833:Guttmann, Allen (1992). 3382:Protest in front of the 2899:Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki 2438:Ganzorigiin Mandakhnaran 2384:Federal Police of Brazil 2335:qualification tournament 2296:with 13 medals stripped. 1764:United Nations sanctions 1237:Rhodesia at the Olympics 1156:1968 Soviet-led invasion 1111:, and was banned by the 988:Blood in the Water match 899:Second Sino-Japanese War 876:and kept the gold medal. 667:annual event until 1939. 7744:. No. 26 Feb. 1968 4369:The Evening Independent 4284:Schaap, Jeremy (2007). 4167:Lehrer, Steven (2006). 4025:"Nazification of Sport" 3546:Charleston Gazette-Mail 2953:and reportedly earning 2677:by a fifth of a second. 2641:Dutch Olympic Committee 2249:and one pair each from 2151:Greek Olympic Committee 1981:in Olympic-record time. 1304:In protest against the 752:Second Spanish Republic 744:Government of Catalonia 572:Austro-Hungarian Empire 361:, and was disqualified. 10187:Lists of controversies 10182:Olympics-related lists 9814:1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 9798:1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo 9493:Olympic Esports Series 9442:Participation of women 8840:Russian doping scandal 8678:World Friendship Games 6998:. ITV. 17 August 2016. 6952:. BBC. 16 August 2016. 6302:. London. 25 July 2012 5896:19 August 2008 at the 3967:Holocaust Encyclopedia 3918:. sports-reference.com 3391: 3290:2008 South Ossetia war 3052:This section is empty. 3016:Summer Games and 1980 2859:This section is empty. 2820:This section is empty. 2764:Garmisch-Partenkirchen 2147:Paraskevi Papachristou 1501:Polish gold medallist 1300: 1198:Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall 709: 698: 440:Grand Duchy of Finland 331:or South Africa under 9513:Ancient Olympic Games 9343:summer (2000-present) 9083:Incentives by country 8768:Kozakiewicz's gesture 7790:"1972 Sapporo, Japan" 5931:Sydney Morning Herald 5536:"Seoul Olympics 1988" 4421:Sydney Morning Herald 3436:human rights in Tibet 3381: 3164:was disqualified for 2790:ice hockey tournament 2101:taekwondo competitor 2076:, who finished fifth. 1728:Russian weightlifter 1506:Władysław Kozakiewicz 1298: 1109:Tokyo Imperial Palace 1058:men's team time trial 847:Irish Olympic Council 840:Franklin D. Roosevelt 721:. However, following 704: 690: 613:showed the referee a 521:electrolyte imbalance 311:, such as the use of 9049:All-time medal table 8824:LGBT rights protests 8654:Liberty Bell Classic 8091:"Human Rights Watch" 7863:Smithsonian Magazine 7844:17 June 2012 at the 6872:on 20 September 2016 6654:Egyptindependent.com 6589:Nationmultimedia.com 5983:on 30 September 2007 5780:Sports-reference.com 5571:"A Sad Day in Seoul" 5239:The Montreal Gazette 4476:on 16 September 2000 4263:The Pittsburgh Press 4081:Paul Taylor (2004). 3670:The Montreal Gazette 3572:Smithsonian Magazine 3313:2008 Summer Olympics 3265:Nodar Kumaritashvili 3196:and to Russian pair 3147:1998 Winter Olympics 2981:1976 Winter Olympics 2648:2024 official attire 2595:2024 Summer Olympics 2584:2024 Summer Olympics 2275:Magomed Abdulhamidov 2156:South Korean fencer 2149:was expelled by the 1866:from the time trial. 1860:2000 Summer Olympics 1823:2004 Summer Olympics 1735:In the final of the 1461:Liberty Bell Classic 1154:, in protest to the 1138:men's 200-metre race 746:, the newly elected 719:1936 Summer Olympics 535:1916 Summer Olympics 9940:Youth Olympic Games 9905:2026 Milano Cortina 8728:Tlatelolco massacre 8203:on 12 February 2014 8079:. Associated Press. 7321:channelnewsasia.com 6628:Bangkok.coconuts.co 6324:. CNN. 26 July 2012 5845:on 18 February 2008 5292:Beaver County Times 5263:. p. 1, 8, § 5 4627:Swimming World News 4509:on 2 September 2009 3762:on 13 February 2021 2744:Austrian and Swiss 2636:Steven van de Velde 2485:President of Russia 2133:Flag of South Korea 2028:Mikhail Mamiashvili 1737:men's 10,000 m 1594:4 × 400-meter relay 1453:1976 Montreal games 1364:—and New Zealand's 1187:Tlatelolco Massacre 1103:Australian swimmer 1054:Knud Enemark Jensen 739:region controversy. 672:equestrian dressage 607:boxing middleweight 590:football tournament 158:Women participation 8760:Black Power salute 8736:Black Power salute 8372:. 16 December 2021 8249:The New York Times 8229:The New York Times 8095:Human Rights Watch 7967:. 18 December 2018 7941:. 15 February 2002 7939:The New York Times 7914:The New York Times 7742:Sports Illustrated 7677:The New York Times 7574:insidethegames.biz 7193:The New York Times 6814:on 4 February 2017 6771:Kulkarni, Manali. 6680:M.oglobo.globo.com 6512:The Globe and Mail 6256:The New York Times 6005:. 22 January 2010. 5810:The New York Times 5755:Sports.abs-cbn.com 5373:The New York Times 5327:The New York Times 5260:The New York Times 5188:on 31 January 2013 5162:on 29 January 2013 4917:. 