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1918:. In a speech broadcast live on state television, al-Bashir said the move was in response to Gaddafi's support for Sudanese rebels three years ago. Sudan and Libya have had a complicated and frequently antagonistic relationship for many years. President al-Bashir said the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), a Darfuri rebel group, had attacked Khartoum three years ago using Libyan trucks, equipment, arms, ammunition and money. He said God had given Sudan a chance to respond, by sending arms, ammunition and humanitarian support to the Libyan revolutionaries. "Our God, high and exalted, from above the seven skies, gave us the opportunity to reciprocate the visit," he said. "The forces which entered Tripoli, part of their arms and capabilities, were 100% Sudanese," he told the crowd. His speech was well received by a large crowd in the eastern Sudanese town of Kassala. But the easy availability of weapons in Libya, and that country's poorly guarded border with Darfur, are also of great concern to the Sudanese authorities.
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find their way to the
International Criminal Court". He added "The same decision in which Darfur case being transferred to the court stated that the American soldiers would not be questioned by the court, so it is not about justice, it is a political issue." Al Bashir accused Luis Moreno Ocampo, the ICC's chief prosecutor since 2003 of repeatedly lying in order to damage his reputation and standing. Al-Bashir said "The behavior of the prosecutor of the court, it was clearly the behavior of a political activist not a legal professional. He is now working on a big campaign to add more lies." He added, "The biggest lie was when he said I have $ 9bn in one of the British banks, and thank God, the British bank and the finance minister … denied these allegations." He also said: "The clearest cases in the world such as Palestine and Iraq and Afghanistan, clear crimes to the whole humanity – all were not transferred to the court."
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held in the partially nationalized Lloyds
Banking Group. He also reportedly told US officials it was necessary to go public with the scale of al-Bashir's extortion to turn public opinion against him. One US official stated "Ocampo suggested if Bashir's stash of money were disclosed (he put the figure at $ 9bn), it would change Sudanese public opinion from him being a 'crusader' to that of a thief." "Ocampo reported Lloyd's bank in London may be holding or knowledgeable of the whereabouts of his money," the report says. "Ocampo suggested exposing Bashir had illegal accounts would be enough to turn the Sudanese against him." A
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2371:"insisted it was not aware of any link with Bashir," while a Sudanese government spokesman called the claim "ludicrous" and attacked the motives of the prosecutor. In an interview with the Guardian, al-Bashir said, referring to ICC Prosecutor Ocampo, "The biggest lie was when he said I have $ 9 billion in one of the British banks, and thank God, the British bank and the finance minister ... denied these allegations." The arrest warrant actively increased public support for al-Bashir in Sudan.
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1863:, head of the UNAMID, said the war was over in the region, although low-level disputes remained. "Banditry, localised issues, people trying to resolve issues over water and land at a local level. But real war as such, I think we are over that," he said. This perspective is contradicted by reports which indicate that violence continues in Darfur while peace efforts have been stalled repeatedly. Violence between Sudan's military and rebel fighters has beset
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1343:, criticised the polls as "not meeting international standards". Candidates opposed to the SPLM said they were often detained or stopped from campaigning. Sudan Democracy First, an umbrella organisation in the north, put forward what it called strong evidence of rigging by al-Bashir's NCP. The Sudanese Network for Democracy and Elections (Sunde) spoke of harassment and intimidation in the south, by the security forces of the SPLM.
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1900:, even if the Western influence upon some countries is strong. We believe that the Chinese expansion was natural because it filled the space left by Western governments, the United States, and international funding agencies. The success of the Sudanese experiment in dealing with China without political conditions or pressures encouraged other African countries to look toward China."
1355:(SWTUF). They threatened to hold nationwide strikes in support of higher wages. The continued deterioration in the value of the Sudanese pound (SDG) posed grave downside risks to already soaring inflation. This, coupled with the economic slowdown, presents serious challenges to the implementation of the approved Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (I-PRSP).
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1589:, then Clinton's deputy national security adviser, and argued for the US to constructively engage the Sudanese and other Islamic countries. In April 1997, Ijaz persuaded al-Bashir to make an unconditional offer of counterterrorism assistance in the form of a signed presidential letter that Ijaz delivered to Congressman
2245:. It had been suggested that by holding and winning a legitimate presidential elections in 2010, al-Bashir had hoped to evade the ICC's warrant for his arrest. On 26 April, he was officially declared the winner after Sudan's election commission announced he had received 68% of the votes cast in the election. However,
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to hostilities over the disputed Heglig (or
Panthou) oil fields located along the Sudan-South Sudan border. Omar al-Bashir sought the assistance of numerous non-western countries after the West, led by America, imposed sanctions against him, he said: "From the first day, our policy was clear: To look eastward, toward
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however, and leaders from the United
Nations called for al-Bashir to make efforts to end the conflict and allow humanitarian and international workers to deliver relief to the southern regions of Sudan. Much progress was made throughout 2003. The peace was consolidated with the official signing by both sides of the
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1450:, tensions began to rise between al-Bashir and al-Turabi. Reportedly, al-Turabi was suspended as chairman of National Congress Party, after he urged a boycott of the president's re-election campaign. Then, a splinter-faction led by al-Turabi, the Popular National Congress Party (PNC) signed an agreement with
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In 2012, al-Bashir proposed setting up a continent-wide space agency in Africa. In a statement he said, "I'm calling for the biggest project, an
African space agency. Africa must have its space agency... will liberate Africa from technological domination". This followed previous calls in 2010 by the
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Al-Bashir has rejected the charges, saying "Whoever has visited Darfur, met officials and discovered their ethnicities and tribes ... will know that all of these things are lies." He described the charges as "not worth the ink they are written in". The warrant was to be delivered to the
Sudanese
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During the Second
Sudanese Civil War, Al-Bashir allegedly looted Sudan of much of its wealth. According to leaked US diplomatic cables, $ 9 billion of his siphoned wealth was stored in banks in London. Luis Moreno-Ocampo, the chief prosecutor of the ICC, stated that some of the funds were being
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2005, three weeks after being sworn in. This resulted in riots, but the peace was eventually re-established and allowed the southerners to vote in a referendum of independence at the end of the six-year period. On 9 July 2011, following a referendum, the region of
Southern Sudan split off from Sudan
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and al-Bashir's government. The war resulted in millions of southerners being displaced, starved, and deprived of education and health care, with almost two million casualties. Because of these actions, various international sanctions were placed on Sudan. International pressure intensified in 2001,
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traveled to Sudan and met with senior officials including al-Turabi and al-Bashir. Ijaz asked
Sudanese officials to share intelligence data with US officials on bin Laden and other Islamists who had traveled to and from Sudan during the previous five years. Ijaz conveyed his findings to US officials
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and other radical
Islamic groups. The US demand list also encouraged Bashir's regime to move away from activities, such as hosting the Popular Arab and Islamic Congress, that impinged on Sudanese efforts to reconcile with the West. Sudan's Mukhabarat (central intelligence agency) spent half a decade
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that the C.I.A.'s evidence on which the attack was based was inadequate. Ms. Oakley asked them to double-check; perhaps there was some intelligence they had not yet seen. The answer came back quickly: There was no additional evidence. Ms. Oakley called a meeting of key aides and a consensus emerged:
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and (*) indicate that a person was convicted by the ICC and that the conviction remains valid; a name in (parentheses) indicates that charges were dropped or a conviction was overturned; † indicates a person deceased before or during trial; (x) after a name indicates that the case was closed by the
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after many months of protests and civil uprisings. He was immediately placed under house arrest pending the formation of a transitional council. At the time of his arrest al-Bashir had been the longest-serving leader of Sudan since the country gained independence in 1956, and was the longest-ruling
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to prevent his arrest. In March 2009, just before al-Bashir's visit to Qatar, the Sudanese government was reportedly considering sending fighter jets to accompany his plane to Qatar, possibly in response to France expressing support for an operation to intercept his plane in international airspace,
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states since disputed state elections in May 2011, an ongoing humanitarian crisis that has prompted international condemnation and U.S. congressional hearings. In 2012, tensions between Sudan and South Sudan reached a boiling point when the Sudanese military bombed territory in South Sudan, leading
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On 21 July 2020, his trial regarding the coup that brought him to power started. About 20 military personnel were indicted for their roles in the coup. On 20 December 2022, al-Bashir said that he bears full responsibility for the events that took place in the country on June 30, 1989. The trial is
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at the national level: movements that sign the agreement will be entitled to nominate two ministers and two four ministers of state at the federal level and will be able to nominate 20 members to the national legislature. The movements will be entitled to nominate two state governors in the Darfur
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Controversy erupted about whether Sudan had offered to extradite bin Laden in return for rescinding American sanctions that were interfering with Sudan's plans to develop oil fields in southern areas of the country. American officials insisted the secret meetings were agreed only to pressure Sudan
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Al-Bashir said that Sudan is not a party to the ICC treaty and could not be expected to abide by its provisions just like the United States, China and Russia. He said "It is a political issue and double standards, because there are obvious crimes like Palestine, Iraq and Afghanistan, but did not
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Al-Bashir in his speech said that his government's priority was to end the armed rebellion and tribal conflicts in order to save blood and direct the energies of young people towards building Sudan instead of "killing and destruction". He called upon youth of the rebel groups to lay down arms and
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Al-Bashir had achieved economic growth in Sudan. This was pushed further by the drilling and extraction of oil- However, economic growth was not shared by all. Headline inflation in 2012 approached the threshold of chronic inflation (period average 36%), about 11% up from the budget projection of
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In October 2013, several members of the African Union expressed anger at the ICC, calling it "racist" for failing to file charges against Western leaders or Western allies while prosecuting only African suspects so far. The African Union demanded that the ICC protect African heads of state from
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characterized the indictment as a form of terrorism. He also believed that the warrant is an attempt "by (the west) to recolonize their former colonies". Egypt said, it was "greatly disturbed" by the ICC decision and called for an emergency meeting of the UN security council to defer the arrest
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Sudan's Islamist links with international terrorist organizations represented a special matter of concern for the American government, leading to Sudan's 1993 designation as a state sponsor of terrorism and a suspension of U.S. Embassy operations in Khartoum in 1996. In late 1994, in an initial
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in the northern part of Sudan. Further on, al-Bashir issued purges and executions of people whom he alleged to be coup leaders in the upper ranks of the army, the banning of associations, political parties, and independent newspapers, as well as the imprisonment of leading political figures and
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2009 on counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, but ruled that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute him for genocide. However, on 12 July 2010, the court issued a second warrant containing three separate counts of genocide. The new warrant, like the first, was delivered to the
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ethnic groups in the Darfur region. The charges against al-Bashir, in three separate counts, include "genocide by killing", "genocide by causing serious bodily or mental harm" and "genocide by deliberately inflicting on each target group conditions of life calculated to bring about the group's
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meeting, al-Bashir was prohibited from leaving that country while a court decided whether he should be handed over to the ICC for war crimes. He, nevertheless, was allowed to leave South Africa soon afterward. Luis Moreno Ocampo and Amnesty International claimed that al-Bashir's plane could be
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denounced the warrant as unwarranted and totally unacceptable. It argued that the warrant demonstrated "selectivity and double standard applied in relation to issues of war crimes". There have been large demonstrations by Sudanese people supporting Bashir and opposing the ICC charges.
957:, which did not recognize either the warrant or the ICC. The indictments do not allege that Bashir personally took part in such activities; instead, they say that he is "suspected of being criminally responsible, as an indirect co-perpetrator". The court's decision was opposed by the
2222:. President Bashir described the aid agencies as thieves who take "99 percent of the budget for humanitarian work themselves, giving the people of Darfur 1 percent" and as spies in the work of foreign regimes. Bashir promised that national agencies will provide aid to Darfur.
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was elected to a seat in the National Assembly where he served as speaker of the National Assembly "during the 1990s". In 1998, al-Bashir and the Presidential Committee put into effect a new constitution, allowing limited political associations in opposition to al-Bashir's
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The Sudanese Ministry of Defense website says that al-Bashir was in the Western Command from 1967 to 1969 and then the Airborne Forces from 1969 to 1987 until he was appointed commander of the 8th Infantry Brigade (independent) from the period 1987 to 30 June 1989.
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join efforts to build the country. Al Bashir sees himself as a man wronged and misunderstood. He takes full responsibility for the conflict in Darfur, he says, but says that his government did not start the fighting and has done everything in its power to end it.
1113:. His mother was Hedieh Mohamed al-Zain, who died in 2019. His father, Hassan ibn Ahmed, was a smalltime dairy farmer. He is the second among twelve brothers and sisters, his younger brother Othman was killed in South Sudan during his presidency. His uncle,
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reported that "The war in Yemen has given Omar Hassan al-Bashir, a skilled political operator who has ruled Sudan for a quarter-century, an opportunity to show wealthy Sunni powers that he can be an asset against Iranian influence – if the price is right."
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On al-Bashir's orders, al-Turabi was imprisoned based on allegations of conspiracy in 2000 before being released in October 2003. Al-Turabi was again imprisoned in March 2004 and released in July 2005, at the height of the peace agreement in the civil war.
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over international crimes committed in Sudan and obligates Government of Sudan to cooperate with the ICC, and therefore the court, Amnesty International and others insist that Sudan must comply with the arrest warrant of the International Criminal Court.
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attended one of the Fairfax hotel meetings. In a joint opinion piece in the Washington Post Outlook Section in 2003, Carney and Ijaz argued that in fact the Sudanese had offered to extradite bin Laden to a third country in exchange for sanctions relief.
