One-state solution

1728:

that the settlement enterprise has failed to build up a viable local economic infrastructure. He noted that only about 400 settler households were engaged in agriculture, with the amount of settler-owned farmland comprising only 1.5% of the West Bank. In addition, he wrote that there are only two significant industrial zones in the West Bank settlements, with the vast majority of workers there Palestinian, and that the vast majority of settlers live near the border, in areas that can be annexed by Israel with relative ease in territorial exchanges, while still allowing for the formation of a viable Palestinian state. According to Arieli, 62% of the settler workforce commutes over the Green Line into Israel proper for work while another 25% works in the heavily subsidized education system of the settlements, with only a small percent working in agriculture and industry. About half of the settlements have populations fewer than 1,000 and only 15 have populations greater than 5,000. According to Arieli, the settlement movement has failed to create facts on the ground precluding an Israeli withdrawal, and it is possible to implement a land exchange that would see about 80% of the settlers stay in place, necessitating the evacuation of only about 30,000 settler households, in order to establish a viable and contiguous Palestinian state in the West Bank.

1641:, have argued that the one-state solution is not viable because of Arab unwillingness to accept a Jewish national presence in the Middle East. Morris argues any such state would be an authoritarian, fundamentalist state with a persecuted Jewish minority, citing the racism and persecution minorities face throughout the Arab and Muslim world, and writing that "Western liberals refuse to recognize that peoples, for good historical, cultural, and social reasons are different and behave differently in similar or identical sets of circumstances." He notes the differences between Israeli Jewish society, which remains largely Westernized and secular, and Palestinian society, which according to Morris is increasingly Islamic and fundamentalist. He pointed to 1314:"Support for one state is hardly a radical idea; it is simply the recognition of the uncomfortable reality that Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories already function as a single state. They share the same aquifers, the same highway network, the same electricity grid and the same international borders... The one-state solution... neither destroys the Jewish character of the Holy Land nor negates the Jewish historical and religious attachment (although it would destroy the superior status of Jews in that state). Rather, it affirms that the Holy Land has an equal Christian and Muslim character. For those who believe in equality, this is a good thing." 738: 1550:(BESA) study, the 2004 Palestinian population of the West Bank and Gaza stood at 2.5 million and not the 3.8 million claimed by the Palestinians. According to Glick, the 1997 PCBS survey, used as the basis for later studies, inflated numbers by including over three hundred thousand Palestinians living abroad and by double-counting over two hundred thousand Jerusalem Arabs already included in Israel's population survey. Further, Glick says later PCBS surveys reflect the predictions of the 1997 PCBS survey, reporting unrealized birth forecasts, including assumptions of large Palestinian immigration that never occurred. 1456: 1720:

courts, intelligence services and foreign ministry. Israelis no longer shop in Nablus and Gaza the way they did before the Oslo accords. Palestinians no longer travel freely to Tel Aviv. And the supposed reason that partition is often claimed to be impossible – the difficulty of a probable relocation of more than 150,000 settlers – is grossly overstated: in the 1990s, Israel absorbed several times as many Russian immigrants, many of them far more difficult to integrate than settlers, who already have Israeli jobs, fully formed networks of family support and a command of Hebrew.

60: 1855: 1263:" and an additional 7 percent "one-state reality with inequality, but not akin to apartheid". If a two-state solution is not achieved, 77 percent predict "a one-state reality akin to apartheid" and 17 percent "one-state reality with increasing inequality, but not akin to apartheid"; just 1 percent think a binational state with equal rights for all inhabitants is likely. 52 percent say that the two-state solution is no longer possible. 1202:, when it became no longer realistic to expect the militarily powerful and densely populated Jewish state to disappear. Eventually, Palestinian leadership began flirting with the idea of a two-state solution. According to a poll taken by the Palestine Center for Public Opinion in 2020, around 10% of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza believe that working towards a binational state should be a top priority in the next five years. 1658:

the goal of a Muslim Arab–dominated polity to replace Israel." Morris argued that should a binational state ever emerge, many Israeli Jews would likely emigrate to escape the "stifling darkness, intolerance, authoritarianism, and insularity of the Arab world and its treatment of minority populations", with only those incapable of finding new host countries to resettle in and Ultra-Orthodox Jews remaining behind.

1627:

end result would be a protracted civil war, with each intifada more violent than the last, and the conflict growing more and more religious in nature. Ibish speculated that in such a scenario, it could even go beyond an ethno-national war between Israelis and Palestinians into a religious war between Jews and Muslims, with Israeli Jews ending up under siege and relying on their nuclear weapons for protection.

1048: 1225:, be annexed to the new Palestinian state. As this measure would cut these areas off permanently from the rest of Israel's territory, including the coastal cities and other Palestinian towns and villages, Palestinians view this with alarm. Many Palestinian citizens of Israel would therefore prefer a one-state solution because this would allow them to sustain their Israeli citizenship. 1422:, co-director of the Programme on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago, says the binational solution has become inevitable. He further argued that by allowing Israel's settlements to prevent the formation of a Palestinian state, the United States has helped Israel commit "national suicide" since Palestinians will be the majority group in the binational state. 1842:

aflame.... Two nationalities who have desperately sought a political frame for cultural and social independence would wrestle over control of language, art, street names, and schools." Gorenberg wrote that in the best case, the new state would be paralyzed by endless arguments, and in the worst case, constant disagreements would erupt into violence.

1604:

by those who are politically motivated to harm Israel and, by extension, Israeli Jews. They argue that the absorption of millions of Palestinians, along with a right of return for Palestinian refugees, and the generally high birthrate among Palestinians would quickly render Jews an ethnic minority and eliminate their rights to self-determination.

1699:

some critics to argue that the existing level of rights and equality for all Israeli citizens would be put in jeopardy with unification. Benny Morris echoes these claims, arguing that Palestinian Muslims, who would become the ruling majority in any such state, are deeply religious and do not have any tradition of democratic governance.

1091:. While the Jewish community accepted the concept of partition, not all members endorsed the implementation proposed by the Peel Commission. The Arab community entirely rejected the Peel Partition Plan, which included population transfers, primarily of Arabs. The partition plan was abandoned, and in 1939 Britain issued its 2437: 1846:

bringing Palestinians into Israel's social welfare network would require Jews to pay higher taxes or receive fewer services. But the engine of the Israeli economy is high-tech, an entirely portable industry. Both individuals and companies will leave." As a result, the new binational state would be financially crippled.

1763:, whom he describes as "one of the intellectual fathers of one-statism". When asked whether he thought a Jewish minority would be treated fairly in a binational state, Said replied that "it worries me a great deal. The question of what is going to be the fate of the Jews is very difficult for me. I really don't know." 690:, which would comprise a single government on the entire territory with citizenship and equal rights for all residents, regardless of their ethnicity or religion, similar to Mandatory Palestine. Some Israelis advocate a version of this model in which Israel will annex the West Bank but not the Gaza Strip and remain a 1694:, many Israeli Christian Arabs and even some non-Bedouin Israeli Muslim Arabs fear the consequences of amalgamation with the mostly Muslim Palestinian population in the occupied territories, which they perceive as more religious and conservative. (All Israeli Druze men and small numbers of Bedouin men serve in the 1727:

has likewise argued that the settlement enterprise has failed to create the appropriate conditions to prevent a contiguous Palestinian state or to implement the annexation of the West Bank. He has noted that the settlers comprise only 13.5% of the West Bank's population and occupy 4% of its land, and

1603:

expands on these concerns of many Israeli Jews and says that a one-state scenario without any institutional safeguards would negate Israel's status as a homeland for the Jewish people. When proposed as a political solution by non-Israelis, the assumption is that the idea is probably being put forward

1553:

Based on this study, Glick argued that annexation of the West Bank would only add 1.4 million Palestinians to the population of Israel. She argued that a one-state solution with a Jewish majority and a political system rooted in Jewish values was the best way to guarantee the protection of democratic

1440:

that the "fantasy" of a two-state solution prevented people from working on solutions that might really work. Lustick argued that people who assume Israel will persist as a Zionist project should consider how quickly the Soviet, Pahlavi Iranian, apartheid South African, Baathist Iraqi and Yugoslavian

1870:

