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Prior to the widespread use of the
Internet, the online catalog was often the first information retrieval system library users ever encountered. Now accustomed to web search engines, newer generations of library users have grown increasingly dissatisfied with the complex (and often arcane) search
204:
Throughout the 1980s, the number and sophistication of online catalogs grew. The first commercial systems appeared, and would by the end of the decade largely replace systems built by libraries themselves. Library catalogs began providing improved search mechanisms, including
Boolean and keyword
332:
There are a number of systems that share much in common with library catalogs, but have traditionally been distinguished from them. Libraries utilize these systems to search for items not traditionally covered by a library catalog, although these systems are sometimes integrated into a more
220:
The 1990s saw a relative stagnation in the development of online catalogs. Although the earlier character-based interfaces were replaced with ones for the Web, both the design and the underlying search technology of most systems did not advance much beyond that developed in the late 1980s.
274:(ILS), instead providing drivers that allow for the synchronization of data between the two systems. While the original online catalog interfaces were almost exclusively built by ILS vendors, libraries have increasingly sought next-generation catalogs built by
958:
208:
At the same time, libraries began to develop applications to automate the purchase, cataloging, and circulation of books and other library materials. These applications, collectively known as an
174:
menu. First introduced in 1983, Dynix was one of the first and most popular commercial library automation systems ever released, enjoying nearly twenty years of dominance in libraries worldwide.
243:
This has, in turn, led to vocal criticisms of these systems within the library community itself, and in recent years to the development of newer (often termed 'next-generation') catalogs.
212:(ILS) or library management system, included an online catalog as the public interface to the system's inventory. Most library catalogs are closely tied to their underlying ILS system.
263:, as well as features aimed at greater user interaction and participation with the system, including tagging and reviews. These new features rely heavily on existing
201:
client, users could search a handful of pre-coordinate indexes and browse the resulting display in much the same way they had previously navigated the card catalog.
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provided simpler to use (yet more powerful) systems that could provide relevancy ranked search results using probabilistic and vector-based queries.
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Although a handful of experimental systems existed as early as the 1960s, the first large-scale online catalogs were developed at
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259:), are distinguished from earlier OPACs by their use of more sophisticated search technologies, including relevancy ranking and
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Although library catalogs typically reflect the holdings of a single library, they can also contain the holdings of a group or
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searching, as well as ancillary functions, such as the ability to place holds on items that had been checked-out.
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helps librarians to track selection, acquisition, and licensing of a library's electronic information resources.
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304:, are usually designed to aid the borrowing of books and other materials among the member institutions via
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There are also a number of applications aimed at managing documents, photographs, and other digitized or
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At the same time, organizations outside of libraries began developing more sophisticated
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systems) assist with efforts to preserve documents created by faculty and students.
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These and other early online catalog systems tended to closely reflect the
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10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199607)47:7<493::aid-asi3>3.3.co;2-y
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370:. Particularly in academic libraries, these systems (often known as
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which may be poor or inconsistent, particularly for older records.
264:
448:
Husain R, Alam Ansari M (2006). "From Card
Catalog to Web OPACs".
355:, and many others—index journal articles and other research data.
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Newer catalog platforms may be independent of the organization's
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Newer generations of library catalog systems, typically called
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324:—the latter catalogs the collections of libraries worldwide.
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348:
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Journal of the
American Society for Information Science
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that they were intended to replace. Using a dedicated
517:
Breeding M (2008). "Open Source
Library Automation".
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Refactoring a
Library's Legacy Catalog: a Case Study
149:. Online catalogs have largely replaced the analog
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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608:
549:
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215:
1231:
486:"Toward a Twenty-First Century Library Catalog"
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282:projects, often led by libraries themselves.
416:"Why are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?"
308:. Examples of this type of catalogs include
240:mechanisms of older online catalog systems.
246:
1194:
601:
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535:
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450:DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
232:and popular e-commerce websites such as
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484:Antelman K, Lynema E, Pace AK (2006).