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2012 reflecting the combined effects of inflationary financing, the depreciation of the exchange rate, and the continued removal of subsidies, as well as high food and energy prices. This economic downturn prompted cost of living riots that erupted into
1826:. Sudan strongly objected to the resolution and said that it would see the UN forces in the region as "foreign invaders". A day after rejecting the UN forces into Sudan, the Sudanese military launched a major offensive in the region. In March 2007, the
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militia: the Sudanese government claim that up to 10,000 have been killed in this conflict; the United Nations reported that about 300,000 had died as of 2010, and other reports place the figures at between 200,000 and 400,000. During an interview with
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stated that Bashir would be eventually transferred to the ICC. He was convicted of corruption in December of that year and sentenced to two years in prison. His trial regarding his role in the coup that brought him into power started on 21 July 2020.
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that same year, al-Bashir's National Congress Party won 355 out of 360 seats, with al-Turabi as its chairman. However, after al-Turabi introduced a bill to reduce the president's powers, prompting al-Bashir to dissolve parliament and declare a
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physical destruction". The new warrant acted as a supplement to the first, whereby the charges initially brought against al-Bashir all remained in place, but now included the crime of genocide which was initially ruled out, pending appeal.
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paid for sanctions violations was related to their trade with Sudan. While smaller fines have also been given to other banks, US Justice Department officials said that they found the BNP particularly uncooperative, calling it Sudan's
1604:'s possession. Within days, the U.S. reversed that decision and imposed harsher and more comprehensive economic, trade, and financial sanctions against Sudan, which went into effect in October 1997. In August 1998, in the wake of the
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about American sanctions policy against Sudan and what measures might be taken by the Bashir regime to remove the sanctions. Erwa was presented with a series of demands from the United States, including demands for information about
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and all other rival political parties. The executive and legislative powers of the council were later given to al-Bashir completely. In the early 1990s, al-Bashir's administration gave the green light to float a new currency called
2491:, stated that it had reached a consensus decision in favor of transferring al-Bashir to the ICC after the completion of his corruption and money laundering trial. In the following days, Sudanese transition period Prime Minister
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African Union (AU) to conduct a feasibility study that would draw up a "road map for the creation of the African space agency". African astronomy received a massive boost when South Africa was awarded the majority shares of the
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Further on, al-Turabi's influence and that of his party's "'internationalist' and ideological wing" waned "in favor of the 'nationalist' or more pragmatic leaders who focus on trying to recover from Sudan's disastrous
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2007 letters of the secretary-general and the chairperson of the African Union Commission, which were addressed to al-Bashir. The technical consultations were attended by delegations from the Government of Sudan, the
1518:, represented a matter of great concern to the security of American officials and dependents in Khartoum, resulting in several reductions and evacuations of American personnel from Khartoum in the early to mid 1990s.
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effort to reverse his nation's growing image throughout the world as a country harboring terrorists, Bashir secretly cooperated with French special forces to orchestrate the capture and arrest on Sudanese soil of
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and a delegation arrived in Sudan to discuss with the government about Bashir's indictment. In a deal with Darfurian rebels, the government agreed to set up a special war crimes court that would include Bashir.
1830:
accused Sudan's government of taking part in "gross violations" in Darfur and urged the international community to take urgent action to protect people in Darfur. A high-level technical consultation was held in
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that resulted in death tolls of around 10,000 according to the Sudanese Government, but most sources suggest between 200,000 and 400,000. During his presidency, there were several violent struggles between the
2145:, and several other countries, all of which refused to have him arrested. ICC member state Chad also refused to arrest al-Bashir during a state visit in July 2010. He was also invited to attend conferences in
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In early 1996, al-Bashir authorized his Defense Minister at the time, El Fatih Erwa, to make a series of secret trips to the United States to hold talks with American officials, including officers of the
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amassing intelligence data on bin Laden and a wide array of Islamists through their periodic annual visits for the PAIC conferences. In May 1996, after the series of Erwa secret meetings on US soil, the
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that had lost 90 percent of its worth during the turbulent 1980s; the currency was later changed back to pounds, but at a much higher rate. He was later elected president (with a five-year term) in the
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1719:, a difficult task as the population were substantially intermarried and could not be distinguished by skin tone. This internal political instability was aggravated by cross-border conflicts with
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Authorities said that BNP essentially functioned as the "central bank for the government of Sudan," concealing its tracks and failing to cooperate when first contacted by law enforcement
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has been committed in Darfur and that the Government of Sudan and the Janjaweed bear responsibility and that genocide may still be occurring". On 29 June 2004, U.S. Secretary of State
1172:. When he returned home, al-Bashir was made a garrison commander. In 1981, al-Bashir returned to his paratroop background when he became the commander of an armored parachute brigade.
2467:. On 13 May 2019, prosecutors charged al-Bashir with "inciting and participating in" the killing of protesters. A trial for corruption (after $ 130 million was found in his home) and
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1989. Under al-Bashir's leadership, the new military government suspended political parties and introduced an Islamic legal code on the national level. He then became chairman of the
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and economic damage that resulted from ideological adventurism". At the same time, Sudan worked to appease the United States and other international critics by expelling members of
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1960:. This agreement established a compensation fund for victims of the Darfur conflict, allowed the president of Sudan to appoint a vice-president from Darfur, and established a new
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visited Khartoum in 2010 and Chad kicked out the Darfuri rebels it had previously supported. Both Sudanese and Chadian sides together established a joint military border patrol.
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4161:"Sudan Government 2001 – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System"
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2157:, Kenya's High Court Judge Nicholas Ombija ordered the Minister of Internal Security to arrest al-Bashir, "should he set foot in Kenya in the future". In June 2015, while in
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against al-Bashir started during the following months. On 14 December 2019, he was convicted for money laundering and corruption. He was sentenced to two years in prison.
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of the Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa tribes. The new warrant included the court's conclusion that there were reasonable grounds to suspect that al-Bashir acted with specific
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with 75.7% of the popular vote, al-Bashir issued the registration of legalized political parties in 1999 after being influenced by al-Turabi. Rival parties such as the
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that had been committed in Darfur since 2003. The prosecutor accused al-Bashir of having "masterminded and implemented" a plan to destroy the three main ethnic groups—
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2412:, the world's biggest radio telescope. It will see dishes erected in nine African countries. But skeptics have questioned whether a continental body in the style of
1672:. It created a co-vice president position and allowed the north and south to split oil deposits equally, but also left both the north's and south's armies in place.
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against Khartoum. U.S. Ambassador to Sudan, Tim Carney, departed post in February 1996 and no new ambassador was designated until December 2019, when U.S. president
1335:. These elections were agreed on earlier in the 2005 peace accord. The election was marked by corruption, intimidation, and inequality. European observers, from the
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and intentionally directing attacks against civilians). The court ruled that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute him for genocide. However, Usacka wrote a
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The Sudanese government had been accused of suppressing information by jailing and killing witnesses since 2004, and tampering with evidence, such as covering up
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into compliance on a range of anti-terrorism issues. The Sudanese insisted that an offer to extradite bin Laden had been made in a secret one-on-one meeting at a
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stated that al-Bashir must turn himself in to face the charges, and that the Sudanese authorities must detain him and turn him over to the ICC if he refuses.
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met with al-Bashir in Sudan and urged him to make peace with the rebels, end the crisis, and lift restrictions on the delivery of humanitarian aid to Darfur.
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In late September 1997, months after the Sudanese overture (made by al-Bashir in the letter to Hamilton), the U.S. State Department, under Secretary of State
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Morrison, J. Stephen; de Waal, Alex (1 March 2005). "Can Sudan Escape its Intractability?". In Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela (eds.).
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In August 2013, Bashir's plane was blocked from entering Saudi Arabian airspace when Bashir was attempting to attend the inauguration of Iranian President
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The charges against al-Bashir have been criticized and ignored in Sudan and abroad, particularly in Africa and the Muslim world. Former president of the
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expressed that the organization emphasizes its solidarity with Sudan and condemned the warrant for "undermining the unity and stability of Sudan". The
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1762:. The Sudanese government has also arrested and harassed journalists, thus limiting the extent of press coverage of the situation in Darfur. While the
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wrote a report in 1999 questioning the attack on the factory, suggesting that the connection to bin Laden was not accurate; James Risen reported in
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indicting him on five counts of crimes against humanity (murder, extermination, forcible transfer, torture and rape) and two counts of war crimes (
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3259:"ICC Prosecutor presents case against Sudanese President, Hassan Ahmad AL BASHIR, for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur"
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849:, which remained the dominant political party in the country until 2019. In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting head of state to be
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A second arrest warrant for al-Bashir was issued on 12 July 2010. The ICC issued an additional warrant adding 3 counts of genocide for the
1223:(a newly established body with legislative and executive powers for what was described as a transitional period), and assumed the posts of
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1437:, however, they failed to achieve significant support, and al-Bashir was re-elected president, receiving 86.5% of the popular vote in the
1231:. Subsequent to al-Bashir's promotion to the chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation, he allied himself with
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1117:, was a journalist, politician, and noted opponent of South Sudan. As a boy, he was nicknamed 'Omeira' – Little Omar. He belongs to the
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Abdelaziz, Khalid; Abdelaty, Ali; El Sherif, Mohamed; Saba, Yousef; Nichols, Michelle; Aboudi, Sami; Lewis, Aidan (11 April 2019).
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intercepted in International Airspace. Sudan announced that the presidential plane would always be escorted by fighter jets of the
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Since 1968, Sudanese politicians had attempted to create separate factions of "Africans" and "Arabs" in the western area of
821:. He was subsequently incarcerated, tried and convicted on multiple corruption charges. He came to power in 1989 when, as a
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3579:"الوساطة تسلم مقترحات جديدة حول النقاط العالقة في وثيقة سلام دارفور Sudan's PM says al-Bashir to be handed over to the ICC"
3344:
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Contrary to what the Administration was saying, the case tying Al Shifa to Mr. bin Laden or to chemical weapons was weak."
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1933:, also known as the "Abuja Agreement", was signed on 5 May 2006 by the government of Sudan along with a faction of the
3500:
1735:–accusing the government of neglecting Darfur and oppressing non-Arabs in favor of Arabs – began an armed insurgency.
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8269:[Deposed Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir: I bear responsibility for the events of June 30, 1989 (video)].
7162:
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3678:
1600:'s directive, first announced it would return American diplomats to Khartoum to pursue counterterrorism data in the
1510:
and others labeled "terrorist leaders" by the United States and its allies resided in Khartoum. Sudan's role in the
6947:
5209:
3938:
3766:
3414:
1965:
8228:
7185:
6439:
5018:
Malik, Mohamed; Malik, Malik (18 March 2015). "The Efficacy of United States Sanctions on the Republic of Sudan".
1157:
named Widad Babiker Omer, who had a number of children with her first husband Ibrahim Shamsaddin, a member of the
9445:
9440:
8841:
8642:
8548:
Arrest Warrant for Sudan's President Bashir: Arabs Are Leaving Themselves out of the International Justice System
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3857:
2094:
arguing that there were "reasonable grounds to believe that Omar Al Bashir has committed the crime of genocide".
1957:
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17:
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2507:. On 11 February 2020, Sudan's ruling military council agreed to hand over the ousted al-Bashir to the ICC in
1308:
From 2005 to 2010, a transitional government was set up under a 2005 peace accord that ended the 21-year long
8405:
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6326:
5602:
4397:
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1942:
1728:
890:
735:
584:
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1141:. "Always in defence," a cousin said. "That's why he went into the army." He received his primary education
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9015:
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2004:
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493:
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4947:
3616:[A charged atmosphere hangs over Abyei after bloody clashes between the Dinka and the Misseriya].
9470:
6024:
5683:
Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General (PDF)
4767:
3714:
1953:
1738:
Estimates vary of the number of deaths resulting from attacks on the non-Arab/Arabized population by the
1376:
1248:
1228:
841:
as head of state. He was elected three times as president in elections that have been under scrutiny for
221:
6025:"Conclusions of the high-level AU UN consultations with the Government of Sudan on the Hybrid Operation"
4282:
1207:, al-Bashir led a group of army officers in ousting the unstable coalition government of Prime Minister
8739:
8634:
8057:
6916:
6568:"Decision on the Prosecution's Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir"
6521:
6137:
6055:
4189:
1553:
226:
9370:
6288:
3013:
9450:
9435:
8672:
7810:
7700:"Pre-Trial Chamber I issues a second warrant of arrest against Omar Al Bashir for counts of genocide"
6800:
5707:
2225:
1961:
1652:
1636:
1426:
1321:
1309:
1142:
869:
723:
470:
381:
8446:"Sudan's jailed former strongman Omar al-Bashir is taken to a hospital in the north for better care"
7275:
2293:
1627:. It was unclear to date if al-Bashir would have been allowed to travel, due to previous sanctions.
9215:
8017:
7241:
4827:
4443:
2475:
expected to continue for several more months and if convicted, Bashir could face a death sentence.
2367:
allegedly reveals that the Sudanese president had embezzled US$ 9 billion in state funds, but
1781:
1732:
1609:
1379:
since 1993, mostly due to al-Bashir and Hassan al-Turabi taking complete power in the early 1990s.
1363:
In the mid-1990s, a feud between al-Bashir and al-Turabi began, mostly due to al-Turabi's links to
1150:
902:
872:, leading to a referendum in the south, resulting in the separation of the south as the country of
680:
455:
6172:
5825:
5794:
5388:
2826:
853:(ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in
9340:
9330:
8918:
5955:
5855:
4084:
2622:
2540:
that erupted earlier that month. Al-Bashir and other officials were later taken to a hospital at
2020:
1616:'s administration reached an agreement with the new Sudanese government to exchange ambassadors.