17 November 2006 4865:on 6 November 2012 4813:. Nzhistory.net.nz 4779:Washingtonpost.com 4755:on 6 November 2012 4749:Sports Illustrated 4745:"Pieces of Silver" 4561:Fuchs, J. (2021). 3973:on 2 February 2014 3940:on 6 December 2018 3814:. 2 September 1920 3392: 3297:Human Rights Watch 3243:Russian biathlete 3202:Anton Sikharulidze 2576:drone surveillance 2473:men's bantamweight 2337:, a match between 2267:men's bantamweight 1799:The New York Times 1743:was racing Kenyan 1679:defeated American 1660:Canadian sprinter 1612:and South African 1508:showed an obscene 1395:modern pentathlete 1301: 1258:At the end of the 1098:apartheid policies 874:German reichsmarks 786:racial superiority 775:Ernest Lee Jahncke 750:government of the 737:Memelland/Klaipėda 710: 699: 637:women's 800 meters 457:, American winner 414:indigenous peoples 391:outflow for Paris. 10142: 10141: 10092: 10091: 10081:COVID-19 pandemic 10067:Cancelled due to 10048:Cancelled due to 9965:2018 Buenos Aires 9929: 9928: 9819:1960 Squaw Valley 9521: 9520: 9338:summer (pre-2000) 9308:Songs and anthems 8935: 8934: 8680:(2024, postponed) 8638:People's Olympiad 8116:The Guardian, UK. 8052:on 22 August 2009 7796:. 2 December 2009 7679:. 26 January 1964 7523:. 6 February 2022 7066:. 24 March 2020. 7062:(press release). 6702:"Article expired" 6207:"Cuban kicks ref" 6143:Los Angeles Times 5924:Wilson, Stephen " 5705:. Chicago Tribune 5585:"The Daily Beast" 5493:978-0-313-28477-9 5393:. 18 August 2016. 5299:. p. A1, A10 5182:"Polanik English" 5053:978-3-527-60543-9 5019:978-0-7360-0329-2 4732:. 22 August 1972. 4680:. 28 January 2008 4574:978-1-5235-0838-9 4446:. Smithsonian.com 4423:. 7 December 1956 4297:978-0-618-68822-7 4067:978-0-231-05444-7 4001:. 4 December 1935 3494:MarathonGuide.com 3390:, real genocide". 3072: 3071: 2963:Skiing World Cups 2917:Jean-Claude Killy 2879: 2878: 2840: 2839: 2523:COVID-19 pandemic 2499:52 kg boxing 2461:men's heavyweight 2457:Evgeny Tishchenko 2430:Ikhtiyor Navruzov 2189:Michel Morganella 2187:Swiss footballer 2060:Swedish wrestler 1998:President of Iran 1936:Vanderlei de Lima 1719:anabolic steroids 1598:Madeline de Jesus 1583:Evander Holyfield 1476:Australian Senate 1449:Ruhollah Khomeini 1435:: U.S. President 1417:Mayor of Montreal 1398:Boris Onishchenko 1373:Republic of China 1229:of IOC president 1194:modern pentathlon 1021:modern pentathlon 976:Republic of China 853:had expelled the 799:Wolfgang Fürstner 768:Spanish Civil War 756:People's Olympiad 696:1936 Berlin Games 588:The final of the 488:American athlete 463:Wyndham Halswelle 410:Anthropology Days 295:multi-sport event 287: 286: 16:(Redirected from 10194: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10150: 10130: 10129: 10118: 10117: 10107: 10106: 10105: 10083: 10077: 10071: 10065: 10052: 10046: 10011:2016 Lillehammer 9992: 9935: 9934: 9912:2030 French Alps 9894:2018 PyeongChang 9864:1994 Lillehammer 9859:1992 Albertville 9844:1980 Lake Placid 9799: 9792: 9780:1932 Lake Placid 9754: 9719:2028 Los Angeles 9663:1984 Los Angeles 9643:1968 Mexico City 9613: 9606: 9594:1932 Los Angeles 9574: 9527: 9526: 9503:Special Olympics 9458:Paralympic Games 9126:tropical nations 9016:Olympic Congress 8999: 8998: 8962: 8955: 8948: 8939: 8938: 8928: 8921: 8914: 8899: 8891: 8883: 8875: 8867: 8859: 8851: 8843: 8835: 8827: 8819: 8811: 8803: 8795: 8787: 8779: 8771: 8763: 8755: 8747: 8739: 8731: 8723: 8715: 8707: 8699: 8681: 8673: 8665: 8662:Friendship Games 8657: 8649: 8641: 8620: 8613: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8585: 8578: 8558: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8469: 8462: 8455: 8446: 8445: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8432:on 19 April 2010 8428:. Archived from 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8219: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8199:. Archived from 8189: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8048:. Archived from 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8009: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7854: 7848: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7824:. 7 April 2015. 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7786: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7766:. Archived from 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7625:SWI swissinfo.ch 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7427: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7367: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7262: 7256: 7255: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7146: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7120: 7114: 7113: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7035: 7028: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6942: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6923:. 