571:
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113:
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546:. On the third, the Athenians sent soldiers from among its citizens. After Philip had deprived Olynthus of the rest of the League, by force and by the treachery of sympathetic factions, he besieged Olynthus in 348. The siege was short; he bought Olynthus's two principal citizens, Euthycrates and Lasthenes, who betrayed the city to him. He then looted and razed the city and sold its population—including the Athenian garrison—into slavery. According to the latest researches only a small area of the North Hill was ever re-occupied, up to 318, before
78:
61:
530:, which anticipated conquest by the league, to send an expedition against Olynthus. After three years of indecisive warfare Olynthus consented to dissolve the confederacy (379). It is clear, however, that the dissolution was little more than formal, as the Chalcidians ("Χαλκιδῆς ἀπò Θρᾴκης") appear, only a year or two later, among the members of the Athenian naval confederacy of 378–377. Twenty years later, in the reign of Philip, the power of Olynthus is asserted by
585:
1159:
668:
The
Neolithic settlement is located in the edge of the southern hill and was dated in the 3rd millennium BC. The houses were built by stone blocks and had one or two rooms. The pottery that was found was the typical of that period comprising monochrome ceramic vases. The end of this rural settlement
680:
and extended throughout the whole south hill. Two avenues were revealed along the eastern and western edges of the hill that intersected with crossing streets. Along the south avenue shops and small houses were found while the administrative part was located in the north part of the hill, where the
664:
of an area of the city occupied only for 84 years and subjected to a sudden, final destruction; but the data from the South Hill was badly muddled. Nonetheless, the work was excellent for its time, and remains supremely valuable. Much of the stratigraphy of the North Hill has been reconstructed by
730:
Both the archaic and classical city were protected by an extended land wall. Parts of the foundations of the wall were revealed in the north hill and elsewhere, but they are not enlightening on which method was followed for their construction. Archaeologists suppose that it was built with
628:, among others. Wace in particular found no evidence of an ancient settlement at Agios Mamas, Leake had evidently not visited there himself, and that the inscriptions were taken from stones found at Potidaea by local residents. Utilizing descriptions provided by
541:
broke out between Athens and its allies (357), Olynthus was at first in alliance with Philip. Subsequently, in alarm at the growth of his power, it concluded an alliance with Athens. Olynthus made three embassies to Athens, the occasions of
Demosthenes's three
655:
and possess an area ca. 1500 m long and 400 m in width. Robinson conducted three additional excavations in 1931, 1934, and 1938, publishing the results in fourteen volumes. Some of his writing was later found to have been plagiarized from another excavator,
421:
to break away. Suspecting that a revolt against the Great King was meditated, in order to control the situation, Artabazus captured
Olynthus, which was thought to be disloyal, and killed its inhabitants. The town had priorly been given to Kritovoulos from
660:. The excavation had uncovered more than five hectares of Olynthus and a portion of Mecyberna (the harbor of Olynthus). On the North Hill this hurried pace proved relatively harmless due to the simple
750:
and the city's parliament building (Βουλευτήριον). There is a small museum featuring artifacts recovered from
Olynthus, and the whole archaeological site is open to public tours during daylight hours.
534:
to have been much greater than before the
Spartan expedition. The town itself at this period is spoken of as a city of the first rank (πóλις μuρἰανδρος), and the league included thirty-two cities.
468:(συνοικισμός) was effected, though against Perdiccas's wishes the contributing cities were preserved. This increase in population led to the settlement of the North Hill, which was developed on a
355:
in 348 BCE. It was finally abandoned in 316 BCE. Excavations were conducted across four seasons, spanning from 1928 to 1938. Artefacts found during the excavations of the site are exhibited in the
620:, seven kilometers south of the actual location. This viewpoint was shared by a number of scholars, including Esprit-Marie Cousinéry, but was challenged in the early twentieth century by
1485:
892:
942:
636:, he reasoned that Olynthus must actually lie further north near the village of Myriophyton. In 1915, Wace conducted a preliminary survey of the area in hopes that the
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city was established on the much larger north hill and to its eastern slope. The excavations, which cover only 1/10 of the city's total area, have revealed a
460:
encouraged several nearby coastal towns to disband and remove their population to
Olynthus, preparatory to a revolt to be led by Potidaea against Athens (
1239:. (Johns Hopkins University studies in archaeology, no. 6, 9, 11–12, 18–20, 25–26, 31–32, 36, 38–39.) 14 v. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
851:
557:
Though the city was extinguished, through subsequent centuries there would be men scattered through the
Hellenistic world who were called Olynthians.