1498:
and was accused of harboring and providing sanctuary and assistance to Islamic terrorist groups.
1459:
937:
7329:"IRIN Africa – SUDAN: The case against Bashir – Sudan – Conflict – Human Rights – Refugees/IDPs"
7298:
5631:
3108:
2730:
1655:
had been ongoing for nine years. The war soon effectively developed into a conflict between the
1641:
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9207:
9070:
8804:
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5657:
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4252:
4134:
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2409:
2012:
1930:
1463:
1364:
1277:
Omar al-Bashir was elected president (with a five-year term) in the 1996 national election and
1236:
814:
740:
5886:
5512:
5093:
4867:
2210:
The Sudanese government retaliated against the warrant by expelling a number of international
1454:, which led al-Bashir to believe that they were plotting to overthrow him and the government.
9165:
8994:
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6889:
6602:
6478:
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3990:
3075:
2435:
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2101:
establishing the ICC, and thus claims that it does not have to execute the warrant. However,
2052:
5482:
3581:[Mediation receives new proposals on sticking points in the Darfur Peace Document].
2511:
to face charges of crimes against humanity in Darfur. In October 2020, ICC Chief Prosecutor
2251:
noted the voting was "marred by boycotts and reports of intimidation and widespread fraud".
9325:
9099:
8959:
8945:
6823:"India-Africa summit: Arrest Sudan President Omar al-Bashir, demands Amnesty International"
5269:
2541:
2142:
1752:
1165:
1138:
1134:
1046:
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348:
286:
161:
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2443:. The army also ordered the arrest of all ministers in al-Bashir's cabinet, dissolved the
8:
9182:
7354:
4983:
3739:[Al-Bashir attends his mother's burial ceremony ... and controversy on Twitter].
3225:
3048:
2537:
2532:
and two other former officials were taken from Kobar Prison to Alia Military Hospital in
1911:
1860:
1676:, the south's peace agreement appointed co-vice president, died in a helicopter crash on
1313:
1053:
858:
837:
after it began negotiations with rebels in the south; he subsequently replaced President
813:(born 1 January 1944) is a Sudanese former military officer and politician who served as
690:
216:
206:
176:
129:
3826:[The death of Al-Bashir's uncle... the most prominent opponent of South Sudan].
3793:
3769:[Al-Bashir attending his mother's burial ceremony]. 30 July 2019. Archived from
2241:, the first democratic election with multiple political parties participating since the
1169:
9289:
8782:
8589:
7951:"Bashir's billions and the banks that helped him: Sudan fights to recover stolen funds"
7735:
7543:
6920:
6199:
5516:
5486:
5423:
4329:
4193:
4043:
2525:
2452:
2342:
2247:
2186:
2167:
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2008:
1946:
1748:
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1409:
1018:
929:
251:
201:
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186:
119:
84:
6107:
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8745:
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7681:
7328:
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5213:
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2346:
1573:
1561:
1523:
1499:
1429:
and the Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces, headed by former Sudanese President
1204:
1161:
who had died in a helicopter crash. Al-Bashir does not have any children of his own.
954:
894:
838:
822:
298:
8267:"الرئيس السوداني المعزول عمر البشير: أتحمل المسؤولية عن أحداث 30 يونيو 1989 (فيديو)"
7453:
7423:
6574:
6256:
5653:
5054:
4532:
3299:
1212:
9279:
9170:
9120:
9054:
9049:
8684:
8113:
7834:
7671:
7574:
6980:"Danish government must arrest Sudanese President if he attends climate conference"
6852:
6605:– Document – Sudan: Amnesty International calls for arrest of President Al Bashir.
6226:
5027:
4700:"After the Attacks: The Connection; Iraqi Deal with Sudan on Nerve Gas Is Reported"
4010:
3512:
3159:
2887:
2578:
2468:
2266:
2262:
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1515:
1367:
groups, as well as allowing them to operate out of Sudan, even personally inviting
1291:
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1232:
1106:
511:
9284:
9159:
8937:
8896:
8699:
8494:
8473:
8143:
7817:
7793:
7769:
7638:
5689:
5542:
5020:
Journal of Georgetown University-Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association
4863:
4539:
4413:"U.S. lifts Sudan sanctions, wins commitment against arms deals with North Korea"
4219:
3895:
3648:
3613:
3578:
3115:
2697:
2636:
2565:
1991:
1915:
1868:
1699:
1590:
1548:
1503:
1483:
1396:
1368:
1114:
918:
842:
465:
8863:
7505:
6622:
5548:. Research, Development and Statistics (RDS), Home Office, UK. 27 October 2006.
5233:
5190:
4560:
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3336:
3128:
2765:
1815:
force consisting of 17,300 military personnel and 3,300 civilians and named the
1413:: "Now, the analysts renewed their doubts and told Assistant Secretary of State
901:
out of a total population of 6.2 million in Darfur and created a crisis in
9294:
9253:
9106:
9075:
9044:
9000:
8973:
8913:
8718:
8666:
7773:
5622:"Police put on a show of force, but are Darfur's militia killers free to roam?"
5455:
3925:
2512:
2492:
2451:, led by his own First Vice President and Defense Minister, Lieutenant General
2298:
2270:
2255:
2174:
2079:
2063:
2036:
2032:
1864:
1796:
met with al-Bashir three days later and demanded that he disarm the Janjaweed.
1704:
1624:
1430:
1414:
1392:
1383:. firms have been barred from doing business in Sudan since 1997. In 1998, the
1336:
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1208:
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1130:
1069:
945:
834:
460:
211:
181:
166:
43:
7927:
6515:
4932:
4005:
3190:"Libya leader thanks Sudan for weapons that helped former rebels oust Gadhafi"
2614:
2548:
in September 2024. Al-Bashir is reported to be suffering from heart problems.
1904:
1755:
in June 2008, al-Bashir insisted that no more than 10,000 had died in Darfur.
1247:
On 16 October 1993, al-Bashir's increased his power when he appointed himself
9319:
9299:
9246:
9240:
9201:
9176:
9080:
8240:
8200:
7922:
7685:
7676:
7659:
7605:
6451:
6420:
6261:
6028:
5338:
5130:
5039:
4992:
4711:
4672:
3618:
3583:
3548:
3524:
3373:
2545:
2318:
2183:
2162:
2126:
2118:
1973:
1938:
1845:
1820:
1694:
1620:
1380:
1372:
1340:
1118:
958:
877:
826:
755:
728:
442:
419:
124:
47:
5824:
Bonkoungou, Mathieu; Bavier, Joe (5 November 2016). Evans, Catherine (ed.).
1529:
1433:, were established and were allowed to run for election against al-Bashir's
9260:
9140:
9127:
9113:
9010:
8902:
8026:
6952:
4890:
3933:
3382:
2500:
2464:
2286:
2158:
2106:
2098:
2071:
1910:
On 26 October 2011, al-Bashir said that Sudan gave military support to the
1819:(UNAMID). It was intended to have supplanted or supplemented a 7,000-troop
1812:
1789:
1613:
1586:
1581:
1094:
1081:
1006:
544:
344:
8553:
Playing it firm, fair and smart: the EU and the ICC's indictment of Bashir
8428:"Deposed Sudan dictator Al Bashir 'moved to Merowe for medical treatment'"
3516:
3436:
3221:
2920:
1987:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur § Omar al-Bashir
1154:
9235:
9134:
9026:
9020:
8562:
7982:"BNP Paribas sentenced in $ 8.9 billion accord over sanctions violations"
7787:
Saudi-led coalition strikes rebels in Yemen, inflaming tensions in region
7383:
7154:
7128:
6678:
6653:"Everything you need to know about human rights. – Amnesty International"
6424:
5031:
2984:"Africa :: Sudan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
2440:
2391:
2368:
2230:
2219:
2191:
2129:
condemned the warrant. Following the indictment Al-Bashir visited China,
2122:
2040:
1832:
1744:
1682:
1673:
1533:
Sudan's offer of and request for counter-terrorism assistance, April 1997
1348:
1295:
1060:
in a military coup d'état. In September 2019, Bashir was replaced by the
962:
873:
171:
3770:
3437:"International Criminal Court Cases in Africa: Status and Policy Issues"
2559:
1941:. However, the agreement was rejected by two other, smaller groups, the
6534:"ICC issues a warrant of arrest for Omar Al Bashir, President of Sudan"
6257:"Bashir vows to end rebellion and tribal clashes before 2015 elections"
2211:
2195:
2171:
as France has military bases in Djibouti and the United Arab Emirates.
2028:
1793:
1759:
1601:
1421:
After being re-elected president of Sudan with a five-year-term in the
1269:, where he was the only candidate legally allowed to run for election.
1126:
515:
505:
376:
8357:"Omar Bashir: ICC delegation begins talks in Sudan over former leader"
3709:[Al-Bashir attends his mother's funeral amid tight security].
2463:
On 17 April 2019, al-Bashir was moved from house arrest to Khartoum's
1707:
led to disputes over land between non-Arab sedentary farmers and Arab
1195:
8387:"Former Sudan Officials Leave Prison, Raising Questions about Bashir"
7479:
7140:
6165:"Omar al-Bashir Q&A: 'In Any War, Mistakes Happen on the Ground'"
5626:
5088:
Losing Bin Laden: How Bill Clinton's Failures Unleashed Global Terror
4661:"Sudanese Brigades Could Provide Key Aid for Iraq; Military Analysis"
3736:
3614:"اجواء مشحونة تخيم على ابيى بعد اشتباكات دامية بين الدينكا والمسيرية"
2508:
2024:
1889:
1739:
1708:
1507:
1351:-style anti-government demonstrations, raising discontent within the
1149:
where he completed his secondary education and became a supporter of
941:
882:
8540:
by Michael Johns, Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum No. 245,
4533:"Sudanese Islamist opposition leader denies link with Darfur rebels"
1851:
1290:
1999, al-Bashir sent troops and tanks against parliament and ousted
1056:
which demanded his removal from power. On 11 April 2019, Bashir was
833:
that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister
438:
7539:"International Court Adds Genocide to Charges Against Sudan Leader"
7510:
6857:
5238:
2924:
2533:
2524:
On 26 April 2023, the Sudanese Armed Forces stated that al-Bashir,
2130:
2087:
2016:
1956:", was signed in July 2011 between the government of Sudan and the
1885:
1877:
1785:
1767:
1495:
1400:
1388:
1102:
1022:
994:
986:
933:
548:
7006:"Turkey: No to safe haven for fugitive from international justice"
5119:"Trump Administration Moves to Upgrade Diplomatic Ties With Sudan"
1490:
From the early 1990s, after al-Bashir assumed power, Sudan backed
1473:
1153:. Al-Bashir is married to his cousin Fatima Khalid. He also has a
817:
under various titles from 1989 until 2019, when he was deposed in
772:
8327:"Sudan signals it may send former dictator Omar al-Bashir to ICC"
7862:"WikiLeaks cables: Sudanese president 'stashed $ 9bn in UK banks"
7821:
7268:"Arrest warrant against al-Bashir triggers int'l concern_English"
7040:
3473:
3194:
2735:
2350:
2338:
2146:
2138:
1301:
He was reelected by popular vote for a five-year term during the
1122:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
998:
990:
970:
868:
In October 2005, al-Bashir's government negotiated an end to the
8229:"Sudan's Ousted Leader Is Sentenced to Two Years for Corruption"
7763:
Sudan Joining Saudi Campaign in Yemen Shows Shift in Region Ties
5389:"Bashir: Sudan's autocrat turned pariah leaves ruptured country"
3608:
3606:
3544:"Sudan's Forces for Freedom and Change: 'Hand Al Bashir to ICC'"
3461:
2487:
alliance (FFC), which holds indirect political power during the
1968:
can determine its permanent status within the Republic of Sudan.
30:"al-Bashir" redirects here. For other people with the name, see
8566:
8114:"Jubilation as Sudan's Omar Al-Bashir 'under house arrest now'"
4146:
Stefano Bellucci, "Islam and Democracy: The 1999 Palace Coup",
2794:
2150:
2083:
2075:
1996:
1995:
Al-Bashir is accused of directing attacks against civilians in
1716:
1240:
1098:
1064:
which transferred executive power to a mixed civilian–military
1010:
978:
974:
854:
31:
8406:"Mystery of Ex-Dictator's Whereabouts Adds to Crisis in Sudan"
3706:
3467:
8637:
6853:"Sudan's Bashir offers help to Libya during criticised visit"
3603:
2615:"Sudan's Omar Al-Bashir attends Mid-East's Largest Arms Fair"
2434:
On 11 April 2019, al-Bashir was removed from his post by the
2215:
2154:
2134:
2067:
1897:
1893:
1881:
1873:
1724:
1478:
1110:
1042:
982:
914:
906:
552:
8865:
People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court
6536:. International Criminal Court. 4 March 2009. Archived from
6141:
6056:"Sudan accepts plan for joint peacekeeping force for Darfur"
5206:
Grasping the Nettle: Analyzing Cases of Intractable Conflict
3573:
3571:
3253:
2544:, where they remained until their transfer to a facility in
8170:"Sudan's Omar al-Bashir charged over killing of protesters"
8144:"Sudan crisis: Ex-President Omar al-Bashir moved to prison"
7731:"African Union demands ICC exempt leaders from prosecution"
6948:"Chad refuses to arrest Omar al-Bashir on genocide charges"
5327:"After Years of Struggle, South Sudan Becomes a New Nation"
4444:"To Bomb Sudan Plant, or Not: A Year Later, Debates Rankle"
3378:"Omar al-Bashir: genocidal mastermind or bringer of peace?"