21 August 2016 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6871: 6860: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6813: 6807:. Archived from 6802: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6752:. 17 August 2016 6750:Mehr News Agency 6742: 6736: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6682:. 17 August 2016 6672: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6656:. 15 August 2016 6646: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6607: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6562:Flovolleyball.tv 6554: 6548: 6547: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6475:Associated Press 6466: 6460: 6459: 6458:. 7 August 2012. 6448: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6367:. Archived from 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6187:. 23 August 2008 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6097:. 14 August 2008 6091: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6062: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6037:. 22 August 2004 6027: 6021: 6020: 6013: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5982: 5976:. Archived from 5975: 5967: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5941: 5935: 5922: 5916: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5831: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5786:on 18 April 2020 5782:. Archived from 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5703:Orlando Sentinel 5694: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5668: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5481: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5455:. 9 January 1985 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5364: 5358: 5353:Philip D’Agati, 5351: 5345: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5330:. 2 August 1983. 5318: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5268: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5184:. Archived from 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5158:. Archived from 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5007: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4972: 4966: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4895:on 17 April 2020 4891:. Archived from 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4807: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4751:. Archived from 4740: 4734: 4733: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4541: 4534: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4505:. Archived from 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4472:. Archived from 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4334: 4325: 4324: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4265:. 24 August 1936 4255: 4249: 4228: 4222: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4008: 4006: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3959: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3936:. Archived from 3925: 3919: 3916:Bertil Sandström 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3897:. 11 August 2016 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3758:. Archived from 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3731: 3722: 3720: 3714: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3697:on 11 March 2012 3696: 3690:. Archived from 3689: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3661: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3620: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3486: 3333:Doping in Russia 3283:Doping in Russia 3245:Olga Medvedtseva 3213:Larissa Lazutina 3198:Elena Berezhnaya 3101:Nicolas Bochatay 3067: 3064: 3054:You can help by 3047: 3040: 2985:Denver, Colorado 2874: 2871: 2861:You can help by 2854: 2847: 2835: 2832: 2822:You can help by 2815: 2808: 2716:Lake Placid Club 2599:Israel–Hamas war 2533:men's 73kg class 2469:Vladimir Nikitin 2354:Islam El Shehaby 2316:Doping in Russia 2200:Kaeo Pongprayoon 2162:Britta Heidemann 2070:84kg Greco-Roman 2002:Mohammad Khatami 1986:Arash Miresmaili 1974:Irina Shevchenko 1970:Perdita Felicien 1938:was attacked by 1896:Chinese gymnast 1818:anabolic steroid 1789:Mansueto Velasco 1709:, weightlifters 1707:Jason Livingston 1668:after the event. 1559:Friendship Games 1497: 1481: 1280:West German flag 1240: 1068:at the Olympics. 