300:of libraries. These systems, known as
1255:Library cataloging and classification
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490:Information Technology and Libraries
394:International Cataloguing Principles
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1214:
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131:), now frequently synonymous with
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874:Library and information scientist
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228:systems. Web search engines like
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545:. IAML 2015. New York City, USA.
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897:Library and information science
557:"WorldCat facts and statistics"
161:
34:needs additional citations for
969:Electronic resource management
561:Online Computer Library Center
529:
510:
477:
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382:Electronic resource management
216:Stagnation and dissatisfaction
153:previously used in libraries.
58:"Online public access catalog"
1:
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125:online public access catalog
7:
902:Education for librarianship
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10:
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1062:History of library science
519:Library Technology Reports
474:Borgman C (1996), 493-503.
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16:Library catalog on the Web
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1070:
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882:
816:
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272:integrated library system
210:integrated library system
1179:Category:Library science
864:Information professional
761:Learning Resource Centre
376:institutional repository
247:Next-generation catalogs
503:10.6017/ital.v25i3.3342
462:10.14429/dbit.26.2.3679
341:Bibliographic databases
141:of materials held by a
949:Collection development
175:
954:Collective collection
226:information retrieval
184:Dallas Public Library
180:Ohio State University
169:
1117:Library associations
1057:History of libraries
974:Information literacy
280:open-source software
43:improve this article
1240:Information science
994:Library instruction
854:Periodicals/serials
773:Special collections
536:Ganseman J (2015).
1250:Library automation
1169:Category:Libraries
1036:Technical services
1004:Library publishing
999:Library management
827:Distance education
414:Borgman C (1996).
176:
147:group of libraries
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1014:Readers' advisory
687:Library of things
306:interlibrary loan
276:enterprise search
253:discovery systems
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335:discovery system
182:in 1975 and the
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372:digital library
364:Digital Commons
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134:library catalog
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496:(3): 128–139.
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362:items such as
333:comprehensive
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302:union catalogs
290:Main article:
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286:Union catalogs
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278:companies and
261:faceted search
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1009:Preservation
959:Conservation
931:
907:Acquisitions
788:Subscription
717:Presidential
565:. Retrieved
551:
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360:born-digital
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162:Early online
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1219:WikiProject
939:Circulation
567:November 4,
456:(2): 41–7.
374:systems or
1234:Categories
1144:Archivists
1127:Librarians
1085:by country
922:Cataloging
917:Assessment
655:Consortium
645:Children's
525:(8): 5–10.
429:(7): 499.
401:References
298:consortium
234:Amazon.com
69:newspapers
1137:fictional
1100:destroyed
1080:Libraries
1019:Reference
979:Inventory
892:Five laws
832:E-science
819:librarian
817:Types of
808:Traveling
650:Christian
610:Libraries
343:—such as
318:NLA Trove
186:in 1978.
99:June 2009
1199:Glossary
1110:national
847:ensemble
751:Research
744:Carnegie
712:National
697:Medicine
630:Academic
388:See also
353:PsycINFO
322:WorldCat
265:metadata
195:terminal
137:, is an
1209:Outline
1189:Commons
1105:medical
1095:ancient
1090:by size
1050:History
1041:Weeding
1024:virtual
927:catalog
766:virtual
734:Private
682:Lending
660:Digital
635:Archive
345:Medline
157:History
143:library
83:scholar
1029:roving
859:School
783:Street
756:School
739:Public
729:Prison
702:Mobile
672:Hybrid
665:shadow
640:Branch
563:. 2009
368:DSpace
320:, and
314:SUNCAT
255:(or a
230:Google
199:telnet
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1149:women
1132:women
1072:Lists
842:Music
707:Music
543:(PDF)
419:(PDF)
396:(ICP)
310:COPAC
172:Dynix
90:JSTOR
76:books
932:OPAC
793:Tool
722:U.S.
612:and
569:2009
366:and
349:ERIC
129:OPAC
123:The
62:news
837:Law
798:Toy
692:Map
677:Law
498:doi
458:doi
431:doi
197:or
145:or
45:by
1236::
559:.
523:44
521:.
494:25
492:.
488:.
454:26
452:.
427:47
425:.
421:.
351:,
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312:,
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595:t
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127:(
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
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39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