2858:"Official: Sudan to hand over al-Bashir for genocide trial"
2413:
2335:
2282:
2207:
government, which stated that they would not carry it out.
2044:
1720:
1619:
Al-Bashir announced in August 2015 that he would travel to
1491:
1312:
and saw the formation of a power-sharing agreement between
1014:
1002:
910:
861:
announced that it had agreed to hand over al-Bashir to the
6792:
4768:"Carlos the Jackal Reportedly Arrested During Liposuction"
4630:"Head of opposition backs ICC's arrest warrant for Bashir"
4350:"Families of USS Cole Victims Sue Sudan for $ 105 Million"
2698:"Omar al-Bashir: Sudan ex-leader sentenced for corruption"
2625:
from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.
2258:, whose country is the main supplier of weapons to Sudan.
1076:
alliance (which holds indirect political power during the
7797:
7358:
5739:"Powell to Press Sudan to Ease the Way for Aid in Darfur"
3568:
3538:
3536:
3534:
1565:
1539:
7506:"President Omar al-Bashir declared winner of Sudan poll"
7416:"SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections"
6756:. 9 May 2011. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012
2105:(2005) referred Sudan to the ICC, which gives the court
5960:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. xxii.
3408:
1925:
Al Bashir had signed two peace agreements for Darfur:
8297:"Sudan's Bashir admits role in 1989 coup during trial"
7601:"Under Omar al-Bashir, Sudan is in steepening decline"
7386:"Sudan: We will fill the aid gaps, government insists"
6345:
5888:
What's Wrong with the United Nations and How to Fix it
5826:"Burkina Faso to withdraw Darfur peacekeepers by July"
3531:
3014:"Darfur peace talks to resume in Abuja on Tuesday: AU"
1556:
demanded that Sudan expel Bin Laden. Bashir complied.
1239:, who, along with al-Bashir, began institutionalizing
7446:"Eastern Sudan Beja, SPLM discuss electoral alliance"
7036:"Kenyan court issues arrest order for Sudan's Bashir"
5995:"Sudan orchestrated Darfur crimes, U.N. mission says"
4140:
3074:
2668:"Omar al-Bashir on trial: Will justice be delivered?"
9346:
Fugitives wanted by the International Criminal Court
8877:
ICC because of a national-level trial of the accused
8756:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
8487:
8196:"Two years in a rest home for Sudan's former tyrant"
8056:
McKintosh, Eliza; Griffiths, James (11 April 2019).
7133:"Fighter jets may guard al-Bashir's flight to Qatar"
6440:"Hague court accuses Sudanese president of genocide"
5931:. Associated Press. 1 September 2006. Archived from
3649:"Sudan's ex-President Bashir on trial for 1989 coup"
2766:"Dream election result for Sudan's President Bashir"
2555:
1952:
The 2011 Darfur Peace Agreement, also known as the "
1253:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
1221:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
1159:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
266:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
9351:
Fugitives wanted on crimes against humanity charges
8022:"Sudanese president calls for African space agency"
7476:"Sudan's al-Bashir wins landmark presidential poll"
6417:"Signing of Doha Agreement prompts mixed reactions"
5055:"Pakistan lodges protest over U.S. missile strikes"
4220:"IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Sudan"
3293:"Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir"
2880:
2795:Eliza Mackintosh; James Griffiths (11 April 2019).
2731:"FACTBOX – Sudan's President Omar Hassan al-Bashir"
1770:, the UN has not recognized the conflict as such. (
1331:with 68% of the popular vote; while Salva Kiir was
1133:tribe in middle north of Sudan (once a part of the
897:in the Darfur region. The civil war displaced over
8055:
6227:"Sudan armed Libyan rebels, says President Bashir"
5925:"Sudan reported to launch new offensive in Darfur"
5706:Kessler, Glenn; Lynch, Colum (10 September 2004).
5387:
5157:"Omar al-Bashir to speak at UN Summit in New York"
5085:
5053:McIntyre, Jamie; Koppel, Andrea (21 August 1998).
4888:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3160:"Sudan armed Libyan rebels, says President Bashir"
2503:stated that al-Bashir would be transferred to the
1572:end sanctions against Bashir's regime. Ambassador
7408:
6438:Simons, Marlise; Polgreen, Lydia (14 July 2008).
6319:"Peace Agreements, Sudan, Darfur Peace Agreement"
5957:Annual Review of United Nations Affairs 2009/2010
5187:"The U.S. Committee for Refugees Crisis in Sudan"
3737:"البشير يحضر مراسم دفن والدته.. وجدل على 'تويتر'"
2725:
2723:
2325:
1358:
1227:, prime minister, chief of the armed forces, and
9317:
7186:"Uproar in Sudan over Bashir war crimes warrant"
6557:
6555:
6082:"Sudanese president answers questions on Darfur"
5823:
4386:. Archived from the original on 20 October 2002.
4184:
4182:
3707:"البشير يحضر جنازة والدته وسط حراسة أمنية مشددة"
2760:
2758:
8538:"A Cautious Welcome for Sudan's New Government"
7384:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
7299:"ICC prosecutor seeks arrest of Sudan's Bashir"
6787:
6785:
6716:. Archived from the original on 30 October 2017
6710:"Peking empfängt al-Bashir wie einen Ehrengast"
6707:
5575:"Tribune correspondent charged as spy in Sudan"
5203:
4977:Carney, Timothy; Ijaz, Mansoor (30 June 2002).
4925:"Democratic Fundraiser Pursues Agenda on Sudan"
4316:. Archived from the original on 20 October 2002
3679:"The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir"
3499:Hassan, Mai; Kodouda, Ahmed (11 October 2019).
3411:"After Bashir warrant, Sudan united in protest"
3359:
2637:"Sudan coup: Why Omar al-Bashir was overthrown"
2478:
2103:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593
2062:2009 by a pre-trial chamber composed of judges
1474:Engagement with the U.S. and European countries
7811:Sudan maintains balancing act with Saudi, Iran
7571:"Sudan President Blocked from Saudi Air Space"
6754:Coalition for the International Criminal Court
6598:
6596:
6437:
5052:
4979:"Intelligence Failure? Let's Go Back to Sudan"
4895:"Intelligence Failure? Let's Go Back to Sudan"
4253:"War in Sudan? Not Where the Oil Wealth Flows"
4039:"Military Coup in Sudan Ousts Civilian Regime"
3987:"Example of Section Blog layout (FAQ section)"
3924:
3282:
3280:
3080:"AUF Ineffective, Complain Refugees in Darfur"
2720:
2058:An arrest warrant for al-Bashir was issued on
1817:United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur
1799:After fighting stopped in July and August, on
1727:and the 1984–1985 Darfur famine. In 2003, the
1203:When he returned to Sudan as a colonel in the
9366:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
8849:
8620:
8557:European Union Institute for Security Studies
7948:
7728:
6917:"Bashir leaves Nigeria amid calls for arrest"
6552:
5953:
4471:
4469:
4179:
4112:
4110:
3930:"President Bashir, you are hereby charged..."
3498:
3372:
2755:
2317:Al Bashir meeting with Indian Prime Minister
2301:during a meeting in Sochi on 27 November 2017
2003:On 14 July 2008, the Chief Prosecutor of the
1251:of the country, after which he disbanded the
913:. The rebels in Darfur lost the support from
791:
8051:
8049:
7979:
7242:"The Organization of the Islamic Conference"
7069:"SA court to rule on Sudan president's fate"
6782:
5705:
4441:
4243:
4241:
3044:"Hundreds Killed in Attacks in Eastern Chad"
2948:
2946:
2357:
2178:Al-Bashir in Beijing, China, 3 November 2006
2153:. On 28 November 2011, following a visit to
1945:(JEM) and a rival faction of the SLA led by
1580:In August 1996, American hedge-fund manager
1395:strike because of its alleged production of
1052:From December 2018 onwards, al-Bashir faced
851:indicted by the International Criminal Court
9391:National Congress Party (Sudan) politicians
8188:
8058:"Sudan's Omar al-Bashir forced out in coup"
8016:
7660:"Economic Genocide Under International Law"
7127:
7099:"Laughter as court told Al-Bashir has left"
6750:"ICC Suspect Al-Bashir Travels to Djibouti"
6593:
3824:"وفاة خال البشير... أبرز خصوم جنوب السودان"
3277:
2915:
2913:
2237:Al-Bashir was one of the candidates in the
1646:2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
8856:
8842:
8627:
8613:
6351:
6162:
5992:
5954:Muller, Joachim; Sauvant, Karl P. (2011).
5017:
4976:
4466:
4410:
4107:
3896:"Omar al-Bashir: Sudan's ousted president"
3501:"Sudan's Uprising: The Fall of a Dictator"
1774:List of declarations of genocide in Darfur
1482:Bashir and U.S. Deputy Secretary of State
1080:), Hamdok, and Sovereignty Council member
798:
784:
67:
8046:
7675:
7468:
7296:
6354:"Sudan, Main Rebel Group Sign Peace Deal"
6352:Kessler, Glenn; Wax, Emily (5 May 2006).
5676:
5513:"Darfur Destroyed – Destroying Evidence?"
5324:
4658:
4593:Political Handbook of the World 2018–2019
4380:"Bin Laden uses Iraq to plot new attacks"
4310:"Bin Laden uses Iraq to plot new attacks"
4247:
4238:
3862:. United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Books.
3855:
3249:
3247:
2943:
2489:39-month Sudanese transition to democracy
1327:Al-Bashir was reelected president in the
1078:39-month Sudanese transition to democracy
7066:
6617:
6615:
4589:
4126:
3851:
3849:
3409:HENRY OWUOR in Khartoum (5 March 2009).
2910:
2665:
2373:
2312:
2292:
2276:
2224:
2173:
1990:
1980:
1850:
1698:
1640:
1528:
1477:
1353:Sudanese Workers' Trade Union Federation
1194:
1093:Al-Bashir was born on 1 January 1944 in
1088:
921:and the collapse of his regime in 2011.
97:16 October 1993 – 11 April 2019
6982:. Amnesty International. Archived from
6053:
5767:
5736:
5708:"U.S. Calls Killings in Sudan Genocide"
5619:
5420:"Frost Over the World – Darfur special"
5385:
5083:
4307:
3859:Omar Al-Bashir and Africa's Longest War
3643:
3641:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3157:
2797:"Sudan's government has been dissolved"
2402:
2345:, who was deposed during the 2011–2012
2332:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
2121:ever indicted by the ICC. However, the
876:. In the Darfur region, he oversaw the
278:30 June 1989 – 16 October 1993
14:
9356:Fugitives wanted on war crimes charges
9318:
8227:Dahir, Abdi Latif (13 December 2019).
8012:
8010:
7859:
7657:
7536:
5654:"Darfur: A 'Plan B' to Stop Genocide?"
5555:from the original on 26 September 2007
4697:
4525:
4082:
4036:
4003:
3791:
3244:
3139:from the original on 30 September 2009
2039:—with a campaign of murder, rape, and
1568:Africa Bureau chief on condition that
592:This article is part of a series about
8837:
8608:
8493:
8403:
8226:
7710:from the original on 17 December 2019
7309:from the original on 16 February 2009
7216:"Arab leaders snub al-Bashir warrant"
6885:"Sudan president Bashir visits Libya"
6633:from the original on 17 February 2009
6612:
6476:
6458:from the original on 27 November 2020
6195:"Sudan, Chad agree to end proxy wars"
5993:Waddington, Richard (12 March 2007).
5884:
5866:from the original on 17 December 2019
5856:"U.N. OKs 26,000 Darfur Peacekeepers"
5805:from the original on 17 December 2019
5737:Marquis, Christopher (30 June 2004).
5451:"The horrors of Darfur's ground zero"
5448:
5400:from the original on 10 December 2022
5137:from the original on 14 December 2019
5065:from the original on 21 December 2019
4748:from the original on 16 December 2019
4718:from the original on 16 December 2019
4640:from the original on 15 December 2019
4571:from the original on 15 December 2019
4487:from the original on 17 November 2015
4289:from the original on 18 December 2014
4095:from the original on 2 September 2013
4018:from the original on 31 December 2010
3967:from the original on 24 December 2009
3846:
3480:from the original on 19 December 2019
3449:from the original on 30 December 2017
3202:from the original on 20 November 2013
3024:from the original on 30 November 2005
2868:from the original on 12 February 2020
2855:
2837:from the original on 25 December 2018
2776:from the original on 25 December 2018
2708:from the original on 14 December 2020
2423:
2341:and forces loyal to former president
2043:. The arrest warrant is supported by
1662:Nairobi Comprehensive Peace Agreement
969:as well as the governments of Libya,
885:militia and rebel groups such as the
9456:Fugitives wanted on genocide charges
7992:from the original on 17 October 2019
7961:from the original on 7 November 2019
7892:"Bank denies WikiLeaks' Sudan claim"
7872:from the original on 31 January 2017
7827:
7743:from the original on 23 January 2015
7581:from the original on 1 November 2013
7396:from the original on 19 October 2023
7355:"Sudan orders aid agency expulsions"
7335:from the original on 27 January 2011
7183:
7067:Mataboge, Mmanaledi (14 June 2015).