1041:event, American 1028:team from Taiwan 859:Irish Free State 833:African American 676:Bertil Sandström 674:, Swedish rider 509:Francisco Lázaro 455:men's 400 metres 401:Marathon runner 355:Spyridon Belokas 353:Marathon runner 279: 272: 265: 45: 31: 30: 21: 10202: 10201: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10192: 10191: 10167: 10166: 10165: 10155: 10153: 10145: 10143: 10138: 10103: 10101: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10078: 10074: 10066: 10055: 10047: 10043: 10033: 10032: 9993: 9984: 9983: 9942: 9925: 9924: 9804:1948 St. Moritz 9797: 9790: 9775:1928 St. Moritz 9755: 9746: 9745: 9611: 9604: 9572: 9532: 9517: 9446: 9379: 9279: 9241:Olympic Channel 9219: 9179: 9173:Olympic Stadium 9137: 9121:Winter Olympics 9116:Summer Olympics 9102: 9093:Olympic diploma 9088:Stripped medals 9030: 8993: 8971: 8966: 8936: 8931: 8924: 8917: 8910: 8902: 8894: 8886: 8878: 8870: 8862: 8854: 8846: 8838: 8830: 8822: 8814: 8806: 8798: 8790: 8782: 8774: 8766: 8758: 8750: 8744:Munich massacre 8742: 8734: 8726: 8718: 8710: 8702: 8697:Stripped medals 8695: 8684: 8676: 8668: 8660: 8652: 8644: 8636: 8629: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8574: 8561: 8552: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8489: 8478: 8473: 8435: 8433: 8416: 8411: 8410: 8400: 8398: 8390: 8389: 8385: 8375: 8373: 8364: 8363: 8359: 8349: 8347: 8339: 8338: 8334: 8324: 8322: 8312: 8308: 8298: 8296: 8288: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8261: 8257: 8241: 8237: 8220: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8176: 8174: 8165: 8164: 8160: 8150: 8148: 8137: 8133: 8125: 8121: 8113: 8109: 8099: 8097: 8089: 8088: 8084: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8019:. 20 April 2010 8011: 8010: 8006: 7996: 7994: 7984: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7959: 7958: 7954: 7944: 7942: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7918: 7916: 7906: 7902: 7893: 7891: 7882: 7881: 7877: 7867: 7865: 7855: 7851: 7846:Wayback Machine 7837: 7833: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7773: 7771: 7762: 7761: 7757: 7747: 7745: 7734: 7730: 7724:www.Olympic.org 7722: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7696: 7692: 7682: 7680: 7671: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7643: 7639: 7629: 7627: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7599:Washington Post 7593: 7592: 7588: 7578: 7576: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7549:. 25 April 2018 7541: 7540: 7536: 7526: 7524: 7515: 7514: 7510: 7500: 7498: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7462: 7458: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7428: 7424: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7394: 7390: 7380: 7378: 7368: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7346:Worldofbuzz.com 7340: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7300: 7298: 7290: 7289: 7285: 7275: 7273: 7263: 7259: 7252:NBCrightnow.com 7246: 7245: 7241: 7231: 7229: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7206: 7204: 7184: 7180: 7163: 7159: 7151: 7144: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7122: 7121: 7117: 7112:. 24 July 2021. 7108: 7107: 7103: 7098:. 24 July 2021. 7095:TheGuardian.com 7088: 7087: 7083: 7073: 7071: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7008: 7007: 7003: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6976: 6975: 6971: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6944: 6943: 6936: 6926: 6924: 6915: 6914: 6910: 6900: 6898: 6890: 6889: 6885: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6858: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6781: 6779: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6734:Wayback Machine 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6706:The Japan Times 6700: 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6631: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6591: 6581: 6577: 6567: 6565: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6504: 6500: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6468: 6467: 6463: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6432:. 7 August 2012 6424: 6423: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6374: 6372: 6371:on 30 July 2012 6363: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6305: 6303: 6294: 6293: 6289: 6279: 6277: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6248: 6244: 6229: 6225: 6215: 6213: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6135: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6078: 6076: 6063: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6001: 6000: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5954: 5952: 5942: 5938: 5923: 5919: 5913:Wayback Machine 5898:Wayback Machine 5888: 5884: 5874: 5872: 5862: 5858: 5848: 5846: 5833: 5832: 5825: 5815: 5813: 5812:. 