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that were excavated in the aristocratic suburb of the city located in the eastern part of the north hill since there was found some of the earliest
875:
711:. Two large avenues were discovered, with an amplitude of 7 meters, along with vertical and horizontal streets that divided the urban area into
1505:
665:
Nicholas Cahill (University of
Wisconsin). The site is now in the charge of Julia Vokotopoulou, and the XVI Ephorate of Classical Antiquities.
648:
852:
Borza, E., M. Willoughby, R. Talbert, J. Åhlfeldt, J. Becker, A. Rabinowitz, T. Elliott, DARMC, J. Bartlett, S. Gillies (22 December 2021).
1218:
893:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DO%3Aentry+group%3D3%3Aentry%3Dolynthus-geo
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on the western side of the river
Olynthios or Resetenikia (in ancient times known as Sandanus), across from the ruins of the ancient city.
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1171:
1490:
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the development of the league was rapid and ended consisting of 32 cities. About 393 we find it concluding an important treaty with
715:. Each one had ten houses with two floors and a paved yard. Very important for the archaeological research are considered the rich
426:
and to a fresh population consisting of Greeks from the neighboring region of
Chalcidice, who had been exiled by the Macedonians (
1465:
1316:
105:
946:
417:. The Persian authority in the Balkans must have significantly decreased at the time, which encouraged the inhabitants of the
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Sprawski, Sławomir (2010). "The Early Temenid Kings to Alexander I". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.).
430:
viii. 127). Though Herodotus reports that Artabazus slaughtered them, Boetiaeans continued to live in the area.
332:, Greece. It was built mostly on two flat-topped hills 30–40m in height, in a fertile plain at the head of the
1222:
814:
511:), and by 382 it had absorbed most of the Greek cities west of the Strymon, and had even got possession of
1309:
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is placed in the south edge of the north hill, near the eastern gate, along with a public fountain, an
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and a large team of archaeologists and workmen began excavations at Olynthus in collaboration with the
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637:
1369:
906:
Ancient cities: the archaeology of urban life in the ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome
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457:
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Robinson, David M. (January–March 1929). "A Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Olynthos".
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The modern village, formerly Myriophyton, now called Olynthos or Nea Olynthos, sits on a small
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with a stone base, but it is difficult to tell, since the city was literally leveled by
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Olynthus became a Greek polis, but it remained insignificant (in the quota-lists of the
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1289:
1005:
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302:
382:; and was resettled in the 7th century BC. Subsequently, the town was captured by the
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651:. They found that the ancient city extends over two hills that detach from a small
374:, was considered the mythological founder of the town. The South Hill bore a small
1126:
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and fear of Athenian attack. During the Peloponnesian war it formed a base for
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it appears as paying on the average 2 talents, as compared with 6 to 15 paid by
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461:
438:
402:
379:
329:
328:, "the fruit of the wild fig tree") is an ancient city in present-day
1404:
1385:
1326:
1062:
Robinson, David M. (December 1952). "OLYNTHUS: — The Greek Pompeii".
778:
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1084:
Excavations at Olynthus: The Neolithic settlement, by G.E. Mylonas
1374:
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The Johns Hopkins University Press -.; Milford, H. -. (1929).
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and the presence of some inscriptions, the British adventurer
743:
716:
682:
512:
1026:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 15.
1081:
Johns Hopkins University; George Emmanuel Mylonas (1952).
351:
The city flourished between 432 BC and its destruction by
1128:
Excavations at Olynthus: Part 1; the Neolithic Settlement
616:
reasoned that the site of Olynthus was at the village of
476:, occasioned by the synoecism or by the beginning of the
484:
in his expedition of 424 and refuge for the citizens of
409:, the Persian army spent the winter of the same year in
1486:
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Central Macedonia
286:
16th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities
1169:
1074:
908:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 278–279.
988:
Wace, Alan (November 1916). "The Site of Olynthus".
669:
was abrupt and is placed around the 1st millennium.
640:
might pursue an excavation, but nothing came of it.
943:"Nicholas Cahill, Philip's Destruction of Olynthus"
522:In this year Sparta was induced by an embassy from
1252:
1024:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon
340:, about 2.5 kilometers from the sea, and about 60
1271:The chief passages in ancient literature are the
550:forced the population to move in his new city of
1457:
1235:1929–1952. David M Robinson; George E Mylonas.