A multi-option poll by Near East Consulting (NEC) in November 2007 found the bi-national state to be less popular than either "two states for two people" or "a Palestinian state on all historic Palestine" with only 13.4% of respondents supporting a binational solution. However, in February 2007, NEC

1698:

and there are sometimes rifts between these groups and Palestinians). One poll found that, in a future Palestinian state, 23% of Palestinians want civil law only, 35% want both Islamic and civil law, and 38% want Islamic law only. This negative view of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza prompts

1657:

According to Morris, the goal of a "secular democratic Palestine" was invented to appeal to Westerners, and while a few supporters of the one-state solution may honestly believe in such an outcome, the realities of Palestinian society mean that "the phrase objectively serves merely as camouflage for

1177:

was against the UN vote on the partition of Palestine and reaffirmed its support for a single binational state that would guarantee equal national rights for Jews and Arabs and would be under the control of superpowers and the UN. The 1948 New York Second world conference of the International Jewish

1099:

The White Paper of 1939 sought to accommodate Arab demands regarding Jewish immigration by placing a quota of 10,000 Jewish immigrants per year over a five-year period from 1939 to 1944. It also required Arab consent for further Jewish immigration. The White Paper was seen by the Jewish community as

1428:

wrote in 2011 that the one-state solution was already a reality, in that “there is only one state between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean, in which there are two or three levels of citizenship or non-citizenship within the borders of that one state that exerts total control.” Khalidi further

1833:

wrote that the idea of a single state where Jews, Muslims, and Christians can live side by side is "fundamentally flawed." In addition to the fact that Israel would not support it, Hanania noted that the Arab and Muslim world don't practice it, writing "Exactly where do Jews and Christians live in

1626:

claimed that it is not realistic for Israel to be compelled to accept a binational solution with full right of return for refugees through international pressure or sanctions. According to Ibish, if a one state solution was to happen, it would come as a result of the status quo continuing, and the

1731:

This sentiment has been echoed by Shany Mor, who argued that in 2020, the geographical distribution of settlers in the West Bank had not materially changed since 1993, and that a two-state solution is actually more feasible now than it was in the past due to the disentanglement of the Israeli and

1123:

in 1947. In its debates, the UN divided its member States into two subcommittees: one to address options for partition and a second to address all other options. The Second Subcommittee, which included all the Arab and Muslim States members, issued a long report arguing that partition was illegal

1653:

of women that permeate Palestinian and Israeli-Arab society, as evidence that Palestinian Muslims have no respect for Western values. He thus claimed that "the mindset and basic values of Israeli Jewish society and Palestinian Muslim society are so different and mutually exclusive as to render a

1128:

recommended that the Mandate territory of Palestine be partitioned into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The Jewish community accepted the 1947 partition plan, and declared independence as the State of Israel in 1948. The Arab community rejected the partition plan, and army units from five Arab

1841:

wrote: "Palestinians will demand the return of property lost in 1948 and perhaps the rebuilding of destroyed villages. Except for the drawing of borders, virtually every question that bedevils Israeli–Palestinian peace negotiations will become a domestic problem setting the new political entity

1197:

Prior to the 1960s, no solution to the conflict in which Arabs and Jews would share a binational state was accepted among Palestinians. The only viable solution from the Palestinian point of view would be an Arab state in which European immigrants would have second-class status. The Palestinian

1878:

In April 2010, a poll by the Jerusalem Media and Communication Centre also found that Palestinian support for a "bi-national" solution had jumped from 20.6 percent in June 2009 to 33.8 percent. If this support for a bi-national state is combined with the finding that 9.8 percent of Palestinian

1845:

Gorenberg wrote that in addition to many of the problems with the one-state solution described above, the hypothetical state would collapse economically, as the Israeli Jewish intelligentsia would in all likelihood emigrate, writing that "financing development in majority-Palestinian areas and

1719:

Israelis and Palestinians are now farther from a single state than they have been at any time since the occupation began in 1967. Walls and fences separate Israel from Gaza and more than 90% of the West Bank. Palestinians have a quasi-state in the occupied territories, with its own parliament,

1095:

clarifying its "unequivocal" position that "it is not part of policy that Palestine should become a Jewish State" and that "The independent State should be one in which Arabs and Jews share government in such a way as to ensure that the essential interests of each community are safeguarded."

1367:

wrote, "fter 50 years of Israeli history, classic Zionism has provided no solution to the Palestinian presence. I therefore see no other way than to begin now to speak about sharing the land that has thrust us together, sharing it in a truly democratic way with equal rights for all citizens."

1243:

proposed the adoption of the one-state solution if Israel did not halt settlement construction: " refocus their attention on the one-state solution where Muslims, Christians and Jews can live as equals. ... It is very serious. This is the moment of truth for us."

1247:

Support for a one-state solution is increasing as Palestinians, frustrated by lack of progress in negotiations aiming to establish the two-state solution, increasingly see the one-state solution as an alternative way forward. In 2016, then-U.S. Vice President

1318:

Advocates of this solution push for a secular and democratic state while still maintaining a Jewish presence and culture in the region. They concede that this alternative will erode the dream of Jewish supremacy in terms of governance in the long run.

1874:

In March 2010, a survey by the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research and the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem found that Palestinian support had risen to 29 percent.

1871:

found that around 70% of Palestinian respondents backed the idea when given a straight choice of either supporting or opposing "a one-state solution in historic Palestine where Muslims, Christians and Jews have equal rights and responsibilities".

1381:, in which he argued that Israel is an "anachronism" in sustaining an ethnic identity for the state and that the two-state solution is fundamentally doomed and unworkable. The Judt article engendered considerable debate in the UK and the US, and 1766:

Imagining what might ensue with unification, some critics of the one-state model believe that rather than ending the Arab–Israeli conflict, it would result in large-scale ethnic violence and possibly civil war, pointing to violence during the

957:

promised "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people", but at the same time required "that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine".

929:

maintained that Palestine had been excluded from the territorial promises, but minutes of a Cabinet Eastern Committee meeting held on 5 December 1918 confirmed that Palestine had been part of the area that had been pledged to Hussein in 1915.

1748:

One major argument against the one-state solution is that it would endanger the safety of the Jewish minority, because it would require assimilation with what critics fear would be an extremely hostile Muslim ruling majority. In particular,

1178:

Labor Bund condemned the proclamation of the Jewish state, because the decision exposed the Jews in Palestine to danger. The conference was in favour of a binational state built on the base of national equality and democratic federalism.

1165:

of over 700,000 Palestinians from the territory that became Israel. During the following years, a large population of Jews living in Arab nations (close to 800,000) left or were expelled from their homes in what has become known as the

1683:". Morris argued that while the Palestinians would have few moral inhibitions over the destruction of Israeli-Jewish society through mass murder or expulsion, fear of international intervention would probably stymie such an outcome. 1482:, due to its large and generally hostile Palestinian population and its status as a self-governing territory without any Israeli settlements or permanent military presence. Some Israeli politicians, including former defense minister 1886:

revealed that 61% of Palestinians reject a two state solution, while 34% said they accepted it. 66% said the Palestinians’ real goal should be to start with a two-state solution but then move to it all being one Palestinian state.

3767: 748:

The "one-state solution" refers to a resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict through the creation of a unitary, federal or confederate Israeli-Palestinian state, which would encompass all of the present territory of

1333:, for its part, rejects a two-state solution; its leader Khalid al-Batsh stated that "The idea cannot be accepted and we believe that the entire Palestine is Arab and Islamic land and belongs to the Palestinian nation." 1702:

In response to the common argument given by proponents of the one state solution that Israel's settlements have become so entrenched in the West Bank that a Palestinian state is effectively impossible, scholars such as

757:

including East Jerusalem, and possibly the Gaza Strip and Golan Heights. Depending on various points of view, a one-state solution is presented as a situation in which Israel would ostensibly lose its character as a

1429:

argued that the "peace process" had been extinguished by ongoing Israeli settlement construction, and anyone who still believed it could result in an equitable two-state solution should have their "head examined".