4 August 1996 5804: 5803: 5799: 5789: 5787: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5730:The Independent 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5695: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5643:Washington Post 5635: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5616:The Independent 5610: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5593: 5590:The Daily Beast 5583: 5582: 5578: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5505: 5501: 5494: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5421: 5417: 5402: 5398: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5365: 5361: 5352: 5348: 5339: 5335: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5302: 5300: 5283: 5279: 5266: 5264: 5251: 5247: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5131:Bleacher Report 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5080:. 31 July 1980. 5066: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5038: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5020: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4741: 4737: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4528:Schantz, Otto. 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4335: 4328: 4317:History Ireland 4309: 4305: 4298: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4230:Rick Shenkman, 4229: 4225: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4113: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4004: 4002: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3961: 3960: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3725: 3708: 3707: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3685:"Archived copy" 3683: 3682: 3678: 3663: 3662: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3621: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3590: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3451: 3432:Uighur Genocide 3388:Artificial snow 3384:Chinese embassy 3376: 3370: 3353: 3347: 3337:Richard McLaren 3285: 3277:Main articles: 3275: 3263:Georgian luger 3260: 3254: 3237: 3194:David Pelletier 3185: 3175: 3162:Ross Rebagliati 3142: 3123:, arranged for 3110: 3093: 3083: 3077: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3038: 3025:Olympic Village 2998: 2983:was originally 2976: 2946: 2912: 2894: 2884: 2875: 2869: 2866: 2845: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2806: 2785: 2759: 2750:ski instructors 2741: 2707: 2684: 2671:Charles Jewtraw 2662: 2657: 2655:Winter Olympics 2619:, naming in it 2564: 2558: 2518: 2512: 2330: 2309: 2303: 2271:Satoshi Shimizu 2128: 2122: 2066:Andrea Minguzzi 2048: 2042: 1984:Iranian judoka 1927:releases and a 1912: 1887:pseudoephedrine 1883:Andreea Răducan 1844:Lance Armstrong 1809: 1773: 1749:Hammou Boutayeb 1745:Richard Chelimo 1730:Ibragim Samadov 1702: 1686:American diver 1630: 1604:In the women's 1592:In the women's 1543: 1532:. In 2015, the 1495: 1479: 1457:1960 Rome games 1429: 1388:1960 Rome Games 1293: 1284:Washington Post 1220:Black September 1216:Munich massacre 1211: 1122: 1075: 1052:Danish cyclist 1045:and Australian 1016: 955: 945: 928: 890: 795:Gretel Bergmann 784:'s ideology of 685: 656:Sigfrid Edström 646: 632: 623:Manolo Gallardo 599: 556: 530: 513:Heat exhaustion 502:Hugo Wieslander 485: 468:William Robbins 436: 423: 398: 368: 350: 345: 343:Summer Olympics 283: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10200: 10190: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10164: 10163: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10124: 10112: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10084: 10072: 10053: 10040: 10039: 10038: 10035: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10006:2012 Innsbruck 10002: 10001: 9999: 9995: 9994: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9981: 9974: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9955:2010 Singapore 9951: 9950: 9948: 9944: 9943: 9931: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9923: 9922: 9915: 9908: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9884:2010 Vancouver 9881: 9876: 9874:2002 Salt Lake 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9839:1976 Innsbruck 9836: 9831: 9826: 9824:1964 Innsbruck 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9794: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9736: 9729: 9722: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9673:1992 Barcelona 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9628:1956 Melbourne 9625: 9620: 9615: 9608: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9589:1928 Amsterdam 9586: 9581: 9576: 9569: 9567:1912 Stockholm 9564: 9559: 9557:1904 St. Louis 9554: 9549: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9489: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9460: 9454: 9452: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9439: 9438: 9437: 9432: 9422: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9400: 9399: 9398: 9387: 9385: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9370:Olympic Laurel 