7048:from the original on 11 October 2021
6960:from the original on 16 January 2017
6945:
6833:from the original on 31 October 2015
6497:from the original on 24 January 2023
6480:R2P and the US Intervention in Libya
6364:from the original on 19 October 2017
6299:from the original on 6 November 2017
6269:from the original on 6 November 2013
6237:from the original on 26 October 2011
6062:from the original on 29 October 2008
6035:from the original on 25 October 2008
6005:from the original on 28 January 2021
5974:from the original on 24 January 2023
5905:from the original on 24 January 2023
5749:from the original on 2 February 2009
5523:from the original on 27 October 2020
5345:from the original on 19 October 2022
5306:from the original on 24 January 2023
5246:from the original on 25 January 2009
5116:
4958:from the original on 19 October 2017
4945:
4808:from the original on 19 October 2017
4798:"1996 CIA Memo to Sudanese Official"
4778:from the original on 19 October 2017
4679:from the original on 8 December 2019
4610:from the original on 24 January 2023
4360:from the original on 6 November 2018
4200:from the original on 28 January 2014
4006:"Chickens are coming home to roost!"
3906:from the original on 23 October 2021
3876:from the original on 24 January 2023
3796:[President Omar al-Bashir].
3747:from the original on 24 January 2023
3659:from the original on 1 February 2021
3638:
3626:from the original on 9 November 2019
3591:from the original on 6 November 2019
3556:from the original on 6 November 2019
3470:"Sudan's Bashir Forced to Step Down"
3390:from the original on 4 November 2013
3347:from the original on 9 November 2016
3318:
2994:from the original on 11 January 2021
2931:from the original on 20 October 2013
2743:from the original on 2 February 2009
2678:from the original on 24 January 2023
1466:and encouraging bin Laden to leave.
1403:. However the U.S. State Department
1286:and his supporters to be formed. On
924:In July 2008, the prosecutor of the
27:President of Sudan from 1989 to 2019
9421:Politicians convicted of corruption
8477:
8416:from the original on 26 April 2023.
8404:Dahir, Abdi Latif (26 April 2023).
8393:from the original on 26 April 2023.
8367:from the original on 5 January 2021
8337:from the original on 13 August 2020
8034:from the original on 2 January 2017
8007:
6897:from the original on 4 October 2013
6865:from the original on 6 January 2016
6679:"Arab leaders back 'wanted' Bashir"
6187:
6118:from the original on 8 January 2023
5620:Beeston, Richard (12 August 2004).
5426:. 21 September 2008. Archived from
4946:Ijaz, Mansoor (30 September 1998).
4840:from the original on 8 October 2014
4477:"Profile: Sudan's President Bashir"
4454:from the original on 5 October 2002
4411:Spetalnick, Matt (7 October 2017).
3695:from the original on 24 April 2023.
3337:"Warrant issued for Sudan's Bashir"
3158:Copnall, James (26 November 2011).
2647:from the original on 4 January 2021
2380:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
2330:In 2015, Sudan participated in the
2321:, New Delhi, India, 30 October 2015
2239:2010 Sudanese presidential election
2200:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1828:United Nations Human Rights Council
1824:Mission in Sudan peacekeeping force
1405:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
1333:elected President of Southern Sudan
1164:In 1975, al-Bashir was sent to the
24:
8524:"Sudanese President Threaten Wars"
8307:from the original on 16 March 2023
8277:from the original on 16 March 2023
8176:from the original on 30 March 2020
8150:from the original on 17 April 2019
8124:from the original on 11 April 2019
7841:from the original on 20 April 2018
7155:"Sudan leader in Qatar for summit"
6054:Lederer, Edith M. (12 June 2007).
5862:. Associated Press. 31 July 2007.
5836:from the original on 29 March 2019
5795:"Sudan warms to Darfur force plan"
5325:Gettleman, Jeffrey (9 July 2011).
5272:. 12 February 2004. Archived from
5234:"Sudan bids rebel leader farewell"
5167:from the original on 7 August 2015
5084:Miniter, Richard (1 August 2003).
4999:from the original on 8 August 2018
4659:Middleton, Drew (4 October 1982).
4561:"Profile: Sudan's Islamist leader"
4423:from the original on 19 March 2018
4190:"Sudan president wins re-election"
4051:from the original on 2 August 2008
3804:from the original on 16 March 2023
3170:from the original on 16 April 2014
3129:"Sudan cuts Chad ties over attack"
2964:from the original on 14 April 2009
2954:"Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict"
2666:Alsaafin, Linah (24 August 2019).
2598:from websites or documents of the
2458:
2097:Sudan is not a state party to the
2013:individual criminal responsibility
1318:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
1294:, the speaker of parliament, in a
1105:, to a family that hails from the
25:
9482:
9411:People of the Sudanese revolution
8505:
7949:Mohammed Amin (13 October 2019).
7860:Hirsch, Afua (17 December 2010).
7835:"Profile: Sudan's Omar al-Bashir"
7729:Geoffrey York (13 October 2013).
7551:from the original on 18 July 2011
7486:from the original on 6 March 2019
7365:from the original on 6 March 2009
7248:from the original on 31 July 2021
7222:from the original on 5 April 2011
7196:from the original on 5 March 2017
7165:from the original on 7 April 2014
7109:from the original on 17 June 2015
7079:from the original on 16 June 2015
7012:. 6 November 2009. Archived from
6927:from the original on 16 July 2013
6803:from the original on 8 March 2013
6689:from the original on 7 April 2014
6623:"Sudan ICC charges concern Mbeki"
6108:"War in Sudan's Darfur 'is over'"
5718:from the original on 8 March 2019
5543:"Country of Origin Report: Sudan"
5493:from the original on 28 June 2015
4226:from the original on 2 April 2015
3856:Moorcraft, Paul (30 April 2015).
3717:from the original on 30 July 2019
3232:from the original on 30 June 2012
2898:from the original on 7 March 2013
2807:from the original on 13 July 2019
2600:United States Department of State
1855:Darfur refugee camp in Chad, 2005
1668:for six years, to be followed by
1544:United States Department of State
1512:Popular Arab and Islamic Congress
845:. In 1992, al-Bashir founded the
9466:Sudanese Military College alumni
9461:Prisoners and detainees of Sudan
9431:Sudanese prisoners and detainees
9336:Egyptian Military Academy alumni
8929:Democratic Republic of the Congo
8811:Transitional Sovereignty Council
8799:Transitional Sovereignty Council
8698:
8636:
8438:
8420:
8397:
8379:
8349:
8319:
8289:
8259:
8220:
8208:from the original on 11 May 2020
8162:
8136:
8106:
8080:
7973:
7942:
7910:
7884:
7853:
7803:
7779:
7755:
7722:
7692:
7658:Morris, P Sean (February 2018).
7651:
7625:
7613:from the original on 1 July 2017
7593:
7563:
7537:Simons, Marlise (12 July 2010).
7530:
7518:from the original on 10 May 2020
7498:
7438:
7377:
7347:
7321:
7297:Thomasson, Emma (14 July 2008).
7290:
7260:
7244:. Council on Foreign Relations.
7234:
7208:
7177:
7147:
7121:
7091:
7060:
7028:
6998:
6972:
6939:
6909:
6877:
6845:
6815:
6742:
6708:sda/ddp/afp/dpa (29 June 2011).
6701:
6671:
6645:
6526:
6509:
6477:Abomo, Paul Tang (22 May 2018).
6470:
6431:
6409:
6376:
6311:
6281:
6249:
6219:
6156:
6130:
6100:
6074:
6047:
6017:
5986:
5947:
5917:
5885:Weiss, Thomas G. (20 May 2013).
5878:
5848:
5817:
5787:
5761:
5730:
5699:
5664:from the original on 6 June 2017
5646:
5613:
5591:
5583:. 26 August 2006. Archived from
5567:
5386:Pilling, David (11 April 2019).
5210:United States Institute of Peace
5117:Wong, Edward (4 December 2019).
4442:Risen, James (27 October 1999).
4263:from the original on 11 May 2011
4167:from the original on 16 May 2013
3834:from the original on 16 May 2021
3798:وقائع الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا
3090:from the original on 16 May 2011
3056:from the original on 16 May 2011
2856:Magdy, Samy (11 February 2020).
2594: This article incorporates
2589:
2558:
2297:Al-Bashir and Russian President
2117:Al-Bashir was the first sitting
1972:The agreement also provided for
1711:nomads (see illustrative photo).
1688:
1564:hotel between Erwa and the then
1145:, and his family later moved to
1097:, a village on the outskirts of
829:, he led a group of officers in
771:
711:2011 South Sudanese independence
583:
437:
413:
397:
8247:from the original on 1 May 2020
8068:from the original on 3 May 2019
7894:. Nuneaton-news. Archived from
6391:, 27 April 2011, archived from
6207:from the original on 8 May 2021
6088:from the original on 3 May 2009
5770:"Sudan rejects 30-day deadline"
5535:
5505:
5475:
5442:
5412:
5379:
5370:
5357:
5318:
5296:"Sudanese flesh out final deal"
5288:
5258:
5226:
5197:
5179:
5149:
5110:
5092:. Regnery Publishing. pp.
5077:
5046:
5011:
4970:
4939:
4931:. 29 April 1997. Archived from
4917:
4882:
4852:
4820:
4790:
4760:
4730:
4698:Perlez, Jane (26 August 1998).
4691:
4652:
4622:
4590:Lansford, Tom (19 March 2019).
4583:
4553:
4512:
4499:
4435:
4404:
4372:
4342:
4301:
4275:
4212:
4153:
4076:
4063:
4030:
3997:
3989:. 17 April 2014. Archived from
3979:
3953:
3918:
3888:
3816:
3785:
3759:
3729:
3699:
3671:
3492:
3429:
3402:
3214:
3182:
3151:
3121:
3102:
3068:
3036:
3006:
2976:
2921:"Death toll disputed in Darfur"
2849:
1958:Liberation and Justice Movement
1805:United Nations Security Council
1784:stated in September 2004 "that
1385:Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory
1137:). As a child, Al-Bashir loved
1068:and a civilian prime minister,
944:in Darfur. The court issued an
9406:People indicted for war crimes
9376:Leaders who took power by coup
8467:
7452:. 28 July 2008. Archived from
7422:. 26 July 2008. Archived from
6829:. New Delhi. 26 October 2015.
6561:International Criminal Court (
6423:. 15 July 2011. Archived from
6084:. Finalcall.com. 14 May 2007.
4083:Walker, Peter (14 July 2008).
4004:Bekele, Yilma (12 July 2008).
3767:"البشير يحضر مراسم دفن والدته"
3286:International Criminal Court (
2819:
2788:
2690:
2659:
2629:
2607:
2326:Military intervention in Yemen
2011:, alleged that al-Bashir bore
1964:to oversee the region until a
1766:has described the conflict as
1657:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1651:When al-Bashir took power the
1630:
1452:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1359:Tensions with Hassan al-Turabi
1329:2010 Sudanese general election
1303:2000 Sudanese general election
1184:
1125:tribe belonging to the larger
1062:Transitionary Military Council
706:1998 constitutional referendum
241:Himself as Chairman of the RCC
13:
1:
8793:Transitional Military Council
7918:"Omer Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir"
7609:. Khartoum. 1 February 2014.
6517:(Official Channel of the ICC)
6327:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
6163:Sam Dealey (14 August 2009).
5768:Elgabir, Nima (2 July 2004).
5603:International Press Institute
5449:Grave, A Mass (28 May 2007).
5367:, Ithaca, NY, 2005, pp. 42–44
4866:. 18 May 1996. Archived from
4507:The Future of Political Islam
3224:. Federal Research Division,
3198:. Reuters. 26 November 2011.
2584:
2449:Transitional Military Council
2269:in part the Fur, Masalit and
2049:Genocide Intervention Network
1943:Justice and Equality Movement
1729:Justice and Equality Movement
1623:in September to speak at the
1179:
1101:, just north of the capital,
891:Justice and Equality Movement
736:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
257:Transitional Military Council
9401:People indicted for genocide
9396:People from River Nile State
8709:Democratic Republic of Sudan
8520:at The Hague Justice Portal.
8489:ʿUmar Ḥasan ʾAḥmad al-Bashīr
7704:International Criminal Court
5599:"World Press Freedom Review"
5483:"Darfur Destroyed – Summary"
4308:Shahzad (23 February 2002).
4037:Cowell, Alan (1 July 1989).
3686:International Criminal Court
3255:International Criminal Court
2530:Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein
2519:
2485:Forces of Freedom and Change
2479:International Criminal Court
2382:(OIC) in Sudan, January 2019
2005:International Criminal Court
1670:a referendum on independence
1606:East Africa embassy bombings
1272:
1260:to replace the battered old
1074:Forces of Freedom and Change
926:International Criminal Court
761:South Kordofan and Blue Nile
701:2010 gubernatorial elections
7:
9416:People of the War in Darfur
8518:Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
8512:Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir
8488:
8389:. VOA News. 26 April 2023.
8172:. Al Jazeera. 13 May 2019.
8146:. BBC News. 17 April 2019.
7980:Nate Raymond (1 May 2015).
7664:The Journal of Criminal Law
3792:Fanack (12 February 2020).
2831:United Human Rights Council
2551:
2233:, Ethiopia, 31 January 2009
2141:, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the
1585:upon his return, including
857:. On 11 February 2020, the
811:Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
766:2011–2013 Sudanese protests
676:State Sponsors of Terrorism
329:Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
222:Hassabu Mohamed Abdalrahman
10:
9487:
7184:Rice, Xan (4 March 2009).
6946:Rice, Xan (22 July 2010).
5266:"Peace prospects in Sudan"
3830:(in Arabic). 16 May 2021.
2427:
1984:
1848:, and the United Nations.