1044:, attributed the violence to "the twofold fear of the Arabs that, by Jewish immigration and land purchase, they might be deprived of their livelihood and, in time, pass under the political domination of the Jews". 1235:, that without a two-state agreement Israel would face "a South African-style struggle for equal voting rights" in which case "Israel finished". This echoes comments made in 2004 by Palestinian Prime Minister 1228:

Some Israeli Jews and Palestinians who oppose a one-state solution have nevertheless come to believe that it may come to pass. Israeli Prime Minister Olmert argued, in a 2007 interview with the Israeli daily

1395:(followed by a book with the same title in 2005), arguing that West Bank settlements had made a two-state solution impossible and that the international community must accept a one-state solution as the 1310:

in 2004, Tarazi opined that the expansion of the Israeli settler movement, especially in the West Bank, was a rationale for bi-nationalism and the increased infeasibility of the two-state alternative:

1181:

A one-state, one-nation solution where Arabic-speaking Palestinians would adopt a Hebrew-speaking Israeli identity (although not necessarily the Jewish religion) was advocated within Israel by the

981:

and required that the mandatory government "facilitate Jewish immigration" while at the same time "ensuring that the rights and position of other sections of the population are not prejudiced".

2571: 1715:

has argued that Israel could implement a unilateral withdrawal at any time of its choosing and that the facts on the ground suggest that a single state is a remote possibility, writing that:

1546:(PCBS) and argued that the bureau had vastly over-inflated the Palestinian population of the West Bank by 1.34 million and that PCBS statistics and predictions are unreliable. According to a 1406:

and Daniel Gavron, have called for the public to "face the facts" and accept the binational solution. On the Palestinian side, similar voices have been raised. Then-Israeli prime minister

717:

Though increasingly debated in academic circles, the one-state solution has remained outside the range of official diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, where it is eclipsed by the

1711:

have countered that it is far more unrealistic to expect Israel to accept a one-state solution that would spell the end of Zionism than it is to expect it to dismantle some settlements.

1239:, who said that if Israel failed to conclude an agreement with the Palestinians, that the Palestinians would pursue a single, bi-national state. In November 2009, Palestinian negotiator 1124:

according to the terms of the Mandate and proposing a unitary democratic state that would protect rights of all citizens equally. The General Assembly instead voted for partition and in

3853: 3640: 1509:

argued that Jordan was originally created as the Arab state in the British Mandate of Palestine and that Israel should annex the West Bank as a historic part of the Land of Israel.

2255: 1173:

By 1948, in the wake of the Holocaust, Jewish support for partition and a Jewish state had become overwhelming. Nevertheless, some Jewish voices still argued for unification. The

2921: 1822:

argued that while Israel's settlement policy was pushing things in the direction of a one-state solution, should it ever come to pass, "the end result is more likely to resemble

1879:

respondents favour a "Palestinian state" in "all of historic Palestine", this poll suggested about equal Palestinian support for a two-state and one-state solution in mid-2010.

624: 1732:

Palestinian economies in the 1990s. According to Mor, nearly all the population growth in the settlements between 2005 and 2020 was concentrated in the Haredi settlements of

2760: 996:. The British Mandatory authorities put forward proposals for setting up an elected legislative council in Palestine. In 1924 the issue was raised at a conference held by 4882: 3737: 1787:

as examples. In this view, violence between Palestinian Arabs and Israeli Jews is inevitable and can only be forestalled by partition. These critics also cite the 1937

1679:

Solution", and wrote that the implementation of a one-state solution in which a Palestinian majority would rule over a Jewish minority would eventually lead to a "new

1441:

states unraveled. Lustick concludes that while it may not arise without "painful stalemates", a one-state solution may be a way to eventual Palestinian independence.

941:, which divided the colonies of the Ottoman Empire between them. Under this agreement, the region of Palestine would be controlled by Britain. In a 1917 letter from 4183: 2681: 3498: 3414: 1214:

suggested that 15% of right-wing Jewish Israelis and 16% of left-wing Jewish Israelis support a binational state solution over a two states solution based on

3143: 2946: 714:

in which independent Israeli and Palestinian states share powers in some areas, and Israelis and Palestinians have residency rights in each others' nations.

314: 304: 4816:

Jerusalem 1947. Includes submitted written and oral testimony before UNSCOP; IHud's Proposals include: political, immigration, land, development (Reprinted

3578: 3254: 1686:

Some critics argue that unification cannot happen without damaging or destroying Israel's democracy. The vast majority of Israeli Jews as well as Israeli

3524: 1329:

has been cited saying he "did not rule out the possibility of having Jews, Muslims and Christians living under the sovereignty of an Islamic state." The

617: 3450: 729:. A non-equal non-democratic one-state solution remains more popular among both populations, supported by 30% of Palestinians and 37% of Israeli Jews. 3868: 206: 196: 2575: 2230: 2134: 1416:, that without a two-state agreement Israel would face "a South African-style struggle for equal voting rights" in which case "Israel finished". 4512:

Bakan, Abigail B.; Abu-Laban, Yasmeen (2010). "Israel/Palestine, South Africa and the 'One-State Solution': The Case for an Apartheid Analysis".

1565:

gives a figure of 5,698,500 Arabs living in Israel and the Palestinian territories in 2015, while the core Jewish population stood at 6,103,200.

4066: 4877: 4805: 610: 561: 106: 3194: 3907: 1087:

in order to put an end to the violence. The Peel Commission concluded that only partition could put an end to the violence, and proposed the

2452:

UK National Archives, PRO CAB 27/24, reprinted in 'Palestine Papers, 1917–1922', by Doreen Ingrams, George Braziller Edition, 1973, page 48.

4789: 4307: 3630: 1547: 1450: 695: 3111: 1909: 1466:

In recent years, some politicians and political commentators representing the right wing of Israeli politics have advocated annexing the

973:, which called for the self-determination of former Ottoman Empire colonies after a transitory period administered by a world power. The 3604: 3960: 3169: 706:

with a central government and federative districts, some of which would be Jewish and others Palestinian. A fourth model, described by

3708: 721:. According to the most recent Palestine/Israel Pulse survey in 2023, support for a democratic one-state solution stands at 23% among 265: 4774: 1543: 1325:

has at times ruled out a two-state solution, and at other times endorsed the possibility of a two-state solution. Hamas co-founder

1167: 4208: 2752: 3551: 3054: 1355:

both expressed their support for a one-state solution, in which Palestine would become the sole legitimate government of Israel.

946: 319: 1834:

the Islamic World today side-by-side with equality? We don't even live side-by-side with equality in the Palestinian Diaspora."

3741: 2973: 1784: 1791:, which recommended partition as the only means of ending the ongoing conflict. Critics also cite bi-national arrangements in 4853: 4756: 4732: 4622: 4596: 4502: 4013: 3481: 3373: 1937: 49: 4632:

Farsakh, Leila (2011). "The One-State Solution and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Palestinian Challenges and Prospects".

2835: 2094: 1895:

In a 2021 survey of experts on the Middle East, 59 percent described the current situation as "a one-state reality akin to

1259:

In a 2021 survey of experts on the Middle East, 59 percent described the current situation as "a one-state reality akin to

1221:

Some Israeli government spokespeople have also proposed that Palestinian-majority areas of Israel, such as the area around

1080: 4099: 4797: 3236: 1915: 1470:, and granting the West Bank's Palestinian population Israeli citizenship while maintaining Israel's current status as a 20: 3801: 4675: 1949: 1363:

Since 1999, interest has been renewed in bi-nationalism or a unitary democratic state. That year, Palestinian activist

1125: 910: 699: 483: 3662: 3389: 2572:"Mandate for Palestine - Minutes of the Permanent Mandates Commission/LoN 17th (Extraordinary) session (21 June 1930)" 2313: 4825: 2558: 1943: 4132: 4117: 2157: 1084: 784: 642: 577: 176: 42: 3854:"Peter Beinart ignores an inconvenient truth: Israelis and Palestinians haven't given up on a two-state solution" 2950: 1174: 550: 537: 517: 3000: 2895: 2042: 993: 585: 255: 247: 2869: 707: 541: 3433: 2697: 19:"Binationalism" and "Binational state" redirect here. For uses outside the Israeli–Palestinian context, see 4712: 1478:. Proposals from the Israeli right for a one-state solution tend to avoid advocating the annexation of the 4872: 3944: 1145:, and Egypt – contributed to a united Arab army that attempted to invade the territory, resulting in the 691: 260: 2123: 1882:

In 2011, a poll by Stanley Greenberg and the Palestinian Center for Public Opinion and sponsored by the

59: 4351: 1211: 970: 925:. Hussein interpreted these letters as promising the region of Palestine to the Arabs. McMahon and the 569: 339: 278: 126: 4377: 3332: 3299: 1573:

Critics argue that it would make Israeli Jews an ethnic minority in the only Jewish country. The high

1999: 1975: 1330: 1158: 1146: 966: 938: 797:

has been controlled by various national groups throughout history. A number of groups, including the

737: 653:. Proponents of this solution advocate a single state encompassing the currently recognized state of 299: 86: 2622:(Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1987), #63 "Binationalism Not Partition", pp. 645–701. 4462: 3774: 3202: 2375: 1377: 479: 309: 4615:

The Failure of the Two-State Solution: The Prospects of One State in the Israel-Palestine Conflict

3890: 2183: 2273: 1475: 1162: 985: 686:

Various models have been proposed for implementing the one-state solution. One such model is the

1654:

vision of binational statehood tenable only in the most disconnected and unrealistic of minds."