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9351: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9316: 9315: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9289: 9287: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9277: 9272: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9257: 9252: 9251: 9250: 9249: 9248: 9238: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9211: 9210: 9200: 9195: 9189: 9187: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9160: 9159: 9158: 9147: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9135: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9118: 9112: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9074: 9073: 9063: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9046: 9040: 9038: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9007: 9005: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8984: 8981:Olympic sports 8976: 8973: 8972: 8965: 8964: 8957: 8950: 8942: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8922: 8915: 8907: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8884: 8876: 8868: 8860: 8852: 8844: 8842:(2015–present) 8836: 8828: 8820: 8812: 8804: 8796: 8788: 8780: 8772: 8764: 8756: 8748: 8740: 8732: 8724: 8716: 8708: 8700: 8692: 8690: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8674: 8670:Goodwill Games 8666: 8658: 8650: 8642: 8633: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8614: 8607: 8600: 8593: 8586: 8579: 8571: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8550: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8494: 8486: 8484: 8480: 8479: 8472: 8471: 8464: 8457: 8449: 8443: 8442: 8415: 8414:External links 8412: 8409: 8408: 8383: 8357: 8332: 8306: 8281: 8255: 8235: 8214: 8184: 8173:. 13 July 2013 8158: 8131: 8119: 8107: 8082: 8063: 8030: 8004: 7978: 7952: 7926: 7900: 7875: 7849: 7831: 7807: 7781: 7770:on 9 June 2009 7755: 7728: 7716: 7690: 7664: 7637: 7611: 7586: 7560: 7534: 7508: 7482: 7456: 7442: 7422: 7408: 7388: 7359: 7333: 7308: 7283: 7257: 7239: 7228:. 29 June 2024 7213: 7178: 7157: 7133: 7115: 7101: 7081: 7047: 7015: 7001: 6987: 6969: 6955: 6934: 6908: 6883: 6847: 6825: 6789: 6777:Lawinsport.com 6763: 6737: 6719: 6693: 6667: 6641: 6615: 6575: 6549: 6531: 6517: 6498: 6480: 6461: 6443: 6417: 6403: 6382: 6356: 6335: 6313: 6287: 6276:. 25 July 2012 6261: 6242: 6223: 6198: 6176: 6155: 6129: 6108: 6086: 6048: 6022: 6019:. Brasil 2016. 6008: 5994: 5962: 5936: 5917: 5882: 5870:New York Times 5856: 5823: 5797: 5767: 5742: 5716: 5686: 5663: 5629: 5618:. 31 July 1992 5603: 5576: 5562: 5548: 5527: 5514:New York Times 5499: 5492: 5466: 5441: 5415: 5396: 5378: 5359: 5346: 5333: 5313: 5277: 5245: 5225: 5214:. 25 July 2015 5199: 5173: 5156:Living.msn.com 5143: 5117: 5103: 5083: 5078:Ocala, Florida 5059: 5052: 5032: 5018: 4992: 4967: 4951: 4928: 4906: 4876: 4846: 4824: 4802: 4791: 4766: 4735: 4717: 4691: 4665: 4639: 4613: 4587: 4573: 4553: 4520: 4487: 4466:"SI Flashback" 4457: 4434: 4408: 4382: 4355: 4326: 4303: 4296: 4276: 4250: 4223: 4210: 4184: 4177: 4159: 4147:New York Times 4133: 4107: 4093: 4073: 4066: 4042: 4016: 3998:New York Times 3984: 3951: 3920: 3908: 3882: 3856: 3849: 3825: 3799: 3773: 3747: 3723: 3676: 3641: 3610: 3598:Slate Magazine 3584: 3558: 3532: 3506: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3439: 3424:United Kingdom 3409: 3372:Main article: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3349:Main article: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3330: 3327:Jackie Chamoun 3320: 3308: 3293: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3269: 3256:Main article: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3224: 3209:Johann Mühlegg 3205: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3158: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3129:Nancy Kerrigan 3109: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3079:Main article: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3050: 3048: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3029:federal prison 3021: 3010:Chinese Taipei 2997: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2951:Avery Brundage 2945: 2942: 2941: 2940: 2929: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2857: 2855: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2818: 2816: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2753: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2644: 2628: 2606: 2587: 2560:Main article: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2545:Amar Benikhlef 2526: 2514:Main article: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2503:tuaminoheptane 2491: 2488:Vladimir Putin 2465:Michael Conlan 2445: 2422: 2415: 2404:clean and jerk 2392: 2361: 2351: 2331: 2320:McLaren Report 2305:Main article: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2263: 