1811:which called for a new UN
1692:
1634:
1439:2000 presidential election
1427:Liberal Democrats of Sudan
1377:state sponsor of terrorism
1188:
1135:Kingdom of Egypt and Sudan
227:Osman Mohamed Yousif Kibir
29:
9270:
9226:
9192:
9150:
9089:
9063:
9035:
8984:
8927:
8909:Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona
8882:
8871:
8820:
8771:
8728:
8707:
8696:
8649:
8596:
8587:
8579:
8574:
8555:, opinion by Reed Brody,
6774:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6734:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5891:. John Wiley & Sons.
4396:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4334:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4085:"Profile: Omar al-Bashir"
3961:"Profile: Omar al-Bashir"
2430:2019 Sudanese coup d'état
2358:Allegations of corruption
1962:Darfur Regional Authority
1664:9 January 2005, granting
1653:Second Sudanese Civil War
1637:Second Sudanese Civil War
1310:Second Sudanese Civil War
1191:1989 Sudanese coup d'état
870:Second Sudanese Civil War
570:
566:
562:
558:
539:
529:
521:
503:
499:
488:
483:
479:
471:Second Sudanese Civil War
448:
433:
425:
408:
392:
387:
382:Egyptian Military Academy
375:
365:
354:
324:
319:
315:
305:
292:
282:
271:
263:
245:
235:
138:
101:
90:
82:
78:
66:
57:
41:
9381:Leaders ousted by a coup
9216:al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz
8883:Central African Republic
8460:
7837:. BBC. 5 December 2011.
7792:16 November 2017 at the
7677:10.1177/0022018317749698
6483:. Springer. p. 25.
5688:1 September 2013 at the
5630:. London. Archived from
4860:"Sudan Expels Bin Laden"
4738:"U.S. – Sudan Relations"
4150:7, no. 3 (June 2000):168
3222:"Sudan: Country Studies"
2483:On 5 November 2019, the
2289:, Tehran, 31 August 2012
1782:United States Government
1764:United States government
1733:Sudanese Liberation Army
1391:was destroyed by a U.S.
1072:. Two months later, the
903:the diplomatic relations
887:Sudanese Liberation Army
681:Operation Infinite Reach
456:First Sudanese Civil War
58:
8919:Mahamat Said Abdel Kani
7816:1 December 2018 at the
7768:6 November 2017 at the
7637:24 January 2023 at the
2365:leaked diplomatic cable
2021:crimes against humanity
1666:Southern Sudan autonomy
1514:(PAIC), spearheaded by
1460:international isolation
1435:National Congress Party
1322:National Congress Party
1320:(SPLM) and al Bashir's
1284:National Congress Party
938:crimes against humanity
932:, accused al-Bashir of
847:National Congress Party
359:National Congress Party
9446:Anti-Zionism in Africa
9441:Anti-Western sentiment
9208:Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi
8271:mubasher.aljazeera.net
7331:. IRIN. 4 March 2009.
6797:United to End Genocide
5658:US Department of State
5605:. 2005. Archived from
5365:The Ambiguous Genocide
4948:"Olive Branch Ignored"
4135:9/11 Commission Report
2596:public domain material
2410:Square Kilometre Array
2383:
2322:
2302:
2290:
2234:
2179:
2000:
1931:Darfur Peace Agreement
1856:
1839:2007, pursuant to the
1712:
1648:
1610:cruise missile strikes
1554:Clinton Administration
1534:
1487:
1464:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
1375:had listed Sudan as a
1365:Islamic fundamentalist
1267:1996 national election
1237:National Islamic Front
1200:
1199:Omar al-Bashir in 1989
741:Darfur Peace Agreement
197:Second Vice Presidents
9361:Genocide perpetrators
9166:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
8967:Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
8954:Callixte Mbarushimana
7010:Amnesty International
6890:The Belfast Telegraph
6603:Amnesty International
6385:Darfur Peace Document
6323:Conflict Encyclopedia
4742:U.S. Embassy in Sudan
4636:. AFP. 9 March 2009.
4538:12 April 2020 at the
4222:. Electionguide.org.
3517:10.1353/jod.2019.0071
3114:11 April 2019 at the
3076:Alfred de Montesquiou
3018:People's Daily Online
2888:"South Sudan profile"
2436:Sudanese Armed Forces
2420:would be affordable.
2418:European Space Agency
2377:
2316:
2296:
2280:
2228:
2177:
2112:Amnesty International
2053:Amnesty International
1994:
1981:Indictment by the ICC
1854:
1702:
1644:
1532:
1481:
1443:legislative elections
1198:
1089:Early and family life
893:(JEM) in the form of
815:Sudan's head of state
746:Doha Agreement (2011)
426:Years of service
157:First Vice Presidents
8960:Sylvestre Mudacumura
8946:Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
8452:. 26 September 2024.
8434:. 22 September 2024.
8333:. 11 February 2020.
8303:. 20 December 2022.
8204:. 18 December 2019.
8020:(6 September 2012).
7143:on 27 December 2013.
7044:. 28 November 2011.
7016:on 11 September 2012
6986:on 11 September 2012
6714:Neue Zürcher Zeitung
6058:. Associated Press.
5801:. 17 November 2006.
5193:on 10 December 2004.
5032:10.5339/messa.2015.7
4483:. 25 November 2003.
4132:The Appendix of the
3505:Journal of Democracy
2960:. 23 February 2010.
2827:"Genocide in Darfur"
2704:. 14 December 2019.
2542:Wadi Seidna Air Base
2445:National Legislature
2403:African space agency
2143:United Arab Emirates
1753:Frost Over The World
1608:, the U.S. launched
1371:to the country. The
1235:, the leader of the
1166:United Arab Emirates
1054:large-scale protests
1047:United Arab Emirates
967:Non-Aligned Movement
543:Incarcerated at the
349:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
311:Himself as President
287:Zubair Mohamed Salih
255:(as Chairman of the
162:Zubair Mohamed Salih
9426:Presidents of Sudan
9183:Mahmoud al-Werfalli
9016:Abdel Rahim Hussein
8773:Transitional period
8689:Sovereignty Council
8679:Sovereignty Council
8661:Sovereignty Council
8643:Presidents of Sudan
8478:عمر حسن أحمد البشير
8363:. 17 October 2020.
7073:Mail & Guardian
6659:on 14 November 2014
6427:on 2 November 2013.
6358:The Washington Post
6289:"UNAMID Background"
6233:. 26 October 2011.
6203:. 9 February 2010.
6200:Mail & Guardian
6144:on 19 February 2014
5712:The Washington Post
5609:on 7 February 2009.
4984:The Washington Post
4929:The Washington Post
4905:on 24 November 2011
4899:The Washington Post
4870:on 18 February 2014
4802:The Washington Post
4567:. 15 January 2009.
4251:(24 October 2006).
3794:"الرئيس عمر البشير"
3622:. 8 November 2019.
3587:. 5 November 2019.
3552:. 5 November 2019.
3226:Library of Congress
3084:The Washington Post
3078:(16 October 2006).
3049:The Washington Post
2990:. 2 November 2021.
2497:Sovereignty Council
2378:The meeting of the
2133:, Egypt, Ethiopia,
1861:Martin Luther Agwai
1229:Minister of Defence
1066:Sovereignty Council
955:Sudanese government
917:after the death of
859:Government of Sudan
692:Sudanese revolution
525:Two years in prison
217:Al-Haj Adam Youssef
207:Moses Kacoul Machar
177:Salva Kiir Mayardit
130:Mohamed Tahir Ayala
9471:Sudanese Islamists
9290:Maria Lvova-Belova
8590:President of Sudan
8575:Political offices
8410:The New York Times
8301:Al Arabiya English
8233:The New York Times
8062:Cable News Network
7930:on 6 November 2013
7736:The Globe and Mail
7544:The New York Times
7278:on 9 November 2013
6893:. 7 January 2012.
6861:. 7 January 2012.
6827:The Indian Express
6444:The New York Times
6114:. 27 August 2009.
5774:Independent Online
5743:The New York Times
5692:, United Nations,
5587:on 29 August 2006.
5517:Human Rights Watch
5487:Human Rights Watch
5463:on 4 February 2009
5430:on 28 January 2014
5376:Prunier, pp. 47–52
5331:The New York Times
5302:. 7 October 2004.
5276:on 2 February 2009
5208:. Washington, DC:
5123:The New York Times
4804:. 3 October 2001.
4774:. 21 August 1994.
4704:The New York Times
4665:The New York Times
4522:, (2006), pp.221–3
4448:The New York Times
4257:The New York Times
4249:Gettleman, Jeffrey
4148:Middle East Policy
4044:The New York Times
3941:on 2 February 2009
3902:. 14 August 2019.
2526:Bakri Hassan Saleh
2453:Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
2424:Ousting from power
2388:$ 8.9 billion fine
2384:
2343:Ali Abdullah Saleh
2323:
2303:
2291:
2285:'s Supreme Leader
2248:The New York Times
2235:
2194:Secretary-General
2187:Muammar al-Gaddafi
2180:
2168:Sudanese Air Force
2092:dissenting opinion
2009:Luis Moreno Ocampo
2001:
1947:Abdul Wahid al Nur
1903:Chadian President
1857:
1835:, Ethiopia, on 11–
1749:Al Jazeera English
1713:
1705:droughts in Darfur
1649:
1598:Madeleine Albright
1535:
1496:invasion of Kuwait
1488:
1448:state of emergency
1410:The New York Times
1201:
930:Luis Moreno Ocampo
899:2.5 million people
645:President of Sudan
540:Imprisoned at
371:Widad Babiker Omer
252:Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
202:George Kongor Arop
192:Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
187:Bakri Hassan Saleh
120:Bakri Hassan Saleh
85:President of Sudan
9313:
9312:
9071:Charles Blé Goudé
8891:Jean-Pierre Bemba
8831:
8830:
8730:Republic of Sudan
8651:Republic of Sudan
8603:
8602:
8583:Ahmad al-Mirghani
8495:[ba'ʃiːr]
8486:
8120:. 11 April 2019.
7577:. 4 August 2013.
7514:. 26 April 2010.
7482:. 26 April 2010.
7161:. 29 March 2009.
7131:(28 March 2009).
6490:978-3-319-78831-9
6265:. 28 March 2009.
6175:on 18 August 2009
5967:978-0-19-975911-8
5898:978-0-7456-6146-9
5660:. 11 April 2007.
5580:Los Angeles Times
5242:. 6 August 2005.
5103:978-0-89526-074-1
4952:Los Angeles Times
4889:Carney, Timothy;
4828:"The Osama Files"
4772:Los Angeles Times
4603:978-1-5443-2713-6
4520:The Looming Tower
4196:. 27 April 2010.
3993:on 17 April 2014.
3376:(20 April 2011).
3265:on 25 August 2009
3228:. 22 March 2011.
3109:Darfur – overview
3052:. 11 April 2007.
2927:. 28 March 2008.
2772:. 27 April 2010.
2643:. 15 April 2019.
2574:Politics of Sudan
2439:president of the
2347:Yemeni Revolution
2267:intent to destroy
1859:In 2009, General
1574:Timothy M. Carney
1524:Carlos the Jackal
1500:Carlos the Jackal
948:for al-Bashir on
895:guerrilla warfare
839:Ahmed al-Mirghani
823:brigadier general
808:
807:
654:
610:
609:
574:
573:
484:Criminal details
299:Ahmed al-Mirghani
73:Al-Bashir in 2009
16:(Redirected from
9478:
9451:Authoritarianism
9436:Anti-Americanism
9280:Valery Gerasimov
9171:Abdullah Senussi
9121:Francis Muthaura
9055:Hamlet Guchmazov
9050:Mikhail Mindzaev
8858:
8851:
8844:
8835:
8834:
8813:† (2021–present)
8702:
8641:
8640:
8629:
8622:
8615:
8606:
8605:
8580:Preceded by
8572:
8571:
8543:
8533:
8499:
8497:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8471:
8454:
8453:
8450:Associated Press
8442:
8436:
8435:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8401:
8395:
8394:
8383:
8377:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8353:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8342:
8323:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8213:
8192:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8181:
8166:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8155:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8110:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8094:on 11 April 2019
8090:. Archived from
8084:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8073:
8053:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8039:
8014:
8005:
8004:
7999:
7997:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7935:
7926:. Archived from
7914:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7903:
7898:on 21 April 2013
7888:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7857:
7851:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7831:
7825:
7824:. 30 April 2015.
7807:
7801:
7800:. 27 March 2015.
7783:
7777:
7776:. 27 March 2015.
7759:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7706:. 12 July 2010.
7696:
7690:
7689:
7679:
7655:
7649:
7647:
7643:
7629:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7575:Voice of America
7567:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7534:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7523:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7472:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7442:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7426:on 24 April 2021
7412:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7361:. 4 March 2009.
7351:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7340:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7274:. Archived from
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7212:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7181:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7170:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7139:. Archived from
7137:Ethiopian Review
7125:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7105:. 15 June 2015.
7095:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6976:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6913:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6902:
6881:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6838:
6819:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6789:
6780:
6779:
6773:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6733:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6655:. Archived from
6649:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6629:. 27 July 2008.
6619:
6610:
6608:
6600:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6580:on 6 March 2009.
6579:
6573:. Archived from
6572:
6564:
6559:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6540:on 10 March 2009
6530:
6524:
6518:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6413:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6390:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6333:on 22 March 2016
6329:. Archived from
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6171:. Archived from
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6140:. Archived from
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6104:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6078:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6031:. 12 July 2007.
6021:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5935:on 11 March 2007
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5554:
5547:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5459:. Archived from
5446:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5391:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5368:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5189:. Archived from
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5091:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4935:on 11 June 2014.