3118: 1800: 1615:

nonsense" and said that it creates a "South Africa situation without a South Africa solution."

1391: 902: 593: 146: 136: 3778: 1385:

received more than 1,000 letters per week about the essay. A month later, political scientist

4794:

Palestine – Divided or United? The Case for a Bi-National Palestine before the United Nations

4550: 4333: 4306:

Bartov, Omer; Walzer, Michael; Foxman, Abraham H.; Judt, Tony; Elon, Amos (4 December 2003).

4238: 1986: 1695: 1280:, Palestinian writer and political scientist Abdalhadi Alijla, Palestinian-American producer 1182: 1041: 1024:, succeeded in getting Kaplansky's ideas rejected. Violence erupted again in the form of the 974: 926: 467: 4040: 3964: 3889: 2977: 2122: 1455: 3081: 1925: 1780: 1772: 1578: 1574: 1025: 942: 497: 242: 186: 116: 8: 4407: 3763: 3529: 3259: 2656:"A history of conflict between opposing ideals - Le Monde diplomatique - English edition" 1768: 1582: 1562: 1525:, comprises about 60% of West Bank land and is currently under Israeli military control. 1215: 1101: 1092: 1088: 1029: 978: 950: 650: 270: 24: 2719: 2222: 1811:, which failed and resulted in further internal conflicts. Similar criticisms appear in 4649: 4570: 4537: 4216: 3987: 3635: 3363: 3086: 2597: 2528: 2413: 2256:"Caroline Glick's one-state solution for Israel-Palestine asks all the wrong questions" 2129: 1963: 1920: 1704: 1589: 1534: 1459: 1337: 1306: 1218:. According to the same poll, 66% of Jewish Israelis preferred the two-state solution. 997: 954: 767: 718: 683:, owing to the hope that the state would be a homeland for both Jews and Palestinians. 450: 237: 166: 76: 3058: 2922:"Biden says he will listen to experts. Here is what scholars of the Middle East think" 2506: 2484: 4849: 4821: 4809: 4752: 4728: 4671: 4653: 4618: 4592: 4574: 4541: 4529: 4498: 4288: 4074: 3899: 3477: 3442: 3369: 3303: 2843: 2782: 2554: 2191: 2077: 1838: 962: 898: 873:

have controlled the region at one time or another. From 1516 until the conclusion of

834: 814: 790: 471: 232: 28: 4846:

The One-State Solution: A Breakthrough for Peace in the Israeli–Palestinian Deadlock

4017: 3738:"Harvard hosting confab on one-state solution | JTA - Jewish & Israel News" 2462: 4641: 4562: 4521: 4435: 4280: 3026: 2019: 1932: 1750: 1737: 1676: 1619: 1419: 1326: 1253: 1185:

of the 1940s and 1950s, as well as more recently in the Engagement Movement led by

1017: 1005: 830: 670: 521: 487: 3224:"Islamic Jihad Leader Rejects Two-State Solution to Israeli-Palestinian Conflict," 2682:"Palestinian Majority Rejects Two-State Solution, But Backs Tactical Compromises." 4841: 4817: 4746: 4693: 4665: 4586: 4582: 4525: 4264: 3713: 3328: 2118: 2082: 1788: 1611:, who served as Foreign Minister of Israel, dismissed the one-state solution as " 1510: 1386: 1033: 440: 3824: 3255:"Iran opposes two-state solution for Palestine, calls for 'democratic' solution" 2655: 2620:

From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem until 1948

984:

Resentment over Zionist plans led to an outbreak of Arab-Jewish violence in the

4661: 4551:"Maximizing Rights: The One State Solution to the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict" 2809: 2223:"Resolving the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: The Viability of One-State Models" 2009: 2004: 1969: 1883: 1608: 1600: 1539: 1506: 1425: 1285: 1120: 918: 890: 878: 858: 646: 475: 399: 358: 347: 2396: 4866: 4722: 4533: 4292: 4078: 3903: 3446: 3393: 3390:"Dead Peace Process Could be "National Suicide" for Israel - IPS ipsnews.net" 3307: 3223: 2847: 2195: 2057: 2047: 2036: 1863: 1837:

On the aftermath of any hypothetical implementation of a one-state solution,

1712: 1680: 1650: 1635: 1623: 1588:

Critics have also argued that Jews, like any other nation, have the right to

1487: 1352: 1293: 1105: 922: 854: 842: 742: 711: 687: 352: 4268: 3579:"Israel official: Accepting Palestinians into Israel better than two states" 2618:

A/AC. 14/32 and Add. I of 11 November 1947. See full text in Walid Khalidi,

1276:

Today, the proponents for the one-state solution include Palestinian author

4742: 4566: 4490: 4284: 3873: 3669: 3195:"Hamas leader urges int'l community to respect Palestinian people's choice" 2062: 2052: 1980: 1859: 1854: 1733: 1724: 1708: 1672: 1649:

prisoners were shot in the knees and thrown off buildings, and the regular

1638: 1593: 1558: 1522: 1471: 1403: 1348: 1281: 1277: 1186: 1116: 826: 794: 763: 726: 722: 96: 2633: 1028:. After the violence, the British led another commission of inquiry under 4831: 4801: 3947: 3281: 2072: 2014: 1830: 1776: 1760: 1667: 1612: 1483: 1433: 1407: 1364: 1297: 1289: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1222: 1199: 1037: 1009: 989: 906: 874: 810: 375: 156: 3768:"Demography in Israel/Palestine: Trends, Prospects, Policy Implications" 2836:"The death of the Israel-Palestine two-state solution brings fresh hope" 4151: 3709:"Right-wing annexation drive fueled by false demographics, experts say" 3663:"The Million Person Gap: The Arab Population in the West Bank and Gaza" 2298: 1957: 1792: 1479: 1109: 1013: 866: 822: 802: 798: 703: 662: 463: 3415:

Leading Palestinian intellectual: We already have a one-state solution

1462:

of the West Bank, controlled by Israel, in blue and red, December 2011

3499:"Strenger than Fiction / Israel should consider a one-state solution" 3170:"Haniyeh to UN chief: Hamas accepts Palestinian state in '67 borders" 2947:"Two Peoples, One State - Nations & States - Global Policy Forum" 2067: 1896: 1819: 1518: 1495: 1494:

have voiced support for a one-state solution, rather than divide the

1491: 1467: 1372: 1260: 1249: 1001: 870: 846: 754: 658: 459: 4645: 2339: 1108:, Jews continued to immigrate illegally in what has become known as 4667:

The Israeli Solution: A One-State Plan for Peace in the Middle East

4495:

One Country: A Bold Proposal to End the Israeli–Palestinian Impasse

4269:"The case for peace: how the Arab-Israeli conflict can be resolved" 3695:

The Israeli Solution: A One-State Plan for Peace in the Middle East

3552:"New housing minister rejects settlement freeze as 'dreadful' idea" 3474:

The Israeli solution: a one-state plan for peace in the Middle East

1823: 1808: 1662: 862: 838: 770:, or as the best, most just, and only way to resolve the conflict. 702:

for the Palestinians there. A third model involves creating a

675: 4184:"Anti-Israel One-State Plan Gets Harvard Outlet: Jeffrey Goldberg" 679:

a single state. The one-state solution is sometimes also called a

4588:

The Case for Peace: How the Arab–Israeli Conflict Can be Resolved

3031: 2024: 1796: 1755: 1691: 1412: 1341: 1130: 850: 513: 436: 4741: 4100:"Look at the figures: Israel's settlement enterprise has failed" 3525:"The newly confident Israeli proponents of a one-state solution" 3198: 3117:. Arab Center for Applied Social Research. 2007. Archived from 1804: 1256:, an eventual "one-state reality" was the most likely outcome. 1142: 1047: 1021: 934: 818: 750: 654: 404: 387: 363: 3933:

One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict

2753:"Olmert to Haaretz: Two-state solution, or Israel is done for" 1375:

broke ground in his article, "Israel: The Alternative" in the

2600:. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy 2531:. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy 2509:. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy 2487:. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy 2465:. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy 1687: 1646: 1642: 1514: 1502: 1322: 1301: 1134: 894: 741:

Map of Israel showing the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the

694:

with a larger Arab minority. A second model calls for Israel

382: 4463:"6 in 10 Palestinians reject 2-state solution, survey finds" 3802:"Mandate For Palestine - The Legal Aspects of Jewish Rights" 1517:-led coalitions, argues for the annexation of Zone C of the 1119:

prompted Britain to turn over the issue of Palestine to the

4813: 1858:

Demonstration against Israeli annexation of the West Bank,

1138: 914: 806: 766:

would fail to achieve their national independence within a

759: 4067:"Israel-Palestine: the real reason there's still no peace" 1829:

Echoing these sentiments, Palestinian-American journalist

1192: 4014:"Palestinian Center for Research & Cultural Dialogue" 4695:

The Bi-National Idea in Palestine during Mandatory Times

2477: 2097:(est. 1925), Jewish supporters of bi-national state 1292:, Israeli writer Dan Gavron, Lebanese-American academic 2551:

Ben-Gurion and the Palestinian Arabs: From Peace to War

1557:

The demographic statistics from the PCBS are backed by

1170:

and subsequently resettled in the new State of Israel.

988:. Violence erupted again the following year during the 16:

Proposed resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

4305: 3605:"Hotovely laments Likud 'schizophrenia' on two states" 2896:"Biden: 'Overwhelming frustration' with Israeli gov't" 992:. In response to these riots, Britain established the 4748:

A land of two peoples: Martin Buber on Jews and Arabs

4710:

Leon, Dan. "Binationalism: A Bridge over the Chasm."

2810:"Palestinian state may have to be abandoned – Erekat" 1581:, would quickly render Jews a minority, according to 1051:

How UN members voted on Palestine's partition in 1947

2920:

Telhami, Marc Lynch and Shibley (19 February 2021).

2727:

The Future Vision of the Palestinian Arabs in Israel

884: 4883:

Phrases related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

3869:"Hussein Ibish on the Fantasy World of One-Staters" 1410:argued, in a 2007 interview with the Israeli daily 1198:position evolved following Israel's victory in the 1016:, even with an Arab majority, was the way forward. 669:describes the belief that the current situation in 4840: 4440:Poll No. 70, April 2010 - Governance and US policy 3697:. New York: Crown Forum, 2014. pp. 124–33, 155–63. 3432: 1161:resulted in Israel's establishment as well as the 965:granted Britain a mandate for Palestine. Like all 4442:. Jerusalem Media and Communications Centre. 2010 4308:"An Alternative Future: An Exchange by Amos Elon" 4118:"Some inconvenient facts for one-state advocates" 3961:"A Two-State Solution | Israel Policy Forum" 1542:challenged the census statistics provided by the 4864: 4691: 4581: 3762: 3361: 3275: 3237:"Iran rejects two-state solution for Palestine" 3046: 2807: 2314:"An Israeli-Palestinian Confederation Can Work" 1561:and quite similar to official Israeli figures. 4725:: From Two-State Solution to One-State Reality 4660: 4511: 3822: 3079: 2746: 2744: 2220: 1661:Some argue that Jews would face the threat of 1596:, there is a need for a Jewish national home. 1577:among Palestinians accompanied by a return of 1205: 969:, this mandate derived from article 22 of the 921:in exchange for assistance in driving out the 778: 3187: 2893: 2685:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 2113: 2111: 1890: 1513:, Prime Minister of Israel, included in many 1371:In October 2003, New York University scholar 618: 4835:The End of the Peace Process: Oslo and After 4489: 4133:"The Israeli Settlement Movement Is Failing" 3945:"One State Solution vs Two-State Solution?," 3106: 3104: 2915: 2913: 2274:"The Federation Plan: The Founding Document" 1451:Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank 1266: 4177: 4175: 4173: 3851: 3570: 3476:. New York: Crown forum. pp. 133–135. 3144:"Hamas: We Won't Accept Two-state Solution" 3024: 3018: 2887: 2741: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 1910:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine 1675:referred to the one-state solution as the " 1585:, an Israeli demographer and statistician. 1340:proposed a one-state solution known as the 4405: 4263: 3226:IMRA (May 16, 2011). Retrieved 2013-12-17. 3161: 3052: 2971: 2712: 2634:"The Anti-Zionism of the Bund (1947–1972)" 2311: 2108: 1389:published "The One-State Solution" in the 1152: 625: 611: 562:Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts 58: 4430: 4428: 4401: 4399: 3927: 3925: 3101: 2910: 2291: 2253: 2149: 1554:values and the rights of all minorities. 1402:Leftist journalists from Israel, such as 1115:Continued violence and the heavy cost of 909:. These letters, were later known as the 4772: 4548: 4408:"Palestinians increasingly back 1-state" 4370: 4181: 4170: 3887: 3866: 3799: 3496: 2801: 2357: 2175: 2155: 1853: 1548:Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies 1544:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 1454: 1046: 773: 736: 641:is a proposed approach to resolving the 4719: 4631: 4460: 4344: 4331: 4038: 3628: 3576: 3430: 2998: 2919: 2775: 2631: 2625: 2507:"The Covenant of the League of Nations" 2181: 2117: 1193:Palestinian views on a binational state 4865: 4425: 4406:Joffe-Walt, Benjamin (22 March 2010). 4396: 4182:Goldberg, Jeffrey (28 February 2012). 4130: 4064: 3922: 3706: 3602: 3327: 3073: 2972:Hirschberg, Peter (16 December 2003). 2861: 2827: 1645:' 2007 takeover of Gaza, during which 4612: 3985: 3867:Goldberg, Jeffrey (3 November 2009). 3631:"for Israel Two-State is No Solution" 3522: 3471: 3431:Lustick, Ian S. (14 September 2013). 3167: 3027:"Who's afraid of a binational state?" 2867: 2833: 2750: 1938:Jordanian annexation of the West Bank 1521:. Zone C, agreed upon as part of the 4775:"There Will Be a One-State Solution" 4727:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 3643:from the original on 29 January 2021 3629:Bennett, Naftali (5 November 2014). 3453:from the original on 22 January 2016 3297: 2870:"The threat of a one-state solution" 2337: 2249: 2247: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2095:Brit Shalom (political organization) 1444: 4149: 3852:Tarnopolsky, Noga (3 August 2020). 2808:Mohammed Assadi (4 November 2009). 2783:"Palestinian PM's 'one state' call" 2182:Remnick, David (10 November 2014). 1916:List of Middle East peace proposals 1826:than post-apartheid South Africa". 1104:, and due to Jewish persecution in 913:. McMahon promised Hussein and his 877:, the region was controlled by the 13: 4483: 4215:. 28 February 2012. Archived from 4152:"Peter Beinart's Grotesque Utopia" 4131:Arieli, Shaul (26 February 2018). 3707:Miller, Elhanan (5 January 2015). 2687:. 25 February 2020. 9 June 2021. 2632:Grabsky, August (10 August 2005). 2438:"The Jewish National Home in ...." 2411: 2254:Al Shawaf, Rayyan (3 April 2014). 1288:, American-Israeli anthropologist 1126:UN General Assembly Resolution 181 1079:Violence erupted again during the 14: 4894: 4878:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 4332:Hanania, Ray (19 November 2006). 3950:(3/3/2008). Retrieved 2013-12-17. 3910:from the original on 3 April 2022 3888:Goldberg, Jeffrey (21 May 2009). 3168:Segev, Yoav (22 September 2009). 3080:Michael Tarazi (4 October 2004). 2834:Shabi, Rachel (23 October 2012). 2751:Ravid, Barak (29 November 2007). 2463:"The Sykes-Picot Agreement: 1916" 2299:"A Land For All | ארץ לכולם" 2244: 2209: 2158:"One-state or two-state solution" 2156:Friedson, Felice (21 July 2010). 1849: 1740:, due to their high birth rates. 1607:Israeli historian and politician 1592:, and that due to still existing 885:Ottoman and later British control 4334:"One-state solution a pipedream" 4150:Mor, Shany (17 September 2020). 4041:"One-state solution a pipedream" 3825:"The Right of Jews to Statehood" 3603:Harkov, Lahav (28 August 2013). 3497:Strenger, Carlo (18 June 2010). 3368:. University of Michigan Press. 2868:Poort, David (26 January 2011). 2763:from the original on 6 June 2017 2700:. The Israel Democracy Institute 2137:from the original on 14 May 2013 1081:1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine 578:Middle East economic integration 177:Agreement on Movement and Access 4848:. Manchester University Press. 4751:. University of Chicago Press. 4745:; Paul R. Mendes-Flohr (1994). 4454: 4325: 4299: 4257: 4231: 4201: 4143: 4124: 4110: 4092: 4058: 4032: 4006: 3979: 3953: 3937: 3881: 3860: 3845: 3816: 3793: 3756: 3730: 3721: 3700: 3687: 3655: 3622: 3596: 3544: 3523:Ahren, Raphael (16 July 2012). 3516: 3490: 3465: 3424: 3408: 3382: 3355: 3321: 3291: 3247: 3229: 3217: 3201:. April 2, 2006. Archived from 3136: 3025:Gideon Levy (2 February 2014). 3001:"Forget the two-state solution" 2992: 2965: 2939: 2894:Josh Lederman (19 April 2016). 2690: 2674: 2648: 2612: 2590: 2564: 2543: 2521: 2499: 2455: 2446: 2431: 2405: 2390: 2229:(Memorandum No. 217 ed.). 1175:International Jewish Labor Bund 917:followers the territory of the 901:, corresponded by letters with 649:would be established in former 484:Palestinian Prisoners' Document 4065:Thrall, Nathan (16 May 2017). 3986:Grant, Linda (17 March 2004). 3298:Judt, Tony (23 October 2003). 3284:, "Truth and Reconciliation," 2999:Makdisi, Saree (11 May 2008). 2402:. 30 July 2019. 5 August 2019. 2331: 2305: 2266: 2221:Sharvit Baruch, Pnina (2021). 2043:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel 1950:Peres–Hussein London Agreement 1944:King Hussein's federation plan 1743: 1083:. The British established the 994:Haycraft Commission of Inquiry 911:Hussein–McMahon Correspondence 586:Alliance for Middle East Peace 540: / groups / 256:Palestinian political violence 1: 4820:Reprint, Westport, CT, 1983, 4461:Hoffman, Gil (15 July 2011). 4039:Hanania, Ray (20 June 1995). 2698:"The Peace Index: March 2010" 2598:"British White Paper of 1939" 2102: 1818:Left-wing Israeli journalist 1020:, the emerging leader of the 4837:, Granta Books, London: 2000 4549:Bisharat, George E. (2008). 4526:10.1080/02589346.2010.522342 4384:. Near East Consulting. 2007 4358:. Near East Consulting. 2007 4312:The New York Review of Books 3053:Al Gathafi, Muammar (2003). 1383:The New York Review of Books 1210:A poll conducted in 2010 by 1085:Peel Commission of 1936–1937 785:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 643:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 43:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7: 3472:Glick, Caroline B. (2014). 2553:. Oxford University Press. 2340:"Palestinian-Israeli Pulse" 2312:Scheindlin, Dahlia (2018). 1902: 1630: 1358: 1271: 1252:said that due to expanding 1206:One-state debate since 2009 779:Antiquity until World War I 732: 692:Jewish and democratic state 10: 4899: 4382:NEC General Monthly Survey 4356:NEC General Monthly Survey 4209:"A Destructive "Solution"" 3727:a b Shenhav, 2006, p. 191. 2485:"Balfour Declaration 1917" 1891:Views of current situation 1568: 1498:in a two-state solution. 1448: 1212:Israel Democracy Institute 971:League of Nations Covenant 967:League of Nations Mandates 782: 279:Zionist political violence 127:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 18: 4773:Munayyer, Yousef (2019). 4692:Susan Lee Hattis (1970). 4617:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 3300:"Israel: The Alternative" 2000:From the river to the sea 1976:Madrid Conference of 1991 1347:. Iranian supreme leader 1331:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 1296:, and Israeli journalist 1267:Arguments for and against 645:, according to which one 551:Peace-orientated projects 507:Israeli unilateral plans: 300:Israeli West Bank barrier 205: 195: 185: 175: 165: 155: 145: 135: 125: 115: 105: 95: 85: 75: 4720:Lustick, Ian S. (2019). 4713:Palestine–Israel Journal 4239:"Partition of Palestine" 4213:Harvard Political Review 3775:Shalom Hartman Institute 3362:Virginia Tilley (2005). 3333:"The One-State Solution" 3082:"Two Peoples, One State" 2720:"Palestinians in Israel" 2338:azza (24 January 2023). 2124:"The One-State Solution" 1378:New York Review of Books 480:Israeli Peace Initiative 4634:The Middle East Journal 4591:. John Wiley and Sons. 4265:Dershowitz, Alan Morton 2549:Teveth, Shabtai (1985) 2529:"The Palestine Mandate" 2418:Encyclopedia Britannica 2400:Encyclopedia Britannica 2184:"The One-State Reality" 1486:, and former President 1336:In 2003, Libyan leader 1153:Establishment of Israel 986:Palestine Riots of 1920 889:From 1915 to 1916, the 4567:10.2202/1934-2640.1266 4436:"Jerusalem Media Poll" 4285:10.5860/choice.43-4915 4279:(8): 43–4915–43-4915. 