2239: 2216: 2192: 2185: 2177:Kōhei Uchimura 2169: 2154: 2136: 2124:Main article: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2096: 2092: 2077: 2062:Ara Abrahamian 2058: 2044:Main article: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2024:Ara Abrahamian 2016:Alexei Michine 2008:Pelle Svensson 2005: 1982: 1966: 1951: 1947: 1932: 1917:Code of Points 1911: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1894: 1879: 1867: 1841: 1838:Tim Montgomery 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1781: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1752: 1733: 1726: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1684: 1669: 1658: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1602: 1590: 1577:match between 1571: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1519: 1510:bras d'honneur 1499: 1472: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1410: 1391: 1384: 1369: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1275: 1260:men's Marathon 1256: 1249: 1242: 1231:Avery Brundage 1223: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1190: 1179: 1160:Czechoslovakia 1152:Věra Čáslavská 1149: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1115:for ten years. 1101: 1094: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1050: 1035: 1024: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1003: 991: 979: 954: 951: 950: 949: 944: 941: 940: 939: 936: 931:The two major 927: 924: 923: 922: 889: 886: 885: 884: 877: 870:Arie van Vliet 862: 843: 825: 822:Ralph Metcalfe 814:Marty Glickman 806: 778: 771: 740: 730: 684: 681: 680: 679: 668: 645: 642: 641: 640: 631: 628: 627: 626: 603: 598: 595: 594: 593: 586: 583:Central Powers 579: 578:in April 1919. 555: 552: 551: 550: 529: 526: 525: 524: 505: 484: 481: 480: 479: 459:John Carpenter 451: 444:Russian Empire 435: 432: 431: 430: 427:Peter O'Connor 422: 419: 418: 417: 407: 403:Frederick Lorz 397: 394: 393: 392: 387:, which was a 379:gold medalist 367: 364: 363: 362: 349: 346: 344: 341: 285: 284: 282: 281: 274: 267: 259: 256: 255: 254: 253: 248: 240: 239: 235: 234: 233: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 199: 198: 197:Regional games 194: 193: 192: 191: 186: 181: 176: 168: 167: 163: 162: 161: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 52: 51: 47: 46: 38: 37: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10199: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10162: 10152: 10151: 10148: 10135: 10134: 10125: 10123: 10122: 10113: 10111: 10110: 10099: 10098: 10095: 10082: 10076: 10070: 10064: 10062: 10060: 10058: 10051: 10045: 10041: 10036: 10029: 10028: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10016:2020 Lausanne 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9996: 9991: 9980: 9979: 9975: 9973: 9972: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9936: 9932: 9921: 9920: 9916: 9914: 9913: 9909: 9907: 9906: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9849:1984 Sarajevo 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9829:1968 Grenoble 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9795: 9793: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9770:1924 Chamonix 9768: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9758: 9753: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9730: 9728: 9727: 9726:2032 Brisbane 9723: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9653:1976 Montreal 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9623:1952 Helsinki 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9609: 9607: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9535: 9531:Olympic Games 9528: 9524: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9443: 9440: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9426: 9423: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9401: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9382: 9376: 9375:Olympic Order 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9314: 9311: 9310: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9273: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9213: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9164: 9161: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9140: 9132: 9131:country codes 9129: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9055: 9052: 9051: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9033: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8978: 8977: 8974: 8970: 8969:Olympic Games 8963: 8958: 8956: 8951: 8949: 8944: 8943: 8940: 8927: 8923: 8920: 8916: 8913: 8909: 8908: 8905: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8626: 8619: 8615: 8612: 8608: 8605: 8601: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8557: 8556: 8555:2024 (summer) 8551: 8548: 8547:2022 (winter) 8544: 8541: 