44:
1278:
1524:
1791:
721:
alleges that the scheme, whose beneficiaries are at the sole discretion of the PRC government and outside of the vetting procedures of the Hong Kong
Immigration Department, is an infiltration mechanism by spies and friends of the regime into Hong Kong; those that are not filled by spies become a
336:
In 1982, in order to control the border, the
British Hong Kong government reached an agreement with the Chinese government, stipulating that mainland residents coming to Hong Kong for residency must hold a one-way permit issued by the Chinese government, with a quota of 75 per day. In 1995, the
716:
Although the permit is specifically for the purpose of family reunion, not for general immigration, the scheme is controversial. Hong Kong currently has a quota of 150 people per day and the waiting time for spouses is currently 4 years. Journalist
1003:
1884:
333:, which confer all mainland residents who arrived in Hong Kong the legal Hong Kong resident status. As the number of immigrants increased, the British Hong Kong government decided to change the policy and control immigration.
1512:
1779:
1266:
1827:
722:
graft mechanism for officials. Martin Lee said that the policy is part of the CPC's strategy of long-run "Tibetisation" of Hong Kong, aimed at marginalising Hong Kong people and their core values over time.
1505:
1067:
1865:
986:
961:
2004:
1498:
1448:
1772:
1259:
310:
1456:
731:
2000:
1765:
1748:
1744:
1452:
1252:
1037:
1916:
1644:
1403:
1244:
1932:
1660:
1424:
1090:"The Past and Future of the One Way Permit Scheme in the Context of a Population Policy for Hong Kong http://www.bauhinia.org/pdf/research/20080828/OWP_Report.pdf"
1059:
1490:
983:
957:
1855:
864:
1860:
1757:
1592:
1571:
708:
As of the end of 2016, approximately 950,000 mainland migrants came from the program, representing about 12.8% of Hong Kong's total population.
1467:
1386:
802:
1152:
888:
1841:
1089:
1429:
1274:
1177:
1029:
958:"Hong Kong doctors join localist protest against one-way permit scheme, as mainland migrant influx blamed for stretched hospitals"
1382:
1228:
769:
43:
1720:
1696:
2033:
859:
832:
1520:
2028:
1727:
1356:
313:. This passport-size document is issued for its bearers, Chinese citizens residing in the mainland with relatives in
1787:
1030:"Home Affairs Department - Public Services - Services for the New Arrivals from The Mainland - Questionnaire Survey"
1681:
1204:
2023:
742:
260:
195:
158:
93:
984:
Mainland migrants are needed in Hong Kong. The city should not scrap the one-way permit scheme, but improve it
209:
107:
1822:
1613:
932:
854:
1701:
1479:
1587:
1130:
794:
1144:
885:
1968:
1937:
1665:
1555:
1540:
1419:
1346:
1953:
1885:
Declaration Form for
Holders of the Macau SAR Permanent Resident Identity Card to Hong Kong SAR
1475:
1309:
1096:
910:
1351:
905:
1608:
1361:
1174:
8:
1984:
1901:
1807:
1629:
734:: The permit issued to Mainland Chinese residents visiting Hong Kong and Macau temporary.
65:
737:
337:
one-way permit daily quota was raised to 150. This quota cap remains in effect today.
1225:
1115:
330:
795:"LCQ13: Persons holding Two-way Exit Permit with endorsement for visiting relatives"
1330:
761:
232:
130:
1232:
1208:
1181:
990:
892:
306:
1293:
1282:
22:
824:
2017:
1314:
718:
239:
137:
762:"First entry of holders of a Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao"
1201:
1529:
314:
253:
151:
274:
172:
1060:"Number of mainlanders moving to Hong Kong drops by almost 15,000"
321:, to proceed to the special administrative regions for residency.
732:
Exit-Entry Permit for
Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau
311:
1796:
1471:
1277:
318:
279:
265:
177:
163:
1999:
See also the identity and travel document templates for
1743:
See also the identity and travel document templates for
244:
142:
1856:Macao Special Administrative Region Travel Permit
1202:"Three Views of Local Consciousness in Hong Kong"
329:The British Hong Kong government implemented the
2015:
1593:Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes
1572:Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport
1721:British Dependent Territories Citizen passport
1773:
1506:
1260:
1196:
1194:
214:
200:
112:
98:
1842:Macao Special Administrative Region passport
1215:, Vol. 12; Issue 44, No. 1; 3 November 2014.
299:Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao
895:, Government Information Centre, Hong Kong.
1780:
1766:
1513:
1499:
1267:
1253:
1191:
42:
1828:Non-resident Worker's Identification Card
1425:Mainland Travel Permit (Hong Kong, Macau)
825:"Right of Abode | Immigration Department"
1004:"卓孝业:持单程证抵港人数去年平均每日112人 贴近疫情前水平 - RTHK"
2016:
1799:-related identity and travel documents
1532:-related identity and travel documents
1285:-related identity and travel documents
1040:from the original on 30 September 2023
886:Press Releases — LCQ17: One-way Permit
805:from the original on 25 September 2023
340:
179:cin4 wong5 gong2 ou3 tung1 hang4 zing3
1761:
1494:
1248:
1697:British National (Overseas) passport
835:from the original on 25 October 2018
789:
787:
860:National Immigration Administration
772:from the original on 23 August 2024
165:chìhn wóhng Góng Ou tūng hàhng jing
13:
1866:Macau Seafarer's Identity Document
14:
2045:
1728:Hong Kong Certificate of Identity
1357:Hong Kong and Macao Travel Permit
1224:Lee, Martin (29 September 2012).
1155:from the original on 3 March 2024
933:"粤港边界30年:1978年上万人涌向深圳等待逃港_资讯_凤凰网"
867:from the original on 14 July 2023
784:
1789:
1522:
1276:
1070:from the original on 16 May 2024
964:from the original on 1 June 2023
1430:Mainland Travel Permit (Taiwan)
1218:
1167:
1137:
1082:
1052:
1022:
996:
280:
266:
178:
164:
976:
950:
925:
898:
879:
847:
817:
754:
743:Taiwan Compatriot Entry Permit
711:
245:
215:
201:
144:Qiánwǎng Gǎng Ào tōngxíngzhèng
143:
113:
99:
1:
1145:"LCQ2: One-way permit scheme"
748:
1823:Macau Resident Identity Card
1470:by the People's Republic of
301:, colloquially known as the
7:
766:Macao SAR Government Portal
725:
10:
2050:
2034:Hong Kong travel documents
1702:British emergency passport
1480:political status of Taiwan
1457:Taiwan (Republic of China)
324:
20:
1997:
1977:
1961:
1950:
1925:
1917:Mainland Residence Permit
1909:
1898:
1874:
1861:Visit Permit to Hong Kong
1848:
1836:
1815:
1804:
1741:
1710:
1689:
1678:
1653:
1645:Mainland Residence Permit
1637:
1626:
1601:
1588:Hong Kong Re-entry Permit
1580:
1564:
1548:
1537:
1464:
1442:
1412:
1396:
1379:
1339:
1323:
1302:
1290:
291:
273:
259:
252:
238:
231:
226:
222:
208:
194:
189:
171:
157:
150:
136:
129:
124:
120:
106:
92:
88:
83:
71:
61:
53:
41:
30:
2029:Immigration to Hong Kong
1213:The Asia-Pacific Journal
1207:24 February 2015 at the
1180:24 February 2015 at the
1064:South China Morning Post
196:Traditional Chinese
94:Traditional Chinese
31:Permit for Proceeding to
21:Not to be confused with
1969:Portuguese Citizen Card
1938:Chinese Travel Document
1666:Chinese Travel Document
1556:Hong Kong identity card
989:7 November 2020 at the
357:Remaining quota by year
210:Simplified Chinese
108:Simplified Chinese
1476:cross-Strait relations
1310:Resident Identity Card
911:Immigration Department
2024:Human rights in China
1468:claimed as a province
1352:Exit and Entry Permit
1447:Documents issued by
1362:Taiwan Travel Permit
1231:4 March 2016 at the
1184:. Sina Corporation.
1010:(in Chinese (China))
1985:Portuguese passport
891:26 May 2024 at the
341:Selected statistics
33:Hong Kong and Macao
1962:Identity documents
1910:Identity documents
1816:Identity documents
1638:Identity documents
1609:Closed Area Permit
1549:Identity documents
1315:Household Register
1303:Identity documents
1188:, 7 November 2012.
1102:on 28 October 2013
1066:. 15 August 2018.