3365:The One-State Solution 3337:London Review of Books 3055:"White Book (ISRATIN)" 2729:. Reut Institute. 2006 2378:. Reut Institute. 2004 1867: 1722: 1463: 1392:London Review of Books 1316: 1076: 1008:, a veteran leader of 903:Sayyid Hussein bin Ali 805:(who later became the 745: 696:to annex the West Bank 594:Peres Center for Peace 147:The Clinton Parameters 4273:Choice Reviews Online 4245:. London. 8 July 1937 3577:Zrahiya, Zvi (2010). 2974:"One state awakening" 2278:www.federation.org.il 1987:Palestinian Authority 1857: 1717: 1696:Israel Defense Forces 1618:In an interview with 1476:recognized minorities 1458: 1351:and former president 1312: 1284:, Palestinian lawyer 1159:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1147:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1050: 1042:Command Paper No 3530 939:Sykes–Picot Agreement 933:In 1916, Britain and 927:Churchill White Paper 893:High Commissioner in 789:The area between the 774:Historical background 740: 468:Arab Peace Initiative 332:International brokers 4613:Faris, Hani (2013). 3823:Prof. Ruth Gavison. 3434:"Two-State Illusion" 1926:Three-state solution 1579:Palestinian refugees 1575:total fertility rate 1530:The Israeli Solution 1168:Modern Jewish Exodus 1100:a revocation of the 1032:. The report of the 1026:1929 Palestine riots 943:Arthur James Balfour 498:Three-state solution 310:Fatah–Hamas conflict 261:Palestinian refugees 243:Palestinian enclaves 187:Annapolis Conference 117:Wye River Memorandum 3988:"Tales of Tel Aviv" 3967:on 28 February 2012 3804:. Mythsandfacts.com 3764:Sergio DellaPergola 3530:The Times of Israel 3396:on 17 February 2011 3331:(6 November 2003). 3260:Middle East Monitor 3112:"Haifa Declaration" 2662:. 30 September 2010 2121:(21 January 2009). 1583:Sergio DellaPergola 1563:Sergio DellaPergola 1432:In 2013, professor 1163:flight or expulsion 1102:Balfour Declaration 1093:White Paper of 1939 1089:Peel Partition Plan 979:Balfour Declaration 951:Balfour Declaration 651:Mandatory Palestine 271:Status of Jerusalem 238:Israeli settlements 50:Israeli–Palestinian 39:Part of a series on 25:Multinational state 4873:One-state solution 4842:Virginia Q. Tilley 4412:The Jerusalem Post 3896:The New York Times 3891:"No Common Ground" 3636:The New York Times 3609:The Jerusalem Post 3439:The New York Times 3263:. 12 November 2023 3087:The New York Times 2953:on 20 October 2008 2898:. Associated Press 2636:. Workers' Liberty 2376:"One state threat" 2162:The Jerusalem Post 2130:The New York Times 1964:State of Palestine 1921:Two-state solution 1868: 1813:The Case for Peace 1705:Norman Finkelstein 1590:self-determination 1535:The Jerusalem Post 1464: 1438:The New York Times 1338:Muammar al-Gaddafi 1307:The New York Times 1183:Canaanite movement 1077: 955:British government 768:two-state solution 746: 719:two-state solution 639:one-state solution 451:Two-state solution 428:One-state solution 294:Secondary concerns 197:Mitchell-led talks 101:1993 / 95 77:Camp David Accords 21:Two Nations theory 4855:978-0-7190-7336-6 4810:Judah Leon Magnes 4758:978-0-226-07802-1 4734:978-0-8122-5195-1 4698:. Haifa: Shikmona 4624:978-0-85773-423-5 4598:978-0-470-04585-5 4585:(4 August 2006). 4504:978-0-8050-8666-9 3693:Glick, Caroline. 3483:978-0-385-34806-5 3421:, Dec. 5th, 2011) 3375:978-0-472-03449-9 3288:, 14 January 1999 3243:. 2 October 2011. 3205:on August 5, 2014 3005:Los Angeles Times 2680:Pollock, David. 2078:Judah Leon Magnes 2039: (1856–1927) 1839:Gershom Gorenberg 1753:points to a 2000 1445:The Israeli right 975:Palestine Mandate 963:League of Nations 899:Sir Henry McMahon 791:Mediterranean Sea 700:autonomous region 681:bi-national state 667:one-state reality 635: 634: 472:Geneva Initiative 305:Places of worship 266:Security concerns 215: 214: 137:Camp David Summit 87:Madrid Conference 29:Consociationalism 4890: 4859: 4786: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4738: 4716:, July 31, 1999. 4707: 4705: 4703: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4664:(4 March 2014). 4657: 4628: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4578: 4545: 4520:(2–3): 331–351. 4508: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4267:(1 April 2006). 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4179: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4016:. 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Archived from 3386: 3380: 3379: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3329:Tilley, Virginia 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3295: 3289: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3123: 3116: 3108: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3061:on 15 April 2008 3057:. Archived from 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2976:. Archived from 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2949:. Archived from 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2789:. 9 January 2004 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2748: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2724: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2694: 2688: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2629: 2623: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2574:. Archived from 2568: 2562: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2412:Ismail, Rashid. 2409: 2403: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2372: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2301:. 19 April 2019. 2295: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2218: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2126: 2119:Qadaffi, Muammar 2115: 2020:Multiculturalism 1994:General concepts 1940:(1950-1967/1988) 1933:Jordanian option 1751:Jeffrey Goldberg 1620:Jeffrey Goldberg 1420:John Mearsheimer 1327:Mahmoud Al-Zahar 1073: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1018:David Ben-Gurion 1012:, argued that a 1006:Shlomo Kaplansky 905:, the father of 671:Israel/Palestine 627: 620: 613: 592: 584: 576: 568: 560: 554: 509: 501: 488:Trump Peace Plan 455: 432: 378: 342: 224:Primary concerns 73: 72: 62: 36: 35: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4818:Greenwood Press 4779:Foreign Affairs 4763: 4761: 4759: 4735: 4701: 4699: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4670:. Crown Forum. 4646:10.3751/65.1.13 4625: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4583:Alan Dershowitz 4505: 4486: 4484:Further reading 4481: 4471: 4469: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4404: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4376: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4304: 4300: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4219:on 3 March 2012 4207: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4180: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4148: 4144: 4129: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4063: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4037: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4020:on 27 July 2011 4012: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3984: 3980: 3970: 3968: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3942: 3938: 3931:Morris, Benny: 3930: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3886: 3882: 3865: 3861: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3827: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3798: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3770: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3744:on 1 March 2012 3736: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3714:Times of Israel 3705: 3701: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3675:on 3 March 2016 3672: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3575: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3558:. 17 March 2013 3556:Times Of Israel 3550: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3429: 3425: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3296: 3292: 3286:Al-Ahram Weekly 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3124:on 3 March 2011 3121: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2980:on 7 March 2008 2970: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2918: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2749: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2630: 2626: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2410: 2406: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2310: 2306: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2252: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2227:www.inss.org.il 2219: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2180: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2154: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2133:. p. A33. 2116: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2083:Virginia Tilley 1972:(declared 1988) 1966:(declared 1988) 1905: 1893: 1852: 1789:Peel Commission 1769:British Mandate 1759:interview with 1746: 1690:, some Israeli 1633: 1571: 1528:In a 2014 book 1511:Naftali Bennett 1453: 1447: 1387:Virginia Tilley 1361: 1274: 1269: 1208: 1195: 1155: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1062: Abstained 1059: 1057: 1056: In favour 1053: 1036:, known as the 1034:Shaw Commission 1030:Sir Walter Shaw 998:Ahdut Ha'avodah 977:recognized the 949:, known as the 947:Lord Rothschild 887: 787: 781: 776: 735: 631: 602: 601: 598: 590: 582: 574: 570:Valley of Peace 566: 558: 548: 544: 530: 529: 526: 520: 516: 505: 502: 495: 492: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 448: 445: 441:Elon Peace Plan 439: 425: 421: 413: 412: 409: 393: 392: 374: 370: 369: 357: 338: 333: 325: 324: 295: 287: 286: 283: 252: 225: 217: 216: 207:Kerry-led talks 107:Hebron Protocol 70: 51: 40: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4896: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4861: 4860: 4854: 4838: 4829: 4787: 4770: 4757: 4739: 4733: 4717: 4708: 4689: 4677:978-0385348065 4676: 4662:Caroline Glick 4658: 4629: 4623: 4610: 4597: 4579: 4546: 4509: 4503: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4467:Jerusalem Post 4453: 4424: 4395: 4369: 4343: 4324: 4298: 4256: 4230: 4200: 4169: 4142: 4123: 4109: 4091: 4057: 4031: 4005: 3978: 3952: 3943:Steven Plaut, 3936: 3921: 3880: 3859: 3844: 3815: 3800:Eli E. Hertz. 