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4901:. Archived from
4893:(30 June 2002).
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4836:. January 2002.
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4529:
4523:
4516:
4510:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4395:
4387:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4333:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4186:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4163:. Workmall.com.
4157:
4151:
4144:
4138:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4114:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4080:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4011:Ethiopian Review
4001:
3995:
3994:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3937:. Archived from
3928:(14 July 2008).
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3853:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3743:. 30 July 2019.
3741:السودان نيوز 365
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3683:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3655:. 21 July 2020.
3645:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3540:
3529:
3528:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3417:on 13 March 2013
3413:. Archived from
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3370:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3343:. 4 March 2009.
3333:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:on 5 March 2009.
3304:
3298:. Archived from
3297:
3289:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3261:. Archived from
3257:(14 July 2008).
3251:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3125:
3119:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2739:. 14 July 2008.
2727:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2621:. 1 March 2015.
2611:
2593:
2592:
2579:History of Sudan
2568:
2563:
2562:
2469:money laundering
2263:ethnic cleansing
2061:
1914:, who overthrew
1842:
1838:
1802:
1679:
1516:Hassan al-Turabi
1397:chemical weapons
1292:Hassan al-Turabi
1289:
1279:Hassan al-Turabi
1233:Hassan al-Turabi
1218:
1170:military attaché
1168:as the Sudanese
951:
900:
800:
793:
786:
775:
724:Second Civil War
648:
606:
605:
604:
602:
594:
593:
587:
580:
579:
576:
575:
531:Date apprehended
522:Criminal penalty
512:Money laundering
508:
441:
418:
417:
416:
403:
401:
400:
388:Military service
342:
338:
336:
320:Personal details
308:
295:
276:
264:Chairman of the
248:
238:
151:
141:
114:
104:
95:
71:
61:
39:
38:
21:
9486:
9485:
9481:
9480:
9479:
9477:
9476:
9475:
9316:
9315:
9314:
9309:
9285:Sergey Kobylash
9266:
9222:
9188:
9160:Muammar Gaddafi
9146:
9085:
9059:
9031:
8980:
8938:Germain Katanga
8923:
8897:Noureddine Adam
8878:
8867:
8862:
8832:
8827:
8816:
8775:
8767:
8732:
8724:
8711:
8703:
8694:
8653:
8645:
8635:
8633:
8593:
8585:
8541:
8531:
8514:at Trial Watch.
8508:
8503:
8502:
8472:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8457:
8444:
8443:
8439:
8426:
8425:
8421:
8402:
8398:
8385:
8384:
8380:
8370:
8368:
8355:
8354:
8350:
8340:
8338:
8325:
8324:
8320:
8310:
8308:
8295:
8294:
8290:
8280:
8278:
8265:
8264:
8260:
8250:
8248:
8225:
8221:
8211:
8209:
8194:
8193:
8189:
8179:
8177:
8168:
8167:
8163:
8153:
8151:
8142:
8141:
8137:
8127:
8125:
8112:
8111:
8107:
8097:
8095:
8086:
8085:
8081:
8071:
8069:
8054:
8047:
8037:
8035:
8015:
8008:
7995:
7993:
7978:
7974:
7964:
7962:
7955:Middle East Eye
7947:
7943:
7933:
7931:
7916:
7915:
7911:
7901:
7899:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7875:
7873:
7858:
7854:
7844:
7842:
7833:
7832:
7828:
7818:Wayback Machine
7808:
7804:
7794:Wayback Machine
7784:
7780:
7770:Wayback Machine
7760:
7756:
7746:
7744:
7727:
7723:
7713:
7711:
7698:
7697:
7693:
7656:
7652:
7645:
7644:2010, accessed
7641:
7639:Wayback Machine
7630:
7626:
7616:
7614:
7599:
7598:
7594:
7584:
7582:
7569:
7568:
7564:
7554:
7552:
7535:
7531:
7521:
7519:
7504:
7503:
7499:
7489:
7487:
7474:
7473:
7469:
7459:
7457:
7444:
7443:
7439:
7429:
7427:
7414:
7413:
7409:
7399:
7397:
7382:
7378:
7368:
7366:
7353:
7352:
7348:
7338:
7336:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7312:
7310:
7295:
7291:
7281:
7279:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7251:
7249:
7240:
7239:
7235:
7225:
7223:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7199:
7197:
7182:
7178:
7168:
7166:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7126:
7122:
7112:
7110:
7097:
7096:
7092:
7082:
7080:
7065:
7061:
7051:
7049:
7034:
7033:
7029:
7019:
7017:
7004:
7003:
6999:
6989:
6987:
6978:
6977:
6973:
6963:
6961:
6944:
6940:
6930:
6928:
6915:
6914:
6910:
6900:
6898:
6883:
6882:
6878:
6868:
6866:
6851:
6850:
6846:
6836:
6834:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6806:
6804:
6791:
6790:
6783:
6767:
6766:
6759:
6757:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6727:
6726:
6719:
6717:
6706:
6702:
6692:
6690:
6677:
6676:
6672:
6662:
6660:
6651:
6650:
6646:
6636:
6634:
6621:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6586:. Retrieved on
6583:
6577:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6560:
6553:
6543:
6541:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6500:
6498:
6491:
6475:
6471:
6461:
6459:
6436:
6432:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6401:
6399:
6398:on 21 July 2018
6395:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6367:
6365:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6334:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6287:
6286:
6282:
6272:
6270:
6255:
6254:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6210:
6208:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6178:
6176:
6161:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6091:
6089:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6065:
6063:
6052:
6048:
6038:
6036:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6008:
6006:
5991:
5987:
5977:
5975:
5968:
5952:
5948:
5938:
5936:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5908:
5906:
5899:
5883:
5879:
5869:
5867:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5839:
5837:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5806:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5766:
5762:
5752:
5750:
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5704:
5700:
5693:
5690:Wayback Machine
5681:
5677:
5667:
5665:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5637:
5635:
5634:on 14 June 2011
5618:
5614:
5597:
5596:
5592:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5496:
5494:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5466:
5464:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5403:
5401:
5394:Financial Times
5384:
5380:
5375:
5371:
5362:
5358:
5348:
5346:
5323:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5249:
5247:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5212:. p. 162.
5202:
5198:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5170:
5168:
5161:Eyewitness News
5155:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5115:
5111:
5104:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5066:
5051:
5047:
5016:
5012:
5002:
5000:
4975:
4971:
4961:
4959:
4944:
4940:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4887:
4883:
4873:
4871:
4864:History Commons
4858:
4857:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4811:
4809:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4781:
4779:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4696:
4692:
4682:
4680:
4657:
4653:
4643:
4641:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4613:
4611:
4604:
4588:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4540:Wayback Machine
4530:
4526:
4517:
4513:
4509:, (2003), p.111
4504:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4405:
4389:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4361:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4317:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4246:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4188:
4187:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4077:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4002:
3998:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3870:
3854:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3828:Asharq Al-Awsat
3822:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3773:on 30 July 2019
3765:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3692:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3542:
3541:
3532:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3371:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3335:
3334:
3319:
3312:
3311:. Retrieved on
3308:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3278:
3268:
3266:
3252:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3135:. 11 May 2008.
3127:
3126:
3122:
3116:Wayback Machine
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2894:. 5 July 2011.
2886:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2590:
2587:
2566:Politics portal
2564:
2557:
2554:
2522:
2481:
2461:
2459:Post-presidency
2432:
2426:
2405:
2360:
2328:
2281:Al-Bashir with
2059:
1989:
1983:
1916:Muammar Gaddafi
1840:
1836:
1809:Resolution 1706
1800:
1697:
1691:
1677:
1639:
1633:
1591:Lee H. Hamilton
1549:Osama bin Laden
1504:Osama bin Laden
1484:Robert Zoellick
1476:
1369:Osama bin Laden
1361:
1287:
1275:
1216:
1211:in a bloodless
1193:
1187:
1182:
1115:Al Taib Mustafa
1091:
985:, South Sudan,
949:
919:Muammar Gaddafi
898:
843:electoral fraud
831:a military coup
804:
770:
715:
697:
665:Bashirist Sudan
655:
653:
642:
600:
598:
597:
596:
595:
591:
590:
532:
514:
504:
489:Criminal status
475:
466:First Congo War
414:
412:
398:
396:
370:
355:Political party
343:
340:
334:
332:
331:
330:
306:
293:
277:
272:
254:
246:
236:
231:
153:
152:
147:
139:
134:
116:
115:
110:
102:
96:
91:
74:
62:
59:
53:
50:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9484:
9474:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9341:Field marshals
9338:
9333:
9331:Sudanese Arabs
9328:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9307:
9305:Viktor Sokolov
9302:
9297:
9295:Vladimir Putin
9292:
9287:
9282:
9276:
9274:
9268:
9267:
9265:
9264:
9258:
9254:Dominic Ongwen
9250:
9244:
9238:
9232:
9230:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9212:
9204:
9198:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9186:
9180:
9174:
9168:
9163:
9156:
9154:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9144:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9117:
9110:
9107:Uhuru Kenyatta
9103:
9095:
9093:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9076:Laurent Gbagbo
9073:
9067:
9065:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9045:David Sanakoev
9041:
9039:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9024:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9006:Omar al-Bashir
9003:
9001:Abdallah Banda
8998:
8995:Bahr Abu Garda
8990:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8974:Bosco Ntaganda
8970:
8963:
8957:
8950:
8942:
8933:
8931:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8921:
8916:
8914:Alfred Yekatom
8911:
8906:
8899:
8894:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8879:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8861:
8860:
8853:
8846:
8838:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8825:
8821:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8808:
8802:
8796:
8786:
8779:
8777:
8776:(2019–present)
8769:
8768:
8766:
8765:
8759:
8749:
8743:
8736:
8734:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8722:
8715:
8713:
8705:
8704:
8697:
8695:
8693:
8692:
8682:
8676:
8670:
8664:
8657:
8655:
8647:
8646:
8632:
8631:
8624:
8617:
8609:
8601:
8600:
8595:
8586:
8581:
8577:
8576:
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8506:External links
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7218:. Al Jazeera.
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6584:(7.62 MB)
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5489:. 7 May 2004.
5474:
5456:The Australian
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5219:978-1929223602
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4117:New York Times
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2513:Fatou Bensouda
2493:Abdalla Hamdok
2480:
2477:
2460:
2457:
2428:Main article:
2425:
2422:
2404:
2401:
2399:central bank.
2359:
2356:
2327:
2324:
2299:Vladimir Putin
2256:Hassan Rouhani
2080:Sylvia Steiner
2064:Akua Kuenyehia
1985:Main article:
1982:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1954:Doha Agreement
1950:
1865:South Kordofan
1693:Main article:
1690:
1687:
1635:Main article:
1632:
1629:
1625:United Nations
1475:
1472:
1431:Gaafar Nimeiry
1415:Phyllis Oakley
1393:cruise missile
1360:
1357:
1337:European Union
1274:
1271:
1262:Sudanese pound
1258:Sudanese dinar
1244:journalists.
1225:chief of state
1209:Sadiq al-Mahdi
1189:Main article:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1147:Khartoum North
1090:
1087:
1070:Abdalla Hamdok
946:arrest warrant
889:(SLA) and the
835:Sadiq al-Mahdi
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601:Omar al-Bashir
588:
572:
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461:Yom Kippur War
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410:
409:Branch/service
406:
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339:1 January 1944
328:
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301:(as President)
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261:
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212:Ali Osman Taha
209:
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182:Ali Osman Taha
179:
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169:
167:Ali Osman Taha
164:
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140:Vice President
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109:
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103:Prime Minister
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72:
64:
63:
55:
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52:Omar al-Bashir
51:
44:His Excellency
42:
26:
18:Omer Al-Bashir
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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9386:Living people
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9371:Ja'alin tribe
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9300:Sergei Shoigu
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9247:Okot Odhiambo
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9241:Raska Lukwiya
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8986:Darfur, Sudan
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8787:
8784:
8781:
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8778:
8774:
8770:
8764:† (1993–2019)
8763:
8760:
8758:) (1986–1993)
8757:
8753:
8750:
8747:
8744:
8741:
8740:Swar al-Dahab
8738:
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8706:
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8677:
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8669:† (1958–1964)
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8559:, March 2009.
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8273:(in Arabic).
8272:
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8201:The Economist
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7923:Sudan Tribune
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7606:The Economist
7602:
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7471:
7456:on 5 May 2010
7455:
7451:
7450:Sudan Tribune
7447:
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7425:
7421:
7420:Sudan Tribune
7417:
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7395:
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6802:
6798:
6794:
6793:"BashirWatch"
6788:
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6771:
6755:
6751:
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6704:
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6486:
6482:
6481:
6473:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6434:
6426:
6422:
6421:Radio Dabanga
6418:
6412:
6394:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6348:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6262:Sudan Tribune
6258:
6252:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6196:
6190:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6159:
6143:
6139:
6138:"Sudan – NDI"
6133:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6103:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6061:
6057:
6050:
6034:
6030:
6029:African Union
6026:
6020:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5989:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5959:
5958:
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5934:
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5804:
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5796:
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5771:
5764:
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5717:
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5709:
5702:
5691:
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5649:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5616:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5594:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5570:
5551:
5544:
5538:
5522:
5519:. June 2004.
5518:
5514:
5508:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5462:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5445:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5382:
5373:
5366:
5363:Prunier, G.,
5360:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5321:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5275:
5271:
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5105:
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5014:
4998:
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4777:
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4709:
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4609:
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4545:
4544:Sudan Tribune
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4094:
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4079:
4073:(2002), p.181
4072:
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4017:
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3891:
3875:
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3869:9781473854963
3865:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3850:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3803:
3800:(in Arabic).