738:Home Return Permit
2011:
2010:
1993:
1992:
1946:
1945:
1933:Home Visit Permit
1894:
1893:
1876:Defunct documents
1755:
1754:
1737:
1736:
1712:Defunct documents
1674:
1673:
1661:Home Visit Permit
1622:
1621:
1488:
1487:
1438:
1437:
1397:Identity document
1375:
1374:
1123:External link in
704:
703:
331:Touch Base Policy
295:
294:
287:
286:
281:Daan1 cing4 zing3
261:Yale Romanization
233:Standard Mandarin
185:
184:
159:Yale Romanization
131:Standard Mandarin
79:
78:
72:First issued
2041:
1959:
1958:
1926:Travel documents
1907:
1906:
1849:Travel documents
1813:
1812:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1687:
1686:
1654:Travel documents
1635:
1634:
1581:Travel documents
1546:
1545:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1413:Travel documents
1404:Residence Permit
1394:
1393:
1340:Travel documents
1300:
1299:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1222:
1216:
1198:
1189:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1095:. Archived from
1094:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1000:
994:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
902:
896:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
791:
782:
781:
779:
777:
758:
354:Bearers aged 15+
345:
344:
283:
282:
269:
268:
267:Dāan chìhng jing
248:
247:
224:
223:
218:
217:
204:
203:
181:
180:
167:
166:
146:
145:
122:
121:
116:
115:
102:
101:
81:
80:
46:
37:
28:
27:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1989:
1973:
1952:
1942:
1921:
1900:
1890:
1870:
1844:
1832:
1806:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1756:
1751:
1733:
1706:
1680:
1670:
1649:
1628:
1618:
1614:Driving licence
1597:
1576:
1560:
1539:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1460:
1434:
1420:Travel Document
1408:
1389:
1381:
1371:
1347:Travel Document
1335:
1319:
1292:
1286:
1275:
1273:
1243:
1233:Wayback Machine
1223:
1219:
1209:Wayback Machine
1200:Hung, Ho-fung.
1199:
1192:
1182:Wayback Machine
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1149:www.info.gov.hk
1143:
1142:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1002:
1001:
997:
991:Wayback Machine
981:
977:
967:
965:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
931:
930:
926:
916:
914:
906:"入境事務處六十周年紀念特刊"
904:
903:
899:
893:Wayback Machine
884:
880:
870:
868:
855:"前往港澳通行证签发服务指南"
853:
852:
848:
838:
836:
829:www.immd.gov.hk
823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
799:www.info.gov.hk
793:
792:
785:
775:
773:
760:
759:
755:
751:
728:
714:
343:
327:
307:travel document
57:Travel document
49:
35:
34:
32:
26:
17:
16:Travel document
12:
11:
5:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1684:
1682:United Kingdom
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1391:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1367:One-way Permit
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1283:Mainland China
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1217:
1190:
1166:
1136:
1081:
1051:
1034:www.had.gov.hk
1021:
995:
975:
949:
937:news.ifeng.com
924:
897:
878:
846:
816:
783:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
740:
735:
727:
724:
713:
710:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
651:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
617:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
549:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
498:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
481:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
447:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
430:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
413:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
362:
361:
358:
355:
352:
351:No. of bearers
349:
342:
339:
326:
323:
309:issued by the
303:One-way Permit
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
277:
271:
270:
263:
257:
256:
254:Yue: Cantonese
250:
249:
242:
236:
235:
229:
228:
227:Transcriptions
220:
219:
212:
206:
205:
198:
192:
191:
190:One-way Permit
187:
186:
183:
182:
175:
169:
168:
161:
155:
154:
152:Yue: Cantonese
148:
147:
140:
134:
133:
127:
126:
125:Transcriptions
118:
117:
110:
104:
103:
96:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:One-way Permit
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
23:Two-way Permit
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2046:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:Issued by the
1677:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:Other permits
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1238:
1237:Next Magazine
1234:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1132:
1117:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1009:
1005:
999:
992:
988:
985:
979:
963:
959:
953:
938:
934:
928:
913:
912:
907:
901:
894:
890:
887:
882:
866:
862:
861:
856:
850:
834:
830:
826:
820:
804:
800:
796:
790:
788:
771:
767:
763:
757:
753:
744:
741:
739:
736:
733:
730:
729:
723:
720:
709:
706:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
618:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
584:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
431:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
397:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
363:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
346:
338:
334:
332:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
290:
278:
276:
272:
264:
262:
258:
255:
251:
246:Dānchéngzhèng
243:
241:
237:
234:
230:
225:
221:
213:
211:
207:
199:
197:
193:
188:
176:
174:
170:
162:
160:
156:
153:
149:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
123:
119:
111:
109:
105:
97:
95:
91:
87:
82:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
29:
24:
19:
1883:
1875:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1366:
1236:
1220:
1212:
1185:
1175:從十八大看香港地下黨規模
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1126:|title=
1104:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1063:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1033:
1024:
1014:20 September
1012:. Retrieved
1008:news.rthk.hk
1007:
998:
978:
968:20 September
966:. Retrieved
952:
942:20 September
940:. Retrieved
936:
927:
917:20 September
915:. Retrieved
909:
900:
881:
871:20 September
869:. Retrieved
858:
849:
839:20 September
837:. Retrieved
828:
819:
809:20 September
807:. Retrieved
798:
776:20 September
774:. Retrieved
765:
756:
719:Ching Cheong
715:
707:
705:
335:
328:
302:
298:
296:
240:Hanyu Pinyin
138:Hanyu Pinyin
48:Biodata page
18:
1074:2 September
712:Controversy
360:Median age
2018:Categories
1951:Issued by
1899:Issued by
1805:Issued by
1538:Issued by
1466:Taiwan is
1159:5 December
1044:5 December
982:Paul Yip,
749:References
2005:Hong Kong
1978:Passports
1837:Passports
1690:Passports
1627:Issued by
1565:Passports
1541:Hong Kong
1530:Hong Kong
1449:Hong Kong
1390:residents
1380:Issued to
1296:residents
1291:Issued to
315:Hong Kong
62:Issued by
1954:Portugal
1443:See also
1331:Passport
1324:Passport
1294:Mainland
1229:Archived
1205:Archived
1186:Ming Pao
1178:Archived
1153:Archived
1116:cite web
1106:1 August
1068:Archived
1038:Archived
987:Archived
962:Archived
889:Archived
865:Archived
833:Archived
803:Archived
770:Archived
726:See also
275:Jyutping
173:Jyutping
1226:"香港西藏化"
325:History
305:, is a
114:前往港澳通行证
100:前往港澳通行證
36:前往港澳通行证
1794:
1527:
1474:. See
1387:Taiwan
2001:China
1902:China
1808:Macau
1797:Macau
1749:Macau
1745:China
1630:China
1472:China
1453:Macau
1100:(PDF)
1093:(PDF)
697:36831
694:14026
691:17919
680:44766
674:10134
663:15690
660:31358
657:39060
646:12569
643:35002
640:42331
626:38740
623:46971
612:-2487
609:47358
606:57387
595:16412
592:31423
589:38338
578:14254
575:32627
572:40496
558:37797
555:45031
541:47721
538:54646
527:11371
524:35916
521:43379
507:34071
504:42624
490:38854
487:48587
476:13140
473:31435
470:41610
459:20885
456:24798
453:33865
439:37779
436:54170
422:40568
419:55106
408:16678
405:26752
402:38072
388:38640
385:53507
371:30945
368:45234
319:Macau
66:China
2003:and
1747:and
1478:and
1455:and
1385:and
1173:程翔,
1161:2019
1131:help
1108:2013
1076:2020
1046:2019
1016:2024
993:SCMP
970:2024
944:2024
919:2024
873:2024
841:2024
811:2024
778:2024
688:2021
677:7974
671:2020
654:2019
637:2018
629:7779
620:2017
603:2016
586:2015
569:2014
561:9719
552:2013
535:2012
518:2011
510:1216
501:2010
493:6163
484:2009
467:2008
450:2007
433:2006
425:-356
416:2005
399:2004
391:1243
382:2003
374:9516
365:2002
348:Year
297:The
75:1982
54:Type
1383:SAR
700:31
683:32
666:32
649:33
632:32
615:32
598:32
581:32
564:33
547:36
544:254
530:31
513:29
496:29
479:28
462:28
445:27
442:580
428:29
411:29
394:30
377:29
317:or
216:单程证
202:單程證
2020::
1451:,
1235:.
1211:.
1193:^
1151:.
1147:.
1120::
1118:}}
1114:{{
1062:.
1036:.
1032:.
1006:.
960:.
935:.
908:.
863:.
857:.
831:.
827:.
801:.
797:.
786:^
768:.
764:.
1781:e
1774:t
1767:v
1514:e
1507:t
1500:v
1482:.
1459:.
1268:e
1261:t
1254:v
1239:.
1163:.
1133:)
1129:(
1110:.
1078:.
1048:.
1018:.
972:.
946:.
921:.
875:.
843:.
813:.
780:.
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.