8540:2020 (summer) 8537: 8534: 8533:2018 (winter) 8530: 8527: 8526:2016 (summer) 8523: 8520: 8519:2014 (winter) 8516: 8513: 8512:2012 (summer) 8509: 8506: 8505:2010 (winter) 8502: 8499: 8498:2008 (summer) 8495: 8492: 8491:1988 (winter) 8488: 8487: 8485: 8481: 8477: 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Sports 6427: 6421: 6413: 6407: 6392: 6386: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6345: 6339: 6323: 6317: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6186: 6180: 6165: 6159: 6144: 6140: 6133: 6118: 6112: 6096: 6090: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6018: 6012: 6004: 5998: 5979: 5972: 5966: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5921: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5886: 5871: 5867: 5860: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5828: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5704: 5700: 5693: 5691: 5674: 5667: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5580: 5572: 5566: 5558: 5552: 5537: 5531: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5495: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5479: 5470: 5454: 5451: 5445: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5410:The Olympians 5407: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5343: 5337: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5317: 5310: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5281: 5274: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5249: 5242:. 9 May 1984. 5241: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5106: 5104:9781412829953 5100: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5063: 5055: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5036: 5021: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5005: 4996: 4981: 4980:The Economist 4977: 4971: 4965: 4964:9780521358590 4961: 4955: 4939: 4932: 4916: 4910: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4834: 4828: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4795: 4780: 4776: 4770: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4739: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4679: 4675: 4674:"Dawn Fraser" 4669: 4654: 4650: 4643: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4602:. 12 May 2020 4601: 4597: 4591: 4576: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4557: 4542:on 5 May 2013 4538: 4531: 4524: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4491: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4445: 4438: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4397: 4393: 4386: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4331: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4299: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4280: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4247: 4246:0-688-06580-5 4243: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4217:Hyde Flippo, 4214: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4180: 4178:9780786423934 4174: 4170: 4163: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4096: 4094:1-903900-88-3 4090: 4086: 4085: 4077: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4046: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4013: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3852: 3850:0-252-01701-3 3846: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3829: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3718: 3712: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3673:. 9 May 1984. 3672: 3671: 3666: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3630: 3626: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3547: 3543: 3536: 3521:. 15 May 2008 3520: 3516: 3510: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428:United States 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3306: 3305:rainbow flags 3302: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3217:Olga Danilova 3214: 3211:and Russians 3210: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3121:Tonya Harding 3119: 3118:figure skater 3115: 3114:Jeff Gillooly 3112: 3111: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3066: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2915:French skier 2914: 2913: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2886: 2885: 2873: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2834: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2798: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2751: 2747: 2746:alpine skiers 2743: 2742: 2733: 2732:Clas Thunberg 2728: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2699: 2694: 2693:Bernt Evensen 2690: 2689:Irving Jaffee 2686: 2685: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2627:among others. 2626: 2622: 2621:J. 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