3799:
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3772:
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3742:
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3712:
3708:
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3691:
3688:. July 2021.
3687:
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3619:Sudan Tribune
3615:
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3607:
3590:
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3585:
3584:Sudan Tribune
3580:
3574:
3572:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3549:Radio Dabanga
3545:
3539:
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3511:(4): 89–103.
3510:
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3374:Simon Tisdall
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2501:Siddiq Tawer
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2334:against the
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2212:aid agencies
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9326:1944 births
9236:Joseph Kony
9135:Joshua Sang
9064:Ivory Coast
9027:Ali Kushayb
9021:Saleh Jerbo
8746:al-Mirghani
8742:† (1985–86)
8733:(1985–2019)
8712:(1969–1985)
8691:) (1965–69)
8654:(1956–1969)
8563:Appearances
8532:18 November
8341:12 February
8251:15 December
8212:20 December
8038:17 December
8018:David Smith
7876:15 December
7714:17 December
7339:17 December
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7169:14 November
7129:Elias Kifle
6964:15 December
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4844:20 February
4833:Vanity Fair
4782:20 February
4752:16 December
4722:16 December
4683:16 December
4644:15 December
4614:15 December
4575:15 December
4531:Wasil Ali,
4293:17 December
3971:17 December
2988:www.cia.gov
2872:12 February
2841:17 December
2780:17 December
2712:15 December
2536:due to the
2441:Arab League
2392:BNP Paribas
2369:Lloyds Bank
2231:Addis Ababa
2220:Mercy Corps
2192:Arab League
2123:Arab League
2041:deportation
1905:Idriss Déby
1892:, and even
1833:Addis Ababa
1760:mass graves
1745:David Frost
1683:South Sudan
1674:John Garang
1631:South Sudan
1349:Arab Spring
1296:palace coup
1288:12 December
1185:Coup d'état
1155:second wife
963:Arab League
874:South Sudan
865:for trial.
492:Claimed by
361:(1992–2019)
294:Preceded by
237:Preceded by
172:John Garang
9320:Categories
8824:† military
8687:(with the
8673:Al-Khalifa
8594:1989–2019
8371:21 January
8088:"CNN News"
7996:8 November
7965:8 November
7934:3 November
7902:7 November
7747:30 October
7617:4 February
7585:30 October
7020:7 November
6990:7 November
6956:. London.
6921:Al Jazeera
6837:3 November
6760:7 November
6720:7 November
6402:4 February
6337:4 February
6273:3 November
6241:26 October
6211:30 October
6009:21 January
5929:Canana.com
5694:25 January
5559:18 January
5497:4 December
5467:18 January
5434:3 November
5424:Al Jazeera
4909:1 December
4874:24 January
4384:atimes.com
4320:2 December
4314:Asia Times
4230:30 October
4204:30 October
4194:Al Jazeera
4171:30 October
4091:. London.
3838:6 December
3630:9 November
3595:6 November
3560:6 November
3394:3 November
3236:30 October
3206:30 October
3174:30 October
2998:24 January
2935:30 October
2682:21 January
2672:Al Jazeera
2651:21 January
2585:References
2196:Amr Moussa
2025:war crimes
1966:referendum
1803:2006, the
1794:Kofi Annan
1751:programme
1703:Series of
1602:Mukhabarat
1570:Washington
1314:Salva Kiir
1241:Sharia law
1180:Presidency
942:war crimes
658:Government
516:Corruption
393:Allegiance
377:Alma mater
335:1944-01-01
60:عمر البشير
9257: (*)
9219: (*)
9211: (*)
8977: (*)
8949: (*)
8941: (*)
8805:al-Burhan
8801:(2019–21)
8789:al-Burhan
8762:al-Bashir
8752:al-Bashir
8748:(1986–89)
8685:al-Azhari
8681:(1964–65)
8663:(1956–58)
8483:romanized
8241:0362-4331
8118:Arab News
7774:Bloomberg
7686:0022-0183
7670:(1): 29.
7480:France 24
6452:0362-4331
6368:22 August
6122:14 August
5627:The Times
5339:0362-4331
5131:0362-4331
5040:2311-8148
4993:0190-8286
4812:22 August
4712:0362-4331
4673:0362-4331
4634:France 24
4330:cite news
4123:1996, p.4
3751:25 August
3711:صفحة أولى
3525:1086-3214
2520:Detention
2509:The Hague
2137:, Libya,
2088:pillaging
1929:The 2006
1890:Indonesia
1869:Blue Nile
1801:31 August
1740:Janjaweed
1709:Janjaweed
1593:by hand.
1508:Abu Nidal
1441:. At the
1273:Elections
1249:President
1019:Palestine
883:Janjaweed
686:2019 coup
671:1989 coup
651:1989-2019
429:1960–2019
366:Spouse(s)
274:In office
93:In office
8807:† (2021)
8795:) (2019)
8785:† (2019)
8414:Archived
8391:Archived
8365:Archived
8361:BBC News
8335:Archived
8311:16 March
8305:Archived
8281:16 March
8275:Archived
8245:Archived
8206:Archived
8174:Archived
8148:Archived
8128:11 April
8122:Archived
8098:11 April
8072:12 April
8066:Archived
8032:Archived
7990:Archived
7959:Archived
7870:Archived
7839:Archived
7814:Archived
7790:Archived
7766:Archived
7741:Archived
7708:Archived
7635:Archived
7631:RTTNews
7611:Archived
7579:Archived
7549:Archived
7522:26 April
7516:Archived
7511:BBC News
7490:26 April
7484:Archived
7394:Archived
7390:Refworld
7363:Archived
7333:Archived
7307:Archived
7246:Archived
7220:Archived
7194:Archived
7163:Archived
7159:BBC News
7107:Archived
7077:Archived
7046:Archived
6958:Archived
6925:Archived
6895:Archived
6863:Archived
6858:BBC News
6831:Archived
6807:11 April
6801:Archived
6770:cite web
6730:cite web
6693:30 March
6687:Archived
6683:BBC News
6631:Archived
6627:BBC News
6495:Archived
6456:Archived
6362:Archived
6297:Archived
6267:Archived
6235:Archived
6231:BBC News
6205:Archived
6116:Archived
6112:BBC News
6092:24 March
6086:Archived
6060:Archived
6033:Archived
6003:Archived
5972:Archived
5903:Archived
5864:Archived
5860:CBS News
5834:Archived
5803:Archived
5747:Archived
5716:Archived
5686:Archived
5662:Archived
5550:Archived
5527:16 April
5521:Archived
5491:Archived
5398:Archived
5343:Archived
5304:Archived
5300:BBC News
5244:Archived
5239:BBC News
5171:5 August
5165:Archived
5135:Archived
5063:Archived
5026:(1): 3.
4997:Archived
4956:Archived
4838:Archived
4806:Archived
4776:Archived
4746:Archived
4716:Archived
4677:Archived
4638:Archived
4608:Archived
4569:Archived
4536:Archived
4518:Wright,
4505:Fuller,
4485:Archived
4481:BBC News
4452:Archived
4421:Archived
4392:cite web
4358:Archived
4354:Fox News
4287:Archived
4261:Archived
4224:Archived
4198:Archived
4165:Archived
4121:16 March
4093:Archived
4049:Archived
4016:Archived
3965:Archived
3904:Archived
3874:Archived
3832:Archived
3808:16 March
3802:Archived
3745:Archived
3715:Archived
3690:Archived
3657:Archived
3653:BBC News
3624:Archived
3589:Archived
3554:Archived
3484:11 April
3478:Archived
3444:Archived
3388:Archived
3345:Archived
3341:BBC News
3269:14 March
3230:Archived
3200:Archived
3168:Archived
3164:BBC News
3137:Archived
3133:BBC News
3112:Archived
3088:Archived
3054:Archived
3022:Archived
2992:Archived
2962:Archived
2958:BBC News
2929:Archived
2925:NBC News
2902:14 March
2896:Archived
2892:BBC News
2866:Archived
2835:Archived
2805:Archived
2774:Archived
2770:BBC News
2741:Archived
2706:Archived
2702:BBC News
2676:Archived
2645:Archived
2641:BBC News
2623:Archived
2619:BBC News
2552:See also
2538:conflict
2534:Omdurman
2397:de facto
2131:Djibouti
2125:and the
2017:genocide
1977:region.
1886:Pakistan
1878:Malaysia
1786:genocide
1768:genocide
1747:for the
1731:and the
1681:to form
1678:1 August
1621:New York
1401:al-Qaeda
1389:Khartoum
1339:and the
1151:Al-Hilal
1139:football
1103:Khartoum
1045:and the
1023:Ethiopia
995:Pakistan
987:Djibouti
934:genocide
905:between
549:Khartoum
149:See list
112:See list
9272:Ukraine
9037:Georgia
8874:Italics
8783:Ibn Auf
8719:Nimeiry
8542:28 July
8485::
7986:Reuters
7845:21 June
7822:Reuters
7646:12 July
7642:12 July
7555:13 July
7460:4 March
7430:4 March
7400:4 March
7369:4 March
7313:16 July
7303:Reuters
7282:4 March
7252:31 July
7113:15 June
7083:14 June
7041:Reuters
6931:16 July
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6869:21 June
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6565:2009).
6563:4 March
6544:4 March
6522:YouTube
6179:9 March
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6039:15 July
5999:Reuters
5830:Reuters
5779:15 July
5753:15 July
5668:24 June
5310:15 July
5280:15 July
5096:, 140.
4458:15 July
4417:Reuters
4364:4 March
4283:"Sudan"
4069:Kepel,
4055:15 July
4022:15 July
3945:15 July
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3777:30 July
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3663:28 July
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3421:4 March
3351:4 March
3313:4 March
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3288:4 March
3195:Haaretz
3094:4 March
3028:4 March
2862:AP News
2747:16 July
2736:Reuters
2499:member
2416:or the
2351:Reuters
2339:Houthis
2271:Zaghawa
2161:for an
2147:Denmark
2139:Nigeria
2060:4 March
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2007:(ICC),
1937:led by
1837:12 June
1562:Fairfax
1494:in its
1324:(NCP).
1217:30 June
1127:Ja'alin
1123:Bedouin
1039:Bahrain
1035:Lebanon
1031:Morocco
1027:Tunisia
999:Algeria
991:Eritrea
971:Somalia
950:4 March
928:(ICC),
825:in the
9228:Uganda
8675:(1964)
8667:Abboud
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8474:Arabic
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1058:ousted
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940:, and
855:Darfur
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32:Bashir
9152:Libya
9091:Kenya
8544:1989.
8534:2007.
8461:Notes
6578:(PDF)
6571:(PDF)
6396:(PDF)
6389:(PDF)
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2068:Ghana
1898:Japan
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1143:there
1111:Sudan
1043:Qatar
983:Egypt
915:Libya
907:Sudan
553:Sudan
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9194:Mali
8373:2021
8343:2020
8313:2023
8283:2023
8253:2019
8237:ISSN
8214:2019
8182:2019
8156:2019
8130:2019
8100:2019
8074:2019
8040:2014
7998:2019
7967:2019
7936:2013
7904:2013
7878:2016
7847:2018
7749:2013
7716:2019
7682:ISSN
7648:2010
7619:2014
7587:2013
7557:2010
7524:2010
7492:2010
7462:2016
7432:2016
7402:2016
7371:2009
7341:2014
7315:2008
7284:2016
7254:2021
7228:2014
7202:2016
7171:2011
7115:2015
7085:2015
7054:2021
7022:2012
6992:2012
6966:2016
6933:2013
6903:2013
6871:2018
6839:2015
6809:2013
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6762:2012
6736:link
6722:2012
6695:2009
6665:2016
6639:2009
6609:2009
6590:2009
6546:2009
6503:2019
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6464:2019
6448:ISSN
6404:2014
6370:2017
6339:2014
6305:2012
6275:2013
6243:2011
6213:2013
6181:2011
6169:Time
6150:2014
6124:2013
6094:2010
6068:2008
6041:2008
6011:2020
5980:2019
5962:ISBN
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5893:ISBN
5872:2019
5842:2019
5811:2019
5781:2008
5755:2008
5724:2014
5696:2005
5670:2017
5640:2010
5561:2009
5529:2020
5499:2016
5469:2009
5436:2013
5406:2019
5351:2019
5335:ISSN
5312:2008
5282:2008
5270:IRIN
5252:2010
5214:ISBN
5173:2015
5143:2019
5127:ISSN
5098:ISBN
5071:2019
5036:ISSN
5024:2015
5005:2019
4989:ISSN
4964:2020
4911:2008
4876:2014
4846:2020
4814:2017
4784:2020
4754:2019
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4708:ISSN
4685:2019
4669:ISSN
4646:2019
4616:2019
4598:ISBN
4577:2019
4493:2010
4460:2017
4429:2018
4398:link
4366:2016
4336:link
4322:2007
4295:2014
4269:2010
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4206:2013
4173:2013
4101:2010
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3973:2014
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3912:2021
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3864:ISBN
3840:2021
3810:2023
3779:2019
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3521:ISSN
3486:2019
3455:2018
3423:2016
3396:2013
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3271:2009
3238:2013
3208:2013
3176:2013
3145:2010
3096:2009
3062:2010
3030:2016
3000:2021
2970:2010
2937:2013
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2874:2020
2843:2014
2813:2019
2782:2014
2749:2008
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2495:and
2414:NASA
2390:the
2336:Shia
2283:Iran
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