3792: 3755: 3729: 3720: 3699: 3686: 3654: 3621: 3595: 3569: 3543: 3515: 3489: 3482: 3464: 3423: 3407: 3381: 3374: 3354: 3320: 3290: 3274: 3246: 3228: 3216: 3186: 3160: 3135: 3100: 3072: 3045: 3017: 2991: 2964: 2938: 2909: 2886: 2860: 2826: 2800: 2774: 2740: 2711: 2689: 2673: 2660:Mondediplo.com 2647: 2624: 2611: 2589: 2563: 2542: 2520: 2498: 2476: 2454: 2445: 2443:. 4 May 2022. 2430: 2404: 2389: 2356: 2330: 2318:Foreign Policy 2304: 2290: 2265: 2243: 2208: 2188:The New Yorker 2174: 2148: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2010:Palestinianism 2007: 2005:Halachic state 2002: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1973: 1970:State of Judea 1967: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1913: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1892: 1889: 1884:Israel Project 1866:, June 6, 2020 1851: 1850:Public opinion 1848: 1745: 1742: 1651:honor killings 1632: 1629: 1609:Shlomo Ben-Ami 1601:Reut Institute 1570: 1567: 1540:Caroline Glick 1507:Tzipi Hotovely 1449:Main article: 1446: 1443: 1426:Rashid Khalidi 1360: 1357: 1286:Michael Tarazi 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1207: 1204: 1194: 1191: 1154: 1151: 1121:United Nations 1070: 1064: 1058: 1052: 919:Ottoman Empire 886: 883: 879:Ottoman Empire 783:Main article: 780: 777: 775: 772: 762:state and the 734: 731: 725:and 20% among 708:A Land for All 698:and create an 633: 632: 630: 629: 622: 615: 607: 604: 603: 600: 599: 597: 596: 588: 580: 572: 564: 555: 545: 536: 535: 532: 531: 528: 527: 525: 524: 510: 503: 493: 491: 490: 476:Lieberman Plan 456: 446: 444: 443: 433: 422: 419: 418: 415: 414: 411: 410: 408: 407: 402: 400:United Kingdom 396: 394: 391: 390: 385: 379: 373: 371: 368: 367: 361: 359:European Union 355: 350: 348:United Nations 343: 337: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 282: 281: 275: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 251: 250: 245: 240: 235: 229: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 213: 212: 209: 203: 202: 199: 193: 192: 189: 183: 182: 179: 173: 172: 169: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 149: 143: 142: 139: 133: 132: 129: 123: 122: 119: 113: 112: 109: 103: 102: 99: 93: 92: 89: 83: 82: 79: 71: 68: 67: 64: 63: 55: 54: 46: 45: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4895: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4826:0-8371-2617-7 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4760: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4724: 4723:Paradigm Lost 4718: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4697: 4696: 4690: 4679: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4600: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4555:Global Jurist 4552: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4497:. Macmillan. 4496: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4400: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4328: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4189: 4188:Bloomberg.com 4185: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4157: 4156:en.idi.org.il 4153: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4119: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4019: 4015: 4009: 3993: 3989: 3982: 3966: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3926: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3884: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3863: 3855: 3848: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3803: 3796: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3724: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3690: 3671: 3664: 3658: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3625: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3584: 3580: 3573: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3427: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3377: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3262: 3261: 3256: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3225: 3220: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3120: 3113: 3107: 3105: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3021: 3006: 3002: 2995: 2979: 2975: 2968: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2914: 2897: 2890: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2745: 2728: 2721: 2715: 2699: 2693: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2635: 2628: 2621: 2615: 2599: 2593: 2578:on 8 May 2008 2577: 2573: 2567: 2561:. Pages 66–70 2560: 2559:0-19-503562-3 2556: 2552: 2546: 2530: 2524: 2508: 2502: 2486: 2480: 2464: 2458: 2449: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2419: 2415: 2408: 2401: 2398: 2393: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2345: 2344:www.pcpsr.org 2341: 2334: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2300: 2294: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2248: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2107: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2089:Organisations 2088: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2058:Hugo Bergmann 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2048:Hannah Arendt 2046: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2031:Personalities 2030: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1900: 1898: 1888: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1865: 1864:Tel Aviv-Yafo 1861: 1856: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1835: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1771:, such as in 1770: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1741: 1739: 1738:Modi'in Illit 1735: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1713:Nathan Thrall 1710: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1665:. Writing on 1664: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1636:New Historian 1628: 1625: 1624:Hussein Ibish 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488:Reuven Rivlin 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1353:Ebrahim Raisi 1350: 1346: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294:Saree Makdisi 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1203: 1201: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1106:the Holocaust 1103: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1068: Against 1049: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 961:In 1922, the 959: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 928: 924: 923:Ottoman Turks 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 786: 771: 769: 765: 761: 756: 752: 744: 743:Golan Heights 739: 730: 728: 724: 720: 715: 713: 712:confederation 710:, involves a 709: 705: 704:federal state 701: 697: 693: 689: 688:unitary state 684: 682: 678: 677: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 628: 623: 621: 616: 614: 609: 608: 606: 605: 595: 589: 587: 581: 579: 573: 571: 565: 563: 557: 556: 553: 552: 547: 546: 543: 539: 534: 533: 523: 519: 518:Disengagement 515: 512: 511: 508: 504: 500: 499: 494: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 458: 457: 454: 452: 447: 442: 438: 435: 434: 431: 429: 424: 423: 417: 416: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 395: 389: 386: 384: 381: 380: 377: 372: 365: 362: 360: 356: 354: 353:United States 351: 349: 345: 344: 341: 340:The "Quartet" 336: 335: 329: 328: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 291: 290: 280: 277: 276: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 233:Final borders 231: 230: 228: 227: 221: 220: 210: 208: 204: 200: 198: 194: 190: 188: 184: 180: 178: 174: 170: 168: 164: 160: 158: 154: 150: 148: 144: 140: 138: 134: 130: 128: 124: 120: 118: 114: 110: 108: 104: 100: 98: 94: 90: 88: 84: 80: 78: 74: 66: 65: 61: 57: 56: 53: 52:peace process 48: 47: 44: 38: 37: 34: 30: 26: 22: 4845: 4834: 4806:M. Smilansky 4793: 4782: 4778: 4762:. Retrieved 4747: 4743:Martin Buber 4721: 4711: 4700:. Retrieved 4694: 4681:. Retrieved 4666: 4640:(1): 55–71. 4637: 4633: 4614: 4602:. Retrieved 4587: 4558: 4554: 4517: 4513: 4494: 4491:Ali Abunimah 4470:. Retrieved 4466: 4456: 4444:. Retrieved 4439: 4415:. Retrieved 4411: 4386:. Retrieved 4381: 4378:"NEC poll 2" 4372: 4360:. Retrieved 4355: 4346: 4337: 4327: 4315:. Retrieved 4311: 4301: 4276: 4272: 4259: 4247:. Retrieved 4243:The Guardian 4242: 4233: 4221:. Retrieved 4217:the original 4212: 4203: 4191:. Retrieved 4187: 4160:. Retrieved 4155: 4145: 4136: 4126: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4082:. Retrieved 4071:The Guardian 4070: 4060: 4048:. Retrieved 4044: 4034: 4022:. Retrieved 4018:the original 4008: 3996:. Retrieved 3992:The Guardian 3991: 3981: 3969:. Retrieved 3965:the original 3955: 3939: 3932: 3912:. Retrieved 3895: 3883: 3874:The Atlantic 3872: 3862: 3847: 3835:. Retrieved 3831: 3818: 3806:. Retrieved 3795: 3783:. 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Retrieved 2128: 2063:Martin Buber 2053:Gilad Atzmon 1983:(1993, 1995) 1981:Oslo Accords 1894: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1860:Rabin Square 1844: 1836: 1828: 1817: 1812: 1765: 1754: 1747: 1734:Beitar Illit 1730: 1725:Shaul Arieli 1723: 1718: 1709:Noam Chomsky 1701: 1685: 1673:Steven Plaut 1666: 1660: 1656: 1639:Benny Morris 1634: 1617: 1606: 1598: 1594:antisemitism 1587: 1572: 1559:Arnon Soffer 1556: 1552: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1523:Oslo Accords 1500: 1472:Jewish state 1465: 1437: 1431: 1424: 1418: 1411: 1404:Haim Hanegbi 1401: 1396: 1390: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1362: 1349:Ali Khamenei 1342: 1335: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1305: 1282:Jamal Dajani 1278:Ali Abunimah 1275: 1258: 1246: 1230: 1227: 1220: 1209: 1196: 1187:Tsvi Misinai 1180: 1172: 1156: 1129:countries – 1117:World War II 1114: 1098: 1078: 1074: Absent 983: 960: 932: 888: 843:Seljuk Turks 795:Jordan River 788: 764:Palestinians 747: 727:Israeli Jews 723:Palestinians 716: 685: 680: 674: 666: 638: 636: 549: 506: 496: 449: 427: 426: 248:Jewish state 97:Oslo Accords 33: 4798:Lord Samuel 4417:3 September 4158:(in Hebrew) 4137:The Forward 4084:22 December 3948:Arutz Sheva 3679:23 December 3588:12 February 3282:Edward Said 3179:25 February 2640:10 November 2414:"Palestine" 2349:11 December 2073:Ghada Karmi 2015:Melting pot 1989:(est. 1995) 1831:Ray Hanania 1761:Edward Said 1744:Journalists 1668:Arutz Sheva 1613:ivory tower 1484:Moshe Arens 1434:Ian Lustick 1408:Ehud Olmert 1365:Edward Said 1298:Gideon Levy 1290:Jeff Halper 1254:settlements 1241:Saeb Erekat 1237:Ahmed Qurei 1223:Umm el-Fahm 1200:Six-Day War 1143:Transjordan 1038:Shaw Report 1010:Poalei Zion 990:Jaffa Riots 937:signed the 907:Pan Arabism 875:World War I 811:Babylonians 665:. 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