1097:
472:. In 423 Olynthus became the head of a formal
649:American School of Classical Studies in Athens
1310:
560:
1184:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
874:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
608:Due to its proximity to the ancient city of
1219:Household and City Organization at Olynthus
1101:Household and City Organization at Olynthus
590:Mosiac close-up; depicts the mythical hero
386:, a Thracian tribe ejected from Macedon by
45:
41:
1317:
1303:
1253:Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2011).
1091:
990:The Annual of the British School at Athens
59:
742:As it concerns the public buildings, the
492:that had rebelled against the Athenians (
1118:
1061:
1042:
890:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
691:
303:Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism
1192:. (1889/1996). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1458:
1506:Populated places in ancient Macedonia
1298:
1214:. (1844) Philadelphia: John B. Perry.
966:
903:
378:settlement; was abandoned during the
1325:Subdivisions of the municipality of
987:
676:city was built under a provincially
370:, son of Heracles, or the river god
336:, near the neck of the peninsula of
1064:Archaeological Institute of America
1045:Archaeological Institute of America
790:Stratis, an ancient Greek historian
13:
1098:Nicholas Cahill (1 October 2008).
897:
796:
14:
1517:
1491:Former populated places in Greece
1283:
1131:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
753:
357:Archaeological Museum of Olynthos
1255:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
1157:
930:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
583:
569:
393:Following the Persian defeat at
112:
111:
104:
84:
83:
76:
65:Bouleuterion of ancient Olynthus
1170:Edward Mewburn Walker (1911). "
1135:
1070:(4): 228–235 – via JSTOR.
1055:
1036:
19:For the genus butterflies, see
1466:Populated places in Chalkidiki
1275:of Demosthenes, and Xenophon,
1204:, London, 1862. 74–108.
1016:
981:
960:
935:
922:
882:
845:
832:
519:. (Xenophon, Hell. V. 2, 12).
1:
1150:
1051:(1): 53–76 – via JSTOR.
781:(4th century BC), philosopher
763:
27:. For greek myth figure, see
23:. For the genus sponges, see
1496:Members of the Delian League
1481:Greek colonies in Chalcidice
888:W. Smith. 1854. "Olynthus."
815:List of ancient Greek cities
401:having been escorted to the
7:
1476:Cities in ancient Macedonia
932:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 139.
854:"Places: 491678 (Olynthos)"
808:
775:(4th century BC), historian
10:
1522:
1246:
970:Travels in Northern Greece
787:(4th century BC), sculptor
624:and English archaeologist
561:Topography and archaeology
362:
344:(c. 9–10 kilometers) from
318:
18:
1424:
1383:
1359:
1333:
1257:. John Wiley & Sons.
1104:. Yale University Press.
1002:10.1017/S006824540000959X
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123:Show map of Mediterranean
70:
58:
46:
42:
39:
825:
638:British School of Athens
324:, named for the ὄλυνθος
120:Olynthus (Mediterranean)
1237:Excavations at Olynthus
1181:Encyclopædia Britannica
975:Gilbert & Rivington
904:Gates, Charles (2011).
458:Perdiccas II of Macedon
1087:. Johns Hopkins Press.
1022:Borza, Eugene (1990).
967:Leake, Martin (1835).
697:
643:On February 17, 1928,
576:Olynthian floor mosaic
505:Amyntas III of Macedon
222:60 ha (150 acres)
1190:Greek-English Lexicon
1188:Liddell & Scott,
696:Tombstone in Olynthus
695:
499:After the end of the
470:Hippodamian grid plan
353:Phillip II of Macedon
838:Liddell-Scott-Jones
820:Grain grinding wheel
645:David Moore Robinson
515:, the chief city in
397:in 480 BC, and with
257:David Moore Robinson
29:Olynthus (mythology)
21:Olynthus (butterfly)
1230:Exile from Olynthus
1201:A History of Greece
769:-328 BC), historian
658:Mary Ross Ellingson
261:Mary Ross Ellingson
165: /
92:Shown within Greece
36:
1425:Municipal unit of
1384:Municipal unit of
1360:Municipal unit of
1334:Municipal unit of
1273:Olynthiac Orations
1012:– via JSTOR.
698:
544:Olynthiac Orations
453:from 454 to 432).
291:Public access
95:Show map of Greece
51:
34:
16:Ancient Greek city
1453:
1452:
1217:Nicholas Cahill,
1142:Suda, Sigma, 1179
1111:978-0-300-13300-4
973:. Vol. III.
915:978-0-203-83057-4
501:Peloponnesian War
478:Peloponnesian War
474:Chalkidian League
419:Pallene peninsula
308:
307:
197:Chalcidian League
169:40.296°N 23.354°E
138:Central Macedonia
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